Final Report of the Study on Goatery Sub Sector For Chhattisgarh State Institute of Rural Development Department of Panchayat & Rural Development, Govt. of Chhattisgarh Nimora, Raipur (C.G.) - 492015 Team Sanjeev Kumar Arun Keshav Submitted by The Livelihood School D-1,Machna Colony Shivaji Nagar,Bhopal Ph:0755-4209040 Final Report
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Transcript
Final
Report of the Study on Goatery Sub Sector
For
Chhattisgarh State Institute of Rural
Development Department of Panchayat & Rural Development, Govt. of Chhattisgarh
� Every seller needs to pay Rs. 10 and buyers Rs. 200 for the month. There are 10 agents like me working under Abhay Tiwary of Nagar
Nigam.
� Receipt for purchase is given to every buyer.
Abhay Kumar
Q- Whether the Supply of goats to this market has increased or
decreased over a period of time and why? The quality of goats
supplied have come down or improved and why?
A- It is decreasing; also the quality of goats coming to the market has
come down. This is because the quality goats from interior hilly
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areas like antagarh, bastapur etc. have come down substantially.
The kuchias are afraid to go inside and buy goats due to naxalites.
Q- What is the registration fees/tax structure like? Whether your
revenue from this market has increased or decreased?
A- 5% for buyer only. Revenue as compared to last year has come
down, as quality goats are not coming.
Q- What is the revenue received per month? Can we get records of t
he revenue over 5 years, say?
A- Monthly revenue is about Rs. 8000 to 9000 per month. Regarding
the records for 5 years, last few years the work was contracted by
Nagar Nigam, last year as well bidding was made of Rs.1, 60,000
but the party didn’t go forward to sign the agreement deed, hence
Nagar Nigam is presently doing it.
Q- Do you give any facility as well? Do you give any facility for
keeping animals in case it is not sold?
A- You are seeing the facility available (only sheds). Earlier, 7-8 yrs back we use to make arrangements for drinking water of animal. At
that time bigger animals like cow, ox etc. use to come. Now days it
is only goats, that too the market is only for 2-2.5 hrs. Now tokapal
market attracts the sellers and buyers more.
In case animals are not sold, it is taken back by the owners. None
has approached for the same.
There is Pamela Bazar for bigger animals cattle, ox etc.
Also this market is located in the centre of the town, if facilities are
created properly and located properly, the market would do well.
Q- It seems outsiders are few?
A- Yes, since the quality of goats has come down outsiders have
decreased in numbers, earlier buyers from Orissa also use to come
to this market now they have stopped. Tokapal is now preferred
market for them.
Q- In your opinion can there be any steps that Govt. may take so that
the supply to such markets may improve?
A- Police is harassing the kuchias who go to interior areas for
purchasing from villages. Such kuchias could be issued id cards.
Also police should give them protection if they are harassed by anti
social elements.
Instead of giving protection to the kuchias police is in practice of
harassing them, in an incident police in check post was asking for
receipt of goats purchased by kuchias from villages and was asking
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for bribes, the traders were known to me hence I intervened and
made the police official talk to my commissioner, then they
stopped sitting on that point. Traders are scared of police. Due to
all these factors, Jagdalpur mkt has gone down. Also the sweepers
here were demanding money the buyers, sellers and us. That has
been sorted out.
Q- Traders were saying that 5 % tax on purchase of goats is on higher
side, what you have to say?
A- No the tax is not higher; this is the tax for last 10 yrs, that is not the limiting factors.
Q- The traders those who purchase goats every time for them you
don’t find it to be on the higher side?
A- For the shop owners, the parshad has given instruction
informally, to take Rs. 200 from them, receipts are given to them
as well.
Q- Goats and bucks both are selling? What would be the difference in
their rates?
A- The price of goats is lesser, if the buck sells in Rs. 2000 the goat of similar weight would sell in Rs. 1400. The meat sellers(butcher) would
mostly sell goats and not the bucks.
Q To a goat seller: What is the price of your goat? In how much you
have bought it?
A- It is Rs. 5,500. I have bought it for Rs. 4000 from village spent Rs. 30 in
transportation. Since morning I have sold 5 goats today.
g) Ahmed Proprietor, Faiz Impex, Chennai
&
h) Mewalal Thakur Proprietor, Bastar Goat Skin
Skin Trader and Meat Shop Owner,
Sanjay Market, Jagdalpur, Bastar
Key Points in Discussions:
Q- We want to understand the skin trade, What happens to the skin from
this place, where it goes, how etc.
A- The raw skin is collected and salt is put to it with in 24 hrs, if the salt is not
put the skin will get damaged, for one skin approximately 2 kgs of salt
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will be required, the salt used is not the table salt but hygiene salt and
costs approximately Rs. 150-200/ 50 Kgs. The salt comes from Tutugudi
in Tamil Nadu. It is purchased and stocked here. Once processed with
this salt the skin would stay in good condition for about a month and
maximum for 2 months. How ever, we collect the skin from this place,
all of Chhattisgarh, MP, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh every 15 days. One
truck load is collected every 15 days. One truck load would have
10,000 skins.
Here the local trader would collect skins from different areas in small
truck and collect it to our godown here , in Jagdalpur. After that in
every 15 days we take the skin to Chennai. Chennai is the hub of
tanneries, about 2000 tanneries would be there (In Kanpur only there
are a few.). Chennai is the hub for buyers of 80% finished goods around
the world. This finished leather is then used for making belts, wallets,
bags etc.
Q- Which state is best quality and quantity wise?
A- Quality wise it is Kerala, M.P is average about 50% selection, areas
around Cuttack, Rourkela is good. Quantity wise M.P (including
Chhattisgarh) is on higher side. Many whole sale skin traders have
their offices (collection centers) in Chhattisgarh (Jagdalpur, Raipur,
Durg etc.). Nagpur is the collection hub for this area, in eastern
india it is Kolkata, for Andhra it is Hyderabad.
Q- How do you purchase from local trader.
A- We purchase the skin on piece basis, for one skin we pay
approximately Rs. 50 -60 and from here we take it to Chennai sell at
the factory gate by taking 10 % margin, the transportation cost is Rs.
5 to Rs. 6. The skin is then processed. First, it is dipped in a chemical
solution to remove the hair of outer skin (eastern chrome).
Treatment capacity of one plant is 1500; there is a ceiling put up by
the Govt. for pollution control. The wastes are treated and
disposed. Then the colouring of skin is done. The processed leather
is exported; of the total exports, leather exports are second to the
textile export. 80-90% of the processed goat leather is then
exported.
Cattle leather and buffalo skins are costlier Rs. 500-600 per skin.
Sheep leather is cheaper and better than the goat skin but the
share of sheep leather in Chhattisgarh is very less it is around 5%.
Skins of bigger animals are used making office bags etc. The
process of treating goat skin and bigger animal skin is separate.
There was a tannery in Bhilai but that has been closed now. The raw
material supply here would not be there; at least 1500 to 2000 skin
needs to be processed for sustenance.
The tanneries are in shortage of raw material hence they are
importing raw skin from out side the country, processing it and selling
it.
54
Q- The rate of the raw skin has come down here from Rs.100- 120
per skin to Rs. 50-Rs.60 per skin.
A- Yes because the raw skin are imported from countries like Greece,
Middle East, South Africa at a lower rate, hence it has brought the
raw skin rate down. The tanned skin is then exported to European
countries like Italy and Germany and to other countries.
Q- If suppose Govt. thinks that the local raw skin seller should get
Rs. 70 instead of Rs. 50 that they are getting, can Govt. do any thing?
A- In the local market Govt. can’t do much in that, there is not much
problem as such for Goat skin.In taking the skin from CG 2% tax is
there that we pay.
Q- Do you plan to put tannery in CG?
A- Yes, we are planning to put up a tannery in Jagdalpur along with
Mr. Mewalal he has some place here, I have to check the quality of
water, whether it is suitable, should be soft water. By 2011 we are
planning to start.
� A small scale tannery would require a minimum investment of 40
to 50 lakhs.
� Bank loan would be required for which we have tie-ups.
� Would require a labour force of 50 to 60.Final products will not
be made as specialized labour, also economy to scale will
come in to play the availability of the skin is restricted at the
max. to 10-15000 per day, while in Chennai the no. will be very
high.
� The tannery would get skin from CG, MP, and Orissa.
� Once the skin is changed to leather it can stay up to 4-5 Yrs. Last
year in summers about 5000 pieces of skin got damaged
here.Lost about 4-5 lakhs. Also transportation cost will go down
as more leather as compared to skins could be transported in
one truck load.(20,000 piece while the skin it will be 10,000 piece
in one truck load.)
� Local Skin rate won’t change as the market and the rates are
governed from Chennai.
� Hub of skin collection in CG is Jagdalpur and Raipur. (10-15000
pieces per month).
� The supply of Goat skins from CG has come down substantially
here, by 50%, due to declining trend of availability of Goats.
� The quality of the skin can’t be changed, depends on climate.
� My 4-5 staff members are in CG doing all the aggregations.
Q- Have you given any such proposal to the Govt?
A- Not yet but we would do so later on.
� Italian Synthetic Leather.
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� It is priced half the leather, leather is Rs. 50 per sq. feet and
synthetic leather is 25 per sq. feet. The difference is difficult to
make out. It is coming from Italy in rolled sheet. Synthetic leather
shoe may cost about Rs. 300 the leather Shoe would cost Rs.
1000.This has also affected the world leather market. Chinese
have flooded the market with products made of synthetic
leather.
� For last 5 yrs. Synthetic leather (SL) has come from China and
Italy. One machine it self would cost 15-20 Crore rupees.
� GOVT. allowed the imports of SL products as this gets import
duty.
Q- Value addition at each level (Value Chain)
INTERMEDIARIES UNIT RATE (Rs.)
� Raw Skin
� Initial treatment with salt
(Putrefaction)
� Skin Collected locally …………………………………………… 50-
60
� Collected by bulk trader and Transported to ……….. 70-75
Chennai, factory gate of Tanneries
� Conversion to leather …………………………………………………
120-135 (Rs. 50 to 60 addition)
(50 % process completion)
� Dyeing of semi finished leather
(80% process completion)
� Making of leather products
………………………………………………270- 300 (Rs. 150 addition)
Wallet, hand bag, belt etc.
(100 % process completion)
� Many US brands (especially shoes) are made fully in Chennai
and then exported with the US brand names.
� Agra has shoe makers as well but they get the leather from TN.
Kanpur, saddle is made which is made from the buffalo skin.
i) Mixed Group, Mungeli Goat Haat, Bilaspur, CG
Date: March 18, 2010
Points in Discussion
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As narrated by a meat shop owner (Butcher)
� Kuchias as well as farmers both come to this market for selling their
goats.
� The goats are from 5-10 Km. for Navratra there has been less number of goats today.
� This is the biggest haat of CG. Goats from the haat goes to Bhilai, Bilaspur, Mahasamund, Dantewada, Orissa,Raurkela, Jagdalpur
even up to Nagpur.
� Trend- Goats are coming it is all the same. On Wednesday it is cattle haat in the same place today i.e. Thursday it is goat haat.
� The contract is given by Nagar nigam. � Nagar nigam has dumped all the solid wastes here. Nearest drinking water source is the river besides.
� The haat is at least 50 to 60 yrs old. Atleast 4 generations have seen this haat. The location of the haat is being decided by Nagar
nigam, earlier it was near bus stand, now it has been shifted to this
location.
� About 150-200 kuchias from 30-40 villages come here. � Traditional business, shop in Badi bazaar, Meat rate- Rs. 200/Kg,Bilaspur Rs.220-240/Kg, in Raipur-Rs. 240-250/Kg. Rate in
Orissa higher.
� In Navratra, the rate is higher.
� No. of farmers is also high. � Charge of contractor is not fixed Rs.100-Rs150 � Rs. 12 per goat for the regular butchers. � Cross breed of Jamunapari has a good result in near by Rampur. � Nearby areas there is a haat called Takatpur on Fridays every week, 20 km from here.Kamhi haat on Wednesday.
� One yr goat will get Rs.2000-2500. � Kuchias earn Rs.50 -100 per goat. � We buy from the Kuchias in haat only and it is not required to get them in shops. In case we require buying in between, we go
directly to the villages in our bikes and buy it. We even don’t buy
from the kuchias doing bulk selling.
� Kuchias are from different communities. Yadav, sahu etc. � One kuchia can bring 100, 50, what ever they can. This is peak season. Bring those in booked vehicles.
� In fasterpur, there is a haat from 8-10 in the morning.The bigger traders buy fro the smaller traders and bring here.Margin is Rs.50 – Rs
100.
� Goats of Mungeli is famous all over; people come from other places to buy goats from here.There is adequate feed for goat and
you find here lots of Babul trees, goats eat its fruit and drink lots of
water this adds to the fattening. Also the water here is very good.
The meat of mungeli goats would taste better than those of other
places, it’s a challenge.
57
As narrated by a Kuchia (s) [Ram swarup, Prasadi, Meenu Ram]
� Today brought about 4 goats, brought less as Navaratra is going
on.
� From village kodma bani, learnt from my father, is traditional. Doing
this from last 3-4 yrs. Come here every week are full timers.
� Gets goat on both, cash and credit, depends some give credit as
well, others give on cash of 100, 2-4 would give goats on credit.
� What ever mode is cheaper is used for transportation.
� The transporters charge Rs. 8 to Rs. 10 per goat and the police
charges Rs.2 per goat.
� All the kuchias pool up and pay to police. To avoid hassles with the
police, kuchias pay to the police. Police asks for receipts of
purchase, which is not there.
� There is no association of ours.
� Sell on credit; buy from farmer in credit too. It is a matter of faith
and urgency.
� The money of farmer is given the next day after haat payment
cannot be delayed much as otherwise he would catch hold of us.
� Even if there is a loss the farmer’s payment is given to him.
� Today brought 18-19 goats, all have been sold. Earned Rs. 3000.
Interview of Rajesh (Kuchia); in trade for last 20 years.
� Brought lesser goats today due to Navratra; bring goats from
Bastapur.
� In last 20 years the trend in number of goats is increasing, through
the years, in every haat there is about 1000 goats.
� Farmers are rearing goat.
� 20 years back the qualities of goats were better. How ever of the
same breed.
� Earlier the Rajasthani sheep was not there now these sheeps are
finishing the natural feeds of the goats and this has affected the
over all fattening of goats.
� Incidences of Diseases spread is there in goats. Catching cold with
loose motion.
� We are not aware of first aid. Our only aid is to cut the goat. Goats
of all age are cut.
� Butchers are Muslims.
� There is no identity/license, for last 20 yrs. I am doing this work but
there is no proof no hold as such.
� (In case of issuing the id card, how it right persons would be
identified?) By referring to the records of the market (haat)
transactions.
58
� (What is the benefit of license?). We sell on credit to butchers, but
they do not pay us many a times. This limits our progress, we do not
have any means to get our payments, licence will help us fight
against them. Five years before an outstanding amount of Rs.
100,000 was not paid by a butcher from Raipur (Ismail), for about
an year or two the transactions were smooth and after that they
took goats on credit and never paid back. Now he does not come
to this haat.
� Buyers from Orissa, Jagdalpur etc comes here, the rate given is
same by all.
� Sellers do not get the receipt, only buyers get those. We should also
take a receipt.
� Every body does not have Life Insurance.
� Working capital credit requirement is there. Never taken any credit
from banks. Take credit from money lenders from village. The rate is
in between 1.5 to 3 % per month.
� Also take the liberty of paying to the farmers in installments; if there
is any urgent requirement for money to the farmer, then the full
payment needs to be made.
� More than 100 kuchias would be coming to the market. Market is till
3.
� All the goats are sold, mostly.
� We move in villages, we know who the rearers are, we go and ask
them. The final rate is fixed based on our assessment, by holding the
back of the goat, assessing the amount of meat that would be
there.(Farmer says 2000, we say 1000, deal is done in 1500).
� We get best rates in this season, the lean period is the rainy season.
� Have mobile no. to some farmers, occasionally they contact for
sale. My village level trader has the number, when he has
adequate goats, he calls me for sale.
Interview of(Kuchia) Partner of Rajesh; in trade for last 20 years.
� Working as kuchia for last 18-20 yrs .My father was also working as
kuchia; was 20-22 yrs old when came into this trade.
� My child is studying in class 4 (indicating to his son), does not want
him to get in to this business, rest depends on his fate.
� There are difficulties in this business; we have to give credit to the
butchers and some times they do not pay back.
� Experiences of Bad Debts: About 4 yrs back credit sale worth
Rs.70,000 was made to a butcher called Ismail from Raipur, had a
good business relationship with him, but this time he did not repay,
could do nothing. Likewise amounts of Rs. 30,000;Rs. 22000; Rs.
20,000 has been bad debt for us.
59
� Also incur to losses at times due to sudden mortality of goats after
purchase.
� Working capital credit is taken from market @ 2% per month from
money lenders.
� There is no proof of business dealings with us. Need help in this
regard.
j) Raj Kapoor, Representative, Contractor for the Haat
Mungeli Goat Haat, Bilaspur, CG; Date: March 18, 2010
� Presently there is no drinking water facility within the haat premises,
one bore well was tried by Nagar nigam last year but it had failed.Also
there is no lighting arrangements.
� This land on which the haat is functioning is a pvt land on the haat land
Nagar nigam has dumped solid wastes.
� Last year due to political reasons Nagar nigam’s functioning was
restricted. Nagarnigam is trying to bring the daily veg. haat to this
location and shift this haat to another location.
� The contract bid for one year for this weekly goat market (on
thursdays)and weekly cattle market on Wednesdays is Rs. 9 lakhs.The
contract for this year is about to end, it has been a loss for us as the
cattle trade here has declined drastically. Next year if the rates are
competitive we would go for contract, else not.
� This haat is operating since 1970.The volume of trade has gone down
over the years. Reasons are that the goats are purchased directly from
villages and taken outside the state and also within the state. In doing
this networks are functional. Goats are taken up to Rourkela, Nagpur,
Delhi etc.
� After this month the business would be better.
� No feeding facility here, the owners feed the goats before bringing
here and if not sold they graze them while returning back.
� (Indicating to a trader) He has brought the goats from 20 kms and
transported to this place by pickup.
� Tax rates: Rs 12 for the buyers and Rs. 8 from the sellers; regular traders
are charged fixed rates while occasional traders are charged in
percentage terms.
60
� (One farmer who had sold his goat in Rs.4900 was charged Rs. 50, as
revealed by the interviewee).
Q- In case Id cards are to be issued to kuchias, would it be possible to to
identify from your records who the real kuchias are?
� Yes, it would be.
� Goat rearers do not have the knowledge of first aid.
� Kuchias bring to this haat and bigger traders take it from here.
B. PRODUCERS GROUP
a) Marginal Producers Group Maheshpur, Surajpur, Sarguja
(Village about 20 kms from District headquaters)
� 450 HH in the village of which SC-50 HH; ST-200; OBC-200
� SHGs: 8 (5 women SHGs); maximum saving-Rs.40,000; One group
linked to bank for loan.
� Major income source- Agriculture; Crops taken: Paddy, Wheat,
Corn and pulses.
� Irrigation done through tube well; 150 HH have tubewells, mainly
personal.
� Water given @ Rs 20/hr.(electric motor)
� Productivity per acre:
o Paddy- 10-12 qt
o Wheat-5-6 qt
� Max. no. of goats in a single HH- 20-30; cow-10; No stigma
associated with goat rearing.
� Goats are semi stall fed, leaves given.
� Profitability ranking in animal husbandry:
1. Gotery & Poultry
61
2. Cow
3. Buffalo
� Goat if required for rearing purposes is bought from the nearby
village; rate minimum Rs. 500; generally would range from- Rs. 1000-
Rs. 2000 (with kids).
� Cross Breed cows/ buffalos brought from traders coming to
Ambikapur, Bishrampur from Bihar/ Jharkhand (Garhwa). Good
cow would cost about Rs. 50,000 and Buffalo (Murrah)Rs. 70,000.
Cross breed cows HF-Jersey.
� Maximum number of cows in the village is local breed. The best
result is from F1 cross with jersey which gives a milk yield of 5ltrs/day
as against 1ltr/day in desi cows.
� Rate:
o Desi Cow- Rs. 5000
o Buffalo- Rs. 10-15000
o F1 cow- Rs. 20-25000
� Shared ownership is prevalent in goat rearing, but to a very limited
extent, under such a system the kids are distributed equally, in case
there is one kid, if required it is sold and money distributed equally,
the mother goat belongs to the owner. In case of mortality, the
rearer needs to show the carcass to the owner, beyond that there is
no further liability on him/her.
Selling
� Goats are sold from the door step it self. The rates given by village
buyers are higher than those given by the trader.
� Many traders from Ambikapur, Bishrampur come to village daily.
� Goat if required to sell, could be sold in a day itself.
� Goat meat rate: Rs.200/kg ; in village and in the market.
� Desi Chicken rate: Rs. 200/kg
� Past experiences in selling to traders:
o Rs. 2000 fetched by selling castrated buck.
o Sold a lot in Rs. 7000 (per goat about Rs.600)
o Rs. 1000-2000 could be earned from a goat in an year and a
goat can remain fertile till 6-7 yrs.One family can manage to
rear 5 goats, comfortably.Initial investment for owning 5
goats would be Rs.5000.
� Feed corn in limiting quantity for fattening of bucks. Not fed to
goats.
� Goats needs to be guarded of predators attack, threat from wild
animals not there, stray dogs are the major threat.
� No shepherd system prevalent, earlier it was there but has got
discontinued because of unavailability of grazing land and multi
cropping in fields.
62
� Goats are inseminated through bucks and the buck owner does
not charge for that.
� Goat houses in all house holds. Feed available through out the
year.
Diseases and Risks
� Vulnerability to diseases high in rainy season during which they
become vulnerable to dysentery.
� About 5 yrs back vet dept supplied 4 Jamunapari bucks for breed
improvement. The bucks were suffering from diseases and died and
also infected the local goats, this induced a great loss and majority
of goats got wiped out.
� Vet services offered by vet hospital and sub centers in Latori, Silphili
and nearby places. Doctors are available on call, no fixed charges
for coming. Some medicines are free other needs to be purchased.
� Local herbs and traditional knowledge is used for treatment of
goats.
� Goats are at risk of attack by stray dogs, needs to be guarded.
� No Insurance.
� Goat milk not very prevalent, if surplus consumed, the rate could
go as high as Rs. 30-35/Ltr.
� Breed of goat having good meat as well as milk yield would be
preferred.
Cattle & Buffalo
� Animal Feed price: 60 Kg bag for Rs.700 (@ Rs. 12 per kg).
� About Rs.30 to 40 would be spent per day for feeding one cow. [
Animal feed, grass, corn, cooked Dalia, De Oiled Cakes of mustard
and tisi]
� Semi stall fed.
� Desi Cow remain wet for 4-6 months; Maximum milk production 5
Ltr/day.
� Milking done by men and women.
� Milk rates; Rs. 20/Ltr for both cow and Buffalo.
� AI done by Vet dept, if the veterinarian is informed on mobile
phone he comes and does the AI. The charge is nominal, Rs. 10-20.
To borne the travel expense.
� Jersey cross is better than HF cross; Haryana is also in demand as
the calves produced by the cross is better for draught purposes.
� Not all the rearers are interested for getting AI, of all only about 100
rearers are interested, as the cross breed require better care and
the jersey cross calves are not good for draught purposes.
� DCS was operational in nearby village- Silphili, where the milk
production is high, but the DCS has become dysfunctional. As the
market rate for the milk is higher than what the dairy cooperative
63
offer. The average rate based on fat and snf comes to about Rs.14
per kg.
� Milk is sold locally to hoatels, some producers sell directly while
others sell through middle men. There are two models (i) the price
of the milk sold for 6 days goes to the owner while one days goes to
the middle men. (ii) Rs. 18 per kg milk is given to the owner while Rs.
2 is taken by the middle men.
� Insurance for animal not there, people are not interested because
of the difficulty in getting their claims from the insurance
companies.
� Price of big calf: Min Rs. 5000 and on an average Rs. 10,000.
� Weekly Animal haat on every Friday in Latori. Mainly draught
animals traded, demand for milch animals very low.
b) Marginal Producers Group Karwan Basti, Barki Para, Surajpur, Sarguja
(Village about 25 kms from District headquaters)
� 165 HHs in the village (SC- 18,muslim - 40)
� 8 SHGs functional (5 women SHGs)
� Main Income comes from Agriculture. Both Kharif and Rabi Crops
taken are:
o Paddy
o Wheat
o Sugarcane
o Potato
� Average cattle heads present in a HH: 2-3; maximum present in a
single HH is 15.
� Cattle are stall fed.
� Goats are there in almost all HHs
� Profiatbility:
1. Goatery- less investment better returns
2. Cattle- for milk and calves for draught purposes and manure
3. Oxens (including buffalo bulls)
� Goats available in Rs. 1000
� Goats not reared on sharing basis.
� Goats (bucks) sold to the kuchias (kuchia called here as chicua,
but for convenience use the term kuchia) from home itself.
� If required to sell goats could be sold within a day. Kuchias from
Ambikapur, Bishrampur come to the village. Rates offered are at
par.
� Herd size of goats not increasing due to feed problem.
� Goat farm is possible, will stall feed the goats with animal feed and
supplement it by leaves, grasses etc.
� No shepherd system prevalent, earlier it was there but has got
discontinued because the jungle has been exhausted.
64
� Goats are inseminated through bucks and the buck owner does
not charge for that.
� Goats are of local breed, no Govt. programme for improved
breeding run in the village. However, are aware of success of
Jamunapari buck distributed under Govt scheme, in village called
mazira basti, 13 Kms from here, where the cross breed goats have
come up.
� Goat houses in all houses.
� Common disease in goat- Dysentery leading to mortality. For
treatment refer to vet hospitals, get medicines if not available get it
from Ambikapur.
� Mortality in goats increases during rainy season.
� No insurance for goats.
� In case of fear of mortality due to diseases in goat, sold to the
kuchias in as low a price as Rs. 200-400 per goat.
Cattle
� 50% of the cattle population is cross breed and 50% are desi (local
breed.
� Breeding through AI, the AVFO comes for the AI when called.
� Cross breed cows yield 4-5 Ltr of milk at a time.
� Cattle fed with animal feed, wheat husks, cooked dalia. If fed properly
would cost Rs.50.Grazin land very limited, are stall fed. Green fodder
cultivation very less.Not aware of the use of mineral mixture.
� Straw chopping machine has a commercial potential.
� Milk rate: Rs. 20/Ltr in village.
� Calves sold locally in Rs.1500-2500
� Female calve (jersey) sold in Rs. 3000- Rs. 4000.
� Ploughing done mainly with Oxens. There are more than 20 tractors in
the village, but are not suitable for ploughing in rainy season.
� Vaccination, De worming done in cattle.
� Vet hospital 1 km (karwan sub centre)
� F1 of Jersey is profitable.
� Water available in 30 feet in well and in 200 fts in borewell.
c) Marginal Producers Group Vill: Madguri, Kusmi, Sarguja
(Village about 80 kms from District headquaters)
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� There are about 150 House Holds in village; SC-19, ST- 70, OBC-40
and Gen-4.
� Except Brahmin HHs all others rear goats.
� Few years back, due to outbreak of epidemic in goats most HHs
had sold their goat in very cheaper rates, as goats in adjoining
areas were dying of diseases. Hence the present population of
goats in village is not very high.
� In a time gap the rearing starts again by buying goats.
� Almost all the HHs rear cattle and buffalo.
� Major Sources of HH income (Rank wise):
1. Agriculture (single crop-Paddy; Irrigation problem is there)
2. Wages from labour (local and migration to places like
Ranchi, Punjab, Delhi etc.)
3. Animal Rearing (Draught is major support received)
� Profitability from Livestock (Rank wise):
1. Piggery (gives birth to 8-12 piglets; local breed of pigs reared;
piglets sold in Rs. 400-500)
2. Goatery (1-2 kids; kids above 6 months of age sold in more
than Rs. 500, good buck of 8 to 10 months can fetch Rs,
2000-3000)
� If required to buy goat for rearing purpose will buy from near by
villages. She goat would cost about Rs. 1000 to 1500.
� Goat Haat is not there.
� Selling: In the village there are few Muslim middle men (4 to 5) who
buy goats from here collects them and transport them to Jashpur
District (60 Km), from where it is again (sold) and transported further.
� Traders from Jharkhand also come to buy goat from the village. The
rates offered by them is higher than one offered by traders from
Ambikapur and Bishrampur. (Difference is from Rs. 200 to Rs. 500).
� Goats are sold from home itself. In case of requirement the goats
could sold within a day; but in such a case the rate offered would
be less than the market rate. Few people from the village are like
agents (one referred above) they buy the goats keeps with them
collects and then resell to traders who come to the village
periodically.
� When traders from outside comes for purchasing goats they offer
better rates. But their visits are erratic they may come in 15 days, in
a month, 6 months, in a year etc.
� They enquire from village based agents (Jalil,Salim,farid, Khalil, skin
trader)whether there are goats for sale, based on their information
they come to the village.
� In case of distress selling we sell to these local agents or else we sell
directly to the Jharkhand traders. Traders from Jharkhand offer
better rates. Also, they convince the farmer to sell their goat and
even pay higher price than they are asking for.
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� There is no fight between Jharkhand traders and the local traders
(agents), however they are not together.
� Traders from Orissa do not come to this village.
� Goats are grazed in open, we give them water once in the morning
(9-10 Am), in afternoon, in evening and then in night, no
concentrates or grains are given to the goats.
� Shepherd system exists in the village but it is mainly for cattle and
buffalo and not for goats. The shepherds get paid in cash and in
kind, they get Rs 50-100 every month and 40 kgs of paddy (Dhan) in
for 6 months.[ As was evident from the discussions shepherds were
used only during the kharif season when there were paddy crop in
the field, since there was only one crop taken, the fields remained
barren for next 6 months during which the animals were left free to
graze].
� Shared ownership was prevalent in goat rearing, under such a
system the kids are distributed equally, in case there is one kid, if
required it is sold and money distributed equally, the mother goat
belongs to the owner. In case of mortality, the rearer needs to show
the carcass to the owner, beyond that there is no further liability on
him/her.
� Shared ownership is done with village people and not done with
butchers.
� Goats are inseminated through bucks and the buck owner does
not charge for that.
� Jamunapari buck was received by a villager by paying Rs. 1000
from the vet hospital.The buck is still there and the cross breed of
this buck with local breed goats are of better quality. Traders pay
higher for the cross bred and there is no problem as such with
Jamunapari bucks.
� Some times vaccinations are given to cattle and buffalo but there
is no routine vaccination as such. For vaccination there has not
been ant initiative by the villagers.
� For treating diseases in goats traditional knowledge is used. For eg.
For treating dysentery miada bokla(bark of a tree is used).
� Nearest vet hospital is 10 kms. In the village a peon working in vet
hospital resides he treats the animals in case of requirement. It is
difficult to afford the vet doctor as the cost of his travel is to be
borne. One of the villager had called a doctor when his goat had
developed pox, but the goat could not be cured and died.
� Maximum number of goats in a single HH in the village is 15. A
villager said that he had 16 goats all of them except one died.
� Epidemics in goat had spread 2 yrs back goats were dying and
due to this the selling price of goats crashed and they sold all their
goats for paltry amounts.
� Goat milk is nether available not sold.
� No training has been received for goat rearing.
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� SHGs (8) were functional but are not functional presently. Under
Navanjor project CIG (common interest group) has been
promoted, also forest department had promoted some groups,
presently not active.
� Situation would be more or less same in nearby 20 villages or so.
Cattle and Buffalo
� Average herd size of cattle in HHs is 2-3 cattle heads.
� Avg milk yield for local breed cattle is 1-2 ltrs per day. While that of
Jersey cross is 4 ltrs/day.
� Feeding practices: Free grazing supplement given when wet.
� In Khariff season people take their cattle to jungle for grazing, while
in Rabi season the cattle is left free as no Rabi crop is taken.
� Predator’s risk is low for cattle.
� The panchayat here does not function as efficiently as should,
participation is not there.
� Vaccinations were given to animal during the rainy season.
� Houses for cattle and goats exist (the floor of goat houses are
elevated).
� Theft of animal is not there.
� Animal for sale comes for sale from Bihar.
� Draught is the major purpose for which the cattle & buffs are
reared.
� Cow dung is used as fertilizers and not as fuel.
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d) Marginal Producers Group Takraguda, Bastar
(Village about 40 kms from District headquaters)
� SHGs here run the mid day meals of all the schools of the district [As
told by Dr. Rajneesh].
� Total HHs: 109; Total house holds having live stocks, small and big
ruminants- 72.
� Profitability:-
o Cattle Rearing (Ox for draught purpose)
o Goatery (for bucks; lesser investment)
� An oxen pair would cost in range of Rs.15000-25000.
� Price fetched in sale of goats in recent past
o 9 months old buck – Rs. 2500
o Old Goat (Rs. 1500)
o Rs 3000 for buck (sold 2yr back)
� Cattle haat – Pamela Bazar on Sunday, Jagdalpur block. (25 kms
from the village).
� The cattle bought from the bazaar are made to walk all through.
Kuchias are the main sellers in the bazaar.
� If goat is to be sold immediately the middleman (kuchia) is to be
informed, kuchias are there in almost all the villages.
� Goat houses are cleaned by women of the house.
� Shepherd system exists in the village. There are 3 shepherds in the
village. Shepherds get 40 paila of Dhan (paddy) which is about 50
kgs per goat in a year, at the end of year they get cloths and a
weeks rest. People of any caste can take up this work, but
generally it is from SC community. The shepherds take the goats for
grazing at 7:30 AM at 12:00 Noon he bring back the goats and rests
them till 3:00 PM after which he again takes the goats and bring
back the goats at 6:00 PM when he hands over the goats to their
owners.
� No charge by the village buck owner for insemination of goats
through the buck.
� Goats have died due to dysentery and by consuming poisonous
herbs.
� Vaccination is done.
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� Vet hospital is in Bastar (3 km).
� Milk rates Rs.15/ Ltr. for Cow’s milk and Rs. 20/Ltr is Buffalos milk.
� Only one crop (paddy is taken).
e) Marginal Producers Group Palanar, Bastanar,Bastar
Imp Points in Discussion
� Language spoken is Gondi. Spoken up to Bijapur.
� Participants mainly from Palanar village and few from adjoining
villages under the same Gram Panchayat.
� There are 190 House Holds in Palanar village of which majority are
Gonds, 3 HH are Rauts and about 6 HH from Manikpuri community
(weaver community).
� There are 8 SHGs in the village (3-4 male and similarly of women).
No savings.
� The record keeping is done by Anganwadi workers/ others
educated in village.
� The average herd sizes of the goats of the participants were 3-6;
there was one person in the village that had about 50 goats.
� Main source of income: Agriculture; take only one crop; in Kharif
season; crops: Paddy, corn, and til. Corn is sown just before paddy
in other fields or on sides of the field. Local variety of Paddy is
grown, seed bank own.
� In case any one wants to buy goat for rearing s/he will buy from
village itself in Rs.1000-2000.
� Mainly the goats from here are sold in Geedum (Sunday mkt),
Tokapal (Saturday) and Jagdalpur (Sunday mkt) goat markets by
the kuchias. Kuchias buy from the villagers by moving from door to
door.There are 2 persons in village working as kuchias.One year old
goat would cost them Rs.2000-2500.The rate is fixed for the goat on
the basis of observation it self.
� This year the person has not yet done trading of goat as was
engaged in agricultural work and after that NREGA work has come
so he is working in that. Last year he traded in goat (5-6).
Q- Whom does he sell and where?
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� He sells the got in Tokapal (saturday) markets. Seths (meat shop
owners/butchers) come to Tokapal from Jaipur (Orissa border),
kotpal (Orissa), Bailadilla (Dantewada) and Jagdalpur to buy
goats.
Q- How much he is able to earn per goat. Does he incur losses as well?
� Able to earn about Rs. 200 per goat. Yes at times incurrs loses,
Purchased in higher price and sells in lower price. Last year incurred
loses in 2 goats.
Q- Who offers higher rate, traders from Orissa or Jagdalpur?
� Offers similar rate.
Q- Whether traders from Orissa come themselves or local traders buy
and deliver them?
� Traders from Orissa come themselves; they bring their vehicles as
well to take the goats.
Q- What is the quantum of the business he does? Whether he gets
credit from the farmer?
� In a week he gets one or two goats. He has to pay in cash and
credit is not given. He sells the goat at the earliest and does not
keep it with himself longer.
Q- Whether in your village do you have a shepherd or every one take
care of their animal by themselves?
� Time when there is standing crop, animals(all) are given to
shepherd, there are about 4 -5 families doing this work, they are
from same community it self (Gond). The shepherds are paid in
kind, he gets rice every day from all houses and get about 2 kandi
paddy in an year.
Q- Why do you rear cattle?
� It is mainly for draught purposes. It is not for milk purposes, the milk is
left for the calfs.
Q- Buck whether local or other breed, whether any buck supplied from
block office?
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� The buck is of local breed. Once buck was given from block office
but it was taken back and sent to kilepal.
Q- Do you have goat house in all the HH?
� Yes.
Q- Whether there has been spread of epidemic in goats? In last year
has any such incidence taken place?
� Yes, last year near rainy reason. After first rain the goats ate the new
grasses and suffered from diarrhea and died in large numbers.
Q- Whether any veterinarian visits the village? Will he come if called?
Has any one in the village called the veterinarian in near future?
Traditional medication knowledge is available or not?
� No, can come if called, the hospital is in kilepal about 10 kms. No
one has called veterinarian. Traditional knowledge not used.
Q- If some one needs to sell goat, will he be able to sell it easily? In a
day? Or how much time would be required?
� They will have to search for buyer.
Q- Why you do not increase the herd size?
� Fear of diseases in goat, maximum casualty in October, November
towards the end of rainy season. During this time they eat plants
used for making soft brooms and succumb to lose motion.
Supplementary Information
� Price of goat has a increasing trend � Free grazing of goats, no grain feeding � No milking of cow and goat. � No sheep rearing � Pig rearing, feed supplemented by paddy husk � A/c opened in cooperative bank in kodenar � Oxen bought from Pamela Bazar, londegura,in Rs. 10,000-13,000 per pair
� Ox used for ploughing, now even tractors are used, rate Rs. 450 per hour.
� One crop taken, ground water not used. � Land is there with every one (marginal). � Do not sell ox, mainly sell goat, pig.
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C. Veterinary Service Providers/GOVT. SCHEMES/ GOVT. OFFICIAL
ONLY MAIN PTS OF DISCUSSION
a) Dr. Parihar Deputy Director,Vet Services,
Ambikapur, Sarguja
&
Dr. Arun Singh
Project Incharge,
Animal Husbandry, Ambikapur, Sarguja
• Sarguja is the second biggest district geographically,of the country.
• Last year 1000 Jamunapari bucks distributed under RKVY and other
schemes.In pure Jamunapari there is problem, the result of cross
breed Jamunapari is very good.The bucks are distributed through
tender process. Jamunapari bucks are distributed since the
beginning.This year as well we will be distributing Jamunapari
bucks.
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• Govt. goat farm is there in Pakaria also Govt. Pig and Poultry farms
are there.
• The topography of Ambikapur is such that it is best suited for
goatery.
• Demand for meat is there but there are only two slaughter houses,
one in pratapur naka and another in Ramanujganj. These are not
up to the mark, there is no sanitation.
• There is progress in production. Number of meat sellers are
increasing, traders go up to 100 km to get goats.The production is
catering to meat demands of the state and also it is going out of
the state as well.
• Poor people are rearing goat they can’t run a commercial farm.
Perhaps there could be some potential in Mainpat.
• Health and Insurance services are interrelated and are
complimentary. Insurance is required as it will increase the
awareness for timely vaccination, treatment etc. However, proper
information dissemination for claim settlement is to be made.
• Collector has given target to us to work with SHGs in every block
and support them for gotery, piggery and poultry. Next year you
can find at least 50 such groups.
• The Vet department would be comfortable working with SHGs.
• In Sarguja caste plays a major role:-
o Traditionally only Oraon and Pahadipurwa community , both
ST,rears pig.Hence patches of settlements of these
community should be identified for piggery.
o Similarly, Nagesia (ST) should be targeted for goatery and
poultry, as they are traditionally farmers.
o Muslim community can do poultry better.
o For Dairy BPL of all castes including General and OBC should
get equal privilege. It is difficult for extreme poor to do Dairy
as they themselves depend on food grain Rs. 2/Kg; How they
are going to feed there animal by buying feed Rs 12/Kg?
• In last 3 years there has been no out break of epidemics.
• Ramanujganj is potential area for Goat rearing.
• There is a local festival called cherta and in Christmas towards the
end of December, goats, pigs and poultry birds are sacrificed and
eaten in large numbers.
Cattle Rearing
• Proper training is required if they do not understand the nuances of
proper care of cattle they will not be successful. Bank loan can be
given to well train.
• Trainers are available but training budget is not there.
• Training infrastructure not there demanded under BRGF.
• Exposure visits outside the district has been organized.
74
• Mineral mixture scarcity is there, de worming is also not possible due
to resource crunch.
• Feeding practices are not proper, also initiated treatment of paddy
stall but was not successful.
• For cattle breeding AI is adopted. Earlier were supplied earlier now
discontinued.
• HF and Jersey Siemens used also sahiwal and Gir also used. The AI
target for this year is 6000.
• For cattle rearing Silphili (Bengali refugees), form Rajpur to Kusmi is
more prospective.
• Seeds are given for green fodder cultivation but scarcity of land for
the purpose. About 50-100 farmers of general and OBC caste
cultivate fodder.
• Fodder trees were planted but villagers have tendency of cutting
the trees.
• In rural areas milk rates are Rs.14/Kg.
• Dairy could be successful Saruguja in a circumference of 20 km
radius beyond which it could not be successful due to poor milk
rates. There are 5-6 veterinary hospitals in said radius.
• All the dairy schemes are for SC and ST communities, this should be
freed from caste boundaries. Then only pvt dairies would get
promoted.
• The sweet shops in Ambikapur gets milk solids (khowa) from
Allahabad, Raipur, Banaras. Demands for sweets are there. There
are shops which can purchase 1000-1500 ltrs of milk per day.
b) Dr. Rajneesh Agarwal Vet. Asst. Surgeon, BILDP,Bastar
• State has a policy of distributing Jamunapari buck for local breed
improvement. We have been breeds like Sirohi and Black Bengal.
Jamunapari has problems, the long ears are susceptible to
infection and the Jamunapari bucks have been carrier of PPR.
• In Nandpura village we have introduced Jamunapari by making
clusters.
• In takraguda a progressive farmer Patel has 50 to 55 goats
• Goat meat is preferred in the region and the meat rate is Rs. 220-
230/Kg
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c) Ghanshyam Jangde CEO Janpad Panchayat, Bastanar, Bastar
• Is in support of the idea that a marketing centre for goats should be
there where procurement should be done on live body weight
basis and would be resold to bigger traders on live body weight.
• Today buyers are coming from Orissa, Andhra etc. so why not they
come through an organized channel as in poultry.
• If credit is provided, farmer who is selling 2 goats can sell 50 goats.
• Have spoken to SHGs to take up goat rearing as there is plenty of
grazing land. The land holdings here are on higher side. Though
majority is waste land and the productivity is low.
• In Mahua season the goats get fattened.
• Jamunapari bucks have been distributed since last 25 yrs. But breed
improvement is not seen. Also the mortality of Jamunapari bucks is
very high about 60%.The local breed is good work should be done
on that.
• Veterinary doctors are available but medicines are not available
hence farmers rely largely on their traditional treatment.
d) Dr. R.K. Sonawane Deputy Director, Veterinary Services, Rajnandgaon
• Thinking to develop marketing strategy for goat in line of AMUL.We
are thinking of having weighing machine in village and instead that
the middlemen fix the rates the SHGs will fix the rates and will sell at
the time of Eid and other festive season.
• We have asked for Sirohi and Black Bengal breeds in Govt. supply
this time.
• PPR is a problem here.
• Due to rumors of spread of disease by the middle men, the farmers
sell goats of Rs.2000 in Rs.200. To check this we have created a
control room, where immediate information could be passed.
• ABIS dairy has started a goat project with 100 goats.
e) Dr. K.K. Verma VAS, Chhattisgarh State Livestock Development Agency
Raipur
Regarding Bottlenecks in insurance claim settlement:
• Villagers fail to provide information regarding the mortality of
animal to the insurance agency on time.
76
o Possible solution could be free helpline number on which if
informed, should get a system generated claim registration
number and within 24 hrs the representative from the
insurance company should reach to the village. Mean while
the nominated veterinarian should do the post mortem.
• Insurance companies are having less number of man powers and
are not interested in live stock insurance due to low profitability and
high claim ratio. Instead they prefer to do insurance such as vehicle
insurance.
• As the premium subsidy is only for 2 animals per persons, rearers
insure their worst animals.
• Instances of fraud is high in urban areas about the mortality claim is
about 25 % of the insured. While for rural areas the mortality
percentage is 5-8%.One of the insurance company Bajaj Allianz
General Insurance Co. Which was the company which partnered
in 2006-07 got the insurance premium, including subsidy of Rs. 30
Lacs while the claim was of Rs. 1 Crore. The company discontinued
there after.
• The organized dairy in urban areas should be kept out of the
subsidized insurance schemes as they can afford to pay full
premium.
• Routing of the services through SHGs could be good idea and also
only rural house holds should be covered under the scheme.
f) Dr. Goutam Roy
Assistant Director, Statistics, AH Dept, Raipur
• No coordination between AH Department and Milk Cooperatives
(RDS & IDDP.
g) Dr. Neetu Gorduji VAS, Chhattisgarh State Livestock Development Agency (CSLDA)
Raipur; Date on which Interviewed: 19.03.10
Audio Clip: KII_Dr.Neetu_19 March.mp3
• CSLDA is the state level nodal agency for implementation of GoI
NPCBB project (National Project for Cattle and Buffalo Breeding).
• Aims to promote organized breeding, the breed selection is done
as per state livestock policy.
III. Analysis of the producer house holds interviews.
Section-I Goats
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Interpretations/ indications
• Insurance non existent
• Health services beyond the range of 3-5 kms from District and Block
HQ; poor
• 60% of the responder felt that the goat rearing is showing decreasing
trend or is stagnant.
• Average herd size 3-5
• No investment on feed for goats, free grazing main way of feeding
• Goat houses available in almost all house holds.
• Sold from home
• Mortality too high looking into the average herd size (2 out of 5)
• The mortality in goats is largely due to diseases.
• Access to affordable in time ,health services missing
Constraints/ Limiting factors as perceived by responders in decreasing order
− Fear of disease/ epidemic affecting the herd
− Reducing bushes, herbs and free grazing area
− Time and availability of manpower
− Predators attack
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Representative Sample Profile of Respondents
2 Family Status
3 Housing type: kuccha, semi
pucca, pucca?
Kuccha
4 Sanitation facilities: yes/ no
[Yes=1/ No=0]
No
5 Highest Education in the
family
10
6 Mobile phone, landline
telephone [Yes=1/ No=0]
Yes
Mobile Yes
7 Electricity: Yes/ No. Yes
8 SHG member: Yes/ No. Yes
If yes, Years of involvement in
SHG:
3-5yrs
9 Landholding (in Acre) 7 Acres But Mainly un irrigated/ arid/ non
productive
10 Type and number of Livestock
Goats (Total) 3 Average herd size of goat
Male young ones 0
Female Young ones 1
Male Adults 1
Female Adult 1
Indigenous Breed Indigenou
s
Cross Breed no
Cow (Total) 4 Average herd size including bullocks
and young ones
Male young ones 0
Female Young ones 1
Male Adults 1
Female Adult 1
Indigenous Breed
[Yes=1/ No=0]
Indigenou
s
Cross Breed
[Yes=1/ No=0]
Buffalo (Total) 2 Average herd size including bulls and
young ones
Male young ones 0
Female Young ones 0
Male Adults 1
Female Adult 0
Indigenous Breed Indigenou
s
Cross Breed
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11 Rank the livestock in terms of
profitability
[1 highest; 3 lowest]
Goat 1
Cow 2
Buffalo 3
12 How many of your livestock
died in the last one year?
Goats (Total) 2 Mortality too high looking into the
average herd size
Kids 1
Adult 1
REASON
Disease 2 The mortality in goats are due to
diseases access to affordable in time
,health services missing
Kids 1
Adult 1
Other Reason
13 Health care of livestock
[Yes=1/ No=0]
Goat
Vaccination No
De worming No
Regular Cleaning of house Yes Good goat houses, almost 100 %
Mineral mixture feeding
Treatment
Cow/ Buffalo
Vaccination
De worming
Regular Cleaning of house
Mineral mixture feeding
Treatment
14 System of rearing [Yes=1/
No=0]
Goats
Free Grazing Yes
Semi stall feeding Yes
Stall feeding
Type of Breed
[Local/Cross]
Local
Cow/ Buffalo
Free Grazing Yes
Semi stall feeding Yes
Stall feeding
Type of Breed
[Local/Cross]
Local
80
IV. Tools used for information/data collection in the
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
Guidelines for various stake holders Interview
1. Interviewing Traders
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1.1. Scale of trade[Abstract]
1.2. Purchased from where sold to whom
1.3. Margins
1.4. Constraints
1.5. Demand and Supply pattern
2. Interviewing Butchers (For Goats only)
2.1. Value addition at there level
2.2. Present scale of business
2.3. Constraints in the business
2.4. What one biggest thing can help their business grow?
3. Interviewing Credit Service Providers
3.1. How comfortable are they in providing credit for goat/ cow/buffalo
rearing?
3.2. Past experience, if any?
3.3. Constraints?
3.4. What steps would boost your confidence to easily lend the livestock
farmers?
4. Interviewing Health Service Providers
4.1. What are the common diseases in goat in the area
4.2. Mortality (rate and reasons)
4.3. Constraints in providing health services
4.4. Knowledge level of the farmers regarding health and sanitation.
4.5. Big farms in the area.
5. Interviewing NGO functionaries working for facilitation in the subsector
SUB SECTOR (tick) □ CATTLE □ GOAT □ SHEEP
Name of the
organization
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In collaboration with
(names, organizations)
1. overview of livestock (and if possible for 2 previous years )
a. herd (number of heads and major breeds)
b. major markets and uses (dairy, meat, farm activities …)
c. feeding & sanitary conditions
2. 2009-10 marketing
a. Estimates of number of heads marketed
b. Specify major destination markets (local, export) and the periods.
c. Any import from other states? Indicate if possible number of heads and origins.
d. [if applicable] were there major trade deals for live animals (buy or sell) made