Got phones?. Presented by Camille Fair-Bumbray TRED 256 July 2007.

Got phones?

Presented byCamille Fair-Bumbray

TRED 256July 2007

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What is PHONETICS?

• Phonetics comes from the Greek word φωνή (phone), or the morpheme phon~ which means sound

• Phonetics then is the study of the sounds of human speech.

http://www.auburn.edu/~murraba/phon.html

http://members.aol.com/gulfhigh2/words11.html

Linguistic Knowledge

how we saysounds

articulatory

how we perceiveor hear sounds

auditory

Phonetics

sound systemrules for

combining sounds

Phonology

Sounds

word formationinternal structure

meaning of word chunks

Morphology

(whole) word meaning

Semantics

Words

rules forgrammar

Syntax

Sentence Structure

how context andsituation affect

meaning

Pragmatics

Language Use

Knowledge of LanguageLinguistic Knowledge

So What’s the Chapter About?(Chapter Overview: The BIG 6)

1. Definition of Phonetics2. Articulatory phonetics (speaking) v. auditory phonetics

(listening)3. Sound Segments4. Spelling (Orthography)and Speech (pronunciation)5. Articulatory Phonetics (“anatomy” and “physiology” of

phonetics)1. a. Initiation (airstream mechanisms) + Articulation (vocal

tract)2. b.Consonants: places of articulation, manners of

articulation, phonetic symbols3. c.Vowels & Dipthongs

6. Sign-Language

But first…A few random…yet

relevant thoughts

*Why we chose PHONETICS

*Why Phonetics is important

*Phonetics? Phoneme? Phonology?

Why phonetics?

• Thought it was phonology

• Discovered it wasn’t!

• Realized I needed to understand the difference

• Specifically: How can phonetics be useful in the

classroom????

Phone? Phonetics? Phonics? Phoneme? Phonology? Is it just semantics? What changes the meaning?

Is it the root or the stem?

Phone: sound of a phoneme

Phonetics: study of speech sounds; how we pronounce individual letters or the sound associated with a combination of letters

Phonics: a method of teaching people to read and pronounce letters by the sounds associated with letters

Phoneme: smallest unit of speech that distinguish one utterance from another; sound segments that are associated with a rule

Phonology: study of sound systems of language; how sounds are combined in a language (phonetics + phonemics)

Phone or Phoneme?

A phone is… A phoneme is…

On of many possible sounds in the languages of the world

A contrastive unit in the sound system of a particular language

The smallest identifiable unit found in a stream of speech

A minimal unit that serves to distinguish between meanings of words

Pronounced in a defined way Pronounced in one or more ways, depending on allophones

Represented between brackets Represented between slashes

[b], [t] /b/, /t/

Why is Phonetics Important?• It gives birth to language

• Without sounds we would be unable to create or understand words that make up languages

• It’s the precursor to phonemic awareness (which helps us to decode words and develop reading fluency)

• It’s the last text and visual that the authors remind us of in the text, so its obviously critical to Linguistic Knowledge!

Back to the main road…

• Definition of phonetics• Articulatory v. Auditory Phonetics

• (Speaking v. Hearing/Perceiving sounds)

• Segmenting

How do we learn how to say words?

How would you say…

How would you teach…

What did you do and how were you able to do it?

Segmenting

dividing utterances into individual sounds, morphemes, words and/or phrases

Awareness

Language (English)

Sounds associated with the letters

PHONETICSSounds…Not Spelling or Syllable

Spelling and/or syllables don’t necessarily indicate # of sounds (but they may help you to segment)

• Knot (4 letters) = kn /o / t (3 sounds)• Gnome (5 letters) = gn/ o/ me (3 sounds)

• Psycho (6 letters) = ps/ y/ ch/ o (4 sounds)

TRY…What do you know? What do you need to know?

• Telephone• Sesquipedaliana) iamtheproudownerofthelongestlongestlongestdomainnameinthisworld.com

b) Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis

c) TRINITROPHENYLMETHYLNITRAMd) Leer taal

e) étudiantf) montanha g) Heureuxh) glüklich i) Счастливоj) 幸せk) 산

SO…

Symbols + Sounds = Phonetics

+ = Phonetics

Are we there yet…?

• Definition of phonetics

• Articulatory v. Auditory Phonetics • (Speaking v. Hearing/Perceiving sounds)

• Segmenting

• Spelling and Speech

• Articulatory Phonetics: • The Anatomy & Physiology of Speech Production

Spelling and Speech

• Alphabetic spelling = pronunciation(how word is spelled) = (how you say it)

• Orthography sounds (spelling) (sounds associated with individual

letters)

Example:Did he believe that Caesar could see the people seize the seas?

e, ie, ae, ee, eo, ei, ea = sound like E as in EAT

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.

What are some of the possibilities?(in English!)

• Multiple letters/1 sound

to, too, two , through, threw, clue, shoe• 1 letter/multiple sounds

dame, dad, father, call, village, many• Combo of letters/1 sound

shoot, phone, glacial, theatre• Single or Combo/NO sound

mnemonic, corps, island

Now You Try…

Multiple letters/1 sound

1 letter/multiple sounds

Combo of letters/1 sound

Single or combo/NO sounds

How do we know the sounds?Phonetic Alphabet :

Used for phonetic transcription of any language

IPAInternational

Phonetic

Alphabet



Using the IPA

[se]

[plen]

[tek]

Once you can wrap your head around notation, IPA helps us to represent the pronunciation of words in

any language

Let’s Exercise Our Minds!

Exercise #4

Exercise #8


There… Yet…? Definition of phonetics

Articulatory v. Auditory Phonetics (Speaking v. Hearing/Perceiving sounds)

Segmenting

Spelling and Speech

Articulatory Phonetics: The Anatomy & Physiology of Speech Production (what and where the structures of the body are) & (function/what they do)

How do we generate & create

sounds?





Initiation + ArticulationInitiation: where the sound starts

*In the lungs (pulmonic)

*Pushed out of lungs, up trachea (wind

pipe), to larynx (egressive)

*A.K.A. pulmonic egressive airstream

mechanism

*there are also ingressive (ie. Clicks)

Articulation: where & how we shape the

sound to be produced in a specific way

*larynx (lair rinks) = “voice box”

*larynx is behind “adam’s apple”

*larynx (glottis + vocal chords)

*vocal tract (larynx, pharynx, oral & nasal

cavity)





Voiced or Voiceless SoundsVoiced

• Vocal chords closed• Air stream forces thru• Causes vibration• [b], [d], [z], [v]

Voiceless• Vocal chords open• Air stream flows freely• [p], [t], [k], [s]



Examples

voiced/voiceless

http://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/#

Clicks /tsk/

http://hctv.humnet.ucla.edu/departments/linguistics/VowelsandConsonants/vowels/chapter13/movie.html

http://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/

There… Yet…? Definition of phonetics

Articulatory v. Auditory Phonetics (Speaking v. Hearing/Perceiving sounds)

Segmenting

Spelling and Speech

Articulatory Phonetics: The Anatomy & Physiology of Speech Production (what and where the structures of the body are) & (function/what they do)

Places of Articulation

Tongue + Lips = Articulators

Cause restriction

Reshape oral cavity



Where sound is made…place

phones Academia Common

[b] [p] [m]

Boy, pig, mom

bilabials Both lips

[f] [v]

Fine and vine

labiodentals Bottom lip/upper teeth

Thin that

interdentals Between teeth

[t] [d] [n] [s] [z]

To , do, new

alveolars Tip of tongue to alveolar ridge (front of roof)

[∫] [č]Mission and measure

palatals Tongue to roof of mouth

[k] [g]

Kick and gig

velars Back of tongue to back of palette

[R] [q] [G] ulvulars Back of tongue to fleshy appendage

It’s a bit tricky so let’s consult the experts!



Well what the tongue and lips do is also has a secret code! It’s called manner and refers to how sound is made by various tongue, teeth, lip combos. There are categories for these combos:

STOP! affrictive. Frictive. nasal. Liquid…etc


mmm….Back to the experts


http://efl.htmlplanet.com/phono.htm

Vowels and Dipthongs!

Dipthongs

[tay]

[say]

[may]

[mayn]

Vowels

[si]

[sit]

[divə]

Sign Language



Features

(Primes)

*Hand configuration

*Motion of hands (to/ from body)

*Locus (where sign is articulated)

How can we use this in the classroom?

Some great literacy centers for ELL include:

• Tongue Twister• Hink Pinks• Build a Word/Switch a Letter• Songs

So…to help fill in the gaps…

• Phone vs. phoneme

• Using the IPA chart

• Diacritics

• Plosives and all those other

explosive terms!

Let’s ask Abbe


Referenceshttp://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/Summer_2004/ling001/lecture2.html

http://efl.htmlplanet.com/phono.htm


http://www.cal.org/acqlit/resources/Literacy-OELA-11-13-02.pdf

http://members.aol.com/gulfhigh2/words11.html

http://www.auburn.edu/~murraba/phon.htmlBlevins,W. (1997) Phonemic Awareness Activities. Jefferson City: Scholas

tic Books

Fitzpatrick, J. (1997) Phonemic Awareness. Cypress: Creative Teaching Press

Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert and Hyams, Nina (2003). Phonetics: The Sound of Language. In An

Introduction to Language (231-266). Boston: Thomson-Heinle.


http://hctv.humnet.ucla.edu/departments/linguistics/VowelsandConsonants/vowels/chapter13/movie.html


http://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/Summer_2004/ling001/lecture2.html

Got phones?. Presented by Camille Fair-Bumbray TRED 256 July 2007.

Documents

phoneme phonetics

auditory phonetics

phonetics important

physiology of phonetics

soundgreek phonetics

segmenting slide

phonetics soundsnot

articulatory phonetics