1 Global Maritime Global Maritime Distress and Safety Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) System (GMDSS) Prepared by Prepared by AUNG AUNG
Sep 10, 2014
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Global Maritime Distress Global Maritime Distress and Safety System and Safety System
(GMDSS)(GMDSS)
Prepared by Prepared by
AUNGAUNG
GMDSSGMDSS What is GMDSS?What is GMDSS? How important?How important? What are Rules & Regulation?What are Rules & Regulation? What are Require Equipments?What are Require Equipments?
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GMDSSGMDSS Internationally agreed-upon set of safety procedures, ‘Internationally agreed-upon set of safety procedures, ‘ To increase safety and make it easier to rescue distressed To increase safety and make it easier to rescue distressed
ships, boats and aircraft.ships, boats and aircraft. Intended to perform, Intended to perform, search and rescue coordination, coordination,
locating (homing), maritime safety information broadcasts, locating (homing), maritime safety information broadcasts, general communications, and bridge-to-bridge general communications, and bridge-to-bridge communications. communications.
Requirements depend upon the ship's area of operation, Requirements depend upon the ship's area of operation, rather than its rather than its tonnage. .
Redundant means of distress alerting, and emergency Redundant means of distress alerting, and emergency sources of power.sources of power.
Vessels under 300 Vessels under 300 Gross tonnage (GT) are not subject to (GT) are not subject to GMDSS requirements.GMDSS requirements.
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GMDSS Sea AreasGMDSS Sea Areas Sea Area A1 – an area within the radiotelephone coverage of at Sea Area A1 – an area within the radiotelephone coverage of at
least one VHF coast station in which continuous DSC coverage is least one VHF coast station in which continuous DSC coverage is availableavailable
Sea Area A2 – an area excluding A1, within the radio telephone Sea Area A2 – an area excluding A1, within the radio telephone coverage of at least one MF coast station in which continuous DSC coverage of at least one MF coast station in which continuous DSC coverage is available’coverage is available’
Sea Area A3 – an area, excluding sea areas A1 and A2, within the Sea Area A3 – an area, excluding sea areas A1 and A2, within the coverage of an INMARSAT geostationary satellite in which coverage of an INMARSAT geostationary satellite in which continuous alerting is availablecontinuous alerting is available
Sea Area A4 – an area, excluding sea areas A1, A2, and A3, (polar Sea Area A4 – an area, excluding sea areas A1, A2, and A3, (polar regions above 75 deg. North latitude and below 75 deg. South regions above 75 deg. North latitude and below 75 deg. South latitude; and outside of INMARSAT coverage) latitude; and outside of INMARSAT coverage)
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GMDSS Defined Sea AreasGMDSS Defined Sea Areas
Sea AreaSea Area Coverage Coverage AreaArea
Digital Digital Distress Distress ServicesServices
Voice Distress Voice Distress ServicesServices
A1A1 From Coast to From Coast to 25 nm25 nm
VHF Channel VHF Channel 7070
VHF Channel VHF Channel 1616
A2A2 25 to 100 nm25 to 100 nm MF 2187.5 MF 2187.5 kHzkHz
MF 2182 kHzMF 2182 kHz
A3A3 High Seas High Seas below 70 Deg below 70 Deg N & SN & S
HF and HF and INMARSATINMARSAT
HF and HF and INMARSATINMARSAT
A4A4 Polar RegionsPolar Regions COSPAS - COSPAS - SARSATSARSAT
No assured No assured coveragecoverage
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Equipment RequirementsEquipment Requirements
The GMDSS prescribed communications The GMDSS prescribed communications equipment and capabilities are mandated for equipment and capabilities are mandated for most commercial vessels, defined as most commercial vessels, defined as “Compulsory Vessels”“Compulsory Vessels”
The GMDSS prescribed equipment is not The GMDSS prescribed equipment is not mandated for recreational vessels but is highly mandated for recreational vessels but is highly recommended due to the safety it provides. A recommended due to the safety it provides. A non-compulsory vessel with GMDSS equipment non-compulsory vessel with GMDSS equipment installed is considered to be “Voluntary” installed is considered to be “Voluntary”
REQUIREMENT EQUIPMENTREQUIREMENT EQUIPMENT
A1?A1? A2?A2? A3?A3? A4?A4?
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Sea Area A1 equipmentSea Area A1 equipment
VHF Radio with DSC and watch-keeping on Channel 70VHF Radio with DSC and watch-keeping on Channel 70 NAVTEX receiverNAVTEX receiver Radio facility for reception of maritime safety information by Radio facility for reception of maritime safety information by
IMARSAT enhanced group calling or HF direct print telegraphy if IMARSAT enhanced group calling or HF direct print telegraphy if sailing in areas where NAVTEX is not availablesailing in areas where NAVTEX is not available
Satellite EPIRB (COSPAS-SARSAT or INMARSAT) or VHF EPIRBSatellite EPIRB (COSPAS-SARSAT or INMARSAT) or VHF EPIRB Search and Rescue Transponder (SART)Search and Rescue Transponder (SART) Portable VHF RadioPortable VHF Radio VHF Channel 16 watch-keeping receiverVHF Channel 16 watch-keeping receiver
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Every “Compulsory” vessel engaged in Every “Compulsory” vessel engaged in voyages in Sea Area A1 and A2 shall be voyages in Sea Area A1 and A2 shall be provided with all the equipment required in provided with all the equipment required in Sea Area A1 plus the following radio Sea Area A1 plus the following radio equipmentequipment
MF transceiver with DSC and watch-MF transceiver with DSC and watch-keeping on 2187.5 kHzkeeping on 2187.5 kHz
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Every “Compulsory” vessel engaged in Every “Compulsory” vessel engaged in voyages in Sea Area A1, A2, and A3 shall voyages in Sea Area A1, A2, and A3 shall be provided with all the equipment required be provided with all the equipment required in Sea Area A1and A2 plus the following in Sea Area A1and A2 plus the following radio equipment (2 options possible)radio equipment (2 options possible)
Option 1 – INMARSAT SES A, B, or COption 1 – INMARSAT SES A, B, or C Option 2 – MF/HF radio transceiver with Option 2 – MF/HF radio transceiver with
DSC and watch-keeping on 2187.5 kHz DSC and watch-keeping on 2187.5 kHz and 8414.5; and at least one of the and 8414.5; and at least one of the frequencies 4207.5 kHz, 6312 kHz, 12577 frequencies 4207.5 kHz, 6312 kHz, 12577 kHz, or 16804.5 kHzkHz, or 16804.5 kHz
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Every “Compulsory” vessel engaged in Every “Compulsory” vessel engaged in voyages in Sea Area A1, A2, A3, and A4 voyages in Sea Area A1, A2, A3, and A4 shall be provided with all the equipment shall be provided with all the equipment required in Sea Area A1, A2, and A3 required in Sea Area A1, A2, and A3 Equipment Option 2 plus the following radio Equipment Option 2 plus the following radio equipment equipment
COSPAS-SARSAT EPIRBCOSPAS-SARSAT EPIRB
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Equipment RequirementsEquipment Requirements Numbers of SARTs and portable VHF radios increase Numbers of SARTs and portable VHF radios increase
with vessel tonnage and vessel type, i.e. passengerwith vessel tonnage and vessel type, i.e. passenger
GMDSS equipment must be capable of being powered GMDSS equipment must be capable of being powered from a reserve power source independent from the from a reserve power source independent from the propulsion or main electrical system, (Normally ship’s propulsion or main electrical system, (Normally ship’s house batteries or equipment’s internal batteries. A house batteries or equipment’s internal batteries. A battery bank used to start engine is not independent battery bank used to start engine is not independent from the propulsion system and does not satisfy this from the propulsion system and does not satisfy this requirement. A genset is not independent from the main requirement. A genset is not independent from the main electrical system and does not satisfy this requirement) electrical system and does not satisfy this requirement)
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Equipment RequirementsEquipment Requirements
. . If the vessel is greater than 65 feet in length, If the vessel is greater than 65 feet in length,
travels to foreign ports, communicates with travels to foreign ports, communicates with foreign stations, communicates using SSB foreign stations, communicates using SSB on MF or HF, or communicates by satellite, a on MF or HF, or communicates by satellite, a Ships Station Radio License is required. Ships Station Radio License is required.
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Equipment RequirementsEquipment Requirements The possession of a US issued Ship’s Radio The possession of a US issued Ship’s Radio
License does not necessarily make it legal for License does not necessarily make it legal for you to use that equipment when in a foreign you to use that equipment when in a foreign country. You may be required to obtain a country. You may be required to obtain a reciprocal license from that country, this reciprocal license from that country, this generally required payment of a fee; or they may generally required payment of a fee; or they may entirely prohibit its use. entirely prohibit its use.
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Application for a Ship’s Station Application for a Ship’s Station LicenseLicense
Application for a Ship’s Radio License can be Application for a Ship’s Radio License can be made on line at made on line at http://fcc.gov/formpage.html. Or . Or call 1-877-480-3201 to obtain hardcopy forms.call 1-877-480-3201 to obtain hardcopy forms.
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Application for MMSI via Ship’s Application for MMSI via Ship’s Station LicenseStation License
A MMSI, Mobile Marine Station A MMSI, Mobile Marine Station Identification number (required for Identification number (required for DSC) can be obtained concurrently via DSC) can be obtained concurrently via application for a Ship’s Radio License. application for a Ship’s Radio License. RecommendedRecommended
If there is any chance, even if remote, that If there is any chance, even if remote, that you will sail your boat into foreign waters, I you will sail your boat into foreign waters, I recommend obtaining your MMSI from the recommend obtaining your MMSI from the FCC.FCC.
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Got’chaGot’cha There has been no attempt to force installation of There has been no attempt to force installation of
GMDSS equipment on non-compulsory recreational GMDSS equipment on non-compulsory recreational vessels, unless required by other criterion. However, vessels, unless required by other criterion. However, “Voluntary” vessels have been cited for functionally “Voluntary” vessels have been cited for functionally inoperable GMDSS equipment, non-use of GMDSS inoperable GMDSS equipment, non-use of GMDSS equipment, failure to maintain equipment equipment, failure to maintain equipment registrations or certifications, or failure to log registrations or certifications, or failure to log GMDSS communications.GMDSS communications.
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Got’chaGot’cha Examples are:Examples are: Functionally inoperable GMDSS equipment – Functionally inoperable GMDSS equipment –
GPS not wired to radio and no MMSI associated GPS not wired to radio and no MMSI associated with radio. This renders “Distress” function non-with radio. This renders “Distress” function non-functional and inability to maintain Channel 70 functional and inability to maintain Channel 70 watch.watch.
Non-use of GMDSS equipment – Radio off. No Non-use of GMDSS equipment – Radio off. No Channel 16 or Channel 70 watch and no distress Channel 16 or Channel 70 watch and no distress function.function.
Failure to maintain equipment registrations or Failure to maintain equipment registrations or certifications – battery certification expired or certifications – battery certification expired or failure to register EPIRBs with authoritiesfailure to register EPIRBs with authorities
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Got’chaGot’cha
Failure to log GMDSS communications – Failure to log GMDSS communications – GMDSS communications are required to be GMDSS communications are required to be logged. The regular ships log will satisfy this logged. The regular ships log will satisfy this requirement. A “Mayday” call sent or responded requirement. A “Mayday” call sent or responded to by your vessel is an example of a loggable to by your vessel is an example of a loggable GMDSS communication. A “Mayday” call GMDSS communication. A “Mayday” call initiated by another vessel is not a loggable initiated by another vessel is not a loggable communication unless you become involved in communication unless you become involved in some manner. some manner.
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Installing Your VHF or SSB RadiosInstalling Your VHF or SSB Radios
Your VHF and/or SSB must be connected Your VHF and/or SSB must be connected to your GPS or other navigation equipment to your GPS or other navigation equipment to obtain ship’s position. This is required to obtain ship’s position. This is required for Channel 70 standby watch and the for Channel 70 standby watch and the Distress Pushbutton to function correctly.Distress Pushbutton to function correctly.
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Installing your VHF or SSB RadioInstalling your VHF or SSB Radio
After installation is complete, test all After installation is complete, test all combinations of electronic components. combinations of electronic components. For example, key radios and check for For example, key radios and check for erratic operation of compass, auto helm, erratic operation of compass, auto helm, and other indicators; run engine, genset, and other indicators; run engine, genset, and other equipment and check for static and other equipment and check for static on radios.on radios.
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MF HF RADIOSMF HF RADIOS
MF HF RADIOSMF HF RADIOS
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CONNECTION DIAGRAM
MF/HF RADIOMF/HF RADIO Over thousands of miles utilizing high frequency or medium Over thousands of miles utilizing high frequency or medium
frequency spectrum.frequency spectrum. simplex and semi-duplex SSB radiotelephony simplex and semi-duplex SSB radiotelephony voice transmissions, watch and scan function, DSC voice transmissions, watch and scan function, DSC
operations (Distress calls, position info, Distress relay and operations (Distress calls, position info, Distress relay and more), 6-channel DSC watch keeping receiver, AM more), 6-channel DSC watch keeping receiver, AM Broadcast and telex. Broadcast and telex.
Transmission with GPS positionsTransmission with GPS positions Frequency-Frequency- Power-100, 150, 250, 500Power-100, 150, 250, 500 DSC Channel-DSC Channel- DSC procedure-Distress Calling & Distress Selective CallingDSC procedure-Distress Calling & Distress Selective Calling
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VHF DSC RADIOVHF DSC RADIO
VHF DSC RADIOVHF DSC RADIO
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CONNECTION DIAGRAM
VHF DSCVHF DSC DSC is a paging -DSC is a paging -VHF marine radio channel 70VHF marine radio channel 70.. Idicates the identity of the calling station and the Idicates the identity of the calling station and the
priority/purpose of the call. priority/purpose of the call. DSC allows you to call every other radio in range at DSC allows you to call every other radio in range at
the same time if you are in troublethe same time if you are in trouble..Following an alert by DSC message, communications are Following an alert by DSC message, communications are established between the transmitting station and the established between the transmitting station and the receiving station(s) receiving station(s) by radiotelephone by radiotelephone on a on a different different channelchannel to that used for the DSC call. to that used for the DSC call.
Ship and coast stations for Ship and coast stations for sending and relaying sending and relaying distress alerts distress alerts and for other urgency and safety traffic.and for other urgency and safety traffic.
Used for routine calls.Used for routine calls. DSC also offers the ability to send and receive GPS DSC also offers the ability to send and receive GPS
positionspositions
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IMMARSAT -CIMMARSAT -C
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IMMARSAT -CIMMARSAT -C
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6000 SERIESCONNECTION DIAGRAM
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INMARSATINMARSAT Inmarsat-AInmarsat-A: provided voice services, telex services, : provided voice services, telex services,
medium speed fax/data services and, optionally, high medium speed fax/data services and, optionally, high speed data services at 56 or 64 kbit/s. speed data services at 56 or 64 kbit/s. The service was The service was withdrawn at the end of 2007.withdrawn at the end of 2007.
Inmarsat-BInmarsat-B: provides voice services, telex services, : provides voice services, telex services, medium speed fax/data services at 9.6 kbit/s and high medium speed fax/data services at 9.6 kbit/s and high speed data services at 56, 64 or 128 kbit/s. speed data services at 56, 64 or 128 kbit/s.
Inmarsat-CInmarsat-C: This is a text message service. Certain : This is a text message service. Certain models of Inmarsat-C terminals are also approved for models of Inmarsat-C terminals are also approved for usage in the usage in the GMDSS system, equipped with system, equipped with GPS. This . This equipment is expensive, (> $10,000) and bulky. It is equipment is expensive, (> $10,000) and bulky. It is clearly intended for commercial applications.clearly intended for commercial applications.
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INMARSATINMARSAT Inmarsat-EInmarsat-E: A global maritime distress alerting service using small : A global maritime distress alerting service using small
Float Free Emergency Position Indicating Rescue Beacon (EPIRB) Float Free Emergency Position Indicating Rescue Beacon (EPIRB) that automatically relayed distress messages to maritime Rescue that automatically relayed distress messages to maritime Rescue Coordination Centers. Coordination Centers. This service has been withdrawn.This service has been withdrawn. Monitoring will be discontinued 1 Feb. 2009Monitoring will be discontinued 1 Feb. 2009
Inmarsat-MInmarsat-M: INMARSAT-M is the first generation satellite phone : INMARSAT-M is the first generation satellite phone service. It provides voice services at 4.8 kbit/s and medium speed service. It provides voice services at 4.8 kbit/s and medium speed fax/data services at 2.4 kbit/s. It paved the way towards Inmarsat-fax/data services at 2.4 kbit/s. It paved the way towards Inmarsat-Mini-M. Mini-M.
Mini-MMini-M: The Mini-M is a compact, light-weight satellite phone with a : The Mini-M is a compact, light-weight satellite phone with a long battery life (48 hour standby and 2.5 hour 'talk' time). provides long battery life (48 hour standby and 2.5 hour 'talk' time). provides voice services at 4.8 kbit/s and medium speed fax/data services at voice services at 4.8 kbit/s and medium speed fax/data services at 2.4 kbit/s. 2.4 kbit/s.
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INMARSATINMARSAT
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Emergency Position Indicating Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon - EPIRBRadio Beacon - EPIRB
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Emergency Position Indicating Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon - EPIRBRadio Beacon - EPIRB
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COSPAS – SARSAT COSPAS – SARSAT EPIRBsEPIRBs
COSPAS COSPAS Space System for Search of Distress Space System for Search of Distress
Vessels (a Russian acronym) Vessels (a Russian acronym)
SARSAT SARSAT Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided
Tracking Tracking
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Emergency Position Indicating Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon - EPIRBRadio Beacon - EPIRB
Category I and II are available with an internal Category I and II are available with an internal GPS, interface with a ship-borne GPS, or non-GPS.GPS, interface with a ship-borne GPS, or non-GPS.• An EPIRB with an internal GPS is the most expensive. An EPIRB with an internal GPS is the most expensive.
When activated, it broadcasts current GPS coordinates. When activated, it broadcasts current GPS coordinates. Recommended.Recommended.
• An EPIRB that is interconnected with a ship-borne GPS An EPIRB that is interconnected with a ship-borne GPS will broadcast the last available coordinates. This GPS is will broadcast the last available coordinates. This GPS is dependent upon function of the ship’s GPS for dependent upon function of the ship’s GPS for information.information.
• Non-GPS EPIRB. The ship’s position is triangulated by Non-GPS EPIRB. The ship’s position is triangulated by SAR authorities using information from multiple SAR authorities using information from multiple satellites. Least expensive; and least accurate and least satellites. Least expensive; and least accurate and least timely position information. timely position information.
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Emergency Position Indicating Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon - EPIRBRadio Beacon - EPIRB
Search and Rescue Transponder Search and Rescue Transponder (SART)(SART)
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Search and Rescue Transponder Search and Rescue Transponder SARTSART
One or more SARTs are required on “Compulsory” Vessels One or more SARTs are required on “Compulsory” Vessels depending on vessel size and usage.depending on vessel size and usage.
A SART is a combination radar receiver and transmitter. When the A SART is a combination radar receiver and transmitter. When the receiver detects an “X” band radar transmission (UHF between 9.2 receiver detects an “X” band radar transmission (UHF between 9.2 and 9.5 gHz) from a ship or aircraft, it will activate its internal and 9.5 gHz) from a ship or aircraft, it will activate its internal transmitter and broadcast a series of 12 dots leading to the position transmitter and broadcast a series of 12 dots leading to the position of the SART with a gap of 0.6 nm. of the SART with a gap of 0.6 nm.
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Search and Rescue Transponder Search and Rescue Transponder SARTSART
These 12 dots are displayed on the rescue vessel’s radar screen.These 12 dots are displayed on the rescue vessel’s radar screen.
As the rescue vessel approaches the SART the 12 dots become a As the rescue vessel approaches the SART the 12 dots become a series of 12 arcs that increase in size as the vessel gets closer.series of 12 arcs that increase in size as the vessel gets closer.
As the rescue vessel reaches the SART or flies over the SART, the As the rescue vessel reaches the SART or flies over the SART, the arcs become a series of concentric circles much like a “target.”arcs become a series of concentric circles much like a “target.”
When it receives a signal from an X-band radar, and transmits its When it receives a signal from an X-band radar, and transmits its own signal, it will either flash an indicating light and/or activate a own signal, it will either flash an indicating light and/or activate a buzzer to inform you that an approaching radar is activating the buzzer to inform you that an approaching radar is activating the SART. This would be a good time to signal the SAR vessel using SART. This would be a good time to signal the SAR vessel using visual signals and/or use your handheld VHF to contact the visual signals and/or use your handheld VHF to contact the approaching SAR vessel. approaching SAR vessel.
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Search and Rescue Transponder Search and Rescue Transponder SARTSART
Since the radar UHF signals can only effectively travel in a straight line, the Since the radar UHF signals can only effectively travel in a straight line, the distance from which a SART can be activated by a radar is dependent on its own distance from which a SART can be activated by a radar is dependent on its own height and the height of the interrogating radar scanner. height and the height of the interrogating radar scanner.
Most SARTs have an extendible handle to help in positioning it as high as Most SARTs have an extendible handle to help in positioning it as high as possible in the life raft or lifeboat. The SART should be secured outside the possible in the life raft or lifeboat. The SART should be secured outside the canopy of the life raft. Operating it from inside the life raft will greatly reduce its canopy of the life raft. Operating it from inside the life raft will greatly reduce its effectiveness.effectiveness.
The IMO design criterion requires that a SART mounted at a height of one meter The IMO design criterion requires that a SART mounted at a height of one meter must be detectable by a ship's radar with a scanner height of 15 meters must be detectable by a ship's radar with a scanner height of 15 meters at ,distance of at least 5 miles. Test results indicate that a ship's radar will at ,distance of at least 5 miles. Test results indicate that a ship's radar will usually detect a SART laying flat on the floor of a life raft at around 1.8 miles. If usually detect a SART laying flat on the floor of a life raft at around 1.8 miles. If the SART is upright on the floor the detection range increases to about 2.5 miles. the SART is upright on the floor the detection range increases to about 2.5 miles.
A normal detection range for a SART mounted two meters above sea level by an A normal detection range for a SART mounted two meters above sea level by an average ship's radar is about seven to ten miles. A search aircraft equipped with average ship's radar is about seven to ten miles. A search aircraft equipped with an X-band radar should be able to detect it from at least 30 miles when flying at an X-band radar should be able to detect it from at least 30 miles when flying at an altitude of around 3,000 feet.an altitude of around 3,000 feet.
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Search and Rescue Transponder Search and Rescue Transponder SARTSART
SARTs only broadcast your relative location SARTs only broadcast your relative location to nearby rescue vessels already looking for to nearby rescue vessels already looking for you. you.
They do not alert SAR Authorities of your They do not alert SAR Authorities of your emergency.emergency.
They do provide an audible and visual They do provide an audible and visual notification when they are interrogated by a notification when they are interrogated by a rescue vessel’s radar. This may help alleviate rescue vessel’s radar. This may help alleviate the panic you may experience when seated in a the panic you may experience when seated in a life raft at sea.life raft at sea.
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EPIRB Registration and your Float EPIRB Registration and your Float PlanPlan
Before departing the dock, file a Float Plan with Before departing the dock, file a Float Plan with at least 2 responsible individuals. These at least 2 responsible individuals. These individuals should have multiple means of individuals should have multiple means of contact to ensure contact can successfulcontact to ensure contact can successful
Use the same contacts on your EPIRB Use the same contacts on your EPIRB registration so that SAR authorities contact the registration so that SAR authorities contact the people that have your correct information people that have your correct information
Every crew member should know how to deploy Every crew member should know how to deploy your EPIRB, without further assistance, when your EPIRB, without further assistance, when directed to do so.directed to do so.
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NAVTEX RECEIVERNAVTEX RECEIVER
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NAVTEXNAVTEX
The Furuno NX300 Navtex Receiver shown on The Furuno NX300 Navtex Receiver shown on the prior slide does not satisfy the GMDSS the prior slide does not satisfy the GMDSS requirements on a “Compulsory” vessel due to requirements on a “Compulsory” vessel due to the lack of a print function. This Navtex receiver the lack of a print function. This Navtex receiver is one of the more popular receivers on is one of the more popular receivers on “Voluntary” recreational vessels. To date, no “Voluntary” recreational vessels. To date, no one had made an issue of this.one had made an issue of this.
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Automatic Identification System, Automatic Identification System, AISAIS
The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a system The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a system used by ships and Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) used by ships and Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) principally for identification and locating vessels. AIS principally for identification and locating vessels. AIS provides a means for ships to electronically exchange provides a means for ships to electronically exchange ship’s data. ship’s data.
This information can be displayed in a tabular format on This information can be displayed in a tabular format on a stand-alone instrument screen or as an overlay on an a stand-alone instrument screen or as an overlay on an electronic chart plotter and/or radar screen. electronic chart plotter and/or radar screen.
AIS is intended to assist the ship’s crew and allow AIS is intended to assist the ship’s crew and allow maritime authorities to track and monitor vessel maritime authorities to track and monitor vessel movements. movements.
It works by connecting a radio transponder with an It works by connecting a radio transponder with an electronic navigation system such as GPS and other electronic navigation system such as GPS and other ship’s sensors.ship’s sensors.
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AISAIS
There are two major classes of AIS units:There are two major classes of AIS units:
Class A – An active system broadcasting Class A – An active system broadcasting ship’s data. Required on “Compulsory” ship’s data. Required on “Compulsory” vessels (and others in some countries). vessels (and others in some countries).
Class B – A passive receive only system for Class B – A passive receive only system for non-compulsory and recreational vessels. non-compulsory and recreational vessels.
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AISAIS A Class A AIS unit broadcasts the following information every 2 to A Class A AIS unit broadcasts the following information every 2 to
10 seconds while underway, and every 3 minutes while at anchor at 10 seconds while underway, and every 3 minutes while at anchor at a power level of 12.5 watts. The information broadcast includes: a power level of 12.5 watts. The information broadcast includes: • MMSI number MMSI number • Navigation status (as defined by the COLREGS - not only are "at Navigation status (as defined by the COLREGS - not only are "at
anchor" and "under way using engine" currently defined, but "not anchor" and "under way using engine" currently defined, but "not under command" is also currently defined) under command" is also currently defined)
• Rate of turn - right or left, 0 to 720 degrees per minute (input Rate of turn - right or left, 0 to 720 degrees per minute (input from rate-of-turn indicator) from rate-of-turn indicator)
• Speed over ground Speed over ground • Position accuracy – dependent upon position source Position accuracy – dependent upon position source • Position - Latitude and Longitude Position - Latitude and Longitude • Course over ground - relative to true north Course over ground - relative to true north • True Heading True Heading • Universal Time that the information was broadcast Universal Time that the information was broadcast
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AISAIS In addition, the Class A AIS unit broadcasts the following information In addition, the Class A AIS unit broadcasts the following information
every 6 minutes:every 6 minutes:• MMSI number MMSI number • IMO number - unique identification (related to ship's construction, IMO number - unique identification (related to ship's construction,
similar to an automobile’s VIN) similar to an automobile’s VIN) • Radio call sign - international call sign assigned to vessel, often Radio call sign - international call sign assigned to vessel, often
used on voice radio used on voice radio • Name of Vessel – limited to 20 characters Name of Vessel – limited to 20 characters • Type of ship/cargo Type of ship/cargo • Dimensions of ship - to nearest meter Dimensions of ship - to nearest meter • Location on ship where reference point for position reports is Location on ship where reference point for position reports is
located located • Type of position fixing device Type of position fixing device • Draught of ship - 1/10 meter to 25.5 meters Draught of ship - 1/10 meter to 25.5 meters • Destination – limited to 20 characters Destination – limited to 20 characters • Estimated time of Arrival at destination - month, day, hour, and Estimated time of Arrival at destination - month, day, hour, and
minute in UTC minute in UTC
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AISAIS
AIS limitationAIS limitation• Your AIS display shows only the data Your AIS display shows only the data
from the Class A AIS transponders. from the Class A AIS transponders. • This is generally limited to large This is generally limited to large
commercial shipping. commercial shipping. • Smaller, non-compulsory vessels, Smaller, non-compulsory vessels,
recreational vessels, and military recreational vessels, and military vessels do not broadcast their ship’s vessels do not broadcast their ship’s information information
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EEnd of Seminarnd of Seminar
Any QuestionsAny Questions??