Globalization and Management www.profmanishparihar.blogspot.com
Jan 13, 2015
Globalization and Management
www.profmanishparihar.blogspot.com
Topics (1 hour each)
• Part 1: – Introduction to Globalization– Definition– Pros & cons of globalization– Building global management skills
• Part 2:– Global healthcare organization: Doctors
without borders– Case study: Medical tourism in India
The Shrinking Globe
1500 -1840 1850 - 1930 1950s 1960s
Best average speed ofhorse-drawn coachesand sailing ships, 10mph.
Steam locomotivesaverage 65 mph.Steamships average36 mph.
Propelleraircraft300 - 400mph.
Jetpassengeraircraft,500 - 700mph.
Globalization
1975 8% of world’s countries had a
free-market system
2007 38% had one with $1644 bn FDI
Evidence of Globalization
World trade increased more than:– 20x between ’50 and ’98 – 25x from ’70 to ’02
FDI annual flows increased more than: – 10x from ’84 to ’98, or– 50x between ’75 and ’02
More evidence of Globalization
By 2000, 60,000 parent companies:– operated away from home markets
through 500,000 subsidiaries / affiliates
– Produced US$11 trillion in global sales, 25% of global output
US, Japanese, Western European companies the major investors in Europe, Asia, and North America
Globalization of Markets
Distinct/separate markets merging into a huge global marketplace– Mostly NOT consumer product markets– Mostly industrial products
MNCs creating global marketplaceMNCs more vulnerable to competition
in their home markets
“Drivers” of Globalization:Technological Change
Globalization of markets and production– result of lowering of trade barriers– enabled by technological change
Telecommunications and microprocessors
The internet and the world-wide webTransportation technology
Global Telecommunications
Globalization: A Preliminary Definition
“an unprecedented compression of time and space reflected in the tremendous intensification of social, political, economic, and cultural interconnections and interdependencies on a global scale.”
Stegler, p. ix
• time-space compression
• deterritorialization
From Wikipedia:
• Globalization refers to the increasing unification of the world's economic order through reduction of such barriers to international trade as tariffs, export fees, and import quotas.
Positive effects of globalization
• Industrial• Financial• Economic• Political• Informational• Ecological• Cultural• Technical
Negatives:
• Income inequality
• Brain drains
• Sweat shops
• Illicit goods trade
Opening question:
How can we best prepare today’s managers for tomorrow’s global challenges?
14
Building Global Management Skills
GlobalGlobal Management Management
SkillsSkills
Integration of management
and cross-cultural skills
(p. 37)
Types of Global Managers
Expatriates Frequent flyers Virtual managers
Management Focus • Long-term• Face to face• Live in foreign country
• Short term• Face to face• Frequent visits
• Remote • Work through technology
Mode of communication
Mostly face to face Mixed face-to-face and virtual
Mostly virtual
Key success factors
• Deep knowledge of local culture
• Local language• Local business environment
• Global business issues
• Understanding of cultural issues
• Multilingual skills important
• Deep understanding of global issues
• Some understanding of cultural differences and variation in business practices
• Multilingual skills useful
Cultural challenge Regional myopia: overemphasis of local versus global
Global myopia: overemphasis of global versus local
Technological myopia: ignore impact of culture on uses and applications of technology
16 (p. 29)
Globalization: Stylized Shifts
(c) Venkatraman, 2008
Globalization 1.0
(c) Venkatraman, 2008
18
One of the First Global Corporations…
(c) Venkatraman, 2008
Globalization 2.0
(c) Venkatraman, 2008
21
Globalization 2.0 Infrastructure
(c) Venkatraman, 2006
22
Globalization 2.0 Infrastructure
(c) Venkatraman, 2006
23
(c) Venkatraman, 2006 24
Globalization 3.0
Globalization 3.0 is about IT-enabled work
(c) Venkatraman, 2008
25
Engineering
Legal
Medical
Software
BPOCall Centers
Tech Support
??
R&D
Analytics
??
??
Services
Design??
Where’s it designed? Where is it manufactured?
(c) Venkatraman, 2006
26
Globalization through digital networks..
(c) Venkatraman, 2008
27
Remote, Connected Work
(c) Venkatraman, 2006
28
Globalization 3.0:Early observations….
(c) Venkatraman, 2008
29
It’s not all about accent neutralization!
(c) Venkatraman, 2008
30
Globalization 3.0: Early Experimenters
(c) Venkatraman, 2008
31
Part 2
Global healthcare organization: Doctors without borders
Case study: Medical tourism in India
Globalization in Healthcare
33
(c) Venkatraman, 2008
Heart Bypass
U.S.: $130,000Singapore: $18,500Thailand: $11,000India: $10,000
Photo: EastShore Hospital, SingaporeData: Business Week, The EastShore Hospital is an International
Member of Blue Cross, Blue Shield ofSouth Carolina..
Heart Valve Replacement
U.S.: $160,000Singapore: $12,500Thailand: $10,000India: $9,000
Photo: Apollo Hospital, Chennai. IndiaData: Business Week, The Apollo Hospital is an International
Member of Blue Cross, Blue Shield ofSouth Carolina..
Angioplasty
U.S.: $57,000Singapore: $13,000Thailand: $13,000India: $11,000
Photo: Bumrungard International Hospital , BangkokData: Business Week, 35,000 Americans traveled to Bangkok in 2007
for this treatment
Hip Replacement
U.S.: $43,000Singapore: $12,000Thailand: $12,000India: $9,000
Photo: Gleneagles, SingaporeData: Business Week,
US Private equity firm, TPG has taken a controllinginterest in the Parkway Group that owns the hospital.
Hysterectomy
U.S.: $20,000Singapore: $6,000Thailand: $4,500India: $3,000
Photo: a subsidiary of Wockhardt in Mumbai, IndiaData: Business Week,
Active discussions with US insurers
Knee Replacement
U.S.: $40,000Singapore: $13,000Thailand: $10,000India: $8,500
Photo: St. Luke’s Hospital in ManilaData: Business Week,
Early stage infrastructure; not yet world-class..
Spinal Fusion
U.S.: $62,000Singapore: $9,000Thailand: $7,000India: $5,500
Photo: Tiantan Puhua Hospital, Beijing, ChinaData: Business Week,
Experimental stem cell treatments, not availablein the USA..
Article Discussion:
Globalization of health care:
Discuss article on “Medical Tourism in India”
(Wharton Business School)
Discussion points:
• “India has the highest potential in medical tourism in the world”. Do you agree? Why?
• Give examples of Indian Hospitals taking advantage of medical tourism.
• Is “medical tourism” the correct terminology to describe overseas medial care?
Discussion points:
• It is said that the biggest beneficiary of medical tourism in the world is U.S… Why is that so?
• Are the government policies friendly for Indian Medical Tourism?