Global Technology Trends in Solar PV Power : R&D and Commercial 5 th November, 2012 Dr. B. Bhargava.

Global Technology Trends in Solar PV Power : R&D and Commercial

5th November, 2012

Dr. B. Bhargava

Solar Photovoltaic Energy

Solar Cells : Technology Options

Crystalline Silicon solar cells- Single, Multi, Ribbon

Thin Film solar cells- Silicon, a-Si, m-Si, CdTe, CIGS

Concentrating solar cells- Si, GaAs

Dye, Organic, nano materials & other emerging solar cells

Solar Cell Best Efficiencies: World

HIGHEST SOLAR CELL EFFICIENCIES (WORLD)TECHNOLOGY AREA EFF. GROUP SQ. CM. %Si SINGLE CRYSTAL 4.00 24.7 UNSW Si MULTI CRYSTAL 1.00 20.3 FhG-ISEa-Si SINGLE JUNCTION 1.00 12.7 SANYOa-Si TRIPLE JUNCTION 0.27 13.5 USSCa-Si/µc-Si(nc-Si) 1.20 10.1 KanekaCdTe 1.00 17.3 First

SolarCIGS 1.00 19.6 NRELSi FILMS 4.01 16.6 Stuttgart

UniversityDYE 1.00 11.0 SharpOrganic 1.0 10.0 MitsubishiGaAs (500 x) 0.4 40.7 SPECTROLABSi/GaAs (20 x) 0.4 42.8 Delaware Univ,

TECHNOLOGY AREA EFF. Group SQ. CM. %

SINGLE CRYSTAL 64.00 19.7 CEL MULTI CRYSTAL 100.00 16.8 Tata BP a-Si SINGLE JUNCTION 1.00 12.0 IACS a-Si MULTI JUNCTION 1.00 11.5 IACS a-Si/µc-Si(nc-Si) 1.00 9.0 IACS CdTe 1.00 12.0 NPL CIGS 0.41 13.0 IISC Si FILMS 0.98 8.7 JadavpurDye Sensitized 1.00 9.5 Amrita Organic cells 1.00 6.2 NPL

Solar Cell Best Efficiencies: India

Crystalline Silicon Solar Module Efficiency

TYPICAL IN PRODUCTION

INTERNATIONAL INDIAN

SINGLE CRYSTAL 15 – 20.4 % 14 – 17 %

MULTI CRYSTAL 13 – 16% 13 – 16%

World PV Production Growth

GW

World PV Market and Production: 2011

World Top 10 PV Manufacturers: 2011

3

2.8

2.4

2.3

2.2

2

1.9

1.7

1.5

1.5

LDK

Sharp

Suntech

First Solar

JA Solar

Canadian

Trina

Yangli

Hanwah

Jinko

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

GW

World: 2011 PV Equipment Suppliers

LocationCapacity

MWpTechnolog

yPerovo. Ukraine 100 c-siSarnia, Canada 92 CdTe Montalto di Castro, Italy  84 c-SiFinsterwalde, Germany  83 c-Si Ohotnikovo, Ukraine 80 c-SiSenftenberg, Germany 78 c-Si Lieberose, Germany  71 CdTe Rovigo, Italy  70 c-SiOlmedilla de Alarcón, Spain 60 c-Si Boulder City, USA 55 CdTe

World Top 10 PV Plants: 2011

Major PV Markets : 2010 & 2011

Solar for India Most parts of India

receive good solar radiation 4- 7 kWh/sq. m/day

Possible to meet growing energy demands and cover deficit areas

Can substantially reduce consumption of kerosene and diesel for lighting and power generation

Provide access and empowerment at grass root level

15

Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission is one of

the major global initiatives in promotion of solar energy technologies, announced by the Government of India under National Action Plan on Climate Change.

Mission aims to achieve grid tariff parity by 2022 through

- Large scale utilization and rapid diffusion and deployment of solar technologies across the country at a scale which leads to cost reduction

- R&D - Local manufacturing and support

infrastructure

16

JNNSM Road MapApplication segment Target for

Phase I (2010-13)

Cumulative Target for

Phase 2 (2013-17)

Cumulative Target for

Phase 3 (2017-22)

Grid solar power incl. roof top & distribution grid connected plants

1,000 MW

100 MW

4,000 MW10,000 MW

20,000 MW

Off-grid solar applications

200 MW

1,000 MW 2,000 MW

Solar collectors 7 million sq

meters

15 million sq

meters

20 million sq meters

17

JNNSM Strategy Graduated deployment to nucleate critical mass till costs come down and thereafter rapid scale up

Consultative process to finalize the guidelines

Enabling policy and regulatory frame work

Supporting Utility scale power generation

Expanding off-grid applications

Accelerating Research and Development

Enhancing Domestic manufacturing base

Fiscal Incentives

100% Foreign Direct Investment Zero Customs & Excise Duties on solar cells,

modules and many raw materials and grid power projects

5% Customs and Excise duty on many other raw materials, components

Tax - holiday for (i) setting up units in backward and specified areas; and (ii) grid power projects

80% accelerated depreciation in the first year for certain capital investments

Grant for carrying out research and development and technology validation projects

20 23 36 45 65 80135

240

300

600

20 22 25 32 37 45

110

175

240

320

2001-022002-03

2003-042004-05

2005-062006-07

2007-082008-09

2009-102010-11

Year

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Pro

du

ctio

n in

MW

SolarCell

PVModule

Growth in Indian PV Production

Indian PV Industry More than 80 companies, with installed capacity of over 1.8

GW make PV modules (As of March, 2012)

- 15 companies manufacture solar cells (> 700 MW installed capacity)

Manufacturing of various raw materials, components, devices and systems is coming up/expanding (Poly silicon, wafers, glass, EVA, back sheet, grid inverters, off-grid BoS, structures etc.)

Production capacity of 3-5 GWp likely by 2020

20

Status of PV in India

Lights90

Pumps14

Off grid Plants62

Grid Plants1044

Railways55

Telecom65

Others270

Int Projects1000

2600 MW : 53,00,000 SYSTEMS 30/09/2012

Grid Solar PV Power Plants in India

1044 MW capacity new Grid Solar Power projects commissioned by September, 2012 in 16 States

22

Gujarat680

Rajasthan199

A. P.22

Maharashtra20

Jharkhand16

T. N.15

Karnataka14

Others80

PV Capital Cost & CERC Tariff Trends

Proposed Cost Goal for PV : 2017

PV Module : < Rs. 30 per Wp

BoS : < Rs. 25 per Wp

Cost of Electricity : ~ Rs. 4 - 6 per kWh

24

Projection for Grid Parity in India

26

R&D Strategy Research at Academic/ Research Institutions on

materials and devices with long-term perspective

Applied Research on existing processes and developing new technologies

Technology Validation aimed at field evaluation of materials, components and systems

Development of Centers of Excellence on different aspects of Solar Energy in research and education & Testing and Characterization

Support for Incubation and Innovation

International collaborations – institutional/industrial

R&D in PV- Focus on development of materials, devices and BOS including

storage materials and methods- Identify research goals and thrust areas of research - Support research across the entire value chain - Involve industry in research and technology validation projects- The outcome of the research should lead to (i) improvements

in the efficiencies, (ii) reduction in the material and energy consumption in manufacturing, (iii) improving the reliability, quality and life expectancy of the balance of system components.

This will lead to achieving grid tariff parity during 2015 - 2017

Recent Initiatives in PV R&DDevelopment of poly silicon material (Maharishi

Solar)20 -22% efficiency single crystal silicon cells (IIT-

Mumbai)10 – 12% efficiency nano crystalline thin film

modules(IACS-Kolkata, HHV-Bangalore, NPL-New Delhi, BES University,-Howrah)

12- 15% efficiency CIGS cells (Moser Baer. NPL, KIIT University)

10- 12 % efficiency Dye sensitized cells (Amrita Nano Centre, IIT-Kanpur)

6% efficiency organic-inorganic hetero junction cells (IIT-Delhi, Delhi University)

Recent Initiatives in PV R&DLong term performance evaluation and training facility

for Grid Solar PV Power at KPCL, Bangalore Long term performance evaluation and testing of solar

lights at TERI University, New Delhi

Long term performance evaluation of PV modules at SEC

Development of batteries (CECRI-SEC)

Development of inverters (IIT-B, BES University)

30

Solar Energy Centre

Solar Energy Centre (SEC) near New Delhi under the Ministry is the lead Centre for testing and training in solar energy in the country

SEC has NABL accredited testing facilities for PV module qualification as per Indian and International standards

SEC is imparting training in solar energy at various levels

SEC is regularly conducting international training programmes in solar energy

Demonstration of several solar PV and thermal applications including setting up of 1 MW capacity solar thermal simulation and validation facility at SEC is under progress

Solar PV outdoor test bed at SEC

Type of Solar cell Present Status

Production (R&D)

Conversion efficiency target(%)

2012 2017 2022

Single Crystal silicon solar cell

15 – 17% (19.7%)

18 (20) 22(24) 24 (26)

Multi Crystal silicon solar cell

14.5 – 16.5% (16.8%)

17 20(22) 22 (24)

Thin-film a-Si solar cell (Single/multi jn)

5 – 7%

(9 – 12%)

8 (13) 10 (14) 12 (15)

Thin-film a-Si/mc Si or nc tandem solar cell

(11%) 9(12) 13 (16) 16 (20)

Polycrystalline solar cell

Cd Te (12%)

CIGS (13%)

13 (16) 18 (22)

(15) 15(20) 20(25)

Type of Solar cell Present Status

Production (R&D)

Conversion efficiency target(%)

2012 2017 2022

Dye/ organic nano based solar cell

(3-9.5%) (5 -12) 7-9 (15) 12-15 (20)

Multi junction Conc solar cell GaAS group

-- 35(40) 40 (43)

Conc Cells Si - 25 (28) 27 (30)

Module Life

in years

25 25 > 30 > 35

ConclusionsIndian policies have created investment

friendly environment in the country for entire range of activities announced under the Mission

India centric R&D and local manufacturing necessary to reduce the cost to achieve grid parity preferably by 2015-17

Partnerships necessary with global stakeholders

India to be a major global player in PV technology

Thank You

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