- 1. Glucagonoma is a very rare tumor of theislet cells, exclusively localized in thePancreas, which leads to an excess ofthe hormone glucagon in the blood. Glucagonoma originates from the Alpha2 cells of the Pancreas.
2. (1) Viklund, A. (Photographer). (2009). Mouse islet of langerhans immunostained for glucagon. [Web Photo]. Retrieved fromhttp://biochemistryquestions.wordpress.com/category/hormones-q/A glucagon secreting pancreatic tumor(glucagonoma). 3. There is no particular race specifications. The frequency in males and females is equal,although greater incidences are reported infemales. The average age it effects people is 55 yearsold but has been seen between the ages of19-84. Very rare- There has only been 2705 recordedcases of endocrine pancreatic tumors in theU.S. over a 28 year period ending on January1, 2003. Glucagonoma with islet cellneoplasms accounting for only 1.3% ofpancreatic cancer. 4. Occurs exclusively in the Pancreas, but cancercells can spread to the Liver. Rash on the Head Shoulders Knees And Toes Typically targets feet, abdomen, buttocks, face,and legs. But not until we say so. 5. (2, 3, 4) Jackson, L. (Photographer). (2009). Glucagonoma. [WebPhoto]. Retrieved from http://drugster.info/ail/pathography/1367/A crusty or scaly rash that occurs all over the body. It mayalso be raised sores or lesions filled with clear fluid or pus. 6. The cause is unknown But, a family history of the syndrome multiple endocrine neoplasia type one, which is a tumor syndrome, is a risk factor 7. Glucagon overproduction Diarrhea Excessive thirst Frequent urination Increase in appetite Inflamed mouth and tongue Night time urination Skin rash that comes and goes Unintentional weight loss High blood pressure Glucose intolerance Some cases lead to depression 8. The cancer can spread to the liver High blood sugar levels can cause metabolicproblems Tissue damage High rate of Thromboembolitic complications(blood clot) Pulmonary embolisms 9. Surgery to remove the tumor Usually doesnt respond to chemotherapy Currently, there are no drugs used to treatGlucagonoma Providing a supplemental protein supply in orderto furnish amino acids is useful Administration of fatty acids and minerals is alsouseful 10. Approximately 60% of tumors aremalignant If it is contained in the pancreas, theperson has approximately a 5 year survivalrate of 85% Some patients live over 20 years withouttherapy if benign 11. (5,6) Martinez, I. (Photographer). (2005).Glucagonoma and necrolytic migratory erythema. [Web Photo]. Retrieved from http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?pid=S1130- 01082005000600008&script=sci_arttextSevere skin rash in a 54 year old male who also suffered from severe weight loss. The skin rash cleared within aweek after the operation and the patient remains free ofdisease at 38 months following surgery. 12. (7) McGevna, L. (Photographer). (2010). Glucagonoma. [Web Photo].Retrieved from http://endocrinediseases.org/neuroendocrine/glucagonoma.shtmlThe rash develops in about 70% of patients, often before other symptoms arise. The skin conditioncommonly begins as red lumps and plaques in the perineum (the area between the genitals and anus), groins, or abdomen, and it may migrate to the extremities. 13. Image (1) Viklund, A. (Photographer). (2009). Mouse islet of langerhansimmunostained for glucagon. [Web Photo]. Retrieved fromhttp://biochemistryquestions.wordpress.com/category/hormones-q/ Image (2, 3, 4) Jackson, L. (Photographer). (2009). Glucagonoma. [Web Photo].Retrieved from http://drugster.info/ail/pathography/1367/ Image (5,6) Martinez, I. (Photographer). (2005). Glucagonoma and necrolyticmigratory erythema. [Web Photo]. Retrieved fromhttp://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?pid=S1130-01082005000600008&script=sci_arttext Image (7) McGevna, L. (Photographer). (2010). Glucagonoma. [Web Photo].Retrieved from http://endocrinediseases.org/neuroendocrine/glucagonoma.shtml Dugdale, D. (2010, December 28). Glucagonoma. Retrieved fromhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001367/ WebMD. (2011, May 23). Glucagonoma. Retrieved fromhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/118899-overview A.D.A.M. (2012, February 7). Glucagonoma. Retrieved fromhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000326.htm Kahn, D. (2011, June 3). Glucagonoma. Retrieved fromhttp://www.uptodate.com/contents/glucagonoma-and-the-glucagonoma-syndrome
