Glossary

Date: Feb 18, 2014Page: Table of Contents p 19

W.O.D: Last 3 pages Warm-ups: Front Cover

W.O.D. Villi – Tiny, finger-like projections in the intestinal lining that absorb nutrients.(Latin: “shaggy hair”)

Question: Why is there a hair-like lining in the intestines?

Glossary

15.1

Functions: mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

       *absorption of nutrients

Consists of alimentary canal and accessory organs

Digestion Questions

1. What are the organs of the alimentary canal?2. What are 2 ways the stomach digests food?3. What is the main function of the small

intestine?4. What is the main function of the large

intestine?5. What are accessory organs? List 3.

Organs of the Alimentary Canal have food passing directly through them.

• Mouth• Esophagus• Stomach• Small intestine• Large intestine• Rectum

 Peristalsis - Contractions mix food with digestive juices and push food down the tube

Esophagus

Stomach

The 3 layers of muscle churn food in the stomach, while acids and enzymes break down the food.

Chyme - paste, after food has been broken down, released then into the duodenum via the pyloric sphincter valve

Rugae - folds within stomach

Gastric Pits contain glands to make juices 

The main function of the small intestine is to secrete chemicals that break down food and carry the nutrients away in the blood stream.  In one word:

ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS

Function of Large IntestineSecretes mucus,  reabsorbs water, contains bacteria to aid in digestion  (intestinal flora)

Mass Movements (defecation) - removes undigested food

The main job is  WATER REABSORPTION...

Intestinal villi - increase surface area to absorb nutrients, connect to vessels

Accessory Organs –Organs which aid in digestion, but do not have food passing directly through.

• Pancreas• Liver• Gallbladder• Spleen• Appendix

PANCREAS - secretes insulin which breaks down sugars

Pancreatic Juice also breaks down fat

 Liver 1 large right lobe, 1 smaller left lobe

Liver Functions1.  blood glucose levels2.  breakdown of lipids and fats3.  protein metabolism4.  stores vitamins5.  destroys damaged RBCs6.  removes toxins7.  secretes bile

1.  esophagus2.  liver3.  stomach5.  duodenum6.  pancreas7.  jejunum8.  ileum10. appendix11.  ascending colon12.  descending colon13.  sigmoid colon14.  anus15 Gall bladder and bile duct (not labeled)

Small intestine

Largeintestine

For the coloring, use one color for all parts of the small intestine, and one color for all of the large intestine.

Reflection:What is peristalsis?