Goals and objectives in Language Teaching

Goals and ObjectivesAnnas Surdyanto

Goals

GOALSGeneral statements concerning desirable and attainable program purposes and aims based on perceived language and situation needs (Brown 1995).

OBJECTIVES Objectives are specific statements of the particular knowledge,

behaviors, and skills expectations (Brown 1995). Objectives are in a hierarchical relationship to goals (Brown 1995). Statements about how the goals will be achieved. (Graves : 78)

Units of Progression

Objective 1

Objective 2

Objective 3 Goals

Goals

Objective 1

Objective 2

Objective 3Graves, 2000

Consideration in deriving goals from needs1. General statement

2. Focus on the programs expectations and the students’ capability when the program is over.

3. A basis to develop more observable objectives.

4. Flexible (not permanent).

Process

GATHERING INFORMATION ON NEEDS DEFINING GOALS BREAKING DOWN GOALS INTO OBJECTIVES.

Example of Goals

By the end of our program the students will be able to :

Read and comprehend materials written for native speakers when the topic and the language

are familiar.

Write short notes, uncomplicated personal and business letters, brief journals and short

reports.

Language and Situation-centered.e.g : students will be able to read a French menu and order a meal.

Structural – centerede.g: students will be able to comprehend French grammatical structure.

Notion & Macalister. 2010

CHARACTERISTICS OF OBJECTIVES

1. Performance

2. Conditions

3. Criterion

e.g : By the end of the course students will be able to write the full forms of selected abbreviations drawn from pages 6-8 of the course textbook with 80 percent accuracy.

Mager (1975, p. 23)

Examples of Objectives

EAP of American UniversityObjectives:By the end of the course, a student will be able to Prepare a term paper (including footnotes, bibliography, title page, and

so forth). Take notes on a lecture. Answer questions following such a talk.

Which are goals and objectives?

Examples of Goals and Objectives

GOALSTo develop the students’ ability to read more comprehensibly and effectively.OBJECTIVES(a)to develop effective strategies for dealing with unknown words.(b)to be able to distinguish fact from opinion.(c)to build confidence in dealing with a wide range of texts (different genres)

(Prof. Estela Braun: 2012)