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Instructor: Kieu Kim Lan Conclusions 2.1, I
CONCLUSIOFI 2.1-1 0 questions/l2'L hr a world of many trading
countries, tlie trade between two countries need not be balauced
for the trade of eacli
to be in global balance. Differing demands and productive
capabilities among countries will cause a specificcollntly to lrave
trade deficits with sorne countries and surpluses with other
countries.
Which of the following conclusions best summarizes the passage
above?
(A) A country's tiade will always be in balance everi tlrough it
runs a riefrcit witli a single country.(B) A eountry's trade
deficits and surpluses witlr other countries always balance out.(C)
A country's globaltrade balance is a sign of stlength or
weakness.(D) CoLrntries should not be concerned if they have trade
deficits because they will balance out in the long run.(E) A
country's global trade balance is determined by relative dernand
and productive capabilities.
2. Achtertisenrenl: Seven out of ten rrrunicipal employees
choose Green Arrow Underwriters as their health
insuranceprovider.
From the information provided in this advertisernent, what
further conclusion may be drawn?
(A) Green Arrow Underwriters has the cheapest premium rates of
any other insurauce oolnpany available.(B) All other health
insurance providers, excluding Green Arow Underwriters, provide
services to less tlran 50
percent of the municipal ernployees.(C) Mtrnicipal enrployees
need less health insurance coverage than employees in other
industries.(D) Green Arow Underwriters provides more valuable
seruices and better customer assistance than any of its
competitors.(E) Except for Green Amow Underwriters, the health
insurance industry is suffering a decline in the rate of
obtaining new customers.
3. An invasion of alien attacl
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Instructor: Kieu Kim Lan Conclusions 2.1, 2
5. Social security law is an evolving law that tries as far as
possible to reflect reality-to adjust to changes in and theneeds of
society.
Which of the following statements best summarizes the above?
(A) Legislation lags behind reality.(B) Social security law
gradually adapts itself to societal demands.(C) A good social
security system ought to reflect every change in social values.(D)
Changes in social conditions and needs imply the necessity for
changes in social security legislation.(E) We need to study social
needs.All high-powered racing engines have stochastic fuel
injection. Stochastic fuel injection is not a feature which
isnonnally included in the engines of production-tine vehicles.
Passenger sedans are production-line vehictes.
Which of tlre following conclusions can be drawn from these
statements?
(A) Passenger sedans do not usually have stochastic fuel
injection.(B) Stochastic fuel injection is found only in
high-powered racing cars.(C) Car manufacturers do not include
stochastic fuel injection in passenger cars because they fear
accidents.(D) Purchasers of passenger cars do not normally purchase
stochastic fuel injection because it is expensive.(E) Some
passenger sedans are high-powered racing vel'ricles.
Efficiency experts will attempt to improve the productivity of
an office by analyzingproduction produces intodiscrete work tasks.
They then study the organization of those tasks and advise managers
on techniques to speedproduction, such as rescheduling of employee
breaks or relocating various equipment such as the copyingmachines.
I have found a way to accornplish increases in efficiency with much
less to do. Office workers growincreasingly productive as the
temperature drops, so long as it does not fall below 68o F.
Tlre passage leads most naturally to which of the following
conclusions?
(A) Some efficiency gains will be short-term only.(B) To
maintain peak efficiency, an office manager must occasionally
restructure office tasks.(C) Ernployees are most efficient when the
temperature is at 68oF.(D) The temperature-efficiency formula is
applicable to all kinds of work.(E) Office workers will be equally
efficient at 67 " F and 69 o F.
The county legislature has finally, after ten years of legal
challenges, passed an antipollution ordinance. From areading of the
language, the legislation promises to be one of the rnost effective
bills in tlie history of the state.
Which of tlre following can be deduced frorn the passage?
(A) The pollution problem will be elirninated in the county.(B)
The pollution problern will be reduced in the county.(C) Pollution
is not now a problem irr the county.(D) Pollution will be reduced
in the state.(E) To reduce pollution, the legislation must now be
enforced.
6.
7.
8.
{ . ". " I
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lnstructor: I(ieLr Kim Lan Conclusions 2,1 , 3
Questions 9 & 10
Robelts is accused of a crime, and Edwards is tlie prosecution's
key witness.I. Roberls can be convicted on the basis of
Edvrards'testimony against him.II. Edwards' testimony would show
that Edwards lrirnseif participated in Robefts' wrongdoing.III. The
crime of which Roberts is accused can only be committed by a person
acting alone.iV. tf the;uty tearns tliat Edwards himself cornmitted
sorne wrong, ihey will refuse io believe any part of his
testirnony.
9- lf propositions I, II, and lll are assumed to be true and IV
false, which of the following best describes the outconreof the
trial?
(A) Both Edwards and Robefts will be convicted of the crime of
which Roberts is accused.(B) Both Edwards and Roberts will be
convicted of some crime other than the one with which Roberts is
alreadyclrarged.
(C) Roberts rvill be convicted wlrile Edrvards will not be
convicted.(D) Robefts will not be convicted(E) Roberts willtesti$,
against Edwards-I 0- If all four propositions are taken as a group,
it can be poirited out that the scenario they describe is
(A) A fypical situation for a prosecutor(B) impossible because
the propositions are logically inconsistent(C) Lrnfair to Edwards,
who may have to incriminated hirnself(D) unfair to Edwards, who may
be convicted of the crime(E) one which Robelts' attorney has
created
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Instructor: Kieu Kirn Lan Inference 2.1, I
INFERENCE 2.1-10 ques tions/ 12'I . Students need to spend more
time studying for standardized tests which colleges use in
selection of students. With that
test preparation scores could be raised and colleges would be
likely to admit the students who apply. Such investment ofstudy.
tirne could result in an improved student body at colleges and
universities.
Which of the following conclusions can most properly be drawn
from the information above?(A) lncreased study time could benefit
both the students and the institutions of higher education.(B)
Increased enrollments in colleges and universities is likely to be
accompanied by the creation of more jobs on
campuses across the nation.(C) Colleges and universities will
decrease their enrollments unless students indicate that they are
better prepared.(D) The low test scores have been a cause of
economic recession.(E) Low test scores lrave caused a decline in
education quality at colleges and universities across the
nation.
2. The American school system is getting more children who are
diverse and living in poverty. These children have
moredeficiencies; their needs are different and greater.
Which ofthe following statements is NOT supported by the above
conclusions?(A) Although the United States makes a tremendous
dollar expenditure for education, the deficit
in education seems to grow.(B) Many Americans remain
ill-prepared for the real world.(C) It costs more to educate the
children with many deficiencies and needs.(D) Tlre needs of all
these many children are not being met.(E) Education must be left to
the schools and not interfered with by the home.
3. In non-l'esidential areas where increased funds have been
allocated for night lighting, crime rates have
declineddramatically. With this crirne protection, individuals are
more likely to frequent the businesses, and business owners aremore
likely to locate in the area. The establishment of businesses in
many of these high crime areas can result in aninrprovemeut in the
economic level of certain areas of our cities and states.
Which of the following conclusions can most properly be drawn
from the infonnation above?(A) Allocations for lighting tend to
benefit citizens as weil as businesses.(B) Decreased profits are
likely to result from the installation of adequate night
lighting.(C) Businesses will decline to locate in new areas unless
adequate night lighting is provided.(D) The absence of adequate
night lighting has prevented the opening of many businesses and has
resulted in economic
recession.(E) An irrcrease in adequate night lighting would
increase the opening of businesses arrd result in increased
productivity
for our nation as a whole.
4. Opponents of a sales tax argue that it is a legressive tax: a
flat tax of, let us say, 5olo across the board rniglrt be, as
apercentage of incorne, close to or at 5%o for a poor person, but
will usually be, relative to income, much lower than thatlor a rich
pel'solr.
If the example in the statement above is accurate, which of the
following can be most reliably inferred fi'om it?{,4) Rich pecple
;ia)/ more ta;les than pocr pecple.(B) Most of the money collected
as taxes is taken from the incomes of poor people.(C) Riclt people
can affotd to pay high-priced accountants to find ways for them to
avoid paying taxes.(D) Poor people spend a larger percentage of
their income than rich people.(E) Rich people should pay higher
taxes because they can afford to.
5. Nutritionists and dentists offer contradictory advice to
parents with regard to the eating of Halloween candy.Ntrtritionists
advise parents to make tlreir cl,ildren eat a small amount of candy
each day over a long period of time.Derrtists advise parents to let
their children eat ali tire candy at once.
Assuining that the abo''ze passage is accurate, which of the
following statements can be inferred from it?(A) flte dentists and
the nutritionists carlnot both be right; only furtlrer research
will determine whicli advice is best.(B) Since experts ciisagree,
it is obvious that tlrey do not know as much as they clairn to.(C)
Dentists artd nirtt'itionists disagree because they are concemed
about completely different health problerns.iD) Eating all the
ca.ndy at oflce calrses more caviiies than eating the same amount
of candy over a longer period of tinre.(E) The dentists arc more
scientific in their approach io tlie problem.
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Irrstructor: Kieu Kirn Lan Inference 2.1,26. Due to an oil
embargo, the price of heating oil
irrvesteC in insulation for their homes. Then, asrvent back dowu
again.
in tlie United States soared. In order to cut heating costs,
some peoplea result ofnew exploration alrd increased conservation,
the price ofoil
(-t .
1.
Which of the following can be inferred frorn the passage?
(A) The governtnelrt should give a tax credit for insulation and
other energy-saving improvements.( B) As a result of new sources of
oil and decreased demand, therc was no longer a shortage of
supply.(C) The government should stockpile oil in case of amilitary
emergency.(D) The government should subsidize solar energy(E)
NLrclear power is the only alternative to dependence on foreign
sollrces of energy.Supply and demand can be easily dernonstrated
with tlie iirarket for onions as an exainple. Higher prices
eucouragefartners to produce tlore onions; Iow prices discourage
production. Tire consumers' reaction wlrenthe price is low istlrat
they waut a great many onions. At high prices, the consumer uses
other vegetables instead. Equilibrium is whensupply and deurand arc
equal.
Which of the following can be inferred fronr tlre passage?
(A) If the price is too high, fanlers will produce an
insufficient quantity of onions for the customers.(B) Competition
among farmers when prices are alreadv high will force the price
up.(C) If the price is too low, consurners will not demand alarge
quarrtify of onions.(D) The satumtion of the market with orrions
vrill force the price up.(E) The scarcity of onions will drive tlre
price up.Health edr:cation needs to be instituted into prcschool
child development programs across our nation. Unless we caubegin
proper healtlr lrabits in our citizenty at an early age, we cannot
hope to see the health of adults and seniorciiizei,s iiirproviiig
in the future. Investing in presclrool health education can benefit
society as a wiroie and may resuitin a finincial savings for
taxpayers who iow support the sick and disabled across the
land.
Which of the following conclusiorls call most properly be drawn
frorn the information above?{A) I{ealth edttcatioti for young
children tends to benefit these incJividuals.{ts) i-ieaith
eciucatiott for youug cirildren is iikely to be accompanieci by
tire creation of teaching jobs.(C) Society should decrease the
amount invested in the sick and disabled to encourage thern to do
what needs to be dole
on theil owu./l)\ Fnilrr'c fn
'r''^.,iJo fuealt[ eclucaticrt f3l.v,r,rrro ^hil.lr^,' hoe hc-,1
e ^ettcp nf otnnatni,iul ! 4:rrri! :u iriui':ur -luJii9 Lti;tulytI
ttuJ ugi;;i d Liiitsv ui cuuilutillo fCCgSSiOil.(E) Health
education for youtrg clrildrcn can benefit the children as
individuals and society as a whole.
L). i-lospital aclnlitrisirators, facittg a shortage of irained
nllrses, are considering two possible solutions: eitler give sorle
ofthe wolk pleviously clole by nu!'ses to paramedics or else raise
the salaries now paid to nurses.
Which of the followittg can be most reliably inferred from the
above infonnatiol?(A) Raising their salaries will increase the
supply of urtrses.(ii) i'jurses are generaiiy opposeci to iraving
some of their ciuties reassigneci to paraurerlics.(C) The shortage
of nurses willcause hospital costs to increase.(D) Paramedics would
be just as competent as nurses in doing most of the work now being
done by nurses.(E) lf some of the work lrow assigtred to uurses was
reassigned to paramedics, the nurses would have more time toattend
to patierits.
I 0. Concerired about receut news stories, the Depaftrnent of
Energy is encouraging the eleven states whic6 house
nuclearfhcilities (reactors, plants, weapor.ls assembling statious,
waste storage operations, and waste treatrnent processing)
tonronitor the facilities also.
Wltich of the following ntotives is most Iikely behind the
action described above?
(A) Double monitoring is another example of governrnental
rvaste.(B) Additiorral mortitorittg is an indication thatthe
federalgovernment does not have expertise in this area.(C) DoLrble
monitoring r.vas iustituted to help to create additionaljobs for
the work force.(D) DoLrble monitoring is to assure the pLrblic and
to insure the safety of the people.(E) The states should not be
involved in a feder.al project.
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Instructor: Kieu Kim Lan ion 2.1, I
ASSUMPTION 2.1-10 ques tionsl 12'l. Buy Plenty, a supermarket
chain, had successfully implemented an in-store promotional
campaign based on
viOeo mersages ilashed on a large screen. The purpose of the
campaign was to motivate customers to purchaseproducts which they
had not planned to buy belore they entered the store. The sales
manager of Build-It Inc., achain of do-it-your-self hardware
stores, saw the campaign and plans to introduce it in Build-It
locations.
.
The sales manager's plan assumes that
(A) supermarket and hardware products are the same(B) products
cannot be sold successfully without a video sales campaign(C)
supermarket chains do not sell hardware productsiOj .onru*er
decision making to buy products does not differ substantially when
it comes to both supermarket
and hardware products(E) in-store
"u*puignr are more effective than out-of-store advertising and
sales promotion
2. To prevent some conflicts of interest, Congress could
prohibit high-level government officials from acceptingpositions as
lobbyists for three years after iuch officiais leave government
service. One such official concluded,iro*"u"r, that such a
prohibition would be unfortunate because it would prevent high
level government officialsfrom earning a livelihood for three
years.
'The official's conclusion logically depends on which of the
following assumptions?
(A) Laws should not restrict the behavior of foflner government
officials.1e) mbbyists are typically people who have previously
been high-level government officials.iCi t-o*-i"uel government
omiiats do not often become lobbyists when they leave government
service.(Oj Higt-,-t"uel-government officials who leave government
service are capabie cf eaming a livelihood only as
lobbyists.(E) High-level government officials who leave
government service are currently permitted to act as lobbyists
for only three years.
3. If the airspace around centrally located airports were
restricted to ccmmercial airliners and only those privateplanes
equipped with radar, most of the private-plane traffic would be
forced to use outlying airfields. Such aiecluction in ihe amount of
private-plane traffic would reduce the risk of midair collision
around the centrallylocated airports.
The conclusion drawn in the first sentence depends on which of
the following assumptions?
(A) Outlying airfields would be as convenient as centrally
located airports for most pilots of private planes.(B) Irlost
outlying airfields are not equipped to handle commercial-airline
traffic.(C) i'iusi private planes that use centrally located
airports are noi equipped with radar.in; Con-r*"rcial iirliners are
at greater risk of becoming involveC in midair collisions than are
private planes.igj A reduction in the risk of midair collision
would eventually lead to increases in commercial-airline
traffic.
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4.
Irrstructor: Kieu Kim Lan Assumption 2.1, 2
5.
In_recent years rnany cabinetmakers have been winning acclaim as
artists. But since furniture must be useful,cabinetmakers nlust
exercise their oaft with an eye to the practical utility of their
product. For this reason,
.cabirretmaking is not aft.
Which of the 1'ollowing is an assumption that supports drawing
the conclusion above from the reason given forthat conclusion?
(A) Sonie furniture is made to be placed in museums, where it
will not be used by anyone.(B) Some cabinetnrakers are more
concerned than others with the practical utility of ihe products
they pr-oduce.(C) Cabinetmakers slrould be more concerned with the
practical utility of their pioducts ihan they cuireptly are.(D) An
object is not an art object if its maker pays attention to the
object's praciical utility.(E) Artists.are not concemed with the
monetary value of their products.A f-anious singer recently won a
Iavrsuit against an advertising firm for using another singer in a
comnrercial toevoke the famous signer's well-known rendition of a
certain Jong. As a result of the lawJuit, advertising firmswill
stop using imitators in commercials. Therefore, advertising costs
will rise, since famous singers, se-rvicescost more than those of
their irnitators.
The conclusion above is based on which of trre foilowing
assumptions?
(A) Most people are unable to distinguish a famous signer's
rendition of a song from a good imitator,srendition of tlre same
song.
(B) Cornmercials using famous singers are usually rnore
effective than commercials usilg imitators of farnoussingerc.
.(C) The original versions of some well-known songs are
unavailable for use in commercials.(D) Advertising firms will
continue to use irnitators to mimic the physical mannerisrns of
famous singers.(E) The adveftising industry will use well-known
renditions of songs in commercials.In order to ensure a successful
vote on the issue ofabortion rights, the governor is pressuring the
leaders oftlrestate political palty to replace seveml delegates to
the national convention. The gou"r,lo. is insisting that
cefiainindividuals with a liistory of voting in favor of abortion
riglrts be replaced witli n-ew delegates who Lave votedagainst
abortion rights in the pa,st.
The governor's actions demonstrate that he is making which of
tlie following assumptions?
(A) Voting on aboftion issues is an impoftant part of the
national political agenda.(B) The cul'rent delegates will probably
not share the governor's views on such issues as tlie national
budgei oi-federzrl spending limits.
(C) The p|oposed new delegates will continue to vote on aboftion
issues in the same way that they have vote inthe past.
(D) The naiional deiegation wiii not have an opportunity to vote
on any issues other than aborlion rights.(E) Covernors of other
states will be making similar changes to their siates'
clelegations, so tlrat the issue ofabortion rights will be
guaranteed to be decided as thii governor desired.
6.
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Instructor: Kieu Kim Lan Assumption 2.1, 3
7. To travel on public transportation from City Hall to the
convention center, the most direct route requirespassengers to ride
the Blue Bus line to Center Street, collect a token at Center
Street station, then ride thesubway to Middle Street. This weekend
there will be a big political rally, so the city should hire extra
token.vendors for the Center Street station.
.
The conclusion for the preceding argument depends upon which of
the following assumptions?
(A) The mayor will be working at City Hall this weekend and will
need to use public transportation to go to tlieconvention
center.
(B) There is no way to get from City Hall to the convention
center without going through the Center Street station.(C) The
political rally will draw thousands of people to the city from all
paris of the state.(D) Because of the political rally, traffic at
the Center Street station will increase.(E) The city's public
transportation system does not allow passengers to buy tokens in
advance.
8. Today is Tuesday and yesterday was Monday. Therefore,
tomorrow will be Wednesday.' This speaker's conclusion depends dn
which of the following assumptions?
(A) Wednesday is the day that precedes Thursday.(B) Tuesday
always follows Monday.(C) If, in any given week, Tuesday follows
Monday, then Wednesday will follow Tuesday.(D) Every week consists
of seven days arranged in a particular order.(E) The speaker always
schedules a certain meeting to occur on Wednesday.
9. In the animal world, when any species becomes overpopulated,
naturalists observe that the animals begin fighting'among
themselves and become cannibalistic. Sociologists have been
reporting for years that the human population
. of the world is growing at an uncontrollable rate, and the
world's cities will be overpopulated in about ten years. Asa
result, human societies will begin experiencing a global breakdown
and we can expect an international war withinthe next ten
years.
Which of the following statements represents a hidden assumption
upon which the preceding argument depends?
(A) Human social behaviors follow the same patterns as the
behaviors of animals.(B) Major cities do not always have adequate
budgets to provide resources for all their residents.(C)
Naturalists and sociologists use the same research methods in
studying their subjects and reporting results.(D) The study that
showed cannibalistic patterns in animals studied only carnivorous
animals,(E) The population of the world has doubled in the past
five years, and its rate of growth will increase even
faster in the future.
I0. Ms. Evangeline Rose argued that money and time invested in
accluiring a professionai degree are totallywasted. As evidence
supporling her argument, she offered the case of a man who, at
considerable expense ofmoney and time, completed his law degree and
then married and lived as a house-husband, taking care of
theirchildren and working part time at a day care center so his
wife could pursue her career.
Ms. Rose makes the unsupported assumption that
(A) an education in the law is useful only in pursuing
law-related activities'(B) what was not acceptable 25 years ago may
very well be acceptable today(C) wealth is more important than
learning{D) professional success is a function of the quality of
one's education(E) only tlie study ofiaw can be considered
professional study
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lnstructor: l(ieu Kirn Lan Except 2.1, I
EXCEPT 2.1-10 questions/lS'I . lt is clear tlrat celebrities,
despite their wealth, are more troubled, otl average than are
people who are not
fouuds. This is evidenced by the high concentratiou of nrovie
and television stars seen regularly on Wilshire.Boulevarcl in
Beverly Hills, an exclusive city in Los Angeles County. There,
tliey are often spotted walkingirrto ancl oLrt of the facilities of
many well-known psychiatrists and plastio surgeons.
. Wliiclr of the following would LEAST weaken the author's
claims?
(n) Vuny "B-movie" actors cannot afford to hire plastic
sulgeons.(B) Oldiuary citizens often forgo mental-health treatment
and cosmetic surgery for finarrcial reasons.
. (C) Troubled people are not rnove likely to pursue plastic
surgery than are thqir emotionally stable' cornrterparts.
(D) People of modest financial means are much less likely to be
seen rvalking in exclusiveareas.(E) Patients of psychiatrists
differ fronr those not seeking such tt'eatment prinrarily in ternrs
of awareness of
tlreir ou,n enrotional vulnerabiIities.
2. As urole and more clelical tasks arc perforrned at
video-display terminals aud over telephone littes, sotneenrployers
'ar:e taking advautage of the equiplnent to monitor employee
perfot'tnarrce. Those employers clailnthat suclr monitoling
increases efficiency, since it enables them to provide much more
frequent feedback toernpIoyers on theil perfornrance
Each ol'the follorving, if true, casts doubt on the employers'
claim repofted above EXCEPT:
(A) Creater efficiency ou the phst of employees does not
necessarily result in higher-quality products orservices.
'(B) 'lhe pressure that monitoring creates on employees to
complete tasl
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lnstructor: I(ieu Kim Lan Except2.l,2
4. Garbage.dumps do not hann wildlife. Evidence is fumished by
the Masal-Mara reserve in Kenya, wherebaboons that use the garbage
dumps on the reserve as a food source mature fastei'and have more
offspring thando baboons on the reserve that do not scavenge on
garbage
'Eaclr of the following statements, if true, casts doubt on the
argunrent EXCEPT:
(nj fne baboons that feed on the garbage dump often get injured
while foraging. : '(B) The life expectancy of baboons that eat
garbage is significantly lower than tliat of baboons that do not
eat garbage.(C) Tlre cholesterol level of garbage-eating baboons is
darrgerously higher than that of baboons that do not eat
garbage.(D) The populatiort of hyenas thatlive near uuregulated
garbage landfills norlh of the reserve has doubled in
' the last two years.' (E) The rate of birtli defects for the
baboon population on the reserve has doubled since the first
landfills were
opened.
5. Russia's aggressive fishing irr the prime fishing grounds of
the Northern Pacific has lecl to a sharp decline inthe sLi;rply of
many fish and a geneml increase r'n the price of seafood. This
sarne pattern has occurred with far
, too tnany of our Scarce vital natural lesources, resulting in
high prices for many products. It is likely thelr, that'the prices
of seafood will continue to rise in the near future.
In tnaking the argument above, the author relies on all of the
following assumptious EXCEPT:
(A) The price of fish is a determining factor in the cost of
seafood.(B) AIr itrcrease in the price of fish leads to an iucrease
in the price of seafood.(C) There u,ill not be any substantial
decrease in other sosts to make seafood that could keep the price
of
seafood fi'om irrcleasilrg.(D) Fish populations will not recover
in the lrdar future.(E) Fishing practices catr substantially
influence tlre demand for seafood.
6. Jhe crux of creativity resides in the ability to manufacture
variations on a theme. If we look at the history ofscience, for
instaltce, we see that eveiy idea is bLrilt upon a thousand related
ideas. Careful analysis leads us tottnclerstand that wltat rve
cltoose to.call a new theine or a new discovery is itself aiways
and witlrout exception
.
. solne sort of variation, on a deep level, of previoLls
themes.
lf all of the statettreuts in the passage are true, each of the
following must also be true EXCEPT:
(A) A lack of ability to mattufacture a variation on a previous
theme connotes a lack of creativity(B) No ssientific idea is
entirely independent of all other ideas.(C) Cal'eftrl analysis of a
specific variation cal reveal previor-rs tlremes of which it is a
variation.(D) All great scientific discoverers have been able to
manufacture a variatiou on a therne.(.8) Sonre new sciettfific
d.iscoveries do not represent, on a deep level, a variation on
previous themes.
7 . Executive: "lf all etnployees receive a salaly cut, then we
could increase our profits by 25 percent. Because ourmain objective
is our bottorn line figures, we must recluce tlre salaries of our
ernployeis."
Executive: "If we redttce the salaries of our employees, then
our profits will be increasecl by 25 percen t. Siuce.\\/e are
aiured to increasing our profits, we have to reduce our employee's
salaries".
pach of the followirig statements weakens the executive's
argLrment for reducirig employee salaries EXCEPT:
(A) AIr iltcrease in the price of the products willlead to an
increase in profit.iA; Reducirtg employee's salaries will have an
emotional impact on the ernployees by causing theln to be less
efficieut, ivhich lvill negatively affect the company's
profitability..
(C) Because oi it:creasecl competition, profits are lower now
than they have been in the last five years.. (D) Tlte recent
econonric recessiol.r.is affecting the contpany's profitabili[2,
hovrever they are Iikely to recover
in tlre nexi fer,r, rironths.(E) Intpleuie r:tirtg technical
innovations rvill increase the company's costs by more ihan 20
percellt.
-
lnstlr.rctor: t2.1,3
B. A stpdy was taken i11 Mexico to compare native Mexican rnilk
cows witlr Canadian milk cows. The studysl,orvecl tlrat tlre
Canadian
"o*s *"r" far superior in rnilk production than those of Mexico.
Tlrerefore the
Urriterl States need not to be concerned by a decline in
domestic rnilk prodLrction if local milk cows aresubstituted rvith
Canadian milk cows.
'The argunrent in the passage assullles eaclt of the following
gkCppt:
(A) Urritecl States fanritand is better suited for Canadian cows
to adapt their foraging habits wlten conrpared to
(B) il:l?:'$i1#,"#:ilm15:X'1,11'ilff;::il"T':l'31i11,,," as
those curtivated in the united States(C) The process of milk
production by local cows is far rnore time consuming in the Untied
States than in Mexico.(D) ln the United States a significdnt
propodion of milk production comes from the South, r,vlrere
mill