God’s Redemption: Exodus 12:1-13:16. “in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ” Announcements Text.

God’s Redemption:

Exodus 12:1-13:16

“in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ”

Announcements• Text

“in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ”

Prayer List• Text

ExodusWeek Date Topic

1 10 Mar 10 Exodus – Transitions: An Introduction

2 17 Mar 10 God’s Preparation of Israel: Exodus 1-4

3 24 Mar 10 God’s Sovereignty: Exodus 5-11

4 31 Mar 10 God’s Redemption: Exodus 12:1-13:16

5 07 Apr10 God’s Completion: Exodus 13:17-15:21

6 14 Apr 10 God’s Instructions to Israel: Exodus 15:22-18:27

7 21 Apr 10 Mosaic Covenant: Exodus 19:1-24:11

8 28 Apr 10 Dwelling Among His People: Exodus 24:12-31:18

9 05 May 10 Breaking/Renewing the Covenant: Exodus 32-34

10 12 May 10 Senior Blessing Night – No classes

11 19 May 10 Israel’s Worship: Exodus 35-40

12 26 May 10 New Testament Implications

13 02 Jun 10 Exodus – Transitions: A Summary

Today’s Objectives• Review last week’s lesson

• Review historical maps of the region

• Learn about the Pharaoh from the time of the Exodus

• Learn about the significance of the Passover and what role it played in the release of Israel from Egypt

• Learn about the Hebrew calendar

• Learn about the Israelite exodus from Egypt

• Learn what God asks of Israel concerning its’ first-born

Last week• Learned about the historical timeline of

Exodus 5-11• Learned about Pharaoh’s response to Moses’

request to free the Israelites• Learned about Moses’ and Aaron’s mission

from God to Pharaoh• Learned about the 10 plagues that impact upon

Egypt and how God uses them to punish Pharaoh

• Saw how the plagues align with mythological gods worshipped by the Egyptians

10 PlaguesPlague Scripture Egyptian gods Represents

River of blood 7:14-25 Hapi/Nilus Sacred river god

Frogs 8:1-15 Heka, Osiris Reproduction god

Gnats 8:16-19 Seb Earth god

Flies 8:20-32 Beelzebub God of flies

Livestock 9:1-7 Apis, Hathor Sacred bull/cow

Boils 9:8-12 Neit

Hail 9:13-10:29 Apis

Locusts 10:1-20 Serapis Protects land from locusts

Darkness 10:21-29 Ra Supreme sun god

Death of first born 11 Pharaoh, Piah God of life

Key Points of Exodus

• God’s grace towards His people• Delivery from the bonds of slavery • Deliverance to the freedom of a covenant

relationship and fellowship with him• No other biblical book surfaces elsewhere in

the OT as frequently as the Book of Exodus does; in the NT only the Books of Psalms and Isaiah are cited more

• Acts 7 is a key companion to Exodus and a quick read

Timeline• Moses lived from approximately 1525-1405 BC

– Completed writing of Exodus after 1445 BC– Exodus covers approximately 431 years of history– Arrival of Jacob and his family in Egypt to the

construction of the Tabernacle in Sinai in 1445 BC

• Israelites lived in Egypt for 430 years (Gen 12:40)– Time of oppression was 400 years (Gen 15:13)– Transition time in Egypt– Egyptians had expelled the Hyskos rulers of the time– Egyptians formed a world power of which there was no

match

Rulers of Egypt in Exodus• Ahmose I (1570-1548 BC)

– Founder of the New Kingdom after the expulsion of the Hyksos rulers, consolidated borders

– Initiated temple building projects

• Amenhotep (1548-~1528)

• Thutmose I (~1528-1518 BC)– Meaning “Born of Thoth” – Thoth the Egyptian god of wisdom– Moses’ early childhood– Therefore Moses would be Egyptian “Born of” and Mu

meaning water

Rulers of Egypt in Exodus• Thutmose II (1518-1504)

– Moses from about age 8 until 21

• Thutmose III (1504-1450)– Queen Hatshepsut (1498-1483, co-regency)– He is called the Napoleon of Ancient Egypt– He created the largest empire Egypt had ever seen– Moses kills Egyptian; identifies with his brethren (Heb.

11:24-26) then leaves Egypt (1486 BC, Ex 2:11-15)– Moses dwells in Midian 40 years (Acts 7:30)

King of Upper & Lower Egypt Menkheper Ra Son of Ra Thetmess

Rulers of Egypt in Exodus• Amenhotep II (1450-1425)

– Seventh pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty– Son of Thutmose III– Successful military campaigns– Considered to be the Pharaoh of the Exodus– Firstborn slain in the last plague (Ex 12:29) – His eldest son did not follow him to throne.– over, after “Dream Inscription of Thutmose IV”

• Notes– Archaeologists give us great detail on the Pharaohs of

Moses’ time– Mummies have been found for each of the Pharaohs

Amenhotep II

Chapter 12:1-13:16 Outline

• The consecration of Israel as the covenant nation 12:1-28

• The death of the first-born and the release of Israel 12:29-36

• The exodus of Israel out of Egypt 12:37-42

• Rules concerning the Passover 12:43-51

• The sanctification of the first-born 13:1-16

Consecration of Israel (12:1-28)• Directions for Passover (vs. 1-14)

– First month of the Jewish religious year was called Abib– Civil year began six months later (September)– Corresponding to our March-April– After the Babylonian captivity, they called the first

month Nisan (the month of flowers)

• Sprinkling of blood– Door represented the house– Smearing of blood on the door was an act of cleansing– The house became consecrated– Signified to the Jews that the blood of a sinless divinely

appointed substitute cleansed their sins and set them apart to God

Consecration of Israel (12:1-28)• Preparation of the lamb (vs. 8-11)

– God directs that it be cooked rather than served raw as the pagans would do

– Eaten with unleavened bread along with bitter herbs– Eaten in haste, for the Angel of the Lord was coming

• Slaying of the first born son would occur (vs 12-13)– Both men and animals– Bring judgment on all the gods of Egypt– The blood will serve as a sign to God and he will pass

over those houses

• Day would be commemorated for generations (vs. 14)

Consecration of Israel (12:1-28)• Feast of the Unleavened Bread (vs. 15-20)

– To eat bread without yeast for seven days– Cannot eat year, would be cut off from Israel– Sacred assemblies to be held on day one and seven– Do not work on these two days, except to prepare food

• Celebrate the Feast of the Unleavened Bread– It would be on that day that they would leave Egypt– 14th day to the 21st day, eat bread made without yeast

• Moses issues instructions about Passover (vs. 21-28)– Slaughter the Passover lamb– Apply the blood to the doorframes– Do not go to the door until the morning

Hebrew Calendar

Release of Israel (12:29-36)• God strikes down the first born of Egypt (vs. 29-30)

– First born of Pharaoh, of the prisoner, and livestock– Loud wailing in Egypt, not a house without someone

dead

• Pharaoh summons Moses and Aaron (vs. 31-36)– Orders them to leave Egypt– All their people, livestock, and possessions– Asked the Egyptians for articles of gold and silver, they

were more than happy to oblige– Plundered the Egyptians of all their treasure

Exodus Out of Egypt (12:37-42)

• Israelites depart Rameses for Succoth– 600,000 men plus women and children (remember,

barely 70 started this process over 400 years prior)\– Livestock, flocks, and herds– Baked cakes of unleavened bread

• Israel stayed in Egypt for 430 years– Left Egypt exactly 430 years– When Jacob entered Egypt in1876 BC until the day of

the Exodus in 1446 BC– Abrahamic covenant (Gen 46:2-4) until giving of the

Mosaic Law in Sinai (Ex 19)– All Israelites are to honor the Lord for what he has done

for them on that night

Ref: Constable

North

The Passover (12:43-51)• Passover restrictions

– God speaking to Moses and Aaron– No foreigner is to eat from the Passover– Only the circumcised– But not a temporary resident or hired worker– Eaten inside, do not break any bones– Whole community of Israel must celebrate

• Why all the rules?– Before anyone could observe the memorial of

redemption, he first had to exercise faith in the promise God had given Abraham

– Had to demonstrate the faith by submitting to circumcision, the sign of the covenant

Sanctification of the First Born (13:1-16)• Repeats earlier instructions from God• God directs Moses to consecrate every first-born

male– First born belongs to God, man or animal– Passover was to be a sign to the Israelites of God’s

powerful work for them– A dedication of every first-born Israelite male baby was

to take place after the nation entered the Promised Land– Serve as a memorial to God’s redemption of Israel from

Egyptian slavery– However, God later takes the Levites for His special

possession in place of the first-born son (Num 3:12-13)

Review• Reviewed last week’s lesson• Reviewed historical maps of the region• Learned about the Pharaoh from the time of the

Exodus• Learned about the significance of the Passover and

what role it played in the release of Israel from Egypt

• Learned about the Hebrew calendar• Learned about the Israelite exodus from Egypt• Learned what God asks of Israel concerning its’

first-born• Next week, God’s Completion: Exodus 13:17-

15:21