Global Project Egypt LM CA MR

TableOfContents

•  L.M:Intro,Rituals,SacredAnimals,Myths,Conclusion,Bibliography.

•  M.R:Intro,Culture,Government,EnvironmentalCondiEons,Geography,Conclusion,Bibliography.

•  C.A:Intro,RulersinEgypt,Intro,SocialClasses,Intro,Math/Science/Technology,Bibliography.. L.M

IntroducEontotheEgypEanReligion

•  EgypEansareknownfortheiruniqueculture.Theirtemples,FesEvals,deserts,myths,andotherthingsthatnoothercountryhas.

•  CommonEgypEanritualsknownaroundtheworldaremummificaEonandtheburying.

•  ReligionpracEcallycontrolsthewholeEgypEanculturebecauseofitsimportance.

•  EgypEanreligionisn’tactuallya‘religion’,butactuallyavariaEonofdifferentyetsamereligionsinteracEng.

•  EgypEangodsareusuallyhalfhumanandhalfanimal,usuallysacred.

•  Pharaohs,EgypEanKings,arethoughttobegodwhileMesopotamiaKingsrepresentgod.

•  Suchsacredanimals,suchasbulls,cats,andcrocodiles,areanimalsyouseealotinEgypttoday.

•  EgypEangodsarelikesuperman,immortalwithsuperiorpowercomparedtohumans.

•  EgypEansbelieveintheaQerlifeandarepolytheisEc,whichmeanstheybelievemorethanonegod.

•  Therearemorethan200godsandgoddesses.

•  TheyworshipmanydeiEes.

L.M.

EgypEanRituals•  Likehumans,godsneedtoeat,drink,andbeclothed(whichreally

isn’taneed).Theyalsoneedtobepurifiedinordertosupporttheirstrength.Thisisprovidedthroughrituals.

•  Intemples,therearestatuesofaspecificgod,usuallythegodthatrepresentsthatcity.Theyaretobewashed,perfumed,anddressedinclotheswithoccasionaljewelrydaily.

•  SomeregionshavefesEvalsonaannualbasis,andsomearesomefamousand/orimportant,itaWractedpeoplefromfarawayland(touristaWracEon)

•  AnotherritualthatearlyEgypEansarefamousofismummificaEon,whereadeceasedperson’sbodyisembalmedinclothingaQerseveralprocedures.

•  MummificaEonProcedures:1.  RightaQerthepersondies,thepriestssayprayersoverthebody,

thenperformsalastaWempttorevivethatperson.2.  Bodyisthenpurified,thentakentoanembalmer’sworkshopwhere

alltheorganswouldberemovedandstoredincanopicjars,thenthebodywouldbepackedwithnatron,atypeofsalt.

3.  Thebody,aQer40daysofpreservaEon,isthenmummified,wrappedinbandages.

4.  ThechiefembalmerwouldworeajackalmasktorepresentAnubis,whoisthegodofmummificaEon,protectoroftombs.

5.  ItemsthatareusableintheaQerlifewouldbeputinthetombalongsideofthemummy,thenthe“openofthemouth”ritualwasperformed,whereitgivesthedeadtheabilitytospeak,eat,andusetheirbodyevenaQerdeath.

•  Templesweredwellingplacesforgods.•  Thepriest’sdutywastocareandaWendtothegod’sneeds,funeral

rites,teachingschools,supervisingthearEstsandworks,andadvisingpeoplewiththeirproblems.

•  EgypEansthoughtdeathisastageinaprogresstoabeWerlifeinthenextworld.

•  YoucouldonlyreachfullpotenEalaQerdeath.

L.M.

SacredAnimals•  WorshipinganimalsarealargepartoftheEgypEandailylife

andculturebecauseanimalsaretheclosestcontactwiththedeiEes.

•  Themostfamousandpopularanimal,isthecat,thesacredandrespectedbeast.TheyarealsoaintegralpartoftheancientEgypEanfamilylife.

•  MafdetisthefirstEgypEanfelinedeity,Bastetisthemostfamouscatgoddess,andSekhmet,aferociouslioness‐goddess,counterpartofthegentlecat‐goddessBastet.

•  BastethastherolesofferElity,toprotectthechildrenandcats.

•  SekhmetisthegoddessofdestrucEveforce,thereforeSekhmetandBastetbalanceeachotherout.

•  BubasEs,atomb/cemeteryforcats,containthemummifiedremainsofover30,000householdandwildcats.

•  Whenthecatdies,theownersshavetheireyebrowsingrief.

•  Catswereprotectedbygodsandthelaw.

•  PersiancollectedasmanycatstheycanstealinEgypt,thenduringbaWlewiththeEgypEans,releasedthenintothebaWlefield.Egyptquicklysurrenderedsotonotharmthecats.

L.M.

EgypEanMyths•  EgypEansalsohadmyths,liketheGreeks.Oneforeach

god.

•  ThemostfamousmythisthemainmythwhichisaboutOsiris,Isis,andHoruswherethemurderandrebirthofOsirisandhisson,Horustakingrevenge.

•  ThemythwasaboutthecycleofnatureanditsferElity,ittellsabouttheunityofEgyptandworksasanexplanaEonofsacredkingship.

•  The2chiefgodswereAmen‐RaandOsiris.•  Osirisisthegodoftheunderworld.

•  Amen‐RaistheancientEgypEansungod;supremegodoftheuniverse,andAmenandRawerecombinedduringprincipaldeity;Thebansupremacy.

•  Therearemanytalesofhowtheworldbegan.•  Thereisonelegendabouthowgodemergedfroma

sacredbluelotusthatgrewoutofmud.Anotherabouthowgodappearedasascarabbeetleonaeasternhorizon.

L.M.

Conclusion• AncientEgypEandailylife/culturewascenteredaroundtheirreligionasyouhaveseenintheslides.• EgypEanMythsarelikecopiesoftheGreekMyths,thedrama,thehumanfeatures,thepower.

• Religiousviewsofthingscangivedisadvantagesandweaknesses.

• MostritualslikeprayingaresupposedtobedoneeverydayandareveryimportanttoEgypEanculture.Ritualstakeupatleast10%ofeverybody’sdailyschedule.

L.M.

Bibliography•  Carr,Karen."EgypEanReligion”Kidipede‐HistoryforKids.2007.November16,2008.hWp://www.historyforkids.org/learn/egypt/religion/.•  “AncientEgypEanReligion”St.PetersburgTimes.1999.November16,2008.hWp://www2.spEmes.com/Egypt/EgyptCredit.4.3.html•  Beck,RogerB.Black,Linda.Naylor,PhillipC.Shabaka,DahiaIbo.“PyramidsontheNile”WorldHistory;PaWernsofInteracEon.1999.November16,

2008•  Jonsson,K.M.“HistoryoftheEgypEanReligionPartI”AncientEgypEanReligion,History,CultureofAncientEgypt.1998.November16,2008.

hWp://www.philae.nu/akhet/history1.html•  Kjeilen,Tore.“AncientEgypt/Religion”LookLexEncyclopedia.1996.November17,2008.hWp://lexicorient.com/e.o/egypt_rl.htm•  Ruiz,Ana.“CatsinAncientEgypt”TheSpiritofAncientEgypt.NY,AlgoraPublishing2001.

hWp://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/egypt/religion/cats.html•  “egypEan_statue_bast_cat_black_mini_02”

hWp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=hWp://www.magictails.com/abydos/images/egypEan_statues/large/egypEan_statue_bast_cat_black_mini_02.jpg&imgrefurl=hWp://www.magictails.com/abydos/egypEan_statues/egypEan_statues_bast_01.html&usg=__xm227vO3lliEzSAXlwrPO_dV0B4=&h=550&w=292&sz=30&hl=en&start=4&um=1&tbnid=Rq_gQ3t874kzGM:&tbnh=133&tbnw=71&prev=/images%3Fq%3Degypt%2Breligion%2Bcat%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG

•  “Egypt”hWp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=hWp://www.tamut.edu/academics/mperri/images/egypt.JPG&imgrefurl=hWp://www.tamut.edu/academics/mperri/AnWld/AncientWorld.htm&usg=__FPvZF6ctmKjYZ6u6XMPumJwRSBc=&h=704&w=890&sz=955&hl=en&start=8&um=1&tbnid=jRbp66GOawmveM:&tbnh=115&tbnw=146&prev=/images%3Fq%3Degypt%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG

•  “Egypt_Through_Other_Eyes_Sig_335”hWp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=hWp://www.brooklynmuseum.org/exhibiEons/egypt_through_other_eyes/images/Egypt_Through_Other_Eyes_Sig_335.jpg&imgrefurl=hWp://www.brooklynmuseum.org/exhibiEons/egypt_through_other_eyes/&usg=__0d8p9IuvFEX4_kQZUYnbQ48s5IU=&h=449&w=335&sz=250&hl=en&start=13&um=1&tbnid=DEpolpsEXV3hM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=95&prev=/images%3Fq%3Degypt%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG

•  “djed‐2”hWp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=hWp://www.enterprisemission.com/images/osiris‐2.jpg&imgrefurl=hWp://www.enterprisemission.com/tombsweb5.html&usg=__0lqiT‐X9E7rqEIp6uVioaYml2nA=&h=223&w=320&sz=21&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=0Y2RkbfILhTYwM:&tbnh=82&tbnw=118&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dosiris%2Bmyth%26imgsz%3Dsmall%257Cmedium%257Clarge%257Cxlarge%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG

L.M.

EGYPT

AncientEgypt’sculture,government,geographyandenvironmentalcondiEons

makeEgyptwhatitistoday.

M.R.

CulturalDiffusion

•  Egyptadaptedtheircultureonthereown.Someoftheirneighboringcountries,however,contributedtotheircultureinsomeways.

•  EgypthadastronginteracEonwiththeMiddleEast.Nubiansgavethemgold,ivoryandothermaterials.

•  BabylonianculturesweresimilartoEgypt'sbeingthattheywereinthesamegeographicalregion.

M.R.

Government

•  EgypEansweremainlyruledbyPharaohs.PharaohsweresaidtohavereceivedtheirauthorityfromtheGods.

•  PharaohshadtworolesinEgypEansociety.Theywerethekingsaswellaspriests.

•  PoliEcallyspeaking,pharaohshadtocommandarmiesandseWlelegaldisputes.

•  Whenitcametoreligion,pharaohswereexpectedtoleadthesacredritualsofallthetemplesofEgypt.

•  Egyptwasknownasatheocracy.Onlythepharaoh’sadvisorswereworthyenoughtoobeyhiscommands.

M.R.

EnvironmentalCondiEons

•  Egypt’senvironmentalcondiEonswerebasedaroundtheNileRiver.

•  TheNileRiverwasEgypt’smainwatersourceandeverysooQenitwouldflood.

•  ThefloodingoftheNilewasgoodforfarmingpurposes,butsomeEmestheriveroverflowedcausingittodestroypartsoftheEgypEancivilizaEon.

M.R.

Geography•  Egyptisalmostalldesert.

•  TheNileisit’smainriver.•  Egyptwasdividedintotwolands,

theRedlandandtheBlackland.

•  TheBlacklandwaswheretheferElesiltwasformedwhentheNileflooded.

•  TheRedlandwaswheretheBarrenDesertwaslocated.

•  TheBarrenDesertprotectedEgyptagainstinvadingciEesandalsogavethemstonesandmetal.

TheNileRiver

TheBarrenDesert

M.R.

ConclusionTherefore,allofthesefactorshavecontributedtoEgypt.It’sculturehasdefinitelybeenaffectedbyit’sgeography,governmentandit’senvironment.

M.R.

Bibliography•  hWp://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/egypt/dailylife/nubiaandegypt.html

•  “WorldHistoryPaWernsofInteracEon”McDougalLiWell

•  hWp://library.thinkquest.org/3011/egypt3.htm•  hWp://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/geography/home.html

M.R.