Good Governance & Engaged Citizenship ~ A view from Kerala K K Krishnakumar Kerala, India.

Good Governance & Engaged Good Governance & Engaged CitizenshipCitizenship

~ A view from Kerala~ A view from Kerala

K K KrishnakumarK K KrishnakumarKerala, IndiaKerala, India

Good Governance & Engaged Good Governance & Engaged CitizenshipCitizenship

~ A view from Kerala~ A view from Kerala

K K KrishnakumarK K KrishnakumarKerala, IndiaKerala, India

KeralaKerala

KeralaKerala

Population 32 MillionPopulation Density 819 / km2

Language MalayalamSex Ratio 1058*

* No of women per 1000 men

The Kerala Model!!The Kerala Model!!

LiteracyLiteracyMM FF TotalTotal

KeralKeralaa

9494 8888 9191

IndiaIndia 7676 5454 6565

ChinaChina 9595 8686 9191

USAUSA 9797 9797 9797

The Kerala Model!!The Kerala Model!!

Life Life ExpectancExpectanc

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HDIHDI

KeralaKerala 7373 0.640.64

IndiaIndia 6363 0.590.59

ChinaChina 7171 0.720.72

USAUSA 7777 0.940.94

Social Movements of KeralaSocial Movements of Kerala

Progressive Rulers and Christian Progressive Rulers and Christian MissionariesMissionaries

~ Public School System~ Public School System~ Libraries~ Libraries~ Girl’s Education ~ Girl’s Education ~ Education for Backward Sections~ Education for Backward Sections~ Fight for Self Respect~ Fight for Self Respect

Social Movements of KeralaSocial Movements of Kerala

Sree Narayana Movement - From 1880sSree Narayana Movement - From 1880s

Empower Through Organization,Empower Through Organization,Enlighten Through EducationEnlighten Through Education

One Caste, One Caste, One Religion, One Religion, One God One God for Mankindfor Mankind

Social Movements of KeralaSocial Movements of Kerala

Left Political Movements - From 1930sLeft Political Movements - From 1930s

~ Organisation of Landless, Labourers, Small ~ Organisation of Landless, Labourers, Small FarmersFarmers~ Fight Against Fudelism ~ Fight Against Fudelism

Social Movements of KeralaSocial Movements of Kerala

Left Political Movements - From 1930sLeft Political Movements - From 1930s

World’s World’s FirstFirst DemocraticallyDemocratically Elected Communist Elected Communist Government in 1957Government in 1957

Social Movements of KeralaSocial Movements of Kerala

Library Movement Library Movement

~ More than 8000 Libraries Spread Across ~ More than 8000 Libraries Spread Across KeralaKerala~ Elected People’s Committees~ Elected People’s Committees~ Library as a Socio-Political and Cultural ~ Library as a Socio-Political and Cultural CentreCentre

Social Movements of KeralaSocial Movements of Kerala

Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad ( KSSP ) Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad ( KSSP )

~ One of the Biggest People’s Science ~ One of the Biggest People’s Science Movements Movements ~ Initiated People’s Environmental and ~ Initiated People’s Environmental and Health Health MovementsMovements~ Organization with Around 60,000 Members ~ Organization with Around 60,000 Members

Social Movements of KeralaSocial Movements of Kerala

Total Literacy Campaign - 1989 -’91Total Literacy Campaign - 1989 -’91

Social Movements of KeralaSocial Movements of Kerala

~ Around 300,000 Volunteers/Teachers and ~ Around 300,000 Volunteers/Teachers and 3 Million Learners 3 Million Learners ~ Linking Literacy with All Major Livelihood ~ Linking Literacy with All Major Livelihood and and Developmental IssuesDevelopmental Issues~ Literacy as a Uniting Platform~ Literacy as a Uniting Platform

Total Literacy Campaign - 1989 -’91Total Literacy Campaign - 1989 -’91

Social Movements of KeralaSocial Movements of Kerala

Localized People’s Movements Localized People’s Movements

~ Local Issues, Search for Alternatives, New ~ Local Issues, Search for Alternatives, New Frontiers of Fight and Resistance Frontiers of Fight and Resistance

Social Movements of KeralaSocial Movements of Kerala

Localized People’s Movements Localized People’s Movements

~ Silent Valley Movement~ Silent Valley Movement~ Chaliyar and Other River Basin ~ Chaliyar and Other River Basin MovementsMovements~ Plachimada - A Village Against a ~ Plachimada - A Village Against a Multinational Multinational ~ Mineral Sand Mining~ Mineral Sand Mining

Social Movements of KeralaSocial Movements of Kerala

People’s Planning CampaignPeople’s Planning Campaign

~ ‘Panchayats’ - Local Self Government ~ ‘Panchayats’ - Local Self Government ~ Constitutional Amendment~ Constitutional Amendment~ Decentralisation of Power, Devolution of ~ Decentralisation of Power, Devolution of

FinanceFinance~ Village Panchayats and Grama Sabhas ~ Village Panchayats and Grama Sabhas (village (village

assemblies)assemblies)

~ District, Block and Village Panchayats~ District, Block and Village Panchayats

Social Movements of KeralaSocial Movements of Kerala

People’s Planning CampaignPeople’s Planning Campaign

~ Planning from Below~ Planning from Below~ Participatory Resource Mapping~ Participatory Resource Mapping~ Village Development Reports~ Village Development Reports~ Construction of Engaged ~ Construction of Engaged

CitizenshipCitizenship

Kerala Development Model Kerala Development Model ororExperience???Experience???

~ Quantitative and Qualitative Aspects of ~ Quantitative and Qualitative Aspects of ParticipationParticipation

~ People’s Participation and Governance~ People’s Participation and Governance~ ~ Tensions Between Upper and Lower Layers of Tensions Between Upper and Lower Layers of

PowerPower ~ ~ Vertical and Horizontal Positioning of Local Self Vertical and Horizontal Positioning of Local Self

GovernmentsGovernments

Challenges Challenges andand Opportunities Opportunities

~ Economic Globalisation ~ Economic Globalisation ~ Consumerism~ Consumerism~ Trends of Depoliticisation~ Trends of Depoliticisation~ Private - Public~ Private - Public~ Gender~ Gender~ Communalism~ Communalism~ Need and Greed~ Need and Greed~ Sustaining Kerala Model~ Sustaining Kerala Model~ Creative Participation~ Creative Participation~ Deepening Democracy~ Deepening Democracy

Thank YouThank You