Global Terrorism

GLOBAL TERRORISM

Faheem Ul Hasan

Acts that intend to create fearActs that intend to create fear

These acts are perpetrated for an ideological goal.These acts are perpetrated for an ideological goal.

These also may include acts of unlawful violence & warThese also may include acts of unlawful violence & war

Civil disorders :Civil disorders :

a form of collective violence interfering the peace & security and normal functioning of a form of collective violence interfering the peace & security and normal functioning of the community.the community.

Political terrorism Political terrorism : :

violent behavior designed primarily to generate fear in the community for political violent behavior designed primarily to generate fear in the community for political purpose purpose

Non- political terrorism : Non- political terrorism :

terrorism is not aimed at political purpose but exhibit conscious design to create & terrorism is not aimed at political purpose but exhibit conscious design to create & maintain high degree of fear.maintain high degree of fear.

Official / state terrorism Official / state terrorism ::

Referring to nations whose rule is based upon fear & oppression that reach Referring to nations whose rule is based upon fear & oppression that reach similar to terrorism . These are terrorist act carried out by government in similar to terrorism . These are terrorist act carried out by government in pursuit of political objectives.pursuit of political objectives.

Sri lanka - LTTE (Liberation Tigers Of Tamil Elam )Sri lanka - LTTE (Liberation Tigers Of Tamil Elam )

Campaign against the Sri Lankan government since 1970 Campaign against the Sri Lankan government since 1970

Headed by Vellupillai PrabhakaranHeaded by Vellupillai Prabhakaran

Objective is to create a separate Tamil stateObjective is to create a separate Tamil state

Attracts the Tamil youth who are dissatisfied by government’s role towards concerns of the Tamil Attracts the Tamil youth who are dissatisfied by government’s role towards concerns of the Tamil

communitycommunity

China China

Primarily committed by separatist militants in the Xinjiang, Uyghur & Tibet autonomous regions .Primarily committed by separatist militants in the Xinjiang, Uyghur & Tibet autonomous regions .

Aim is that Uyghur gains independence from China and want to establish a state of East TurkistanAim is that Uyghur gains independence from China and want to establish a state of East Turkistan

Pakistan :Pakistan : Results mainly because of its support of terrorist activities in its neighboring Results mainly because of its support of terrorist activities in its neighboring

countries namely in India & Afghanistan.countries namely in India & Afghanistan. Pakistan’s intelligence agency ISI accused of playing a role in major terror attacks Pakistan’s intelligence agency ISI accused of playing a role in major terror attacks

all over the globe like September 11, 2001 , Mumbai train blasts, London bombing, all over the globe like September 11, 2001 , Mumbai train blasts, London bombing, Varanasi bombingVaranasi bombing

ISI also supports Taliban forces & in recruiting & training mujahedeen .ISI also supports Taliban forces & in recruiting & training mujahedeen . Terror groups are:Terror groups are: Al-Qaeda, Lashkar- e -Omar, Lashkar – e –Toiba, Sipah-e-saba.Al-Qaeda, Lashkar- e -Omar, Lashkar – e –Toiba, Sipah-e-saba.

Jammu & Kashmir: Jammu & Kashmir: JKLF( Jammu & Kashmir liberation front) - split into 2 headed by Amanullah khan JKLF( Jammu & Kashmir liberation front) - split into 2 headed by Amanullah khan

& Yasin Malik. Objective was to achieve independence & Yasin Malik. Objective was to achieve independence These activists are supported by people expelled from POK (Pakistan occupied These activists are supported by people expelled from POK (Pakistan occupied

Kashmir)Kashmir)

E.g.: Hijacking Of Indian Airlines FlightE.g.: Hijacking Of Indian Airlines Flight Killing of Indian deputy high commission in BirminghamKilling of Indian deputy high commission in Birmingham Operate from London.Operate from London. ISI gained entry into India because of them. ISI gained entry into India because of them.

Bihar : Bihar : Existence of groups like Ranvir Sena, Balbir militias as they frequently Existence of groups like Ranvir Sena, Balbir militias as they frequently

attack policemen & politicians.attack policemen & politicians. There are massacres due to caste groups. There are massacres due to caste groups. This state is also the transit point for fake currency, drug deals from Nepal & This state is also the transit point for fake currency, drug deals from Nepal &

Bangladesh.Bangladesh.

Assam: Assam: ULFA ( United Liberation Front Of Assam):ULFA ( United Liberation Front Of Assam): 2 goals: Independence of Assam & establishment of socialist government2 goals: Independence of Assam & establishment of socialist government ULFA has links with Naxalites. Most of their operations are carried out from Kingdom ULFA has links with Naxalites. Most of their operations are carried out from Kingdom

of Bhutan.of Bhutan.

Andhra PradeshAndhra Pradesh Naxalites major operate in the Telangana district. Their objective is to create equality Naxalites major operate in the Telangana district. Their objective is to create equality

in society, hence attack the rich & powerful.in society, hence attack the rich & powerful. E.g.: attempts of assassination of former AP- CM, Mr. Chandrababu Naidu, targets E.g.: attempts of assassination of former AP- CM, Mr. Chandrababu Naidu, targets

senior officials as well.senior officials as well.

The State Police and its intelligence set- The State Police and its intelligence set- upup

The National Intelligence communityThe National Intelligence community Physical security agenciesPhysical security agencies Paramilitary forcesParamilitary forces The ArmyThe Army Intelligence-sharing with other countriesIntelligence-sharing with other countries

The state police and its intelligence set-upThe state police and its intelligence set-up: :

Under federal Constitution, the responsibility for policing and maintenance of law Under federal Constitution, the responsibility for policing and maintenance of law and order is given to individual states. The central government in New Delhi and order is given to individual states. The central government in New Delhi provides advice, financial help, training and other assistance to strengthen their provides advice, financial help, training and other assistance to strengthen their professional capabilities.professional capabilities.

The national intelligence communityThe national intelligence community: : This consists of the internal intelligence agency (the ministry of home affairs' This consists of the internal intelligence agency (the ministry of home affairs'

Intelligence Bureau), the external intelligence agency (the Cabinet secretariat's Intelligence Bureau), the external intelligence agency (the Cabinet secretariat's Research and Analysis Wing), the Defense Intelligence Agency that was set up a Research and Analysis Wing), the Defense Intelligence Agency that was set up a year ago, and the intelligence directorates general of the armed forces.year ago, and the intelligence directorates general of the armed forces.

The Army: The Army: They are defenses last resort when the police and paramilitary forces They are defenses last resort when the police and paramilitary forces

fail to cope with a terrorist circumstances. But in view of Pakistan's large-scale fail to cope with a terrorist circumstances. But in view of Pakistan's large-scale infiltration in Jammu and Kashmir, the army has a more active, permanent role in infiltration in Jammu and Kashmir, the army has a more active, permanent role in counter-terrorism operations here. What India is facing in J&K is not just terrorism, counter-terrorism operations here. What India is facing in J&K is not just terrorism, but a proxy war being waged by the Pakistani armed forces through its but a proxy war being waged by the Pakistani armed forces through its jihadijihadi surrogates.surrogates.

Intelligence sharing with other countries :Intelligence sharing with other countries : Even before 9/11, arrangements for Even before 9/11, arrangements for intelligence-sharing on terrorism amongst the agencies of different countries existed. intelligence-sharing on terrorism amongst the agencies of different countries existed. 9/11 brought the realization that terrorism is an absolute evil whatever be the cause 9/11 brought the realization that terrorism is an absolute evil whatever be the cause and that unless the intelligence agencies of the world network themselves as and that unless the intelligence agencies of the world network themselves as effectively as the terrorist organizations, they might not be able to eradicate this effectively as the terrorist organizations, they might not be able to eradicate this menace. This has improved intelligence-sharing.menace. This has improved intelligence-sharing.

The UN has 13 universal conventions against terrorism The UN has 13 universal conventions against terrorism

The Security Council resolution 1373, the most important which comprises ofThe Security Council resolution 1373, the most important which comprises of Prevention and suppression of terrorist financingPrevention and suppression of terrorist financing International cooperationInternational cooperation Prevention and criminalization of terrorist actsPrevention and criminalization of terrorist acts Establishment of the Counter-Terrorism CommitteeEstablishment of the Counter-Terrorism Committee

Steps Initiated by the US Government:Steps Initiated by the US Government:

Designated Terrorists and Their Supporters Designated Terrorists and Their Supporters Freezing of Terrorist Assets Freezing of Terrorist Assets Improved Coordination at Home Improved Coordination at Home International Cooperation, Outreach and Coordination International Cooperation, Outreach and Coordination Improving Domestic Tools to Stop Financing TerrorismImproving Domestic Tools to Stop Financing Terrorism

Cyber-TerrorismCyber-Terrorism Biological warfareBiological warfare Nuclear ThreatNuclear Threat Corporate Hijackings Corporate Hijackings

Cyber-TerrorismCyber-Terrorism:: The world is getting flatter, transactions are held in cyberspace, The world is getting flatter, transactions are held in cyberspace, everything is going the electronic way. This new e-era is the next zone for wars and everything is going the electronic way. This new e-era is the next zone for wars and terrorist activities. More and more terrorist are becoming tech savvy and have terrorist activities. More and more terrorist are becoming tech savvy and have come to understood the true potential for waging war in cyberspace. Hacking come to understood the true potential for waging war in cyberspace. Hacking financial institutions, decrypting military networks and gathering sensitive financial institutions, decrypting military networks and gathering sensitive information has become the new theme for terroristsinformation has become the new theme for terrorists

Biological warfareBiological warfare: : A terrorist group is likely to conduct an attack using biological A terrorist group is likely to conduct an attack using biological weapons by 2020, according to a report released Thursday by a CIA think tank. weapons by 2020, according to a report released Thursday by a CIA think tank. Acts of bioterrorism would be "particularly suited" to these smaller and better-Acts of bioterrorism would be "particularly suited" to these smaller and better-informed terrorist groups, indeed, the bioterrorist's laboratory could well be the size informed terrorist groups, indeed, the bioterrorist's laboratory could well be the size of a household kitchen, and the weapon built there could be smaller than a toaster.of a household kitchen, and the weapon built there could be smaller than a toaster.

Terrorist use of biological agents is therefore likely, and the range of options will Terrorist use of biological agents is therefore likely, and the range of options will grow. The report also warns of the development of advanced biological weapons grow. The report also warns of the development of advanced biological weapons agents and the possible development of chemical agents intended to circumvent agents and the possible development of chemical agents intended to circumvent the verification regime of the Chemical Weapons Convention.the verification regime of the Chemical Weapons Convention.

Nuclear ThreatNuclear Threat: More and more countries are arming themselves with nuclear : More and more countries are arming themselves with nuclear weapons andweapons and terrorists could obtain a nuclear weapon. They are expected to terrorists could obtain a nuclear weapon. They are expected to continue to attempt to do so over the next 15 years through theft or purchase, continue to attempt to do so over the next 15 years through theft or purchase, particularly in Russia or Pakistan. The likelihood that a terrorist attack involving a particularly in Russia or Pakistan. The likelihood that a terrorist attack involving a nuclear weapon occurs before 2020 cannot be ruled out.nuclear weapon occurs before 2020 cannot be ruled out.

Corporate HijackingsCorporate Hijackings: Since the global economy is going the electronic way another : Since the global economy is going the electronic way another way for the terrorists to vent out crimes could be kidnapping and hijacking the big way for the terrorists to vent out crimes could be kidnapping and hijacking the big Corporates. A countries economy is generally built on its corporate houses and a Corporates. A countries economy is generally built on its corporate houses and a hostile takedown of several of the large corporate houses could result in the hostile takedown of several of the large corporate houses could result in the economy tumbling this threat is eminent and very real.economy tumbling this threat is eminent and very real.

USA : safest country to reside , the steps taken by the nation generally are very USA : safest country to reside , the steps taken by the nation generally are very quick & very effective quick & very effective

Security checks in the nation will have quadrupled by then – borders & airports.Security checks in the nation will have quadrupled by then – borders & airports. People may have to carry baggage which are totally transparent.People may have to carry baggage which are totally transparent. Vigilant regarding the steps or moves taken by other nations.Vigilant regarding the steps or moves taken by other nations. Aims : Controlling Lebanon's HezbollahAims : Controlling Lebanon's Hezbollah

Promoting success of Iraqi election processPromoting success of Iraqi election process

Securing oil-fields in Arabian gulf region.Securing oil-fields in Arabian gulf region.

Al-Qaeda :Al-Qaeda : Regional war against America Regional war against America

aims at opening a jihadist triangle of terror aims at opening a jihadist triangle of terror beginning with Afghanistan, Iran , South Iraq & beginning with Afghanistan, Iran , South Iraq & ending with Southern Turkeyending with Southern Turkey

Will aim at USA not achieving its objectivesWill aim at USA not achieving its objectives

Agro-terrorism : terrorist groups would attack the poorer so that there will be a huger Agro-terrorism : terrorist groups would attack the poorer so that there will be a huger disparity between the rich & the poor . disparity between the rich & the poor .

Done by introducing certain malicious plants & animal pathogens to cause Done by introducing certain malicious plants & animal pathogens to cause devastating disease in agriculture sectordevastating disease in agriculture sector

Increase in bio-terrorism : release of biological agents ( bacteria, viruses) affecting & Increase in bio-terrorism : release of biological agents ( bacteria, viruses) affecting &

killing large number of humans , plants & animals. Anthrax attacks, plague.killing large number of humans , plants & animals. Anthrax attacks, plague. Environmental terrorism : this would enhanceEnvironmental terrorism : this would enhance Target would be the natural resources - bombing of the mines, destruction of forests.Target would be the natural resources - bombing of the mines, destruction of forests.

Terrorism based on religion: it would certainly enhance Terrorism based on religion: it would certainly enhance

Unity should become our strengthUnity should become our strength

If not controlled it may spread like an If not controlled it may spread like an epidemic.epidemic.

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