Goal #8 the homefront during the great war-1

1. What was the propaganda convincing Americans to do?2. How did the war effect the United States?3. How did the war effect Europe?

Widely accepted Progressives do not

want to enter war American Union

Against militarism forms

As a nation of immigrants, neutrality makes sense

Neutral countries could continue to trade with both sides

Britain blockaded German ports, U.S. trade becomes limited

Britain agrees to buy all goods from U.S. that they would have sold

Germany resolves to have unrestricted Submarine warfare

1915- Wilson cut military spending

Later, the same year, he approved increases

Toured country to promote being prepared for war

Freedom of Seas Arms limitations League of Nations

“Only a peace between equals can last, only a peace the very principle of which equality and a common participation in a common benefit.”

Sussex Pledge Zimmerman Note Loss of money if

the Allies were not successful

Wilson asks for war

Wilson forms the Committee on Public Information (CPI)

Progressive journalists publicize the war George Creel Ida Tarbell Ray Stannard Baker

Art Advertising Film Industry Speeches Pamphlets

Schools stopped offering German

Sauerkraut becomes “liberty cabbage”

Bars quit selling pretzels

Bach, Beethoven, and Brahms disappear

20 years in prison for the following crimesAiding the enemyObstructing the

recruitment of soldiersEncouraging disloyalty

Postmaster General was allowed to remove mail that incited treason or insurrection

Harsh penalties for anyone who was: Disloyal Used profane language Used abusive language

Against The government The flag Armed Services

1500 people were arrested

Went behind clear and present danger

Began the Red Scare

Passed in May 1917, a month after declaring war

“selection from a nation which has volunteered in mass”

All men 21-30 By June, 9.5 million

registered 24.2 million

registered 2.8 million were

inducted in the Army

Increase corporate income tax

Increase personal income tax

Sell liberty bonds

War expense was 32 Billion 10 Billion raised in

income tax 23 Billion raised in

Liberty Bonds

Oversaw production of all American factories

Headed by Bernard M. Baruch A wall street broker

Determined priorities Allocated raw

materials Fixed prices Told businesses what

they could and could not make

Goal was to convince Americans to conserve food for the Army

Wheatless days Meatless days “Victory gardens” Door to door

campaign to convince housewives

Introduced daylight savings time

Rationed coal and oil

Gasless days when motorists could NOT drive

Closed nonessential factories

Goal was to encourage production

Needed to avoid strikes

Supported 8 hour workday

Encouraged labor union membership1916- 2.7 million1919- 4 million

Women 8 million work during

WWI Pay becomes comparable

African Americans Recruitment in South is

widespread 450,000 move to big

industrial citiesSt LouisDetroitClevelandChicago

North seemed impersonal and lonely

Time clocks and line supervisors

Mexican immigration begins

Population grows from 385,000 to 740,000 in ten years

Created urban barrios similar to Chinatowns

175,000 American soldiers died

Business profits grew

Government authority swelled

Strongest economic power in the WorldForeign governments

owed 10 billionForeign citizens

owed 3 billion

No secret treatiesFreedom of the seasRemoval of Economic BarriersCountries need to reduce armsImpartial adjustments of colonial

claimsIndependent PolandCreate a League of Nations

Asks people to vote for Democrats

People vote for Republicans because of inflation

Wilson alienated many prominent Republicans

27 Nations were represented

Big Four dominate U.S.- President Wilson France- Clemenceau Britain- Prime Minister

David Lloyd George Italy- Prime Minister

Vittorio Orlando Central Powers were

not invited Wilson is a hero

Chant “Wilson the Just” 2 million people line the

streets

1. Reduce size of German army2. Germany to return Alsace Lorraine to

France3. Troops would occupy Rhineland

(German border) for 15 years4. Poland became independent5. War guilt clause – Germany had to pay

reparations (war damages) to the allies6. Other Boundary changes

Austria-Hungary broke apart

IN 1914 IN 1918

Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia Romania Poland Lithuania Latvia Estonia Ottoman Empire

broke apart – Iraq, Palestine, Syria, Lebanon

U.S. Senate does not approve Huge problems with treaty – no one

truly happy Germany could not pay World wide depression Treaty of Versailles leads to WWII

1. What was the propaganda convincing Americans to do?2. How did the war effect the United States?3. How did the war effect Europe?