GHS - Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals The European Approach GLOBALLY HARMONIZED SYSTEM (GHS) PHYSICAL HAZARDS Hazard classes and hazard categories* Label elements NEW** Label elements OLD Explosives • Unstable explosives • Explosives, divisions 1.1 to 1.3 Self-reactive substances, mixtures, types A, B Organic peroxides, types A, B H200 H201, H202, H203 H240, H241 H240, H241 Danger (R2, R3) Explosive Explosives, division 1.4 H204 Warning No classification Flammable gases, category 1 Flammable aerosols, category 1 Flammable liquids, category 1 H220 H222 H224 Warning /Danger (R12) (R12) R12 Extremly flammable Flammable liquids, category 2 Flammable solids, category 1 Flammable solids, category 2 H225 H228 H228 R11 (R11) (R11) Highly flammable Flammable aerosols, category 2 Flammable liquids, category 3 H223 H226 Warning No symbol (R10) R10 Flammable No classification flashpoint 56-60°C Pyrophoric liquids, category 1 Pyrophoric solids, category 1 Substances, mixtures which in contact with water emit flammable gases, categories 1, 2 and category 3 H250 H250 H260 H261 H261 Warning /Danger R17 R17 (R15) (R15) (R15) Highly flammable Self-reactive substances, mixtures, type B Self-reactive substances, mixtures, types C, D and types E, F Self-heating substances, mixtures, category 1 and category 2 H241 H242 H242 H251 H252 R12 R12 Highly flammable Organic peroxides, type B Organic peroxides, types C, D Organic peroxides, types E, F H241 H242 H242 R7 R7 Oxidising Oxidising gases, category 1 Oxidising liquids, categories 1, 2 and category 3 Oxidising solids, categories 1, 2 and category 3 H270 H271, H272 H272 H271, H272 H272 Danger/ Warning R8 R8, R9 R8, R9 Oxidising Gases under pressure • Compressed gases • Liquefied gases • Refrigerated liquefied gases • Dissolved gases H280 H280 H281 H280 Warning No classification Corrosive to metals, category 1 H290 Warning No classification * Based on Annex I Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 for all hazard categories with GHS pictograms ** Based on the translation table of Annex VII Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 *** Specific Target Organ Toxicity HEALTH HAZARDS Hazard classes and hazard categories* Label elements NEW** Label elements OLD Acute toxicity, categories 1, 2 • Oral • Dermal • Inhalation H300 H310 H330 Danger R28 R27 R26 Very toxic Acute toxicity, category 3 • Oral • Dermal • Inhalation H301 H311 H331 R25 R24 R23 Toxic Germ cell mutagenicity, categories 1A, 1B Carcinogenicity, categories 1A, 1B Reproductive toxicity, categories 1A, 1B STOT***, single exposure, category 1 STOT***, repeated exposure, category 1 H340 H350 H360 H370 H372 Danger R46 R45, R49 R60, R61 R39 R48 Toxic Respiratory sensitisation, category 1 Aspiration hazard, category 1 H334 H304 R42 R65 Harmful Germ cell mutagenicity, category 2 Carcinogenicity, category 2 Reproductive toxicity, category 2 STOT***, single exposure, category 2 STOT***, repeated exposure, category 2 H341 H351 H361 H371 H373 Warning R68 R40 R62, R63 R68 R48 Acute toxicity, category 4 • Oral • Dermal • Inhalation H302 H312 H332 Warning R22 R21 R20 Skin corrosion, categories 1A, 1B, 1C H314 Danger R34, R35 Corrosive Serious eye damage, category 1 H318 R41 Irritant Skin irritation, category 2 Eye irritation, category 2 Skin sensitisation, category 1 STOT*** after single exposure, category 3 • Respiratory tract irritation H315 H319 H317 H335 Warning R38 R36 R43 R37 Irritant • Narcotic effects H336 No symbol R67 ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute, category 1 Hazardous to the aquatic environment, chronic, category 1 H400 H410 Warning R50 R50/53 Dangerous for the environment Hazardous to the aquatic environment, chronic, category 2 H411 R51/53 This poster is only a simplified and exemplary view on GHS. A direct conversion from GHS to the former EU classification and labelling is not possible.
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GHS - Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of ChemicalsThe European Approach
GloBally
HarmoniZed
SySTem (GHS)
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Hazard classes and hazard categories* Label elements NEW** Label elements OLD
Explosives• Unstable explosives• Explosives, divisions 1.1 to 1.3
Self-reactive substances, mixtures, types A, BOrganic peroxides, types A, B
Pyrophoric liquids, category 1Pyrophoric solids, category 1Substances, mixtures which in contact with water emit flammable gases, categories 1, 2 and category 3
H250H250H260H261H261
War
ning
/Dan
ger
R17R17(R15)(R15)(R15)
High
lyfla
mm
able
Self-reactive substances, mixtures, type BSelf-reactive substances, mixtures, types C, D and types E, FSelf-heating substances, mixtures, category 1 and category 2
H241H242H242H251H252
R12R12 Hi
ghly
flam
mab
le
Organic peroxides, type BOrganic peroxides, types C, DOrganic peroxides, types E, F
H241H242H242
R7R7
Oxid
isin
g
Oxidising gases, category 1Oxidising liquids, categories 1, 2 and category 3Oxidising solids, categories 1, 2 and category 3
* Based on Annex I Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 for all hazard categories with GHS pictograms** Based on the translation table of Annex VII Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008*** Specific Target Organ Toxicity
ntSkin irritation, category 2Eye irritation, category 2Skin sensitisation, category 1STOT*** after single exposure, category 3
• Respiratory tract irritation
H315H319H317
H335 War
ning
R38R36R43
R37
Irrita
nt
• Narcotic effects H336 No symbol R67
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute, category 1Hazardous to the aquatic environment, chronic, category 1
H400
H410 War
ning R50
R50/53
Dang
erou
s fo
r the
env
ironm
ent
Hazardous to the aquatic environment, chronic, category 2 H411 R51/53
This poster is only a simplified and exemplary view on GHS. A direct conversion from GHS to the former EU classification and labelling is not possible.
GHS - the new system for the classification and labeling of chemicals in the EUIntroduction of the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) for Classification and Labeling of Chemicals and their mixtures in the European Union
GloBally
HarmoniZed
SySTem (GHS)
NEw GHS REGULaTIoNOn January 20, 2009 the regulation (EC) no. 1272/2008, called the GHS or CLP Regulation, entered into force.
It regulates the classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP: Regulation on Classification, Labeling and Packaging of substances and mixtures) and as of 2015 will completely replace the European Dangerous Substances Directive 67/548/EEC as well as the Dangerous Preparations Directive 1999/45/EC.
The CLP Regulation is based on the recommendation of the UN, the so-called ‘Globally Harmonized System’ (UNGHS, or “purple book”), that can be traced back to the sustainability conference in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 (Agenda 21, Chapter 19).
wHaT wILL CHaNGE?Labeling must take place in accordance with the CLP as of December 1, 2010 for substances and as of June 1, 2015 for mixtures, however this labeling is already allowed as of now.
Regardless of which labeling law is selected within the transition periods, only one form of labeling is allowed on the label - either in accordance with the old law or the new one. The old classification in accordance with directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC must still be provided in the safety data sheet until June 1, 2015.
The long transition period for the labeling systems (2009 - 2015) is intended to ensure that all of the relevant parties - public authorities, companies and stakeholders - are able to concentrate their resources on the new obligations in a timely manner.
The new European CLP Regulation is based on the previous system of classification and labeling as it represents a compromise between the established systems in North America and the EU.
The most noticeable feature is the change in the labeling symbols: instead of the hazard symbols with black printing on orange-yellow rectangles that have been used to date, now nine hazard pictograms with black symbols on a white background with red-rimmed rhombuses are used to provide warnings (Annex V, CLP Regulation). While most of the nine hazard pictograms correspond to the well-known hazard symbols, the pictograms GHS 04, GHS 07 and GHS 08 are completely new. The St. Andrew’s cross (Xn/Xi) that has been used to date no longer exists.
GHS01 Exploding bombs GHS02 Flame GHS03 Flame over circle
GHS04 Gas cylinder GHS05 Corrosion GHS06 Skull and crossbones
GHS07 Exclamation mark GHS08 Health hazard GHS09 Environment
The previous “nomenclature for hazards” (e.g. toxic, harmful to health), that were assigned to the hazard symbols have now been replaced by the two “signal words” ›Danger‹ or ›Warning‹. R and S sentences have been replaced by H and P statements (hazard and precautionary statements).
CoNSEqUENCES FoR SUbSTaNCESInstead of being assigned to one of 15 ›hazardous properties‹ (also called hazard categories) as in the past, substances are now categorized into ›hazard classes‹ and ›hazard categories‹ (Annex I, Part 2-4 of the CLP Regulation). With the new regulation there are now 16 classes for physical dangers, 10 for health hazards and two classes for environmental dangers that apply in the EU. While the danger classes indicate the type of danger, the danger categories are used for indicating levels within the classes.
Physical dangersExamples for new PC danger classes are ›gases under pressure‹, ›self-reactive substances‹ and ›self-heating substances‹. In the case of explosive characteristics that were previously determined using the intrinsic properties of the substance (thermal and mechanical sensitivity), the classification scheme that was originally developed for the transportation of dangerous goods - which is also based on the testing of packaged substances - has now been adopted.
Health hazardsInstead of the nine old hazardous properties, in accordance with the CLP regulation the health hazards are subdivided into 10 hazard classes: for the ‘acute toxicity’, ‘skin or respiratory tract sensitization’, ‘reproductive toxicity’ and ‘specific target organ toxicity - single exposure’ hazard classes, various routes of exposure or modes of action are differentiated (e.g. acute / chronic).
A further significant change is that substances which are acutely toxic are now labeled with a skull and crossbones if the LD50 (the dosage of a substance that proves fatal for 50% of the laboratory animals when consumed) lies between 200 - 300 mg/kg (oral) or 400 - 1000 mg/kg (dermal), and are still labeled with the St. Andrew’s cross (Xn) in accordance with previous EU criteria. The classification of gases is also changing due to the GHS criteria.
Environmental hazardsThe CLP Regulation intends the ›hazardous to aquatic environmental‹ class to be used mainly for environmental dangers, which are divided into acute and chronic hazards to the aquatic environment. Furthermore, the CLP Regulation contains a second danger class, ›hazardous to the ozone layer‹, which does not however have its own pictogram.
CoNSEqUENCES FoR mIxTURESThe rules have changed for the classification of mixtures (previously preparations) in particular: there is a greater freedom of evaluation than before. An expert evaluation is granted more freedom to deviate from the standard criteria. In addition, as a ›supplier‹ (previously: ›distributor‹), it will become possible for a company to determine specific concentration limits for many hazard classes itself. The European Commission plans to have guidelines created for this.
In particular, the classification of mixtures with regard to the level of irritation they can cause has been tightened. The concentration limits used to classify mixtures have been lowered by a factor of 3-5 such that now the “exclamation mark” or “corrosion” hazard pictograms will be attached to considerably more mixtures.
LISTS oF SUbSTaNCES FoR CLaSSIFICaTIoN aNd LabELINGThe regulations for the ›classification and labeling inventory‹ have been moved from the Chemical Regulation 1907/2006 (Reach, Art. 112 - 116) to the CLP Regulation (Art. 39 - 42). Annex I of the Dangerous Substances Directive 67/548/EEC has been deleted and transferred to the CLP Regulation (Attachment VI, Part 3, Table 3.2) - including a translation into the new system (Table 3.1).
Furthermore, as a rule only those substances and inhalation allergens which are carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic will have a legally binding classification and labeling. The classification of all additional chemicals available on the market should be carried out by December 1, 2010 by the respective ›supplier‹ itself, and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) should be notified. All classifications will then be published on the internet.
How do wE PREPaRE oURSELvES FoR THE NEw SySTEm?This flyer is a good first step. A guide to the GHS provides further insight: in the fall of 2007 the German Federal Environmental Agency (at the time still using the draft CLP as a basis) published the GHS, which is intended to provide the manufacturers and formulators with a basic understanding of the new regulation (see below for web link).
For further information consult the website of your local Competent Authority, for example in the UK, the HSE - http://www.hse.gov.uk/ghs/eureg.htm
Label old labeling New labeling
Substances Permitted until 1.12.2010. (Stocks: + 2 years) Permitted as of 20.1.2009 mandatory as of 1.12.2010
Mixtures Permitted until 1.6.2015. (Stocks: + 2 years) Permitted as of 20.1.2009 mandatory as of 1.6.2015
Safety data sheet old classification New classification
Substances Mandatory until 1.6.2015 Permitted as of 20.1.2009 mandatory as of 1.12.2010
Mixtures Mandatory until 1.6.2015 Permitted as of 20.1.2009 mandatory as of 1.6.2015