Global Perspectives on Richard Clifford, Ivo Imparato & André Herzog The World Bank Group Informal Settlements Affordable Housing and Housing Finance Conference New Delhi, January 27, 2010
Global Perspectives on Richard Clifford, Ivo Imparato & André Herzog The World Bank Group Informal Settlements Affordable Housing and Housing Finance Conference.
Mar 27, 2015
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Global Perspectives onGlobal Perspectives on
Richard Clifford, Ivo Imparato & André HerzogThe World Bank Group
Informal SettlementsInformal Settlements
Affordable Housing and Housing Finance ConferenceNew Delhi, January 27, 2010Affordable Housing and Housing Finance ConferenceNew Delhi, January 27, 2010
Port-au-Prince, Haiti
URGENCE TO ADDRESS A GLOBAL CRISISURGENCE TO ADDRESS A GLOBAL CRISIS
Population
Worl
d P
op
ula
tion
in
Billion
s
9
5
7
4
3
2
1
0
6
8
1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050
Rural
Urban Slums
Urban Other
Total Population
Urban Population
Source: ONU-Habitat
Urbanization and slum growthUrbanization and slum growth
Urban Share of Total Poor ($2/day poverty line)
Perc
en
t
50
30
40
20
10
0EAP ECA LAC SARMNA SSA
60
Source: Ravallion, Chen, and Sangraula, 2008 and World Bank World Development Indicators
1993
1996
1999
2002
Poverty is urbanizing Poverty is urbanizing
Nairobi, KenyaNairobi, Kenya
Africa: 62% of urban residents in slums
Perc
en
tage
75
100
50
25
0EAP ECA LAC SARMNA SSA
Share of urban population with access to improved sanitation(%)
Access to sanitation in citiesAccess to sanitation in cities
Source: World Development Indicators, 2008
Kibera, KenyaKibera, Kenya
Africa’s largest slum in Nairobi, Kenya
BAD POLICIES MAKE THINGS WORSE
BAD POLICIES MAKE THINGS WORSE
OVERVIEW OF FAILED POLICIESOVERVIEW OF FAILED POLICIES
The Rural BiasThe Rural Bias
The Policy of Doing-NothingThe Policy of Doing-Nothing
Failure of Forced Eviction and RelocationFailure of Forced Eviction and Relocation
The Affordability TrapThe Affordability Trap
EvictionEviction
“Every year 5 million people suffer this cruel fate”- Center on Housing Rights and Evictions (Switzerland)
AfterBefore
May 2005May 2005
“Operation Murambatsvina” - Zimbabwe“Operation Murambatsvina” - Zimbabwe
Alagados, Bahia, BrazilAlagados, Bahia, Brazil
A lack of viable alternatives
Alagados, Bahia, BrazilAlagados, Bahia, Brazil
One of the world’s largest slums on water
We have learned many lessons
We have learned many lessons
Bangkok, ThailandBangkok, Thailand
Ingenuity in the face of hardship
$ B
illion
s
10
6
8
4
2
0
12
World Bank Urban FinancingWorld Bank Urban Financing
1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 2005-2009
Other Urban Projects
Urban Poverty & Slum Upgrading
17
Impact
Bahia Urban Development ProjectBahia Urban Development Project
Commitment needs to be multi-year and on-budget
Resident participation is key to impact and sustainability
Mauritania Urban Development ProgramMauritania Urban Development Program
Dar es Salaam Community Infrastructure ProjectDar es Salaam Community Infrastructure Project
No one-size-fits-all: knowledge of local reality is essential
World Bank Urban and Local Government Unit www.worldbank.org/urban
World Bank Institute Slum Upgrading Sourcebook www.wbi.worldbank.org
Cities Alliance www.citiesalliance.org
UN-HABITAT www.unhabitat.org
Slum/Shack Dwellers International www.sdinet.co.za
Resources for further learningResources for further learning
Thank you!Thank you!
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