Top Banner
194

GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

Feb 11, 2022

Download

Documents

dariahiddleston
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

������������� ����������� ����������

������������������� !�"���#���$�&%����'��(�)��%�� �������*�,+-�������'�

����.0/214351� 64/217/98;:</2=�:<>?:<.0/- A@CB9D0EF:HGI>CJ�:7.0/K��67@C=0DL@M:</K��BN.0>O>PE

>CJQ%�>P678R/2E5ES(T803FUC/264173F:HG3F8���@C64:73V@CEW ADREFXLEFE5YZ/28;:�>[J�:7.0/-\T/9]ODR3567/9Y^/98;:<1�J_>P6`:<.0/-�a/9bP67/9/->[J

�"@C1�:</26�>CJQ��B935/28RB2/

c G��.0@C17dM@C6Te�673F17.08L@[[email protected]@C673

��@fG'gfhPhPh

Page 2: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

Bi gfhPhChZ�#.L@C17dM@C6Te�673F17.080@CYI@[BN.L@C673

Page 3: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

j k l�monqpsrtm

�H8;:</980173uUP/v67/917/2@C67BN.&.L@C1 c /9/28tJ_>OB2D014/2=&358!67/2B9/28;:wGP/2@C671w>C8x:<.0/"=0/9UC/2E5>Cy0Y^/98;:w>CJ�17>Mzy0.03F14:735B{@M:</2=|YZ> c 3FE5/B9>PYZY}D0803FB{@[:735>P801#14GO14:7/2YZ1T~�3u:<.|358RB267/2@C17/9=�8R/9:H~#>P67d�B2@CyL@CB93F:HG|@[80=y�/264J_>C67Y^@C80B2/):<.L@[:`DR:<3FE535�9/)14B{@C64B2/�64/217>CD067B9/21�358w@[8w>PyR:<3FYI@[E�Y^@C808R/262� ��8ODRY c /96`>CJ$=0/�z173FbP8w@C8R=w67/214>PD064B2/�@CEFE5>OB{@[:735>P8�y064> c EF/2YZ1�358IY^> c 35E5/�B9>PY^Y�D08035B2@[:<3F>P801�@C64/ad,80>f~�8|:7> c /���z�.L@C67=�B9>PY c 3F8L@[:<>C673V@[E�>CyR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8�y067> c E5/9Y^1}BN.0@C6<@CB�:</96735�9/2= c G/��O:767/2YZ/2EuGE5@C67bP/17/2@C67BN.�17y0@CB2/912����DRBN.�y064> c EF/2YZ1�@C67/�358;:<67@CB9:<@ c E5/K:<>w17>CE5DR:735>P8'DR17358Rbw1735YZy0EF/}@C8L@[EFG,:<3FB{@CE>P6?=0/�:</967YZ35803F14:<3FB�@CyRy067>;@[BN.0/219����/{@C64BN.�:7/2BN.08R35],D0/21�J_>P6}bCE5> c @[E�>PyR:735YZ35�2@[:<3F>P8�14D0BN.t@[1\T@C80=0>PY��o@CE5dA����3FY}D0EV@M:</2=��808R/{@CEF3580b0����@ c D���/{@C64BN.�@C80=���/280/�:<35BI�E5bC>P673u:<.0YZ12��>P8:<.R/�>C:7.0/26T.L@C80=���.L@{UP/ c /9/28'J_>PDR80=�:7>Iy064>�UO3F=0/�80/2@C6�z�>PyR:735Y^@CEW17>CE5DR:735>P801�3F8"67/2@C17>C8L@ c EF/:<3FY^/)J_>P6�17D0BN.�y067> c E5/9Y^19�

��.03F1Q:<.0/917351 =R/217B9673 c /91�:7.0/�67/917D0Eu:<1�>CJ�@�67/917/{@[67BN.Zy067>PbC6<@CY�:<.L@M: J_>�B9D017/9=^>P8}:7.0/�67/9EV@[:73FUP/y�/264J_>C67Y^@C80B2/�>CJ0:7.0/214/�14/{@C64BN.�@CE5bP>C673F:7.0YZ1�J_>P6S:H~�>ayR67> c EF/2YZ1S/280B9>PD08;:</967/2=�3F8-:7.0/�=0/9173FbP8>CJ�YZ> c 35EF/�B9>PY^Y�D08035B2@[:<3F>P801W�K:<.0/�=0/9173FbP8?>CJ�@aE5>f~`zHB9>P14:Q:7>Py�>PE5>Pb[G-J_>C6�:<.0/�XR��/9=Zy�>P6�:<35>C8>CJS@KB2/2EFE5D0E5@C6�80/9:H~#>P64d��0@C80=I:7.0/a>PyR:735Y^@CELE5>OB{@M:<35>C8Z>[J c @C17/)14:<@[:<3F>P801#:7>}Y^@M��35YZ35�2/�67@C=03F>B2>fUC/26<@[bP/?~�.035EF/}Y^3F8035YZ35�93580bZ/2],D03Fy0YZ/28;:�B2>P1�:<19�?��.0/�y�/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/}>CJ#/{@[BN.�:7/2BN.0803F],D0/351Z/��R@CYZ358R/2=�J_>P6ZU[@C6435>PDR1^@[E5bP>P643F:7.0Y�@C8R=xy064> c E5/9Y�yL@C67@CY^/�:</96712����.R/"/���y�/26435YZ/28;:N@CE67/917D0Eu:<1�GO35/2EF=^14>PYZ/)3F80173FbP.;:<1�358;:<>-:<.0/T67/9EV@[:73FUC/T14D03F:<@ c 3FE53F:HGK>CJW:7.0/214/):7/2BN.0803F],D0/21�J_>C6�/2@CBN.

Page 4: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

y064> c E5/9Y�����>C:7.�358;:<D03u:<3uUP/�@C8R=^@[8L@CEFG,:735B�/���y0EV@C80@[:<3F>P801�@C64/`y067>fUO35=R/2=�J_>P6 @C8;G?1435bP803uXLB{@[8,:=03u��/967/28RB2/21T358|y�/26�J_>P67Y^@C80B9/C�

Page 5: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

� ����� nqp��   � r¡p£¢ ¤¦¥�§¨mr! 

��.L@[17dM@C6�e�673F17.08L@[[email protected]@C673$~`@C1 c >P678©3F8qgfh;ªPªI3F8©�@CbPyRD062�«�H80=R3V@R�-��35EFE�:<.R/�@CbP/?>CJTg�¬��.0/a14y�/98;:�Y^>C14:`>[JS.0351#E53FJ_/�3F8w�)/�~��a/9E5.03­�,�H80=03V@��O~�.0/967/�.0/@[:7:7/280=R/2=w:<.0/�@{U[@CEW� D c E535B��BN.0>O>PE­�!�H8¡gfhPhC®R�#>P8R/¯GC/{@C6^@[J°:</96�.0351Z@C64673FU[@CE#358�:<.0/�()8R3F:</9=t�,:N@[:7/212�#.0/¯bP6<@C=RDL@[:</9=J_67>CY±�)DRYI@C8R3F:<3F/21a.R35bP.©17BN.R>�>PE 3F8��)/9~²+�>P67dA���T/^@M:7:</980=0/9=�:7.0/�y067/914:<3FbP35>CD01-%�>�>Cy�/96()8R35>P8�J_>P6-:7.0/Z�=RU[@C80B9/2YZ/28;:?>CJ���B23F/280B9/�@C80=o�64:K358o�)/�~³+�>P67d�%�3u:HG�DR80=0/26�@¯J_>PDR6GP/2@C6�J_D0E5E�:<D03u:<35>C8'17BN.0>[email protected]�$@C80=©.0/�bP6<@[=0DL@[:7/2=´�µ�¶?¶Z·v¸�µ�¶±¹u·CµRºO»^@C1�@|�`@CBN.R/2E5>C6>CJ� 80bP358R/2/2643580bv3F8���EF/2B�:<673FB{@CE�� 80bP358R/2/2643580b©3F8�gfhPhP¼R��aD0673F80b':<.0/wB9>PD06417/|>CJ).0351?D08Oz=0/967bP67@C=0DL@[:7/�/9=0D0B{@M:<35>C8'.0/�64/2B9/23FUC/2=©17/�UP/96<@CE�@f~�@C64=01�@C80=".0>P80>P641a358RB2E5DR=03580b�:<.R/IgfhPhC¼�������*\�/2bP3F>P8tg c /21�:?14:7D0=0/28;:ZyL@Cy�/26}@f~�@C64=W�Q:<.0/I�E5E��YZ/26435B2@C8���BN.0>CEV@C6}%�>PE5EF/2bP35@[:</�)~�@C64=W�W@C8R=�:<.R/}�@M:<35>C8L@CES�a/{@[8W½¾1)�«351�:{���)/K351TB2D06467/98,:7EFG¯358¯.03F1TXL6414:)GP/{@[6a@[:a%�>P678R/2E5E()8R3FUP/967143F:HGvy0DR6717DR3580b¯@C8o���¿���ÁÀ[��.��¿�}�«3F8©��EF/2B�:<673FB{@CEQ��8RbP3580/9/2643580b|D080=R/26-@�:<.064/2/�zÂGP/2@C6%�>P6480/2EFE«��6<@C=0D0@[:</� L/9E5E5>f~�14.035yW�Q�)/�.L@C1`@CE514> c /9/28|17/9E5/2B�:</9=�@[1�>P80/�>CJS/935bP.;:�gfhChPh��aE5358� 67/91735=R/28;:<35@CE« L/2EFE5>f~�1�@[:)%�>P6480/2EFE«()8R3FUP/967143F:HGP���T/�.L@C1�y067/917/98,:7/2=¯:<.064/2/�B2>P8�J_/267/980B2/-yL@Mzy�/2671K:<>'=L@M:</C��@[80=qB2D06467/98,:7EFG�.L@C1?@"(K�¿����yL@M:</28;:?y�/28R=03580b�J_>P6�Ã;�T>P8�z���/2YZ35B9>P80=0D0B�:<>P6��@[17173uUP/Z��3FB264>�~�@{UP/Z�«>PbP3FB��a/�U�3FB2/912�ÄÃ��#.L@C17dM@C6351a@^Y^/9Y c /96>CJ�:7.0/}��@CD©��/9:<@w� 3�/28OzbP3F80/2/967358RbZ.R>P80>P6�17>OB23F/9:HGC�A:7.0/K� :<@^e�@CyRyL@^�TD".0>C80>P6�17>OB23F/9:HGwJ_>P6�/2EF/2B�:<673FB{@CE�/280bP3F80/2/96719�@C80=^:<.0/a��64=0/26#>CJW:7.0/a� 80bP3F80/2/962���T/351#@CEF17>}@-Y^/9Y c /26�>CJW:<.R/a�H8014:73F:7DR:</�J_>P6`� EF/2B9:7673FB{@CE@C80=¯� E5/9B9:767>P803FB�� 80bP358R/2/2641KÅÆ�������#Ç���@C80=w:<.0/��)1717>OB235@[:<3F>P8�J_>P6T%�>PYZy0DR:73580bZ��@CBN.0358R/264G

3F353

Page 6: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ÅÆ�T%��"Ç��$�)3F1�80>P8�zH@CB{@C=R/2YZ35B?358;:7/267/914:71K3F80B2EFD0=0/?B23F80/2Y^@R�Sy�>�/�:<64GC�«XLB9:735>P8W�«.R3514:7>P64GC�SEV@C8�zbPDL@[bP/21^Å c /21435=0/91�� 80bCE53514.W�«.0/�d,80>f~�1}�T3580=03­�«��@[Y^3FEÂ�« L67/980BN.W��@C80=�@ c 3F:�>CJ`�"@C8R=L@C673F8%�.03F80/214/fÇ��L:7/280803F12�A@C8R=¯=R67/{@[Y^3F80bw�

3FU

Page 7: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

È}ÉsʨˣËÍÌÎÌ`ÏZУÊxÑ)ÑKÌ

U

Page 8: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

j r�¥�Ò �*Ó ¢�§ÕÔ � §*Ö §*Ò×ml

�)>Z:<.0/9173F1B{@[8 c /-:<.0/K67/917D0Eu:>CJ @^14:7D0=0/98,:2½¾1�14>PE53u:N@C6�G|@CB�:<3FUO3u:<35/912�`�`~#>PD0EF="EF35dC/�:<>Z:N@Cd[/:<.R351�>Py0y�>P6�:<D0803u:HG^:7>Z@CBNd,80>f~�E5/2=RbP/�:<.0/�>C:7.0/2641�~�.R>P17/�~�3514=0>PY�@C80=|67/2@C=RG|@C14173F14:N@[80B2/��.L@{UP/^67/9E535/9=�DRy�>P8�358�17>PYZ/?J_>P67YØ>C6K@[80>C:<.R/262�I��.L@C80d,12��XL671�:�>CJ�@CE5E­�W:<>��a62�|�O:7/2y0.R/28�&35BNd[/269�A:7.0/-BN.L@C3564YI@[8w>CJQY�Gw@C=RUO3514>P64GwB9>PYZY^3u:7:</9/C�RJ_>C6�.0351�/28RB2>PD067@CbP/9Y^/98,:2�A17D0y0y�>P6�:@C80=vbCD035=L@[80B2/-~�3F:<.R>PDR:~�.R35BN.v��B2>CD0E5='8R>C:a.L@{UC/?17>w/{@[1735EuG|=0/9UC/2EF>Py�/9=�@C80=":7/214:7/2=©Y�G35=R/{@C19ÙA@C80=|:<>^�a62���`@C6�:a�O/2E5Y^@C8W�RY�GwYZ3580>P6`@C=RUO3514>P62�0J_>P6�.R351�B2>P8R14:<64D0B9:73FUC/KB9>PY^YZ/28;:71@C80=wDR17/9J_DRE�y�>P358;:</9671�:<.L@[:`.0/2EFy�/9=�Y^/)bP67/2@[:<EuGZ358IYKG^~#>P67dA� ��.L@[80d,1�@CE514>�:<>}YKGZJ_6435/980=@C80=|B9>PE5EF/{@CbPDR/Úa3WÚ35/ZÅÂ�O35=AÇ�J_>C6�.0/2EFy03580b?YZ/aJ_/2/9E«673FbP.;:�@[:�.0>PYZ/�.0/967/-@[:)%�>P6480/2EFEÂ�0@[80=J_>P6a14>PYZ/}D017/�J_D0EQ=03F17B9D0171435>P801�>C8':<.0/?8L@M:<D064/}>CJ�17/2@C67BN.©J_>P6bCE5> c @[E�>Py�:<35YZ35�2@[:<3F>P8W�)��.0/�"@C64dC>fUZJ_6<@CYZ/9~#>P67d�J_>P6#@C8L@CEuGO�2358RbK:<.R/ay�/964J_>P64YI@[80B2/T>CJS17/2@C67BN.�:7/2BN.08R35],D0/21�YZ/28;:735>P80/9=358¡BN.L@Cy�:</26�®x@[80=Û:7.0/�B9>P6764/214y�>P8R=03580b�XLbPD064/21¯=0/2YZ>P801�:<67@[:<3F80b�:7.0/�y�/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/©>CJ\T@C80=0>PY¨�o@CEFd�@CE5bP>C673F:7.0YZ1W>P8}@T17Y^@CE5E;14/{@C64BN.?17yL@[B2/#~#/264/`=0/�UP/2EF>Py�/2=TÜ4>P3F8;:<EFG~�3F:<.-.03FY����.L@C8RdO1�:<>�:7.0/)��EF358� L>PD08R=L@[:<3F>P8Z@C80=?:<.R/��6<@[=0DL@[:7/�OBN.0>�>CEL>CJ«%�>C6780/9E5EL(T803FUC/267143F:HG}J_>C6:<.R/2356�bC/280/967>PD01�XL8L@[80B235@CE«@C80=¯@CB2@C=0/9Y^3FB�17D0y0y�>P6�:{�

�~#>PD0EF=o@CEF17>|E53FdC/?:<>�@CBNd,80>f~�E5/9=0bP/Z:<.0/�J_>PD080=R/26�>CJ`YKG©D080=0/967bP67@C=0DL@[:7/^3F8014:73F:7DR:<3F>P8��:<.R/TE5@[:</`��/9:7/26�%�>�>Cy�/962�,@�17/9EFÝL/91712�ObP/980/264>PD01�YI@C8}~�.R>P17/T=067/2@CY*:7.L@[:�/2=RD0B{@[:735>P8�>PDRbP.;:

UO3

Page 9: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:<> c /�Ã;@C1aJ_67/9/Z@C1�@C356a@C80=©~`@[:7/264Ã�.L@[1-3F8017yR3567/9=©@CE5E�~�.0> c /28R/9X0:7/2=©J_67>PY±3u:{�K��.L@C80d,1:<>wYKG'B2>CE5E5/2@CbPD0/91�@[:-%�>O>Py�/26�(T8035>P8�Þ��R@�Ü7@[8�� c 6<@[.L@CY¯�S%�.0673F14:7>Py0.0/96-��67@CB235@R�«��3FY^>C8�«>PdA��ßC>P.08t��@fUO3F12����@ c 6435/2E��«>P.����O:</9y0.0/98&�SD���e�/9UO358t%�.0>PDW�`�o@CEF:7/26Z�«358W���80=064/9~��D;~�35=�Ü43Â�0@[80=|�H67/28R/���>�=R>P80/28RdC>0�0~�.0>�64/{@CEFEFGZb;@{UP/�YZ/�B2>P8�XL=0/28RB2/�358wY�GI@ c 3FE53u:<35/91�@[80=14:735Y}DREV@[:7/2=�Y�G�=0/2143567/¯:<>�y0D06714D0/'Y�G�bC6<@C=0D0@[:</�14:<DR=035/91I358x� E5/2B�:<6435B{@[E)� 80bC3580/9/2673F80b0��¯G^bP6<@M:</9J_DREA:7.L@C80d,1�:7>?��.0/98|�)3F/TJ_>P6�:<.R/B2>C8014:<@C8;:�17D0yRy�>P6�:�@C8R=IJ_>P6�.0/2EFy03580bKY^/TdC/9/2y:<.R3580bP1�3F8|y067>Py�/26�y�/26417y�/2B9:73FUC/C�

�Q~#>PD0E5=IE535d[/T:7>K:7.L@C80d^@CE5EL:7.0/):7/{@CBN.0/96719�L@C80=�yR67>CJ_/91717>C671`� .L@{UC/a.L@C=�=RD0673F80b�Y�GZ14BN.0>�>CE@C80=�B2>PEFE5/9bP/aGP/2@C671T:<.L@[:)17/964UC/2=©@C1T67>PEF/�Y^>O=0/9E512�LbP@fUC/�YZ/�80/2/9=0/2=©@C=�U�3FB2/[��/980B2>CD06<@CbC/2=@C80=qYZ>C:73FU[@[:</9=oYZ/^:7>'y0D06417D0/wY�G�/2=RD0B{@[:735>P80@CE#bC>;@CE519��:N@[D0bP.;:?YZ/^:<>"17/2/�:7.0/I~#>P67EF=358�3F8;:</264/21�:<358Rb�8R/9~×~�@{GO12��@C80=&14.0>f~�/9=�YZ/'~�.L@[:|3F:I:N@Cd[/21w:<>�@CBN.03F/9UC/�>C80/C½Ä1¯@C35YZ12���>PYZ/I:7.L@[:�B2>CY^/w=03F67/9B9:<EuG�:7>vY^3F80=�@C64/¯��6719�oà�@C1<@[8,:7.L@R�#��69�oà�@C17.R3517.;:2�#@[80=!��6719��3F17>PE5@^J_67>CY±������W�)/9~³�a/2EF.03ÂÙS�¯6712�?��/2E53FB2>C���«�¯62�}�a>f~�80/91-@C80=���62�}e-@[y0EV@C8�J_67>PY�)DRYI@C8R3F:<3F/21��-�Á���u���)/�~�+�>P67dAÙ�� 67>CJ��`%��{@C64dC>f~�17d,3$J_67>PY��$>PEFG,:</9BN.0803FB�(T803FUC/267143F:HGC���T/9~+�>P64d�ÙQ%�.,D0BNdoe�3FY��S� 67>[J����O:7/9~�@C64:2��� 64>CJ���e�@Cy0E5@C8W�S� 67>[J��I��67@C�23F8017d;GC�Q� 67>CJ��^()8Rb;@C62�� 67>CJ���e�3564:7YI@[8W�0� 67>[J���%�D0Y c /26 c @[:7BN.W��@[80="� 64>CJ����R@[80=0E5/96�J_67>PY�%�>O>Py�/26T()8R35>P8W�A�T/9~+�>P64d��

�3F8L@CE5EuGP�$��:<.L@C8Rd�Y�G�yL@C64/28;:<1����Q\��Qe�673F17.08L@[[email protected]@C673#@C80=oà3áÜ7@{G;@[EV@Cd,17.RY^3#e�673514.08L@MzY^@CBN.L@C643�J_>P6@CE5ES:<.0/9356aEF>fUP/?@C8R=v/280B9>PD06<@[bP/2YZ/28;:{����.0/�Gv.L@{UP/ c /2/98�@�bP67/2@[:a14>PD067B9/?>CJ358R17y03F6<@[:735>P8w@[80=�14D0y0y�>P64:�J_>P6�YZ/C� ��.R351�:<.0/9173F1T3F1�=0/2=R35B{@M:</2=|:<>?:7.0/2Y¯�

U�3F3

Page 10: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

â pãk ¢�§ �Íä å � Ò×m�§*Ò×ml

æ ç2è�éfê�ë«ì�í$îCé�ï_ë�è æ

gP�ug ��/96717>C8L@CE$%�>PYZY}D0803FB{@[:735>P8¯�,G�1�:</9Y^1��K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� g

gP�¿ð ��/{@[67BN.¯��/9BN.08035],D0/91)J_>P6T��E5> c @CE«�ayR:735YZ35�2@[:<3F>P8t�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ñ

gP�¾ñ ��.0/214351T�a/214B26435yR:735>P8¯@C80=��aDR:7E5358R/ �-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ñ

ò óWô,õ0êMîMö�÷�ôOî[ö$è$ï­øWíSôOùZúÂë�ê|û|ü_ëAý�õLü�þ�ÿSé�ï��oï��;õRéfïÆë�è �

ð��ug %�>PY c 3F8L@[:7>P6735@CEW�ayR:735YZ35�2@[:<3F>P8±�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ¬

ð��¿ð �)/935bP. c >P67.0>O>O=¯��/{@C64BN. �K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� �

ð��¾ñ \)@[80=0>PY �@CEFdt�-�K���-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ª

ð��Ä® ��35Y�D0EV@[:7/2=w�)8080/{@[E5358Rb��K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� h

ð��¿¬ ��@ c D'�O/{@C64BN.²�-�-�K���-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� gPg

ð���� ��/980/9:735B��)E5bP>P643F:7.0Y^1��-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� gfñ

UO353F3

Page 11: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

� ��ÿ�ÿ�üÆï­îPõRéfïÆë�è$ù}ë�úaó�ô,õ0êMî[ö�÷�ôOîMö�è$ïÆøWí$ôOù?éfë ëAý�ï­ü_ô��Kë ��©í$è�ïÆîPõRé�ï_ë�è�ù æ��

ñR�ug �3u��/9=��T/9:H~#>P67dw�$>Py�>PE5>CbCGw�a/91735bC8 �K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� g�ª

ñR�¿ð %�.L@C808R/2E«�EFE5>OB{@[:735>P8 �-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ð��

ñR�¾ñ �ayR:<3FYI@CE��`@C14/}�,:N@[:735>P8|�«>OB{@[:735>P8 �-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ñ��

ñR�Ä® ��> c 3FE53u:HGw�"@[8L@CbP/9Y^/98,: �-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ñPñ

ñR�¿¬ %`@CE5E«�"@C8L@CbC/2YZ/28;:t���-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ñP¼

ñR��� �ayR:<3FYI@CE���D0Eu:<3 zHD014/26��a/9:7/2B�:<35>C8¯3F8�%`����� �-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ®0g

ñR�¿ª �������² L6<@CYZ/���@M:7:</9678��a/21435bP8Î�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ®P®

ñR�¾¼ ��@[:N@?� ],DL@CEF35�2@[:<3F>P8"���-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ®��

ñR�¾h ��E53F80=¯%�.L@C8R80/2E$� 14:735Y^@[:<3F>P8 �-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ®;¼

ñR�ug��&��D0YZYI@[64G �K�-�-�K���-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ¬��

� �wè$õ0ü��Sù2ï­ù?ëAú�ó�ô,õ0êMî[ö�÷#ô�îMö$è�ïÆøWíSô�ù �Aò

®0�ug �²�"@C64dC>fU;z c @C14/2='��.R/2>P64/9:<3FB{@CE«�)8L@CEuG�14351©���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ¬Pð

®0�¿ð ��.0/-�)>^ L67/2/��«D08RBN."��.0/9>P67/9Y^1�J_>P6T��/2@C67BN.��-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� �Rg

®0�¾ñ ���Ry�/26435YZ/28;:N@[EW�8L@[EFGO173F1`��� 673F>P6���>P67d ���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� �;ð

®0�Ä® %�>P801435=0/96<@[:735>P801�3F8¯��/26�J_>P67YZ358Rb��Q��y�/26435YZ/28;:N@CE«�)8L@CEuG�14351 �K�-���K�-�K� �;¬

� �}õLù2ô�ó�éfõRéfïÆë�è���ë«îPõRé�ï_ë�è¡þ�ÿSé�ï��ï��;õ�é�ïÆë�è ���

3u�

Page 12: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¬��ug �H8;:<67>O=0D0B�:<3F>P8Û�-�-�K���-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� �Ph

¬��¿ð � 67> c EF/2Y��a/217B9673FyR:<3F>P8¯@C80=¯��@C67@CYZ/9:</9671����K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ª��

¬��¾ñ �)/935bP. c >P67.0>O>O=|�a/9XL803u:<3F>P8Ø�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ªCñ

¬��Ä® ��/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/�>CJ�\)@C8R=0>PYã�o@CEFd£�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ª[®

¬��¿¬ ��/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/�>CJQ��35Y}DREV@[:7/2=w�8R80/{@CEF3580b ���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ª��

¬���� ��/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/�>CJ���@ c D'��/2@C67BN. �-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ªPª

¬��¿ª ��/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/�>CJQ��/980/9:735B��EFbP>P643F:<.RY^1³�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ªCh

¬��¾¼ %�>PYZyL@C673F17>P8w>[J��)E5bP>P643F:7.0Y^1 �-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ¼;ð

¬��¾h �Q��/9B9:T>CJ��)/23FbP. c >C67.0>O>�=¯�a/�XL803F:735>P8ã�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ¼Pñ

¬��ug��� �3580@CE«��>CE5DR:735>P8��-�K���-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ¼��

� ��ï��Wô�ì �¯ô;é"!�ëAê$#�÷#ë�ÿ ë�ü_ë�%���þ�ÿSé�ï��ï��;õRé�ï_ë�è �«æ

�R�ug �H8;:<67>O=0D0B�:<3F>P8�-�-�K���-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� hRg

�R�¿ð � 67> c EF/2Y��a/217B9673FyR:<3F>P8¯@C80=¯��@C67@CYZ/9:</9671����K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� h;ð

�R�¾ñ �)/935bP. c >P67.0>O>O=|�a/9XL803u:<3F>P8Ø�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� hC®

�R�Ä® ��/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/�>CJ�\)@C8R=0>PYã�o@CEFd£�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� h��

�R�¿¬ ��/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/�>CJQ��35Y}DREV@[:7/2=w�8R80/{@CEF3580b ���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� h;ª

�R��� ��/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/�>CJ���@ c D'��/2@C67BN. �-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� g���g

�R�¿ª ��/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/�>CJQ��/980/9:735B��EFbP>P643F:<.RY^1³�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� g��P¬�

Page 13: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

�R�¾¼ %�>PYZyL@C673F17>P8w>[J��)E5bP>P643F:7.0Y^1 �-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� g��C¼

�R�¾h �Q��/9B9:T>CJ��)/23FbP. c >C67.0>O>�=¯�a/�XL803F:735>P8ã�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� gPgCg

�R�ug��� �3580@CE«��>CE5DR:735>P801 �K���-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� gPgf¬

& �Kë�è$î;üÆí�ù{ï_ë�è�ù æ�æ��

��ÿ�ÿ ôOè$ì�ï'�)(+*�õ�,0õqó�ë�íSêMîPô-�Kë«ìSô æ�ò«æ

�?ïÆý�üÆïÆë�%Aê�õ0ÿ�ö � æ.� &

��3

Page 14: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

/ � l�m � ä 0 ���21 n§Õl

ð��ug �²��/980/267@CES�)/935bP. c >P67.R>�>O=�z c @C17/9="�O/{@C64BN."�EFbP>P643F:<.RY J_>C6T��y�:<35YZ35�2@[:<3F>P8 �

ð��¿ð \)@[80=0>PY �@CEFdt�-�K���-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ¼

ð��¾ñ ��35Y�D0EV@[:7/2=w�)8080/{@[E5358Rb��K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� h

ð��Ä® ��@ c D'�O/{@C64BN.²�-�-�K���-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� gPg

ð��¿¬ ��/980/9:735B��)E5bP>P643F:7.0Y �-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� g{®

ñR�ug �K�R���T/9:H~#>P67dw�)67BN.03u:</9B9:<DR67/ �-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� gf¼

ñR�¿ð L67/2],D0/980B9G¯\�/2DR17/-358�ª�zHB9/2EFE«%�E5DR14:</9671-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ð��

ñR�¾ñ \T/9bP351�:<67@[:<3F>P8��64/{@C1T358|@^%�/2EFE5D0E5@C6��,G�1�:</9Y±�K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ñC®

ñR�Ä® %�/2EFE51 c /2EF>P80bP3F80bI:<>�:7.067/9/Z��@CbP3F80b¯��>P80/91a~�3F:7.0358©@w\�/2bP3F14:76<@[:735>P8'�)67/2@Å­ L>P6�@Z()8R35],D0/-()14/26NÇ �K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ñ;ª

ñR�¿¬ �«3580/2@C6�%�/2EFE5D0E5@C6��OGO1�:</2Y��43a®0�0d.3}g�Å­ð��T/23FbP. c >P643580bZ%�/9E5EF1�%�>P801435=0/967/2=LÇ�ñPh

ñR��� �ayR:<3FYI@CE��������² L6<@CYZ/���@M:7:</9678oÅ�563Õ®����75+893 g��PÇ �-�K�-���K�-�K� ®��

ñR�¿ª �=L@[yR:<3uUP/-��@[:N@?� ],DL@CEF35�2@[:<3F>P8 �-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ®,ª�R3F3

Page 15: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

®0�ug � �)/935bP. c >P67.R>�>O=|�a/9XL8R3F:<3F>P8IJ_>P6���/{@C64BN.���yL@CB9/->[JQ�O35�2/�®�@[80=w:<.0/�B9>P6�z67/917y�>P80=03F80b^�O:N@[:7/���67@C80173u:<3F>P8|� 67> c @ c 35EF3F:HG��"@[:<643u� �K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ¬P¬

®0�¿ð ���Ry�/2B�:</9=��/914:}%�>P14:K@[J°:7/26:�R�ugP�¿ð��¿ñw��:7/26<@M:<35>C801aJ_>P6�\T@C80=0>PYÍ�@CEFd"�)EuzbP>P643F:<.RY^1�J_>C6�=03F��/264/28;:)�)/23FbP. c >C67.0>O>�=|�a/�XL803u:<35>C801�Å�gfÇ �-�K�-���K�-�K� ¬Pª

®0�¾ñ ���Ry�/2B�:</9=��/914:}%�>P14:K@[J°:7/26:�R�ugP�¿ð��¿ñw��:7/26<@M:<35>C801aJ_>P6�\T@C80=0>PYÍ�@CEFd"�)EuzbP>P643F:<.RY^1�J_>C6�=03F��/264/28;:)�)/23FbP. c >C67.0>O>�=|�a/�XL803u:<35>C801�ÅÂðCÇ �-�K�-���K�-�K� ¬C¼

®0�Ä® ���Ry�/2B�:</9=��/914:}%�>P14:K@[J°:7/26:�R�ugP�¿ð��¿ñw��:7/26<@M:<35>C801aJ_>P6�\T@C80=0>PYÍ�@CEFd"�)EuzbP>P643F:<.RY^1�J_>C6�=03F��/264/28;:)�)/23FbP. c >C67.0>O>�=|�a/�XL803u:<35>C801�Å­ñPÇ �-�K�-���K�-�K� ¬Ch

®0�¿¬ ���Ry�/2B�:</9=��/914:}%�>P14:K@[J°:7/26:�R�ugP�¿ð��¿ñw��:7/26<@M:<35>C801aJ_>P6�\T@C80=0>PYÍ�@CEFd"�)EuzbP>P643F:<.RY^1�J_>C6�=03F��/264/28;:)�)/23FbP. c >C67.0>O>�=|�a/�XL803u:<35>C801�ÅÆ®;Ç �-�K�-���K�-�K� ���

®0��� ���Ry�/2B�:</9=��/914:}%�>P14:K@[J°:7/26:�R�ugP�¿ð��¿ñw��:7/26<@M:<35>C801aJ_>P6�\T@C80=0>PYÍ�@CEFd"�)EuzbP>P643F:<.RY^1�J_>C6�=03F��/264/28;:)�)/23FbP. c >C67.0>O>�=|�a/�XL803u:<35>C801�ŬCÇ �-�K�-���K�-�K� �Rg

¬��ug ��>C:7/28;:<35@CE«�`@[17/��O:N@[:735>P8|�«>OB{@[:735>P8R1 �K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ª��

¬��¿ð �R@CYZy0E5/a\)@C=R35>Z%�>fUP/96<@CbP/�J_>P6T�a80/-��>[:</28;:73V@CES�«>OB{@[:735>P8 �-�K�-���K�-�K� ªPð

¬��¾ñ �)3F14:<>CbP6<@CY >CJQ%�>P14:71TJ_>C6��`@C17/K�O:<@[:<3F>P8¯�«>�B2@[:<3F>P8¯�ayR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8��K�-�K� ªCñ

¬��Ä® ��/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/�>CJ�\T@C80=R>PY×�o@CE5d��E5bC>P673u:<.0YZ1J_>P6-�`@C14/^�O:N@[:735>P8��«>OB{@Mz:<3F>P8¯�ayR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8����-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ª[®

¬��¿¬ ��/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/�>CJ�\T@C80=R>PY×�o@CE5d��E5bC>P673u:<.0YZ1J_>P6-�`@C14/^�O:N@[:735>P8��«>OB{@Mz:<3F>P8¯�ayR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8����-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ªP¬

��353F3

Page 16: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¬���� ��/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/`>CJA��35Y}DREV@[:7/2=��)8080/2@CE53F80b)J_>P6��`@C14/��O:N@M:<35>C8?�«>�B2@[:<3F>P8?�ay�z:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8 �K�-�-�K���-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ª��

¬��¿ª ��/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/�>CJ���@ c D'�O/{@C64BN.¯J_>P6���@C17/-�O:<@[:<3F>P8|�«>�B2@[:<3F>P8¯�ayR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8 ªC¼

¬��¾¼ ��/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/?>CJ���@ c Do��/{@C64BN.�J_>C6��`@C14/I�,:N@[:735>P8©�«>OB{@[:735>P8©�ayR:735YZ35�2@Mz:<3F>P8�Å�;23Õg�ÇT�-�-�K���-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ªCh

¬��¾h ��/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/�>CJQ��/980/9:735B��EFbP>P643F:<.RY^1�J_>P6��`@C14/}�,:N@[:735>P8|�«>OB{@[:735>P8¯�ay�z:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8 �K�-�-�K���-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ¼Rg

¬��ug��&%�>PYZyL@C673F17>P8|>CJQ��/2@C67BN.��E5bC>P673u:<.0YZ1�J_>P6��`@[17/K�O:N@M:<35>C8��«>OB{@[:735>P8��ayR:73uzY^3F�{@[:735>P8 �-�K�-�-�K���-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ¼Pñ

¬��ugPg�%�>PYZyL@C673F17>P8|>CJQ��/2@C67BN.��E5bC>P673u:<.0YZ1�J_>P6��`@[17/K�O:N@M:<35>C8��«>OB{@[:735>P8��ayR:73uzY^3F�{@[:735>P8vÅ_~�3F:7.���D0EF:73uz�14:N@[64:�\T@C80=0>CYã�o@CE5d�Ç��-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ¼C®

¬��ug�ð�%�>PYZyL@C673F17>P8|>CJQ��/2@C67BN.��E5bC>P673u:<.0YZ1�J_>P6��`@[17/K�O:N@M:<35>C8��«>OB{@[:735>P8��ayR:73uzY^3F�{@[:735>P8vÅ�gK�R@CYZy0E5/a\TD08LÇK�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ¼;¬

¬��ugfñ&%�>PYZyL@C673F17>P8|>CJQ��/2@C67BN.��E5bC>P673u:<.0YZ1�J_>P6��`@[17/K�O:N@M:<35>C8��«>OB{@[:735>P8��ayR:73uzY^3F�{@[:735>P8vÅ­�)/935bP. c >P67.R>�>O=|���<>=?3@�BA����Rg�Ç �-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ¼;ª

¬��ug{®¡%�>PYZyL@C673F17>P8|>CJQ��/2@C67BN.��E5bC>P673u:<.0YZ1�J_>P6��`@[17/K�O:N@M:<35>C8��«>OB{@[:735>P8��ayR:73uzY^3F�{@[:735>P8vÅ­�)/935bP. c >P67.R>�>O=|���<>=?3@�BA��Rg�Ç��K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ¼;ª

¬��ug�¬�%�>PYZyL@C673F17>P8|>CJQ��/2@C67BN.��E5bC>P673u:<.0YZ1�J_>P6��`@[17/K�O:N@M:<35>C8��«>OB{@[:735>P8��ayR:73uzY^3F�{@[:735>P8vÅ­�)/935bP. c >P67.R>�>O=|���<>=?3@�BAug�Ç���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ¼Ph

¬��ug��&%�>PYZyL@C673F17>P8|>CJQ��/2@C67BN.��E5bC>P673u:<.0YZ1�J_>P6��`@[17/K�O:N@M:<35>C8��«>OB{@[:735>P8��ayR:73uzY^3F�{@[:735>P8vÅ­�)/935bP. c >P67.R>�>O=¯%�Ç �-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� ¼Ph

��3FU

Page 17: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¬��ug�ªt��/21�:) �358L@[E«��>PEFDR:<3F>P8�J_>P6��`@[17/K�O:N@M:<35>C8��«>OB{@[:735>P8|� 64> c E5/9Y �-���K�-�K� h��

�R�ug ��GOy03FB{@CE«�H8R3F:<35@CEW�$>P358;:�J_>P6� �3u��/2=��)/�:H~�>P64dw��>Cy�>PEF>PbCG���358R35YZ35�{@M:<35>C8 � hPñ

�R�¿ð �)3F14:<>CbP6<@CY¡>CJR%�>P1�:<1«J_>P6« �3 ��/2=��)/�:H~�>C67d��$>Py�>CE5>PbCG��3F8035YZ35�2@[:<3F>P8)��64> c zE5/9Y �-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K���-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� hC®

�R�¾ñ ��/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/ >CJR\)@[80=0>PY¡�@CEFd)�)E5bP>C673F:7.0YZ1�J_>P6« �3u��/2=-�)/�:H~�>C67d��$>Py�>CEuz>PbCGw��y�:<35YZ35�2@[:<3F>P8±���-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� h��

�R�Ä® ��/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/w>CJ)��3FY}D0E5@[:</9=�808R/{@CEF3580b"~�3u:<.���/2>PYZ/9:7673FBw%�>O>PE53F80b"J_>P6 �3u��/9=��T/9:H~#>P67dw�$>Py�>PE5>CbCG|�ayR:735YZ35�{@M:<35>C8vÅ�gfÇ �-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� hP¼

�R�¿¬ ��/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/w>CJ)��3FY}D0E5@[:</9=�808R/{@CEF3580b"~�3u:<.���/2>PYZ/9:7673FBw%�>O>PE53F80b"J_>P6 �3u��/9=��T/9:H~#>P67dw�$>Py�>PE5>CbCG|�ayR:735YZ35�{@M:<35>C8vÅÂðCÇ �-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� hPh

�R��� ��/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/a>CJ��O35Y}D0E5@[:</9=^�)8080/2@CE53F80b�~�3F:7.w�«>Pb;@C643F:7.0Y^3FBT%�>�>CE5358RbKJ_>P6 �3u��/9=��T/9:H~#>P67dw�$>Py�>PE5>CbCG|�ayR:735YZ35�{@M:<35>C8 �K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� g����

�R�¿ª ��/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/a>CJ��O35Y}D0E5@[:</9=��8R80/{@CEF3580b-~�3F:7.|�Q��y�>P80/98,:73V@CEW%�>�>CE5358RbKJ_>P6 �3u��/9=��T/9:H~#>P67dw�$>Py�>PE5>CbCG|�ayR:735YZ35�{@M:<35>C8vÅ�gfÇ �-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� g��Pð

�R�¾¼ ��/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/a>CJ��O35Y}D0E5@[:</9=��8R80/{@CEF3580b-~�3F:7.|�Q��y�>P80/98,:73V@CEW%�>�>CE5358RbKJ_>P6 �3u��/9=��T/9:H~#>P67dw�$>Py�>PE5>CbCG|�ayR:735YZ35�{@M:<35>C8vÅÂðCÇ �-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� g��Pð

�R�¾h ��/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/a>CJ��O35Y}D0E5@[:</9=��8R80/{@CEF3580b-~�3F:7.|�Q��y�>P80/98,:73V@CEW%�>�>CE5358RbKJ_>P6 �3u��/9=��T/9:H~#>P67dw�$>Py�>PE5>CbCG|�ayR:735YZ35�{@M:<35>C8vÅ­ñPÇ �-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� g��Pð

�R�ug�����/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/�>CJ0��@ c D}��/{@[67BN.KJ_>C6� �3u��/2=K�)/�:H~�>P64d���>Py�>PEF>PbCG��ayR:735YZ35�2@Mz:<3F>P8�Å�g�Ç �-�K�-�-�K���-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� g��Cñ

�OU

Page 18: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

�R�ugPg���/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/�>CJ0��@ c D}��/{@[67BN.KJ_>C6� �3u��/2=K�)/�:H~�>P64d���>Py�>PEF>PbCG��ayR:735YZ35�2@Mz:<3F>P8�ÅÂðPÇ �-�K�-�-�K���-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� g��[®

�R�ug�ðt��/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/">[J-��/980/9:735B¯�EFbP>P673u:<.0YZ1?J_>P6^ �3u��/2=x�)/�:H~�>P64d!�$>Py�>PE5>CbCG�ayR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8 �-�K���-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� g����

�R�ugfñ&%�>PYZyL@C673F17>P8?>[J«��/[email protected]�EFbP>P643F:<.RY^1$J_>P6� �3u��/9=^�T/9:H~#>P67d?�$>Py�>PE5>CbCG��ay�z:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8'Å�5DC�E$FG3¡ñBHI5JCLKBEM3Û¬��BHONQPSR TJU4V3Ûð��;Ç �K�-���K�-�K� g��Pª

�R�ug{®¡%�>PYZyL@C673F17>P8?>[J«��/[email protected]�EFbP>P643F:<.RY^1$J_>P6� �3u��/9=^�T/9:H~#>P67d?�$>Py�>PE5>CbCG��ay�z:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8!Å�5JC�EWFQ3Íñ.HI5DCBKBEX3ͬ��BHONQPSR TJU4VY3×ð��PÇIÅ�gw�R@CYZy0E5/\TDR8AÇ �K�-�K�-�-�K���-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� g��C¼

�R�ug�¬�%�>PYZyL@C673F17>P8?>[J«��/[email protected]�EFbP>P643F:<.RY^1$J_>P6� �3u��/9=^�T/9:H~#>P67d?�$>Py�>PE5>CbCG��ay�z:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8'Å�5DC�E$FG3Ûð.HI5JCLKBEM3Ûð��BHONQPSR TJU4V3�g�¬PÇ �K�-���K�-�K� gPgZ�

�R�ug��&%�>PYZyL@C673F17>P8?>[J«��/[email protected]�EFbP>P643F:<.RY^1$J_>P6� �3u��/9=^�T/9:H~#>P67d?�$>Py�>PE5>CbCG��ay�z:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8'Å�5DC�E$FG3Ûª.HI5JCLKBEM3Ûð����BHIN@PSR T+U[V\3�ñ��;Ç-�K�-���K�-�K� gPgZ�

�R�ug�ªt�Q��/9B9:)>CJ��)/935bP. c >P67.R>�>O="�a/�XL803u:<35>C8¯>C8v��/2@C67BN.'�)E5bP>C673F:7.0YZ1�J_>P6T �3u��/9=�)/�:H~�>P64dw��>Cy�>PEF>PbCG��ayR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8'Å­�a/9UO35@[:<3F>P8w>CJ����0%��¯>�UC/21<ÇI�K�-�K� gPgCg

�R�ugf¼��Q��/9B9:#>CJW�T/23FbP. c >P64.0>O>�=Z�a/9X0803F:735>P8?>P8I��67/2/9=RG^��/[email protected]_>P6� �3u��/2=Z�T/9:4z~�>C67d��$>Py�>PE5>Pb[G|�ayR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8'Å_J_>P6�=R3F��/267/98;:T���T�"��>fUC/212ÞÅ']_^��B]a`�Ç4Ç�� gPg{ñ

�R�ugfh��Q��/9B9:�>CJ��T/235bC. c >P64.0>�>O=��a/�XL803u:<35>C8I>P8|\T@C80=0>CY �o@CEFd"Å_yb3Y���c�;¬CÇ�J_>P6 �3u��/9=q�)/�:H~�>P64do�$>Py�>PE5>Pb[G���y�:<35YZ35�2@[:<3F>P8!Å_J_>P6K=03F��/264/28;:����T�q�¯>�UC/219ÞÅ']_^��.]a`�Ç4Ç©�-�K�-�-�K���-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� gPg{ñ

�OUO3

Page 19: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

�R�¿ð����Q��/9B9:S>CJR�)/935bP. c >P67.0>O>O=��a/9XL8R3F:<3F>P8a>P8K��3FY}D0E5@[:</9=a�808R/{@CEF3580b�J_>C6« �3u��/9=�)/�:H~�>P64dw��>Cy�>PEF>PbCG��ayR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8'Å_J_>P6�=03u��/967/98,:)���T�¯��>fUP/912ÞaÅ']_^��B]a`�Ç7Ç0gPg{ñ

�R�¿ð�g��Q��/9B9:->CJ��T/23FbP. c >P64.0>O>�=©�a/�XL803F:735>P8v>C8���@ c Do��/{@[67BN.�J_>C6� �3u��/2=��T/9:4z~�>C67d��$>Py�>PE5>Pb[G|�ayR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8'Å_J_>P6�=R3F��/267/98;:T���T�"��>fUC/212ÞÅ']_^��B]a`�Ç4Ç�� gPg2®

�R�¿ðPðt�Q��/9B9:T>CJ �T/23FbP. c >P64.0>O>�=|�a/�XL803F:735>P8|>P8���/280/�:<3FB-�)E5bP>C673F:7.0Y J_>P6� �3u��/9=�)/�:H~�>P64dw��>Cy�>PEF>PbCG��ayR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8'Å_J_>P6�=03u��/967/98,:)���T�¯��>fUP/912ÞaÅ']_^��B]a`�Ç7Ç0gPg2®

�R�¿ðCñ&%�>PYZyL@C673F17>P8?>[J«��/[email protected]�EFbP>P643F:<.RY^1$J_>P6� �3u��/9=^�T/9:H~#>P67d?�$>Py�>PE5>CbCG��ay�z:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8'ÅÂ%�>PYZy0E5/�:</9EFGI\)@C8R=0>PY£�T/235bC. c >P64.0>�>O=AÇ �K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� gPgf¬

�R�¿ð[®¡�R@CYZy0E5/T �3F8L@CE���>CE5DR:735>P8�> c :<@C358R/2=^~�3u:<.���/980/9:735BT�E5bC>P673u:<.0YZ1QJ_>P6� �3u��/9=�)/�:H~�>P64da�$>Py�>CE5>PbCGa�ayR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8�Å�5JC�EWFd3ÛñBHe5DCBKBEM3�¬��.HON@PSR TJU4V3ð��;Ç!�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K���-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� gPgfª

�R�¿ðP¬��R@CYZy0E5/T �3F8L@CE���>CE5DR:735>P8�> c :<@C358R/2=^~�3u:<.���/980/9:735BT�E5bC>P673u:<.0YZ1QJ_>P6� �3u��/9=�)/�:H~�>P64da�$>Py�>CE5>PbCGa�ayR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8�Å�5JC�EWFd3�ª.He5DCBKBEM3�ð����BHON@PfR TJU4V3ñ��;Ç!�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K���-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-�K�-���K�-�-�K�-�K�-�-�K�-���K�-�K� gPg{¼

�OU�3F3

Page 20: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

å   p�� m�§²n g

h Ò×mon � Ô 1 rtm ��� Ò

ikj�i lnmpo_qsrutwvDxQyzru{ { |}t}~��fv+�)~�rut ���bqa�9mp{ q

�H8�:<.R/aEV@C1�:�:H~#>�=0/2B2@C=0/219�0~�3564/2E5/9171`B9>PYZY}D0803FB{@[:735>P8Z14GO14:7/2YZ1�17D0BN.¯@C1�B2>P64=0E5/9171�y0.0>C80/219�yL@CbC3580bv1�G�1�:</9Y^19��~�3F67/2EF/2141?=L@[:N@'8R/9:H~#>P67d,12��1<@[:7/2E5EF3F:7/�z c @C17/9=q@C80=�B2/9E5EFD0EV@C6KY^> c 35EF/^1�G�1�z:</9Y^1�.L@{UP/ c /2/28qbP@C35803F80b"1�:</2@C=035EuGP� c >C:7.358y�>Py0DREV@C6K35YZy�>P6�:N@C8RB2/^@C80=:</9BN.080>PEF>PbP3FB{@CE17>Cy0.0351�:<3FB{@[:735>P8W�w��.R/IXL671�:4z�bP/280/96<@[:735>P8�~�3564/2E5/9171-14GO14:7/2YZ1�~#/267/I=0/9UC/2E5>Cy�/9=q358�:7.0/IE5@[:</gfh;ªW�R½¾1^@C80=�gfhP¼��R½Ä1�@[80=x~#/267/ c @C17/9=�>P8t@[8L@CE5>Cb�:7/2BN.080>CE5>PbCG�Å_17D0BN.¡@C1Z:<.0/��=RU[@C80B9/��> c 35E5/�� .0>C80/^��/26�U�3FB2/"ÅÆ�a�"���0Ç c Gv� ����� @[80=o�T>P67=R35BZ��> c 35E5/?�$/2EF/2y0.R>P80/�Å­����TÇc G¯� 6735B91714>P8AÇ����)1T=R/2Y^@C80=¯3580B967/{@[17/2="@C80=|=03FbP3F:<@CE�:7/2BN.080>CE5>PbCG�YI@[:7D067/9=|358w:<.0/�gfhC¼��R½Ä1@C80=�gfhPh���½¾1�:<.0/K17/9B2>P80=OzHbP/980/267@[:<3F>P8"=03FbP3F:<@CEW~�3564/2EF/2171T14GO1�:</2YZ1~#/264/�=0/91735bC80/2=�Å_17D0BN.©@[1��E5> c @[E«�OGO14:7/2YsJ_>P6T�¯> c 35EF/-%�>PYZY}D0803FB{@[:735>P801aÅÂ�-�0�'Ç`358¯� D064>Py�/-@C8R=��a3FbP3F:<@CE����"���358|�T>P64:7.��)Y^/9673FB{@;Ç��Q��.0/214/K1�GO14:</9Y^19�AB2D06467/28;:7EFGw3F8wD017/[��>[��/96�.035bP.R/26�14GO1�:</2Y£B2@CyL@CB93F:HG@C80=?3FY^yR67>fUP/9=Z],DL@[E53F:HG->CJ�14/264UO3FB2/C� ��.R3567=OzHbP/980/267@[:<3F>P8}14GO1�:</2YZ12�,64/9J_/26467/9=�:7>�@C1Qy�/26417>P8L@[EB2>CY^Y}DR8035B2@[:<3F>P8K1�GO14:</9Y^1�Å­��%��0Ç��C@C67/#B2D06467/98,:7EFGKD080=0/96Q=0/�UP/2EF>Py0YZ/28;:�@C8R=?@C67/#/���y�/2B9:7/2=

g

Page 21: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ð

:<> c /�=0/2y0EF>fGP/2="@[:�:<.R/ c /2bC3580803F80b?>CJ$:<.0/Kð�g214:TB2/98,:7D064G\� g��­�>�¾ð��Â�

��.0/aD�:<35EF35�2@[:<3F>P8?>CJW~�3F67/2EF/2141�B2>CY^Y}DR8035B2@[:<3F>P801 .L@C1#17.0>f~�8wbP64>f~�:<.�67@[:</91�>CJ$ðW�Mz�¬����*y�/96GP/2@C6S358�U[@C673F>PD01«yL@[64:<1S>CJO:<.R/Q~�>P64E5=W�$�1«:7.0/ c /980/9X0:71�>[JR=03FbP3F:<@CE[:7/2BN.08R>PE5>Pb[G�@C64/�64/{@CEF35�9/2=W�3F:�3F1�/���y�/9B9:7/2=":7.L@[:T:<.0/967/�~�35E5E c /�=0/9YI@C8R=¯J_>P6�:7.0/-:76<@C8R17YZ35171435>P8|>CJ�.035bC.�z c @[80=R~�35=�:<.W�.03FbP.�zH],DL@[E53F:HG�Y}D0Eu:<3FY^/9=03V@I3F8RJ_>P64YI@[:735>P8"B2>P8;:</98;:}>fUP/96-:7.0/214/^1�G�1�:</9Y^19����.0/^�#%���bP>;@CE351#:<>?y064>�UO3F=0/a:<>?/�UP/26�GwD014/26`:<.R/�@ c 35EF3F:HG?:7>Z/���BN.L@C80bP/�14D0BN.|358RJ_>P64YI@M:<35>C8I17/9B2D064/2EuGI~�3F:7.@C8;GP>C80/C� @[8,G,:735YZ/C��@C8;GO~�.R/267/I358�:7.0/�~�>P64E5=W��D0173F80b�@�D0803F],D0/Iy�/26417>P8L@[E�:7/2EF/2B2>CY^Y}DR803uzB{@M:<35>C8I8,D0Y c /26�ÅÆ� ���aÇ�����>�Y^/9/9:�:7.0/214/aBN.L@CEFE5/980bP358RbK/��Ry�/2B�:N@[:735>P8R12�03F8,:7/280143FUC/67/917/[email protected]@C1 c /9/28?D08R=0/26�:N@Cd[/28?358�67/2B9/28;:QGC/{@C641�:<>)=0/9UC/2E5>Cy�@)17>Cy0.0351�:<3FB{@[:7/2=?��%��K~�3F:7.�3F80B264/{@C14/2=80/�:H~�>P64dKB2@CyL@CB93F:HGK@C80=�y�/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/C�Q�a80/�>CJR:<.0/�:<67/980=01Q3F8K:7.0351�67/214/{@C64BN.?.L@C1 c /9/28}:<.R/bP64>�~�3F80b�3580B9>P67y�>P67@[:<3F>P8w>CJ��64:73FXLB93V@CE��H8,:7/2EFE535bC/280B9/ZÅÆ���Ç�:7/2BN.0803F],D0/21)358;:<>�17DRBN.'14GO14:7/2YZ1�áñW�Â�

�«35d[/K@[E5EW/980bP358R/2/2643580b�/980=0/{@{UC>P6719��:<.R/-14D c Ü4/9B9:a>[J�YZ> c 3FE5/aB9>PY^Y�D08035B2@[:<3F>P801�@[E517> c 643580bC1~�3F:7.�3F:�@'~�.0>PEF/w.0>P1�:�>CJB9>PYZy0E5/��=0/9173FbP8!3F1714D0/219�q�£8ODRY c /96?>CJ)351714D0/21�3F8�64/214>PD067B9/@CEFE5>OB{@[:735>P8W��=0/91735bC8o@C8R=�yREV@C808R3580bw>CJ#YZ> c 35EF/}B2>CY^Y}DR8035B2@[:<3F>P801B2@C8 c /?J_>P64Y}D0EV@M:</2=©@[1B2>CY c 3580@[:<>P643V@CE�>PyR:735YZ35�{@M:<35>C8'y067> c E5/9Y^19�w�"@C8;G©>CJ#:<.0/917/^y067> c E5/2YZ1-@C67/Z�)�Qz�.L@C64= � ®��Â�BN.L@C67@CB9:7/26435�2/9= c G�17/[email protected]@CB9/21I:7.L@[:Z3580B967/2@C17/¯/���y�>P80/28;:73V@CEFEFG~�3u:<.�:<.0/¯173F�2/¯>CJa:<.R/358Ry0DR:{�?��.R/9G�@C64/}:<.0/967/9J_>C67/�358;:<67@CB9:<@ c EF/�:<>¯17>PEFDR:<3F>P8'D0143580b�@C8L@[EFG,:<3FB{@CE�@Cy0y064>;@CBN.0/91->C6173FY^yRE5/�=0/9:7/264Y^3F80351�:<35B�@[E5bP>P643F:7.0Y^19���T/2D064351�:<35BK@C80=�14:7>�BN.L@[14:<3FB�14/{@C64BN. c @C14/2='>Py�:<35YZ35�2@Mz:<3F>P8|y067>OB2/9=0D064/21�J_67>PYã���>[��/96�Y^>P64/�@Cy0y064>Py0643V@[:7/�@CEF:7/26780@[:<3uUP/219�

Page 22: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ñ

ikjO� ��m4v�o_��� ��mp���}t}~Z��|wmpq���ruo���x�r��wvDxn���G�)~Z{ ~��Sv+�)~�rut

�`:�@ c >CDR:S:<.0/�1<@CYZ/ :<3FY^/�@C1«:7.0/�@[=RUP/98,:�>CJR:7.0/�XL671�:�bP/980/267@[:<3F>P8�~�3567/9E5/9171S14GO14:7/2YZ12�P14>PYZ/67> c D014:?@C80=q/9��/2B�:<3uUP/w17/[email protected]:7/2BN.0803F],D0/21?J_>P6K>PyR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8v~#/264/w358;UP/98,:7/2=qz-��/280/�:<3FB�EFbP>P643F:<.RY^1KÅÂ����ÇKÅ­�T>PE5E5@C80=W�Sgfh;ªC¬w�¾¬��°Ç��S��3FY}D0EV@M:</2=¯�8R80/{@CEF3580bvÅÂ���aÇ�Å­e�3F67d,yL@[:76735BNd|/�:@CE­�F��gfhP¼Pñ����W�VÇ��«@C8R=v��@ c Do�O/{@C64BN.tÅ_�T�0Ç}ÅÂ��E5>fUC/262��gfhP¼���� g�¬ �VÇ��-��.0/917/?:</9BN.08035],D0/91K.0@fUC/y064>�UC/2=¯:<> c /�UC/26�Gw/9��/2B�:<3FUC/K3F8wy067>fUO35=R3580b?bP>O>O=w17>PEFDR:<3F>P801�:7>^�)��zH.L@C64=|B2>PY c 358L@[:7>P6735@CE>PyR:735YZ35�2@[:<3F>P8ay064> c E5/9Y^1«3F8Ky�>PEuG�8R>PY^35@CE[:735YZ/�� g�ªZ�Â����.0/�@[y0y0E53FB{@[:735>P8�>[J�:7.0/214/#:</9BN.0803F]ODR/21:<>�@�EV@C64bP/K8,D0Y c /96�>CJ XL/2EF=01a14D0BN.�@C1a358R=0D014:76735@CE�yR67>O=0D0B9:735>P8���Y^@C8L@CbP/9Y^/98;:{�AXL8L@C80B93V@CE17/964UO35B9/219�;b;@CYZ/#:<.R/2>P6�GP�P:</9E5/9B2>PYZY}D0803FB{@[:735>P8R12��bP6<@[y0.}:<.0/9>P64GC� c 3F>PE5>PbC35B{@[EPY^>O=0/9E5358Rb0�C@[80=à��$���#.L@C1 c /2/28¯358RB267/2@C173F80b�14:7/{@C=03FEFG^J_67>PY :<.0/�YZ35=|¼��R½Ä1�:<.064>PD0bP.|:<.R/Kh��R½¾19�

��.0/-@Cy0yRE535B2@[:<3F>P8�>CJS:7.0/214/K14/{@C64BN."@CEFbP>P643F:<.RY^1�:<>?:<.0/aX0/2E5=|>CJ�YZ> c 35EF/B9>PY^Y�D08035B2@[:<3F>P801351)14:735E5ES3F8"3F:713F8RJÆ@C80B�GP�a�)1>CJ :7.0/}=L@[:7/�>CJ ~�643F:73580b0�A:<.R/267/�.L@{UP/ c /2/98�EF3F:4:<E5/�YZ>P64/K:<.0@C8:H~#/28;:HG�yL@Cy�/2641?y0D c EF3517.R/2=q=0/917B2643 c 3F80b':<.R/wD017/w>CJ�:7.0/214/|:7/2BN.08R35],D0/21?J_>P6�y067> c E5/2YZ1}3F8YZ> c 35EF/�B2>PYZY}D0803FB{@[:735>P8R12��80/{@C64EFG�@CEFE$~�643F:7:7/28'3F8":<.R/}yL@C1�:aX0UP/}GC/{@C6412����.03F1a351)B2/26�:N@C3F8:<>-BN.L@C8RbP/`z�:7.0/264/)3F1�@-bC67>f~�3580b�3F8,:7/264/214:�3F8�:7.0/TDR:<3FE535�2@[:<3F>P8�>[J�:<.R/217/�:</9BN.0803F]ODR/21#:7>�XL80=c /9:7:7/269��YZ>P67/�>PyR:735Y^@CEQ14>PE5DR:735>P8R1a:<>"yR67> c EF/2YZ1�~�.0/264/�@C=�z�.0>OB^@[y0y067>[email protected]/21K.L@{UP/ c /9/28DR:735E53F�2/9=w.03F:7.0/26�:<>�=0D0/�:<>�B9>PY^yRDR:N@[:735>P80@CE�3F8,:76<@CB�:N@ c 35E53u:HGP�

ikjI¡ �¢�wmpq9~�q¤£6m[q9�So_~Z�G�9~�rut vDt}¥ ��|G�)xZ~Ztwm

��.03F1T:7.0/214351T351�B2>C80B2/96780/9='~�3F:<.|:<.R/-/9Y^yR35673FB{@CEW@C8L@CEuG�14351�>CJ�:<.0/-y�/964J_>P64YI@[80B2/�>CJ�17/{@[67BN.:</9BN.0803F]ODR/21�J_>P6S:H~#>>PyR:735YZ35�2@[:<3F>P8�y067> c E5/9Y^1«:<.0@[:Q@[673514/#3F8-:7.0/�yREV@C808R3580bT>CJ0YZ> c 3FE5/ B9>PY�zY}D08R35B{@M:<35>C8¯1�GO14:</9Y^1Tz�:7.0/K=R/2173FbP8">[J�@^EF>�~`z�B2>P1�:):7>Py�>PE5>Pb[GIJ_>P6�:<.0/�XR��/2=vy�>P6�:<35>C8�>CJQ@

Page 23: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

®

B2/9E5EFD0EV@C6�80/9:H~#>P67dA�R@C80=�:<.0/TE5>OB{@[:735>P8�>CJ c @[17/�:<6<@[8017YZ3F:4:<358Rb�14:N@M:<35>C801 :<>�YI@��R3FY^3F�2/`67@C=03F>B2>fUC/26<@[bP/~�.03FE5/TY^3F8035YZ35�93580b)/2],D035yRY^/98,:`@C80=�Y^@C3F8,:7/28L@[80B2/TB2>P1�:<19��%�.0@CyR:</96�ð�y067>fUO35=0/91@�17D0YZY^@C64G)>CJ�B2>PY c 358L@[:7>P6735@CEM>PyR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8��2@C8R=K=0/917B9673 c /21«:7.0/QJ_>PD06«14/{@C64BN.}@CEFbP>P673u:<.0YZ1J_>P6QbCE5> c @[E�>Py�:<35YZ35�2@[:<3F>P8�:<.L@[:�@[67/�@C8L@[EFGO�2/9=?358}:<.R351�:7.0/214351Qz$\T@C80=0>PY��o@CE5dA�O��3FY}D0EV@M:</2=�8R80/{@CEF3580bR�Q��/280/�:<3FBI�EFbP>P643F:<.RY^19��@[80=��@ c D���/2@C67BN.��v%�.L@Cy�:</26}ñ�=0/9Y^>P8R14:<67@[:</91�:<.R/=03§¦^B9D0EF:735/91 3580.0/967/98,:�3F8�@[:7:7/2YZyR:<3F80ba:<>-=0/214B2643 c /�:7.0/�y�/964J_>P64YI@[80B2/�>CJ�:<.R/217/)@CEFbP>P673u:<.0YZ1@C8L@[EFG,:<3FB{@CEFEFGP�,@[80=�y064>�UO3F=0/21`:7.0/67@[:<3F>P8L@CEF/TJ_>P6#/2YZy0356435B2@CEA@C8L@CEuGO17351#>CJ«:<.R/217/�@[E5bP>P643F:7.0Y^19���>PYZ/T80/2B9/21717@C64G�B2>P801435=0/96<@[:735>P8R1#>CJ�JÆ@C356480/2141#~�.03FE5/Ty�/964J_>P64Y^3F80bK/���y�/96735YZ/28;:<@CE�B9>PYZyL@C6�z3514>P8©>CJ�@CE5bP>C673F:7.0YZ1a@C64/^@[E517>|=0/917B9673 c /2=��Z� 14D064UC/9G�>CJ�:<.0/�/���3F14:<3F80b|E53u:</267@[:<DR67/}>P8©:<.R/@Cy0yRE535B2@[:<3F>P8�>CJR17/{@[67BN.�:7/2BN.0803F],D0/21�:7>)yR67> c EF/2YZ1S358-Y^> c 35E5/ B9>PYZY}D0803FB{@[:735>P801�351Sy067>fUO35=R/2=358�%�.L@CyR:7/26#®0��%�.L@Cy�:</26`¬K=0/917B2643 c /21�:<.0/ c @C17/)14:<@[:<3F>P8IEF>�B2@[:<3F>P8�y067> c E5/2Y @[80=�y064/217/98;:<1:<.R/67/917D0Eu:<1#>CJW/��Ry�/26435YZ/28;:<1�:<.L@M:`14:7D0=03F/2=^:7.0/y�/26�J_>P67Y^@C80B9/)>[J«/{@CBN.I17/{@[67BN.�:</9BN.0803F]ODR/21J_>P6-=03F��/264/28;:}yR67> c EF/2Y�@C8R=@CEFbP>P673u:<.0Y×yL@C6<@[Y^/�:</26412�|� .0/{@C=Oz�:<>MzH.0/2@C=oB9>PY^y0@C673F17>P8�>CJ:<.R/-U[@C6435>PD01T@CEFbP>P643F:<.RY^1�~�@C1@CE514>^y�/26�J_>P67YZ/2=|J_>P6�:<.03F1)yR67> c EF/2Y¯��%�.L@[yR:</964�Z=0/214B2673 c /91:<.R/"80/�:H~�>P64d�:7>Py�>PE5>Pb[G>PyR:735YZ35�2@[:<3F>P8qy067> c E5/9Y���@C80=ty064/214/28;:<1�1435YZ35E5@C6}/���y�/26435YZ/28;:N@CE=L@[:<@w17.0>f~�358Rb|:7.0/?y�/264J_>C67Y^@C80B2/?>[J�:7.0/�17/2@C67BN.©:</9BN.08035],D0/91-J_>C6�=03F��/264/28;:�yL@C67@CY^/�:</96712�%�.L@Cy�:</26)ª?y067>fUO35=R/21�17>PYZ/�B2>C80B2EFD0=0358RbZB9>PYZY^/98,:712�

Page 24: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

å   p�� m�§²n ¨

¤Î§²p�n�r!  â §Õr!  Ò �9©�1 §*l ä�� n ª ¢ � k ps¢

« � m � Ö �a¬ p m ��� Ò

��j�i yzru{ �}~ZtwvJ�sr�o_~�vDx@���G�)~�{ ~��Sv+�)~�rut

�8|>Py�:<35YZ35�2@[:<3F>P8Zy067>OB2/9=0D067/�14/2/2d,1�:<>?XL8R=|:7.0/�>PyR:735Y^@CE�17>PEFDR:<3F>P8®­ ¯°3²±�³µ´>¶W·QÅ�­�Ç�¸ ­}¹V�º,�)~�.0/967/X·¨351�:<.R/�B9>P14:|J_D08RB9:<3F>P8ÕÅ­@CEF17>qd,80>f~�8¨@[1|:7.0/©> c Ü4/9B9:<3uUP/vJ_D080B�:<3F>P8AÇ^~�3F:7.=0>PY^@C3F8XV�z�:<.0/Z17/�:�>CJ�y�>C17173 c E5/�14>PE5DR:735>P8R1a:<>|:<.0/ZbP3FUC/28�y067> c E5/9Y��Z� B2>PY c 358L@[:7>P6735@CE>PyR:735YZ35�2@[:<3F>P8^yR67> c EF/2Y 351#=0/9XL8R/2=�@C1�@C8w>Py�:<35YZ35�2@[:<3F>P8Zy067> c E5/2Y ~�.0/967/+Vq.L@C1`=03F17B967/9:7/YZ/2Y c /26412���&.R/28�:<.0/�y064> c EF/2Y*B9>PYZy0E5/��R3u:HG�3F1 E5>f~��P/93F:<.R/26�@C8�/���.L@[D014:73FUP/�14/{@C64BN.^>CJ�:<.R/17y0@CB2/[��>C6�=0/�:</264Y^3F80351�:<3FBI@CEFbP>P643F:<.RY^1^ÅÆ14D0BN.�@C1}�«3F80/{@C6�@C80=��T>P80E53F80/{@[6�� 67>CbP6<@CYZYZ3580b�Ĭ��W�­�S�G�80@CY^3FB}� 67>CbP6<@CYZYZ3580bw�¾¬�g"�Â�S�#6<@C80BN.Oz�@C80=Oz���>PDR80=o@[E5bP>P643F:7.0Y^1)@C80=©�$>PEFGO.0/9=06<@[E%�DR:4:<358Rb�� E5@C80/|@Cy0yR67>;@CBN.R/21G�¾¬Pð �°Ç�Y^@{G c /|D014/2=�:<>©> c :<@C358q:7.0/|17>PEFDR:<3F>P8W�q L>P6?YZ>P67/=03§¦^B9D0EF:Ky064> c E5/9Y^19��.R/2D0643514:735B^@C80=1�:<>OBN.L@C1�:<35B^17/2@C67BN.:7/2BN.0803F],D0/21}Y�D014: c /^/2YZy0E5>fGP/9=:<>?XL8R=¯:7.0/�>PyR:<3FYI@[E�y�>P358;:�358¯@?EV@[67bP/a14>PE5D�:<35>C8w17yL@CB9/C�

¬

Page 25: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

�35bCD067/-ð��ugPÞ �²��/280/96<@CES�T/23FbP. c >P64.0>O>�=�z c @C14/2=���/{@[67BN."�)E5bP>C673F:7.0Y J_>P6T�ayR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8

��jO� »�mp~�¼��½�Xruo_�wr�r½¥ ��m[v�o_���

��17D c 17/9:>CJ9V��L=R/2173FbP8L@[:7/2=d5Å'­�Ç��AYI@{G c /-@C1714>�B93V@[:7/2=|~�3F:7.�/2@CBN."y�>P358;:¾­}¹-V`�¿5Å'­�Ç351T67/�J_/26467/2=':7>w@C1T:<.0/�À�»"Á§Â$ÃBÄ"Å$ÆIÃ7Å�Å2º|>CJ)­S��`:/{@CBN.v1�:</9yW��YZ>P14:)17/[email protected]:7/2BN.0803F],D0/21J_>C6>PyR:735YZ35�2@[:<3F>P8y064>�B9/2/2=�J_67>PYÎ:<.0/¯B2D06467/98,:^y�>P358;:M­ c G�B2>C80173F=0/2643580b�@�y�>P3F8,:�>C6^@©17/�:>CJ�y�>P3F8;:<1�358b5Å'­�Ç����OD0BN."80/935bP. c >P67.R>�>O=�z c @C17/9=�14/{@C64BN.v@CE5bC>P673u:<.0YZ1`@C64/-:7.0/28¯=03u��/967/28Oz:<35@[:</9=�J_64>PY�/{@CBN.�>C:7.0/26 c G�:<.R/I~`@{G�358o~�.R35BN.:<.R/IB2>C80173F=0/264/2=qy�>P358;:<1�@C67/I@CB2B9/2yR:7/2=Å_UO35@�17>CY^/^17/2EF/2B�:<35>C8B2643F:</9673F>P8 c @[17/2=q>C8B2>P1�:�J_D08RB9:<3F>P8/�UC@[E5DL@[:735>P8R1NÇ��|��.0/IB2>PYZY^>C8358RbP67/9=035/98,:71?>CJ�@v80/935bP. c >P67.R>�>O= c @C17/9=!14/{@C64BN.!:7/2BN.0803F],D0/"@[67/|17.0>f~�8!358� �35bCD067/|ðO�FgP��«>�B2@CEQ14/{@C64BN.�:7/2BN.0803F],D0/21-17D0BN.�@C1�14:7/2/9y�/914:-=0/214B2/98,:}@CE5bC>P673u:<.0YZ1)YZ>fUP/}J_64>PY×y�>P358;:a:7>80/935bP. c >P673F80b|y�>P3F8;:{��@CB2B9/2yR:73580b�/{@CBN.14D0B2B9/214173FUC/wy�>C358;:K@C1�@|17>CE5DR:735>P8�>P80EuGv3FJ�3F:-.L@C1K@E5>f~#/26QB9>P14:�:<.L@C8}:7.0/`B9D06764/28;:�17>PEFDR:<3F>P8W�$��.0351�B{@CD014/21 /98,:76<@CyRY^/98,:�3F8�:<.R/`y�>C358;:�~�3u:<.}:<.R/E5>f~#/21�:aB2>C14:aJ_D08RB9:<3F>P8"3F8�:7.0/�80/935bP. c >P67.R>�>O=¯z`@^EF>�B2@CES>PyR:<3FY}D0Y¯�T��EF> c @CE«14/{@C64BN.':</9BN.�z

Page 26: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ª

803F]ODR/21 ^ yR67>fUO35=0/�@C8'/214B{@Cy�/�J_64>PY�17D0BN.v:<67@Cy01 c G�y064>�UO3F=03580bZ:<.0/�@ c 3FE53F:HGI:<>�14/2E5/9B9:73FUP/9EFG@CB9B2/2y�:�17D0B9B2/917173uUP/�y�>P358;:<1#/9UC/28w3FJ�:<.0/�GI.L@{UC/�@K.03FbP.0/26#B2>P1�:`:<.0@C8I:<.R/B2DR6767/98;:�17>PEFDR:<3F>P8W���.03F1�BN.0@CyR:</96�=0/214B2673 c /91�:7.0/�J_>PD06�@CEFbP>P643F:<.RY^1�/��R@CYZ3580/9=Z3F8?:<.03F1Q:<.0/9173519ÞQ\T@C80=0>CY*�@[E5dÅ­\W�ÛÇ�����/28R/9:<3FB|�E5bC>P673u:<.0YZ1|ÅÂ����Ç�����35Y�D0EV@[:7/2=��8R80/{@CEF3580b!Å­����Ç���@C80=x��@ c Dt��/{@[67BN.ÅÆ�T�RÇ��R��.R/217/�@[E5bP>P643F:7.0Y^1�@C64/)UC/264GI173FY^y0EF/@[80=�/{@[14GI:7>}35YZy0EF/2YZ/28;:ÅÆy�/267.0@Cy01�:7.0/aBN.03F/9J67/2@C17>C8�J_>P6�:7.0/23F6�y�>Py0DREV@C643F:HGRÇ��C@C80=?@C64/#UC/264GKbP/980/267@CE0@C8R=}67> c D014: 3F8K:7.0/23F6�1435YZy0E5/914:$J_>P67Yz`@C1714D0Y^3F80bZ80>C:<.R3580b^@ c >PDR:T:<.0/K14:<64D0B9:7D067/K>CJQ:7.0/K14yL@CB9/ c /93580bZ17/[email protected]/2=W�T��>^35YZy067>fUC/:<.R/2356�/"¦ZB235/980B9GI~�.0/28"@Cy0y0EF35/2=�:7>�17y�/2B23uXLB�y067> c E5/9Y^19��:<.R/9GwY^@{G c /-YZ>O=03FXL/9=w17D03u:N@ c EFGÅ_UO35@ c /9:7:7/26�80/23FbP. c >P64.0>O>�=K=0/9XL8R3F:<3F>P801<Ç$>P6$/9UC/28�.;G c 6735=R35�2/9=�~�3F:7.�.0/9D0673F14:735B#:7/2BN.08R35],D0/219��a80EFGw@ c 6435/�JQ=0/917B26435yR:735>P8¯351Ty064>�UO3F=0/2=�358w:<.03F1)BN.0@CyR:</962ÙAJ_>P6T@C8¯/���B2/9E5E5/98;:3F8,:767>O=0D0B�:<35>C8:<>?:7.0/�17D c Ü4/9B9:)>CJQ14/{@C64BN.¯:7/2BN.08R35],D0/21TJ_>P6�B2>CY c 3580@[:<>P643V@CE�>PyR:735YZ35�2@[:<3F>P8I14/2/®� g�ª��Â�

��jI¡ ÇÈvDt}¥wru{ É vDxZÊ

\T@C80=0>PY��o@CE5d�3F1^y�/264.L@Cy01I:7.0/'1435YZy0E5/914:^>CJ�:<.0/�80/23FbP. c >C67.0>O>�=Oz c @C14/2=t14/{@C64BN.t:</9BN.�z803F]ODR/212���`:T/{@CBN.¯14:7/2yW��@?y�>P358;:¾­7Ë̹}5Å'­�Ç�3F1�bP/280/96<@[:7/2=|J_67>PYã:<.0/�B2DR6767/98;:y�>P358;:¾­S����J­ Ë .0@C1�@TB2>P1�:�J_D08RB9:<3F>P8�/�U[@CE5DL@M:<35>C8-8R>C:�bC67/{@M:</26S:<.0@C8�:<.R/#B9D06764/28;: y�>P358;:�ŵ·QÅ'­ Ë Ç°ÍQ·QÅ'­�Ç7Ç��3F:�3F1�@CB2B9/2yR:7/2=w@[80=Z:7.0/�17/2@C67BN.�yR67>OB2/2/9=01 c G�14/9:4:<358Rb+­�3²­7Ë°�Q��JηQÅ�­7Ë Ç°Ï²·QÅ�­�Ç��;.0>f~�/�UP/962�:<.R/�y�>P3F8;:9­ Ë 351�@CB9B2/9yR:</9=Z~�3u:<.�@�y067> c @ c 3FE53F:HG¾Ð?z«~�.R35BN.Z351�:7.0/�y067> c @ c 3FE53F:HG->CJ�@CB9B2/9yR:<3F80bD0y0.R35E5E«YZ>fUP/912����.03F1)3F1T14.0>f~�8'358� �3FbPD067/Kð��¿ð���à�@[64GO3580b�:<.R/KyL@[6<@CYZ/9:7/26_Ð"J_67>CY��Z:7>�gP�ÑÓÒÕÔ ÖØ×µÖ[ÙcÚ¾Ú�Û"Ü°Ö[ÝÓÛ�Þ�ßáà$Ú�Ù�Û�Þu×µÖØâ�ã"×µä Ù�Þ âJÞ Û"Ü°ÖåÞ$ÝÓæçãIèµà ×�Ö4ÙcÞuèµÔ Öpæ�Ù�è�Öå×µãOè�à ×µÖ"é®ÒÕÔ ÖåÚ�ÖSè�ÖåÝêÔ$Þ Ùcë�à ÖìÚ¾ãO×µÖ

Ú�Û"Ü°ÖÓèµÙ�Ü°ÖåÚa×µÖÓßáÖØ×µ×µÖåä[èµÛ4ã�Úfí�æ�Û�ÝØã"æcîfÚ�ÖìãO×êÝêÔ[è�ÖåÝêÔ$Þ Ùcë�à ÖìÚ°ïáÖ"é â$é¾ð�ñeòeóõô>öWÖìÝØã"à$Ú�Ö¿è�Ô Öå÷pø ×µÛZÝØÖØÖìäpöZ÷:Ú�ÖìãO×êÝêÔ�ùÙcÞ â�Þ ÖØÙcâ"ÔZö�Û"×µÔ ÛZÛZä$Ú¿ÙcÞuèµÔ ÖpÚ�ÖìãO×êÝêÔ�Ú�ø$ã"ÝØÖ"é�ú'ÞuèµÔ ÙcÚ¾ÝêÔWãOø�èµÖØ×ìû�üÌÖpä�ÙçÚ�è�ÙcÞ â"à ÙçÚ�Ô�ö�ÖÓè�üýÖØÖåÞuæcÛZÝåãOæþÚ�Öåã"×µÝêÔø ×µÛ�ÝÓÖåä à ×�ÖìÚ�ï§Ú�à$ÝêÔuã�Ú¿Ú�è�ÖåÖØø�ÖåÚ�è�ä�ÖìÚ�ÝØÖØÞ�è�ãOæcâ"Û�×�Ù�è�Ô$Ü°ÚêôsèµÔ$ãIè°ãO×µÖ�Ú�à$ÚµÝÓÖåø�è�Ùcö æcÖ�èµÛ+ö�ÖØÙcÞ âpè�×êãOø$øWÖìäMÙ�Þuæ�Û"ùÝØã"æWÛ�ø�è�Ùcܾã ûZãOÞ$äfâ"æcÛ"ö$ã"æWÚ�Öåã"×µÝêÔ°ø ×µÛ�ÝÓÖåä à ×�ÖìÚ Ú�à$ÝêÔfã�ÚýÿsÖåÞ ÖÓèµÙcÝ��þæcâ"Û�×�Ù�è�ԠܾÚåû���Ù�Ü�à æcãOè�Öìä��þÞ Þ$ÖåãOæcÙcÞ â�ã"Þ$äÒBãOö à��ZÖåã"×µÝêÔ�ûeè�Ô$ãOè7ã"×�ÖýÝØã"ø$ãOö æcÖýÛOßWÖìÚ�ÝåãOø ÙcÞ â9Ú�àWÝêÔ¿Ü°Ù�Þ$Ù�ܾã)ãOÞWä_ø ×µÛ��ZÙcä�ÙcÞ âsâ"æcÛ"ö$ã"æ�æc÷9Û"ø�èµÙ�ܾã"æ Ú�Û�æ�à�èµÙ�Û�Þ$Úåé

Page 27: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¼

�35bPD064/-ð��¿ð�Þ�\)@[80=0>PY �@CEFd

~#/abP/9:`@K~�.0>PEF/)JÆ@CYZ35EuG?>CJS\T@C80=R>PY �o@CEFd�@CE5bP>C673F:7.0YZ1�:7.L@[:#6<@C8RbP/J_67>CY bP67/9/2=RGI17/{@[67BN.ÅáÐ 3 �;ÇK:<>©y0D064/2EuGq6<@C8R=0>PY¦14/{@C64BN. ÅõÐQ3¦g�Ç��q�H8�17/�UP/96<@CE�y064> c E5/9Y^1?>[J3F8,:7/264/214:Z>P8R/Y^@fG�/���y�/9B9:`:7.L@[:#17358RB2/bC67/2/9=RGZ17/2@C67BN.�~�3FE5EL67/917D0Eu:�3F8^:7.0/14/{@C64BN.�B2>P8;UC/267bC3580b�:7>}@-E5>OB{@CEYZ35803FY}D0Y¯�0@^14YI@[E5E«80>P8OzH�2/967>^D0y0.03FE5E«y064> c @ c 3FE53u:HG�B{@[8'.0/2EFy"3F8�/917B{@[y03580bI17D0BN.'YZ358R35Y^@R��&.0/98©:7.0/}D0yR.035EFE$yR67> c @ c 35EF3F:HG|351T:<>O>�.03FbP.W��.R>�~#/9UC/269�S:7.0/}14/{@C64BN. c /2B9>PYZ/21�YZ>P67/K6<@C8�z=0>PYÎ@C80=q:7.0/264/�YI@{G c /�@'y�/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/�=064>Pyq=0D0/�:7>':<.03F12�© L>P6}14>PYZ/�y067> c E5/9Y^19� @bP64/2/2=�G^14/{@C64BN.I:<.0@[:�351�67/9y�/2@[:</9=^J_67>CY =03F��/264/28;:�14:N@[64:<3F80b-y�>P3F8;:<1)ÅÆ14>PY^/�:<3FY^/91�d,80>f~�8w@[1Y}D0Eu:<3Fy0E5/�zH14:<@C64:aE5>OB{@CEQ14/{@C64BN.&ÅÂ�����RÇ7Ç�YI@{G c /ZD�:<35EF35�9/2=v:<>�3580B967/{@[17/�:<.0/Zy�>C17173 c 35EF3F:HG�>CJE5>OB{@M:<358Rb}80/{@[6�zH>CyR:<3FYI@CE�17>PEFDR:<3F>P8019�

Page 28: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

h

�3FbPD064/-ð��¿ñ�Þ���35Y}DREV@[:7/2=w�8R80/{@CEF3580b

��j� �½~�{ |}x�vJ�9m[¥ 6t}twm[v�xZ~�tw¼��.03F1@CEFbP>P643F:<.RY�=0/9673FUC/21)3F:<1�3F8017y03F6<@[:735>P8wJ_64>PYs:<.0/�:<.R/267YZ>O=RGO8L@CYZ35B�y064>�B9/2171 c Gw~�.R35BN.17>CE535=R1`@C64/.0/2@[:</9=�@[80=�B2>O>PEF/2=�bP67@C=0DL@[E5EFG�ÅÆ@C8080/2@CE5/9=AÇ�:7>?@�B26�GO14:N@[E5E53F80/1�:N@[:7/~�3F:7.�YZ358�z35Y�D0Y�/980/264bCGP�`�`:T/2@CBN.'14:7/2y�358w:<.0/K@CEFbP>P673u:<.0Yã@�y�>P3F8;:¾­7ËÕ¹�5Å'­�Ç�3F1�bP/280/96<@[:7/2=¯J_67>PY:<.R/�B2D06467/28;:�y�>P358;:a­S�Q��JA:<.0/�y�>P358;:�.L@C1�@aE5>f~#/26QB9>P14: J_DR80B9:735>P8}:7.L@C8�­Z3F: 3F1Q@CB9B2/9yR:</9=^D08OzB2>C80=03F:735>P80@CE5EuGP� c DR:`/9UP/98|3FJ«3u:`.L@C1�@}.035bC.0/26#B2>P1�:�3F:#351�@CB2B9/2yR:7/2=|y067> c @ c 3FE5351�:<3FB{@CEFEFGKD0173F80b:<.R/���/9:767>Py�>PEF351�B2643F:</9673F>P8"=0/917B9673 c /2= c /2EF>f~����.03F1a@CB9B2/2y�:N@C80B9/?y067> c @ c 3FE53F:HG�351yR67>Py�>P6�z:<3F>P8L@CEW:7>Z:7.0/�:</2YZy�/26<@M:<D064/+U >[JQ:<.0/K@C808R/{@CEF3580b�y064>�B9/21719��~�.03FBN."3F1TEF>f~�/967/2="bP6<@C=RDL@CE5EuG@C1�:<.R/K@[E5bP>P643F:7.0Y y067>OB2/9/2=019�#��.0/�y064>�B9/2=0DR67/-351�35EFE5D01�:<67@[:</9=w358¯ �35bCD067/�ðO�¿ñR�

��.0/^��/�:<67>Cy�>PEF351aB9673u:</26435>P8"351�@C1aJ_>PEFE5>f~�12ÞTJ_>P6[­ Ë ¹�5Å'­�Ç}�W:<.0/�y064> c @ c 3FE53u:HG¯:7.L@[:p­ Ë 3F1

Page 29: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

g��

17/9E5/9B9:</9="3F1<��� ���� 3Q±�³�´��Lg�H</���y���� ·QÅ�­ Ë Ç�� ·QÅ�­�ÇU ��� Å­ð��FgfÇ

�&.0/98U 351-.035bP.�35803u:<35@CE5EuGP��:7.0/264/I351�@�bP64/{@[:7/26Ky067> c @ c 35EF3F:HG">CJ�Y^@Cd,3580b¯D0y0.03FE5E�YZ>�UC/219�~�.03FBN.^@[E5E5>f~�1S:<.0/�14/{@C64BN.?:<>aJ_D0EFEFG-/���y0EF>P67/�:7.0/`14yL@CB2/[� ��: .L@C1 c /9/28�17.0>f~�8W� c G}YZ>O=0/2EF3580b���Õ@C1)�"@C64dC>fU¯y067>OB2/91717/91k� g�ð �­�L:<.L@[:��3FY}D0E5@[:</9=¯�)8080/2@CE53F80b?~�35E5E�B2>P8;UP/967bP/}@C14GOYZyR:<>C:73uzB{@[E5EFGZ:<>�:<.R/-bCE5> c @[E�>PyR:735Y}DRYãD08R=0/26�:H~�>ZB2>C80=03F:735>P8R12Þ

� �T>PY^>CbP/280/9>PD01�B2>P80=R3F:<3F>P8WÞ«3uJ0:<.0/#:</2YZy�/26<@M:<D064/�351$E5>f~#/264/2=?358}@C8;G-~�@{G�:7>[�R�C~�.R35E5/:7.0/IEF/280bC:7.�>[J`:<.0/^.0>PYZ>PbP/980/2>PDR1}�"@[67dC>fU�17/9]ODR/280B9/�Å_J_>P64Y^/9= c G©:<.0/^@CB2B9/2yR:7/2=y�>P358;:71NÇ`@[:�/2@CBN.�:7/2YZy�/96<@[:7D067/�3F1�3580B967/{@[17/2=¯:<>�358�XL803F:7/aE5/980bC:7.W�

� �H80.R>PY^>CbP/280/9>PD01-B2>P8R=03F:735>P8WÞ-3FJ�356467/214y�/9B9:73FUP/Z>CJ`:7.0/ZE5/28RbC:<.�>CJ`:7.0/214/I3514>C:<.R/267Y^@CE�"@[67dC>fU�BN.L@C3F8012�A:<.0/KB2>O>PE53F80b�17BN.0/9=0D0EF/}351)BN.0>P17/98v17D0BN.':7.L@[:fU²@Cy0y064>;@CBN.0/91p�I@M:@?E5>Cb;@C673u:<.0YZ35B2@CE5EuG}14E5>f~¨67@[:</[�

��3F80B2/T358Zy06<@[B9:<3FB2/T80/23u:<.0/96#>[J�:<.R/217/)351�y�>C17173 c E5/�3F8ZXL8R3F:</T35YZy0EF/2YZ/28;:N@[:735>P8R12�Py�>PEFGO80>CY^35@CE:<3FY^/�@Cy0y064>{�R3FYI@M:<35>C801a@C64/?D017/9=W�}��.0/�BN.0>C35B2/?>[J#B9>�>CE5358Rb�17BN.0/9=0D0EF/^@[80=v:<.0/?EF/280bC:7.v>CJ:<.R/?�"@C64dC>fU�BN.L@C358R1a@[:)/{@CBN.�:</2YZy�/26<@M:<D064/}@[��/2B�:<1):7.0/�],DL@[E53F:HG|>[JQ:<.0/K67/917D0Eu:<1a@[80=":<.R/6<@M:</`>CJ�B9>P8;UP/264bP/28RB2/C����.0/�=0/�XL803u:<35>C8}>CJ�:<.0/`8R/235bC. c >P64.0>�>O=}J_D080B�:<3F>P8¯Å_~�.03FBN.�351QD014DL@CEFEFGc @C14/2=©>P8v14>PY^/�.0/2D064351�:<35B�D080=0/96714:<@C80=03F80bw>CJ�:<.R/}y067> c E5/9Y×@[:a.L@C80=AÇT=0/9:7/267YZ358R/21a.0>f~80/�~³y�>P358;:<1a@C67/}UO35143F:7/2=W�-��.0/^��� y064>PbP6<@[YÍ3F1:</967YZ358L@[:7/2=v3uJ�@[8©@CB2B9/2yR:<@ c E5/?14>PE5D�:<35>C8351`J_>CD080=¯>P6�3FJ�@�=0/21435bP8L@M:</2=|XL8L@[E�:</9Y^y�/267@[:<D064/�351�67/[email protected]/9=W�

��3FY}D0EV@M:</2=��)8080/{@[E5358Rb-.0@C1�],D03u:</T@K=0/9=035B2@[:</9=^J_>PEFE5>f~�358Rb�@C80=I.0@C1 c /2/98^UC/264GZ14D0B2B9/2171�J_D0E358}@ c 67>P@C=?6<@C8RbP/�>CJ��)��zH.L@C64=?>PyR:735YZ35�{@M:<35>C8-yR67> c EF/2YZ12����DR3F:</�@)J_/9~�yL@[y�/9671Q.L@{UC/ c /9/28~�673u:7:7/28":7>�=L@[:7/�=0/9Y^>P8R14:<67@[:<3F80b^:7.0/?@CyRy0E53FB{@[:735>P8¯>CJ����Õ:<>�14D0BN.vy067> c E5/9Y^1)358"YZ> c 3FE5/B2>CY^Y}DR8035B2@[:<3F>P8012�

Page 30: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

gPg

�35bPD064/-ð��Ä®0Þ ��@ c D'�O/{@C64BN.

��j�� �?v��}| ��m4v�o_���

��@ c D¡��/2@C67BN.&351 c @C17/9=&>P8x:<.R/vy067/9Y^3F17/�:7.L@[:w3F8;:</2EFE53FbP/28;:^y067> c E5/2Y 14>PEFUO358Rb67/9]ODR3567/91358RB2>P64y�>P67@[:<3F>P8o>[JT@C=L@CyR:73FUC/wY^/9Y^>P6�G � gfñ$�Â�f� g{®��­�f� gf¬$�Â�©��@ c D���/2@C67BN.�351�@CE514>v@'bPEF> c @CE17/2@C67BN.�:</2BN.R8035],D0/K358|:<.L@[:)3F:�yR67>fUO35=0/91YZ/{@C801�J_>P6�/214B{@CyR3580b^E5>OB{@CEWYZ358R35Y^@R�� �35bPDR67/-ð��Ä®35EFE5D01�:<67@[:</91`.0>f~¨�T��~�>C67d,12�

�H8�T����@¯XL8R3F:</^E53F14:->CJ`J_>P6 c 35=R=0/28YZ>fUP/91}B{@CEFE5/9=�:7.0/^:<@ c DEF3514:+U 351-Y^@C358;:N@[3580/9=W�|�`:@C8;G�bP3uUP/28^3F:7/26<@M:<35>C8W�;3FJ�:<.0/TB2DR6767/98;:`17>CE5DR:735>P8�351)­S�O3F:71�8R/235bC. c >P64.0>�>O=�5Å�­�Ç 351�14/{@C64BN.0/2=@CbPbC67/214173uUP/2EuG^:7>�GO35/9E5=I:7.0/ay�>P358;:¿­ Ë ~�.035BN.w3F1#:<.R/ c /914:�8R/235bC. c >P6#17D0BN.w:<.0@[:`3u:`351#80>C:�>P8:<.R/�:<@ c D�E53F14:{���T>C:</?:7.L@[:�3F:�3F1�80>C:-67/9],D03564/2=©:<.L@[:D·QÅ'­ Ë ÇJÍ¢·QÅ�­�Ç��$>C80EFG':7.L@[:J·QÅ'­ Ë Ç[3±�³µ´Qŵ·QÅ'­ �SÇ ¸ ­ � ¹ 5oÅ�­�Ç"!+UÇ��qà�/26�G�>CJ°:</98�:7.0>PD0bP.���:7>�64/2=0D0B9/�B9>PYZy0E5/��R3u:HGP��35801�:</2@C=>CJ�17/[email protected]�@CE5E$:<.0/?y�>P3F8,:71�358©��Å°�0Ç��S@w17D c 17/�:�>CJ�:7.0/214/Zy�>P3F8,:71�B{@CEFE5/9=':<.0/"¸7·�À�º�Áƺ;·$#H»

Page 31: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

g�ð

¹õÁ5´�#�351�B2>C80173F=0/264/2=v@[:)/{@[BN.'14:7/2yW����.0/K1735�9/�>CJ�:<.0/KB{@C8R=035=L@M:</-E5351�:TYI@{Gw/�UP/28 c /KU[@C6435/9=@C1a:7.0/�17/{@[67BN.�y067>OB2/9/2=019�Z�)1�/{@CBN.�80/�~³17>CE5DR:735>P8w­7Ë$351bP/280/96<@[:7/2=W�S3u:�351�@C=R=0/2=©:<>w:<.R/:N@ c D©E5351�:�@C80=v:7.0/�>PE5=0/914:�YZ/2Y c /26>CJ#:7.0/?:N@ c D�EF351�:�351a64/2YZ>fUP/2=��Z��.,D01�:<.R/}:N@ c D©EF3514:y064/9UP/98;:<1�B�GOB2E53F80b c G?=03F1<@CEFE5>f~�3580b67/2y�/9:73F:735>P8}>[J�YZ>fUP/21 ~�3u:<.03F8�@�X0803F:7/�8ODRY c /96�>CJ�1�:</9y01ÅÆ=R/9:</967YZ3580/9= c GK:<.0/�1435�2/�>[J�:7.0/�E53F14:�Ç�����.R3512�,@[E5>P80b)~�3F:<.?:7.0/�@CB2B9/2yR:<@C80B9/)>CJ�.03FbP.0/96QB2>P1�:YZ>�UC/219�Py067/�UP/98,:71 /28;:<67@Cy0YZ/28;:Q3F8�EF>�B2@CE;Y^3F8035Y^@R�W��:�YI@{G-@CEF17> c /#=0/2143567@ c E5/�:<>)3580B9E5D0=R/#3F8:<.R/T:<@ c DIEF351�:�@[:7:7673 c DR:</91#>CJ�Y^>fUC/21�67@[:<.R/26 :<.L@[8^:<.R/)y�>P358;:71�:7.0/2YZ17/9EFUP/912����@CBN.�/98;:<64GZ3F8:<.R/`E53F14:�YI@{G�:<.,D01 1�:N@C80=}J_>C6�@~�.0>CE5/�14/9: >[JAy�>P3F8;:<1�14.L@C643580b:7.0/�@[:4:<643 c DR:7/C�$�H8}:<.03F1�B2@C17/[�3F:�351�y�>C17173 c E5/�:<>�@[E5E5>f~qB9/26�:N@C3F8�17>CE5DR:735>P801$:<> c /`@[B2B2/9yR:N@ c E5/`/�UP/98Z3uJ0:<.R/9G�@C67/`3F8K:7.0/�:N@ c DE53F14: c G?DR17358Rba~�.L@[:#@C67/�B2@CE5EF/2=¯·M´�% Á'Æ4·$#�ÁµÅ$À�¸"ÆOÁ&#�»"ÆOÁÆ·C�Q L>P6�/��R@CYZy0E5/[�;>P80/�17DRBN.IB2643F:7/2673F>P8}3F11<@M:<351�XL/2=-3FJO:<.R/�y�>P3F8,:W.L@C1$@TB9>P14:S:7.L@[:S351«EF>f~�/96S:7.L@C8�:<.0/�B9D06764/28;:$E5>f~�/914:�B2>P1�:$/9U[@CE5D0@[:<3F>P8W���J«@�80/935bP. c >P67.0>O>O=?351�/���.L@CDR14:</9=W�R>C6 3FJ�:<.0/�bP/980/267@[:</9=I17>CE5DR:735>P801�@[67/�80>C:#@CB9B2/2y�:N@ c EF/C�,3F:351#y�>C17173 c E5/T:<>}3F80B2>C67y�>P6<@[:7/)3F8;:<>�:7.0/a17/[email protected]:7.0/�@ c 3FE53u:HG}:<>TÜ4DRY^yI:7>?@�=03u��/967/98,:`yL@C64:�>CJ:<.R/K14/{@C64BN."17y0@CB2/IÅ_:7.0351�351�64/9J_/96767/9=�:7>I@C1Kº�Á&'C»"Æ<´"Á (`¸7·$#�ÁµÅ$ÀWÇ����a80/-Y^@fGw@CE514>Z3F80B2EFD0=0/�:<.R/@ c 3FE53u:HG-:7>aJ_>�B9D01Q:<.R/T14/{@C64BN.^>C8Z14>PE5D�:<35>C801�~�.03FBN.^14.L@C64/�B2/26�:N@C3F8�=0/214356<@ c E5/`BN.0@C6<@CB�:</967351�:<3FBÅØÁ'À)#H»"ÀR´"Á (`¸7·$#�ÁµÅ$ÀWÇ c GKy�/264J_>C67YZ3580b)17>PYZ/`17>C64: >CJAy0@[:7:7/2678?64/2B9>PbP803u:<35>C8�>P8}:7.0/`y�>P358;:<1$:<.L@M:.L@{UP/-17.R>�~�8�E5>f~¡J_D080B9:735>P8|/�UC@[E5DL@[:735>P8R1`358w:<.R/-y0@C14:2�

��@ c DI14/{@C64BN.�351�@�Y^/�:N@Mz�.0/2DR67351�:<3FB`:</2BN.R8035],D0/[�R@C8R=I3F:�Y�D014: c /T@C=0@CyR:</9=^:7>-:7.0/)yR67> c EF/2Y@[:�.L@C8R=^J_>P6�3F: :7> c /)/"¦^B935/98,:2� ��.0/TBN.0>P35B9/)>[J«Y^>fUC/21�:<.L@[:#bP/980/267@[:</�:<.0/T80/935bP. c >P67.0>O>O=>CJ-@�y�>P3F8;:I3F1Iy064> c E5/9Y�z�17y�/2B93FXLB[���a3u��/967/28;:^35YZy0E5/9Y^/98;:N@[:735>P801�B2@C8 c /"bP/980/267@[:</9= c GU[@C64GO3F80bK:7.0/=0/�XL803u:<35>C8�@C80=I14:<64D0B9:7D067/>CJ«:<.0/T:N@ c D�E53F14:Å_J_>P6�/��R@CYZy0EF/ c GZ=0/2B935=03F80b�.0>f~:N@ c D"@M:7:<643 c D�:</21T@C64/�=0/9:7/267YZ358R/2=AÇ��0:<.0/-@C14y03567@[:<3F>P8wB2643F:</96735@R�R:<.R/-1435�9/->[J�:<.R/-B2@C80=03F=L@[:7/E53F14:2��3F8;:</28R173FX0B{@[:735>P8�@C8R=!=03uUP/967173uXLB{@M:<35>C8qy067>OB2/9=0D067/91^/�:<B[���$>�17y�/2/2=!D0y�:<.0/|17/2@C67BN.��JÆ@C1�:</26�~�@{G�1�:<>�=0/�:</967YZ3580/�:<.R/ c /21�:T80/23FbP. c >P6�@[67/�67/9],D03564/2=W�

Page 32: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

gfñ

�T��.L@C1�@CEF17> c /2/98�@[y0y0E53F/2=w14D0B2B9/2171�J_D0E5EuG�:<>�@}E5@C67bC/a8,D0Y c /26�>CJ����z�.L@C67=w>CyR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8y064> c E5/9Y^1�@[80=x.L@[1 c /2/98x14.0>f~�8!:<>�B2>CY^yL@[67/wJÆ@{UP>P67@ c EFGo~�3F:<.x����@C80=��O��� g�ª$�­���17/2@C67BN.">CJQ:<.R/KEF3F:</96<@[:7D067/[�L.0>f~�/�UP/962�W.L@[180>C:T64/9UP/2@CE5/9='/��O:7/280143FUP/}@Cy0y0EF35B{@M:<35>C8¯>[JQ�T��3F8YZ> c 35EF/�B9>PY^Y�D08035B2@[:<3F>P801$:<.0>PDRbP.Z:7.0/264/�351 B9/264:<@C358REFG}8R>I·*% ÆOÁµÅ$ÆOÁS67/2@C17>P8�~�.;G�3F: B2@C8080>[:c /K@[y0y0E53F/2=�:7>�:7.0/�1<@CYZ/�y067> c E5/9Y^1�@C1T���²@C80=����K�

��j�+ �6mptwm4�9~Z�,6x�¼kr�o_~��9�}{ q��.0/917/¯@CE5bC>P673u:<.0YZ1�=0/2643FUP/�:7.0/23F6�3F8017y03F6<@[:735>P8�J_67>PY�:<.R/�8L@[:7D06<@CE#y067>OB2/9171?>CJ c 3F>PE5>CbP35B2@CE/9UC>PE5D�:<35>C8W�Z��>PEFDR:<3F>P801�@C64/Z/980B2>O=0/9=�ÅÆ>[J°:</28©3F8 c 358L@C6�GRÇ�3F8;:<>|14:767358RbP1�>P6�BN.067>CY^>P14>PYZ/212���.0/�@CE5bP>C673F:7.0Y�>Cy�/96<@[:7/21�>C8}@)y�>Py0DREV@[:735>P8�>CJ�:<.0/917/`BN.064>PYZ>P17>PYZ/219�[~�.03FBN.�/�UP>PEuUP/�:7>):<.R/67/9],D03564/2=w17>CE5DR:735>P8Z:<.064>PD0bP.�>Cy�/96<@[:735>P801#>CJ«X0:780/2141�z c @C17/9=�14/2E5/9B9:735>P8W�O67/9y067>O=0D0B�:<3F>P8I~�3F:7.B264>P1714>fUP/26�@C80=�Y}DR:<@[:<3F>P8':<.L@M:�@[67/?J_D080=L@[Y^/98,:<@CE5EuG"1435YZ35E5@C6):7>|:7.0/23F6�8L@[:7D06<@CE�@[8L@CE5>CbP12� �3FbPD067/#ð��¿¬T14.0>f~�1 @�=03V@CbC6<@CY�J_>C6$:7.0/#1435YZy0E5/#��/280/�:<3FB#�)E5bP>P643F:7.0Y��S(T173F80b��"@[67dC>fU-BN.L@C3F8YZ>�=0/9E53F80b0�C3u: .L@C1 c /2/98^14.0>f~�8^:7.L@[:�����½Ä1�@C67/�bPD0@C6<@C8;:7/2/2=�:<>�B9>P8;UP/967bP/)@C14GOYZyR:<>[:<35B2@CE5EuG:<>¯:<.0/ZbPEF> c @CE >Py�:<35Y�D0Y±3FJ`@C8o/9E53u:<351�:�14:76<@[:7/2bCG©3F1KD014/2=o~�.R/267/Z:<.0/ c /914:KBN.067>CY^>P14>PYZ/@[:w/2@CBN.¡bP/280/96<@[:735>P8�3F1w@CEu~`@{GO1|YI@C3F8;:N@C3F80/2=!358t:<.R/vy�>PyRD0EV@[:735>P8 �ļW�­� �¯>P67/v=0/�:N@C3FE5/9==0/917B26435yR:735>P8R1^>CJ):<.0/917/�@CE5bC>P673u:<.0YZ12� :<.R/2356�3FY^y0EF/2YZ/28;:N@M:<35>C8q@C80=x@Cy0y0EF35B{@M:<35>C801}B{@[8 c /J_>PD08R=�3F8-�ÄhW�­�>� g��W�­�þ� gCg��Â�

��6435/9ÝRGP�Q:<.R/wy067>OB2/9171?351}@C1�J_>PEFE5>f~�12Þ^@C8q358R3F:<35@CE y�>Py0D0E5@[:<3F>P8< >CJS5 BN.067>CY^>P14>PYZ/21}3F1BN.0>P14/28W�w�`:K/{@[BN.bP/28R/26<@M:<35>C8W��@|80/�~ y�>Cy0D0EV@M:<35>C8\< Ë 351-bP/28R/26<@M:</2= c G�64/2y�/{@[:73580b|:<.R/J_>PEFE5>f~�3580b�y064>�B9/2=0DR67/CÞ`X06714:2��:H~#>�yL@[67/28;:71�@C67/-y03FBNdC/2='J_64>PY < 358�17D0BN.©@�~`@{G|:<.L@M::<.R/y064> c @ c 3FE53u:HG'>CJ�17/2EF/2B�:<35>C8o351�y064>Py�>P64:735>P8L@[EQ:<>|:<.0/9356�X0:<80/91719�¯��.R/28W�Q8R/9~ >C��17y0643580b�@C64/bP/980/267@[:</9=^J_67>CY*:<.0/917/TyL@C64/28;:<1 c G�B967>P1417>fUP/96#~�3u:<.Z17>PYZ/�y067> c @ c 35EF3F:HGD<.-N� �358L@CEFEFGC�[~�3F:7.

Page 33: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

g{®

�35bCD067/-ð��¿¬�Þ���/280/�:<3FB��E5bC>P673u:<.0Y

@"y064> c @ c 35E53u:HG�<>=�Å_>CJ°:</98BN.0>P14/28q:<> c /ZUP/26�GEF>�~�Þk���c����gZz[�R�c��g�Ç���:7.0/214/�67/9B2>PY c 3580/9=BN.064>PY^>C17>PYZ/21K@C67/?:7.0/2867@C80=0>CY^EuG'Y}DR:<@[:</9=�Å°J_>P6 c 358L@[64G���� :7.0351�64/9J_/2641K:7>�B9>PY^yRE5/�zYZ/28;:<3F80bw/{@CBN. c 3F:~�3F:<.©y064> c @ c 35E53u:HGd<>=`Ç��}��.0/Zy�>Py0D0E5@[:<3F>P8":<.,D01�bP/980/267@[:</9=�64/2y0E5@CB2/91:<.R/¯B9D06764/28;:Zy�>Cy0D0EV@M:<35>C8W���.0/|y064>�B9/2=0D064/|351?67/9y�/2@[:</9=xD08;:735E`14>PY^/�:7/264Y^3F8L@[:<3F>P8B9673uz:</9673F>P8�3F1�1<@[:7351�XL/2=W�^��/967YZ358L@M:<35>C8�B9673u:</2643V@�Y^@{G c /Z=0/�XL80/2=o17D0BN.�:<.L@[:�:7.0/I@[E5bP>P643F:7.0Y14:7>Py01�~�.0/28I@C8�@CB9B2/9yR:N@ c E5/T17>PEFDR:<3F>P8�351 J_>PD080=^358�:<.0/Ty�>Py0D0E5@[:<3F>P8�>P6�@[J°:</96�@�y067/9=0/9X080/2=8,D0Y c /26�>CJ$J_D080B�:<35>C8¯/�U[@CE5DL@M:<35>C801`>P6�bP/980/267@[:<3F>P801�.L@{UP/ c /2/28¯y064>�B9/21714/2=W�

à�/26�Go>[J°:</28��QJ_>P6�14y�/9B23FX0Bw@Cy0y0EF35B2@[:<3F>P8012�$:<.0/IB267>C1717>fUC/26Z@C80=qY}D�:N@[:735>P8�>Py�/96<@[:7>P671KYI@{Gc /Z64/2=0/�XL80/9=>P6�/��O:7/280=0/9=W� @C8R=o@wE5>OB{@[EQ17/2@C67BN.�YI@{G c /�3580B9>P67y�>P6<@M:</2=�@[:�:7.0/�/280=�>CJ/{@[BN.�bP/280/96<@[:735>P8�:<>14y�/9/2=�D0yxB2>P8;UP/967bP/980B2/[����.0/'/28RB2>O=03580b�>CJ�:<.R/"17>CE5DR:735>P8!17yL@CB9/358;:7>�BN.064>PYZ>P17>PYZ/219��:<.R/�1435�2/¯>CJa:7.0/¯y�>PyRD0EV@[:735>P8���@C8R=!:<.R/�Y}D�:N@[:735>P8!@C80=!B267>C1717>fUC/26y064> c @ c 3FE53u:<35/91`@CEFE�U[@C6�G�~�35=0/9EFGI=0/2y�/280=R3580bZ>P8w:<.0/�3FY^y0EF/2YZ/28;:N@M:<35>C8W�

Page 34: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

g�¬

��.0/�:<67@C=03F:735>P80@CE�Y�DR:N@[:735>P8Z@C8R=^B967>P1417>fUP/96#>Py�/267@[:<>C671�=0>-358�17>PYZ/�17/98017/T=0/9X080/@�80/935bP.�zc >P67.0>O>O=^J_>P6#/{@CBN.�BN.R67>PYZ>P17>CY^/)358�@Ky�>PyRD0EV@[:735>P8�� c DR:`3u:�3F1�y�>P17143 c EF/T:7>}67/9EV@[:7/a��/280/�:<3FB�EFbP>P643F:<.RY^1�:7>?:<.0/->C:<.R/26�80/23FbP. c >C67.0>O>�=|14/{@C64BN."17BN.R/2YZ/213F8"@?YZ>P67/�=03F67/9B9:�~`@{G|3uJ�~#/=0>Z80>C:TB2>C80173F=0/26�B264>P1714>fUP/269�`��.03F1T3F1�=0>P80/ c G|17y�/2B93FJ°GO3580b?:7.L@[:�:<.0/�Y}D�:N@[:735>P8|>Py�/267@[:<>P6J_>P6:7.0/?BN.064>PY^>C17>PYZ/}B2>C6767/917y�>P80=03F80b�:<>|y�>P358;:S­o3F8':<.0/?14/{@C64BN.�14yL@CB2/�3F1a17D0BN.©:<.0@[:�3F:GO35/9E5=01�@�BN.067>CY^>P14>PYZ/B2>C6767/917y�>P80=03F80b�:7>}y�>C358;:�­ Ë 358I:7.0/a17/[email protected]@CB9/a~�3F:<.^:<.0/)y067>PyOz/26�:HGv:<.L@M:p­7Ë_¹�5Å'­�Ç��Z��.0351�3F1a:<.0/Z@Cy0yR67>;@CBN.�B2>C80173F=0/264/2=o3F8v:<.03F1a:<.0/9173519�^��:�3F1�80>C:</9=.0/967/?:<.L@M:a:<.0/�1435bP803uXLB{@[8,:a=03F��/264/280B9/ c /�:H~�/9/28q��� @C80=v:7.0/?>C:<.R/26�17/2@C67BN.©:</9BN.0803F]ODR/21=0/917B2643 c /2=¯.0/264/�351`:<.0@[:�3F:T@CEFE5>f~�1�J_>P6�@?YZ>P67/�y0@C6<@CEFE5/9E535�9/2=^17/{@[67BN.">[J�:7.0/�17yL@CB9/�17358RB2/-@y�>Py0D0E5@[:<3F>P8�>CJ�y�>P3F8;:<1�351�B9>P801435=0/967/2=�@[:T/{@[BN.�1�:</2y¯358R14:</2@C=¯>CJAÜ4DR14:)@?17358RbPE5/�y�>P358;:2�

��/280/�:<35B��)E5bP>P643F:7.0Y^1�.L@{UP/ c /2/98I],D03u:</�17D0B9B2/91714J_DRE�358Z@�U[@C673F/9:HG�>CJ�@Cy0y0EF35B2@[:<3F>P801�@C80=Z/28OzÜ4>fGwY^@C17143FUP/�y�>Py0DREV@C643F:HGP�R@[:�E5/2@C14:�@CY^>C80bP14:�YZ/2Y c /9671�>CJ$:<.0/��QUC>PE5DR:735>P80@C64Gw%�>PY^yRDR:N@Mz:<3F>P8'B9>PY^Y�D0803F:HGC�� L>P6>CyR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8|y064> c E5/9Y^1)358':7/2E5/9B2>PYZY}D08R35B{@M:<35>C8012��@Cy0yRE535B2@[:<3F>P801>CJ-��/28R/9:<3FB"�)E5bP>P643F:7.0Y^1�@[67/ c G�JÆ@C6�:<.0/�Y^>C14:^8ODRY^/967>PD019�Û��.R/'8L@CYZ/�»�'�ÅM¹ µ/#�ÁµÅ$À�·�Æ�0#H»�¹5»N¸IÅM¶?¶?µ.À7Á¸7·$#�ÁµÅ$ÀR´�.L@C1�64/2B2/98;:<EFG c /2/98�14D0bPbP/914:7/2=�J_>C6`:<.03F1�bP67>f~�358Rb�X0/2E5=��

Page 35: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

å   p�� m�§²n 1j � � ¢ � r¡p m ��� Ò l � ä ¤Î§²p�n�r!  â §Õrx  Ò �9©�1 §Õl

m � � k � ¢�§ å � Ö Ö 1 Ò � rÛp³m ��� Ò l

�H8�:<.03F1WBN.L@CyR:7/269�CyL@Cy�/2641S=0/214B2673 c 358Rb�:7.0/�@Cy0yRE535B2@[:<3F>P801�>CJ�:7.0/214/#bCE5> c @[EC17/2@C67BN.�:</9BN.0803F]ODR/21:<>->PyR:735YZ35�2@[:<3F>P8}y064> c E5/9Y^1�3F8ZYZ> c 3FE5/�B9>PY^Y�D08035B2@[:<3F>P801 @[67/T67/9UO3F/9~#/2=W� ��.0/)8,D0Y c /26�>CJy064> c E5/9Y^1�358^Y^> c 35EF/TB9>PYZY}D0803FB{@[:735>P801Q:7.L@[:�.L@{UP/ c /2/98IJ_>P67Y�D0EV@[:7/2=I@C80=�64/2B2>CbP8035�9/2=w@[1.L@C64=�B2>CY c 3580@[:<>P643V@CER>PyR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8?yR67> c EF/2YZ1�@[80=Iy064>�B9/21417/2=w~�3u:<.^:7.0/214/�@CEFbP>P673u:<.0YZ1Q3F1@C1�GP/�:�],D03F:7/K14YI@CEFEÂ�#��.ODR12��~�.R35E5/�:7.0/�yL@[y�/9671=R3517B9D01714/2=v.0/967/ c G¯80>^Y^/2@C801TB2>fUP/96:<.R//28;:73567/�67@C80bP/�>CJRy�>P14173 c E5/�@CyRy0E53FB{@[:735>P801�>CJR:7.0/214/�:7/2BN.0803F],D0/21$:<>TY^> c 35E5/�B2>PYZY}D0803FB{@[:735>P8R12�:<.R/9G=R>v67/2yR67/214/28;:^80/{@C64EFGo@CE5E�17DRBN.!@M:7:</9Y^y�:<1}:<>"=L@[:</[��@C80=q17.R>PD0E5=�y064>fU�3F=0/w@'bP>O>O=>fUP/964UO35/�~ >CJ$:<.0/�17D c Ü4/2B�:{�

��:?~�35EFE c /w80>C:7/2=q:<.0@[:?YZ>P14:?>[JT:7.0/wyL@Cy�/2641?17D06�UP/�GP/2=x.0/264/|@C67/wB9>P80B2/96780/9=�~�3u:<.q:<.R/@Cy0yRE535B2@[:<3F>P8|>CJ���/280/�:<3FB��EFbP>P643F:<.RY^19�`��.0351)351T80>C:):<.0/K67/214D0EF:>CJ�@C8;G¯358R.0/264/28;:�17DRy�/9673uz>P643F:HG�358v:</967YZ1�>CJ�/�¦ZB23F/280B�Gv>P6�/{@[17/�>CJ#y067>PbC6<@CYZY^3F80bZ358©D0173F80b¯����½Ä1K@[1�>Py0y�>P17/9=©:7>���¡@C80=Z�T��� c DR:�y�/264.L@Cy01#@C8Z3580=03FB{@[:735>P8�>CJW3u:<1 bP/980/267@CELy�>Cy0D0EV@[673F:HG}@CYZ>P80b�67/917/{@[67BN.0/9671

g��

Page 36: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

g�ª

358;:7/267/914:7/2="3F8w>PyR:735YZ35�{@M:<35>C8^J_>P6�~�3564/2EF/2171`:7/2EF/2B2>CY^Y}DR8035B2@[:<3F>P8012�

��/�UP/267@CE�y0@Cy�/9671�=03514B2D014173F80b}bPEF> c @CE0>CyR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8}J_>P6�14GO1�:</2Y?zHEF/9UC/2E�67/214>PD064B2/a@[E5E5>OB{@M:<35>C8W�=0/91735bC8W�P@C8R=}y0EV@[8080358Rb)3F8KB9/2E5EFD0EV@[6$YZ> c 3FE5/ 1�G�1�:</9Y^1 @[67/�17D06�UP/9GC/2=�.0/967/C�Q��@Cy�/2641�B2>fUC/2673F80b:<.R/wD017/|>CJT:<.0/917/w:</9BN.0803F]ODR/21?J_>P6?E5>f~#/26�zHE5/�UP/9E`y067> c E5/9Y^1}14D0BN.t@[1?>PyR:<3FYI@[E#Y}DREF:<3 zHD014/26=0/�:</2B�:<3F>P8}358}%`�����x:7/2BN.080>CE5>PbCGC�P=0/91735bC8}>CJ0J_67@CY^/91�3F8��������!17BN.0/9Y^/912� c E53F80=�BN.0@C8080/9E35=R/28;:<3uXLB{@[:735>P8|@[80=�/9],DL@CE53F�{@[:735>P8�@C67/-@CEF17>�67/�U�3F/9~#/2=W�

¡½j�i 2�~�3bm[¥ »�m4�54 ruo_Ê ��ru�Xrux�rk¼k� £6mpq9~�¼ut�H8©B2/9E5E5DREV@C6TB2>PYZY}D08R35B{@M:<35>C8"80/�:H~�>P64d,12�«:<.0/?YZ> c 3FE5/-D0803u:<1�@C64/}B2>P8R80/2B�:</2=©:<>�:7.0/?y0D c zE53FB}80/�:H~�>P64d,12�$17D0BN.o@C1��������K�S���R��� @C8R=�>[:<.0/96-=0@[:N@w80/�:H~�>P64d,12�S:<.064>PD0bP.�@w80/9:H~#>P64d.03F/26<@[67BN.;G�=0/9:7/267YZ358R/2= c G©:<.0/^14GO14:7/2Y¦@C67BN.03u:</9B9:<DR67/C�� �3FbPD067/^ñR�ugI14.0>f~�1}17D0BN.�@[8q@C6�zBN.03u:</2B�:<D064/�J_>P6?:7.0/"� D064>Py�/{@C8t�K�0� 14:<@C80=L@[67= � g��W�­�t��.0/¯YZ> c 35EF/w14:<@[:<3F>P801�ÅÂ�'�RÇ�3F8/{@[BN.IB2/9E5EAB2>CY^Y}DR8035B2@[:</�>fUP/96�:7.0/T6<@C=03F>�358;:</964JÆ@CB9/T~�3u:<.�:<.0/)�`@C14/)�$6<@C8R17B2/93FUC/26��,:N@[:735>P801Å­�#�T�0Ç��S���T�O1-B9>P8080/9B9:�:<>¯�`@[17/^�O:N@M:<35>C8�%�>P8;:<67>CE5E5/9671�ÅÆ���0%�ÇUO3V@�YZ35B967>f~`@{UC/ZEF3580d,1a>C6=0/9=035B2@[:</9=�EF/{@C14/2=©E53F80/21>P8v~�.L@[:�351B{@CEFE5/2=':7.0/76pÄ�Á5´MÁ'À)#H»"Æ&89·O¸N»�����@CBN.����0%�YI@{G�B2>P8Oz:<64>PE«17/�UP/96<@CE$.,D080=064/2=v���T�O12��@C80=¯17>PYZ/KEF>f~`zHE5/�UP/9EWJ_D080B9:735>P8R1T14D0BN.v@C1�YZ> c 3FE5/a.L@[80=0>C��1@C64/wYI@C=R/ c G:<.0/|�`�0%� ��.0/¯���0%�1�358:7D0678�@C64/wB2>P8R80/2B�:</2=�:<>v:7.0/¯��> c 3FE5/|�,~�3F:<BN.Oz358Rb|%�/28;:</9671IÅÂ�'�R%�Ç)U�35@^:<.R/76�Á'À)#H»"Æ&89·O¸N»�����.0/Z�'�0%�B2>P8;:<64>PE51):<6<@$¦^B}@CY^>C80bw@CEFE�:<.R/���0%�1a@C80=�:7.0/264/}351)@^14D c z�80/9:H~#>P67d c /9:H~#/2/28��'�R%�1�@[:T:<.03F1)EF/9UP/9E$:7.L@[:3580B9E5D0=0/91)DR803F:7117DRBN.�@C1�:<.0/T�T>PY^/��«>OB{@[:735>P8Z\�/2bP3F14:7/26)Å­�)�$\)Ç��[àa35143F:7>P6��«>�B2@[:<3F>P8�\T/9bP351�:</96Å°à��S\)Ç��P:<.R/�D�:<.0/98,:735B2@[:<3F>P8�%�/28;:</96}Å_�DA%�Ç��A@C80=|:<.0/-��>C358;:T>CJ��H8;:7/267B9>P8080/9B9:?Å­���a��Ç`:7>?:<.0/�y0D c E535B80/�:H~�>P64d,12����.,D01):7.0/264/K3F1)@ZEV@C64bP/�yL@C6�:T>CJ�:7.0/KB9>PYZY}D0803FB{@[:735>P8|.03F/26<@[67BN.;G|358�@ZYZ> c 3FE5/B2/9E5EFD0EV@C6#14GO14:7/2Y£~�.03FBN.�3F1�@?X��R/9=�~�3F67/2=¯80/�:H~�>P64dA�

Page 37: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

gf¼

�35bPDR67/�ñR�ugPÞ��-�0���)/9:H~#>P64dw�67BN.R3F:</9B9:7D067/

��.0/�B2>C14:�>CJS:<.R/a:<>Py�>PE5>CbCGZ>CJ�@�XR��/2=¯80/9:H~#>P67dI=0/2y�/280=R1)D0y�>P8w14/9UP/96<@CEWJÆ@[B9:<>C6712�R3580B9E5D0=�z358RbK:<.R/B2>C14:`>[JW:<.0/)80>O=0/219��:<.R/B2>C14:`>[J«E53F80d,12�,E53F80d}ÝL>f~¡@C80=�B2@CyL@CB93F:HGC�R@C8R=�B2>P8R14:<67@C358;:7117DRBN.o@C1a:7.0/?Y^@M��35Y}D0Y�8,D0Y c /26�>[J#EF3580d,1J_>C6a/{@CBN.�80>O=0/C�K��.0/?y064> c E5/9Y×>CJ�=0/9173FbP80358RbYZ35803FY}D0Y³B9>P14:�80/9:H~#>P67dZ:<>Py�>PEF>PbP35/91 351#B2E5>C17/2EuG�67/9EV@[:7/2=I:7>�B2>CY^y0EF/��^y064> c E5/9Y^1�358^bP6<@[y0.:<.R/2>P6�G�Ù�@[8o/���.L@[D014:73FUP/I/28,D0YZ/26<@M:<35>C8o>CJ`:7>Py�>PE5>PbC35/21a:7>"> c :N@C3F8�:7.0/^>CyR:<3FYI@CE�@[676<@[80bP/�zYZ/28;: c /9B2>PYZ/21-358RJ_/2@C173 c E5/}J_>C6-/�UP/98Y^>O=0/96<@[:7/2EFG"173F�2/2=�80/9:H~#>P64dO19�|�)/�:H~�>P64d':<>Py�>PEF>PbCG=0/91735bC8�351|y�/264.L@Cy01|:<.0/�YZ>P14:¯14:7D0=03F/2=¨@[y0y0E53FB{@[:735>P8�>[J}bPEF> c @CEa14/{@C64BN.�:</9BN.0803F]ODR/21�:7>:</9E5/9B2>PYZY}D0803FB{@[:735>P8R1�Å_J_>C6�/��R@CYZy0E5/u� gf¼W�­� � gfhW�­�>�Äð��$�­�>�¾ðOg��°Ç��

��.0/�=0/9173FbP8}>CJL:7.0/�XR��/2=�y�>P64:735>P8K>CJA:<.0/��K�0� 80/9:H~#>P67d}@C80=�:7.0/`B2EF>P17/9EFGK67/9EV@[:7/2=?�a3FbP3F:<@CE%�/2EFE5D0E5@C6�OGO14:</9Y¦gf¼����vÅ­��%���gf¼����;Ç�351)y�/964J_>P64Y^/9=v358�¾ðPð �QD0143580bw@�����z c @C14/2=���/280/�:<3FB�ayR:<3FY^3F�2/96�J_>P6?�$>Py�>CE5>PbP3FB{@CE��)/�:H~�>P64d��a/21435bP8ÛÅÂ�-�a�����Ç��Q��.0/¯B2>P1�:ZJ_DR80B9:735>P8q:<> c /

Page 38: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

gfh

YZ35803FY^3F�2/2=^351�=0/�XL80/2="@C1`J_>PEFE5>f~�12Þ

·½3:9 ;�<>=@?.ACB5D< E 9 ;GFH=JICA)KF E 9;MLON�P$QSRUT�V�Q$T�WYX PZQST�W[V�\�T�WYX PZ\.T�W[V�\�T�W = P KG?.]L ÅÆñR�FgfÇ

17D c Ü4/2B�:T:7>|ÅÆ3VÇ"^ L Í_= L H`ba�@[80=�ÅÆ3F3°Ç�ckͲ�BAc���RgP�,~�.0/264/J= ?.A B5D< 3F1�:<.R/aB2>P1�:�>CJ�@CEFE�8R>�=0/91>CJ�:HGOy�/w8��d= ICA)KF 351-:<.0/wB9>P14:}>CJ�:<.0/DÐ 8fe ���a�N�Q@C8R=g= P KG?.]L :<.0/IB2>P1�:�>CJ�:<.0/ha 8fe E53F80d~�.03FBN.�351#>P80/>[J«:HG�y�/21�i CBKBE[ fC�E$F �ji C�E$F) *kpE$F ��>P6"i kpE$F) �kpEWF Ùj^ L �Y= L 67/2yR67/214/28;:�:<.R/ÝL>f~ @[80=�B2@CyL@CB93F:HGw>[J�/2@CBN.�EF3580dAÙL@[80=lc�351`:<.R/-B2@CE5E c E5>OBNd,3580b�y064> c @ c 3FE53u:HGP��H8K:7.0351SyL@[y�/96�/2@CBN.}B{@[80=035=0@[:</�17>PEFDR:<3F>P8�351S67/9y067/917/98,:7/2= c GK@T14/9:�>CJ014/9UP/98?BN.067>CY^>P14>PYZ/212���.0/}XL6414:�J_>PDR6aBN.067>CY^>P14>PYZ/21a64/2y064/217/98;:-:7.0/��'@C80=vG"B9>�>C67=03F8L@[:</91J_>P6:7.0/?���R%�1K@[80=�'�0%�19�#��.R/�EV@C1�:�:<.R67/2/�BN.R67>PYZ>P17>CY^/91�=0/214B2673 c /):<.0/�/��R3F14:7/280B9/->[J�EF3580d,1 c /�:H~�/9/28'�#�T��1@C80=K���0%�19� c /9:H~#/2/98}���0%�1�@C80=��'�0%�1�@C80= c /9:H~#/2/28}�'�0%�1S:<.0/9Y^14/2EuUP/219�Q��.0/�14:<@C80=L@C64=X0:780/2141 c @C14/2=}14/2EF/2B9:735>P8-YZ/2BN.L@C8R3517Y 3F1SD017/9=W���H801�:</2@C=}>CJ�:<.0/�bP/28R/2673FB�B267>C1717>fUC/26 @C8R=�Y}D�z:N@M:<35>C8v>Py�/96<@[:735>P8R12�«.0>f~#/9UP/962�S:<.0/^�-�a���� /2YZy0E5>fGO1?g�ª�y067> c E5/9Y�z�17y�/2B23uXLB}>Py�/267@[:<>C6712���.0/917/'3F80B2EFD0=0/¯Ã,��>fUP/�>P80/fÀM17>PYZ/"�`�0%�1�6<@[80=0>PYZEFGOÃ0��ÃPYZ>�UC/">P8R/fÀ[14>PY^/"�'�0%�1I6<@C8�z=0>PYZEFGOÃ0�AÃPYZ>fUP/}�'�0% @C80=v�`�0%¨B2>PD0yRE5/2="6<@C80=R>PY^EuGOÃ0�AÃPY^>fUC/?�'�0%�:7>����0%�ÃR��ÃPy0DR17.���0%¨:<>f~�@C67=�@CEFE�B9>P8080/9B9:</9=o�#�T�WÅÆ1<Ç�Ã0�SÃPy0DR17.����0%�Å_1NÇ:<>f~�@C67=©B2>C8080/2B�:</9=�'�R%�ï/�:<B[�@CYZ>P80b|>C:7.0/26412�w�a3u��/967/28;:�~#/235bC.,:7/2=�B2>PY c 358L@[:735>P8R1�>CJ#:7.0/214/I>Py�/267@[:<>C671-@C67/�:</914:7/2=�:7>=0/�:</264Y^3F80/�:7.0>P17/?:7.L@[:aGO35/9E5=©@�JÆ@C1�:�B2>P8;UC/267bC/280B9/I6<@M:</C�-��.,D01�:<.0/?>Py�/267@[:<>C671:7.L@[:-@C64/YZ>P67/'14D0B2B9/21414J_D0EK@C67/©D014/2=¡Y^>C67/'>CJ°:7/28�:<.0@C8ÛEF/2141w17D0B9B2/21414J_D0E->Py�/267@[:<>P641w=0D0643580bq:<.R/>PyR:735YZ35�2@[:<3F>P8W�

�H8G�¾ðPð �0:<.0/)�-�a����&351�@Cy0yRE535/9=?:<>-@C8�/��R@CYZy0E5/�14B2/98L@C673F>-~�3u:<.|g��������T�O12�O®K�`�0%�1�@[80=>P80/w�'�0%³:<.L@[:�351�@CE514>":<.0/��#�a��:<>":7.0/�y0D c E53FB^:</9E5/9B2>PYZY}D0803FB{@[:735>P8�80/�:H~�>P64d,12����.0/B2>C14:-=L@[:<@wJ_>C6a:<.0/?EF3580d,1�351�@[1717DRY^/9=�:7> c /�y035/9B2/�~�3517/�EF3580/2@C6�@C80=v~�@C1�> c :<@C3580/9=vJ_67>PY��/267Y^@C8|�$/2E5/9B2>PY¯����.0/-67/214D0EF:71�17.0>f~#/2=":7.L@[:)@?B2>P1�:64/2=0D0B�:<3F>P8�>[J�gfh��ã>fUP/26�:<.R/ c /21�:80/�:H~�>P64dw358w:<.R/�X06714:T3u:</267@[:<3F>P8wB2>CD0E5= c /K@[BN.035/�UP/2=�D0173F80b?:<.0/K�-�a����}�

Page 39: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ð��

�3FbPD067/añR�ÁðOÞ# L64/2],D0/28RB9G¯\�/2D014/K3F8¯ª�zHB9/2E5E«%�E5D01�:</2641

¡½jO� y �wv�t}twm[xm6xZx�r½��vJ�9~�rut�a80/?>CJ :7.0/?Y^>C14: c @C173FB}E53FY^3u:N@[:735>P801�>[J#YZ> c 3FE5/-6<@C=R35>�B9>PY^Y�D08035B2@[:<3F>P8¯14GO14:7/2YZ1-3F1:<.R/67/914:76735B�:</9=�14y�/9B9:<67@CE c @C8R=R~�35=R:7.W�� LD080=L@CYZ/28;:<@CE�:<>?:7.0/�B2/9E5E5DREV@C6`B9>P80B9/2yR:T351`:7.0/�35=0/2@}>CJJ_67/9],D0/280B�G�67/9D017/ c G}~�.035BN.�:<.R/�1<@CYZ/`J_67/9]ODR/280B935/21<À[BN.L@C8R80/2EF1�B{@[8 c /�67/9D017/9=^3F8Z=R3F��/267/98;:bP/9>PbP6<@[y0.035B2@CEAE5>OB{@[:735>P8R14�Äð$�­�Õ� g��W�­����@CBN.�14D0BN.|E5>OB{@[:735>P8�351�67/�J_/26467/2=�:7>?@C1�@KB2/9E5E�ÅÆ[email protected]/��0@[bP>P8L@CE«3F8w17.L@[y�/{Ç���@C80=|351�@[E5E5>OB{@M:</2=|@?14/9:T>CJ�BN.L@C8080/9E51T@CB9B2>P64=03580b?:7>�:7.0/�/���y�/2B9:7/2==0/9YI@C8R=Z3F8�:<.0@[:�B2/9E5EÂ�$��.0/�/98,:73564/�17y�/2B9:767D0Y*351 @CEFE5>OB{@[:7/2=�:7>�@aB2EFD014:7/26 >CJ�B2/9E5EF1 @C6767@C80bP/9=358"17.L@Cy�/21):<.L@[:�@CE5EF>�~�J_>P6D08R3FJ_>P64Y 64/2D014/}yL@[:4:</9678019�-��.R/}bP/2>CY^/�:<64G�>CJ :7.0/}.0/��0@[bP>P8L@CEB2/9E5EF1�67/21�:<6435B9:71�:<.0/�8,D0Y c /26�>CJ�B2/9E5E51�y�/26�14/2B9:7>P6f5±:<>?:<.0/�=03F17B967/9:7/�UC@[E5D0/91

523²³ ` E ³on E n ` ÅÆñR�ÁðCÇ

~�.0/967/D³#@C80=pnw@C64/-3F8;:</2bC/26719�`��.,D01B9E5D01�:</9671B2@C8">C80EFG|@[B2B2>CY^YZ>�=0@[:</?gP�Añ���®R��ªsB9/2E5EF12� �3FbPD067/�ñ��Áð}17.R>�~�1)@C8|35EFE5D01�:<67@[:<3F>P8�>CJ$:<.0/�J_64/2],D0/28RB9G|67/9D017/-358¯@Zª�z�B2/2EFEWB2EFD014:7/26�14GO1�:</2Y¯�

��.0/�@CEFE5>OB{@[:735>P8�>CJ«:7.0/aEF35YZ3F:</9=^8,D0Y c /96`>CJSBN.L@C8R80/2EF1�:<>?/[email protected]/9E5E�3F8w@�YZ> c 3FE5/�B2>PYZY}D�z803FB{@[:735>P8|14GO1�:</2Y 351)@^Y�D0BN.�zH1�:<D0=R35/2=�y067> c E5/9Y6�¾ðP¬ �Â����.0/KBN.L@C808R/2E51)Y}D01�: c /�@[E5E5>OB{@M:</2=358|14D0BN.'@}~�@fG¯@[1�:7>�1<@[:73514J°G

� %�>[z�BN.L@C808R/2E�358;:7/264J_/967/980B2/©B2>C8014:76<@C3F8,:71vÞq��.0/214/�B9>P801�:<6<@[358;:<1|@C64/v=0D0/v:<>q67@C=03F>3F8,:7/26�J_/267/980B2/ c /9:H~#/2/28�B2/9E5E51`:7.L@[:�.L@{UC/-:7.0/�1<@CYZ/�BN.L@C8080/9E519�

Page 40: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ð�g

� %�>[z�B2/9E5E�Å_>P6�@C=�Ü7@CB2/98,:�BN.0@C8080/9E°Ç)B9>P8014:76<@C3F8;:<1?Þ��.R/217/�B9>P8014:76<@C3F8;:<1�@C643517/ c /9B{@CD014/>CJ�:<.0/T6<@[=035>�358;:7/264J_/967/980B2/ c /�:H~�/9/28w@C=�Ü7@CB2/98,:#BN.L@C8R80/2EF1#3F8Z:7.0/)17@CYZ/TB9/2EFEA:7.L@[:#@C64/80>[:�17/2y0@C6<@[:7/2= c G�17>PYZ/�Y^3F8035Y}DRY 14y�/9B9:76<@CE«=03F14:<@C80B2/[�A@C80=

� %�/9E5EW=0/9YI@[80=w67/9]ODR3567/9Y^/98;:<12Þ���.0/917/-3580=R35B{@M:</a.0>f~ÛYI@[8,GIBN.L@C808R/2E51T@C64/a67/9],D03564/2=3F8¯/2@CBN.¯B2/2EFE«=0D0/�:<>?:7.0/23F6�D08035],D0/�:76<@W¦ZB�yL@[:4:</2648012�

��:�.L@C1 c /2/98!14.0>f~�8!:<.0@[:?:<.0/|BN.L@[8080/2E�@[E5E5>OB{@M:<35>C8oy064> c E5/9Y Å­%��a��Ç}351?/2],D03uU[@CE5/98,:?:7>:<.R/KbP/980/267@CE53F�2/9=�B9>PE5>P643580b�y064> c EF/2Y£358¯bP67@Cy0.|:<.0/9>P64GC��@Zy067> c E5/2Yã:<.L@[:)351�d,80>f~�8":7> c /���z�B2>PYZy0E5/�:</½�áñ��W�­����.R/267/Z@C64/?/21417/28;:73V@CEFEFG¯:H~�>¯d,3580=01�>[J�@[E5E5>OB{@M:<35>C8�14BN.0/2YZ/21�zT �3 �R/9=%�.L@C8R80/2E��E5EF>�B2@[:<3F>P8�Å­ $%���Ç�@C80=w�GO8L@[Y^3FBa%�.L@[8080/2E��EFE5>OB{@[:735>P8�Å­��%��aÇ��O�H8w $%���:<.R/BN.L@C8R80/2EF1�@C64/?y�/967Y^@C80/98,:7EFG©@[E5E5>OB{@M:</2=':7>|/{@CBN.�B2/2EFEÂ�W~�.03FE5/}3F8���%�� :7.0/�BN.L@C808R/2E51K@C64/@CEFE5>OB{@[:7/2=o=�G�80@CY^3FB{@CEFEFGvDRy�>P8q64/2],D0/914:{����%��ã351�=R/2173F6<@ c E5/C� c DR:?D08R=0/26?.0/2@{UOG�:<67@W¦ZBE5>P@C=©B2>P80=R3F:<3F>P8019�S �%�� >PDR:7y�/964J_>P64Y^1�YZ>P1�:�dO8R>�~�8o��%�� 17BN.0/9Y^/91��Äð��W�­�I�O3580B9/Z.R/{@{U,G:<67@W¦ZB�B2>P8R=03F:735>P801�@[67/�/���y�/2B�:</2=�358�J_DR:7D067/�bP/980/267@[:<3F>P801�>CJ�B2/9E5EFD0EV@C6#80/9:H~#>P64dO19�A/�¦ZB23F/28;: $%��Í14BN.0/2YZ/21 c /9B2>PYZ/�YZ>P64/�3FY^y�>P64:<@C8;:{�!�E5E�>[J:<.R/"yL@Cy�/2641^14D064UC/9GC/2=�:<.L@M:�@CyRy0EFGbPEF> c @CE�17/{@[67BN.�:7/2BN.08R35],D0/21T:<>^%��a�x@C67/- $%���17BN.0/9Y^/91��ÄðPª$�­� �ÄðC¼W�­�þ�ÄðChW�­� �áñ��W�­�>�áñRg��­�>�ÄñPð$�Â�

�«/9:�D01�@[1717DRY^/�:7.L@[:}:7.0/264/|@C67/l=ÍBN.L@C8080/9E51}:7> c /|@C14173FbP80/2=:7>�5 B2/9E5E519����GOy035B2@CE5EuGP�:<.R/?358;:</964J_/264/280B9/?B2>P8R14:<67@C358;:71�@C67/}YZ>O=0/2EF/2= c Gv@[8�5|z c G;zÓ5�B9>PY^y0@[:<3 c 35EF3F:HG�Y^@[:7673u�rq"���.0/}=R3V@CbP>C8L@CE«/2EF/2YZ/28;:<1)>CJQ:7.0351TYI@M:<673 ���sqt� X �C��64/2y064/217/98;:�:<.0/KB2>[z�B2/2EFESB2>P801�:<67@C358;:�z`:<.R/8,D0Y c /26`>[J«J_67/2],D0/980B9G c @C80=01 c GZ~�.035BN.|@[=MÜ7@CB2/98;:�BN.L@C8080/9E51�@[17173FbP80/9=�:<>?B2/9E5E ³QY}D01�: c /17/9yL@C67@[:</9=t����.R/I80>P8OzH=035@CbP>P8L@[E /2E5/9Y^/98;:<1@qH� X u 64/2y064/217/98;:}:<.0/^8,D0Y c /26�>[J`J_67/9]ODR/280B�Gc @C8R=01 c G}~�.035BN.�BN.L@[8080/2EF1�@C171435bP80/9=}:<>�B2/9E5EF1s­�@[80=Hv�Y}DR14:�=03u��/962����JA:7.0/�B2>PYZyL@[:73 c 3FE53u:HGY^@[:<643u��351 c 358L@C6�GP��:7.0/28v:7.0/214/?B2>P801�:<67@C358;:<1�@[67/}/��RyR67/21417/9=Y^>C67/�1435YZy0EFGwz�3uJ :<.0/?17@CYZ/BN.L@C8R80/2E$B{@C8R80>C: c /K67/2DR17/2= c G¯B9/2E5EF1¾­©@C80=wv�:<.0/98�qt� X u 3*gC��@[80='3FJ�3F:TB2@C8 c /K64/2D014/2=:<.R/28wqH� X u 3@�R�

Page 41: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ðPð

��.0/T:<6<@$¦^BT67/9],D03564/2YZ/28;:<1�J_>P6�:7.0/TB2/2EFE51�@C64/)YZ>�=R/2E5/9= c G^@K=R/2Y^@C80=^UC/2B�:<>P6¿U&>CJWEF/280bC:7.5 :<.L@M:|67/2yR67/214/28;:<1|:<.R/�8,D0Y c /96w>CJ�64/2],D03F67/2=¡BN.L@C8R80/2EF1¯3F8�/{@CBN.¡>CJ-:<.0/vB9/2EFE512�*��.0/@C141735bC80Y^/98;:}:<> c /wbP/980/267@[:</9=q351}=0/980>C:7/2= c G@C8?5 �x= c 358L@C6�GoY^@[:7673u�-Pã~�.035BN.q3F1BN.0>P14/28�17D0BN.¯:<.L@[:

P*� X y 3 z{{| {{}g Þ ³ ·�~M�Ua�aa­G³��������Z³���´b�U��~��)��´ý´b�Ua�~ y� Þ����G�)���[�4³���� ÅÆñR�¿ñPÇ

�H8ZbP/280/96<@CE­�P:<.0/�B9>P14:�=0D0/�:7>-:7.0/�U�3F>PEV@M:<35>C8�>CJ�358;:</964J_/967/28RB2/TB2>P801�:<67@C358;:<1�3F8�:7.0351 yR67> c EF/2Y351�bC3FUP/98"@[12Þ· Ë 3n·[-��G�/-�� L�L E ·�-���-�e�� <�< � L 3��)^ ?9 � FZ�9��� ¢¡ FZ£9 ¡¥¤ Å�³ìH�nOÇ E �þ` ?9� �  u ?9 u FZ�9 � FZ£9 ¡§¦ Å�­ � H¨v ¡ Ç ÅÆñR�¾®;Ç

~�.0/967/ ¤ Å�³åH�nOÇw3 z{{| {{}� Þ¤³ê·Õ· ¸ ~ � �x~ ¡ ¸�©ªqt� X �g Þ«�U�G�)���S�S³��U� 351w@YZ/{@C14D067/v>[J�:<.0/vB9>[zHB9/2E5E)B2>P8Oz

14:76<@C3F8;:�17@[:<3F14JÆ@CB�:<35>C8W��@[80= ¦ Å�­ � H¨v ¡ ÇD3 z{{| {{}� Þ¤³ê·Õ· ¸ ­ � �­ ¡ ¸�©¥qH� X ug Þ«�U�G�)���S�S³��U� 3F1�@"YZ/{@[17D064/

>CJA:<.R/TB9>[zHBN.0@C8080/9ELB2>P801�:<67@C358;: 17@[:<3F14JÆ@CB�:<35>C8W��­ � @C80=Hv ¡ :<.R/)@[17173FbP80/9=�J_64/2],D0/980B23F/21 J_>P6Q:<.R/³ 8fe @C8R=hn 8fe BN.L@[8080/2EF1�>CJ�B2/9E5EF1S­�@C80=�v¯67/917y�/2B9:73FUC/2EFGo�5=¬�?:7.0/}8,D0Y c /26a>[J�BN.L@C8080/9E51�3F8:<.R/:­ 8fe B2/9E5E­�0@C80=w�9^��)�þ`@C64/�B2>P8R14:N@[8,:71T:7>}~�/935bP.|:<.R/�67/2E5@[:<3uUP/a3FY^y�>P6�:N@C80B9/a>CJ$:<.0/a:H~#>B2>C8014:76<@C3F8,:712����.0/-B2>C14:a=RD0/-:7>^:7.0/-UO3F>PEV@[:735>P8w>[J�:<67@W¦ZBK=R/2Y^@C80="64/2],D03F67/2YZ/28;:71B{@[8 c /YZ>�=0/9E5/9=w/���y0E53FB23u:<EFGI@C1T@C8|/26467>P6�:7/267Y¯Þ

· 8O­��G®�® � -)3 ?9 � Å'Us�*�g9¨y?P¯� X y Ç ` ÅÆñR�Á¬CÇ

��.0/-B2>P1�:�J_D080B9:735>P8w:7> c /�Y^3F8035YZ35�9/2=^B{@C8 c /�/��RyR67/21417/9=v@C12Þ·½3 · Ë E ·�8O­��G®�® � - ÅÆñR�c�PÇ

��J�:7.0/�:<6<@$¦^B�=0/9YI@[80=^64/2],D03F67/2YZ/28;:71�@C64/)3F80B2>C67y�>P6<@[:7/2=�35YZy0EF35B23u:<EuG c G�>C80EFG?B9>P801435=0/967358Rb:<.R>P17/-@C141735bC80Y^/98;:<1�~�.035BN.¯1<@M:<351�J°G�:<.R/2Y¯�R:<.0/98�:7.0/�B2>P1�:TJ_DR80B9:735>P8|>P80EuG�B9>P80173F14:71T>[J�:<.R/

Page 42: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ðCñ

358;:7/264J_/967/980B2/�zHB2>C8014:76<@C3F8,:�UO35>CEV@[:735>P8I:7/264Y�Þ·½3 · Ë 3n·�-���/-�� L�L E ·�-���-�e�� <�< � L ÅÆñR�ÁªCÇ

17D c Ü4/2B�:-:7>±° y P¯� X y 3 U ��H` ­S�?�O>PY^/�>CJ�:<.0/?yL@[y�/9671a:<.0@[:�=0/917B2643 c /?:<.0/?@[y0y0E53FB{@[:735>P8�>CJbPEF> c @CE�17/{@[67BN.�:7/2BN.08R35],D0/21T:<>?:<.R351�y064> c E5/9Ys@C64/�=0/214B2673 c /9= c /2EF>f~�Þ

3°Ça�H8 �¾ðCª$�Â��@���/980/9:735BZ�E5bC>P673u:<.0Y 351-D017/9=�:7>�=0/�:</967YZ3580/^@C8�>PyR:<3FYI@[EQBN.L@C808R/2E#@C171435bP8�zYZ/28;:{� �H8I:7.0//980B2>O=03F80b}BN.0>P14/28w3F8^:<.R351�y0@Cy�/96#J_>P6�:<.R/����K�,BN.067>PYZ>P14>PY^/91#~�.0>C17/:7>C:N@CEE5/980bC:7.!3F1�:7.0/¯17D0Y�>CJa@CE5E�BN.L@C8080/9E51^67/2],D03F67/9=�J_>P6�/[email protected]/9E5E�64/2y064/217/98;:�/{@[BN.ty�>C17173 c E5/@CEFE5>OB{@[:735>P8W�T��.0/}:76<@W¦ZB}=0/9YI@[80=v351:7.0/264/9J_>P64/}358RB2>P64y�>P67@[:</9='358;:7>�:<.0/}64/2y064/214/28;:N@[:735>P8��� :HG�yR35B{@[E BN.067>PYZ>P14>PY^/�B9>P80173F14:71K>CJ`@�EF3580/2@C6�@C6767@C80bP/9Y^/98;:K>[J�:<.R/^BN.L@[8080/2EF1-J_>C6-/[email protected]/9E5E�E53F14:</9=o3F8o>P64=0/269�"��.0/�1�:N@C8R=L@C67=qY�DR:N@[:735>P8�>Py�/267@[:<>P6K351-BN.0>P14/28W� ~�.03FE5/^@"17EF35bP.;:<EuGYZ>�=03uXL/2=�yL@[64:<35@CE5EuG�Y^@[:7BN.0/2=^B267>C1717>fUC/26�ÅÆ���¯Ú�Ç >Py�/26<@M:<>P6�351�=0/9173FbP80/2=Z:<.L@M:#y�/26�J_>P67YZ1�@B264>P1714>fUP/26)~�.035EF/-64/214>PEFUO358Rb"Å_B2>P6467/9B9:<3F80b,Ç�@C8;G|BN.L@C808R/2E$B2>P801�:<67@C358;:4zÂUO35>PE5@[:<3F>P801�:7.L@[:TYI@{G@C643517/�J_67>CYs:<.0/-B264>P1714>�UC/26a:7>I35YZy064>�UC/-:7.0/-y�/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/->CJQ:<.R/}@CEFbP>P673u:<.0Y¯����.0/}@CEFbP>[z673u:<.0Yã~`@C1�:</914:7/2='>P8�@^.R>PY^>CbP/280/9>PD01�B2/9E5EFD0EV@C6�8R/9:H~#>P67d|>CJ�®;hZB9/2EFE51�~�.0/264/K>C80EFG�:7.067/9/BN.L@C8R80/2EF1@C64/-@fU[@C3FEV@ c E5/C�R@C80=�>P8�=0@[:N@?:N@Cd[/28¯J_67>PY£@[8"@CB�:<DL@[E«3580.0>CY^>PbC/280/9>PD01�B2/9E5E5DREV@C680/�:H~�>P64d'B2>C80173F14:<3F80bw>CJ�ðP¬IB9/2E5EF1a@C8R=oª[ñ�BN.L@C8080/9E51ZÅ_dO8R>�~�8©:<> c /}14DB¦ZB235/98;:�Ç��K�H8 c >C:7.B{@[17/21�:7.0/Z@CE5bP>C673F:7.0Y£~`@[1K@ c E5/�:7>|bP/280/96<@[:7/�B2>P8RÝ035B9:�z�J_64/2/�@CEFE5>OB{@[:735>P8019���H8©:7.0/?B{@[17/�>CJ:<.R/K3F80.0>PYZ>PbP/980/2>PDR1T8R/9:H~#>P67d¯/��R@CYZy0E5/[�L:<.0/-17/�:7:<3F80bZ>CJ�@�.035bP.R/26�U[@CE5D0/�>CJ��>`�Å_3Â�Ä/C�`/9Y�zy0.L@[1735�93580b�B2>[z�BN.L@C808R/2EB9>P801�:<6<@[358;:�17@[:<3F14JÆ@CB�:<35>C8!>fUP/96�B2>MzHB2/9E5ETB2>P8R14:<67@C358;:^1<@[:7351�JÆ@CB9:735>P8AÇ~�@C1)/9Y^yR35673FB{@CEFEFG�> c 17/26�UP/9=�:<>Z17y�/2/9=�DRy�B9>P8;UP/264bP/28RB2/C�

353VÇ���/980/9:735B"�)E5bP>C673F:7.0YZ1�@C67/"@CE514>oD014/2=�358 �¾ð[¼W��J_>P6^J_64/2],D0/28RB9GtyREV@C808R3580b0��� c 3580@C64GB2>CY^yL@M:<3 c 35E53u:HG�YI@M:<673 ��3F1wD017/9=Û:<>�YZ>�=R/2E:7.0/�B9>[zHBN.0@C8080/9E-B9>P801�:<6<@[358;:<19� ��.R/�yL@[y�/96

Page 43: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ð[®

y064/217/98;:<1�:7.0/�y�/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/�>CJ�:H~#>�UC/2641735>C801�>CJ�bP/28R/9:<3FBZ@CE5bP>C673F:7.0YZ1)zT:<.0/�173FY^yRE5/Z���~�3F:7.14:<@C80=L@[67=>Py�/267@[:<>C671}@[80= c 3F8L@C64G©64/2y064/214/28;:N@[:735>P8���@C80=q@¯.,G c 6435=����ã~�.R/267/�@C8358;:7/2bP/96�67/2yR67/214/28;:N@M:<35>C8�3F1�D017/9=�J_>C6:<.0/�BN.L@[8080/2EF12�? L>P6):<.0/�173FY^yRE5/?������:<.0/?=0/9YI@[80=67/9],D03564/2YZ/28;:<1$@C64/Q/���y0EF35B23u:<EuG)3F80B2>C67y�>P6<@[:7/2=�3F8,:7>`:<.0/ B9>P14:SJ_D08RB9:<3F>P8�@C1«3F8���],DL@M:<35>C8ZÅ­ñR���;Ç�� L>P6�:<.0/K.;G c 6735='���Õ@^64/2y064/214/28;:N@[:735>P8�~�.035BN.�.L@C1):7.0/-=0/2Y^@C80=¯UP/2B�:<>P6 c D03FEF:T358;:<>Z3F:T3F1BN.0>P14/28W����.ODR1�@�Y^>O=03uXL/2=�X0:780/2141$J_D08RB9:<3F>P8-351«BN.0>P14/28KB2>P8014351�:<358Rb)>P8REFGa>[JR:<.R/�B9>[zHBN.0@C8080/9EB2>C8014:76<@C3F8,:�17@[:<3F14JÆ@CB�:<3F>P8�:</967Y¯� ��.0/K.;G c 6435=���� DR17/21TD0803uJ_>P67YãB264>P1714>�UC/26T35801�:</2@C=�>[J�g9zy�>P358;:�B264>P1714>�UC/26-Å_67/9J_/967643580b�:<>-:<.0/)8ODRY c /96�>CJ�E5>OB23L~�.0/967/64/2B9>PY c 3F8L@[:<3F>P8�:N@Cd[/21�yREV@CB9/fÇ�� LD064:7.0/264Y^>C67/C��@'1�:</9/2y�/214:Z=0/917B9/28;:"ÅÆE5>OB{@[E#14/{@C64BN.AÇ}@CE5bC>P673u:<.0Y�351K3580B9>P67y�>P67@[:</9=�@[:}:<.R//28R='>CJ�/{@[BN.'bP/28R/26<@M:<35>C8":<>^y�/964J_>P64YÍ@ZY^>C67/�:<.0>P64>PD0bP."17/{@[67BN.v>CJQ:7.0/�14>PE5D�:<35>C8"17y0@CB2/[���.0/K80/23FbP. c >P64.0>O>�=|J_>P6�:<.03F1)EF>�B2@CE«17/2@C67BN."351T=0/9XL8R/2= c G¯17/9E5/2B�:<3F80b�@�=03F��/264/28;:aBN.0@C8080/9EJ_>P6Z/{@CBN.xB2/2EFE)3F8!B9>P8RÝL3FB9:I358t@�yL@C6�:<35B9D0EV@[6�@C171435bP80YZ/28;:�@C80=xBN.R>�>P143580b�:<.0/ c /914:I17D0BN.@CEFE5>OB{@[:735>P8W�

��.0/�:H~�>"@CE5bC>P673u:<.0YZ1~#/267/Z:</914:</9=o>P8�B2/9E5EFD0EV@C6�8R/9:H~#>P67d©17B9/28L@[6735>C1�~�3u:<.�D0803uJ_>P67YØ@[80=80>P8OzHD0803uJ_>P67Y£:76<@W¦ZB?E5>P@C=01J_>P6):H~�>|d,3580=R1a>CJ�B2/9E5E5DREV@C6)14GO14:7/2YZ1z�:<.0/?1�:N@C8R=L@C67=©y0E5@C8L@C614GO1�:</2Y Å_~�3u:<.tg�ð¯BN.L@C8080/9E51?@[80=�ð�g�B9/2EFE51NÇ-@C80=q@�E5358R/{@C6-14GO14:7/2Y Å�g�ð�BN.0@C8080/9E51?@C8R=qhB2/9E5EF1)E5@C35=�>PDR:a1435=0/�z c G;zH1435=0/{Ç����:)~`@[1a> c 14/264UC/2=©/2YZy03F6735B2@CE5EuGI:7.L@[::7.0/�.;G c 6435=����Õy�/26�zJ_>P64Y^1 c /9:4:</96}:<.L@C8:7.0/|173FY^y0EF/w�����$~�.035BN.W� J_>P6�@"X��R/9=!DRy0y�/96?E53FY^3u:K>C8q8ODRY c /96?>CJbP/980/267@[:<3F>P801ZÅ­@[67>PD08R=oðW���;Ç��W~�@C1�D08L@ c E5/}:7>¯64/214>PEFUC/ZB9>P8RÝL3FB9:71�358�@CE5E c DR:�:7.0/�1735YZy0EF/214:B{@[17/219�

353F3°Ç�+�/9:�@C80>C:7.0/26�@M:7:</9Y^y�:�@[:�DR17358RbZ���¡J_>P6#XR��/9=�BN.L@[8080/2EW@C171435bP80YZ/28;:�3F1�=0/917B9673 c /2=|3F8�ÄðChW�­�Q��.0/T@CDR:7.0>P671�=0/917B9673 c /T@�Y^>O=03FX0/2=?bP/980/9:735B�zÂXR�Z@CEFbP>P643F:<.RY�:7.L@[:�DR:735EF35�2/91�@C8�/280B9>�=Oz358Rb�:</9BN.0803F]ODR/�B{@CEFE5/9=�:<.R/IYZ35803FY}D0Y?zH17/9yL@C67@[:<3F>P8v/280B9>�=R3580b�17BN.0/9Y^/[�'��.0/�8,D0Y c /26K>CJ

Page 44: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ðP¬

gP½Ä1)3F8�/2@CBN.'64>�~¨>CJ�:7.0/ c 358L@C6�G¯@C171435bP8RY^/98,:TY^@[:<643u�½P²B2>C6767/917y�>P80=01T:<>�:<.0/-8,D0Y c /26T>CJBN.L@C8R80/2EF1a@CEFE5>OB{@[:7/2=|:<>^:7.0/�B9>P6764/214y�>P8R=03580b^B2/9E5EÂ���$>�17@[:<3F14J°Gw:<.R/�=0/9YI@C8R='67/9]ODR3567/9Y^/98;::<.R351#~#>PD0EF=w80>P64YI@CEFEFG c /aB2>C8014:<@C8;:{����@CBN.wBN.067>CY^>P14>PYZ/a351�@ c 3580@C64G^14:767358Rb�:<.L@M:�67/9y067/�z17/98;:<1#:7.0/TYI@[:7673 �MP�:<.064>PD0bP.^@KB9>P80B2@[:</98L@[:<3F>P8Z>CJ�3u:<1�67>f~�19� ��.0/bP/980/9:735B�z�XR�Z@[E5bP>P643F:7.0Y=0/�XL80/21TY}DR:<@[:<3F>P8|@C80=¯B264>P1714>fUP/26)>Py�/26<@M:<>P641`J_>P6�@ c 358L@[64GwBN.064>PYZ>P17>PYZ/�358w14D0BN.'@?~�@fG:<.0@[:�:7.0/a8,D0Y c /26#>CJS>P80/91�Å_:7.0/aÃC~#/23FbP.;:<Ã}>CJ�:<.0/UC/2B�:<>P6<Ç#351�@CEF~�@{G�1�y067/917/26�UP/9=W�#��.R/ c 3uz8L@C6�G�/980B2>O=0358Rb?351�J_D06�:<.0/96�B2>PYZy064/21714/2= c G�:N@[dO3F80b}3F8,:7>�@CB2B9>PD08;:�:<.R/�B2>[z�B2/2EFE�B9>P8014:76<@C3F8;::<.0@[:a80>�:H~#>wBN.L@C8R80/2EF1a358":7.0/D­ 8fe B2/9E5E$B{@C8 c /}B9E5>P14/26):7.L@C8���= �²< 3³qt� X �P���.0351~#>PD0EF=35YZy0EuG':<.L@M:}/{@[BN.�g�358/[email protected]>f~ >CJ`:7.0/�PãYI@[:7673 ��Y}D014: c /^J_>PE5EF>�~#/2= c G�Å���= �²< � gfÇ�2/967>P19�`��.0/-Y^3F8035Y�D0Y�z�17/9yL@C6<@M:<35>C8I/28RB2>O=03580bZ17BN.R/2YZ/-:<@CdC/91a@C=RU[@C8;:<@CbP/�>CJ�:7.0351�JÆ@CB�: c G/2EF35YZ358L@M:<358Rb"Å���= �²< �¡g�Ç)�2/967>P1aJ_>CE5E5>f~�3F80b^:7.0/wgP�-��.ODR1a:<.0/ c 3u:�14:7673F80b�©�g������RgZ���Rg����.Ï351�64/2y064/214/28;:</9= c Gx©-gZ�RgPg�ϲ~�.0/28´��= �²< 3ãñR�?��.03F1�B2>PYZy067/9171435>P8�67/9=0D0B2/91-:7.0/Z17/{@[67BN.17y0@CB2/�J_D06�:<.0/962�©��.0/w3FY^y0EF35B93F:�/28RB2>O=03580bv>[JT:7.0/�B9>[zHB9/2E5E#B2>P8R14:<67@C358;:71?@C80=q=0/9YI@[80=q67/�z],D03564/2YZ/28;:<1Z358q:7.0351�Y^@C8080/96ZYZ/{@[801Z:7.L@[:�:<.R/¯B9>P14:ZJ_D080B�:<3F>P8�:7> c /|Y^3F8035YZ35�9/2=>C80EFGB2>C8,:<@C358R1�:7.0/�B2>[z�BN.L@C808R/2E«B2>C8014:76<@C3F8,:�UO35>CEV@[:735>P8^B2>P1�:{�

��.0/-bP/28R/9:<3FB-X���@CE5bP>C673F:7.0Y ~`@C1�:</914:7/2='>P8�@^14D03F:7/�>CJ�¬?y067> c E5/9Y^1�~�3F:7.¯U[@C6�GO3580bZ8,D0Y�zc /2671->CJ�B2/2EFE51ZÅ_®0�QðOg^@[80=qðP¬CÇ��$@C80=�8,D0Y c /2671->CJ�BN.L@C8080/9E51IÅÆ67@C80bP3F80bwJ_67>PY�gCgZ:7>"ñ��Ch;Ç��@CEF>P80b|~�3F:<.�=03F��/264/28;:KB2>PYZyL@[:73 c 3FE53F:HG�Y^@[:<6435B2/91-@C80=o=R/2Y^@C80=oUC/2B9:7>P6719����.R/I67/917D0Eu:<1->CJ:<.R351�@CEFbP>P673u:<.0Y ~#/267/�B9>PY^y0@C67/9=¯~�3u:<.w:<.0>C17/�J_67>PY�@Zy0@Cy�/96+�Äñ��W�«:<.L@M:T@Cy0y0EF35/2=|@?80/9D06<@[E80/�:H~�>P64d�:<>a:7.0/`XL6414: J_>PD06�>CJA:<.0/917/�y064> c E5/9Y^1�D0173F80ba:<.0/`J_64/2],D0/980B9G�>CJ�B9>P8;UP/264bP/28RB2/�Å_:<.R/6<@M:<35>I>CJ :<.0/?8,D0Y c /96a>CJ�17D0B9B2/91714J_DRE�64/214D0EF:71a:<>I:7.0/}:<>C:<@CE�8,D0Y c /96a>CJ�67D08R1NÇa@C1�@�B9673u:</�z673F>P8W����.0/bP/980/9:735B�z�XR�Z@[E5bP>P643F:7.0YÕ~�@C1�J_>PD080=Z:<>->PDR:<y�/26�J_>P67YÕ:<.0/T80/2DR6<@CEA80/�:H~�>P64d�358^@CE5EB{@[17/219�I��.0/?X0J°:7.�yR67> c EF/2Y×~�@C1�J_>P6�@¯ð�g9z�B2/2EFEQ14GO1�:</2YØ~�.0/967/�:<.0/Z@CEFbP>P643F:<.RY ~�@C1K@ c E5/:<>}X080=¯@}B2>P8RÝ035B9:�J_67/2/�@[17173FbP80YZ/28;:`~�3u:<.�J_/9~#/26�BN.0@C8080/9E51`:<.0@C8|y067/�U�3F>PD014EFG^67/2y�>P6�:</2=|3F8:<.R/-EF3F:7/26<@M:<D064/C�

Page 45: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ð��

3FURÇ)��35Y}DREV@[:7/2='�)8080/{@[E5358RbI351a@Cy0y0EF35/2=¯:<>�:7.0/}BN.L@C8R80/2E @[E5E5>OB{@M:<35>C8�y064> c EF/2Y�358��áñRg��­���H8:<.R/-B9>P14:TJ_D080B�:<3F>P8|D017/9= c Gw:<.0/-@CD�:<.0>P6412�L>P8REFGwB9>[zHBN.L@[8080/2ES3F8,:7/26�J_/267/980B2/-351�B9>P801435=0/967/2=��@C80=q:7.0/w:<6<@$¦^Bw=R/2Y^@C80=q:</967Y�3F1}/���y0EF35B23u:<EuG�14y�/9B23uXL/2=W�q��.R/¯3F803F:73V@CE�:</9Y^y�/267@[:<DR67/�Us�J_>P6T:<.0/�@C8R80/{@CEF3580bZ~`@[1aBN.0>P14/28 c G"14:<@C64:73580bZ~�3F:<.wU 3 �R�W@[80=v3580B967/2@C173F80b�3F:D08;:<3FE�:<.R/6<@M:<35>>µ�>CJ�@CB9B2/9yR:</9=¯:7>?y067>Py�>P14/2=w:<67@C80173u:<3F>P801�~�@C1 c /9:H~#/2/28G�R�¿ª}@C80=½�R�¾hR� ��.0/�B9>�>PEF3580b17BN.R/2=0D0EF/K3F1�BN.0>P14/28"14D0BN.�:7.L@[:

U Ë 3QU§¶f/���yKÅ�¸· U¹ Ç ÅÆñR�¿¼PÇ

~�.0/967/}3F1a@IyL@[6<@CYZ/9:7/26)~�3u:<.¯UC@[E5D0/ c /�:H~�/9/28-��@C80=ogP�W@C8R='351T:<.0/}1�:N@C8R=L@C67="=0/9UO3V@M:<35>C8>CJa:7.0/¯B2>P1�:w@[:^E5/�UP/2E¾U-����.0/¯:<6<@[80173u:<35>C801�D017/9=t:<>�=0/9XL8R/":<.0/¯80/935bP. c >P67.0>O>O=!>CJ�@C8@CB9B2/2y�:N@ c EF/I14>PE5DR:735>P8©3F80B2EFD0=0/�:<.0/ c @C1435BZÃCÝL35yOz�ÝL>PyRÃÅÆ@C=0=o>C80/IBN.L@[8080/2E�:<>"@�B9/2E5E­��@[80=67/9Y^>fUC/a>P80/)zQy067/917/964UO3580b}:7.0/8,D0Y c /96`>CJSBN.L@C8R80/2EF1�@C171435bP8R/2=AÇ��0@C80=�:7.0/a=0/98017/�zHyL@[BNdO3F80bYZ>�UC/}Å°XL80=I@CE5E08R/{@C64/214:�B2>[z�BN.L@C808R/2EAB2/9E5E519�,y035BNd}:7.0/�BN.L@C8080/9E�:7.L@[:#351�YZ>P14:�D014/2=�3F8Z:7.0/214/B2/9E5EF1I@C8R=x14~�3u:<BN.t3u:I>C8t@[:Z:<.0/�B2D06467/98,:IB2/9E5EÂÙT6<@[80=0>PYZEFGq14/2EF/2B9:�@C80=�:<D0648t>C�¡>P80/¯>CJ:<.R/^>C:7.0/26KBN.L@C808R/2E51-B2DR6767/98;:<EFG�3F8�D014/I3F8�:<.R351�B2/9E5E°Ç����$>�J_D06�:<.0/96K/980.L@C80B9/I:<.R/I@ c 35E53u:HG>CJ-:<.0/�@C8R80/{@CEF3580b�@[E5bP>P643F:7.0Y�:<>�/9U[@C=0/�E5>OB{@[EYZ35803FYI@R�`:7.0/�@CDR:7.0>P671¯@CEFE5>f~�Y}D0Eu:<3Fy0E5/ÝL3Fy�z�ÝL>Cy01�3F8I>P80/Y^>fUP/}Å_:7.0351#y�/967YZ3F:<1�bP64/{@[:7/26`YZ>fUP/2YZ/28;:�358I:7.0/a17>CE5DR:735>P8Z17yL@[B2/fÇ�����.0/yL@Cy�/26SJ_D06�:<.0/96�=03F17B9D01714/21Q.0>f~�@[=0=03F:735>P80@CEPB2>C8014:76<@C3F8,:71�3FY^y�>P14/2=->P8-:7.0351 c @C1435B�@CEFE5>OB{@[:735>P817BN.R/2YZ/C�,17D0BN.Z@C1�17>CJ°: 3F8;:</26�J_/264/280B9/�B2>P801�:<67@C358;:<19�;.L@C64=�@C80=?17>[J°: y067/�z�@CEFE5>OB{@[:7/2=KBN.L@C8080/9E519�@C80=¯YZ35803FY^3F�2/2=^17y�/2B�:<67DRY£=0/2Y^@C80=W�LY^@{G c /�3580B9>P67y�>P6<@M:</2=|3F8,:7>}:<.0/�B9>P14:TJ_D080B�:<35>C8W�

��.0/-��3FY}D0E5@[:</9=I�8R80/{@CEF3580b}@CE5bP>C673F:7.0Y 351�:</914:</9=�>C8w@�ª�zHB9/2EFE�B9E5D01�:</26�14BN.0/2YZ/aJ_>P6�@C8w358�z.0>PYZ>PbP/980/2>CD01�8R/9:H~#>P67d�~�3F:7.}ð[ñPhTB9/2EFE512�[ñP¼�BN.L@C808R/2E519�C14>PY^/�y064/�z�@[E5E5>OB{@M:</2=�BN.0@C8080/9E51Q@[80=U[@C64GO3F80b�=0/9YI@[80=W����3FY^yRE5/KÅÆ>P8REFG}ÝL3Fy�z�Ý0>PyIYZ>fUP/21<Ç#@C8R=�17>PyR.0351�:<35B2@[:</9=vÅ°ÝL35y�zÂÝL>PyW�,=0/98017/�zyL@CBNd,3F80b|@C80=vY}DREF:<3Fy0E5/�ÝL3Fy�z�Ý0>Py01NÇ�80/23FbP. c >C67.0>O>�=�17BN.0/9Y^/91-@C67/KB2>PYZyL@C64/2=v358�:</264Y^1)>CJ

Page 46: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ðPª

B2>C8,UC/264bP/280B9/vy�/967B9/28;:N@CbC/C��XL8L@CETB2>C14:{��@[80=tB2>CY^y0D�:<358Rb�:735YZ/C���1I/���y�/9B9:7/2=W��:<.R/"17>Mzy0.03F14:735B{@M:</2=o17BN.0/9Y^/91?y�/964J_>P64YÎ1435bP803uXLB{@[8,:7EFG c /9:4:</269� =0/2YZ>P801�:<67@[:<3F80b�:7.0/�35YZy�>P64:<@C80B2/>CJ�.L@{UO3580bZ@�bP>�>O=w80/935bP. c >P67.0>O>O=¯=R/9XL803u:<3F>P8W�

URÇ���35Y�D0EV@[:7/2=^�8080/2@CE53F80b?@C8R=w��@ c D"�O/{@C64BN.�@[67/aB9>PY^y0@C67/9=�J_>P6�:<.R/-%��a�!3F8��áñ;ð$�­� ��.0/B2>C14:�J_D080B�:<35>C8|:7> c /�YZ35803FY^3F�2/2=I351�bP3uUP/28¯@C1

· Ë Ë 3º9¡ N F ±h��­)� N ? ¶ P*� X ¡ º E g¦ · ÅÆñR�¿hPÇ

~�.0/967/p·|351#@C1�=0/9XL8R/2=w358^� ],DL@[:<3F>P8vÅÆñR�¿ªPÇ ~�3u:<.Z:<.0/�:<67@W¦ZB=0/9YI@C8R=I=0/�XL80/2=I35YZy0E53FB23F:7EFGC���.0/?XL6414:�:</967Y×3F8v:<.0/?/��RyR67/214173F>P8o@M:7:</9Y^y�:<1a:<>|YZ35803FY^3F�2/�:<.0/ c @[80=R~�35=�:<.�@CE5EF>�B2@[:</9=W�

¦ 351�@�17Y^@CEFE�y�>P173u:<3uUP/}8,D0Y c /26a:7.L@[:�bC3FUP/91�@wEV@C64bP/26T~�/935bP.;:�:<>�:7.0/?17/9B2>P8R=�:7/267Y :<.L@M:67/9y067/917/98,:71):7.0/�358;:</964J_/264/280B9/KB9>P801�:<6<@[358;:<19�

L>P6a:<.R/Z�����W:7.0/�35803u:<3V@[E$:7/2YZy�/96<@[:7D067/?3F1�BN.0>P17/98@C1�3F8 �ÄñRg�� c GvD0173F80b|:<.0/�@CB9B2/9yR:N@C8RB2/6<@M:<35>Hµ�����.0/�B2>O>PEF3580b}14BN.0/2=RD0E5/-351�:N@[dC/28|J_67>CY � g�ð$�­Þ

U Ë 3 Ug E K�»½¼j¾§^ �j¿�ÀÁ� ŭñR�ug��;Ç

~�.0/967/ÄÃ351|@�=0351�:N@C80B9/©yL@C6<@[Y^/�:</26wBN.R>P17/98Û:<> c /\���Á¬358�:7.0351|yL@Cy�/269� A>C6�:<.0/©�T�@CEFbP>P673u:<.0Y =0/917B2643 c /2=�358w:<.0/-yL@Cy�/269�0:H~�>Z:N@ c D�EF3514:71�@C67/�Y^@C358;:<@C3580/9=Iz#>P80/�J_>P6�:<.0/�B9/2E5EÅÆ>[J 173F�2/?ªCÇ���>P80/KJ_>C6T:7.0/�BN.L@[8080/2EF1?Å_1735�9/Ig�Ç����8v@C14y03567@[:<3F>P8¯B2673u:</96735>C8�3F1)D014/2=':7>w@CE5EF>f~/9UC/28":<@ c D�Y^>fUP/91)3uJ�:7.0/9G¯@C64/-J_>CD080=|:<>�G�3F/2EF=�EF>�~#/26TB2>C14:T:<.L@C8¯:<.0/-B2DR6767/98;: c /21�:B9>P14:2���.0/`=R/28014/�yL@CBNd,3580ba@C80= c @[1735B�ÝL35yOz�ÝL>Py�Y^>fUP/91�ÅÆ=R/217B9673 c /9= c /�J_>P67/{Ç�@C64/�D014/2=}~�3F:7.}/2],DL@[E~#/235bC.,:71�:<>Z=0/9:7/267YZ358R/a:<.0/�80/935bP. c >P67.0>O>O=�J_>P6 c >[:<."����@C80=¯�T�¯@[E5bP>P643F:7.0Y^19�

�yRy0EFGO358Rb':<.0/|@CEFbP>P643F:<.RY^1�:<>©/��0@[Y^y0EF/21}>[JTU[@C6435>PDR1}173F�2/21¯ÅÆh":<>©®;h'B9/2E5EF1�~�3F:7.:<67@W¦ZB=0/9YI@C8R= c /9:H~#/2/98Ûg¯@C8R=¡gZ�;Ç��Q:7.0/|@CDR:7.0>P671?> c 17/964UP/|:<.0@[:Z��3FY}D0EV@M:</2=o�8080/2@CE53F80bv> c z:N@[35801 JÆ@C3F67EFG�bP>O>�=Z17>PEFDR:<3F>P8019�P~�.035EF/�:7.0/��@ c D���/{@[67BN.�3F1�/��O:<67/9Y^/9EFG�3F80/9��/2B�:<3FUC/C�Q��:�:<>O>Pd

Page 47: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ðC¼

E5>C80bP/26�:<.L@C8^ð[®�.0>CD0671 >P8Z@-�R()�&�R���\�%Ûg��~#>P67d,1�:N@[:735>P8?J_>P6 y064> c EF/2Y²35801�:N@C80B9/21 ~�3F:7.g��}B9/2E5EF1�>P6`YZ>P67/[�0@C8R=¯>C8|:7.0/�y067> c E5/9Yã3F8014:<@C80B2/�>[JQh}B9/2E5EF1�3F:�=035=|80>C:`YI@[:7BN.w:<.0/�y�/26�zJ_>P64YI@C8RB2/>[JW:<.0/����¨@CEFbP>P643F:<.RY³358I:7/264Y^1#>CJ«:<.0/)Y^3F8035Y�D0Y³8,D0Y c /26`>[JSBN.L@C8080/9E51`DR17/2=����:Z3519��.0>f~#/9UP/962��/98,:73564/2EFGy�>P14173 c E5/w:<.0@[:�:<.0/¯=03514YI@[E`y�/964J_>P64YI@[80B2/|>CJT:<.0/¯�T��3F8q:<.03F1/���y�/26435YZ/28;:�Y^@fG^.L@{UP/ c /2/98|=0D0/:7>�@C8w3580/"¦ZB235/98;:�35YZy0E5/9Y^/98;:N@[:735>P8�>CJS:<.R/�@CE5bC>P673u:<.0Y¯�

UO3°Ç���.R/T14y�/9B2D0E5@[:<3F>P8�67/9b;@C67=R3580b:7.0/�y�>O>P6Q64/214D0EF:71 >CJ��T�}3F8G�áñ;ð��L351 bP3uUP/98Z14>PYZ/�B267/9=0/28RB2/c G�:<.0/T67/917D0Eu:<1�358d�ÄñCñW�A~�.0/264/):<.R/)D014/)>[JW��@ c Dw�O/{@C64BN.IJ_>P6 J_67/9]ODR/280B�G�@C14173FbP80YZ/28;:�351�358�zUP/914:735b;@[:7/2=}YZ>P64/�:7.0>P64>PD0bP.0EuGP�$��.0/#J_>C67Y}D0E5@[:<3F>P8�>CJR:7.0/�B9>P801�:<6<@[358;:<1�@C80=K:7.0/�/���y067/917173F>P8J_>P6:7.0/�B2>P1�:�J_D080B�:<35>C8�DR17/2=�358':7.0351�y0@Cy�/96�@C67/?3F=0/28;:735B{@[E�:<>w:7.0>P17/�bP3uUP/98�3F8©� ]OD0@[:<3F>P8Å­ñ��¾®,Ç����$>KYZ358R35YZ35�2/�:<.R/T8,D0Y c /96�>[J�J_64/2],D0/980B23F/21Å�5r^KÇQD017/9=^3F8Z@�BN.0@C8080/9E�@[17173FbP80YZ/28;:{�:<.R/K��@ c D'��/{@C64BN.'351�B2@C676435/2=¯>PDR:)@[:)@C8�35803u:<35@CE5EuG�.035bP.|U[@CE5DR/->[J)5r^�����J @ZB9>P8RÝL3FB9:4zÂJ_67/9/@C141735bC80Y^/98;:�351`J_>PD08R=¯:7.0/28|:<.0/�U[@CEFD0/�>CJs5r^³351�=R/2B264/{@C14/2= c G©gC�L@C80=|:<.03F1�351�64/2y�/{@[:7/2=D08;:<3FEW>P80/�B2@C8�8R>ZEF>P80bP/96`XL80=¯17D0BN."@ZB9>P8RÝL3FB9:�z�J_67/9/�@C171435bP8RY^/98,:2�

��.0/ZB2>[z�B2/9E5E B2>C8014:76<@C3F8,:71�@[67/Z3580B9>P67y�>P6<@M:</2=©3F8,:7>"@|B{@[80=035=0@[:</Z@C141735bC80Y^/98;:+­bP3FUC/28@[1J_>PEFE5>f~�12Þ

­½3Y¶[~Z^ X ^ AZAZA¨~�^ X K�Å AZAZAÆ~�� X ^ A�AZA¨~�� X KM�9AZAZA�~ ? X ^ AZA�A¨~ ? X K�Ç_º Å­ñR�ugPg�Ç17DRBN.�:7.L@[:�` ­n¹³g_AZAZAå5XH`̳åH�n ¹³g_AZA�AØU ��H�¸ ~�� X � ��~�� X ¡ ¸dÈÉqH� X �C�Q~�.0/264/±~�� X ¡ 351-:<.0/Ên 8feBN.L@C8R80/2E�@CEFE5>OB{@[:7/2=':7>�:<.0/M­ 8fe B9/2EFEÂ�-��.0351-@C141735bC80Y^/98;:�1<@[:73514X0/21a:<.R/^@[=MÜ7@CB2/98;:KBN.0@C8080/9E358;:7/264J_/967/980B2/-B2>P8R14:<67@C358;: c G|=0/�XL803F:735>P8��

� 80/935bP. c >P6�­ Ë >CJ�@?17>PEFDR:<3F>P8�y�>P358;:°­�B{@C8 c /�> c :<@C3580/9= c GwBN.L@C80bC3580b}:7.0/�UC@[E5D0/a>[J�@[8,GBN.L@C8R80/2ER:7.L@[:�.L@C1 c /2/98�@CE5EF>�B2@[:</9=�358+­Z17D0BN.Z@)~�@{G�:<.0@[:�:7.0/`80/�~�U[@CEFD0/`@[EF~�@fGO1Q17@[:<3F14XL/91:<.R/B2>MzHB2/9E5EAB2>C8014:76<@C3F8,:2�� LD064:7.0/26�@KB{@[80=035=0@[:</)E5351�:�>CJ«80/�~Û8R/235bC. c >P641�ËD¯#351�17y�/2B23uXL/2=|@[1

Page 48: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ðCh

J_>PEFE5>f~�12Þ

Ë ¯ 3Y¶�­ Ë ³µ´u5oÅ�­�Ç ¸ ­ Ë � ´b�S­>� ³ê·Õ·b�����Z�s�G�C�ÍÌ/�/a&Î �Í��·H~��$´Õ·ba'³�~��Ó³µ´s�:·s�$��Ï[Î �Z´5~�v º�Å­ñR�ug�ðPÇ��.0/^1735�9/^>[J`:<.03F1�B{@C80=R35=L@[:7/^EF351�:-U[@C6435/91-=RD0673F80b�:7.0/^14/{@C64BN.W� @C8R=o.0/9E5y01-:<.0/Z17/[email protected]:7>B2>C80B2/98,:76<@[:7/�>P8�358RÝLDR/28;:<35@CECYZ>fUP/21«~�.03FE5/Q64/2=0DRB2358Rb`:<.0/�173F�2/ >CJ,:7.0/ 80/23FbP. c >C67.0>O>�=����O3580B9/>P80EuG}@�yL@[64:�>CJA:<.R/�J_64/2],D0/980B9GZ@C14173FbP80YZ/28;:�351QBN.0@C80bP/9=^=0DR67358Rb�/{@CBN.ZY^>fUC/C�;:<.0/�14y�/9/2=Z>CJ/9U[@CEFDL@[:735>P8�3F1«67/2=RD0B2/9= c G�=03F��/264/28;:<35@CE5EuGDRy�=L@M:<358Rb�:7.0/�B2>P1�:�@C1S/{@CBN.KY^>fUP/�3F1«YI@C=R/C�$��.0/173F�2/�>CJ�:<.0/�:N@ c DKEF3514:2�SÐ��[3F1SYI@C=R/Q:<> c /�y064>Py�>C64:<3F>P8L@CE[:<>�:<.0/�E5/980bC:7.K>CJ�:<.0/�B2@C80=03F=L@[:</�EF3514:@[:�/2@CBN.^3u:</96<@[:735>P8W�ZÐ�3��f¸½ËJ¯�¸�@C8R=Z:7.ODR1�U[@C6435/91�@C1Q:<.0/�@[E5bP>P643F:7.0Y�y067>OB2/9/2=019� �b;@C3F8W�P:<.R/173FY^yRE5/�@C14y03567@[:<3F>P8�B9673F:7/26435>P8w3F1�BN.0>P17/98�~�.0/967/�:<.0/a:<@ c D¯14:<@[:<D01�>CJ�@?Y^>fUC/�351�B{@[80B2/9E5E5/9=3FJ$3u:�E5/{@[=01`:<>^@?17>PEFDR:<3F>P8 c /�:7:7/26�:<.L@[8¯:7.0/ c /914:T17>PEFDR:<3F>P8w/28RB2>PD08;:7/267/9="14>ZJÆ@C69�

��.0/��T�!@CEFbP>P673u:<.0Y�:<.,D01^=0/21435bP8R/2=!~�@C1I@Cy0y0EF35/2=�>P8x@�14D03F:7/�>[Ja67/2@CEuz�173F�2/2=�y064> c E5/9Y^1:N@[dC/28©J_67>CY×=L@[:<@wy067>fUO35=0/9= c G':7.0/Z L67/28RBN.o�)@[:<3F>P8L@CE�\T/917/{@[67BN.o%�/28;:</96-J_>P6��$/2EF/2B9>PY�zY}D08R35B{@M:<35>C801�@C80=©B9>PY^y0@C67/9=©~�3u:<.�@wE5>OB{@CE�17/[email protected]@CE5bP>C673F:7.0YÎÅÆ1�:</2/9y�/914:K=0/214B2/98,:NÇ-@[80=:<.R/ c /214:�d,80>f~�8w67/214D0EF:71�> c :N@C3F80/2=�~�3F:7.I>C:7.0/26#Y^/�:<.0>O=01�3580B9E5D0=03F80b���35Y}DREV@[:7/2=Z�8080/2@CEuz358Rb0�' L>P6-/{@CBN.q�T�o64D08q>CJ�g����R�c������3u:</267@[:<3F>P8019��:<.R/I14:7/2/9y�/914:�=0/917B2/98;:I@[E5bP>P643F:7.0Y×~�@C167DR8oðW�I:<35YZ/21)J_>P6-¬���������3F:7/267@[:<3F>P8012�-��.0/�E5>OB{@[E�14/{@C64BN.o@CEFbP>P643F:<.RY 64/2y�/{@[:7/2=0EuG"GO35/9E5=0/9=17D c zH>Py�:<35Y^@CE`64/214D0EF:71Z~�.03FE5/�:7.0/��T�q~`@[1I@ c E5/w:<>©XL80=!80/{@C6�zH>Py�:<35Y^@CE`14>PE5D�:<35>C801?],D03F:7/17y�/2/9=035EuGvJ_>P6�Y^>C14:->CJ�:7.0/Z35801�:N@C80B9/21-17/9E5/2B�:</9=W�w�H8oB9>PY^y0@C673F80bw:<.0/9356���@ c Dq��/2@C67BN.@CEuzbP>P643F:7.0Y ~�3F:<.^:<.0/-��3FY}D0E5@[:</9=I�8R80/{@CEF3580b�67/214D0EF:71�J_67>CY¤�áñC®W�­�R:7.0/�@CDR:7.0>P641`17.0>f~#/2=|:<.L@M::<.R/��T�Z@CEFbP>P643F:<.RY�~�@C1�B{@[yL@ c EF/�>CJ�YI@[:7BN.0358Rb0�P/9UC/28^>PDR:<y�/26�J_>P67YZ358Rb�����358�EF>�B2@[:<3F80b:<.R/YZ35803FYI@CE�8,D0Y c /26�>CJWJ_67/9],D0/280B935/91�J_>P6�BN.L@C808R/2E�@CE5EF>�B2@[:<3F>P8W�S��.0/�T�^@CE5bP>C673F:7.0YÕ~�@C1�@CE514>> c 14/26�UP/2=^:<> c /�JÆ@C1�:</26 :7.L@C8�:<.0/�����,��@C17/9=ID0y�>P8�J_D064:7.0/26�/���y�/26435YZ/28;:N@CEL/�UO35=0/980B2/[��:<.R/@CDR:7.0>P641#B967/2=R3F:�:<.0/)y�/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/�>CJW:7.0/a@CEFbP>P643F:<.RYÕ:<>�:<.R/D017@CbP/T>CJW:<.R/B2>C8RÝL35B�:4z c @C17/9=B{@[80=035=0@[:</?EF3514:a14:<67@[:</9bCG©@C8R=�:7.0/?3580B9>P67y�>P67@[:<3F>P8'>CJ#B2>[z�B2/9E5EQB9>P8014:76<@C3F8;:<1�358;:<>�:7.0/�B{@C8Oz

Page 49: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ñ��

=03F=L@[:</K17>PEFDR:<3F>P8"y�>P3F8,:71�ÅÆ8R/23F:7.0/26)>CJ�~�.035BN.'~�@C1�=0>C80/}358 �Äñ;ð��Â��~�.0/264/?�T�"=035=v80>[:JÆ@C64/~#/2E5EVÇ��

¡½jI¡ ���G�9~Z{ v�x_Ñ vDqsm ���9vJ�9~�rut Òr½�fv+�)~�rut�a80/T>CJ�:7.0/)YZ>P1�:#BN.0@CE5EF/280bP3F80b�=0/21435bP8Zy064> c E5/9Y^1�3F8Z:7.0/)yREV@C808R3580b-@C80=Z=0/9y0E5>fGOY^/98;:�>CJW@YZ> c 35EF/`6<@[=035>�B9>PY^Y�D08035B2@[:<3F>P8}80/�:H~�>C67d�351 =0/9B23F=03580b�>P8�:<.R/T>CyR:<3FYI@CE�E5>OB{@[:735>P8R1�J_>P6 c @C14/14:<@[:<3F>P8019� %�D06467/28;:7EFG-:<.0/`EF>�B2@[:<3F>P8->CJ c @C14/`14:<@[:<3F>P801Q3F1�>CJ°:7/28}=0>C80/`358}@C8|·;º$ÓµÃ7Åf¸�Y^@C8080/96UO3V@IY^@C8,DL@CE$358R17y�/2B9:735>P8�>CJ�Y^@Cy0114.0>f~�3580bwyR67>PyL@[b;@[:<3F>P8"yR67>Py�/26�:<35/91>CJ :7.0/?@C64/{@^:7> c /17/964UO35B9/2=W�`��3uUP/98"@?E53F14:�>CJ�y�>C:</98,:73V@CE«143F:7/21�358¯@�17/26�UO35B2/K@C64/{@?~�.0/264/ c @[17/-14:N@M:<35>C801�YI@{Gc /TEF>�B2@[:</9=W�C:7.0/�bP>;@CE03F1Q:<>�D014/Td,80>f~�EF/2=0bP/�>CJ�:<.R/T67@C=03F>�y067>Py0@Cb;@[:735>P8?BN.L@[6<@CB�:</264351�:<35B91 >CJ:<.R/�@C64/{@�:<>)17/2EF/2B�:�143F:</91�3F8�17D0BN.?@�~`@{GK@C1«:<>)Y^3F8035YZ35�9/�:7.0/23F6$8,D0Y c /96$~�.03FE5/�Y^@M��35YZ35�23F80bB2>fUC/26<@[bP/^3F8v:<.0/^@C67/2@R����.0351�~#>PD0EF=�64/2=0D0B9/I80/�:H~�>C67dvB2>C14:�@C80=�B2>PYZy0E5/���3F:HGv@[80= c /Z@bP64/{@[:Z35YZy064>�UC/2YZ/28;:�D0y�>P8�:<.0/|B2DR6767/98;:IYZ/9:7.0>�=R>PE5>Pb[G�J_>P6?14/9:4:<358Rb�D0y�YZ35B264>[zHB9/2EFE5D0E5@C680/�:H~�>P64d,12����.0/wy067> c E5/9Y 3F1KUC/264Go173FY^3FEV@C6�:<>�:<.0/�YZ358R35Y}D0YØ=R>PY^3F8L@[:73580b¯17/�:¯ÅÂ�"���RÇy064> c E5/9YãJ_64>[email protected]:<.0/9>P64GC�0~�.035BN.¯351�d,80>f~�8¯:<> c /��)�Qz�.L@C64=� ®��­�

�$>Zy�/26�J_>P67Y�17D0BN."@C8|>PyR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8��,:7.0/�B2>P1�:�J_D080B�:<35>C8¯8R/2B2/91717@C673FEFGw3F8,UC>PEFUC/21�:<.R/-67@C=03F>y064>PyL@Cb;@M:<35>C8'BN.L@C67@CB9:7/2673F14:735B21�>[J#:7.0/�@C67/2@R����.R351�Y^@fG c /?=R/9:</967YZ3580/9=©D0173F80bw17>PyR.0351�:<3uzB{@M:</2=I6<@{G;z�:<67@CB23F80b�14>CJ°:H~�@C67/�Å°~�.035BN.wB9>PD0EF= c /a@KUC/264GZ:<3FY^/�zHB9>P8017DRY^3F80bKyR67>OB2/2141NÇ��R>P6 c GD0143580b^/2YZy0356435B{@[E«y067>Py0@Cb;@[:735>P8¯Y^>O=0/9E51�J_>P6TyL@[:<.�E5>P1412���8R>C:<.0/963F1717DR/�358¯:<.0/K=0/21435bP8�>CJ:<.R/}B2>P1�:aJ_D080B�:<3F>P8v351T:<.0/�:76<@C=R/�zH>[� c /9:H~#/2/98�B9>�UC/267@CbP/�@C80=v8,D0Y c /96a>CJ c @C14/}14:<@[:<3F>P8012���.0/}YZ>P64/ c @[17/�1�:N@[:735>P8R1T:7.0/264/}@C64/C��:7.0/�bC67/{@M:</26TB2>fUC/26<@[bP/�:<.R/267/�3512� c D�::<.R/267/�351)@CE514>B2>C6767/917y�>P80=03F80bPEuG�bP64/{@[:7/26�6<@C=R35>?358;:7/264J_/967/980B2/K@C80=|80/�:H~�>P64d|B2>P1�:{�

Page 50: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ñRg

3°Ç���/980/9:735B��EFbP>P673u:<.0YZ1`@[67/�@Cy0yRE535/9=w:<>?:<.03F1`:N@C14d�358\�áñ;¬$�­� ��:T351�@C1417D0YZ/2=|:<.L@M:T@�EF351�:�>CJ5�y�>P14173 c E5/�E5>OB{@M:<35>C801 351�d,80>f~�8 c /�J_>P67/9.L@C80=���14D0BN.I:<.0@[:�3FJ�:7.0/264/T~#/264/ c @[17/1�:N@[:735>P8R1#@M:@CEFEW:<.0>P14/KEF>�B2@[:<3F>P8019�Wg������ 6<@C=03F>^B9>fUP/267@CbP/K351�bPDL@C67@C8;:</9/2=W�`� c 3F8L@C64G�/280B9>�=03F80bZ>CJQ:<.R/y064> c E5/9Y£351TBN.0>P14/28©@C1TJ_>PE5EF>�~�19Þ�/2@CBN.'BN.064>PY^>C17>PYZ/KB9>P80143514:71a>CJ_5 c 3F:712�L~�3F:7.'@I>C80/�@M:/{@[BN. c 3u:`3uJ$:7.0/264/�351�@ c @[17/�14:<@[:<3F>P8|@[:`:7.0/�E5>OB{@M:<35>C8IB2>C6767/917y�>P80=03F80b?:<>}:7.L@[: c 3u:{�L@[80=|@�2/967>Z>C:<.R/264~�3F17/[� ��.0/K1435YZy0E5/914:T���¨3F1`XL671�:)/�U[@CE5DL@M:</2=wJ_>P6#:<.0/�X0:780/2141TJ_D08RB9:<3F>P8wBN.0>P14/28@C1�J_>PEFE5>f~�12Þ

·½3ÕÔ×Ö´ Å­ñR�ugfñ;Ç~�.0/967/ Ô 351-:<.0/^6<@C=R35>"B9>fUP/267@CbP/�Å°:<.0/^y�/967B2/98;:N@CbP/w>[J�E5>OB{@[:735>P801�B9>�UC/264/2= c Go:<.R/ c @C14/14:<@[:<3F>P801Q14/2EF/2B9:7/2=AÇ��,@C80=M´w3F1�:<.R/�8ODRY c /96Q>CJ c @C14/�14:<@[:<3F>P801�:7.L@[:�@[67/`y064/214/28;:{�d�"3F1 @ayL@Mz6<@[Y^/�:</26�:<.L@[:�351�:7D080/9=�:7>JÆ@{UP>P6 B9>fUP/267@CbP/`~�3u:<.}64/217y�/2B�:�:<>:7.0/�8,D0Y c /26Q>CJA:76<@C8014Y^3u:7:7/2671@C80=¯351�@[17173FbP80/9="@}U[@CE5DR/�>CJ ð}3F8|:7.0351�y0@Cy�/962�

����y�/96735YZ/28;:<@CE$:7/21�:<1>[JQ:<.03F1@[E5bP>P643F:7.0Y�~#/267/�y�/964J_>P64Y^/9=">P8"@�ª��ZdOY£�'ª��^d,Y�67/9bP35>C8358� L6<@C8RB2/?J_>P6+5 3�g�¬��R�S~�3F:7.�:7.0/Z6<@C=03F>|B2>fUP/96<@CbP/ZJ_67>PY×/{@CBN.�y�>P14173 c E5/�E5>OB{@M:<35>C8 c /�z358Rb�B9>PY^yRDR:</9= c G�@�67@C=035>w~�@{UP/�y064>PyL@CbP@[:<3F>P8©1735Y�D0EV@[:735>P8':7>�>CEÂ�Z�ã14>PE5DR:735>P8v~�3u:<.o¬Pðc @C14/1�:N@[:735>P801�B9>�UC/2643580b�¼��R���C® �²~�@C1#J_>CD080=W� c DR:#173F80B2/�:<.0/)@CEFbP>P673u:<.0Y²~`@[1�J_>PDR80=^:7> c /UP/964G"17E5>f~²3F:)~`@[1�yL@C6<@[E5E5/9E53F�2/2=¯D0143580bI:7.0/?yL@C67@CE5EF/2ES3514EV@C8R=01YZ>�=R/2E$>CJ#���K���H8':7.0351TUP/26�z173F>P8Z>CJ�:7.0/)���K�P:<.0/Ty�>Cy0D0EV@M:<35>C8?351�=0351�:<643 c DR:7/2=Z358;:<>�14D c zHy�>Py0DREV@[:735>P801TÅ_3514EV@C80=R1NÇ�~�.0/264/:<.R/9G!/9UP>CEFUP/"]OD0@C173 zH358R=0/2y�/280=R/28;:<EuG�:7>f~`@C64=01I:7.0/'17>CE5DR:735>P8W��@C80=t14>PYZ/"358R=03FUO35=RDL@CE51�3F8/{@[BN."bP/980/267@[:<3F>P8"@[67/�Y^3FbP6<@M:</aJ_67>CYs>P80/�3514EV@C8R=|:7>I@[80>C:<.R/262�#�Õ8R/{@C64EFGwEF3580/2@C6`17y�/2/9=0D0y~�@C1#> c 17/964UP/9=�D0143580b�:<.03F1Q:</9BN.08035],D0/@C80=�:<.0/�64/217DREF:N@[8,:#B2>CY^y0D�:N@[:735>P8L@[ERy�>�~#/26�/280@ c E5/9=:<.R/2Ys:<>Z=03F17B2>fUC/26)@ZbP>O>O=¯14>PE5D�:<35>C8|~�3u:<.¯>P80EuGw®0g c @C14/K1�:N@[:735>P801�:7.L@[:TB2>fUP/967/9=�ªChR�ugfñ��>CJ$:<.0/�3F803F:73V@CE�B2>fUP/967/9="17DR64JÆ@CB9/C�

Page 51: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ñ;ð

353VÇ���.0/�>Py�:<35Y^@CE c @C14/�14:N@M:<35>C8wE5>OB{@[:735>P8�yR67> c EF/2Y J_>P6`YZ35B264>[zHB9/2EFE51�358|@C8|D06 c @C8|B23u:HG�/28OzUO3564>P80YZ/28;: 351�17>PEuUP/2=�D0143580b-�O35Y}D0E5@[:</9=}�8R80/{@CEF3580b358½�áñ;ª$�­���)8Z/9Y^yR35673FB{@CEFEFG�=R/9:</967YZ3580/9=YZ>�=0/9EQJ_>P6�yL@[:7.�EF>P171-358©D06 c @C8@[67/{@[1KbP3uUP/98�3F8��áñP¼W�­�$~�.R35BN.�:<@CdC/91�@[1KyL@[6<@CYZ/9:7/2671�:<.R/.0/935bP.;:<1�@ c >�UC/abP64>PD080=�>[J«:<.0/)Y^> c 35E5/T@C8R= c @C14/a14:<@[:<3F>P8�@C8;:7/2808L@[12�R~�@C1`D014/2=�:7>}B{@CEFB2D�zEV@M:</?B2>fUC/26<@[bP/C�I�&.R35E5/}:7.0/Z@CDR:7.0>P671�B9>P80B2/9=0/^:7.L@[:�:<.R/^@[1717DRY^yR:735>P8R1-Y^@C=0/�64/2b;@C64=0358RbyL@[:7.^EF>P171�@[67/�80>C:�80/9B2/9171<@[6735EuG?U[@CE53F=?358�67/2@CE53u:HGP�C:7.0/9GZ@C64/�17DB¦ZB935/28;:�:<>-=0/2YZ>P801�:<67@[:</�:<.R/@Cy0yRE535B2@ c 3FE53F:HG�>[J ��� :7>�:7.0351�y064> c EF/2Y¯�

��.0/-17/964UO35B9/�@C64/{@?351�YZ>�=R/2E5/9=|@C1T@I��@C80.L@[:4:N@C8OzHE53FdC/�bP6435=w>CJ�14:767/2/�:<1T=03FUO3F=03580b}:7.0/-@C67/2@358;:7>�17],DL@C64/?B23u:HG c E5>OBNdO1?Å�g��CY£�og��CYIÇ���*y�>f~#/26abP>P@CE�3F114/9:�17DRBN.©:7.L@[:a@[:a/2@CBN.©bP673F=y�>P358;:?3�@'B2/26�:N@C3F8qY^3F8035Y�D0YØE5/�UP/2E�>CJT6<@C=03F>v67/9B2/2y�:<35>C8?< ¯� 3F1}bPDL@C67@C8;:</9/2=W����.0/wB2>P1�:J_D080B�:<3F>P8|351`:<.R/28¯=0/9XL8R/2='@[1�J_>CE5E5>f~�19Þ

·½3 9�oN�Ø«Å�< ¯� �?< � Ç ` Å­ñR�ug{®,Ç

~�.0/967/�P�351�:7.0/�17/�:�>CJ�@CE5EObP673F=�zHy�>P3F8,:71�~�.0/967/�:<.R/�@CB9:7DL@CE064/2B2/93FUC/2=Zy�>f~#/26¿< � 3F1QE5/9171Q:<.0@C8:<.R/-YZ358R35Y}D0Y 64/2],D03564/2YZ/28;:S<J¯� ���@CBN.�y�>P14173 c E5/}14>PE5D�:<35>C8v351�@�E5>OB{@M:<35>C8G­S�}��.0/�80/935bP. c >P67.0>O>O=v351�=0/�XL80/2= c G©@CEFE5>f~�3580b:<.R/ c @C14/�zH1�:N@[:735>P8R1:<>wY^@CdC/�6<@C80=R>PYÍYZ>fUP/91a~�.035EF/�1<@M:<351�J°GO3580bw@[8,G�B2>C8014:76<@C3F8,:71�>P8':<.R/E5>OB{@M:<35>C8Z14D0BN.I:7.L@[:�:<.0/)B2D06467/98,:#:</9Y^y�/267@[:<D064/¾U¡@[:�/{@CBN.�1�:N@CbC/)=0/�XL80/91�:<.0/TY^@CbP803u:<D0=0/>CJ-:<.0/917/©YZ>�UC/219� ��.R/�3F803F:73V@CE�:</9Y^y�/267@[:<DR67/wUs�¯3F1wBN.0>P14/28Û:7> c /�¼��CY¯��:<.0/©B9>�>PEF3580b17BN.R/2=0D0EF/K3F1`17DRBN.�:<.0@[:¾U Ë 3Q�BA¾¼WU-�L@C80=¯@[:�/2@CBN.¯:7/2YZy�/96<@[:7D067/?gZ���}Y^>fUC/21T@C67/-@CEFE5>f~#/2=W���.0/�@CEFbP>P673u:<.0Y¡351«1�:<>PyRy�/9=-~�.0/98-:7.0/�=03F��/264/280B9/ c /�:H~�/9/28�:7.0/�YI@M��3FY}D0YÛ@C80=�Y^3F8035Y�D0YB2>C14:<1�@M:�@abP3FUC/28}:7/2YZy�/96<@[:7D067/`3F1Q/2],DL@[ER:<>:7.0/�Y^@M��35Y}D0Y�BN.L@[80bP/�358}@C8�@CB2B9/2yR:7/2=ZY^>fUC/@[:a:7.0/�1<@CYZ/�:7/2YZy�/96<@[:7D067/[�?��3F80B2/}:7.0/?D0803u:<1�>CJ�B2>C14:-@C80=v:7/2YZy�/96<@[:7D067/�@C64/?=03F��/264/28;:{�

Page 52: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ñPñ

:<.R/-YZ/9:767>Py�>PEF351�B9673u:</26435>P8w3F1�Y^>O=03uXL/2=¯@C1�J_>PEFE5>f~�12Þ

<Ù�� ����73Q±�³µ´gÚÛ�g�H</���yxÜÝ� Å ®�¾Þ� � À ��®�¾�� À®�¾�� À ÇÅ KKMß Ç ` àábâã Å­ñR�ug�¬PÇ

��.03F1I�O� :7/2BN.0803F],D0/¯~�@C1�:</914:</9=x>P8�:H~#>oy064> c E5/9Y^1�zK>P8R/¯3F8;UP>PEuU�3F80bv:<.0/¯E5>OB{@M:<35>C8>CJ@v173F80bPE5/Z:<67@C8017YZ3F:4:</96}358�@v®"��®vbP6435=W���H8�:<.03F1}173FY^y0EF/Iy064> c EF/2Y¦3F8014:<@C80B9/�:<.0/w>Py�:<3uzY}D0Y�EF>�B2@[:<3F>P8�B9>PD0EF= c /K=0/9:7/264Y^3F80/2= c G"@C8'/��R.0@CD014:73FUC/�@C8L@CEuG�14351T>CJ�@CEFE$y�>P14173 c E5/-bP673F=E5>OB{@M:<35>C8012�w�H8q@[E5E 67DR801|Å_~�3u:<.�=03F��/264/28;:}3F803F:73V@CEQ1�:N@C6�:<3F80b�y�>P143F:<3F>P801<Ça:7.0/I>CyR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8@C64673FUC/2=�@[:T@?XL8L@CEWy�>P143F:<3F>P8�~�3F:7.0358¯@}J_/9~¨Y^/�:</2641�>CJ�:7.0/�>PyR:735Y}D0YãE5>OB{@[:735>P8����8R>C:<.0/96y064> c E5/9Y ~�3F:<.I@C8w¼-�I¼�bC6735=^@C80= c @C17/14:N@M:<35>C801#~�@C1�y�/26�J_>P67YZ/2=�@C80=w@�XLbPD064/a17.0>f~�3F80b:<.R/`17>PEFDR:<3F>P8?@C8R=?67/214D0EF:<@C8;: B2>fUC/26<@[bP/�351�y067/917/28;:7/2=Z358}:<.R/`yL@Cy�/269����.0/�@CD�:<.0>P641Q> c 14/26�UP/:<.0@[:�=R3F��/267/98;:}67DR801�GO35/9E5=�=03F��/264/28;: c @[17/�z�14:<@[:<3F>P8oEF>�B2@[:<3F>P801�~�3F:7.�:<.R/�@Cy0yR67>{��35Y^@[:</9EFG:<.R/-17@CYZ/�>�UC/267@CE5E«B9>P14:71)3F80=035B2@[:<3F80b�:7.L@[:�80/2@C6�z�>PyR:<3FY}D0Yã17>PEFDR:<3F>P801�@C64/�80>C:�D0803F],D0/C�

¡½j� ä ru�}~ZxZ~��Õ� ä v�twvJ¼um[{ mpt��

�1ZYZ/28;:<3F>P80/2= c /9J_>P64/C�#>P80/¯>CJ:7.0/|bP>;@CEF1?>CJ���%���3F1?:<>©/28014D067/¯:<.L@M:^DR17/2641I@[67/�@ c E5/:<>^B2>PYZY}D08R35B{@M:</�~�3F:7.'/{@CBN.">C:<.0/96)~�.0/967/�UP/26):<.0/�G"Y^@{G c /[�(T17/264114.0>PD0EF= c /K@ c EF/-:7>67>P@CYs@[:�~�3FE5E­��B967>P1417358Rb^B9/2E5E c >PDR80=L@C6435/21�1�GO14:</9Y�zÂ~�35=0/�~�.03FE5/a:7.0/9G|@[67/�YZ> c 35EF/)~�3u:<.0>PD�:E5>C17358Rb�@C8'>C80bP>P3F80bIB2@CE5E$>P6 c /23F80bIyR67/9UC/28;:</9=�J_64>PY�35803u:<35@[:<3F80b�>P664/2B2/93FUO358Rb�B{@CEFE519���.03F180/9B2/214173u:N@[:7/21}YZ> c 3FE53F:HG�Y^@C8L@CbP/9Y^/98;:{�$17358RB2/^:7.0/Z14GO14:7/2Y 80/2/9=01�:<>¯:<67@CBNdv:<.0/ZE5>OB{@[:735>P8>CJ�:<.0/ZD014/26-358©>P67=R/26�:<>|y064>�UO3F=0/�17/26�UO35B2/[�� L>P6�YZ> c 3FE53F:HG¯Y^@C8L@CbC/2YZ/28;:�y0D064y�>P14/219��:<.R/14GO1�:</2Y 3F1Q=03uU�3F=0/2=�3F8,:7>�67/9bP351�:<6<@M:<35>C8?@C67/2@C1)Å­\���Ç�B9>P80143514:73580b�>CJ�14/9UP/96<@CEAB9/2E5EF12�;@[1 17/2/98I3F8 �3FbPD067/-ñR�¾ñR����.0/KD017/962½Ä1EF>�B2@[:<3F>P8|351TYI@C3F8;:N@C3F80/2=|358�@^EF>�B2@[:<3F>P8|=L@[:<@ c @C14/C��17D0BN.v@[1):<.R/àa3F173u:<>P6 �«>OB{@[:735>P8�\�/2bC3514:7/26 3F8I�-�0�£Y^/98;:<35>C80/2= c /9J_>P64/C�O@C80=?:<.R351 =L@[:<@ c @C14/�351 D0y�=L@[:7/2=/{@[BN.:<35YZ/ZD017/9671?/28;:7/26}>P6KE5/2@fUC/I:<.R/w\T�K����.R351�DRy�=L@M:</�3F1�67/�J_/26467/2=:7>v@C1�@"E5>OB{@[:735>P8

Page 53: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ñC®

�3FbPD064/�ñR�¿ñ�Þ�\T/9bP351�:<6<@M:<35>C8��64/{@C1T358|@^%�/2EFE5D0E5@C6��OGO1�:</2Y

D0y�=L@[:7/)>P6��S(K�;�&.0/98�@�Y^> c 35EF/�14:N@M:<35>C8Z3F1�B{@CEFE5/2=��O3u:<1�B2DR6767/98;:`\��Û3F1�=0/9:7/267YZ358R/2=�J_67>PY17DRBN.'@?=L@[:<@ c @C14/C�A@C80=�@CEFE c @C14/-1�:N@[:735>P8R1�358w:<.0/-\�� c 67>P@C=0B{@[14:TyL@CbP3F80b?YZ/21717@CbP/91)>fUP/96@?67/917/26�UP/9=�J_>P6�~`@C64=�B9>P8;:<64>PEWBN.L@C8R80/2E#Å­ $��%�%�Ç�:<>�358�J_>P67Y :<.0/�YZ> c 3FE5/TD0803F:�>[J�:7.0351�B2@CE5E67/9],D0/21�:{�

��.0/��$(T1�64/217DREF:Q3F8K3F80B264/{@C14/2=}8R/9:H~#>P67d�:<67@W¦ZB`@C80=�@CE514>y0E5@CB2/#@)EF>;@C=->P8�:7.0/#=R3514:7673 c DR:</9=E5>OB{@M:<35>C8^=L@M:N@ c @[17/219�L67/917D0Eu:<358Rb�358IbP67/2@[:</96`B2>PYZy0EF/���3F:HGZ>CJS:<.R/a=L@[:<@ c @C14/212½R35YZy0E5/9Y^/98,:<@Mz:<3F>P8W����.0/-yL@CbP3F80b�Y^/91717@CbP/21)@CEF17>�B2>P8R17D0YZ/K67@C=03F>?67/214>PD064B2/21@C80=|:<.0/9356�:<67@W¦ZB�351�>CJ°:</98E53FY^3u:</9= c GZ:7.0/ c @C80=�~�35=R:7.I>CJ�:<.0/T $��%�%¨Å­@�B2>P8R=03F:735>P8�67/�J_/26467/2=Z:<>K@C1�yL@CbP3F80b c >PDR80=AÇ����:T351`:7.ODR1T=R/2173F6<@ c E5/a:<>Z=0/91735bC8|:7.0/�14GO14:7/2Y�358|14D0BN.'@}~�@fG¯@[1�:7>�67/2=RD0B2/ c >[:<.¯�S(²@[80=yL@CbC3580b�B9>P14:712�}��.R/267/�3F1�@I:<67@C=0/2>[� c /�:H~�/9/28�:<.0/��S(³@C8R=�y0@CbP358RbwB2>P1�:<1a~�.03FBN.©U[@C6435/91~�3F:7.�:<.0/�1435�2/�>[J$:7.0/�\���Þ0��J$:<.0/�\�� 351�EV@C64bP/C�O:<.0/967/-@C67/aJ_/�~�/96�358;:</96�z�\��¨B967>P1417358RbP1�67/�z17DREF:<3F80b-358�@-E5>f~#/26`�S(&B2>P1�:{� c DR:�:<.0/)8ODRY c /96�>CJ c @C17/)14:<@[:<3F>P801�:<.L@[:#80/9/2=�:<> c /)yL@CbP/9=358RB267/2@C17/91B9>P6764/217y�>P80=R3580bPEuGP�)��/280/�:<35B-�EFbP>P643F:<.RY^1�.L@{UC/ c /9/28vD014/2=":7>I=0/9173FbP8'>PyR:735Y^@CE\��t:<>�67/9=0D0B9/)�S(tB9>P14: ~�.03FE5/`Y^@C3F8,:<@C358R3580bTyL@CbP3F80b c >PD080=�B2>C8014:76<@C3F8,:71 358b�áñPhW�­���&3u:<.03F8/{@[BN.v\T�K�A>P80EFG|>C80/KYZ> c 3FE5/�1�:N@[:735>P8¯67/917y�>P80=01T:<>^:7.0/�Y�D0EF:735y0EF/ayL@CbP/91):76<@C8014Y^3u:7:7/2= c Gc @C14/a14:<@[:<3F>P801�358I:7.0/a\����O�$>}67/9=0D0B2/a:7.0/y0@CbP358Rb�B2>C14:{��3F:#351#y�>P14173 c E5/�:<>}14D c =03FUO35=R/):<.R/\��*358;:7>�yL@CbP3F80b��9>P80/21>P67=0/967/9= c @C17/9=v>P8©@Iy064/�zH=R/9:</967YZ3580/9=vy067> c @ c 3FE53F:HG�>CJ�E5>OB{@[:73580b:<.R/`Y^> c 35EF/#D014/26�@[:�=03F��/264/28;:�E5>OB{@M:<35>C801$~�3u:<.03F8K:7.0/�\T�K�C��.0/�>CyR:<3FYI@CE,y0E5@C80803F80b>[JA17D0BN.

Page 54: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ñ;¬

yL@CbC3580b?�9>P80/21TD0143580b^��� 351�:<64/{@[:7/2=¯358-� ®��W�­�

3°Ç���.0/-\T� y0E5@C80803F80b}3F8-�ÄñPh$�«351 c @[17/2=|>P8w:7.0/-@C1714D0Y^y�:<35>C8�:<.L@[:�:7.0/�B2/9E5EWyREV@C808R3580b?.L@[1@CEF67/{@[=RG c /9/28=0>C80/w@C80=�:<.0/I�$(ã@C80=y0@CbP358Rb�:<67@W¦ZBI.L@{UC/ c /9/28/914:<3FYI@M:</2=�J_>P6K/[email protected]/9E5E­�K��:�3F1�@C1714D0YZ/2=v:<.L@M:�:<.0/?yL@[bP3580b c >PD08R=���J_>C6a/{@CBN.�\�� 351XR��/9=W�}��.0/Z\��1�@C64/y0E5@C8080/9=�17>}:7.L@[:�:7.0/9G^/{@[BN.wB2>P8;:N@[358w@�=R351_Ü4>C358;:�14/9:�>[J«B2/9E5E519� ��.0/:<@C17dZ351�:<>}=R/2173FbP8�:<.R/\��1�:<>�YZ35803FY^3F�2/�:<.0/�J_>PEFE5>f~�3580b�B2>P1�:TJ_DR80B9:735>P8WÞ

·½3 �)^ð

k9�   ^ i¬å � E �>` k9�   ^ ±h��­�Å��BH�Å�< � �?T?Ç4Ç Å­ñR�ug��;Ç~�.0/967/�< � @C80=_i¬å � @C64/�:<.R/'yL@CbP3F80b�:76<@W¦ZBv@[80=��S(Í:<67@W¦ZB"64/217y�/2B�:<3uUP/2EuGt3F8x:<.0/d³ 8fe67/9bP351�:<67@[:<3F>P8"@[67/{@���@C8R=�N 351�:<.R/�:<>C:<@CES8,D0Y c /26>[J 67/9bP351�:<6<@M:<35>C8"@C64/{@C1)358¯:<.0/K14GO14:7/2Y¯���.0/�14/2B2>C80=?:</264YÕ3F8�� ]OD0@[:<3F>P8|Å­ñ��Fg��PÇ$351�80>P8�z��2/264>�3FJL:7.0/`yL@CbC3580b c >PD08R=03580b351�/���B2/2/9=0/2=358:7.0/�³ 8fe 64/2bP3F14:<67@[:<3F>P8q@C64/{@'=0DR/�:<>©@C8q3F80B264/{@C14/2=�8,D0Y c /26?>CJTB2/9E5EF1}3583u:w��@C80=�@C64/B2>C8014:<@C8;:<1}D014/2=o:7>�~#/23FbP.o:<.R/I67/9EV@[:73FUC/^3FY^y�>P64:<@C80B9/Z>[J`:<.0/^�S(ãB9>P14:}@C80=�:7.0/Iy0@CbP358RbB2>C14:{�

� c 3F8L@C6�G�67/9y067/917/98,:<@[:<3F>P8|BN.0>P14/28|J_>P6�:<.R/aBN.067>CY^>P14>PYZ/21�351 c @C17/9=|>P8�:<.0/�B9/2EFE c >P67=0/96719���.0/ c >C67=0/9671K@C67/�8,D0Y c /264/2=14/2],D0/28;:73V@CEFEFG©@C8R=�:7.0/^B9>P6764/214y�>P8R=03580b c 3u:K3F1�>P80/Z3FJ�:<.L@M:yL@C6�:<3FB2D0E5@C6^B9/2EFE c >P67=0/96w351Z:<> c /v@ c >C67=0/96 c /�:H~�/9/28¡:H~�>�@C=�Ü4>P35803F80b\��19�@[80=&�2/264>>C:7.0/26�~�3517/[�©��.0351?64/2y064/217/98;:N@[:735>P8JÆ@CB935EF3F:N@M:</21�:<.R/w/9U[@CE5D0@[:<3F>P8o>CJ�:7.0/wE5>OB{@M:<35>C8oD0y�=L@[:7/B2>C14:{����.0/KXL6414:T:</967Y£358�� ],DL@[:<3F>P8qÅÆñR�ug��;Ç�B{@[8 c /K64/9~�673u:7:7/28�J_>C6�:7.0351 c >P67=0/96�80>C:N@M:<35>C8@C1�J_>PEFE5>f~�12Þ

·½3 �9^ð

<9¡G  ^ Ì ¡ � ¡ E �>` k9 �   ^ ±h��­�Å��BH�Å�< � �?T?Ç4Ç Å­ñR�ug�ªPÇ~�.0/967/[´¯351�:<.0/T:<>C:<@CEA8,D0Y c /26�>[J c >P67=0/96719�Y� ¡ :<.0/TB264>P17143580b�358;:</980173u:HG^>[J�:<.R/�n 8fe c >C67=0/96@C80=¸Ì ¡ :<.0/)UC@[E5D0/T>CJ«:<.R/�n 8fe c 3F:#>CJ«:<.R/BN.064>PY^>C17>PYZ/ c /23F80b�/�UC@[E5DL@[:7/2=©Å_3Â�Ä/C� @K=0/9:7/267YZ3uz8L@[:735>P8">CJ�~�.0/9:7.0/26a:7.0/Jn 8fe c >P64=0/26a3F1�@C8v3F8,:7/26�z�\�� c >P67=0/96NÇ��-��:a351�@CEF17>�14.0>f~�8©358':<.R/

Page 55: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ñ��

yL@Cy�/26K.0>f~ @C=0=03u:<3F>P8L@CE�:7/264Y^1KYI@{G c /I358RB2>P64y�>P67@[:</9=o3F8,:7>¯:7.0/IB9>P14:KJ_D080B�:<35>C8�:<>"=0/{@CE~�3F:7.�D014/2E5/9171�EF>�B2@[:<3F>P8^DRy�=L@M:<358RbwÅ_~�.R/28|80>}B2@CE5EF1�@C64673uUP/ c /9:H~#/2/98�14D0B2B9/214173FUC/-�$(T1NÇ�@[80=y064/217/�:<1�:7.L@[:�@C6 c 3F:<67@C673FEFG-J_>P67B9/B9/264:<@C358 c >P67=0/9671#358^:7.0/TBN.067>PYZ>P14>PY^/�:<> c /S�K>C6)gP����.0/14:<@C80=L@[67=q��� >Py�/96<@[:7>P671�>CJ`Y}DR:N@M:<35>C8�@[80=oB967>P1417>fUP/96?@C67/ZD014/2=W�w��.0/^Y}DR:<@[:<3F>P8©6<@[:7/ÅÆ3F803F:73V@CEFEFGw�R�c�PðPÇ-3F1}.L@CEuUP/2=�@MJ°:</26�17/9UC/267@CE`bP/980/267@[:<3F>P801�:7>v3580B967/{@[17/�B9>P8;UP/264bP/28RB2/C�o��.0/��� 351`:</967YZ358L@M:</2=¯@[J°:7/26�g������?bP/280/96<@[:735>P8R12�

��.0/����±351^B2>PYZyL@C64/2=t~�3u:<.�.03FE5Euz�B2EF35Y c 3F80b'J_>P6ZX0UP/v1�G�1�:</9Y^1w~�3F:7.tU[@C64GO358Rb173F�2/�Å�g{h:<>�hRg¯B2/9E5E51<ÇK~�.0/264/�:7.0/|yL@CbP3F80b©B2>P1�:^J_>P6�/[email protected]/2E5E�@[80=!B967>P14173F80bo3F8,:7/280143F:HGJ_>C6Z/[email protected] >P67=0/96?~�/967/"bC/280/96<@[:7/2=�~�3F:<.!@©80>P67Y^@CE`=R3514:7673 c DR:<3F>P8W�q��.0/¯67/917D0Eu:Z>CJ�\��£y0EV@[8080358Rb>fUP/96"g����©67DR801I14.0>f~�1^:<.0@[:w����½Ä1ZB2>P8014351�:</28;:7EFG�>PDR:7y�/964J_>P64Y�.035EFEuzHB9E53FY c 358Rb�y064>fU�3F=0358Rb35YZy064>�UC/2YZ/28;:<1-6<@[80bP358Rb�J_67>PY�g���z�ñ���������.0/^@CDR:7.0>P671-B2>C80B2EFD0=0/�:<.L@[:����1-@Cy0y�/{@[6�:7>c /K@}U[@CEFDL@ c EF/�@Cy0y064>;@CBN.|:<>?:<.R/-yREV@C808R3580b?>CJ�67/9bP351�:<6<@M:<35>C8w@C67/2@C1�358¯��%��¯80/�:H~�>C67d,12�

353VÇS�t:76<@CBNd,3F80b�14:76<@[:7/2bCG�DR:<3FE535�93580b�:<.R/`Y^> c 35EF3F:HG�yL@[:4:</967801 >CJ�3F80=03FUO3F=0DL@CE,YZ> c 35EF/#1�:N@[:735>P8R1351�DR17/2=�358\� ®��W�«:<>�y0E5@C8w:<.0/�yL@[64:<3u:<3F>P8w>CJ�\T�)1T3F8;:<>�yL@CbP3F80b?�2>C80/21�:<>ZY^3F8035YZ35�9/)y0@CbP358RbB2>C14:{�© �35671�:}@�Y}D0EF:735E5@fGC/264/2=oYZ>O=0/2E�351K=0/9UC/2E5>Cy�/9= c @C17/9=�>P8YZ> c 35EF/�z�y0.0>P80/ZD017@CbP/^J_>C6=03u��/967/28;:-:<3FY^/91�>CJ�@CB�:<3uU�3u:HGv=0D0643580b�@w:HG�yR35B{@[E�~#>P64dO=0@fG©J_>P6�/[email protected]/26�zT~�>P64dA��.0>PYZ/C�17>OB235@CEÂ����@CBN.�Y^> c 35E5/^D017/962½Ä1Z@CB9:73FUO3F:HGo351}YZ>P803u:<>P64/2=J_>P6}/2@CBN.�17D0BN.�EV@{GP/96?:<>v=0/�UP/2EF>Py14:<@[:<3F14:735B{@[E�YZ> c 3FE53F:HG|y0@[:7:7/2678R1�:7.L@[:�=R/217B9673 c /}:7.0/?E53FdC/2EF35.0>O>O=�>CJ#E5>OB{@M:<358RbI/{@[BN.�DR17/26�3F8@"yL@[64:<3FB2D0E5@C6�B2/9E5E�=0D0673F80bv@"y0@C64:735B2DREV@C6�:<3FY^/Z>CJ`:7.0/�=L@{GC�'��.0/28:7.0/�B9/2E5EF1K3F8o:<.R/�\��@C64/�yL@C64:73F:735>P80/9=w358;:<>�yL@[bP3580b?�9>P80/91�J_>C6�/{@CBN.¯D017/96�d��A@[80=�E5@{GP/26�Ü`17DRBN.�:<.0@[:�/{@CBN.¯�2>C80/B2>C80173F14:<1�>CJ�B2/9E5EF1`~�3F:<.¯173FY^3FEV@C6�E53FdC/9E535.R>�>O=I>CJ�E5>OB{@M:<358Rb}:<.L@[:�DR17/269Þ

< yMX ¡ 3 ¶$< yMX ¡ X L º Å­ñR�ugf¼;Ç

��.0/917/w�2>C80/21�@C64/w@C646<@C80bC/2=3F8>P67=R/26}>CJ�=R/217B9/280=R3580bvEF35dC/9E53F.0>�>O=�>CJ�E5>OB{@[:73580b|:<.R/�D017/96

Page 56: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ñ;ª

�3FbPD067/�ñ��¾®0Þ�%�/2EFE51 c /2EF>P80bP3F80ba:<>�:<.R67/2/T��@CbP358Rb���>C80/21 ~�3F:7.0358�@-\�/2bP3F14:<67@[:<3F>P8}�)67/{@^Å­ L>P6@�()803F],D0/-()17/96NÇ

=0/980>C:</9= c G:Ð)�S�SæMÅ�<@ÐÌH�n�H¨a­Ç�z$:<.R/)y064> c @ c 35E53u:HG�>[JWE5>OB{@M:<358Rba:<.0/çÐ 8fe D014/26�358^@CB9:73FUO3F:HG}EV@{GP/96n�3F8":<.R/Êa 8fe �2>C80/C�?�T>f~Õ~�.0/98o@�B2@CE5E�351a64/2B9/23FUC/2=©J_>P6:7.0/?D017/96�358':7.0/�\T�K��:<.R/?�2>P80/91@C64/-y0@CbP/2=|3F8|:7.0351�>C67=0/96�z�~�.R35BN.¯351�YZ>P67/�/"¦^B935/98,:�:7.L@C8¯yL@CbP3F80b}:<.0/�/98,:73564/K@[67/{@�� ��.0/B2>C14:�J_DR80B9:735>P8�=0/2643FUP/9=358�:<.0/^yL@Cy�/26-J_>P6K/[email protected]@[bP3580b¯�2>C80/�@C14173FbP80YZ/28;:}3F1 c @[17/2=o>P8:<.R/-YZ> c 3FE5/)E5>OB{@[:735>P8wy064> c @ c 35E53u:HG�J_>P6�/{@CBN.��2>P8R/-3F8¯@�y0@C64:73F:<3F>P8WÞ

·b3@5oÅ�< y�X ¡ X ^�Ç E 9 L Å�g�� L �7^9�   ^ Ð)�$�[æMÅ�< yMX ¡ X � Ç7Ç�¶ 5oÅ�< y�X ¡ X L Ç�¶��r¶Uè Å­ñR�ugfh;Ç

~�.0/967/�5oÅ�< yMX ¡ X L Ç`67/9y067/917/98,:71:<.R/K8,D0Y c /26T>CJ�B2/9E5E51�3F8¯:7.0/>a 8fe �2>P80/[�b�:7.0/�:<6<@$¦^B-358|:<.R/ $��%�%�y�/26ay0@CbP/C��@C80=�è�:<.0/K:<6<@$¦^B�358":7.0/Z�'�0% y�/96ayL@CbC/C�-��3F80B2/}y0@CbP358Rb��2>P8R/21�@C64/D0803F],D0/ J_>P6«/{@CBN.KD017/962��:<.03F1S>PyR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8)Y}D01�: c /�B{@C64673F/2=�>PDR:«J_>P6«/2@CBN.�DR17/26$17/9yL@C67@[:</9EFGP�

��.0/Z/280B9>�=R3580b|BN.0>P14/28�J_>P6a:<.0/^��� DR:<3FE53F�2/21�@[8�3F8;:</2bC/26�67/9y067/917/28;:<@[:<3F>P8W����.0/ZB2/2EFE51�3F8:<.R/a\��¨@C64/8,D0Y c /264/2=w17/9],D0/28;:<35@CE5EuGZ@C80=�B9>P6764/214y�>P8R=�:<>}@KE5>OB2D01�>P8I:7.0/BN.064>PYZ>P17>PYZ/C���.0/�U[@CE5D0/�>CJ�:7.0/�BN.067>PYZ>P14>PY^/�@M:�:<.L@[:�EF>�B9D01�351a:7.0/�yL@CbP3F80b|�2>P8R/�:7>w~�.035BN.©:<.0/�B9/2E5Ec /2E5>C80bP12�I��.ODR1K:<.R/^1�:<673F80b"ÃRgPg�ðCñRg2ï3F80=03FB{@[:7/21�:<.L@M:K:7.0/ZX06714:2��14/2B2>C80=q@C80=�X0J°:<.�B2/9E5E51@C64/?358©�2>P8R/wgP�W:<.0/?:7.03564=�B9/2EFEQ358v�9>P80/^ðw@C80=v:<.0/}J_>CD064:7.�B9/2EFEQ358©�2>C80/ZñR����>P80/wg�.L@[1:<.R/I.03FbP.0/21�:}YZ> c 3FE5/�E5>OB{@[:735>P8©y064> c @ c 35E53u:HGP�|��.0/�B9/2EFE51�J_>P6�@�bP3FUC/28yL@[bP3580b¯�2>C80/�80/9/2=80>C: c /T@C=MÜ7@CB9/28;:#@C1�17/2/98I3F8I �3FbPD064/�ñR�Ä®0�Q��.0/T14:<@C80=L@C64=^bC/280/�:<35B�>Py�/267@[:<>C671 >CJ�B267>C1717>fUC/26@C80=©Y}D�:N@[:735>P8©@C64/?D017/9=W����.0/^@CE5bP>C673F:7.0Y�351:7/21�:</2=�J_>P6�=03u��/967/28;:�8,D0Y c /2641�>CJ�y0@CbP358Rb�2>C80/21ZÅ°J_67>PY�g�:7>�®,Ç)@[80=v3F:)351)> c 17/964UC/2=©:<.L@[:):<.0/�bP67/2@[:</96):<.R/}8,D0Y c /26a>CJ��9>P80/912�W:<.R/

Page 57: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ñP¼

E5>f~#/26�:7.0/�yL@[bP3580b�B2>P1�:{���QUP/98!@©ðfzH�2>C80/IyL@[64:<3u:<3F>P8o3F1�> c 14/26�UP/2=�:<>".L@{UP/|@'=0/9bP67/9/�>CJY^@CbP803u:<D0=0/E5>f~�/96�B2>P1�:T:7.L@C8|:<.0/�:76<@C=03u:<3F>P8L@CE�@C67/2@Mz�~�3F=0/�yL@CbC3580b?14BN.0/2YZ/C�

¡½j�� yzv�x�x_ä vDtwvD¼kmp{ mpt��

�8R>C:<.0/96 351417D0/�>CJ�YZ> c 3FE5/�B2>PYZY}D0803FB{@[:735>P8�14GO14:7/2Y³y0E5@C80803F80ba3F1QB{@CEFERY^@C8L@CbC/2YZ/28;:{�Q��8R/@C14y�/9B9:�351�:<.03F1Q351�:7.0/`=0/�:</967YZ358L@[:735>P8�>CJ�@aB{@CEFEuz�@[=0Y^3F171435>P8�y�>PE53FB9G�zS=0/9B235=R3580b�D08R=0/26Q~�.L@M:B2>C80=03F:735>P8R1K@|80/�~ B{@CEFEQ:<>'@|YZ> c 35EF/?358�@¯y0@C64:735B2DREV@C6�B9/2E5E�14.0>PD0EF= c /I@CB9B2/9yR:</9=W�w�EFE5>[zB{@M:<358Rb¯BN.0@C8080/9E51K:7>�/�UP/964G�D017/96-~�.R/280/�UP/26K:<.0/�G�@C67/^@{UC@[35EV@ c E5/|Å°:<.0/Z@C=RY^3u:4zH3uJVzHy�>P17143 c EF/>P6#����q14:76<@[:7/2bCGRÇ#3F1#80>[:`80/9B2/2141<@C6435EuGI@[8�>PyR:735Y^@CEL14:76<@[:7/2bCG c /2B{@[D017/a:7.0351�YI@{GZ67/917D0Eu:`3F8@C8|3580@ c 35EF3F:HG�:<>Z@CB9B2/9yR:.0@C80=�z�>C�vB{@[E5E51#J_67>PY£@?80/935bP. c >P673F80b?B2/9E5E­�

3°Ça��.0/Iy067> c E5/2YØ>[J�/9UC>PEFUO358Rb'@C8o@C=0YZ35171435>P8�B{@[E5E�y�>CE535B�G'J_>P6-/{@CBN.oB2/2EFE c @C17/9=>P80EuG©>P8E5>OB{@[E�14:<@[:</�3F8RJ_>P67Y^@[:735>P8�Å_67/914:<6435B�:</2=©:<>w:7.0/�B2/2EFE @C80=�3F:71�80/23FbP. c >C671NÇ3F1�B2>P8R1735=R/267/9=o3F8� ®0g��SD0143580bI��/980/9:735B��EFbP>P643F:<.RY^19� �H8"@�Y^> c 35EF/aB2>PYZY}D08R35B{@M:<35>C8w14GO14:7/2Y�3F:�3F1TbC/280/96<@CEFEFGB2>C80173F=0/264/2= c /9:4:</96Z:7> c EF>�BNdq@©80/�~�B{@CEFE`:<.L@C8�=064>Pyt@C8!>P80bP>C3580b©>P80/[�t��.0/¯B2/9E5E5DREV@C614GO1�:</2Y y�/264J_>C67Y^@C80B2/�Å°~�.035BN.=R/2y�/280=01KD0y�>P8�:7.0/IB2@CE5E�@C=RY^3F17173F>P8©y�>CE535B�GRÇ�3F1�:<.0/ZB2>P1�:J_D080B�:<3F>P8w:<> c /�YZ35803FY^3F�2/9=WÞ

·b3@<.é E ]�<Ùe Å­ñR�¿ð��;Ç~�.0/967/�<Ùé`351�:7.0/�80/�~�B{@CEFE c E5>OBNd,3580bZy064> c @ c 3FE53u:HGw@C80=w<.eK:7.0/�.0@C80=0>C��=064>Py0y03F80bZy067> c z@ c 3FE53u:HGP�'��.0/�JÆ@[B9:<>C6J]²351}DR17/2=q:7>v3580=03FB{@[:7/^:7.0/w/��O:</98;:Z:7>'~�.035BN.q=R67>Py0y�/2=�B2@CE5EF1}@C64/B2>C80173F=0/264/2=¯E5/2141�=0/214356<@ c E5/a:7.L@C8 c E5>OBNdC/9=�B2@CE5EF12�

�H8�/{@CBN.-B2/9E5E­��:7.0/ 8,D0Y c /26S>CJO14:<@[:</91S67/9J_/9671«:<>�.0>f~�YI@[8,Ga>CJO3F:<1�=!BN.L@C8080/9E51$@C64/ >�B9B2D0y03F/2=W� L>P6^@oE53F80/{@C6ZB2/9E5EFD0EV@C6�1�G�1�:</9Y ~�3F:7.�5 B9/2EFE512�`:7.0/�:7>C:N@[E)8,D0Y c /26^>CJ�bPEF> c @CE�1�:N@[:7/21�3F1

Page 58: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ñPh

�3FbPD064/�ñR�Á¬OÞ��S3F80/{@[6�%�/2EFE5D0E5@C6��OGO14:7/2Y��43�®R�LdB3}g^ÅÂð?�T/235bC. c >P643580b^%�/2EFE51T%�>P8R1735=R/267/9=AÇ

Å�= E g�Ç ? J_>P6a/{@[BN.�=0/9B23F1735>C8W����.0/�y�>PE53FB9G¯351�B9>P801�:<67DRB9:</9=�:7>|B2>P8014351�:�>CJ#:7.067/9/ c 3580@C64G=0/9B2351435>P8R12Þ�g�Ç�@C=0YZ3F:-@¯80/9~ B2@CE5E#ðPÇ�@C=0YZ3F:-@¯.L@C80=R>C��B{@CEFE�J_64>PY±:<.R/^EF/9J°:KB2/2EFE�@C80=ñPÇ@C=0YZ3F:).L@C8R=0>C�oJ_64>PY 6735bC.,:B2/9E5EÂ��H8©@�bPE5> c @CE$@C=0YZ35171435>P8"y�>PEF35B�Gw:<.0/967/?351)>P80/}=R/2B23F173F>P8J_>P6�/{@[BN.xbPEF> c @CE#14:N@M:</oÅ_:<.,D01^ñLÅ�= E gfÇ ? =0/9B2351435>P8R1Z3F8�@CE5EVÇ��q��.0/¯14:<@[:</91^3F8!@©bPEF> c @CE@C=0YZ3514173F>P8�y�>PEF35B�G}1<@M:<351�J°G?:<.0/�"@C64dC>fUZy067>Cy�/964:HGZ173F80B2/T/{@CBN.^17D0B9B2/9/2=03F80b}14:<@[:</T=0/9y�/980=01>P80EuGqD0y�>P8�:<.0/|y064/9UO35>PDR1^1�:N@[:7/¯>[J:<.R/¯8R/9:H~#>P67dA�&�"@[67dC>fU�=0/9B23F1735>C8!y064>�B9/2141'Å­�"����Çc @C14/2=v:</9BN.0803F]ODR/21�17DRBN.�@[1��GO8L@CYZ35B}� 64>PbP6<@[Y^YZ3580bd�Ĭ�g���YI@{G c /�D017/9=©:7>�17>CEFUP/�17D0BN.@�y067> c E5/2Y c DR:�:<.0/-14:<@[:</-17yL@[B2/ c /2B9>PYZ/21�:<>O>ZE5@C67bC/�J_>C6TYZ>O=0/267@[:</�173F�2/9="80/�:H~�>P64d,12����J@�EF>�B2@CELy�>CE535B�G�351�B2>P8R1735=R/267/9=W�L@C8R=�>P80EuG�14:N@M:</3F8RJ_>P64YI@[:735>P8?J_64>PY ðZÐ^80/2@C67/914:�8R/235bC. c >P641@C64/-DR17/2=��A:7.0/�14:<@[:</-17yL@[B2/-351�ñLÅ�= E g�Ç ` y � ^ ���H8|:<.03F1TB2@C17/[�A.0>f~�/�UP/269��:7.0/�14:<@[:</91@C64/�80>E5>C80bP/26��"@C64dC>fU1�:N@[:7/21?@[80=��"���¨:</9BN.0803F]ODR/21Z@C67/^80>'EF>P80bP/96�@CyRy0E53FB{@ c EF/C�|��.0/w1�:N@[:7/17y0@CB2/�3F1�14:735EFE,UC/26�G?EV@C64bP/CÞ«J_>P6�@C8}/��0@[Y^y0EF/�~�3F:7.?hBN.L@[8080/2EF12�,@ay�>PE53FB9G�~�3u:<.7Ðk3Õg�Å_D0173F80b358�J_>P67Y^@[:<3F>P8�J_64>PYÍ:7.0/?B2DR6767/98;:KB9/2EFE @C80= c >C:<.©35YZYZ/2=035@[:</-80/23FbP. c >C671�358©@vg9zH� E5358R/{@C6B2/9E5EFD0EV@C6#14GO14:7/2YIÇ�64/2],D03F67/21Tñ������ c 3F:71-Å¡ga�©g��Ph��Pñ?y�>P14173 c 35EF3F:<3F/21<Ç��

��14:<@C80=L@C64=v����351�D014/2="3F8� ®0g��­�0~�.0/967/-/{@CBN.�BN.067>PYZ>P14>PY^/�64/2y064/217/98;:<1�@?E5>OB{@[EWy�>CE535B�GP�~�3F:7.w@C=0YZ3F:#>P6#67/�Ü4/9B9:�=R/2B23F173F>P801�J_>P6�:<.0/80/9~¡B{@[E5E�@C80=w.L@C8R=0>C��67/2],D0/914:71�J_>C6�/{@[BN.wE5>OB{@CE14:<@[:</K>CJQ:7.0/K1�GO14:</9Y��T��.0/}EF>�B2@CE«y�>PE53FB235/91�@C67/K/9U[@CEFDL@[:</9=�UO3V@^��>P8;:7/?%`@C64E5>I1435Y}DREV@[:735>P8D0143580b|:<.0/�B9>P14:�J_D080B�:<3F>P8�=R/217B9673 c /9=o358�� ],DL@[:735>P8!Å­ñ��Áð��PÇ�����.0/^@CE5bP>C673F:7.0Y�~`@C1�:</914:7/2=>P8I@�17Y^@CE5EL®MzHB2/9E5EA14GO1�:</2Y J_>P6 c >[:<.lÐu3n�K@C80=hÐk3Õg}ÅÆ17/9/28w3F8� �3FbPD067/TñR�¿¬PÇQ:<>KB2>PYZyL@C64/

Page 59: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

®��

3F:�~�3u:<.¯:<.0/�>PyR:735Y^@CEW14>PE5DR:735>P8wJ_>P6T@�bPE5> c @CEWy�>PE53FB9GI> c :N@[3580/9=¯~�3u:<."�"����@C80=|:<.0/-����14:76<@[:7/2bCGC���)1�:<.0/�JÆ@CB9:7>P6S~�3580B967/{@[17/219�Py�/264J_>C67Y^@C80B2/#351$> c 14/264UC/2=?:<> c /9B2>PYZ/#~#>P6417/`143580B9/YZ>P67/-bPE5> c @CES358RJ_>C67Y^@[:<3F>P8|351T80/2/9=0/2=v:<> c /�:7:</96=0/�:</967YZ3580/K.L@C80=0>[�oy�>P17143 c 3FE53u:<35/912����D�:358�@CE5EAB{@[17/21`:7.0/a14>PE5DR:735>P8R1#y064>fU�3F=0/2=�~�3u:<.|���¨bP3uUP/)Y}D0BN. c /9:7:7/26`1�GO14:</9Y�y�/26�J_>P67Y^@C80B9/:<.0@C8":<.R/�����&14:76<@[:7/2bCGC� L>P6)@IE5@C67bP/96�14GO14:7/2YÍ~�3u:<.gZ�^B2/9E5EF1@C8R=vh^BN.L@[8080/2EF1:<.R/?���Å_J_>C6IB{@[17/21wÐ 3 �R�T@C80=êÐ 3 g�ÇZ~�@C1wB9>PY^y0@C67/9=t~�3F:<.x����ã1�:<67@[:</9bCG�@C8R=t:<.0/ c /21�:173F80bPEF/�z�:7.067/917.0>CE5=¯.L@C80=0>[�o64/217/964U[@[:735>P8'y�>PEF35B9G©ÅÆ.L@{UO3580b�@^:<.064/214.0>PE5=±��17D0BN.v:7.L@[:)3FJ B9/2E5E>OB2B2DRyL@C80B�G��MÏ�����80/9~�B2@CE5EF1T~�3FE5E«80>[: c /�@CB9B2/9yR:</9=AÇ��a�)b;@C3F8¯:7.0/?���Tz c @C17/9='17>CE5DR:735>P801ÅÆ/�UP/98¯J_>P6*Ðk3n�PÇ�~�/967/-Y}D0BN. c /9:7:7/26`:7.L@C8|/23u:<.0/96�>CJS:<.0/917/C�#()y�>P8w/��0@[Y^3F8L@[:<3F>P8�>CJ$:<.R/���Tz c @C17/9=v17>PEFDR:<3F>P801�J_>P6ëÐb3 �R��:<.0/?@[DR:<.0>C671a> c 17/26�UP/9=©:7.L@[:a:7.0/9G¯:</980=0/9=©:7>�17DRbPbP/21�::H~#>[z�:7.067/917.0>PEF=�y�>PEF35B935/21�~�3F:<.}:7.067/917.0>CE5=01��e^Q@C80=H�Ó`#14D0BN.�:<.L@[:�8R/9~tB2@CE5EF1 @C64/)@[B2B2/9yR:</9=^3uJ:<.R/>OB2B2DRyL@C80B�G��3F1#EF/2141#:<.0@C8p�e^�>C6#bP64/{@[:7/26�:<.L@[8¸�Ó`{� c DR:`8R>C:�3uJW3u:#3F1 c /9:H~#/2/98�:<.0/T:H~�>R���.0/K@CDR:7.0>P671T17DRbPbP/21�:a@[8�/��RyREV@C8L@M:<35>C8|J_>C6`:<.0/-67/917D0Eu:{Þ�~�.0/28¯:<.0/-B2/9E5E«351�8R/{@C64EFGw/9Y^yR:HGÅ��Ê©��e^7Ç�80/�~ÕB2@CE5EF1)Y^@{G c /�@C=0YZ3F:7:7/2=|~�3F:7.0>PDR:)J_/{@C6T>CJ�80>C:.L@{UO3580b^67>O>PY£J_>P6).0@C80=0>C�B{@[E5E519�"�&.0/98�3u:}3F1}@'E53u:7:7E5/?J_D0E5EÅ��e^®ÍÉ��ÍÕ�Ó`�ÇK.L@C8R=0>C��1?@C67/I/���y�/9B9:7/2=!@C80=q17>v14>PYZ/BN.L@C8R80/2EF1?@C67/^67/917/26�UP/9=�J_>C6�.L@C8R=0>C���¯�&.0/98:<.0/IB2/2EFE#3F1K8R/{@C64EFG�B2>PYZy0EF/9:</9EFG©>OB2B9D0y035/9=Å���Ϫ�Ó`�Ç��A3u: c /2B9>PYZ/21EF/2141)EF35dC/9EFG�:7.L@[:T:<.0/-80/935bP. c >P673F80b^B9/2EFE51T@C67/->OB2B2DRy035/9='@C80=".0/280B9/:<.R/267/�3F1�@Z64/2=0D0B9/2=�.L@C80=0>[�vy�>C17173 c 35EF3F:HGI@C80=|80/�~ B{@CEFE51�@[67/-@CB2B9/2yR:7/2="@Cb;@C3F8W�

��.0/)���x~`@[1�:7.,D01�@ c E5/#:<>�35=R/28;:<3uJ°G}@�80>fUP/9ELy�>CE535B�G�1�:<64D0B9:7D067/[� �`@C14/2=Z>P8Z@aB2>PYZyL@C643517>C8>CJ)y�/964J_>P64YI@[80B2/912� :<.0/¯@CD�:<.0>P641?17D0bCbP/21�:Z:7.L@[:�143580B9/�:<.0/|14:<@[:</w14yL@CB9/¯3F1?B2>P8R1735=R/26<@ c EFG17Y^@CEFE5/26`J_>C6Ty�>PEF35B23F/21`~�3u:<.rЮ3 ��:7.L@C8ìÐ�3*g�ÅÆñ�� c 3F:71TUO12��ñ������ c 3F:71T:7>^64/2y064/214/28;:a:<.R/y�>PE53FB9GRÇ��C@C80=}:<.R/9G}>[��/96Q80/{@[67EFGK173FY^3FEV@C6S64/217DREF:<19�;3F:�351Q@[=RUO351<@ c E5/�:7>�17/2@C67BN.?J_>P6Q143580bCE5/�z�B2/9E5E>OB2B2DRyL@C80B�G c @C17/9=�y�>PEF35B23F/219�

Page 60: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

®0g

¡½j�+ ���G�9~Z{ v�x_ä |}x��)~�í |}qsmpo £ m4�9mp�¾�)~�r�t ~Zt y £îä ��.0/�@CyRy0E53FB{@[:735>P801S:<.,D01 JÆ@C6�y067/917/28;:7/2=^@C67/�@[E5ERbC/{@C64/2=}:<>f~�@C67=R1�.R35bP.�z�E5/�UP/2EO=0/91735bC8Z>[JAY^>[zc 3FE5/ B2>CY^Y}DR8035B2@[:<3F>P8�80/9:H~#>P67d,19���o/#80>f~qB2>C80173F=0/26S:<.0/�=03§¦^B9D0EF:$EF>�~`z�E5/�UP/2E;>CyR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8y064> c E5/9Y^1K358�Y^> c 35E5/�B9>PY^Y�D08035B2@[:<3F>P801�:<.0@[:}.L@{UC/ c /9/28:N@[BNdOEF/2=qD0143580b"bPE5> c @CE�17/{@[67BN.:</9BN.0803F]ODR/212�#�a80/)17D0BN.wy064> c EF/2Y 351�:<.0@[:�>[J«>PyR:735Y^@CELY}D0Eu:<3uz�D017/96�=0/9:7/2B9:735>P8^358�%�>�=0/�a3uzUO351435>P8^��D0Eu:<3Fy0E5/��)B2B2/9171aÅÂ%`�����aÇ�1�G�1�:</9Y^19����y067/2@C=I14y�/9B9:767D0Yã%`�����¡351�@�JÆ@C3564EFGK80/9~~�35=R/�z c @C80=w:</9BN.08035],D0/�D014/2=|:<>�17.0@C67/a:7.0/-@fU[@C3FEV@ c E5/ c @C80=R~�3F=R:<.|3F8�@�~�3F67/9E5/2141�B2>PYZY}D�z803FB{@[:735>P8�14GO1�:</2Y¯� �H8w%`���¯�Û:<.R/)YZ/2141<@CbP/T173FbP8L@CEL3F1#Y�D0EF:735y0EF35/2= c G^@�EV@C64bP/�z c @C80=�~�35=R:7.´�% Æ<»7·;º�Á'À�Â-´"Á§Â�À�·C¹�z�@-y017/9D0=0>[z�80>P3514/)14/2],D0/980B2/~�3u:<.^@-BN.R35yZ6<@[:7/)Y}DRBN.IbP64/{@[:7/26 :<.L@[8^:<.R/6<@M:</}>CJ :7.0/}YZ/2141<@CbP/[����@CBN.vD017/96�351@C171435bP80/9=©@ID0803F],D0/?���*B2>O=0/�~�>P64=v:<.L@[:351)80/{@C64EFG>P6�:<.0>PbC>P8L@CEW:7>�:7.0/->C:<.0/96)B9>�=R/9~#>P67=019�� L>P6`:<.R/K64/2B2/93FUC/26):7>^=R/9:</9B9:T:<.0/-YZ/21717@CbP/-173FbP8L@CE358;:7/280=0/9='J_>P6):7.0/}D014/269�«3F:)Y}D014:adO8R>�~�:7.0/}B2>C6767/917y�>P80=03F80bwD0803F],D0/}B2>O=0/�~�>P64=vD017/9= c G:<.R/^:<67@C8014Y^3u:7:</962�|�H8�:7.0/�143580bPEF/�z�D017/96K64/2B2/93FUC/26K:7.0/I64/2B9/23FUC/2=~�@{UP/9J_>C67Y¦3F1K3F80y0DR:-:<>"@B2>C6767/9EV@[:73580bIYI@[:7BN.0/2=vXLEu:</96�@C80=v:<.R/?1735bC8L@CE51>CJ�:<.0/?>C:7.0/26�DR17/2641-@C67/}:767/{@M:</2=�@C1�8R>P3514/Å­@[E5>P80b�~�3F:7.":<.R/�80>P3F17/K=0D0/�:7>^:<.R/}BN.L@C808R/2E°Ç��a��D�: c /2B{@[D017/�:7.0/�>[:<.0/96aB2>O=0/9~#>P64=01�@C64/14:735EFE�14>PYZ/9~�.L@[:`B2>P6467/2E5@[:</9=I~�3F:7.�:<.L@M:`>CJ«:7.0/a67/9B2/93FUO3580b�D017/962½Ä1�B2>O=0/9~#>P67=��0:<.03F1�67/9B2/93FUP/96351#80>C:#>PyR:735Y^@CEA358IYZ358R35YZ35�23F80ba/96767>C671`3F8I=0/�:</2B�:<3F>P8W� ��:`.0@C1 c /2/98w17.0>f~�8�:<.0@[:�:7.0/>Py�:<3uzY^@CEW67/9B2/93FUP/96T~#>PD0EF= c /�>P80/�:<.0@[:T=0/9:7/2B9:71):7.0/�Y^/9171<@[bP/21�J_>P6�@CEFEWD017/9671T173FY}D0EF:<@C80/9>PD017EuGP�3Â�Ä/C��>P80/�:<.L@[:Ty�/26�J_>P67YZ1�1735Y�D0EF:<@C80/2>CD01�Y}D0EF:735D014/26�=0/�:</2B�:<3F>P8� ®,ð$�­�� L>P64YI@CEFEFGC�RB2>C80173F=0/26�z358Rb|@|1�GO80BN.067>C80>PD01}%`����� BN.L@C808R/2E ~�3F:7.�@[=0=03F:73FUC/}~�.03F:7/Z�-@CDR171735@C8©80>P3F17/¯ÅÆ�S�t�-�ÇBN.L@C67@CB9:7/2643514:735B912��bC3FUP/98�:7.L@[:?:7.0/wÐ 8fe D014/26"ÅÆ>CJT:<.R/d; D017/9671Z17.L@[67358Rb©:7.0/|BN.L@C808R/2E°Ç}3F1@C141735bC80/2=�@?B2>O=0/9~#>P67=��R:<.R/-1435bP80@CE5�RÅ��4Ç�@[:�:<.R/-64/2B9/23FUC/26�3519Þ

�RÅ��4Ç_3 ]9y   ^ æ y � y Å��4Ç E ¹ ´ Å��4Ç[H��°¹ � �BHåUf� Å­ñR�¿ð�g�Ç

Page 61: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

®,ð

~�.0/967/I8«Å_:�Ça3F1K@|D0803u:-17y�/2B9:76<@CE�=0/980173u:HG©~�.03F:7/I��@CD0141735@C8�yR67>OB2/2141}@C8R=o67/9y067/917/98,:71�:<.R/:<67@C8014Y^3u:7:</9= c 3u:<1Q3F8}:<.0/`YZ/2141<@CbC/`J_>P6�:7.0/�d;:<.�D017/962�Q��.R/�>PDR:<yRDR:�>CJ�@ c @C8Rd�>CJ�Y^@[:<BN.0/9=XLEu:</2641�:<.L@[:�B9>P6764/2E5@[:</a:7.0351�1435bP8L@[E�~�3F:7.|:7.0/�B2>O=0/9~#>P64=01TJ_>C6�/{@CBN.�D017/96T3F1�bP3FUC/28 c G�Þv y 3 Kï ð �RÅ��4Ç�¶[� y Å��4Ç�¢� Å­ñR�¿ðPðPÇ

��:�.L@C1 c /2/98©17.0>f~�8©:<.L@[:�:7.0/?>PDR:7y0DR:�UC/2B9:7>P6 �ñ vz3��½v�^OH¨vW`þAZAZAÆv ] ��:<.,D01�> c :<@C3580/9=vYI@{Gc /�D014/2=t:7>o=0/�:</264Y^3F80/w:<.0/¯:<67@C8017YZ3F:4:</9=!YZ/2141<@CbP/¯UP/9B9:<>C6 �ñ æ23 �òæZ^"H¨æO`>AZAZAÆæ ] �)358!@C8>PyR:735Y^@CE�YI@C8R80/26:� ®0g��­� ��J�ó�3F1�:<.R/�80>P8080/9b;@[:73FUP/�Y^@[:7673u�I>CJ$B264>P171�B9>P6764/2EV@M:<35>C8 c /�:H~�/9/28:<.R/K@[17173FbP80/9=¯~�@{UP/9J_>C67YZ12Þ ó �ôX ¡ 3 Kï ð � � Å&�4ÇÆ� ¡ Å��4Ç�¢� Å­ñR�¿ðCñ;Ç:<.R/28 �ñ v 3�ó �ñ æ E �ñ ´ Å­ñR�¿ð[®,ÇÅÂðC¬PÇ�~�.0/264/ �ñ ´ã3F1@^��@CD017143V@C8�ez�UC/2B9:7>P6)~�3u:<.¯B2>fU[@C6735@C80B9/KY^@[:<643u��/2],DL@CES:<> ¹ ` óo����.0/>PyR:735Y^@CE�Y�D0EF:735D014/26?=0/�:</2B�:<3F>P8xy064>�B9/2=0DR67/¯=0/9:7/267YZ358R3580b':7.0/�YZ/2141<@CbC/|:7.L@[:�~�@C1IYZ>P14:E53FdC/9EFG^17/28;:T351`:7>?=0/9:7/264Y^3F80/a:<.0/aUC/2B�:<>P6 �ñ æ&:<.L@[:�Y^@M��35YZ35�9/21�:<.0/aJ_>PEFE5>f~�358Rb}/���y064/2171435>P8�Þ

·d3Ûð �ñ v K �ñ ´õ� �ñ æ K ó �ñ æ Å­ñR�¿ðP¬PÇ

��.03F1B2>CY c 3580@[:<>P643V@CE«>CyR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8wy064> c EF/2Y�351Td,80>f~�8©:7> c /}�)�Qz�.L@C64=W�W@C1T:<.0/�17/{@[67BN.17y0@CB2/�>CJ«:7.0/�y�>P17143 c EF/Y}D0Eu:<3 zHD014/26�Y^/9171<@[bP/a358RB267/2@C17/91�/���y�>P80/28;:73V@CEFEFG�~�3F:7.I:<.0/�8,D0Y c /96>CJ�D017/96719�

3°Çk� ®;ñW��=0/917B9673 c /21-:<.0/I@Cy0y0EF35B2@[:<3F>P8v>CJT��� :<>">CyR:<3FYI@CE�Y}D0EF:735D014/26�=0/�:</9B9:<3F>P8W�w��:K351-@C1�z17DRY^/9=":<.L@M:):7.0/ c 3u:<1)@C67/ c /2358RbI=0/9B2>O=0/2='14/2],D0/98,:73V@CEFEFGoÅÆ>C80/ c 3F:TJ_>P6)/2@CBN.'D014/26@[:a@[8,G:<3FY^/{Ç�D0173F80bK:7.0/�àa3F:7/26 c 3A@CE5bC>P673u:<.0Y¯�S��>K17y�/2/2=ID0y^:7.0/)14/{@C64BN.|@C80=Z67/9=0D0B2/T:<.0/)B2>PYZy0D�z:N@M:<35>C8L@CE«B2>CY^y0EF/���3F:HG|:7.0/}@CD�:<.0>P64114D0bPbP/914:�64/2=0D0B93580b^:<.0/K8ODRY c /96>CJ c 3F:<1 c G"D�:<35EF35�93580b

Page 62: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

®;ñ

:<.R/¯3F8RJ_>P64YI@[:735>P8obP3FUC/28 c Gq:7.0/|>PDR:<yRDR:Z>CJ:7.0/|YI@[:7BN.0/2=�XLEF:7/26 c @[80dA�x��B2>P8�XL=0/28RB2/YZ/{@C14D067/ c @[17/2=¯>P8w:<.R/-yR67> c @ c 35EF3F:HGZ>CJ�@ c 3F:�/96764>P6�358w143580bPEF/�z�D017/96`=0/9:7/2B�:<35>C8�3F1`D017/9=¯:7>=0/�:</264Y^3F80/3uJ«17>CY^/a>[J«:<.0/ c 3F:<1#YI@{G c /aB2>P8R1735=R/267/9=|@C1`=0/�:</9B9:</9=W����.0/ c 3u:<1�æ y @C67/:7.,D01=03uU�3F=0/2=�358;:7>|:H~#>"bC67>PD0yR1�zT:7.0/^bC67>PD0y�>CJ#=0/9:7/2B�:</2= c 3F:71K@[80=�:7.0/ZbP67>PDRy�>CJ#D080d,80>f~�8c 3u:<12�-��.0/�17/2@C67BN.©14yL@CB2/�3F1:<.0/98©67/21�:<6435B9:7/2=v:<>wXL8R=03580b�U[@CEFD0/21>P80EFG¯J_>P6:7.0/?D080d,80>f~�8c 3u:<12�?�H8v:7.0/^��/980/9:735B?�EFbP>P643F:<.RYÍ/2@CBN.�BN.R67>PYZ>P17>CY^/?B9>P80173F14:71->[J#:7.0/�8ODRY c /96�>CJ c 3F:71:<.0@[:T@C67/�1�:<35EFE�D08RdO8R>�~�8�����.0/-14:<@C80=L@C64=�Y�DR:N@[:735>P8w>Cy�/96<@[:735>P8W��D0803uJ_>P67YãB267>C1717>fUC/26a@[80=@C8©/2EF3F:73514:17/9E5/2B�:<3F>P8©17BN.0/9Y^/�~�/967/�D014/2=W���³:<>[:N@CEQ>[J�ð���BN.R67>PYZ>P17>CY^/91K@[67/?y064/217/98;:�3F8/{@[BN.IbP/980/267@[:<3F>P8I@[80=ZJ_>C6�/[email protected]�:</9yI>CJ�:<.0/T=0/9:7/2B�:<35>C8^y064>�B9/2141�>P80EuGk��bP/280/96<@[:735>P8R1�~#/264/y�/264J_>C67YZ/2=qÅ_>P80EuG©g�ð���/9U[@CE5D0@[:<3F>P801T@C67/-y�/264J_>C67YZ/2="3F8�:7.0/K>CyR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8�:7>I=0/�:</2B�:a:<.R/D080d,80>f~�8 c 3F:71NÇ��

�$>a/��R@CYZ3580/�:<.0/�y067>Py�>P14/2=?=0/�:</2B�:<>P69�O��>P8;:</�%`@C67EF>a173FY}D0EV@M:<35>C801«~�/967/�B{@[67673F/2=}>CDR:QB9>PY�zyL@C643580b):<.0/����Tz c @C14/2=}=0/�:</9B9:<>C6Q~�3F:<.K:<.0/`EF3580/2@C6$=0/2B9>P6764/2EV@M:<358Rb=0/�:</2B�:<>P6�@[80=}:<.0/�E5358R/{@C6�'�'���&=R/9:</9B9:7>P6TJ_>C6*Ю3 ð���D017/96719�`��.0/K@CDR:<.R>P671T17.0>f~¨:7.L@[:�:<.R/Ky�/26�J_>P67Y^@C80B9/->[J�:<.R/���Tz c @C17/9='=0/9:7/2B�:<35>C8'351TUP/26�G"B9E5>P14/�:<>Z:<.L@M:a>CJ :7.0/?�'�"�R�¡=R/9:</9B9:7>P6�@C80= c /�:7:</96:<.0@C8:<.R/`=0/2B9>P6764/2E5@[:<3F80b=0/�:</9B9:<>C62�,@C80=}J_DR64:<.R/26�:7.L@[:Q:7.0/`y064>Py�>P17/9=?=0/9:7/2B9:7>P6Q3F1Q@CB�:<DL@CEFEFG�B9>PY�zy0DR:<@[:<3F>P8L@CEFEFG�JÆ@C1�:</26�:7.L@C8w:<.0/917/�:H~�>^E53F80/{@C6�=0/9:7/2B9:7>P6719�

353VÇ�� UP/964G c 6735/�J�yL@Cy�/26½� ®P®$��@CEF17>"=R/217B9673 c /91}:<.0/w@[y0y0E53FB{@[:735>P8�>CJ)��/280/�:<3FBI�EFbP>P643F:<.RY^1:<>¯:<.03F1�y067> c E5/2Y¯����.0/I@CDR:7.0>P671-67/9y�>C64:</9=D0143580b"��>P8;:</�%`@C67EF>�1435Y}DREV@[:735>P801a:7>"1�:<D0=RG:<.R/)y�/26�J_>P67Y^@C80B9/T>[J�:<.R/TbC/280/�:<35BT=0/�:</2B�:<>P6�>P8^@-yR67> c EF/2Y*~�3u:<.Ið���D017/9671`@[80=^14y067/2@C=03F80b17/9],D0/280B9/21�>CJ�E5/980bC:<.}ñRgP����.R/�@CE5bP>C673F:7.0YZ1S~#/264/�B2>PYZyL@C64/2=}J_>P6�=03F��/264/28;:Q:HGOy�/91 >CJ�35803u:<35@CEbPD0/91714/21KÅÆ67@C80=0>PYã@C80=�:7.0>P14/�bP/280/96<@[:7/2= c G�14D c z�>PyR:<3FYI@[E�=0/�:</9B9:<>C671NÇ�����.0/9GIB2>P80B9E5D0=R/2=:<.0@[:Q:<.R/�@CE5bP>C673F:7.0Y¨~�@C1�80>C: 64> c D01�: ~�.0/28�6<@[80=0>PYÕ35803u:<3V@[E;bPD0/21417/91�~#/264/�D017/9=W� c DR: ~�@C1

Page 63: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

®P®

@ c EF/T:7>�3FY^y064>fUP/�:<.0/)=0/9:7/2B�:<35>C8�y�/964J_>P64YI@[80B2/�~�.0/98wB2>PY c 3580/9=^~�3F:7.I14D0BN.�17D c zH>Py�:<35Y^@CE=0/�:</2B�:<>P6412�

¡½j�ö �z£îä 2bo)v�{ m l v+�s�smpo_t £6m[q9~�¼ut��/91735=R/21�%`�����K��@[80>C:<.R/26�Y�D0EF:735y0EF/^@[B2B2/9171}14BN.0/2YZ/IUC/264GoB2>PYZYZ>P80EFG'D017/9=q358oYZ> c 3FE5/B2>CY^Y}DR8035B2@[:<3F>P8q14GO14:7/2YZ1^3F1���35YZ/��a3uUO35173F>P8���D0Eu:<3Fy0E5/��)B2B9/2171'ÅÆ�������aÇ����H8x�����¯�:<.R/}358RJ_>C67Y^@[:<3F>P8�J_>P6=R3F��/267/98;:aD014/2671�3F1)B2@C676435/9='358�17/2y0@C6<@[:7/�:<3FY^/-17EF>C:<1)358�/{@CBN.'J_67@CY^/>CJT=L@[:<@R���a80/w>CJ�:<.0/wbC>;@CE51K>CJ)��%��q3F1�:<> c /|@ c EF/I:<>vB2@C676�GY}DREF:<3FY^/9=03V@|Y}D0Eu:<3 zH6<@M:</358�J_>P67Y^@[:<3F>P8o>C8�:7.0/|80/9:H~#>P64d�����.03F1?351?/2@C173FEFG�=0>P80/|358q�����¯� c /2B2@CD014/¯DR17/2641^.0@fUC/:<.R/�Ý0/���3 c 3FE53u:HG^>[J�=0/�:</967YZ35803F80b?=03F��/264/28;:�6<@M:</21T@C8R=�/96767>C6�zHB9>P8;:<64>PEWB2>O=03F80b}J_>P6`:<67@W¦ZB�>CJ=03u��/967/28;:Td,3580=R1T>[J�3F8RJ_>P67Y^@[:735>P8�z�17DRBN.'@C1�14GO1�:</2YZ1�:<.L@[:�B2@C676�G c >C:<.wUP>C35B2/-@C8R=�=L@M:N@R�

�a80/a~�@fGI>CJ$358;:</9bP6<@M:<358RbKUP>C35B2/�@[80=w=L@[:<@}358�������� 3F1�:<>?=R3FUO35=0/T:<.0/aJ_67@CYZ/358;:7>}XR��/2=17D c z�J_67@CY^/91-J_>C6K/[email protected]����DR:�:7.0351�8OÆ4·C¶I»ë%R·$#�#H»"ÆOÀ!.0@C1K:7.0/^1435bP8R3FXLB2@C8;:�=03F1<@C=�UC@[8,:<@CbP/Z>CJ80>C: c /23F80bZ@ c E5/�:7>^@[=L@CyR:�:<>�:<67@W¦ZB�BN.L@C80bP/912�#�²=�G�80@CY^3FB�17BN.0/9Y^/�:<.L@M:@[E5E5>f~�1�@?=L@[:<@D014/26�:<> c >P6467>f~�UC>P35B9/K14E5>C:71`~�.0/28"80/2/9=0/2=�35YZy067>fUP/91)D�:<35EF35�2@[:<3F>P8W���H8�17BN.0/9Y^/91)~�.0/967/K@B2>C8,:7/28;:<3F>P8�z c @C17/9=�:<67@C8014Y^3F17173F>P8�:</2BN.R8035],D0/`3F1�DR17/2=}J_>C6�=L@M:N@R�M:<.0/�y�>C173F:735>P8R1�>CJ0@{UC@[35EV@ c E5/=L@[:<@?17E5>[:<1`~�3F:7.0358¯@}J_6<@[Y^/�@[��/2B�:�:<.0/�y�/264J_>C67Y^@C80B2/�>[J�:7.0/�14GO14:7/2Y¯�

3°Ç��H8 �á®,¬��a:<.R/'y067> c E5/9Y >CJ�=0/9173FbP80358RbJ_6<@CYZ/"yL@M:7:</967801�:7>qYI@��R3FY^3F�2/|:<.064>PD0bP.Ry0DR:w3F1B2>C80173F=0/264/2=|@C80=I17>PEuUP/2=wDR17358Rb?@?��3FY}D0EV@M:</2=^�808R/{@CEF3580b�@CE5bP>C673F:7.0Y¯�$��:�351�@C1714D0Y^/9=�:<.L@M:/{@[BN.!J_6<@[Y^/|B2>C80173F14:<1Z>CJ[5 3F80=0/2y�/28R=0/28;:�14E5>C:712��5+8a>[J~�.03FBN.t@C64/"@C14173FbP80/2=�J_>P6�=L@[:<@17/964UO35B9/©ÅÆ3F80B2EFD0=03F80b�8R>PY^3F8L@CE�=L@[:<@"17EF>C:<1K@C80=qDR8L@C171435bP8R/2=oUC>P35B9/�17EF>C:<1<Ç�~�.03FE5/�:<.0/^67/21�:@C64/�@C171435bP80/9=wJ_>P6`UP>P3FB2/a:76<@W¦ZBC����.0/�J_67@CY^/yL@[:7:7/2648�>CJS:7.0/�358;:</9bP6<@[:7/2=w��������1�G�1�:</9Y

Page 64: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

®,¬

351�=R/9XL80/9='@C1 �ñ ­ 3 � ­Õ^"Hì­�`�H�A A§A ­ ?)÷ � Å­ñR�¿ð��;Ç~�.0/967/G­ � È g'64/2y064/214/28;:w:<.0/"8ODRY c /96�>CJ�14E5>C:71 c /9:H~#/2/98Û14D0B2B9/217143FUC/�=0@[:N@o14E5>C:712�Û��:351a@C1714D0Y^/9=v:<.L@[::<.0/?14E5>C:4:</2=v��$���T�³6<@[80=0>PY×@CB2B9/2171�y064>C:<>OB2>CE¾�Ī$�Q3F1aD017/9=�J_>C6=L@[:<@:<67@C8014Y^3F17173F>P8W�M:<.L@[:�:<.0/�]ODR/2D03F80b c /2.L@{UO35>P6�>CJA=L@[:<@)J_>P6�@bP3FUC/28?yL@M:7:</9678}3F1Q@ c E5/#:7>a67/[email protected]:7/{@C=�Gv14:<@[:</Z@C80=v:7.L@[:�=L@[:<@I:<67@W¦ZB?351�@|��>P3F1714>P8©y067>OB2/9171�~�3F:7.�YZ/{@[8©@C67643FU[@CE�67@[:</ÊøyL@CBNd[/9:71NÀ[14E5>C:2� L>P6 @bP3uUP/98�J_67@CYZ/�yL@[:4:</9678W�C:7.0/�YZ/{@C8}=0@[:N@:7.067>PDRbP.0y0DR:Q351�:7.0/�J_D080B�:<3F>P8:<> c /ZY^@M��35YZ35�2/9=W�I�$>"y�/26�J_>P67YØYZ358R35YZ35�{@M:<35>C8W��:7.0/IB9>P14:-J_D080B�:<3F>P8oY^@{G c /�:N@Cd[/28q@[1:<.R/-8R/2b;@[:73FUC/->[J�:7.0351`:7.067>PDRbP.0y0DR:TYZ/{@C14D067/[�A@C80=¯351`:7.0/264/9J_>P64/-bC3FUP/98 c G�Þ� ø

5:8? ÷9 �   ^ ­ � ¶{/��Ry�Åù�çøú¶Z­ � Ç Å­ñR�¿ðPªPÇ

��.0/w8,D0Y c /26�>CJ�J_6<@CYZ/ZyL@[:7:7/264801}J_>P6}@�bP3FUC/28?5+8T@[80=?5 B{@[8 c /IUC/26�GEV@[67bP/^3580=0/9/2=W� L>P6^@�������� J_6<@CYZ/w~�3F:<. 5 3 ���R��@C8R=�5±�½3 g��R��:7.0/264/'@C64/'@C1ZY^@C8;Gx@[1�ª��¿¬©�g��RgZ�-y�>P17143 c 3FE53u:<35/912����3F80B2/)@ c 67DR:7/)J_>P64B2/�:</2BN.R8035],D0/)351�80>C:#y�>C17173 c E5/�3F8Z:7.0351�.,D0bP/)17/{@[67BN.17y0@CB2/[��bCE5> c @[E�17/2@C67BN.¯:</9BN.08035],D0/91@[67/�35=0/2@CE�J_>P6`:7.0351��)��zH.L@C64=�yR67> c EF/2Y¯�

L>P6W:<.R/��O���2:7.0/�35803u:<3V@[EM:7/2YZy�/96<@[:7D067/9Us�S351«BN.0>P14/28-:<> c /�g�� ¹Cû Å°:<.0/�14:<@C80=L@[67=-=0/9UO3V@M:<35>C8>CJ�:<.R/ZB9>P14:�>[J�/��RyRE5>P64/2=©14:<@[:</91�~�.R/28�U*3F1�358RXL8R3F:</{Ç��-��.0/�80/23FbP. c >C67.0>O>�='J_DR80B9:735>P8v3F1=0/�XL80/2= c G�@|1435YZy0E5/�Y^>fUP/"Å­@[=0=�gZ:7>¯>C80/�>CJ#:7.0/k­ � �$@C80=�17D c :<6<@[B9:K3F:aJ_64>PYØ@C80>[:<.0/966<@[80=0>PYZEFGRÇ?@C80=x@�B2>CY^y0EF/���YZ>fUP/¯~�.035BN.!351Z1735YZy0EuGq@�14D0B2B9/2141735>C8�>CJa1435YZy0E5/|YZ>�UC/219���J_D064:7.0/26@C=L@CyR:73FUC/�17BN.R/2YZ/�351TD014/2=':<>^=0/9:7/264Y^3F80/-:7.0/�14/2EF/2B9:735>P8�y067> c @ c 3FE53F:735/91�>CJQ:<.R/YZ>�UC/21 c @C14/2=->P8�=L@[:<@`B2>PEFE5/2B�:</9=-=RD0673F80b`:<.0/ /���/2B2D�:<35>C8K>CJ,:7.0/�@CE5bP>C673F:7.0Y¯�W��.0/�14:<@C80=L@C64=YZ/9:<64>Py�>PE53F1-B9673u:</26435>P8�351KD017/9=W�'��.0/I17/2EF/2B�:</2=qB9>�>CE5358Rb�14BN.0/2=0DRE5/w351-173FY^3FEV@C6a:7>":<.0@[:}3F8� ],DL@[:<3F>P8vÅÆñR�¾¼;Ç��;~�3F:7.I@[8�@C=0=R3F:<3F>P8L@CE�:</264Y /28014D0673F80b}@�YZ35803FY}D0Y*67@[:</T>CJ�B2>O>PE53F80b0�$��.0/@CEFbP>P673u:<.0YÛ351S14:7>Py0y�/2=�~�.R/28}3u:S351SJ_>PD080=-:<.L@[:�@CEFEP:<.0/#@CB9B2/21417/9=?14:N@M:</21�@C67/�>CJRB2>PYZyL@C67@ c E5/B2>C14:<1)@[:�:7.0/�bP3FUC/28w:</9Y^y�/267@[:<D064/C�

Page 65: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

®��

�35bPD064/�ñR���RÞ��ayR:<3FYI@[E��������² L6<@CYZ/���@M:7:</9678oÅ�563²®��R�75+8)3 g��PÇ

��.0/I@CE5bP>C673F:7.0YÍ~�@C1-:</21�:</9=oJ_>P6�UC@[6735>CD01�E5>;@C=R1>øsJ_>P6-@¯J_67@CYZ/Z~�3u:<.\5 3ã®���@C80=X5+8U[@CE5DR/21Q>CJ�¬O�0g���@C80=wgf¬����)1�@C8;:<3FB235y0@[:</9=W�C3u:�~�@C1 17.0>f~�8?:<.0@[:Q:<.R/267/�3F1Q@C8?>CyR:<3FYI@CE;J_67@CY^/yL@[:4:</9678vJ_>P6�@wbP3uUP/28�øã@C80=-5+8 c DR:�8R>P80/?J_>P6�@CEFE�ø�@C80=-5+8����aD0/�:<>w:7.0/?67/914:<6435B�:<35>C8>CJ 3F8;:</2bC/26T17>PEFDR:<3F>P801�J_>P6�:<.0/K>PyR:<3FYI@[E�J_6<@CYZ/-yL@[:7:7/2648W��3u:�~`@C1)J_>PD080=¯:<.L@[:T:<.R/�>PyR:735Y^@CEJ_6<@[Y^/�yL@[:7:7/2648�351I3F8017/980173u:<3uUP/":7>q17Y^@CE5E�BN.L@C8RbP/21|358¥øÎ@C8R=t:<.,D01�:<.R/267/©@[67/v@�X0803F:7/8,D0Y c /26«>CJO:<>[:N@CE[>PyR:<3FYI@[E[J_6<@[Y^/Qy0@[:7:7/2678R12����.R/ YI@M��3FY}D0Y&:<.064>PD0bP.0yRDR:S>CJB�R�¿ñ��P¼`>�B9B2D0641@[:¯ø 3n5h�Gü�523 �.AÁðP¬�~�.0/98�:7.0/-J_67@CYZ/�yL@[:7:7/2648�3F1TDR803FJ_>P64Y^EuGI=R3514:7673 c DR:</9=�z�/2@CBN."14E5>C:17/9yL@C67@[:</9=IJ_67>PYÕ:<.0/T17D0B9B2/9/2=03F80b}>P80/ c G^@C8Z358;:</96�zH=R3514:<@C80B9/)>CJ�®-~�.R/28�5:8Î3ÕgZ�IÅ_17.0>f~�8358� �3FbPD064/�ñR�c�PÇ��^%�>PYZyL@C673F80b�:<.R/^64/217DREF:<1�~�3u:<.�6<@C80=R>PY×J_6<@[Y^/?yL@M:7:</9678019�$:7.067>CD0bP.0y0D�:b;@C3F801�6<@[80bP358Rb}J_67>PYÍg���� :7>¯gfð���� ~#/264/K> c 17/964UP/9= c G�:<.R/K@[DR:<.0>C6712�

¡½j�ý £ vJ�9v þ ��|wv�xZ~��Sv+�)~�rut�a80/�Y^@�Ü4>P6�yR67> c EF/2Y�~�3F:7.?=035bP3u:N@CE,B9>PY^Y�D08035B2@[:<3F>P801$BN.L@C808R/2E51 3F1�:<.R/�=0351�:<>P6�:<35>C8}>CJA=L@[:<@=0D0/`:7>�358;:</96�zH1�GOY c >CER358;:7/264J_/967/980B2/KÅÆ���O��Ǿ�¾ð[®W�Â����.0/�E535YZ3F:7/2= c @C80=R~�3F=R:<.R1�@C80=?J_67/9]ODR/280B�G17/9E5/9B9:<3uUP/�JÆ@C=0358Rb?Å­@[1�> c 14/26�UP/2=?3F8�YZ> c 3FE5/�6<@C=R35>T/28;UO3567>C80Y^/98;:<1NÇS>CJ0:7.0/214/`BN.L@C808R/2E51�B{@CD014/:<67@C8014Y^3u:7:</9=^1�GOY c >CE51�:<> c /T17YZ/{@C64/2=I3F8Z:735YZ/T@C80=I3F8;:</26�J_/264/T~�3u:<.�@[=MÜ4>P358R3580b c 3u:<12����.0//9��/2B�:>[JQ�����`B2@C8 c /�67/9=0D0B2/9= c G»Æÿ2µ0·C¹õÁ��f·$#�ÁµÅ$ÀL���8"/9],DL@CE53F�23F80b}XLEF:7/26�B2>CY^y�/28017@[:</91TJ_>C6:<.R/^BN.L@[6<@CB�:</264351�:<35B91�>CJ�:7.0/�BN.L@C8080/9E�@[80=�B9>P6764/2B�:<1�:<.0/Z=0351�:<>P6�:<3F>P8W�«67/9=0D0B93580b¯/26467>P641K3F8B2>CY^Y}DR8035B2@[:<3F>P8W�

Page 66: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

®,ª

�3FbPD067/añR�ÁªOÞ��)=L@CyR:73FUC/���@[:N@�� ],DL@CE53F�{@[:735>P8

��>P1�:�/9],DL@CE53F�2/9671�DR:<3FE535�9/`XLEF:7/2641�~�.0/967/T:<.0/T>PDR:7y0DR:#351�80>P8�z�67/2B9D067143FUC/2EFG�=R/2y�/280=0/98;:�D0y�>P8y064/217/98;:|@C80=!y067/�U�3F>PD01�U[@CE5D0/91^>[J:<.R/�3F80y0DR:I@C80=!/���.03 c 3F:^@©X0803F:7/�3FY^y0DRE517/|64/217y�>P8014/Å­ ���\Ç���\�/2B9D067143FUP/I358RXL8R3F:</^35YZy0D0EF17/�67/917y�>P8017/�Å_�7��\)Ç�XLEu:</9671K~�3u:<.oJ_/9/2= c @CBNdo.L@{UC/w>PDR:4zy0DR:71�:<.L@[:a=0/2y�/280=�80>C:�>C80EFG">P8©y067/�U�3F>PD01aU[@CEFD0/21�>CJ�:7.0/�3580y0D�: c DR:-@CEF17>�:7.0>P17/�>CJ�:<.R/>PDR:7y0DR:2�!��.0>CD0bP.�17D014B2/2y�:<3 c E5/|:<>�35801�:N@ c 3FE53u:HGP� �7��\ XLEF:7/2671�B2@C8xy�/26�J_>P67Y c /�:7:</96Z~�.R/28:<.R/¯���O�K/���:7/280=R1I>fUP/96^@vEF>P80bv=0D067@[:<3F>P8�@C80=�:HGOy035B2@CE5EuGo64/2],D03F67/�J_/9~#/26?~#/23FbP.;:<1"Å_XLEu:</26B2>O/�¦ZB935/28;:71NÇ`:<> c /-@C=�Ü4D014:7/2=|:<>�y�/964J_>P64Y£@C1�~#/2E5E­�

3°Ça �35bPD064/�ñR�¿ª|14.0>f~�1-:7.0/ c E5>OBNd"=035@CbP6<@[Y×>CJ`@C8o@[=L@CyR:73FUP/�/9]OD0@CE53F�{@[:735>P8v14BN.0/2YZ/C�^��.0/y064> c E5/9Ys>CJ�=0/9:7/267YZ358R3580b}:7.0/-X0EF:</96�B2>O/�¦ZB23F/28;:<1T>CJQ@C8"@[=L@CyR:73FUP/��4��\¨=L@[:N@�/2],DL@[E535�9/26�3F1@�=03§¦^B9D0EF:>P80/[�-� ���Tz c @C14/2=©@CEFbP>P673u:<.0YsJ_>C617DRBN.�/9]OD0@CE53F�{@[:735>P8�351ay064/214/28;:</9=�3F8?�á®��W�Â���.0/�BN.064>PY^>C17>PYZ/21�3F8©:7.0/^��� 64/2y064/214/28;:K:7.0/?XLEF:7/26aB9>�/"¦ZB235/98;:<1IÅ c >C:<.vJ_/2/9= c @CBNd©@[80=J_/2/9=�z�J_>C64~�@C67=AÇ��Q��.0/a���&D014/2=�3F1#@-173FY^y0EF/ c 3580@C64G?/980B2>O=0/9=�>P80/[�Q��.0/B9>P14:�J_D080B�:<3F>P8Z:7>c /TYZ358R35YZ35�2/9=�3F1�:7.0/�Y^/2@C8�17],DL@C64/)/96764>P6TÅÂ�'���#Ç c /9:H~#/2/28Z:<.0/�>PD�:<y0DR:�>CJ�:<.R/T/9],DL@CE53F�2/96@C80=�:<.0/^3580yRDR:K:7>�:7.0/IBN.L@[8080/2E­��~�.03FBN.351-d,80>f~�8173F80B2/I@¯:76<@C3F803580b|=L@M:N@�14/2],D0/980B2/w3F1D014/2=w:<>}64D08�:<.R/�@C=L@CyR:73FUC/a@CEFbP>P673u:<.0Y¯�$��.0/�@CDR:7.0>P671�D017/�@��M:<.w>P64=0/26�XLEF:7/26�@C8R=�:</21�:�3F:>P8�:7.067/9/`=03u��/967/28;:�BN.L@C8080/9ER3F8014:<@C80B2/91�~�3F:7.�U[@C64GO3F80bBN.L@[6<@CB�:</264351�:<35B912���H8}:<.0/917/`BN.L@[8080/2EF1:<.R/ c 3F:4z�/26467>P6`67@[:</�=0DR/�:7>�������3F8|:7.0/�=L@[:<@?:76<@C8R17YZ3F:7:7/2=w~�3F:7.0>PDR:�/9],DL@CE53F�{@[:735>P8w67@C80bP/9=

Page 67: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

®;¼

J_67>CY ð���� :<>�ñ;ð���� �)J°:7/26w:<.0/�@C=0@CyR:<3uUP/v/9]OD0@CE53F�{@[:735>P8t~�@C1¯y�/964J_>P64Y^/9=W�):7.0351w/96767>C6=064>Py0y�/2=^:7>D���Õ358�:<.0/�XL6414:�:H~�>KB{@C14/219�0@C80=Iñ��Õ3F8Z:7.0/�:<.03F67=ZB{@C14/}Å°~�.035BN.^.L@C=IBN.0@C8080/9E80>P3F17/�@C=0=0/9='358 c /91735=R/21):7.0/����O�T=R3514:7>P64:735>P8LÇ��L=0/9Y^>P8R14:<67@[:<3F80b^:7.0/�/���/9B9:73FUP/980/2141�>CJ :<.R/bP/980/9:735B-@C=L@Cy�:<3FUC/�@CE5bC>P673u:<.0Y¯�

¡½j�� Ñ x�~Zt}¥ y �wv�t}twmpx§þ qa�)~Z{ v+�)~�rut�=0@CyR:<3uUP/�BN.L@C8R80/2E /9]OD0@CE53F�2/2641�DR:<3FE535�9/}@�:<67@C358R3580b�14/2],D0/980B2/I@[:�:<.0/�1�:N@C6�:�>CJ#:76<@C8R17YZ351�z173F>P8W���DR:a:7.0/264/?@C67/KB{@C14/21a~�.0/98v:<.0/K/2],DL@CEF35�2/9671aY^@{G¯.L@{UP/}:<>I14:N@[64:a>C667/914:<@C64:a~�3u:<.�z>PDR:I@�:76<@C3F80358Rbv17/2],D0/980B2/"zK:<.R351�351Z67/�J_/26764/2=x:7>o@[1 c EF3580=�/2],DL@[E535�2@[:<3F>P8W�!�H8!:<.R/�JÆ@C=�z358Rb,À[Y}D0Eu:<3FyL@[:<.�BN.L@C8R80/2EF1?BN.L@C6<@[B9:</9673F14:<3FB�>CJTYZ> c 35EF/^B9>PYZY}D0803FB{@[:735>P8019��14D0BN.x@'64/21�:N@C6�:Y^@fG c /?67/2],D03F67/9=�~�.0/98v:<.0/967/�351:7/2YZy�>C6<@C6�G"yL@M:<.©E5>P141a=0D0/?:7>|@|14/9UC/267/?JÆ@C=R3580b0�K()8Oz=0/96�14D0BN.ZB2>P80=R3F:<3F>P801 c EF3580=?BN.0@C8080/9EL35=0/98,:73FXLB2@[:<3F>P8?17BN.R/2YZ/21#@[:7:7/2YZyR: :<>�=0/�:</264Y^3F80/`:<.R/B2>O/�¦ZB935/28;:71K>CJ�:<.R/ZBN.0@C8080/9E�J_64>PY×:7.0/�14:N@M:<351�:<3FB{@CEQyR67>Py�/26�:<35/91�>CJ�:7.0/�67/9B2/23uUP/9=o173FbP8L@CEF12�17y�/2B93FXLB2@CE5EuG©.035bC.0/26K>P67=0/96�B9D0Y}D0E5@C8;:<1wÅÆ�a��%�Ç��$��.03F1}d,80>f~�E5/2=RbP/�>CJ`:7.0/�BN.L@[8080/2E#YI@{G:<.R/28 c /D017/9=|:7>?=0/21435bP8�:7.0/a/9]OD0@CE53F�2/269� ��.0/�@CyRy0E53FB{@[:735>P8^>CJ����¨@C80=¯����:7>}:<.0/y067> c zE5/9Y¦>CJ c E53F80=qBN.L@C8R80/2E�35=R/28;:<3uXLB{@[:735>P8qDR17358Rb����% X0:4:<358Rb�3F1?y067/917/98,:7/2=t3F8@�á®,ª �Â�4�á®P¼W�Â�� ®;hW�­�

��J«:<.R/YZ/21717@CbP/T:<6<@[8017YZ3F:4:</2=^351¬�,Å�Ð0Ç���:<.R/67/9B2/93FUP/9=w173FbP8L@CEC�RÅ�Ð0Ç�B{@C8 c /YZ>O=0/2EF/2=�@[1#:<.R/67/917D0Eu:T>CJ����O�`@C80=|80>C3517/-@C1�J_>PEFE5>f~�1:� ®,ª$�­�þ� ®;¼W� Þ�RÅ�Ð0Ç)3 <

�9�   ð � � �,Å�Ðt�³�Ç E �,Å�ÐRÇ Å­ñR�¿ðC¼;Ç

��.0/-bP>;@CE�351`:<.R/28|:<>Z=0/9:7/267YZ358R/a:<.0/-BN.L@C808R/2ESB2>O/�¦ZB23F/28;:<1¯� � Å_:<.R/-BN.0@C8080/9E$3F1�@C1714D0YZ/2=:<> c /)>CJS>P67=R/26�´s�)DR17358Rb}>P80EuGÊ�0Å�Ð0Ç#@C8R=�17>PYZ/d,80>f~�EF/2=0bP/>CJ«:<.0/)14:<@[:<3F14:<3FB{@CEAy064>Py�/264:735/91>CJ@�,Å�ÐRÇ�����:�.L@[1 c /9/28�17.R>�~�8¡358 �á®;h �:7.L@[:�:7.0/'y064> c E5/9Y B2@C8 c /'/���y064/21714/2=Û@C1�:<.R/

Page 68: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

®;h

YZ35803FY^3F�{@[:735>P8Z>CJ$:<.0/�J_>PEFE5>f~�3580bKJ_D080B9:735>P8�Þ

·b3����[Å��OÇ)3 <�9   � < � ÚÛ =� X ­{Å�� H H Ç������ X � = �Þ< ¾ < � X < � � À9�   =.�ù��¾ ð X � À � � � Á� � âã

`Å­ñR�¿ðCh;Ç

~�.0/967/h=� X ­�Å�� H H Ç-351K:7.0/I:735YZ/^/914:<3FYI@M:</I>[J�:<.0/w=035@CbP>P80@CE�17E53FB2/^>CJ�:<.0/^J_>PD064:7.�zH>C67=0/96B2DRY}D0EV@[8,:�J_>C6��0Å�Ð0Ç`@C80=���� X � 3ê=� X � Å ^"H `ZH Á Ç ¸ Å   ��   ��   ð 351`:<.R/��Mµ�Æ�#ÓÅf´"Á5´->[Jd�,Å�Ð0Ç��3°Ç��H8�� ®,ª �­��:<.R/�YZ35803FY^3F�{@[:735>P8w3F1@CyRy067>;@[BN.0/2=©D0143580bw@ZUP/264173F>P8'>CJ#��/280/�:<3FB��EFbP>P643F:<.RY^1B{@[E5E5/9=��S���¨z�~�.0/967/K:7.0/-y�>PyRD0EV@[:735>P8|1435�2/-351�Y}DRBN."17Y^@CEFE5/26`:7.L@C8¯D017D0@CE�@[80=�:7.0/Ky�>Py�zD0E5@[:<3F>P8'351�64/23F803F:73V@CEF35�2/9="67@C80=0>PYZEFG¯~�.03FE5/}64/9:N@[35803F80bI:<.R/ c /21�:-3580=03uUO35=0DL@[E$J_>PDR80=�DRy©:7>:<.0@[:Iy�>P3F8,:^@[J°:7/26Z/{@CBN.x67D08!B2>P8;UP/967bP/912�¡��.0/"1�:N@C8R=L@C67=xB267>C1717>fUC/26�>Py�/267@[:<>C6Z3F1^DR17/2=��c DR:�80>'Y}D�:N@[:735>P8�>Py�/96<@[:735>P8�351-y�/964J_>P64Y^/9=173F80B2/Z:<.0/I67/�z�35803u:<35@CE53F�{@[:735>P8�y067>OB2/9=0D067/I3F:4z17/9EFJ 3F8;:<67>O=0D0B9/21a=R3FUP/967143F:HG¯358¯:<.0/Ky067>OB2/91712���.0351)y067>OB2/9171a3F1)64/2y�/{@[:7/2='D08;:735E$80>IJ_D06�:<.0/9635YZy064>�UC/2YZ/28;:T351�17/9/28W���ãg���z c 3u:�8ODRY c /96 c /�:H~�/9/28"zNgK@C80=�g-67/2yR67/214/28;:<1/{@CBN.'BN.0@C8080/9EB2>O/�¦ZB935/28;:2�S@C80=':<.R/?/280B9>�=03F80bw35117D0BN.v:<.0@[:�:<.0/917/?B9>�/"¦^B935/98,:71-@C67/?@[676<@[80bP/2=vEF3580/2@C67EuG358w:7.0/�BN.067>PYZ>P14>PY^/[�

��.0/?@[E5bP>P643F:7.0Y�~�@C1):7/214:7/2=©>P8¯:H~�>wBN.L@[8080/2EF1~�3F:7."d,80>f~�8©B2>O/�¦ZB23F/28;:<19��¬����c�����^80>P3F14G67/9B2/93FUP/9=�=L@[:<@-17@CYZy0E5/91�~#/264/)DR17/2=^:<>-B2>PYZy0DR:7/�:7.0/�:<35YZ/�/21�:<3FYI@[:7/�>CJ�:7.0/�J_>PD064:7.�zH>C67=0/96B2DRY}D0EV@[8,:2�Q��.0/aXL80@CE�64/217DREF:<1�~�/967/a:7.0/�@{UP/96<@CbP/�>[J�g�����=03u��/967/98,:�67D08R1`~�.0/264/a/{@CBN.|64D08DR:735E53F�2/9=�@}=03u��/967/28;:�14/2],D0/980B2/->CJS67/9B2/93FUP/9=�=0@[:N@�17@CYZy0E5/91�@C80=w=03u��/967/98,:`35803u:<3V@[E�y�>Py0DREV@Mz:<3F>P8019����:�~`@[1�> c 17/964UP/9=I:<.0@[: :<.0/�14>PE5DR:735>P8R1 @CEF~�@{GO1�B9>P8;UP/967bP/9=�],D035BNd,EFG�:<>-@aUC@[E5D0/�B9E5>P14/:<>©:<.R/"bPEF> c @CE`>CyR:<3FYI@CE�BN.L@C8080/9E)/914:735Y^@[:</[�t��.0/�@CDR:<.R>P671Z67/9YI@C64d:<.L@M:Z:7.0/"YZ/9:7.0>O=351�@[B2B2DR6<@[:7/^@[80=�64> c D01�:K@C1�=0/2YZ>P801�:<67@[:</9= c Gv:<.R/Z14YI@[E5E�1�:N@C8R=L@C67=�=0/�U�35@[:<3F>P801a>[J�:<.R//21�:<3FYI@[:7/2=^BN.L@C8080/9E�B9>�/"¦^B935/98,:71�>fUP/96#:7.0/=03u��/967/98,:�67D08R12� ��.0/�GIB9>PY^y0@C67/�:<.0/917/a64/214D0EF:71~�3F:7.'67/917D0Eu:<1J_64>PY @Iy06435>P6���Tz c @C14/2=©@Cy0yR67>;@CBN.v3F8":</967YZ1>CJ :7.0/}8,D0Y c /26>CJQJ_D080B�:<3F>P8/9U[@CEFDL@[:735>P801?64/2],D03F67/2=�J_>P6�>PyR:735YZ35�{@M:<35>C8W�q��:I3F1�80>C:</9=!:7.L@[:�:<.0/"����z c @C14/2=�@[y0y067>P@CBN.

Page 69: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¬��

~#>PD0E5=¯.L@{UP/-:N@Cd[/28'8R/{@C64EFGw143u�w:735YZ/21T@C1TE5>P80b?J_>P6�:7.0/214/Ky064> c EF/2YZ12���H8"@Z64/2E5@[:</9=�yL@[y�/96Åì� ®;hW�VÇT>C8©����z c @[17/2= c E5358R="BN.L@C8R80/2EQ/914:735Y^@[:<3F>P8W�L:<.03F67=�z�>P67=R/26B9D0Y}D0E5@C8;:a1�:N@[:73514:735B91a@C64/DR:735E53F�2/9=w35801�:</{@[=�@[80=¯:7.0/�173FY^y0EF/���/280/�:<35B��)E5bP>C673F:7.0Y 351�D014/2=W�

353VÇQ��.0/a@CyRy0E53FB{@[:735>P8�>CJ$@C8I@C=L@Cy�:<3FUC/���3FY}D0E5@[:</9=^�)8080/{@[E5358Rb�Å_�����aÇ#@CEFbP>P673u:<.0YÕ:<> c E5358R=BN.L@C8R80/2E�35=0/98,:73FXLB2@[:<3F>P8|~�3F:<."�a��%¡X0:4:<3F80bI3F1)=0/917B9673 c /2= c 673F/9Ý0G¯358X� ®;¼W�­�T��.R/KJ_D080B�:<3F>P8:<> c /^Y^3F8035YZ35�9/2=©351-:<.0/�17@CYZ/�@C1KbP3FUC/283F8q� ]OD0@[:<3F>P8&Å­ñ��ÁðChPÇ��¯��.0/����O�£@CE5bC>P673u:<.0Y¯�=0/917B2643 c /2=¯358w:<.R351�yL@Cy�/269�L351�@}:</9BN.08035],D0/�:<>�14y�/9/2="DRy¯:7.0/�B2>P8;UP/967bP/980B2/�6<@[:7/�>CJ �O35Y}D�zEV@M:</2=¯�8R80/{@CEF3580b c G|D0173F80bI/914:735Y^@[:</91T>[J�:<.R/KyL@[64:<35@CE«=0/9673FU[@[:73FUC/21T>CJ�:7.0/KB9>P14:TJ_D080B�:<3F>P8Å_:<@CdC/98"~�3F:7."64/217y�/2B�:a:<>Z:<.0/-17>CE5DR:735>P8¯B2>O/�¦ZB23F/28;:<1<Ç�:7>IYZ>�=03uJ°G�:<.R/}@C808R/{@CEF3580b�6<@M:</�/�U;z/26�G^J_/�~�YZ>fUP/912� ��.0/�@CEFbP>P643F:<.RY*~`@[1`:</21�:</9= c G�@Cy0y0EuG�3F80b�3u:�:7>?@�BN.L@C8R80/2E�~�3u:<.wd,80>f~�8B2>O/�¦ZB935/28;:712���1)/���y�/9B9:7/2=W�������²~`@C1)> c 14/264UC/2=':7>^B9>P8;UP/264bP/�:7>^:<.R/K>Py�:<35Y^@CEW14>PE5D�:<35>C8Y}D0BN.|JÆ@C1�:</26�:7.L@C8|:<.0/�14:<@C80=L@[67="�����

¡½j�i�� �½|}{ { vDo9�

��.03F1�BN.L@CyR:7/26�.L@C1�14D064UC/9GP/9=":<.R/�@Cy0y0EF35B{@M:<35>C8�>CJS:<.064/2/�bPEF> c @CE�17/2@C67BN.|:</9BN.08035],D0/91�z���/�z80/�:<35B-�EFbP>P643F:<.RY^19�A��35Y�D0EV@[:7/2=¯�808R/{@CEF3580b0�A@[80="��@ c D©�O/{@C64BN.¯�w:7>I=03§¦^B9D0EF:T>Py�:<35YZ35�2@Mz:<3F>P8�y067> c E5/9Y^1�358?:7.0/)14D c Ü4/9B9:#>CJWYZ> c 3FE5/`B9>PY^Y�D08035B2@[:<3F>P8019����.0/TyL@Cy�/2641#=R/217B9673 c /9=�@C64/@CEFE$UC/264G"67/9B2/28;:2�S@C80=':<.R/9G'B9>fUP/26�@ c 67>;@[=v17y�/2B9:767D0YÍ>CJ�y067> c E5/9Y^1)358'YZ> c 3FE5/�B2>PYZY}D�z803FB{@[:735>P8019��J_67>CYÎ80/�:H~�>C67dy0E5@C80803F80b'@[80=q=0/21435bP8q3F1714D0/21}:7>vE5>f~�/96�z�E5/9UC/2E#y067> c E5/2YZ1}EF35dC/=0/�:</2B�:<3F>P8�>[J�:76<@C8014Y^3u:7:7/2=w=L@[:<@^@[80=|/214:735Y^@[:<3F>P8w>CJ�BN.L@C808R/2ESy067>Cy�/964:<3F/219�

�H8�:<.0/�14D064UC/9GO12��17>PYZ/�=0/9:<@C35EF1 >CJA:<.0/�3FY^y0EF/2YZ/28;:N@M:<35>C801�>CJA:7.0/�UC@[6735>CD01�:</9BN.0803F]ODR/21�.0@fUC/c /2/28©y064>fU�3F=0/2="z�:<.03F1 c /2B2>CY^/91�@IdC/�Gv351417D0/K~�3F:<.':7.0/214/�@CE5bC>P673u:<.0YZ1T@C1:<.R/9Gv@[67/KUC/26�G

Page 70: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¬�g

bP/980/267@CE,358�:<.0/9356S173FY^y0EF/21�:«J_>P67Y�@C8R=-:7.0/264/`@C64/#@TEV@C64bP/ 8,D0Y c /26$>CJ0y0@C6<@CYZ/9:7/2641$:7.L@[:$YI@{Gc /�14/2EF/2B9:7/2=�:<>TB264/{@[:7/�=R3F��/267/98;:�3FY^yRE5/2YZ/28;:<@[:<3F>P8012����:�Y�D014: c / > c 17/964UC/2=W�P.R>�~#/9UC/269�C:<.L@M::<.R/217/T:</9BN.08035],D0/91�@Cy0y�/{@[6�:7> c /],D03u:</�67> c D014:`@C80=I>[��/96#bP>O>O=^64/217DREF:<1�J_>P6�@-~�3F=0/T6<@C80bC/>CJK35YZy0E5/9Y^/98;:N@[:735>P801^@C1w14/2/28¡J_>P6�/��0@[Y^y0EF/v358t:7.0/©yL@Cy�/2671|>P8&BN.L@[8080/2E�@[17173FbP80YZ/28;:{���.0/967/¯3512��YZ>P67/9>fUP/269��80>©/9Y^y03F673FB{@CE#/9UO35=0/980B2/¯>CJT:<.0/|3F80.0/264/28;:Z17D0y�/26435>P643F:HGo>CJ>C80/w>CJ:<.R/217/�:7/2BN.08R35],D0/21?>fUC/26�:7.0/�>C:7.0/2641�J_>P6}@[8,G�bP3uUP/28qbCE5> c @[E�>CyR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8©y064> c E5/9Y����H8:<.R/�J_/�~ØB{@C14/21¯~�.0/264/�:7.0/�64/214D0EF:71�>CJ�>P80/©:</9BN.08035],D0/o@C67/©B9>PY^y0@C67/9=Û~�3F:7.�@[80>C:<.R/262�:<.R/�],D0/914:<3F>P8x>[J~�.0/�:<.0/96I/{@[BN.!:</9BN.0803F]ODR/�~�@C1^3FY^yRE5/2YZ/28;:7/2=q:<>�/28014D067/¯:<.0/|JÆ@C1�:</21�:B2>C8,UC/264bP/280B9/'y�>P17143 c EF/�@[673514/21^@C80=!67/2Y^@C3F801?D08064/217>CEFUP/9= c /2B{@[D017/�>CJ:7.0/¯UC/26�Gx8L@M:<D064/>CJ�:<.R/217/©@[E5bP>P643F:7.0Y^19�¨\�/214/{@C64BN.0/2641|~#>PD0EF=�=0>~#/2E5E)80>C:�:7>35bC80>P67/�:<.0/'y�>P14173 c 35E53u:<3F/21358R.0/264/28;:�358w/2@CBN.�>[J$:7.0/214/�:</2BN.R8035],D0/91@C8R=¯Y^@Cd[/a:<.0/9356`=0/9B23F1735>C801�>P8�~�.03FBN.¯:7/2BN.0803F],D0/:<>�D014/ c @C14/2=¨>C8¨@[:¯E5/2@C14:"@�B2D06417>P6�GÛB9>PYZyL@C673F17>P8¡>CJK:<.0/9356|/�¦ZB23F/280B�G¨@[80=�/2@C17/�>CJ35YZy0EF/2YZ/28;:N@[:735>P8��

��.0/}14y�/9/2=©>CJ�B9>P8;UP/264bP/28RB2/ c /9B2>PYZ/2135YZy�>P6�:N@C8;:�~�.0/98©:7.0/214/�:</9BN.0803F]ODR/21-@C67/�@Cy0y0EF35/9=:<>':735YZ/�z�B2673u:<3FB{@CE�y064> c E5/9Y^1K~�.0/264/|JÆ@[14:{��>P8RE5358R/I17>CE5DR:735>P801�@C67/w64/2],D03F67/2=��q��>vJÆ@C6�:7.0/9G.L@{UP/Z80>C: c /2/98o@CyRy0E53F/2=v:<>|17DRBN.oy064> c E5/9Y^1�3F8v~�3567/9E5/9171�:</9E5/2B9>PYZY}D0803FB{@[:735>P801 c /9B{@CD014/>CJ�:<.0/�E5@C67bP/�8,D0Y c /96�>[J�J_D08RB9:<3F>P8�/9U[@CEFDL@[:<3F>P801�:7.L@[:�@C64/�>CJ°:</98Z64/2],D03F67/2=Z:<>�XL80=Z>PyR:735Y^@CE>P6�8R/{@C6�zH>PyR:735Y^@CE�17>PEFDR:<3F>P801^D0173F80b:<.0/917/':7/2BN.0803F],D0/219� �a80/v>CJ�:7.0/':<64/280=01w>[J-J_D�:<D064/67/917/2@C67BN.�3F8Z:7.0351#@C64/{@�~�>PDRE5= c /�:<.0/T/��O:</980173F>P8�>CJ�:<.0/TD014/>CJ�:<.0/917/a@[E5bP>P643F:7.0Y^1�:<>-17D0BN.>PyR:735YZ35�2@[:<3F>P8}y064> c E5/9Y^1�@[1�~#/2EFEÂ���H8Z:<3FY^/[�PY^>C67/�y067> c E5/9Y^1 3F8^YZ> c 3FE5/`B9>PY^Y�D08035B2@[:<3F>P801Y^@fG c /�35=0/98;:<3FX0/2=�~�.0/264/�17DRBN.�:</9BN.08035],D0/91�>PD�:<y�/264J_>C67Y¨/��R3F14:73580bT17BN.0/9Y^/912�Q��:$3F1�@[E567/2@C=RGB2/964:<@C358�:7.L@[:�:<.0/`/2@C67EuG-17D0B9B2/2141�>CJ0:<.R/217/�@[y0y067>[email protected]/21Q~�3FE5E,E5/2@C=K:7>:<.R/2356�358;:</9bP6<@M:<35>C8�358;:7>:<.R/-=R/2173FbP8¯y067>OB2/9171�J_>P6`J_DR:7D067/-��%��¯80/�:H~�>C67d,12�

Page 71: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

å   p�� m�§²n �

j Ò p£¢ � l � l � ä ¤Î§²p�n�r!  â §Õr!  Ò �9©�1 §*l

�$>?@C8L@CEuGO�2/):7.0/y�/26�J_>P67Y^@C80B9/>CJW17/{@[67BN.¯@CE5bC>P673u:<.0YZ1 >P8�>Py�:<35YZ35�2@[:<3F>P8?y064> c E5/9Y^19�O:7.0/264/@C64/I/21417/98,:73V@CEFEFGv:7.067/9/�@Cy0yR67>;@CBN.R/21Kz)~�>C6714:�zHB2@C17/�B9>PYZy0E5/��R3u:HG©@C8L@[EFGO173F12��B9>PYZy0E5/�:</�:<.0/�z>P64/9:<3FB{@CE)@C8L@[EFGO173F12�T@C80=&@{UP/96<@CbC/�zHB2@C17/©/��Ry�/26435YZ/28;:N@[Ea@C8L@[EFGO173F12�²��>PYZ/'=0/917B96735y�:<35>C8t>CJB2>CY^y0EF/���3F:HGI@C8L@[EFGO173F1`J_>P6`17/2@C67BN.|:</9BN.0803F]ODR/21)@C67/�y064>fU�3F=0/2=|3F8X� g�ª��Â� ��>P671�:�B{@C14/-64/214D0EF:71@C64/"17>CY^/�~�.L@[:�DR801<@[:7351�JÆ@CB9:7>P64G c /2B{@[D017/"J_>C6^Y^@C8;G�67/{@[ET~#>P67EF=xy064> c EF/2YZ1^>CJa358;:</967/21�:17/2@C67BN.�@CEFbP>P643F:<.RY^1�.L@{UP/ c /9:4:</96}:<.L@C8�:<.0/wy064/2=03FB9:7/2=~#>P671�:�B{@C14/C�� L>P6}�)�Qz�B2>PYZy0EF/9:</y064> c E5/9Y^19�RJ_>P6�/��0@[Y^y0EF/C�03F8w:<.0/�~#>P671�:B2@C17/�:<.R/217/K@CEFbP>P673u:<.0YZ1#~#>PD0EF=|67D08¯358|/���y�>P80/98�z:<35@CE�:735YZ/C�0GP/�:/9Y^yR35673FB{@CE�/9UO35=0/980B2/K17.0>f~�1T:<.L@[:T3F8�y067@CB9:735B9/�:7.0/9G¯> c :N@C3F8¯8R/{@C6�zH>PyR:735Y^@CE17>CE5DR:735>P801�3F8wy�>CEFGO80>PYZ3V@CEA:<3FY^/[�

�wj�i ä v�o_ÊMr"!�í��wv�qsmp¥ � �wm4r�o)m4�9~Z��v�x§6twv�x"�bq9~Zq��:?3F1�/��O:767/2YZ/2EuGo=R3 ¦ZB2D0Eu:�:7>":<.0/9>P67/�:<3FB{@CEFEFG©y064/2=03FB9:}:7.0/�y�/264J_>C67Y^@C80B2/^>CJ�17/2@C67BN.�@CEFbP>[z673u:<.0YZ1S>P8�64/{@CE z�~#>P67EF=KyR67> c EF/2YZ1 c /9B{@CD014/�:<.R351$y�/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/�=0/2y�/280=R1Q>P8wÅ_3°Ç«@)bC/280/96<@CEFEFG

¬Pð

Page 72: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¬Cñ

D080d,80>f~�8�@C80=|/���y�>P80/98,:73V@CEFEFG^EV@C64bP/a14/{@C64BN.�14yL@CB2/�J_>P6#:<.0/�y064> c EF/2Y¯�«ÅÆ3F3°Ç :<.0/�80/935bP. c >P6�z.0>O>�=|=0/�XL803u:<35>C8wD017/9=W��@C80=oÅÆ353F3°Ç :<.0/�U[@C673F>PD01`y0@C6<@CYZ/9:7/2641T>[J�/2@CBN.'@CEFbP>P643F:<.RY��

��:}3F12�Q.R>�~#/9UC/269��y�>P14173 c E5/�:<>'y�/26�J_>P67Y�17>CY^/Z:<.0/9>P67/�:<35B2@CE#@C8L@CEuG�14351�J_>P6�1435YZy0E5/�B2@C17/91}>CJ17/2@C67BN.�y064> c EF/2YZ12�©�sy064> c @ c 3FE53F14:<3FB?J_6<@CYZ/9~#>P67d©J_>P6}14D0BN.!@"B2>PYZy0EF/9:</�@C8L@CEuG�14351KD0173F80b�"@C64dC>fU¯BN.L@C3F801)3F1)=R/217B9673 c /9=".0/967/ c 6735/�Ý0G ^ �`��.0/K17/[email protected]@[E5bP>P643F:7.0Y^1`@C67/K@CE5E«3u:</96<@[:73FUP/:</9BN.0803F]ODR/212���«/�:9­ � c /�:<.0/�y�>P3F8;:Q358K:<.0/`14/{@C64BN.�17yL@CB9/�UO35143F:</9=�@[:�:7.0/°³ 8fe 3u:</96<@[:735>P8W��~�3F:7.@�B2>P1�:�J_D080B9:735>P8}U[@CEFD0/�>CJÕ·QÅ�­ � Ç�� LD06�:<.0/96 E5/�:9­ ¯� =R/280>C:7/�:<.0/�y�>P358;:Q~�3u:<.?:<.0/�EF>�~#/21�:�B2>P1�:J_D080B�:<3F>P8�14/2/98'358¯3F:7/26<@M:<35>C801���:7>�³���gP�#��.0/�B9D0Y}D0E5@[:<3uUP/�=03F14:7673 c DR:<3F>P8wJ_D080B9:735>P8oÅÆB9=RJ<ÇJ_>P6�:<.R/ZB9>P14:-J_D080B�:<3F>P8�U[@CEFD0/?>CJ#:<.0/ZE5>f~#/214:Ky�>P358;:�17/9/28�:<>¯=L@[:</^@[:�:7.0/�´ 8fe 3F:7/267@[:<3F>P8W�·QÅ'­ ¯< Ç`351�bC3FUP/98 c G�Þ

<M¶W·QÅ�­ ¯< Ç°Í_�Lº 3Q<k¶$#7·�Å�­ � Ç°Í_�7H`̳a3n�t���´aº Å_®0�FgfÇ3�g��?<k¶W·QÅ'­ � Ç�Ϫ�7H`̳a3Q�Ê��D´>º Å_®0�ÁðCÇ3�g��?<k¶W·QÅ'­ ð Ç�Ϫ�Lº$<M¶W·QÅ�­Õ^4Ç�Ï¥�θ ·QÅ�­ ð Ǿϧ�Lº�AZA�A<M¶W·QÅ'­ < ǰϧ�θ ·QÅ�­ < �7^7Ç�Ϫ�7HZAZAZAe·QÅ�­ ð Ǿϧ�Lº Å_®0�¿ñPÇ

��/�Y^@fG�J_DR64:<.R/26�:<@CdC/#358;:<>@CB2B9>PD08;:Q:7.0/�JÆ@[B9:�:7.L@[:$:<.0/`�"@C64dC>fU�yR67>Py�/26�:HGK.R>PE5=019�C3­�¾/[��:<.R/B2DR6767/98;:�y�>P3F8,:W358�:<.0/ 14/{@C64BN.�=0/9y�/980=01S>P80EuGaD0y�>P8�:<.R/ y067/�U�3F>PD01Sy�>P358;:{�f8R>C:«:<.0/�.03F14:7>P64G)>CJ:<.R/)14/{@C64BN.W� ��.0351�351Q:767D0/�J_>P6�@CEFE0Y^/9Y^>C64G;zHEF/2171 8R/235bC. c >P64.0>�>O= c @C14/2=I14/{@C64BN.I:</9BN.0803F]ODR/21E53FdC/Z\T@C80=0>PYÍ�@CEFdA�Q��3FY}D0E5@[:</9=��)8080/2@CE53F80b¯@C80=q��/28R/9:<3FB��E5bC>P673u:<.0YZ1�ÅÆ��@ c D��/{@[67BN.B{@[8v>P80EFG c /�3F80B2>P64y�>C6<@[:7/2='3F8,:7>I:<.R351)J_67@CYZ/9~#>P67d¯3FJQ:7.0/}��@ c D©�«351�:a3F1358RB2E5DR=0/2='3F8":<.R/=0/917B26435yR:735>P8�>CJ`:7.0/w�"@[67dC>fU�14:<@[:</91NÇ�����.0/IB2=RJ�>[J`:<.0/ c /914:�B2>P1�:�J_D080B�:<3F>P8o/�UC@[E5DL@[:735>P8:<>w=0@[:</?B2@C8v:<.0/98 c /?B{@[E5B2DREV@[:7/2= c GvDR:735E53F�23F80bZ:7.0/?Y^@C67d[>�U">P80/?1�:</2y�14:<@[:</}:76<@C8R173F:735>P8y064> c @ c 3FE53u:<35/91T@[:a/[email protected]:7/2yW����.0/}B9=RJ�358'/9],DL@[:<3F>P8'®0�¾ñI64/2y064/217/98;:<1-@^J_D0EFE�y064> c @ c 35E53F14:735BÑêè�Ô ÙçÚ�üÕã"Ú7ä Ö�"Öåæ�Û�øWÖìä&%�Û"ÙcÞ�èµæ�÷�öZ÷('aÙ)'>ÙcÖþãOÞWä*ýÔ$ã�Ú�+Iã"×-,9×�ÙçÚ�Ô$Þ$ãOܾã"ÝêÔWãO×µÙZãOè/.ÌÛ"×µÞ ÖØæcæ)0>Þ Ù���ÖØ×êÚ�Ù�è�÷¿ã"Þ$ä

ÙçÚÎÚ�èµÙ�æcæ à Þ$ä ÖØ×>ä�ÖG�"Öåæ�Û�ø Ü°ÖØÞ�è

Page 73: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¬[®

=0/917B26435yR:735>P8?>[JL:<.0/�y�/26�J_>P67Y^@C80B9/�>CJ�@a17/[email protected]@CEFbP>P643F:<.RY�@C80=?B{@[8 c /`DR17/2=�:<>=0/9:7/267YZ358R/J_>P6a/��R@CY^yRE5/�:7.0/?/���y�/2B9:<@[:<3F>P8�@C80=vU[@C6735@C80B9/}>CJ�:<.0/?14>PE5D�:<35>C8"J_>PD080=�@[J°:7/26�8v1�:</2yR1�J_>C6@IbP3uUP/98©@CE5bP>C673F:7.0Y¯�)�#DR:�D0y�>P8'/��0@[Y^3F803580bZ:<.03F1/9]OD0@[:<3F>P8W��3u: c /2B9>PY^/91a@CyRyL@C67/98;:�~�.,G@?B2>PYZy0EF/9:</a:7.0/2>C67/9:735B2@CES@C8L@CEuGO17351�3F1�67/2@CE5EuGI=03§¦ZB2D0Eu:{� �$>^14>PEFUC/�J_>C6`:<.0/�B2=�J��0~�/-80/2/9=¯:7>=0/�:</264Y^3F80/^:7.0/�B9>P80=03u:<35>C8L@CE y064> c @ c 3FE53u:<35/91+<k¶W·QÅ'­ � ÇuÏÕ�Õ¸�·�Å�­ � �7^4ÇuÏ �fAZAZAe·QÅ�­ ð ÇkÏÕ�LºJ_>P6�@CEFE�y�>P17143 c EF/}B2>C14:�U[@CE5D0/91J�L��� UC/28�3FJ�~�/Z@C1417D0YZ/?:<.L@M:�:<.0/�17/2@C67BN.�B{@C8 c /?:<67/2@[:</9=@[email protected]>PYZ>PbP/980/2>PDR1IY^@C67d[>�U!BN.L@C3F8W��3Â�Ä/C�&:<.R/'14:<@[:</¯:<6<@[80173u:<35>C8xy064> c @ c 3FE53u:<35/91?=0>80>[:BN.L@C8RbP/-~�3u:<.¯:<.0/-3F:7/26<@M:<35>C8�Å­@^EF35YZ3F:73580b�@C1714D0Y^y�:<35>C8¯~�.03FBN."3F1T8R>C:):767D0/�J_>P6)��3FY}D0EV@M:</2=�8R80/{@CEF3580b�J_>P6$/��R@CYZy0E5/�~�.0/967/#:7.0/�B9>�>CE5358RbT14BN.0/2=RD0E5/`EF>f~�/9671�:7.0/�yR67> c @ c 35EF3F:<3F/21W>[JLD0y0.03FE5EYZ>�UC/21@C1):7.0/�14/{@C64BN.vy067>OB2/9/2=01<Ç���~#/}80/9/2=":7>Id,80>f~21^�A:<.R/K>P8R/�zH1�:</9yv14:N@M:</K:76<@C8R173F:735>P8y064> c @ c 3FE53u:HG�YI@[:7673 ���31Î351^>CJ-1735�9/54�64Ø~�.0/264/74�3F1^:<.R/v8ODRY c /96�>CJ-=03F14:<3F80B9:IB2>P1�:J_D080B�:<3F>P8vUC@[E5D0/91�358v:<.0/?/���y�>P8R/28;:<35@CE5EuG'EV@[67bP/}14/{@C64BN.q��y0@CB2/[���a/9:</967YZ35803F80b81s3F1�],D03F:7/.L@C64=¯J_>C6T64/{@CEW~#>P64E5=¯y067> c E5/2YZ12� c /2B2@CD014/�3F:�=R/2y�/280=01)80>C:T>P80EuGw>P8|:<.0/-y064> c E5/9Ys17y0@CB2/[�c DR:)@CEF17>�:<.0/�80/935bP. c >P67.R>�>O=|=0/9XL8R3F:<3F>P8¯@C80=¯:<.0/-@CEFbP>P673u:<.0Y c /2358Rb^@[8L@CEFGO�9/2=W�� ADR64:<.R/262�:<.R/)B9>PY^yRE5/���3u:HG}>CJ�17>PEuU�3F80b�J_>P6 :<.0/�B9=RJS@CEF17>�3580B967/2@C17/91#/��Ry�>P80/98;:<3V@[E5EFG?@C1 :<.0/T8,D0Y c /26�>CJ3F:7/267@[:<3F>P801�J_>P6�~�.035BN.�:<.0/�y�/26�J_>P67Y^@C80B9/�@C8L@CEuGO17351�351 =0/9173564/2=W����: :<D064801�>PDR: :<.0@[:�=0/2643FUO358Rb:<.R/aB2=RJ c /2B9>PYZ/21`3FY^y�>P17143 c EF/�J_>P6`@C8;G c DR:`:7.0/a1435YZy0E5/914:#B{@C14/21�358;UC>PEFUO358Rb�17/[email protected]@CB9/21~�3F:7.|80>^YZ>P64/a:<.L@C8¯@ c >PDR:�®�:<>u�?y�>P358;:<19�

��/�y064/217/98;: c 673F/9Ý0Gw:7.0/}67/917D0Eu:<1)>CJ 17DRBN.©@C8v@C8L@[EFGO173F1TJ_>P6�:<.R67/2/K3F:7/26<@M:<35>C801)>[J�\)@[80=0>PY�o@CE5d!@CE5bC>P673u:<.0YZ12�`J_>P6w/�UP/964G&y�>P17143 c EF/v�)/935bP. c >P67.0>O>O=�=0/9XL8R3F:<3F>P8t:<.0@[:|B{@C8 c /vB2>P8Oz14:767D0B�:</9=�J_>P6�@v14/{@C64BN.!14yL@CB2/¯>CJT173F�2/|®!ÅÆ14D c Ü4/2B�:�:<>�@C1714D0YZyR:<3F>P801?=0/917B2643 c /2= c /9E5>f~)Ç���QUP/98�:<.R351�173FY^yRE5/aB2@C17/->C��/2671�14>PY^/a~#>P6�:<.;~�.035EF/�35801435bP.;:<19�

��/�@C1417D0YZ/Z:7.L@[:-:<.0/^17/[email protected]@CB9/�B2>P8R17351�:<1->CJ`J_>PDR6Ky�>P358;:71+­Sg_AZAZAØ­A®�~�3u:<.o=R3F��/267/98;:B2>C14:�U[@CE5D0/912���JT~#/¯64/21�:<673FB9:�>PDR6717/9EFUC/21�:<>v:<.0/|\T@C80=R>PYÎ�o@CE5do@CE5bC>P673u:<.0YZ1-~�.R35BN.�=0>

Page 74: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¬P¬

�3FbPD067/�®0�ugPÞ`�Õ�)/935bP. c >P67.R>�>O='�a/�XL803F:735>P8wJ_>P6��/2@C67BN.©�OyL@CB2/�>CJ���3F�2/K®�@C80=¯:<.0/KB2>P6467/�z17y�>P80=R3580b^�O:<@[:</��$6<@C80143F:735>P8|� 67> c @ c 3FE53F:HG��"@[:7673 �

80>C:)=0/9y�/980='D0y�>P8�:7.0/}@ c 17>PEFDR:</�U[@CEFD0/K>[JQ:<.0/-B2>C14:<19��~#/�Y^@{G|@C1714D0YZ/K~�3F:7.0>PDR:)E5>C171�>CJbP/980/267@CE53u:HGI:<.0@[:�:<.0/9356�B9>P14:�J_D080B�:<3F>P801T@C67/�bC3FUP/98"@[1�J_>CE5E5>f~�19Þ

·QÅ�­�³�Ç_3@³ Å_®0�¾®;Ç

��.,D012��358¯:<.03F1)14/{@C64BN.'17yL@[B2/C�Õ·QÅ�­SgfÇ°3³g�351�:<.R/�bPEF> c @CE«YZ35803FY}D0Y¯�#��.R/�80/935bP. c >P67.0>O>O==0/�XL803F:735>P8-358-bP/980/267@CE�B2@C8 c /�=R/217B9673 c /9= c G�@[8}@C=MÜ7@[B2/28RB9G-YI@M:<673 � � >P6$=03564/2B9:7/2=}bC6<@Cy0.R1~�.0/967/�@C8x@[6767>f~ãJ_67>PYÎy�>P3F8;:M­�³-:7>�­/n�3580=03FB{@[:7/21?:<.0@[:M­/nQ¹Y5oÅ�­�³HÇ��x��J)~�/¯@C1417D0YZ/:<.0@[:?:<.0/w8R/235bC. c >P64.0>�>O=q=0/�XL803F:735>P8R1�@C67/w1�G�YZYZ/9:<6435B[��3­�¾/[�\­/n�¹Y5Å'­�³HÇ 9;: ­�³®¹5Å'­/nOÇ�� :<.0/98 � 351�14GOY^YZ/9:7673FB�@C80=:7.0/w80/935bP. c >P67.0>O>O==0/9X0803F:735>P8B2@C8 c /�=0/214B2643 c /2=c Gt@[8tD080=03F67/9B9:</[email protected]�Û��:�351�J_D06�:<.0/96w@C1714D0YZ/2=x:7.L@[:®­�³ ü¹ 5Å'­�³HÇI@C8R=x:<.L@M:I:<.R/80/935bP. c >P67.0>O>O=�bP67@Cy0.�351�J_D0E5EuG'B2>C8080/2B�:</9=¡ÅÆ3Â�Ä/C�w3u:-351-y�>P14173 c E5/?:<>�bP/9:-J_67>CY�@C8;G�y�>P3F8,:­�³�¹@V�:<>v@[8,G�@C8R>C:<.0/96�y�>P358;:+­/n�¹@V¨358o@�XL803u:</Z8,D0Y c /26}>CJ`14:</9y01NÇ��v()8R=0/26�:7.0/214/@C1417D0YZyR:<3F>P801�:<.0/967/"@C67/"ñP¼�y�>P17143 c EF/�8R/235bC. c >P64.0>�>O=�J_D080B9:735>P8R1ZJ_>P6�:<.R/"bP3uUP/28x17/{@[67BN.17y0@CB2/[�Õ �35bPD064/;Å_®0�FgfÇZ17.R>�~�1�:7.0/'bP67@Cy0.&@C8R=&@C=MÜ7@CB9/280B�GtY^@[:<643u� � J_>P6^>P80/'>[J-:7.0/214/80/935bP. c >P67.0>O>O=�=R/9XL803u:<3F>P8012����.0/¯=03u��/967/28;:^\T@C80=0>PYÎ�@CEFdq@CEFbP>P673u:<.0YZ1�=R3F��/26?358�:<.R/y064> c @ c 3FE53u:HGDÐ"~�3u:<.|~�.035BN."D0y0.03FE5E«YZ>�UC/21@C67/K@CB2B9/2yR:7/2=W�T L>P6T@^bC3FUP/98 � �A:7.0/->P80/�z�14:7/2y�"@C64dC>fU�14:<@[:</|:<67@C80143F:<3F>P8qy064> c @ c 3FE53u:HGoY^@[:<643u�<1±B{@C8 c /�=0/�:</967YZ3580/9=x@C1Z@'J_D080B�:<3F>P8>CJ�y�@C1�17.0>f~�8�358© �3FbPD064/;ÅÆ®R�Fg�Ç��� L>P6/{@CBN.�80/23FbP. c >C67.0>O>�=v=R/9XL803u:<3F>P8W�=1ãYI@{G":7.0/28 c /D014/2=�:7>|/9U[@CE5D0@[:</}:7.0/�B2=RJ�bP3FUC/28�358©/2],DL@[:735>P8xÅÆ®R�¿ñ;Ç��WJ_67>PYÍ~�.035BN.©:<.0/�/��Ry�/2B�:</9=oU[@CE5D0/

Page 75: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¬��

>CJ :7.0/ c /21�:�B2>P1�::7>�=L@[:7/�Y^@fG c /�B2@CE5B9D0EV@[:7/2=¯J_>P6)/[email protected]:7/267@[:<3F>P8W����.0/214/?B{@CEFB2D0E5@[:<3F>P801~#/267/Ky�/964J_>P64Y^/9=¯J_>C6@CEFEW:<.0/KñP¼�80/23FbP. c >C67.0>O>�=R1�J_>C6_Ð"6<@C8RbP3580b�J_67>CY��Z:7>�gKD080=0/96):<.R/@C1417D0YZyR:<3F>P8w:<.L@M:�:<.0/�358R3F:<35@CE�y�>P3F8;:�351�y03FBNdC/2=�6<@C8R=0>PYZEFGP�

�3FbPD067/91aÅ_®0�¿ðPÇ z�ÅÆ®0���;Ç y067/917/98,:�:7.0/64/214D0EF:712����@CBN.w17D c XLbPD064/aB2>C6767/917y�>P80=01`:7>}@�=R3F��/267/98;:80/935bP. c >P67.0>O>O=w=0/9XL8R3F:<3F>P8w~�3F:7.|:7.0/�bP3FUC/28¯@C=MÜ7@[B2/28RB9G|[email protected]����.0/a�,z�@M��/91T64/2y064/214/28;:�Ы�:<.R/?D0y0.03FE5E�yR67> c @ c 35EF3F:HG�@C80=':7.0/?G,zH@M��/21�64/2y064/217/98;:</2=�:<.0/?/��Ry�/2B�:</9=�U[@CE5DR/}>CJ�:<.0/ c /21�:B2>C14:w14/2/28�:7>=L@[:7/�J_>P6Z:<.0/"X06714:I:<.064/2/'3u:</267@[:<3F>P8019���1I/���y�/9B9:7/2=W�)/9UP/98�J_>P6�@obC3FUP/98y064> c E5/9Y 3u:IB2@C8 c /'17/9/28&:<.L@[:^:<.0/"y�/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/'>CJ�:7.0/v@CEFbP>P643F:<.RY^1Z=0/2y�/28R=01wD0y�>P8:<.R/Z=R/9XL803u:<3F>P8v>CJ�:<.0/�80/935bP. c >P67.R>�>O=W����:�3F1�80>C:-@CEu~`@{GO1�:<.0/?B2@C17/?:7.L@[:�bP64/2/2=�G©17/{@[67BN.ÅáÐ�3@�PÇ >CDR:<y�/26�J_>P67YZ1 :<.0/Ty0D064/2EFG�67@C80=0>CY³17/2@C67BN.©ÅõÐ�3�g�Ç����80>C:7.0/26�358;:7/267/914:73580b-67/917D0Eu:351^:<.L@[:wJ_>C6I:<.0/vE5@C14:�80/23FbP. c >P64.0>O>�=tB9>P801435=0/967/2=¡358tX0bPD067/�Å_®0���;ÇZ~�.0/967/©/9UC/264G&y�>P3F8,:351�@C=MÜ7@CB9/28;:}:7>v/9UP/964Go>C:<.0/96}y�>P358;:�Å�5Å'­�³HÇk3�VsH`̳HÇ���@CE5E#\)@[80=0>PYØ�o@CE5d©�EFbP>P643F:<.RY^1y�/264J_>C67Y /2],DL@CEFEFG|~�/9E5E­�a��.0351B{@C8 c /}D080=R/2671�:<>O>�=©@[1J_>PE5EF>f~�1Tz�bC3FUP/98©@I80/935bP. c >P67.0>O>O==0/�XL803F:735>P8���:<.R/�@CE5bP>C673F:7.0YZ1T=R3F��/26>C80EFG�358":7.0/?17/9E5/9B9:<3F>P8vB2643F:7/2673F>P8W��3Â�Ä/C��.0>f~²:<.0/}8R/��O:y�>P358;:�3F1:<> c /?17/9E5/2B�:</9=W���&.0/98�/�UP/26�G©y�>C358;:a3F8':<.0/�17y0@CB2/?3F1�@�80/23FbP. c >P69��:<.R/ZBN.R>P35B9/>CJ�:<.0/?B9D06764/28;:Ky�>P3F8;:�=0>O/21�80>C:�3F8RÝLD0/980B2/?:7.0/�80/��O:-y�>C358;:a:<> c /?B2>P8R1735=R/267/9=�143580B9/Z@CE5Ey�>P358;:<1�@C67/'B9>P801435=0/967/2=�~�3u:<.�/2],DL@[Eay067> c @ c 3FE53F:HGC�¨��.,D01w:<.0/ c /914:|y�>P358;:�14/2/98ÛD0yt:7>@C8;G�3F:7/26<@M:<35>C8�3F1K3F80=0/2y�/28R=0/28;:?>CJ�:<.0/�14/2EF/2B9:735>P8�B2643F:</9673F>P8W��@C80=.0/980B2/�@CE5E�@CEFbP>P673u:<.0YZ1y�/264J_>C67Y /2],DL@[E5EFG?~#/2EFEÂ�,>P6WÜ4D014:�@C1�y�>O>P64EFG�@C1�:<.R/y0D064/2EuG�6<@C80=R>PY 17/2@C67BN.�~�.0/967/@[:�/[email protected]:7/2y|~�/�:<6�G�:<>�ÃPbCD0/21417Ã�@M:�:<.0/-@C801�~�/962�

��.03F1?351?@CB�:<DL@[E5EFG�@"UC/264G c 67>;@[=q67/214D0EF:2��@C80=�@Cy0y0EF35/91K:<>©@[E5E�14/{@C64BN.�17yL@CB9/21Z@C80=�@CEFbP>[z673u:<.0YZ1~�.0/98�:7.0/�80/23FbP. c >P64.0>O>�=v=0/�XL803u:<35>C8v351�17DRBN.�:<.0@[:-@[:�/{@[BN.o14:7/2y�@wB2>PYZy0E5/�:</9EFG6<@[80=0>PY y�>C358;:�3F1�B9>P80173F=0/264/2=W� 3­�¾/[�}5Å'­�ÇM3ÈVsHù`̳ìHì­@¹ V`�"��/�.L@{UC/�:<.,D01?@C8q/��R@CY�zy0EF/a>CJ$@}80/935bP. c >P67.0>O>O=�=0/9X0803F:735>P8�DR80=0/26`~�.R35BN.¯@CE5E�@CEFbP>P673u:<.0YZ1�y�/964J_>P64Yã/9],DL@CE5EuG^~#/2EFEÂ�

Page 76: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¬Pª

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

�3FbPD067/?®R�Áð�Þ-����y�/9B9:7/2=�#/214:}%�>P1�:}@[J°:7/26:�R�ugP�¿ð��¾ñ¯��:7/26<@M:<35>C801aJ_>P6-\)@[80=0>PY �@CEFd'�EFbP>[z673u:<.0YZ1�J_>P6�=R3F��/267/98;:�T/23FbP. c >P64.0>O>�=¯�a/9X0803F:735>P801�Å�g�Ç

Page 77: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¬C¼

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

�3FbPD067/?®R�¿ñRÞ-����y�/9B9:7/2=�#/214:}%�>P1�:}@[J°:7/26:�R�ugP�¿ð��¾ñ¯��:7/26<@M:<35>C801aJ_>P6-\)@[80=0>PY �@CEFd'�EFbP>[z673u:<.0YZ1�J_>P6�=R3F��/267/98;:�T/23FbP. c >P64.0>O>�=¯�a/9X0803F:735>P801�ÅÂðPÇ

Page 78: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¬Ch

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

�3FbPD067/?®R�¾®0Þ-����y�/9B9:7/2=�#/214:}%�>P1�:}@[J°:7/26:�R�ugP�¿ð��¾ñ¯��:7/26<@M:<35>C801aJ_>P6-\)@[80=0>PY �@CEFd'�EFbP>[z673u:<.0YZ1�J_>P6�=R3F��/267/98;:�T/23FbP. c >P64.0>O>�=¯�a/9X0803F:735>P801�Å­ñ;Ç

Page 79: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

���

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

�3FbPD067/?®R�Á¬�Þ-����y�/9B9:7/2=�#/214:}%�>P1�:}@[J°:7/26:�R�ugP�¿ð��¾ñ¯��:7/26<@M:<35>C801aJ_>P6-\)@[80=0>PY �@CEFd'�EFbP>[z673u:<.0YZ1�J_>P6�=R3F��/267/98;:�T/23FbP. c >P64.0>O>�=¯�a/9X0803F:735>P801�ÅÆ®,Ç

Page 80: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

�Rg

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

0 0.5 11

2

3

4

�3FbPD067/?®R�c�RÞ-����y�/9B9:7/2=�#/214:}%�>P1�:}@[J°:7/26:�R�ugP�¿ð��¾ñ¯��:7/26<@M:<35>C801aJ_>P6-\)@[80=0>PY �@CEFd'�EFbP>[z673u:<.0YZ1�J_>P6�=R3F��/267/98;:�T/23FbP. c >P64.0>O>�=¯�a/9X0803F:735>P801�ŬPÇ

��.0/967/}3F1@C8R>C:<.0/962��Y^>P64/-:7673uU�35@CE«/��R@CYZy0EF/K>CJ�@Z80/23FbP. c >C67.0>O>�=¯~�.0/264/�:<.R351T.0>PE5=R12�T��.0/80/935bP. c >P67.0>O>O=�14.0>f~�8o3F8�B9>PE5DRY^8�gP�S67>f~ ð�>CJ#XLbPD064/�®0�Á¬w351�14D0BN.o:7.L@[:-@CEFEQy�>C358;:<1-@C64/B2>C8080/2B�:</9='>P80EuG�:<>M­SgP�L:<.R/KbPEF> c @CE�Y^3F8035Y�D0Y±Å�5Å'­�³HÇ�3@­Sg�H`̳?>3*gfÇ�����.0351�351�3F8¯14>PYZ/17/98017/[��:7.0/�ÃPy�/264J_/9B9:7Ã^80/935bP. c >P67.R>�>O=I�w>P8R/�~�.R/267/�:<.R/KbPEF> c @CE�>PyR:735Y}D0YãB{@C8 c /�J_>PDR80=358qg�3u:</267@[:<3F>P8v@[:�YZ>P1�:{�«80>|Y^@[:7:7/26~�.L@M:K14/{@C64BN.o@[E5bP>P643F:7.0Y�351 c /2358RbwD017/9=W���H8�yR6<@CB�z:<3FB2/[�L>CJ�B9>PD06417/C�L:7.0/K8R/235bC. c >P64.0>�>O=w=0/�XL803F:735>P8R1T=R>Z8R>C:TE535/a@[:T/23F:7.0/26�/���:767/9Y^/912�#()80=0/9617DRBN.�B93567B9D0YZ14:N@[80B2/912�S17>PYZ/�@CEFbP>P673u:<.0YZ1�~�35E5E�y�/964J_>P64Y c /9:4:</26a:7.L@C8©>C:7.0/2641�>P8�@|bC3FUP/9880/935bP. c >P67.0>O>O=W�

�wjO� �¢�wm »�r 2½o)m[m Ò |}t}��� �¢�wm[ruo_m[{ q ��ruo���m[v�o_�����.0/�67/9B2/98,:7EFG|y0D c E53F17.0/9=¯ÃP�)>^ A64/2/��«D080BN.Å­�) Q�$Ç���.0/2>P64/2YZ1�J_>P6T�ayR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P80Ã��¾¬[ñW�Â��Ĭ[®��#17.0>f~ãYI@[:7.0/2Y^@[:735B{@[E5EFG�:<.L@M:}J_>P6�B9>PY c 3F8L@[:7>P6735@CE >PyR:735YZ35�{@M:<35>C8�yR67> c EF/2YZ1K:7.0/w@{U;z/267@CbP/^y�/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/Z>CJT@CE5E�@[E5bP>P643F:7.0Y^1�>fUC/26?@CEFE�y�>P14173 c E5/Zy067> c E5/9Y^1-351K35=0/98,:735B2@CE)ÅÆ3F:-3F1@C1417D0YZ/2=¯358�:7.0351�@[8L@CEFGO14351�:7.L@[:�:<.R/-BN.R>P35B9/�>CJ$80/23FbP. c >P64.0>O>�=w3F1`3580B9>P67y�>P67@[:</9=w358;:<>?:<.R/=0/�XL803F:735>P8K>CJL/2@CBN.�@CE5bC>P673u:<.0YIÇ��W��.R/267/�J_>P67/[�;3FJL14>PYZ/�@CEFbP>P643F:<.RY¨�xy�/26�J_>P67YZ1 c /9:4:</96�:<.0@C8@CEFbP>P673u:<.0Y �t>C8w17>PYZ/ay064> c E5/9Y^1�Å_J_>P6�@}bP3FUC/28|173F�2/a>CJ$14/{@C64BN.�zH14yL@CB2/{Ç��0:7.0/28w:<.R/�67/9UC/26417/

Page 81: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

�;ð

Y}D01�:�.R>PE5=©J_>P6K@CE5E >C:7.0/26->PyR:735YZ35�2@[:<3F>P8'y064> c E5/9Y^1�y�>P17143 c EF/^3F8�:7.L@[:K17/[email protected]@CB9/C�|�H8@�64/2E5@[:</9=oyL@Cy�/26��¾¬C¬ �­��:<.R/�@CDR:7.0>P641�17.R>�~ :7.L@[:�358�17>PYZ/^14/28014/|@C8;G�y067> c E5/2YØ>C6KB9EV@C141>CJ�y064> c EF/2YZ1351�Ü4D014:�@[1aÃP.L@C64=0ÃI~�.0/98�@fUC/267@CbP/2=©>fUP/96�@CE5E$y�>P17143 c EF/}@CEFbP>P673u:<.0YZ12�T��.0/917/17>CY^/�~�.L@[:�B2>PDR8,:7/26�zH358;:7D03F:73FUP/�64/217DREF:�Y^/2@C801 :<.0@[:�3F:�B{@[8080>C: c /TB9EV@C3FY^/9=}:<.L@M:�@[8,G�bC3FUP/98@CEFbP>P673u:<.0Ys~�3FE5E$y�/964J_>P64Y c /9:4:</96:<.L@[8©@C8;G'>C:7.0/26a>fUC/26�@CEFE�y�>P17143 c EF/�y064> c EF/2YZ12��>C6:<.L@M:@?bP3FUC/28¯y067> c E5/9Y�351�ÃC/{@C1�G�ÃZJ_>P6�@CEFEW@CEFbP>P673u:<.0YZ12�

�H8q:<.0/�JÆ@[B2/w>CJ�:<.R351?35YZy�>P17143 c 3FE53F:HG'>CJTYI@Cd,3F80b'bP/980/267@CE`B2E5@C35YZ1�64/2b;@[67=03F80b':<.0/wy�/26�J_>P6�zY^@C80B2/I>CJ)@CE5bP>C673F:7.0YZ12��:7.0/wy�/264J_>C67Y^@C80B2/I>CJT/{@CBN.�@CEFbP>P673u:<.0YØY�D014: c /wY^/2@C17DR67/2=J_>C6@C8;G�bP3FUC/28yR67> c EF/2Y ÅÆ>C6KB9EV@C141�>CJ�y064> c EF/2YZ1NÇ��¯ L>P6-17/[email protected]@CB2/91}>CJ�80>C8�z�:7673FUO35@CE 173F�2/C�:<.R351�y�/264J_>C67Y^@C80B2/�B2@C8¯>P80EFG c /�=0/�:</967YZ3580/9=�/��Ry�/26435YZ/28;:N@[E5EFGC�

�wjI¡ þ�3d�Xm[o¿~�{ mpt��9v�x 6twv�x��bq9~�qA@ l o_~�ruo2É ruo¿Ê

�1|/��RyREV@C3F80/2=¡@ c >fUP/C�a@q:7.0/2>C67/9:735B2@CEaD080=R/2671�:N@C8R=03580b�>CJ-:<.R/�y�/26�J_>P67Y^@C80B9/v>CJK17/{@[67BN.:</9BN.0803F]ODR/21�351#/��O:<64/2YZ/2EuG^=R3 ¦ZB2D0Eu:`=0DR/:<>�:7.0/B9>PYZy0E5/��I3F8;:</267@CB9:735>P8R1 c /9:H~#/2/28w:7.0/U[@C6�z35>CD01�yL@C6<@[Y^/�:</2641�>CJ�:7.0/�@[E5bP>P643F:7.0Y^19�R:<.R/-8R/235bC. c >P64.0>�>O=¯=0/9XL8R3F:<3F>P8W�A@C8R=¯:7.0/KyR67> c EF/2Y17y0@CB2/[��()80=0/96 :<.0/917/TB23564B2D0YZ14:<@C80B9/212�O@C8Z/���y�/26435YZ/28;:N@CE0@C8L@CEuG�14351 >CJ�:<.R/Ty�/26�J_>P67Y^@C80B9/�>CJ17/2@C67BN."@CE5bC>P673u:<.0YZ1 c /2B2>CY^/91TUC/264G|3FY^y�>P6�:N@C8;:{���#/2173F=0/21@CE5EF>f~�3580b}DR1T:7>^=0/�:</967YZ3580/�:<.R/17DR3F:N@ c 35EF3F:HG->CJ�:7.0/�U[@C673F>PD01Q:</9BN.0803F]ODR/21�J_>P6�@�bC3FUP/98^yR67> c EF/2Y¯�;17D0BN.I@C8L@CEuGO17/21�y064>fU�3F=0/�358�z173FbP.;:<1Q3F8;:<>:7.0/`8L@[:7D067/�>CJL:<.0/�yR67> c EF/2Y²@C80=?Y^@{G�/�UP/98Z14D0bPbP/914:�y�>P17143 c EF/�3FY^y064>fUP/2YZ/28;:71:<>?:7.0/-@CE5bP>C673F:7.0YZ12�

��.0>PDRbP.-:7.0/�35YZy�>C64:N@[80B2/ >CJ�B2>CY^yL@[67358Rb`:<.0/�y�/264J_>C67Y^@C80B2/ >[JRU[@C673F>PD01«14/{@C64BN.}@CEFbP>P673u:<.0YZ1351�B2E5/2@C62�R17D0BN.¯B2>PYZyL@C643514>P801�@CyRy�/2@C6`6<@[67/2EuGI3F8�:<.0/�EF3F:7/26<@M:<D064/C�Q��.0/�64/{@C14>P801`J_>P6�:7.0351�E535/BN.03F/9Ý0G?3F8?:<.0/`JÆ@CB�: :<.L@M:�Y^>P1�:�67/917/{@[67BN.0/9671�:</28R=Z:7> c /`J_>OB2D014/2=Z>P8^14>PEFUO3F80ba:<.0/�yR67> c EF/2Y

Page 82: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

�Pñ

@[:�.L@[80="@[80=�Y^@{G�80>[:)d,80>f~�Y^>P64/a:<.L@[8�>P8R/->C6`:H~�>Z>CJ�17/{@[67BN.'@[E5bP>P643F:7.0Y^19�

�H8��Ĭ��W�­��:<.R/?y�/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/�>[J#��64/2/2=�G©��/2@C67BN.!Å_~�3u:<.'Y�D0EF:735y0EF/-64/21�:N@C6�:<1NÇ��«��@ c D���/{@[67BN.@C80=K��3FY}D0E5@[:</9=a�808R/{@CEF3580b`3F1«/���y�/2673FY^/98;:N@CEFEFGTB2>PYZyL@C64/2=�J_>P6«@`B9>PYZy0E5/��aY}DREF:<3 zH> c Ü4/2B9:73FUC/ÝL>f~`zH14.0>Pyvy064> c EF/2Y¯�)��.0/}@CDR:<.R>P671aB9>P80B9E5D0=0/9=":<.0@[:�@C1):<.0/K8ODRY c /96a>CJ > c Ü4/2B�:<3FUC/21ZÅÆ@C=:<.,D01|:<.R/�B9>PY^yRE5/���3u:HGt>CJK:<.0/�y067> c E5/9Y�ÇI3F80B264/{@C14/212�-�O35Y}D0E5@[:</9=&�8080/2@CE53F80b�y�/964J_>P64Y^1c /9:7:7/26�:<.L@C8w��@ c Dw��/{@C64BN.W���1#Y^/98,:735>P8R/2= c /9J_>P64/3F8�17/9B9:<3F>P8wñR�¿ð��ý�ÄñPð$��B9>PYZyL@C67/9=|��3FY�zD0E5@[:</9=��)8080/2@CE53F80bv~�3F:<.���@ c Dx��/{@[67BN.!J_>C6�:7.0/�%�.L@C808R/2E��141735bC80Y^/98;:^yR67> c EF/2Y¯��@CE514>B2>C80B2EFD0=0358Rb|:7.L@[:���� ~`@[1 c /9:4:</26�:7.L@C8��T�©J_>P6�:<.R/ZyR67> c EF/2Y Å°:<.0>CD0bP.�3F:�17/9/2YZ1KyREV@CD�z173 c E5/�:7.L@[:^@C8�3580/"¦ZB235/98;:^3FY^yRE5/2YZ/28;:<@[:<3F>P8YZ35bP.;:?.L@{UC/ c /2/98!:<.R/¯64/{@C14>P8AÇ�� �áñPñW��67@C8�T�'>P8�@�B2>PYZYZ>P8':</914:4z c /9=©>CJ�BN.L@C8080/9E�@C171435bP8RY^/98,:�yR67> c EF/2Y 35801�:N@C8RB2/219�«~�.0/264/�:7.0/9GJ_>PD08R=�:<.R/2356�UC/2671435>P8">CJQ�T��y�/26�J_>P67YZ/2= c /9:7:7/26T:<.L@C8�>P6�/2],DL@CEFEFGw~#/2EFE�@[1@CEFE«y067/�UO35>PD014EFG67/9y�>C64:</9="@[E5bP>P643F:7.0Y^19�

�H8��ĬPª$�­�L��/280/�:<3FB)�)E5bP>P643F:7.0Y^19����35Y}DREV@[:7/2=Z�8080/2@CE53F80b}@[80=���@ c D|��/2@C67BN.|@[67/B9>PYZyL@C67/9=J_>P6�@C8¯@CyRy0E53FB{@[:735>P8^358wy�>Py0D0E5@[:<3F>P8 c 3F>PE5>Pb[G�Þ�Y^3F8035YZ35�93580b�:<.R/-/96764>P6�358�:7.0/�yL@C6<@[Y^/�:</2643uz�{@M:<35>C8�>CJA@)Y^>O=0/2E,3F8�YZ/9:N@[y�>PyRD0EV@[:735>P8�=RGO8L@[Y^3FB212�Q��/9UC/267@CE�U[@C643V@C8;:<1$>CJ����!~#/264/�:</914:7/2=@CEF>P80ba~�3F:7.^�����,�T�}J_>P6 =03F��/264/28;:�yL@C67@CY^/�:</96QUC@[E5D0/912�Q��.0/T@CD�:<.0>P6�> c 17/26�UP/91#:<.0@[:�@aUP/26�z173F>P8?>CJ����tB{@CEFE5/9=}à c 64/2/2=R/26#��� Å­������Ç�Ã�y067>O=0D0B9/2=?:<.0/�YZ>P1�: B2>P8R17351�:</98,:�B9>P8;UP/967bP/980B2/~�.03FE5/����*/�UP/28;:7DL@CE5EuG"yR67>O=0D0B2/9=":<.R/}E5>f~#/214:)U[@CE5D0/->CJ :7.0/�> c Ü4/2B9:73FUC/�J_D080B�:<35>C8W�a�O35YZy0E5/��/280/�:<35B)�EFbP>P673u:<.0Y Å°~�3F:7.�173FY^y0EF/)Y�DR:N@[:735>P8I@C80=wB967>P141�zH>fUC/26NÇ`@[80=¯��35Y�D0EV@[:7/2=^�8080/2@CEuz358Rb|@C67/?B9>PY^y0@C67/9=�3F8 �¾¬C¼ �QJ_>P6a:7.0/23F6�y�/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/}3F8©:7.0/?>PyR:735Y^@CE�EF3580d¯/28R.L@C80B9/2YZ/28;:y064> c E5/9Y ~�.R/267/a:7.0/abP>P@CE�3F1�:<>�/���yL@C80=¯@}80/�:H~�>C67d c G�@C=0=03F80b}80/�~�80>O=0/91�@C80=wE53F80d,1�3F8@C8�>PyR:735Y^@CEQY^@C8080/962�I��.R/9G©J_>PD080=�/���y�/26435YZ/28;:N@CEFEFG�:<.L@[:�~�.03FE5/ c >C:<.�@CE5bC>P673u:<.0YZ1�@C64/B{@[yL@ c EF/Z>[J�XL80=R3580b|:<.0/�bPEF> c @CE�Y^3F8035Y}DRY���:7.0/9G©=R>�14>"358©=03u��/967/98,:K8,D0Y c /26->CJ#3F:</96<@Mz:<3F>P8019����y�/2B23uXLB{@[E5EFGC�;:<.0/T35YZy0E5/9Y^/98;:N@[:735>P8�>CJ«����D014/2=I~�@C1�@ c E5/�:<>-XL80=I:7.0/14>PE5D�:<35>C8^3F8

Page 83: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

�C®

J_/9~#/26T3F:7/267@[:<3F>P801`3F8�@[E5E�B2@C17/912�

����y�/96735YZ/28;:<@CERB9>PY^y0@C673F17>P801�>CJL:<.0/917/T@CEFbP>P673u:<.0YZ1«J_>P6�143580bCE5/`Y^@CBN.03F80/�14BN.0/2=0DRE5358Rb�y067> c zE5/9Y^1�@[67/�bP3FUC/28�358 �ĬCh$��@C8R=������W�­���H8��ĬCh$�­�S:H~�>|UP/967173F>P801->CJ#bP67/9/2=RG©14/{@C64BN.�zT14:7/2/9y�/914:=0/917B2/98;:Q@C8R=-JÆ@C1�:</914:$=0/214B2/98,:2�P@C64/ B2>PYZyL@C64/2=�~�3F:7.K��35Y}DREV@[:7/2=��8R80/{@CEF3580bR�f��@ c D}��/2@C67BN.��@C80=���/280/�:<3FB}�EFbP>P673u:<.0YZ12���`~#>|=03F��/264/28;:�80/935bP. c >P67.0>O>O='bP/28R/26<@M:<358Rbw>Py�/96<@[:7>P671a~#/264/B2>C80173F=0/264/2=�J_>C6�bP67/9/2=RG|14/{@C64BN.W�����²@C80=¯�T�,z#Y^>fUP/-@C8R=�/��RBN.0@C80bP/[�` L>P6�bP64/2/2=�G|17/{@[67BN.@KB9>PY c 3F8L@[:735>P8�>CJW:7.0/�:H~�>�~�@C1�J_>PD080=Z:<>�y�/26�J_>P67Y³:7.0/ c /21�:�@C8R=ID014/2=IJ_>P6�B2>CY^yL@[673514>P8W�J_>P6��O�&@[J°:</96 35803u:<3V@[E,:7/21�:<358Rb�>P80EFG-:<.R/TYZ>fUP/�>Py�/267@[:<>C6�~`@[1 D017/9=ZJ_>P6 B9>PYZyL@C673F17>P8�Ù;�`@C14/2=>P8w1435YZ35EV@[6�3F803F:73V@CEL:7/214:71`:<.0/���@ c D|14/{@C64BN.¯DR17/2=|:<.R/a/���BN.L@C8RbP/�>Py�/96<@[:7>P62�O~�.035EF/J_>P6���/�z80/�:<35B^@CEFbP>P673u:<.0YZ1:7.0/^1�:N@C8R=L@C67= c 358L@[64GvY}D�:N@[:735>P8�@C80=�D0803FJ_>C67Y±B967>P1417>fUP/96}>Py�/26<@M:<>P641~#/267/�B9>P80173F=0/264/2=oÅ­@C1�~#/�17.L@CEFE�E5@[:</962�R:7.0351`B2@CE5EF1`358;:7>?]ODR/214:735>P8|:<.R/aJÆ@C356480/2141T>[J�B9>PYZyL@C6�z3514>P801<Ç��|��@CBN.�)E5bP>P643F:7.0Y×~�@C1K:76735/9=�>CDR:K~�3u:<.�UC@[6735>CD01Ky0@C6<@CYZ/9:7/26412�|�`@C14/2=>C8q%`��(y064>�B9/217143580b?:735YZ/:<.L@M:�3F:`:7>�>Pd�J_>P6`:7.0/�@CE5bC>P673u:<.0YZ1�:7>�B2>P8;UP/967bP/[�L:<.0/�@CD�:<.0>P641�B2>P8RB2E5DR=0/:<.0@[:Z���£y�/26�J_>P67YZ/2=:7.0/ c /914:2���.0/9G.0>f~�/�UP/26Z>C��/26�:H~#>�y�>P14173 c E5/�/���y0EV@C80@[:<3F>P801KJ_>C6:<.R3512Þ^Å_3°Ç���� ~�>C67d,1-~#/2EFEQ~�3F:7.�:7.0351�17/2@C67BN.�17yL@[B2/C�`ÅÆ3F3°ÇT:7.0/�>C:<.0/96�@[E5bP>P643F:7.0Y^1@C67/�80>[:35YZy0EF/2YZ/28;:</9='@C1a/"¦ZB235/98;:<EFG"@C1T:<.0/�G'17.R>PD0E5= c /|Å°~�.035BN.v3F8":<.R/}E53FbP.;:>CJ :7.0/�64/214D0EF:71a>CJ�����W�­��@CyRy�/2@C671a],D03u:</KE535d[/2EuG0Ç�������� ��y064/214/28;:<1-@^14>PYZ/9~�.L@[:aY^>P64/K6435bP>C67>PD01T/���y�/26435YZ/28;:N@CEB2>CY^yL@[673514>P8�>CJ�Y}D0Eu:<3 zH14:<@C64:-@[80=3F:7/267@[:</9=oE5>OB{@[E 17/{@[67BN.�@CEFbP>P673u:<.0YZ1ZÅÂ�������$���$�0Ç�:<.L@M:@C64/-/91714/28;:<35@CE5EuGw67/9y�/�:<3F:735>P8R1�>CJ�bC67/2/9=RG|17/2@C67BN.">P80B2/�:7.0/KEF>�B2@CE�>CyR:<3FY}D0Y�3F1�J_>PD080=W����������²@C80=|�T���L��:T3F1`J_>PD080=w:<.0@[:�:<.0/�1435YZy0E5/a3FY^yRE5/2YZ/28;:<@[:<3F>P8I>CJQ�"�$�w351�B2>CY^y�/9:73F:<3uUP/:7>�����L:<.0/�y�/964J_>P64YI@C8RB2/->CJ �T��3F1 c /9:7:7/26T:<.L@C8v�"�$��� c DR:���3FY}D0E5@[:</9=��)8080/{@[E5358RbI@C8R=v@UP/9671435>P8'>[J����Õ.;G c 673F=035�9/2="~�3u:<.'�"�$��@C64/-J_>PDR80=":<>Zy064>�UO3F=0/K:7.0/ c /21�:64/217DREF:<1)>fUP/267@CE5E~�.0/98vE5>P80bC/26B9>PYZy0DR:N@M:<35>C8L@CEW:<3FY^/-351)y067>fUO35=R/2=W�a��.R/217/?64/214D0EF:71�@C67/�@CE514>�=0/917B2643 c /2=v3F8���Rg��­�

Page 84: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

�;¬

��>PYZ/|>C:<.R/26ZyL@Cy�/2671Z=0/917B2643 c 3F80b�/���y�/9673FY^/98,:<@CE�B2>PYZyL@C643514>P8�>CJ�@CEFbP>P643F:<.RY^1�J_>C6Z>[:<.0/96B2>CY c 3580@[:<>P643V@CE#>PyR:735YZ35�{@M:<35>C8oy064> c E5/9Y^1Z@C64/\� �;ð �KÅÆ],DL@C=067@[:<3FB¯@C171435bP80YZ/28;:Zy064> c E5/9Y^1<Ç�����PñW�#ÅÆy�>P6�:7J_>PEF35>}>Py�:<35YZ35�2@[:<3F>P8I3F8wXL8L@C80B9/fÇ���@[80=���C®��#Å_B2/9E5E«y0E5@CB2/9Y^/98,:�3F8¯àa�$����=0/9173FbP8AÇ�����;¬$�$y067>fUO35=R/21a@�B2>CY^y064/2.0/980173uUP/}14D064UC/9G�>CJ�:7>PD06TB2>P8R14:<64D0B9:735>P8".0/2D064351�:<35B912�AB2E5@C171435B2@CESE5>[zB{@[EW>PyR:735YZ35�{@M:<35>C8�@CEFbP>P673u:<.0YZ1�Å­ð�z��ayR:2�0ñMz��ayR:{�L�«3F8�z�e�/2648035bC.L@C8AÇ��R173FY}D0E5@[:</9=w@C8080/2@CE53F80b0�:N@ c D�14/{@C64BN.W�AbP/28R/9:<3FB�@CE5bC>P673u:<.0YZ12��@C80=¯80/2DR6<@CE«80/�:)@CE5bP>C673F:7.0YZ12�

�wj� yzrut}q9~Z¥wmpo)v+�)~�rut}q�~Zt lnmpo)��ruo¿{ ~�tw¼ þ�3d�Xmpo_~Z{ mpt��9vDx6twv�x"�bq9~Zq

��/964J_>P64Y^3F80b?@C8|/��Ry�/26435YZ/28;:N@[E�B2>CY^yL@[673514>P8w>CJ$17/2@C67BN.¯@CEFbP>P643F:<.RY^1�J_>P6�@?bP3uUP/28wyR67> c EF/2Y35180>C:�@C8©/2@C14G�:N@C14d��K� 67/9B2/28;:-yL@Cy�/26�>C8':<.0/?14D c Ü4/2B�:{�������W�­�«y�>P3F8;:<1a>PD�:�17>PYZ/}>CJ�:<.R/8,D0YZ/267>CD01�y03u:7JÆ@CEFE51 :<.0@[:`@-67/917/{@[67BN.0/96�.L@C1#:7>?@{UP>P3F=^~�.03FE5/)@[:7:7/2YZyR:<3F80b�:<>}y�/26�J_>P67Y³JÆ@C3F62�YZ/{@C803F80bCJ_D0E�/���y�/2673FY^/98;:N@CE«B9>PY^y0@C673F17>P8019����>PYZ/�>CJ$:<.0/917/K@C67/[Þ

� ����y�/9673FY^/98,:<@CE5EuGI1�:<D0=�G�3F80bZy067> c E5/2YZ1�>CJ�E53u:7:<EF/y067@CB9:735B2@CE�U[@CE5DR/� �T>C:�67/�J_/267643580bZ@C=R/2],DL@[:7/2EFGI:<>�:<.0/�/���3F14:<3F80b?E53u:</96<@[:7D067/� (T17358RbZ3F80/�¦ZB935/28;:T35YZy0EF/2YZ/28;:N@[:735>P8R1�>CJ�@CE5bC>P673u:<.0YZ1� �T>C:wy064>�UO3F=03580bq/���y0EV@C80@[:<3F>P801w@C8R=�Y^/2@C17D064/2YZ/28;:<1w:7> c @CBNd!:7.0/2Y D0yW�)E5/{@{UO358Rb> c UO35>CD01T@C80>PY^@CE53F/21#D08080>C:7/2=�@C80=¯D080/��RyREV@C3F80/2=

� � 67>fUO35=R3580bv80>C8�zH64/2y064>�=0DRB23 c E5/�64/217DREF:<19��80>C:�y064>�UO3F=03580b"17DB¦ZB23F/28;:Z=0/9:<@C35EF1}>P8q:<.R/3FY^y0EF/2YZ/28;:N@M:<35>C801

� (T17358RbZ64D080803F80b?:<3FY^/91�@C1T@�1�:<>PyRy03580b�B9673F:7/26435>P8

Page 85: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

���

� ��3F17D0143580b�1�:N@[:73514:735B2@CE�:<>O>PEF1� � c 14B2D0643580b�y064/217/98;:N@[:735>P8�>CJ�=0@[:N@?358|.L@[67=�zÂ:<>[z�67/{@[=wBN.L@C64:71� %�>PYZyL@C643580b�@[y0y0E5/91�@C80=¯>P6<@[80bP/21KÅ_Y^>P64/�>P8w:<.03F1 c /9E5>f~)Ç� �a67@f~�3F80b?D08014D0y0y�>P64:7/2=�B2>P80B9E5D01435>P8R1�J_64>PY�=0@[:N@

�`:a/2@CBN.'1�:</2y"358�:7.0351�~#>P67dA��:7.0/264/�.L@[1 c /2/98v@IB2>C8017B935>PD01@[:7:7/2YZyR:�:<>I@fUC>P35=�17D0BN.vyR3F:4zJÆ@CEFE512�Q� UC/28¯17>0�0:7.0/264/-@C67/�>C:7.0/26�yR67> c EF/2YZ1�@C1714>�B93V@[:7/2=w~�3F:7.|y�/964J_>P64Y^3F80b}/���y�/26435YZ/28;:N@CEB2>CY^yL@[673514>P8019�

�QUP/98tJ_>P6Z@�XR��/2=xy067> c E5/2Y @[80=xbP/980/267@CE�BN.0>P3FB2/¯>CJ�@CEFbP>P673u:<.0Y¯� :<.0/967/�@C67/¯8,D0YZ/267>CD01@CEFbP>P673u:<.0Y�yL@C6<@[Y^/�:</2641T:7.L@[:B{@C8 c /�BN.0@C80bP/9='~�.035BN.'Y^@{G¯358"B9>P8MÜ4D08RB9:<3F>P8�~�3u:<.'>[:<.0/96yL@C67@CYZ/9:</9671�@[��/2B9:�y�/264J_>C67Y^@C80B2/©3F8�@C8ÛD080B9E5/{@[6¯JÆ@C14.035>C8W���H8¡:<.03F1|:7.0/2143519��J_>C6¯/2@CBN.@CEFbP>P673u:<.0YÛ17>PYZ/�yL@C6<@[Y^/�:</2641$:7.L@[:�@Cy0y�/{@C6S:<> c /�173FbP803uXLB{@C8;:�@C64/#14/2E5/9B9:7/2=?@C8R=�:<.0/�/9��/2B�:>CJ�BN.L@C80bC/21T358w:<.0/917/-yL@C67@CY^/�:</9671�>P8|:<.0/�y�/26�J_>P67Y^@C80B9/�>CJ�:7.0/-@CE5bC>P673u:<.0YZ1�3F1T/���y0E5>P64/2=W� L>P6�/��R@CYZy0EF/C�0J_>P6�\T@C80=0>CY��@[E5dI:7.0/�UC@[E5D0/�>CJ Ð�:7.0/-y067> c @ c 35EF3F:HG^>CJ�@CB2B9/2yR:73580bZD0y0.03FE5EYZ>�UC/21�351�@�1435bP803uXLB{@[8,:�JÆ@CB9:7>P62� L>P6 ���&17D0BN.ZyL@C67@CY^/�:</9671�3580B9E5D0=R/�:<.0/�BN.0>C35B2/�>[J�B9>�>PEF3580b17BN.R/2=0D0EF/�@C80=}:7.0/�6<@[:7/�>CJ�B9>�>PEF3580bR�� L>P6��T�K:<.0/�1435�9/`>CJL:<.R/`B{@C8R=035=L@M:</`EF3514:Q@C80=}:7.0/�:N@ c D:</98,D067/-y�>[:</28;:[email protected]@{UP/-@C8�@[��/2B9:�y�/26�J_>P67Y^@C80B9/C�� L>P6T���¨:<.0/�d,358R=¯>[J�14/2E5/9B9:735>P8|D014/2=ÅÆyR67>Py�>P64:735>P80@CEÂ�Q:7>PD06780@CY^/98;:{��>C6?6<@C80dPz c @C17/9=x14/2E5/9B9:735>P8AÇ���:7.0/¯1735�9/|>CJ:7.0/|y�>PyRD0EV@[:735>P8358¡/{@[BN.�bP/980/267@[:<3F>P8¡@C67/�@CE5E)JÆ@CB9:7>P671w:<.0@[:�@[��/9B9:�y�/964J_>P64YI@[80B2/[���T>�~#/9UC/269�K>P8R/�B2@C8y0.;GO173FB{@CEFEFG�:</21�:�>P80EuG@'EF35YZ3F:</9=�8,D0Y c /96?>CJTyL@C6<@[Y^/�:</2641�@C80=:7.0/23F6�U[@CE5D0/912��@C80=q3u:}3F1.L@C64=Z:7>-:7/21�:#:7.0/�=0/2y�/280=R/280B935/21 c /�:H~�/9/28�:7.0/214/)yL@[6<@CYZ/9:7/2671�/917y�/2B235@CE5EuG�~�.0/98I:<.R/217/)@C64/80>C:�:7>�>�> c UO35>PD019�x��.0/¯67/917D0Eu:<1Z>CJ�@[8,G�/���y�/96735YZ/28;:<@CE�@C8L@CEuGO17351�Y}DR14: c /¯B2>C80173F=0/264/2=U[@CE53F=�>C80EFGvJ_>P6-17DRBN.qyL@C6<@[Y^/�:</2641�@[1K~#/267/^:</21�:</9=W� @C80=o>P80/IY�D014: c /^B{@CD�:<35>CD01�@ c >PD�:Y^@Cd,3580b�@C8;GwDR8017D0yRy�>P6�:</9="/��O:76<@Cy�>PEV@M:<35>C8�J_67>PYã17D0BN.�/���y�/9673FY^/98,:<@CE«=L@[:<@R�

Page 86: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

�;ª

�8R>C:<.0/96^Y^@�Ü4>P6�yL@[6<@CYZ/9:7/26?:<.L@M:^B2@C8 c /¯BN.L@C80bP/9=t351?:7.0/�8R/235bC. c >P64.0>�>O=�=0/9XL8R3F:<3F>P8W�à�/26�G�>CJ°:</98!3F8q:<.0/|E53u:</96<@[:7D067/[��:7.0/214/"@[E5bP>P643F:7.0Y^1}@C67/|B2>CY^yL@[67/2=q:7>�/[email protected]>C:7.0/26�>fUP/96º�Á Ba»"Æ<»"À)#�80/23FbP. c >P64.0>O>�=©J_D080B�:<35>C8012�¯��GOy03FB{@CEFEFGv:7.0351-351K17/2/98~�.0/28:7.0/�@[DR:<.0>C671�.0@fUC/@vJÆ@fUC>P673u:</|@CEFbP>P643F:<.RY ~�.0>C17/¯/9��/2B9:73FUC/280/9171I:7.0/9Gq~�3F17.�:<>©=0/2YZ>P801�:<67@[:</�@C80=�:<.0/|3FY�zy064>�UC/2YZ/28;:<1�YI@C=R/T:7>K:<.R/a@CEFbP>P673u:<.0Y*3580B9E5D0=0/TBN.L@C8RbP/21#358I.R>�~�:7.0/8R/235bC. c >P64.0>�>O= � 3F1=0/�XL80/2=vJ_>P6):<.0/}14/{@C64BN.W�-��.0351a3F1a6<@M:<.0/96aE53FdC/�B9>PYZyL@C673F80b�@[y0y0E5/91�@C80=v>C6<@C80bC/212���H8vXLb[zD064/21�®0�¿ð-z�®0����~�/�.L@{UP/�14/2/28|:<.0@[:{�RJ_>C6`/��R@CYZy0E5/[�RbP64/2/9=RGw17/2@C67BN.¯y�/264J_>C67YZ1 c /�:7:7/26`:<.0@C8\T@C80=0>PYÍ~`@CEFd"~�3F:7.bÐX3 �BA¿¬|>fUP/96K14>PYZ/Z8R/235bC. c >P64.0>�>O=019��@[80=�UO3FB2/?UP/9671<@¯>P8�>C:<.0/96719��a80/�~`@{G�>CJ�/28014D0673F80bKJÆ@C3F6 B2>PYZyL@C643514>P801 351 :7>KB9>PY^y0@C67/�:<.R/217/@CE5bC>P673u:<.0YZ1�J_>P6 :7.0/)17@CYZ/80/935bP. c >P67.0>O>O=w=0/9XL8R3F:<3F>P8 ` ���OD0BN.'@}:</9BN.0803F]ODR/K3F1�/2YZy0E5>fGP/9=�3F8w:<.03F1`:<.0/9173519�

�8�@M:7:</9Y^y�:�.L@[1 @CE514> c /2/98?YI@C=R/#:<>y0EV@CB9/#:7.0/�~#>P67d-358�:7.0351$:<.0/9173F1Q358�@y067>Cy�/96QB2>P8;:7/��O:358Z:<.0//���351�:<358Rb�E53u:</96<@[:7D067/[� ��/21435=0/91`y064>�UO3F=03580b�@�bP/980/267@CE�14D064UC/9GI>CJS>C:<.R/26�yR67> c EF/2YZ1�3F8YZ> c 35EF/QB2>CY^Y}DR8035B2@[:<3F>P801�~�.0/967/�:<.0/917/�@CE5bP>C673F:7.0YZ1�.L@{UP/ c /9/28�@Cy0y0EF35/2=��My0@Cy�/9671SB2>fUC/2673F80b:<.R/`@Cy0yRE535B2@[:<3F>P8�>CJL14>PY^/#>CJ0:7.0/214/�@CE5bC>P673u:<.0YZ1W:<>T:<.0/�:H~�>�14y�/9B23FX0B�y064> c E5/9Y^1$B2>C80173F=0/264/2=358?:7.0351Q:7.0/214351Q��X��R/9=I80/�:H~�>C67d?>PyR:735YZ35�2@[:<3F>P8½�ÄðPð ��@C8R= c @[17/�14:<@[:<3F>P8�E5>OB{@[:735>P8b�áñ;¬ �­�Ì�ÄñPª$�Â�.L@{UP/K@CEF17> c /9/28¯67/�U�3F/9~#/2=�358�%�.L@CyR:7/26TñR�

�$>"Y^@C358;:N@[358vJÆ@C356480/2141�3F8�:7.0/^:7/267YZ3580@[:<3F>P8©B2673u:</9673V@�ÅÆ=R/2B23F=0358Rb¯~�.0/98�@C8@[E5bP>P643F:7.0Y×3F1:<> c /Z1�:<>PyRy�/9=AÇ��S~�/Z/28R17D064/Z:7.L@[:�J_>P6�/{@[BN.o17/�:->CJ`B9>PY^y0@C673F17>P801a:7.0/�1<@CYZ/�8,D0Y c /26�>CJJ_D080B�:<3F>P8"/�UC@[E5DL@[:735>P8R1)@[67/-YI@C=R/C����.0351TYZ/{@C801�J_>P6T/��R@CYZy0E5/�:<.0@[:a@^\)@[80=0>PY£�o@CE5d�>C6��3FY}D0EV@M:</2=©�)8080/{@[E5358Rbw67D08�~�3F:<.�g������c�����|3u:</96<@[:735>P801?Å_~�.03FBN.oB2>C6767/917y�>P80=01�:<>�g������c�����J_D080B�:<3F>P8!/�U[@CE5DL@M:<35>C801NÇ�~#>PD0E5= c /¯B2>CY^yL@[67/2=�~�3F:7.x@o��/980/9:735B|�EFbP>P673u:<.0Y ~�3F:7.�ð������bP/980/267@[:<3F>P801�3FJ$:<.0/�y�>Py0D0E5@[:<3F>P8w173F�2/-351T¬���ÅÆ143580B9/�:<.0/-8,D0Y c /26�>CJ�J_DR80B9:735>P8|/9U[@CEFDL@[:735>P801J_>P6$:<.0/`����~�>PDRE5= c /�¬��M�0ð������[3¨g������c�����;Ç$@[80=?@��@ c D��O/{@C64BN.�~�3u:<.^g��R�������)3u:</96<@[:735>P801CåãOÞ Û"è�Ô Öå×þÛ"ø è�ÙcÛ"Þ4ÙcÚÕèµÛfÝÓÛ�Ü°ø$ãO×µÖ>èµÔ ÖØÜ ßáÛ"×þè�Ô Ö)Þ ÖåÙ�â�ÔZöWÛ�×�Ô ÛZÛ�ä ÚÕÛ�Þ4üÎÔ$ÙcÝêÔ4è�Ô$ÖØ÷fÔWã¨�"Ö9öWÖåÖØÞpÖEDZø�ÖØ×µÙ�ù

Ü°ÖØÞ�èµã"æ�æc÷¾ßáÛ�à Þ$äSè�Û¾ø�ÖØ×�ßáÛ"×µÜ è�Ô$Ö)öWÖìÚ�èìé

Page 87: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

�P¼

3FJ�:7.0/�1735�9/�>CJ#:7.0/?B{@[80=035=0@[:</�E53F14:aJ_64>PYÍ~�.R35BN.©:<.0/?80/��O:�y�>P358;:�3F1�y035BNd[/2=�351?g��©ÅÆ@Cb;@C3F8B2>C6767/917y�>P80=03F80b?:<>^@}:<>C:<@CEW>CJ#g��M��g���������3 g����R�������}J_D080B�:<3F>P8|/9U[@CE5D0@[:<3F>P801NÇ��

�$>¯> c :N@C3F8v/���y�/2673FY^/98;:N@CEQ=0@[:N@�~�3F:7.v14:<@[:<3F14:<3FB{@CE�173FbP803FX0B{@C80B9/?351�@w=0/9173F6<@ c EF/?bP>;@CE­�K�)E5EB2>CY^yL@[673514>P801�J_>C6�:<.R/�y067> c E5/2Y²>CJAXR��/2=�80/�:H~�>C67d�:7>Py�>CE5>PbCG->Py�:<35YZ35�2@[:<3F>P8K@C67/`B9>PYZyL@C67/9=J_>P6#@[:�E5/2@C14:)g���67D08019�0@C8R=^:<.R/YZ35803FY}D0Y¯�CY^@M��35Y}D0Y³@C80=�@{UC/26<@[bP/)XL80@CE�B9>P14:71#J_>PDR80=I3F8:<.R>P17/T67D08R1#3F1�14.0>f~�8W��� 67>fUO35=03F80b-17D0BN.�3F8RJ_>P64YI@[:735>P8 c /9B2>PYZ/21�.L@C64=0/26�3FJ�:<.0/�y064> c EF/2Y³3F1B2>CY^y0D�:N@[:735>P8L@[E5EFGaB2>PYZy0E5/��?@[80=�3F:Q:<@CdC/91 17/9UC/[email protected]>PD0641QJ_>P6Q/2@CBN.^64D08?:<>�B9>PY^yRE5/9:7/C�Q��8R/>PyR:735>P8I351#:7>}E53FY^3u: :<.0/8ODRY c /96`>CJS3u:</267@[:<3F>P801�J_>P6`@M:�E5/2@C14:#:<.0/ayR67/2EF35YZ358L@[64G?yL@[6<@CYZ/9:7/26�zBN.L@C8RbP/v358;UP/914:735b;@[:735>P8R12�¨��.03F1I~�@C1�=0>P8R/"J_>P6I:7.0/'17/9B2>P8R=¡yR67> c EF/2Y >CJ�>Py�:<35Y^@CE c @C14/14:<@[:<3F>P8|E5>OB{@[:735>P8��

�$>w/28014D067/?64/2y064>�=0DRB23 c 35E53u:HGw>CJ�64/217DREF:<19��:<.R/}17>PDR67B2/?B9>�=R/|ÅÆ3F8vßP@{U[@;Ç)351)y067>fUO35=R/2='J_>P6@CE5E:<.R/�@CE5bP>C673F:7.0YZ1TJ_>P6 c >C:7.vy067> c E5/9Y^1a3F8':<.0/�@[y0y�/980=03 ���}%`@C67/?3F1:N@[dC/28©:<>w/98017DR67/?:<.L@M:17D.¦^B935/98,:�=R/9:N@[35E51)@ c >PDR:):<.0/}3FY^yRE5/2YZ/28;:<@[:<3F>P801T@C67/�y067>fUO35=0/9='J_>P6a@[8,GC>P80/}~�.0>�~�3F17.0/91:<>�64/2y064>�=0DRB2/�:<.0/917/-67/214D0EF:712���8¯/���y0E5@C8L@[:735>P8|>P6�@M:)EF/{@C1�:T@Z.;GOy�>C:<.0/9173F1T14D0y0y�>P64:7/2= c G:<.R/-=0@[:N@?351�yR67>fUO35=0/9=�3F8�@[E5EWB2@C17/91TJ_>P6`:7.0/�67/917D0Eu:<1�> c 14/264UC/2=W�

�H8�17>PYZ/�17/98017/�:<.R/�:<@C17dK>CJ�@C8�/���y�/9673FY^/98,:<@CEL@C80@CEFGO173F1Q>CJ�@CE5bC>P673u:<.0YZ1�3F1 80/9UC/26�B2>PYZy0EF/9:</��:7.0/264/v351I8R>qE535YZ3F:?:7>o:<.R/'8,D0Y c /26w>CJ�/��Ry�/26435YZ/28;:<1I>P80/'B2@C8�=0>:<>�:</21�:w>PDR:�80/9~35=R/{@C1-@C80=�/���y0EF>P67/�:<.0/ c /2.L@{UO35>PDR6->[J�:<.R/�@CEFbP>P673u:<.0YZ1>fUC/26�8R/9~ yL@C67@CYZ/9:</96�17/9:4:<3F80bP12�80/935bP. c >P67.0>O>O=?=0/9XL8R3F:<3F>P801Q>C6Q>C:<.R/26 YZ>�=03uXLB{@M:<35>C8012���a80/�B{@[8Z>C80EFGK67/9y�>P6�:�>P8?~�.L@[:�.L@[1@CEF67/{@[=RG c /9/28�@CB9B2>PYZy0EF3517.R/2=�@C80==067@{~ 17D0BN.qB9>P80B2EFD0173F>P801-J_67>PY±:7.0/214/�67/917D0Eu:<1}@[1}@C64/B2EF/{@C64EFGI17D0y0y�>P6�:</2= c Gw:<.0/�=L@M:N@R�

Page 88: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

å   p�� m�§²n F

� pslv§ ¤±mop m ��� Ò / � rÛp³m ��� Ò

« � m � Ö �a¬ p m ��� Ò

��j�i Gþt��9o_r½¥}|}�¾�)~�r�t

�1Z=0/917B2643 c /2=!y067/�U�3F>PD014EFG�358�17/9B9:735>P8!ñR�¾ñR��>P8R/�>Py�:<35YZ35�2@[:<3F>P8y064> c EF/2Y¦~�.0/967/�17/{@[67BN.:</9BN.0803F]ODR/21�YI@{G c /aDR:<3FE53F�2/2=^351`3F8�=0/9B235=R3580b}DRy�>P8�:7.0/aEF>�B2@[:<3F>P8^>[J c @C17/a1�:N@[:735>P8R12� ��.03F1351?:HGOy03FB{@CEFEFG=R>P80/|358q:<.R/�y0E5@C80803F80b©14:<@CbP/w~�.0/28!17/�:7:<3F80b�D0yt@v80/�~£Y^> c 35EF/�B2>PYZY}D�z803FB{@[:735>P80180/9:H~#>P67dA�?�H8RJ_>C67Y^@[:<3F>P8'B2>C80B2/967803F80bw:<.0/�6<@[=035>�yR67>PyL@[b;@[:<3F>P8vBN.L@C67@CB9:7/2643514:735B91>CJ�:<.R/w17/26�UO35B2/|@[67/{@��#@[80=�@C8q35803u:<35@CE�E5351�:}>CJTy�>P17143 c EF/�173u:</91�~�.0/264/ c @C17/�:76<@C8R17YZ3F:7:73580b14:<@[:<3F>P801�B2@C8 c /�E5>OB{@[:7/2=©351�DR17/2=©:<>¯=0/91735bC8�B9/2EFE51�358©14D0BN.@�~�@fG�@[1�:7>|Y^3F8035YZ35�9/K:<.R/B2>C14:�>CJ#/2],D03Fy0Y^/98;:^ÅÆ3Â�Ä/C�K8,D0Y c /26�>CJ c @C14/�14:N@M:<35>C801�D017/9=AÇ��«~�.03FE5/}Y^@M��35YZ35�93580bZ17/964UO35B9/ÅÆ3­�¾/[��:<.R/a6<@C=R35>�B9>fUP/267@CbP/�y064>fU�3F=0/2=w3F8^:7.0/�@C64/{@;Ç�����D0BN.wY}D0Eu:<3 zH> c Ü4/9B9:73FUP/T>PyR:735YZ35�2@[:<3F>P801358;UC>PEFUO358Rb}:<6<@[=0/�z�>C��1�64/2],D03564/�:<.L@[:�14>PYZ/a~�/935bP.;:<1 c /�@C171435bP80/9=¯:7>^/2@CBN.¯> c Ü4/2B�:<3uUP/C�

�Ph

Page 89: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ª��

�35bPDR67/-¬��ugPÞ���>[:</28;:73V@CE«��@C17/��O:N@M:<35>C8|�S>OB{@M:<35>C801��jO� l o)ru�}x�mp{ £6mpq9�fo_~Z�G�)~�r�t v�t}¥ l vDo)v�{ m4�smpo_q

�8"/���y�/9673FY^/98,:<@CE$B2>PYZyL@C643517>C8�>CJ :7.0/KU[@C6435>PDR1)14/{@C64BN.':</2BN.R8035],D0/91a~`@C1D080=0/964:N@[dC/28':7>17/9/T:7.0/23F6�67/2E5@[:<3uUP/�y�/264J_>C67Y^@C80B2/�>P8�:<.R351�y067> c E5/9Y����¡14],DL@C67/T17/964UO35B9/a@C64/{@�~`@[1#14/2E5/9B9:7/2=@C80= c 64>PdC/98KDRy-3F8;:<>�@`bP6435=�>CJ�g�������gZ���`y�>C358;:<1«14yL@CB2/9=^g DR803F:«=R3514:<@C80B9/#@[yL@C64:2�$ A64>PY&:<.03F117/�:�>[JQg������c�����ay�>P14173 c E5/�y�>P358;:<19��¬�g�E5>OB{@[:735>P801Q~�.R/267/ c @C14/T:76<@C8R17YZ3F:7:73580b�1�:N@[:735>P8R1 B2>PD0EF=c /Zy�>C:7/28;:<35@CE5EuG c /�E5>OB{@[:7/2=v~�/967/^bP/280/96<@[:7/2=�6<@C80=R>PY^EuG�~�3u:<.�@¯DR803FJ_>P64Y×=03F14:7673 c DR:<3F>P8W���.0/917/I¬�g�y�>P14173 c E5/?143F:</91�B{@C8 c /?17/2/98o3F8� �35bPD064/�¬��ugP�? L>P6�64/{@CE�~#>P64E5=©y067> c E5/9Y^19�W:<.03F1358R3F:<35@CE�E53F14:^>CJ�y�>C:</98,:73V@CE c @[17/'1�:N@[:735>P8tEF>�B2@[:<3F>P801�~�>CD0E5=t=R/2y�/280=�D0y�>P8�bP/9>[email protected]{@CEB2>C80173F=0/267@[:<3F>P8012� yR.,GO1435B{@[E`B2>P8R14:<67@C358;:71�@C80=:<.R/w/{@C14/�~�3F:<.~�.R35BN.�6<@C=R35>":76<@C8014Y^3u:7:7/2671B{@[8 c /�35801�:N@CEFE5/2=I358w:<.0>C17/�E5>OB{@[:735>P8R12�

L>P6S/{@CBN.Ky�>[:</28;:73V@CEPEF>�B2@[:<3F>P8�@�17/26�UO35B2/#B2>fUP/96<@CbC/�@C64/{@�~`@C1$> c :<@C358R/2=-D0173F80b@�E5>Cb[zH80>C67Y^@CE17.0@C=0>f~�JÆ@C=0358RbIYZ>�=0/9E«J_>P667@C=035>^y067>CyL@Cb;@[:735>P8��T�H8�:<.03F1YZ>�=0/9EÂ�L:<.R/}y�>f~#/26aEF>P171T358"=L�

Page 90: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ª�g

@[:T@�=0351�:N@C8RB2/�=|J_67>PY :<.0/ c @C14/K1�:N@[:735>P8w3F1�bP3FUC/28 c Gw:<.0/�/2],DL@M:<35>C8

< L � ��� Å��OÇ)3@P E T>a��U��Å��OÇ E 5 Å­¬��FgfÇ

~�.0/967/Z� 351�@w�2/967>[z�Y^/2@C8��-@[D017143V@C8v67@C80=0>PYÍà�@C6735@ c E5/-~�3F:7.�@�U[@C643V@C80B9/ ¹ ` �? L>P6):<.03F1y064> c E5/9Y×:<.R/Zy0@C6<@CYZ/9:7/2641�~#/264/^BN.R>P17/98�:<> c /�� 3�¬��R�$�Y3ã®��R� ¹ ` 3 g����^ L>P6�/2@CBN.>CJS:<.R/-y�>P14173 c E5/ c @[17/�14:<@[:<3F>P8wE5>OB{@[:735>P8R12�,:<.0/�6<@[=035>}y0@[:<.|E5>C1712�L< L � �H� ~`@C1�B9>PY^yRDR:</9=|J_>C6@CEFE)g����R�c�����"y�>P358;:<19�v��.0/28���@'B9DR:<>C�!U[@CE5D0/®< ¯ 3�g����Z� T×BN.0>C17/28�J_>P6-:<.0/wyL@M:<.qE5>C1712�17DRBN.©:7.L@[:�3uJ¿< L � �H� ÈY<+¯J_>P6a@[8,G"y�>C358;:a3u:a351=0/2/9Y^/9=':<.L@[::<.0/}67@C=03F>�B2>fUP/96<@CbC/Z3F180>[:17D.¦^B935/98,:2�| �35bCD067/Z¬��¿ðw17.0>f~�1K:7.0/Z6<@C=03F>�B9>fUP/267@CbP/ZJ_>P6�>P80/�17D0BN.�:<6<@[8017YZ3F:4:</26�EF>�B2@[:</9=@[:>P80/�>[JQ:<.0/}¬�g}y�>P17143 c EF/KEF>�B2@[:<3F>P8019�T��J @CE5E�¬�gKy�>P14173 c E5/KE5>OB{@[:735>P801�~#/264/}17/9E5/2B�:</9=W��:<.R/80/�:�B2>fUC/26<@[bP/�~#>PD0EF= c /�g������ c DR:Z:<.0/967/¯~�>PDRE5= c /�@�173FbP803uXLB{@C8;:^>fUP/264EV@Cy c /�:H~�/9/28=03u��/967/28;: c @C14/�1�:N@[:735>P8R12� ��.0/�>fUC/267E5@Cy&JÆ@CB9:7>P6JI>^��)~�.03FBN.�67/9y067/917/98,:71�:7.0/o@{UC/26<@[bP/8,D0Y c /26a>[J c @C14/}14:<@[:<3F>P801yR67>fUO35=03F80bIB9>�UC/267@CbP/�:7>�/{@CBN.vy�>P3F8,:)358�:<.0/�@C67/2@R��~�@C1J_>PDR80=:<> c /-@Cy0y064>f��3FYI@[:7/2EuG®���Á¬Ch�� ��.0351�17.R>�~�1TB2EF/{@C64EFGZ:<.L@M:�YI@C8;Gw>[J$:7.0/�y�>C17173 c E5/�EF>�B2@[:<3F>P801y064>�UO3F=0/w67/9=0D080=L@[8,:ZB9>�UC/267@CbP/�@C80=q:<.L@M:?JÆ@C6�J_/9~#/26?:7.L@C8!¬�g c @C14/w14:N@M:<35>C801}~�>CD0E5= c /67/9],D03564/2=|:<>�y067>fUO35=R/-bC>�>O=|B2>fUP/96<@CbP/-358�:7.0/-@C67/2@R�

L>P6 :<.03F1�>PyR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8�/{@CBN.�y�>P3F8,:�3F8Z:7.0/T17/{@[67BN.�14yL@CB2/T~�>CD0E5=^67/2yR67/214/28;:�~�.R35BN.I14D c 14/9:>CJ :7.0/?¬�gKy�>[:</28;:73V@CE$E5>OB{@[:735>P8R1�~#/264/?@CB�:<DL@CEFEFG|BN.0>C17/28��a��.0351)B{@C8 c /�64/2y064/214/28;:</9= c G"@¬�g c 3F: c 358L@[64G^14:<643580b-~�3F:7.�/{@CBN. c 3u:�B9>P6764/214y�>P8R=03580b}:7>}>P80/)>CJ«:<.R/ay�>[:</28;:73V@CE�E5>OB{@[:735>P8R12���@CBN. c 3u:�351�>P80/-3FJQ@ c @C17/-14:<@[:<3F>P8�3F1�y0EV@CB9/2="@[:�:<.0/-B2>P6467/917y�>P80=03F80bIEF>�B2@[:<3F>P8|@C80=��2/264>>C:7.0/26�~�3517/[�©��.0/w173F�2/�>CJ�:7.0/w17/2@C67BN.�14yL@CB2/w3F1K:7.0/264/9J_>P64/¯ð ^�KML ð.A¿ðP¬$­Sg�� ^�K ����.R/�B2>P1�:J_D080B�:<3F>P8|BN.0>P17/98"3F1�1735YZ35E5@C6#:7>?:<.L@[:�DR17/2=�358\�áñ;¬ �­Þ

·½3:Ð 5JCLKBEÔ?N Å­¬��ÁðCÇ

~�.0/967/k5DCBKBE|351):7.0/}8,D0Y c /26>CJ c @C14/�:<67@C8017YZ3F:4:<3F80bI1�:N@[:735>P801)17/9E5/2B�:</9=W� Ô 351T:<.0/}67@C=03F>B2>fUC/26<@[bP/�ÅÆy�/264B2/98,:<@CbP/a>[J«E5>OB{@[:735>P8R1�3F8I14/264UO3FB2/�@C64/{@K~�.R35BN.w@C64/a@C64/)B9>fUP/264/2= c G�@M:�EF/{@C1�:

Page 91: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ªPð

�35bPD064/-¬��¿ð�Þ��R@CYZy0E5/a\)@C=R35>^%�>fUP/267@CbP/�J_>P6T�a80/���>[:</28;:73V@CES�«>OB{@[:735>P8

>P80/ c @[17/�14:<@[:<3F>P8AÇ�y064>�UO3F=0/2= c Ga:<.0/917/�17/9E5/2B�:</9=�14:<@[:<3F>P8019�[è^67/�ÝL/2B�:<1S:<.0/ ~#/235bC.,:�@[:4:[email protected]/2=:<>"YI@M��3FY^3F�2358Rb¯B9>fUP/267@CbP/w@[1}>Py0y�>P17/9=:<>�Y^3F8035YZ35�93580b�:7.0/�8,D0Y c /26K>CJ c @C14/�14:<@[:<3F>P8012�@C80=¥Ð�3F1^@©17B2@CE53F80b©JÆ@CB9:7>P62�x A>C6�:7.0351�y064> c EF/2Y�:<.R/¯U[@CEFD0/21Z>CJ:7.0/¯yL@C6<@[Y^/�:</2641Z~#/264/BN.0>P14/28¯:<> c /Jèw3�ñw� Ð�3�g�� � � L>P6a:<.R351�J_D080B�:<35>C8W�$@¯.03F14:7>PbP6<@[Y×>CJ�B2>P1�:<1�~`@C1-bP/980/267@[:</9=�J_64>PY�g�� K 6<@[80=0>PY±17@CYZy0E5/91@C80=�3F1Q17/9/28Z358? �3FbPD064/�¬��¾ñR����.0/�.R3514:7>PbP67@CYÕ14.0>f~�1�@�EF>P80b:<@C35E­�[:7.0351Q3F1Q/���y0E5@C358R/2= c G}:<.R/JÆ@CB�:�:<.L@[::<.0/967/Z@C67/�@w8,D0Y c /26�>[J#y�>P14173 c E5/?BN.0>P3FB2/91�>CJ�EF>�B2@[:<3F>P801)B2E5>C17/2EuG"14yL@CB9/2=�17D0BN.:<.0@[:�3FJA:<.R/9G?~#/267/T17/9E5/9B9:</9=Z:7.0/264/�~�>PDRE5= c /�@�.03FbP.�8ODRY c /96�>CJÕ5JCBKLE�:<.L@M:#B9>P6764/214y�>P8R=01:<>�E5>f~£67@C=035>�B2>fUC/26<@[bP/C�Û�Í1435bP803uXLB{@[8,:^8,D0Y c /26^>CJ�17/[email protected]�>P3F8;:<1Z.L@{UP/'B9>P14:^UC@[E5D0/91c /9:H~#/2/28\�R�¿ðI@C80=����Á¬����.0/?y�/2@Cd�@C67>PDR80=��R�¿ðCñIB2>C6767/917y�>P80=01a:7>wBN.0>P3FB2/21E535d[/wÅ�gfh c @C14/14:<@[:<3F>P8019�Ah;¬��ãB9>�UC/267@CbP/fÇ�@C80=oÅ�gZ� c @C17/-14:<@[:<3F>P8012�Ah����ãB2>fUC/26<@[bP/fÇ�����.0/�YZ>P14:T>PyR:735Y^@CEy�>P358;:<1}@C67/I:7.0>P14/I~�3F:7.qE5>f~ B2>P1�:�@C80=:7.0/wE5>f~#/214:?U[@CEFD0/21�17/2/98�358o:7.0/w.0351�:<>PbC6<@CY @C64/@ c >PDR:[�R�Fg{¼^~�.035BN.vB9>P6764/214y�>P8R=01:<>I17>PEFDR:<3F>P801EF35d[/wÅ�gCg c @C14/?14:<@[:<3F>P8012��¼;¬��£B2>fUC/26<@[bP/fÇ����:�3F1`/���y�/2B9:7/2=|:<.L@M:`:<.0/�14/{@C64BN.w:</2BN.R8035],D0/91T~#>PD0EF=�G�3F/2EF=�17>PEFDR:<3F>P801�~�3F:<.wB9>P14:71�@[:�EF/{@C1�:

Page 92: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ªCñ

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.20

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

�35bPDR67/�¬��¾ñRÞ��T3514:7>PbP67@CY�>CJQ%�>P1�:<1�J_>P6��`@C14/��,:N@[:735>P8¯�«>�B2@[:<3F>P8¯�ayR:<3FY^3F�{@[:735>P8

bP>O>�=}@C1)�R�ugf¼R�P3uJA80>C: c /9:4:</269� �a80EuGK:7.0/28�B2>CD0E5=}:7.0/23F6�y�/264J_>C67Y^@C80B2/ c /�17@C35=�:7> c / c /9:4:</96:<.0@C8"@?67@C80=0>PY�1<@CYZy0E53F80b}>CJ$:<.R/-14/{@C64BN."14yL@CB2/[�

��jI¡ »�mp~�¼��½�Xruo_�wr�r½¥ £6m?O-t}~��9~�rut

��.064/2/-=03F��/264/28;:)�)/23FbP. c >C67.0>O>�=w=R/9XL803u:<3F>P801`~#/267/-B2>C80173F=0/264/2=|J_>P6`:<.03F1�y067> c E5/2Y¯�

� �T/235bC. c >P64.0>�>O=I=R/9XL803u:<3F>P8���Þ,ÝL3Fyw@C8;GI>C80/ c 3u:`>CJ«:7.0/aB2DR6767/98;:�17>PEFDR:<3F>P8I1�:<643580b?@M:67@C80=0>PY¯�

� �T/235bC. c >P64.0>�>O=x=R/9XL803u:<3F>P8��Þ�~�3F:7.�@E5>f~�ÃPY}D�:N@[:735>P80Ã�y064> c @ c 3FE53u:HG�<>=±Å_:HGOy03uzB2@CE5EuG�@ c >PDR:f���c�RgfÇ��RÝL3Fyw/{@CBN. c 3u:�358�:<.R/ c 358L@C6�G�1�:<673F80b�67/9y067/917/28;:73580b�:<.0/�B9D06764/28;:14>PE5DR:735>P8��

� �T/235bC. c >P64.0>�>O=�=0/9X0803F:735>P8K%Þ�6<@C8R=0>PYZEFGayR35BNd�@�80/9~y�>P3F8;:$J_64>PY�:7.0/�/28;:<3F67/�17/{@[67BN.14yL@CB2/[����.0351�351`:7.0/�B2>PYZy0EF/9:</9EFGI6<@C80=R>PY�80/935bP. c >P67.R>�>O=w~�.0/264/D5oÅ�­�Ç_3 V`�

Page 93: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ª[®

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10.14

0.16

0.18

0.2

0.22

0.24

0.26

0.28Performance of Random Walk on BTS Location Optimization Problem

Probability of uphill moves P

Fin

al C

ost

Initial Cost = 0.28

PRQTS�UWVYX ¬��Ä®0Þ[Z X\V^]`_�V^a;b$cWdeXf_g]ihjbgcWkW_�aAlmbgnporqsnpS�_gVYQTtYuWawv[]`_gV?xyb$vYX{z�t|b$t|QT_�c~}�_�d�b)t|Qp_gc��� t|QTaMQT��b$tYQp_�cz6QTcWdeXJkWX\�WcWQTtYQp_�c�q��bgvMU�t|QTnpQp�\Xek�]`_�VwaM_gv^tw_g]?tYuWX�X�� � X\VYQpawXec�tYv � XeVE]`_�VYawXek�]`_�V�t|uWQTv� V^_��WnpX\a~��Q�tQTvbgv^vYUWawXekrQTcMtYuWX?kWX\vYd\VYQ � t|Qp_gcWv��XenT_���tYu�b$t(t|uWX?cWXeQTS�u���_�V^uW_�_6kwQpv�kWX\��c�Xekbgv � X\VikWX\��c�QTt|QT_�cwq���UWcWnTXevYv(v � Xed\QT��X\k;_gtYuWXeVE�[Qpv^Xg��q?nTvY_�]`_�V�t|uWXjX�� � XeV^QpawXec�t|v(kWXev^deV^Qp��Xek��Xenp_���tYuWXwQpcWQ�t|Q�b$nRv^t|bgV^tYQpcWS � _�Qpc�t�]`_�V�t|uWX{�$bgVYQT_�UWv"bgnTS�_�VYQ�t|uWawv?�bgv�d�u�_�vYX\c<V|bgc�kW_�awnT�Qpc;vYUWd�uJb��b��Mt|u�b)tt|u�X�c�UWa���XeV _g]�QTcWQTtYQ�bgn�nT_6deb$t|QT_�cWvi�ybgv ð��|Å b ��� VY_��6QpaMb$t|X\nT�{u�b$nT] t|u�Xt|_$t�bgn=c�UWa���X\Vj_$] � _�vYv^Qp�WnTX�np_�d�b$tYQp_�c�v Ç �

��j� lnmpo)��ruo_{ v�t}��m rk� ÇÈvDt}¥wr�{ É v�xZÊ

q?v?kWXev^deVYQT��X\k¡Qpc£¢uWb � t|X\V ð ��t|uWX�d�u�QpX\] � b$V|bgawX\tYXeV?QTc~tYuWX�hjbgcWkW_�a¤lmbgnpoJbgnTS�_�VYQ�t|uWawvQpv Ð �it|u�X � V^_���bg��QpnpQ�t¥�m_$]�bgd\deX � t|Qpc�S�U � uWQpnTnyaM_��gXeve�¦q?c�X�� � XeVYQTaMX\c�tw�bgvwde_�c�kWUWd\tYXekde_ga � b$VYQpc�SwtYuWX�hjbgcWkW_�aAlmbgnpo�vj]`_�V?kWQ�§/X\VYX\c�ts�$bgnpUWX\v?_g] Ð ��P�_�VsX�bgd�u Ð �-t|u�X�hsb$cWkW_�almbgnpo"bgnTS�_�VYQ�t|uWa¨�bgv�V^UWcr© � t|QTaMX\v&]`_�V�© ����� QTt|X\V|b$tYQp_�c�ve�&PRQpS�U�VYX ¬ � ® v^uW_��[v�t|uWX b��gXeV|b$S�X��c�b$n&d\_�v^t�_g��t�bgQTcWXek~Qpc�tYuWXev^X�VYU�cWv?]`_�V[�$bgnpUWX\v?_g] Ð V|bgcWSgQpcWSw]`VY_�a � tY_5©��«ª¬t?a;b��J��X

Page 94: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ªP¬

0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10.14

0.16

0.18

0.2

0.22

0.24

0.26

0.28

Probability of uphill moves P

Fin

al C

ost

Performance of Random Walk for BTS Location Optimization Problem

initialCost = 0.28

average

minimum

maximum

PRQTS�UWVYX�­6�®­6¯ Z X\V^]`_�V^a;b$cWdeXf_g]ihjbgcWkW_�aAlmbgnporqsnpS�_gVYQTtYuWawv[]`_gV?xyb$vYX{z�t|b$t|QT_�c~}�_�d�b)t|Qp_gc��� t|QTaMQT��b$tYQp_�ccW_gtYQpd\Xek5t|uWb$t�t|u�X���c�bgn&vY_�nTU�t|QT_�cWv � VY_���QpkWX\k£���5bgnpn°hjbgcWkW_ga�lmbgnpo~bgnTS�_�VYQ�t|uWawvjbgVYX�bgnpn± UWQTtYX�S�_�_6k/�=bgcWk¡d\XeVEt�bgQTcWnT�~a�UWd�u£��X\tYtYXeV?tYu�bgc5�[u�b)t�de_�UWnTk5��X�_���t�b$QpcWX\k���Q�b8V|b$cWkW_�av|b$a � nTQpcWS�_g]t|uWXwv � b$deXg��l²uWQTnpX{Qpc7S�Xec�XeV|b$n(tYuWX ± U�b$npQTt¥�£_$]yvY_gnpU�tYQp_�cWv"kWX�t|XeV^Qp_�VYb$t|X\v�b$vÐ QTcWdeV^X�bgv^Xeve�[t|u�XeVYX�Qpv8b�vYaMbgnpn[kWQ � b$t8nT_��A�gb$npUWX\v;_g] Ð �´³&_�QTc��gXevEt|QpS�b$t|XJt|uWQTv;X\§�Xed�t]`UWVEt|uWX\Ve� t|uWX�VYUWcWv8��XeV^X¡VYX � Xeb$t|X\kµ]`_�VM�$bgV^Qp_�UWvw�$bgnpUWX\v;_g] Ð VYbgcWS�QTcWS�]`V^_�a ¶�t|_�¶6�T©��³ uWX\vYX;V^Xev^UWnTtYv�bgV^X{vYuW_��[c<QTc£�WS�UWVYX;­6�®­r�[u�Qpd�u � np_gtYv�t|uWXMb���XeVYbgS�X{��c�bgnid\_�v^tYv�bgv���Xenpnbgv"t|uWXwa;b���QTa�UWa·b$cWk<awQpcWQTa�UWa¸�$bgnTUWXev"_��Wv^XeVE��Xek�QTc�tYuWX;V^UWcWve��ª¬t�Qpv"vYXeX\cmt|uWb$tf]`_gVnp_��¹cW_�c6º¬�eX\VY_{�gb$npUWX\v _g] Ð �Wt|uWX"bgnTS�_�VYQ�t|uWawv � VY_���QpkWX���X\t^t|XeV ��cWbgn vY_�nTU�t|QT_�cWvtYu�bgc Ð�3 ¶�[uWQTd�u5QpvsbMS�V^XeX\k��JvYX�b$VYd�u=�shsb$cWkW_�a»lmbgnpo8�[Q�t|u Ðb3 ¶ A ¶�¼��bgv?]`_�UWc�k~t|_ � VY_���Qpk�Xft|u�X��Xev^tj_���X\V|bgnTn vY_�nTU�t|QT_�c=�

Page 95: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

½g¾

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10.15

0.16

0.17

0.18

0.19

0.2

0.21

Cooling Rate α

Fin

al C

ost

average

minimum

maximum

PRQTS�UWVYX�­6� ¾ ¯ Z XeVE]`_�VYaMbgcWd\X�_g]¿z6Qpa�U�n�b$tYXek8qscWcWX�b$npQpc�S�]`_�V xybgv^Xfz�t�b$tYQp_�c�} _�d�b$tYQp_�c ��� t|Q�ºawQp��b)t|Qp_gc��j�� lnmpo)��ruo_{ v�t}��m rk� �½~Z{ |}x�v+�9mp¥ t}twm[vDxZ~Ztw¼ª¬]-À"Qpv&tY_gt�b$n6c�UWa���XeVR_g]-QTtYXeV|b)t|Qp_gcWv°tY_�VYU�c�t|uWX b$npS�_�V^QTtYuWa3bgcWk ´ t|uWXc�U�a���X\V¿_g]-kWQTvYd\VYX\tYXt|X\a � XeVYb$t|U�VYX�nTX\�gXenpv?Qpc5Xebgd�u¡VYUWc/�/t|uWX�npXec�Sgt|u i _g]�tYuWX�uW_gaM_�SgXecWX\_�UWv�Á�b$VYog_���d�u�bgQpc�v�bgvsv^X\t[t|_{��X i� À

´ à ­6�®¼�ÄP�_�V[t|uWQTv � V^_��WnpX\a ´ �bgv�d�uW_gvYXec5tY_8��X�Åg¶ à QH�ÆXg�?Åg¶wkWQT§�XeV^Xec�t?tYXea � X\V|b$tYUWVYX"�gb$npUWX\v�bgV^XvYX\npX\d\t|X\k=�[bgcWkÇQT]�À  ©�¶ � t|uWX\c iA ­$¶�¶�Ä���³ u�X�Qpc�QTt|QpbgntYXea � X\V|b$tYUWVYX�È � cWX\XekWv;tY_��X�uWQpSgu5XecW_gUWS�u=��ª¬t��bgv�kWX�t|XeV^aMQTcWXek¡���~��VYvEt�_���t|bgQpcWQTcWS i de_�vEt��$bgnpU�Xev?��Q�b;b � UWVYX\nT�V|b$cWkW_�a¤vYXebgVYd�u à h=l �[QTt|u Ð5 ©�ÄjbgcWk���c�kWQpcWSMt|uWXfv^t�b$cWk�bgV^k5kWX\��Qpb$t|QT_�c ¹Cû _g]�tYuWXev^Xi de_�vEt|vbgcWk8v^X\tYtYQpcWS"È �� ©�¶ ¹Cû ��³ uWXsde_�_�npQTcWS�vYd�uWX\kWUWnpXs�ybgv�d�uW_�v^Xec8t|_f��XsS�Xe_gaMX�t|VYQTdg¯

È < ��É�Âê��- È � LÆÊ Ã ­6�ÌË�Ä�[uWX\VYX �Ù- QpvytYuWX�de_�_�npQTcWS�V|b)t|Xg�ª¬]�tYuWX~d\_6_gnpQpc�S¡V|b$tYX ��- QTv{tY_6_7np_����(t|uWX\c¦t|u�X5z6QTa�UWnpb$t|X\k�qscWcWXebgnpQTcWS � VY_�deX\vYvM��_�UWnTk

Page 96: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

½�½S�_7kW_��[c¦tY_��\XeVY_7t|X\a � XeVYb$t|UWV^X ± U�Qpd�o�nT��bgc�k � XeV^]`_gVYaÍb£S�VYX\Xek���v^X�bgV^d�u=�µª¬]Î�_gc¦t|u�X_gtYuWXeV�uWbgcWk=� �Ù- Qpvjt|_�_8uWQTS�u=�-t|uWX�b$npS�_�V^QTtYuWa»�_gUWnpk5c�_gt�de_�_�n ± UWQpd�o�nT�~Xec�_�UWS�u£bgc�k5QTtYv��Xeu�b���Qp_�U�V[��_�UWnTk���X�aw_�VYX�nTQpogX�b{hjbgcWkW_gaÏl<b$npo8b$npS�_�V^QTtYuWaÐ�[QTt|u Ð8 ©���³°_MQTkWXec�tYQT]Ñ�t|u�Xs_ � t|Qpa�UWaÒ�$bgnTUWX[_g] ��- tYuWX?b$npS�_�V^QTtYuWa2�bgv(de_�a � bgV^Xek{]`_�V��$bgnpUWX\viV|bgcWSgQpcWS�]`VY_gaж�tY_© à ©�¶;VYUWc�v�]`_�V?Xebgd�u¡�gb$npUWX\v�Ä���³ uWX�c�UWa���X\V�_g](QTtYXeV|b)t|Qp_gcWvsÀ�]`_�V?tYuWQpvsde_�a � bgV^Qpv^_�c��bgvd�uW_�v^Xec;tY_���Xf©�¶�¶�¶���uWX\cWdeXjt|uWXjnpX\cWSgt|u�v�_g]/t|uWXjQpv^_gt|uWX\VYaMbgn�Á�bgV^og_��wd�u�bgQTcWv i< ­g¶��¿qsnpnVYU�cWv?b$VYX�de_�a � bgV^Xek�]`_�V t|uWX"v|b$aMX�Qpc�QTt|Qpbgn � _�QTc�tsQTcrt|uWX"vYXebgVYd�u~v � bgd\Xg�y³ u�XfV^XevYU�nTt|vsbgV^XvYu�_��[c~Qpcr��S�U�VYXf­6� ¾ �[uWQTd�u~v^uW_��[vstYuWX"b��gXeVYbgS�Xg�-awQpcWQTa�UWaÓbgcWkJaMb)�6Qpa�UWaÓ��c�bgn d\_�v^tYv]`_�ViX�b$d�u;�$bgnpUWX[_g] �Ù- �¿P-_gV(d\_�a � bgVYQTvY_�c/��t|uWXsb���XeVYbgS�X � X\V^]`_�V^a;bgc�deX[_g]=SgVYXeX\k��Mh=l �[QTtYuÐ8 ¶ à kWbgVYowkW_gt^t|Xek�nTQpcWXj�[QTt|u;de_�vEtj¶��T© ½ Ä���bgcWkr_g]&h=l �[QTt|u Ð; ¶6Ô®¶�¼ à � npbgQpc8nTQpcWX[�[QTtYude_gv^tj¶���©�­ ½ Ä�bgVYX�bgnTvY_�v^uW_��[c=�iq?v[X�� � Xed\tYXek=��]`_�Vnp_��²�gb$npUWX\v _g] �Ù- �-z�q � X\V^]`_�V^aMv b$��_�U6tbgvy��XenTn�bgv à �WU6tsc�_{��_�V^vYX�t|u�b$c-ÄS�VYX\Xek���v^X�bgV^d�u=�(P�_�V uWQpSgu8�gb$npUWX\v _g] ��- à S�V^X�b$tYXeVyt|uWbgc¶��ÌÕ�Ä���t|uWX � X\V^]`_�V^a;bgc�deXJkWX\tYXeVYQT_�V|b)t|XevMvYQTS�cWQT�Wd�bgc�t|n�����³ uWX�_ � t|QTa�UWaÖ�$bgnTUWX�]`_�Vw�[u�Qpd�uz6q � XeVE]`_�VYawvs��XenTn¿Qpvj]`_�UWcWk5tY_8��X �Ù- L ¶�Ô×­���Øs_��X���X\Ve��QTt?kW_6X\v�cW_gt�b �W� X�bgV?tYu�b$t"z�q� XeV^]`_gVYawv[bgc��r��X�tYtYXeV t|u�b$c�h=l �[Q�t|u Ð; ¶�Ô̶�¼��

�rÙ�+ Ú´Û�Ü�Ý�ÞwÜiß à�á¡â[Û Þ{Ý3ã�à�ä¡å ærÛ�à�Ü(â�ç

P�_�V t|uWQTv � VY_��WnTXea¨tYuWX�k�X\��cWQ�t|QT_�cf_$]��[uWQTd�u�aM_��gXev¿b$VYX(de_�cWv^QpkWX\VYX\k�³Rb$�WU�QTv ± UWQ�t|X(vYQTa � nTXg�³ uW_�v^XM�WbgvYXwv^t|b$t|QT_�c£np_�d�b$tYQp_�cWv�tYu�b$t���XeVYXwvYX\npX\d\t|X\k��[Q�t|uWQTc£tYuWXwn�bgvEt"è QTtYXeVYb$t|QT_�cWv�bgV^Xde_gcWvYQTkWXeV^Xek£³Rb$�WU=�=�[uWX\VYXwè QTv?t|u�X<é-ê�ëeìÇé�í�î�ì6ï|í��fxXev^QpkWX\v�t|uWX��$bgnTUWX�_g]�è<��bgcW_$t|uWX\VQpa � _�V^t|bgc�t � bgVYbgawX\t|X\V¿Qpc�³&bg�WUMz6XebgVYd�uwQpv&t|uWX �WVYbgcWd�uWQTcWS�]�bgd\tY_�V�b$t¿X�bgd�uwv^tYX � º�t|uWX v^Qp�\X_g]�t|u�X�¢ybgcWkWQTk�b$tYX�}�QTv^t Ì �6�[uWQpd�urkWX�t|X\VYawQpcWX\v uW_��´aMbgc��;c�XeQpSgu���_�V^v bgVYX?de_�cWv^QpkWX\VYX\k~b)tX�b$d�u~vEt|X � Qpcrt|u�X"v^X�bgV^d�u=�

Page 97: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

½ Õ

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200.15

0.16

0.17

0.18

0.19

0.2

0.21

0.22

Candidate List Size

Fin

al C

ost

initialCost = 0.32tt: 1

tt: 3

tt: 4

tt: 7

tt: 9

P&QpS�UWV^X"­6� ½ ¯ Z X\V^]`_�V^a;bgc�deX�_g]&³Rbg��U5z6XebgVYd�u�]`_�Vjxybgv^Xfz�t�b$tYQp_�c�} _�d�b$tYQp_�c ��� tYQpawQp�eb$t|QT_�c³°_�kWX�t|X\VYawQpcWXrt|u�XJX�§/X\d\tM_g]?tYuWXr�$bgnpUWX\v{_g]�è bgcWk�ð<_�cñt|uWX � XeV^]`_gVYaMbgcWdeX�_g]?³Rb$�WUz6XebgVYd�u=�&t|uWX;bgnpS�_gVYQTtYuWawv��X\VYX8d\_�a � bgVYX\k�]`_�V"kWQT§�XeV^Xec�t � bgV|bgawX\tYXeV��$bgnpUWX\ve��³ uWQTvf�bgvkW_�c�X]`_�V&tYuWXyvYbgaMX�QpcWQ�t|Qpbgn�v^t|bgV^tYQpcWS � _�QTc�tR]`_�V�©�¶?VYU�cWv¿X�b$d�u�de_�cWv^QpvEt|Qpc�S�_g]�©�¶�¶g¶j]`UWcWd�t|QT_�cX\�$bgnTU�b$tYQp_�cWv à t|u�X�c�U�a���X\V�_g](QTt|X\V|b$tYQp_�c�v�À ÂÖò�ó¥ó¥óô Ä���³ uWXwbgnpSg_�VYQ�t|uWawvs��XeV^Xwd\_�a � bgVYX\k]`_�V[è »õ ©���¼��WË�� ½ ��ö$÷�b$cWk~ð ÂÏõ ©���Å6��¼6�WËW��­6� ¾ � ½ �-Õ���ö6�=©�¶��-Å$¶$÷H� � cWX���_�UWnTk~X�� � Xed�tt|uWb$t8Q�]�t|uWX�³Rbg��U�³&X\c�U�VYX£è QpvMuWQpS�u/� S�QT�gXecÇtYuWX¡bg��_���X5kWX���cWQ�t|Qp_gcµ_g]�t|bg�WU�aw_��gXev\�t|u�X � XeVE]`_�VYaMbgcWd\X;��_�UWnpkñkWX�t|X\VYQp_gV|b$tYXg�<³ uWQTv{Qpv���XedebgUWvYXJQT][tYuWX8t|X\c�U�VYXJQpv�uWQTS�u=��t|u�XecQT]jt|u�XJc�X\�AxbgvYX�z�t�b)t|Qp_gc�np_�d�b$tYXek�b$t{vY_gaMX�QTtYXeVYb$t|QT_�c<Qpc�tYuWX�vYX�b$VYd�uÇQTvwb£Sg_6_�kñ_�cWXg�QTtj��_�c=øùt���Xfde_�cWv^QpkWX\VYX\k£]`_gVst|u�X�cWX���t�èÍS�X\cWXeVYb$t|X\k¡vY_�nTU�t|QT_�cWv à �[uWQTd�u¡a;b��~cW_gt?��X�b$vS�_�_6k�Ä���ª¥c£t|X\VYawv"_$]�tYuWX{d�bgcWk�Qpk�b$tYX�npQTv^t�v^Qp�eX{ð-��_�cWX�awQpS�u�t�X�� � X\d\t"t|u�b$t�tYuWXeV^X{��_�UWnTkvY_gaMX�QTa � V^_���XeawXec�tsbgvytYuWX�vYQp�\X�_g]&tYuWX�d�bgc�kWQpk�b)t|X�npQTv^t[QTcWdeV^X�bgv^Xev[vYQTcWdeX�_�cWX�debgc~��X\t^t|X\Vv|b$a � nTX?t|u�X�cWXeQTS�u���_�V^uW_�_6k8_$]°tYuWX�deU�VYVYX\c�t � _�QTc�tQpcr_�V^kWXeVytY_�kWX\tYXeV^aMQTcWX�b�S�_�_6k � _�QTc�tt|_{aw_���X�t|_W�³ uWXMVYXev^UWnTtYv�_g]t|uWXMX�� � X\VYQTaMX\c�tYv�bgV^X;v^uW_��[c<QpcmPRQpS�U�VYXM­6� ½ ��ª¬t�Qpv"_��Wv^XeVE��Xek<tYu�b$tfQpc6ºkWX\Xek£³Rb$�WU7z6X�b$VYd�u � XeV^]`_gVYawv?��Xev^t?]`_�VstYuWX�np_���XevEt � _gvYvYQT�WnpX"�$bgnpUWXf_g]�t|u�X�t�bg��U5t|Xec�UWV^X

Page 98: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

½ ö

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200.15

0.16

0.17

0.18

0.19

0.2

0.21

0.22

Candidate List Size

Fin

al C

ost

Tabu Tenure = 1

initialCost = 0.32avg

max

min

greedy

RW (p = 0.03)

PRQTS�UWVYXf­6�ÌÕ�¯ Z XeVE]`_�VYaMbgcWd\X�_g]R³Rb$�WU£z6XebgVYd�u�]`_gVsxbgvYX�z�t�b$tYQp_�c~} _6deb$t|QT_�c ��� t|QTaMQT��b$tYQp_�cà è  ©�Äà è  ©�Ä��b$cWk�t|uWX � X\V^]`_�V^a;b$cWdeX8�[Q�t|uñuWQpSguWXeV��$bgnTUWXev{_g]?è QTv�vY_�awX\�[uWX\VYXJ��X�t¥�X\Xect|u�X � XeVE]`_�VYaMbgcWd\X�_g]�S�VYX\Xek��5vYX�b$VYd�u�bgcWk�h l �[QTtYu8ú  ¶�Ô®¶g¼ à t|u�X{t¥��_Jk�bgvYu�Xek7npQpc�Xev�Ä�[uWQTd�u5b �W� X�b$V[tY_M��X�v^tYUWd�o�QpcJVYXenpb$t|Q���X\nT� � _�_�VYX\VjV^XeS�QT_�cWv QTcJtYuWXfv^X�bgV^d�u�v � bgdeX$� PRQTS�UWVYX­6�ÌÕ7v^uW_��[vMtYuWX � X\V^]`_�V^a;bgc�deXr]`_�V�t|uWQTv�t|Xec�UWV^X~�[Q�t|u�bgkWkWQ�t|QT_�c�bgnyk�X\t�b$Qpnpv�_gc�tYuWX~awQpc�Q�ºa�UWaûbgc�k�a;b)�6QTa�UWaü��cWbgnd\_�v^tf�gb$npUWX\v�_��Wv^XeV^�gXekñQpc7t|uWX�©�¶�VYU�cWve�¡P�UWVEt|uWX\Ve�R]`_gVft|u�Xd�b$vYX8�[uWX\VYXrè  ©g��³Rbg��U�z6X�bgV^d�u�QpvfvYXeX\c�t|_ � XeV^]`_gVYa � VY_gS�VYX\vYvYQ���X\nT����X�tYt|X\V�bgv�ð£QTvQpc�deVYXebgvYX\k=��VYXebgd�uWQTcWSwtYuWX���X\v^t � XeV^]`_gVYaMbgcWdeX�]`_gV[bwdebgcWkWQTk�b$t|X�nTQpvEt vYQT�eX�_g]�©�¶��

ýrÙ�þ Ú´Û�Ü�Ý�ÞwÜiß à�á¡â[Û Þ{ÝÒÿûÛ�á5Û�����â�����wÞwÜ��¿ç¡ß �

� QT��X\cMtYuWX?cWX\QpS�u���_�VYu�_6_�kMk�X\��cWQ�t|QT_�c;q à kWX\vYd\VYQp��Xek;Qpc;v^Xed�t|Qp_gc�­6�̼���t|uWX � bgV|b$aMX�t|XeV^v(]`_gV� XecWX�t|Qpd qsnpS�_gVYQTtYuWawv&t|uWb$tid�bgcwb$§�Xed�t � X\V^]`_�V^a;bgc�deX[bgV^Xyt|uWX t¥� � X[_g]�vYX\npX\d\t|QT_�c�UWv^Xek8b$cWkt|u�X�vYQT�eX�_$]¿t|uWX � _ � UWn�b)t|Qp_gcWvsQTc�Xebgd�u¡S�Xec�XeV|b)t|Qp_gc=�s³ u�VYXeXft¥� � Xev?_g]ivYX\npXed�t|QT_�c�awX\tYuW_6k�v��XeVYX"de_ga � b$VYXekr�[Q�t|uJX�bgd�uJ_gt|u�XeVe�i³ uWX\vYXfvYXenTXed�t|Qp_gc�tYXed�uWc�Q ± UWXev[��XeVYX"Qpa � nTXeawXec�t|X\k~b$v

Page 99: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

Õ�¶kWX\vYdeV^Qp��XekJQpc õ ¾�½ ÷�� õ ¾ Õ�÷H� õ ¾ ö$÷���³ uWX\vYXfbgVYX$¯

Z VY_ � _�VEt|QT_�c�bgn(z6X\npX\d\t|QT_�c=¯�qytfX�b$d�u�S�XecWX\V|b$tYQp_�c7t|uWX � V^_���bg�WQTnpQ�t¥�¡_g] v^XenpX\d\tYQpcWS�bgcQTcWkWQT��QTkWU�bgnid�uWV^_�aM_gvY_�awX8Qpc�t|uWX � _ � U�n�b$tYQp_�c7]`_�V�VYX � VY_�kWUWd�t|QT_�c<Qpv � VY_ � _�VEt|Qp_gc�bgntY_rQTt|vs�Wt|cWX\vYv��$bgnpU�Xg� � cWX � V^_��WnpX\a¸�[Q�t|u5t|u�Qpv�v^XenpX\d\tYQp_�c�tYXed�uWc�Q ± UWX{Qpv?tYu�b$t�Q�t�QTvcW_$t?QTc��$bgV^Q�bgc�t �[Q�t|u�V^Xev � X\d\t?tY_wtYuWX"vYd�b$npQpc�SM_g]&t|uWXfde_�vEt^ºH]`UWcWd\tYQp_�c�vj�[uWQTd�u�awX�bgc�vtYu�b$tjt|uWX"�Wt|cWX\vYv?]`U�cWd\tYQp_�c~a�UWv^t?��Xfb;v^d�bgnTXek�QTc���XeV^vYX�_$]¿t|uWXfde_�vEt?]`UWc�d\t|QT_�c=���R��º� _�cWX\c�tYQ�bgn/vYd�b$npQpc�S��ybgvjU�tYQpnpQT�eX\k8�[QTt|uJbgc�X�� � _�cWX\c�t?_g]�©�¶�¶6�

³°_�UWV^c�bgawXec�t�z6X\npX\d\t|QT_�c=¯5q�t|_�U�VYc�bgawXec�tMQpvMde_�cWk�UWd\tYXek���� � Qpd�o�QpcWS��{d�uWVY_gaM_$ºv^_�aMX\v Qpc;tYuWX � _ � UWnpb$t|QT_�c8b$t b�t|QpawX?VYbgcWkW_gaMn��;b$cWkrvYX\npXed�t|QTcWS�t|uWX���XevEt[d�uWVY_gaM_$ºv^_�aMXfbgaw_�cWS�t|u�_�vYX"]`_�V[VYX � VY_�kWUWd\tYQp_�c/�y³ uWQpv[t|_gUWVYc�b$aMX\c�tjQTvjV^X � X�b$tYXek5U�c�tYQpn t|u�XcWX���t�S�Xec�XeV|b)t|Qp_gcmd�b$c<��XMdeV^X�b$tYXek=�5³ u�X;t|_�U�VYc�bgawXec�tfvYQT�eX;t"�yb$v����6Xek<tY_5��X8ÅÃ���� î�êgï��<é��)ì�ï�î�ê��;í�î����=í! pí#"!� � �)î/Ä���³ uWQTv�vYX\npXed�t|QT_�c£vYd�uWX\aMXwQpv�v^d�bgnTQpcWSrQTc��gb$VYQ�b$c�tbgc�k~V^X ± UWQpV^Xev[cW_{vYdebgnpQTcWSW�

hjbgcWo�º¥�WbgvYX\k2z6XenTXed\tYQp_�c/¯¹ª¥c¨tYuWQpv�bgnpn�t|uWXmd�uWVY_�aw_�v^_�aMX\v5Qpc¨b � _ � UWn�b)t|Qp_gc¨bgV^XVYbgcWogX\k²bgded\_�VYk�QpcWSmtY_�tYuWXeQTVM�WtYcWXev^vrbgcWkÇtYuWX � V^_���bg��QpnpQ�t¥��_g]�v^XenpX\d\tYQpcWSmbmd�uWVY_)ºaw_�vY_gaMX{Qpv�aMbgkWX � V^_ � _gV^t|QT_�c�bgn¿tY_~Q�t|v"V|bgc�o�� � c�X � bgVYbgawX\t|X\V�]`_�V"hsbgc�o�º¬��bgv^Xekv^XenpX\d\tYQp_�c<QTv%$'&)(+*-,w�[uWQpd�u�QTv�kWX���cWX\kñtY_¡��Xwt|uWX;X�� � X\d\tYXek�c�U�a���X\V�_g][_g§�v � VYQpc�S_g]&t|uWX"��Xev^tsd�uWV^_�aM_gvY_�awX�Qpc�t|uWX � _ � UWn�b)t|Qp_gc=�(P-_gV[tYuWX"X�� � X\VYQTaMX\c�tYvsu�XeVYX$��$'&�(.*/,�bgv�b$vYvYQTS�cWX\k�t|uWX��$bgnpU�XM©��®­{�[u�Qpd�u�QTv?b{t¥� � Qpdebgn �gb$npUWX$� � c�X � _gt|X\c�tYQ�bgn � VY_��WnTXea�[Q�t|u~hsbgc�o�º¬��bgv^Xek5v^XenpX\d\tYQp_�cJQpv t|uWb$tjQpcJvY_�awXfv^XecWv^XftYuWX�X��Wb$d\tj�gb$npUWX�_g]&t|uWX"de_�vEt]`UWc�d\t|QT_�cWv¿]`_�VRX�bgd�uwvY_�nTU�t|QT_�c�QTv¿QpS�c�_�VYX\k=�&l²uWQTnpXtYuWQpv�QTv¿UWv^X\]`UWnW]`_�VR_��10^Xed�t|Q���X ]`UWcWd�ºtYQp_�cWvs�[uWXeV^X{tYuWX�X���bgd�t�de_�vEt��$bgnpUWX\v�bgVYX�cW_gt�X�b$v^�5tY_r_���t�b$Qpc=��QTt�d\_�UWnpk¡V^Xev^UWnTt�QTcv^UW�6º¥_ � t|QTa;bgn � X\V^]`_�V^a;b$cWdeX��[uWX\c~tYuWX�X���bgd\tjd\_�v^t[�$bgnpU�XevjbgVYX�o�cW_��[c=�

Page 100: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

Õ�©

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

0.16

0.18

0.2

0.22

0.24

0.26

0.28

0.3

0.32

Population Size

Fin

al C

ost

initialCost = 0.28 Proportional Selection

Tournament Selection

Rank−based Selection

Greedy

RW (p=0.03)

PRQTS�UWVYX�­6�®ö6¯ Z X\V^]`_�V^a;bgc�deX{_g] � X\cWX\tYQpd�q?nTS�_�V^QTt|u�aMv[]`_�V�xybgv^XMz�t�b$tYQp_�c£} _�d�b$tYQp_�c ��� t|Q�ºawQp��b)t|Qp_gcq?c�_gt|uWX\V�]�bgd\tY_�V�t|u�b)tfdebgc7Qpc32�U�XecWd\X{tYuWX � X\V^]`_�V^a;b$cWdeX�_g] � X\cWX\tYQpd�qsnpS�_�V^QTtYuWaMvsQpv�t|u�XvYQT�eXj_g]=tYuWX � _ � UWnpb$t|QT_�c=�&PRQpSgUWVYXs­6�Ìöfv^uW_��[v bfd\_�a � bgVYQTvY_�cw_g]=tYuWX?b��gXeV|b$S�X � XeVE]`_�VYaMbgcWd\X� XecWX�t|Qpdjq?nTS�_�V^QTt|u�aMvR]`_gV(tYuWXjtYuWVYX\Xsk�QT§�XeVYX\c�tyvYX\npX\d\t|QT_�c{t|Xed�u�cWQ ± UWX\v bgcWkw]`_�V � _ � UWn�b$tYQp_�cvYQT�eXr�$bgnpU�Xev{_g]5476 ÂÖõ ©�¶6�y¼�¶��­g¶$÷��ñq?nTn VYUWcWv{��XeVYXJde_gcWkWUWd�t|Xek¦]`_�Vr©�¶�¶�¶¡d\_�v^tw]`UWcWd�ºt|QT_�cJX\�$bgnpUWb$t|QT_�cWve�ª¬t?QTvs_���vYXeVE��X\k5t|u�b$t?hjbgcWo�º¥��b$vYXek5z6XenTXed�t|Qp_gc � XeV^]`_gVYawv ± UWQ�t|X � _�_�V^nT�à b$cWk � XeV^]`_gVYawvst|u�X�v|b$aMX"]`_�V?b$npn t|uWV^XeX � _ � U�n�b$tYQp_�cJvYQT�eXevst|XevEt|X\k-Ä��/�[u�QpnpX"³°_�UWVYcWbgaMX\c�tz6X\npXed�t|QT_�c � XeVE]`_�VYawvftYuWX;��XevEt�_g]ytYuWXMtYuWVYX\X8vYX\npXed�t|QT_�cmt|X\d�uWcWQ ± U�Xeve�~l²QTt|um��_gtYum³°_�UWVκc�bgawXec�tjbgc�k Z V^_ � _gV^t|QT_�c�bgn/z6X\npXed�t|QT_�c8t|uWX � XeVE]`_�VYaMbgcWd\X�vYX\Xeawvyt|_{kWX\tYXeV^Qp_�VYb$t|X�nTQpcWXebgVYn���[QTtYu�QTcWdeV^X�bgv^QpcWS � _ � U�n�b$tYQp_�c�vYQT�eX"�[QTt|u~t|uWXf��X\v^t � XeVE]`_�VYaMbgcWd\X�b$t�bw�$bgnTUWXf_$][©�¶�� � c�XX�� � npbgc�b$tYQp_�c�]`_�V¿tYuWQpviQTv¿t|u�b$t(v^QpcWd\X[��XsbgVYX[de_ga � b$VYQpc�Sfb$npn�tYuWXjbgnpS�_gVYQTtYuWawv&]`_�V�t|u�XjvYbgawXc�UWa���XeV _g]&de_gv^t[X\�$bgnTU�b$tYQp_�cWv à ©�¶g¶�¶�Ä���t|uWX�c�UWa���XeV _$]&SgXecWX\V|b$tYQp_�cWv�8  ò�ó¥ó¥ó9;:=< vyvYaMbgnpn?>/@�[u'>\c�tYu'>rv < �/>BA�Cjt|u'> � A �'D nFE$t < AHG < v�u <?I u'>/@\�m³ u < v�v D I�I >evEt|v�t|u�E)t�t|u'> � >/@.CJAH@LKME�G'N>A�C(t|u'> � >/G'>�t < N�qsn I A�@ < tYu'Kwv < K � @LA���>ev�n < G'>-E�@^nT�J� < tYu£tYu'>OG D K��P>/@QA�C I >/G'>@RE$t < AHGWvSCJA�@t|u3>evL>�t¥�TAMvU>enV>N\t < AHG�vLN�u3>/KW>eve��E$t[n?>-EgvEtXCJAH@yt|u'>���@^v^t"©�¶�¶g¶YC D G'N\t < AHGZ>\�[Egn D E$t < AHGWv\�

Page 101: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

Õ�ÅýrÙ#\ ]ÓÞwß ^5à�Ü�-�RÞwá Þ{Ý_�`�/�{ÞMÜ��¿ç¡ß �

³Xa'>�b <?c >/@U>/GedgfL>-E[@LN#ahdL>/N#a'G < ± D >/fjik>@L>ml'@LfUdgN/A�KMn�E[@L>/boi < dLah>/E�N#ahA�dLa'>/@ZCJAH@pdLa'> < @nP>/@UCJA�@LKME�G'N/>qAHGjdRa'>7n'@LAHr3sV>/K D f < G I dRa3>%rP>/fUd�n�E�@LE�KM>!dR>@LftCJ@UAHKudRa3>%n'@U>v < A D ft>�w3nP>/@κ< KW>/GedLf/x7y <VI D @L>{­zx|{�¶ < f5Epr�E�@5N#a�E[@UdQN/A�KMn�E[@ < G I dRa'>YnP>/@.CJAH@LKME�G'N>}A�CT~�E�G'b'AHK���E[sV�i < dLawú  ¶ à � @L>>/b3�g�1>-E�@UN#a-Ä!��~tE[G'b'AHKu��E�sV�Mi < dRa{ú  ¶�Ô̶�¼3�P� < K D sVE[dR>bZ��G'G'>/E�s < G I �³�E�r D �1>-E�@UN#a��'E�G3b � >/G'>!d < N���s I AH@ < dRa3KMfx°³Xa3>/fL>SE�s I A�@ < dLa'KWf�E�@L>�N/A�KMn�E[@L>/bWCJAH@��t> <VI a6ºrPAH@La'A1A1b�b'>!l�G < d < AHGg� à dRa'>7b'>C�E D s?dtG'> <?I a�r�AH@Ua'A1Azb-Ä���E[G'b�>-E[N#a�i�E�f�@ D G�{�¶Wd < KM>f�CJA�@{�¶3�̶�¶�¶�C D G'Nd < AHG�>v[E�s D E[d < AHG'fx�³Xa'>Yl I D @L>YfUa'A�i�fqdLa'>YK�E�w < K D Kj��E-vH>@RE I >�E�G3b�K < G < ºK D K�l�G�E�s�NAHfUdQv[E�s D >/f5AHr3dRE < G3>/b�re��>-E�N#a�fL>/E�@LN#a�dR>/N#a3G < ± D >[xM�m>WA�r'fL>@UvH>Ol�@UfUdQdRa�E�dE�s?szdR>N#a'G < ± D >/f�n'@LA�v < b'>X@UA D I a3s?�qdRa'>�fRE[KM>�nP>/@.CJAH@LKME�G'N>�dRa'A D I aYdRa'>X@U>/f D s?dLf�A[C � @L>>/b3��z>/E�@LN#a�fLa3A�i�Epa <VI a�v�E[@ < E[G'N/> < G'b < N-E[d < G I dRa�E[d < dSa'E�fQE�dR>G'b'>/G3N��dRA I >dSdL@RE�n'nP>/b < GsVA1N-E[s�K < G < KME3x���s?fLAWdRa'>7K < G < K D K�l�G�E�s�v[E�s D >/f�A�r3d#E < G'>/bgre��E�s?s�A�C�dRa3>/K < G�{�¶M@ D G'fE�@U>WG3>-E�@Us?� < b3>/Ged < N-E�s�xw³Xa3>MnP>/@.CJAH@LKME�G'N>WA[C�� < K D sFE�dR>/b��tG'G'>-E[s < G I rPA�dLa < G�dL>/@LKWfQA�Cv[E�@ < E�G'N>SE�G'bBKW>-E[G < fTr�>!dLdR>@kdRa'E�G � @L>/>b3�p�z>-E�@UN#aZr D dXfUs <VI a�dLs?�YiTAH@LfU>�dRa'E�GZ~tE[G'b'AHK��E�sV�qi < dRa�ú  ¶�Ô̶�¼3�Hi�a < N#a < GYd D @UGWE�n'nP>-E�@Uf�fUs <?I aedRs?�qiTAH@LfU> � >/G'>!d < NX��s I AH@ < dRa'Kjx�³Xa'>nP>/@UCJA�@LKME�G'N/>�A�C°³�E�r D �1>-E�@UN#a < f�AHr'fU>/@.vH>/bZdRAYrP>SdRa3>5r�>fUd�A�C�dRa3>/KuE[sVs���rPA�dRa < GpdR>@LKWfA�C�E-vH>/@LE I >Ql�G�E�s�N/AHf.d�E[G'bjv[E�@ < E�G3N/>�x

 �d�i�E[f�A�r'fL>@UvH>b�dRa'E[dXdRa'>q~�E�G'b'A�K¡��E�sV�M��s I AH@ < dRa'KWf à rPA�dLaZCJA�@ � @U>/>/bz�j�z>-E[@LN#a�E[G'bCJAH@¿ú  ¶�Ô̶�¼�ÄTdL>/G'b3>/bZdRAOfL>!dLdRs?>Qb'A�i�GjdLAWfUAHs D d < A�G'f ± D < dL>Q>-E�@Us?� < GpdRa'>QfU>-E�@UN#a�E�G'bZG'A[dKWA�v�>SCJ@LAHK¢dRa3>/@L>[x�� < G3N/>SdRa < f < fTikE�fUdL>C D s£A�C�C D G3Nd < AHGp>!v�E[s D E[d < AHG�N-E�s?sVf/�1AHG'>QE[n'n'@LAHE�N#a< f�dRA}@U>�º�fUd#E[@UdkdLa < fkE�s I AH@ < dRa'K¤CJ@UAHK¥E%@RE[G'b'AHKWs?� I >G'>/@LE[dR>bBn�A < Ged < GMdRa3>SfL>/E�@LN#aZfLn'E�N/>[x³Xa < ftikE�fSb'AHG3>7CJAH@�~£�¦�PKWAzb < C§� < G I dRa3>/K�fLA�dLa�E[d�dRa'>!��@U>�º)f.d#E�@.d < C�G'ApN#a�E[G I > < G�dRa3>N D @L@L>GedtnPA < G�d < f�fU>/>GjCJAH@kKMAH@U>�dRa'E�G~­g¶ < dL>/@RE�d < A�G'f/x¿³Xa3>5K D s?d < º�fUd#E[@Udk~£� E�s I AH@ < dRa'KWfiT>/@L>pdLa'>/G¨NAHKWn�E�@L>b�i < dLa©�z�%�&³���E�G'b � � à E I E < GmCJAH@M{�¶�@ D G'f�Ä�x¡³Xa < f < f%fU>/>/G < G

Page 102: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

Õ�¼

1 2 3 4 50

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

Algorithms: Greedy, RW (p = 0.03), SA, TS, GA

Fin

al C

osts

initialCost = 0.28

maxavgmin

y <?I D @L>M­zx|{�¶�¯}ªkAHKWn�E�@ < fLAHG�A�CX�z>-E�@UN#a���s I AH@ < dRa3KMfSCJAH@q«�E[fL>B��d#E[d < AHGm¬£AzN/E[d < AHGm­5nzd < ºK <V® E�d < A�Gy <?I D @L>j­1x?{H{�x¿³Xa < fNsV>-E[@Ls?� < KWn'@LA�v�>/fdRa'>�n�>@UCJAH@UK�E[G'N/>�A�C � @U>/>b3�M�z>-E[@LN#a à >vH>G�dRAQdRa3>nPA < GedSA[C�E�fLKME�sVs < KMn'@UA�vH>/KW>/Ged�A�v�>/@Q~�� i < dLa;ú  ¶�Ô̶�¼�Ä�i�a < N#a < ftG'A�i¯N/AHKWn�E�@LE�r'sV>dRAmdRa'>gn�>@UCJAH@UK�E�G3N/>gi < dRa � ��E�G'b°rP>dLdL>/@WdRa�E�G°�z�%x�³�E�r D �z>-E[@LN#a���a'A�ik>!vH>@/��fUd < sVsA c >/@Uf�dLa'>Qr�>fUd�nP>/@UCJA�@LKME�G'N/>[xy <VI D @L>"­zx|{�Å%fUa'A�i�f�AHG'>5fLE�KWn'sV>5@ D GgA[C�>/E�N#a�E[s I AH@ < dLa'KN/A�KMn�E[@ < G I dLa'>qr�>fUdSNAHfUd�dRAWb�E[dL>qv1fxXG D K}r�>@tA[C�C D G'N!d < AHG�>!v�E[s D E[d < AHG3f/x� )GgdRa < f�@ D G��³���E�G3b � �=n'@LA�v < b3>7dRa3>%rP>/fUd�l�G�E�s�N/AHf.d�i�a < sV>7E�sVs£dLa'>%A�dLa'>/@tN/AHGev�>/@ I >}dRApE[r�A D d�dRa3>fRE[KM>Sl�G'E�s£N/AHf.d-�'i�a < N#a < f�fUd < sVs ± D < dR>5NsVAHfU>5dRAYdRa�E�dtA�r3d#E < G'>/bZre�r³���x

ýrÙ#± ²´³�Û�â���Þ{ݶµÖÛ5��Mç�ämÞwÜiç5ÞrÞZ· ¸ Û�¹7á�����\ÞMá

��f�b3>/fLN@ < r�>bWrP>CJA�@L> < G}N#a�E�n3dL>/@�Ë'�[dRa'>Xb'>!l�G < d < A�G}A�CPG'> <?I a�r�A�@La'A1Azb D fL>b < G%dRa3>XfL>-E[@LN#an'@UAzN>/b D @U>ON-E�G�E c >/N!dQn�>@UCJAH@UK�E�G3N/>�xf³�A < G�v�>/f.d <VI E[dR>%dLa < fSC D @UdRa3>/@/�£>�wzn�>@ < KW>/GedLfQiT>/@U>

Page 103: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ÕgË

1 2 3 4 50

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

Algorithms: Greedy, RW (p = 0.03), SA, TS, GA

Fin

al C

osts

initialCost = 0.28

maxavgmin

y <?I D @L>M­zx|{H{�¯}ªkAHKWn�E�@ < fLAHG�A�CX�z>-E�@UN#a���s I AH@ < dRa3KMfSCJAH@q«�E[fL>B��d#E[d < AHGm¬£AzN/E[d < AHGm­5nzd < ºK <V® E�d < A�G à i < dRa~Á D s|d < º�fUdRE�@Ud�~�E�G'b3AHK���E�sV�6ÄnP>/@UCJA�@LKW>/bgdLA�NAHKMn'E�@L>QdRa'>qnP>/@UCJA�@LKME�G'N/>qA�C�>/E�N#a�fU>-E�@UN#a�dR>/N#a3G < ± D >%CJA�@�A[dRa'>@�G'> <VI a6ºrPAH@La'A1A1bYb'>l�G < d < AHG'fx�y <?I D @L>fi­zx|{�¼sº&­zx|{�­�fUa'A�iºdRa3>X@L>/f D s?dLf�A�C D d < s <V®< G I G'> <VI a�rPAH@La'A1A1bb'>!l�G < d < AHG�« à fL>>MfU>/N!d < A�G<­zx̼�Ä�i < dLa�v[E�@.� < G I v[E�s D >fQA�C�4�»¶dRa'>Wn'@UAHr�E�r < s < d)��A�Ck¼HK D ºd#E�d < G I ¼¨AH@B2 < n3n < G I >/E�N#ahr < d-xгXa3>�dLa'@L>>�l I D @L>f�E[@L>�CJAH@Z4�»  ¶3x̶�¶3{H�?¶3x®¶z{mE[G'b¶3x|{}@L>fLnP>/N!d < v�>/s|�HxS )G'N@L>/E�f < G I dRa'>7n'@LA�r�E�r < s < d)�pA�CK D dRE[d < AHG�KME���>f�dRa3>%G'> <VI a�rPAH@La'A1A1bKWAH@L>t@RE�G'b3AHKgx��oa'>/GZ4�»  ¶�Ô|{H�zCJA�@k>!w3E�KWn's?>��zdLa'>/@U> < fkE}AHG'> < GBE%dL>/GBn'@UAHr�E�r < s < d)�YA�CN#a�E�G IH< G I >/E�N#aOr < d < GYAHG'>kfUdR>nWi�a < N#aOKM>/E�G'f�dLa�E[d�G3> <VI a1rPAH@ < G I nPA < G�dLf�i < s?s3AHGOE-v�>/@RE I >b <|c >@�re��E�rPA D d�­�r < dLf à ¶3x?{qw7­z{�Ä�x5y�AH@�>/E�N#a�4�»½dRa'>}E�s I A�@ < dLa'KWf�iT>/@U>O@ D G¨{�¶Wd < KW>/fCJAH@5{�¶z�®¶�¶g¶YC D G'Nd < AHGZ>v[E�s D E[d < AHG'fx³Xa'>�@L>f D s|dRfgE�@L> < GedR>@L>fUd < G I x�y;A�@g4�»  ¶6Ô®¶�¶z{H�5E�fZfL>>/G < G½l I D @L>m­zx|{�¼3��iT>�l�G'bdRa'E[dti�a < sV>�³�E�r D �z>-E�@UN#a�f.d < s?s£n'@LA�v < b3>/f�dRa'>qr�>fUd�A�v�>/@LE�sVs£@U>/f D s?dRf�PdLa'>qn�>@UCJAH@UK�E�G3N/>QA�C� < K D sFE�dR>/b�a�E[f7rP>/>G < KWn'@LA�v�>/b�NAHG'f < b'>@RE�r's|�H��K�E[� < G Ij< dQnP>/@UCJA�@LK¾>v�>/G¨rP>dUdR>/@QdRa'E�G

Page 104: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

Õ�­

100

101

102

103

104

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

initialCost = 0.284

Cost function Evaluations

Cos

t

Greedy (multistart)RW (p = 0.03, multistart)SATSGA

y <?I D @L>M­zx|{�Å6¯}ªkAHKWn�E�@ < fLAHG�A�CX�z>-E�@UN#a���s I AH@ < dRa3KMfSCJAH@q«�E[fL>B��d#E[d < AHGm¬£AzN/E[d < AHGm­5nzd < ºK <V® E�d < A�G à {7�3E�KWn's?>Q~ D G�Ä� �%x¿³Xa'>j~�E�G'b'A�K���E�sV��E�s I A�@ < dLa'KWf%E�@U>BfL>>/G¿dLA�n�>@UCJAH@UKÀ@RE�dRa'>@Yn�A1AH@Ls|�Hx�³Xa < f < fnP>/@La'E�n'f�b D >SdRA%dLa'>S@L>fUdL@ < N!d < vH>SG�E�d D @U>SA�C£dRa3>SG'> <?I a�r�A�@La'A1AzbMb'>l'G < d < AHGMº�CJAH@TdLa < fTsVA�iv[E�s D >YA�C�4�»���A�G's?��AHG'> < G�d)iTAgG3> <VI a1rPAH@UfQi < sVs�b <?c >/@5re��EBr < d-x�³Xa < fQKM>/E�G'fSdRa3>/@L> < fE I @L>/E[dR>@�N#a'E�G'N/>qCJAH@�dRa3>%~�E�G'b'A�K���E[sV�BE�s I AH@ < dRa3KMf�dRAWr�>QfUd D N#� < GgEWfUK�E[sVs�[email protected] < A�GA�C�dRa'>QfU>-E�@UN#a�fLn'E�N/>qE�G'bjn'@UA�v < b'>QsVA1N-E�s?s?�WAHn3d < KME�s�fUAHs D d < A�G'f/x«k>N-E D fL>QdRa'>7� < K D sFE�dR>/b��G3G'>-E�s < G I E�s I AH@ < dRa'K I A1>/f�dRa'@UA D I a�Ep@RE�G'b3AHKÁi�E�s?�ji�a3>/G�dRa3>%dR>KMnP>/@LE[d D @U> < fta <VI a< G < d < E�sVs|�H� < d < fBE�r3sV>gdLA�sVA1N-E�dR> I AzA1bÂ@L> IH< A�G'fpA�C5dLa'>�fLn�E[N/>�i�a < N#a < dp>�wzn'sVAH@U>/fBKWAH@L>I @U>/>/b < s?�5E�f�dLa'>dR>/KWnP>/@RE�d D @U>�NAzA�sVf�b'A�i�G%dRA ® >@LA'x&³�E[r D fU>-E�@UN#a < f�fUd < s?s�E�r'sV>�dLAtnP>/@.CJAH@LKiT>/sVs5rP>/N/E D fU>�dLa'>�d#E�r D s < fUdBb < @L>NdLf < dZA D djA�C7n�A1AH@B@U> IH< AHG'f/xгXa3>�~�E�G'b'A�K ��E[sV�E�s I AH@ < dRa'KWf5nP>/@UCJA�@LKÃr�>!dLdL>/@YE�f%4�» < f < G'N@L>/E�fL>b���E�G'bÄE[f%fL>>/G < Gml I D @L>/f�­zx?{�¼3��­zx|{�¼3�dRa3> < @qnP>/@UCJA�@LKME�G'N/> < fqN/A�KMn�E[@RE�r's?>YdRAZdRa'>MA�dRa'>@}E�s I AH@ < dRa3KMfxp~�>/sFE�d < v�>YdRAgdLa'>�A[dRa'>@E�s I AH@ < dRa'KWf/��� < K D sVE[dR>b7�tG'G'>/E�s < G I nP>/@.CJAH@LKWf�K D N#a%rP>dUdR>@�E[d�4�»  ¶�Ô?{��[n'@UA�v < b < G I dRa3>

Page 105: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

Õ ¾sVA�iT>/f.d}E-vH>@RE I >Wl�G'E�s�N/AHf.d-xW��G'A[dRa'>@7@U>/f D s?dQAHr'fU>/@.vH>/b < f5dRa�E�df³�E�r D �z>/E�@LN#amn'@LA�v < b'>fEpfLs <VI aedLs?�ZikA�@LfL>Yl�G'E�s�N/A�fUd5CJAH@�dLa < ftv�E[s D >}A[C�4�»_r D d < G�dRa3>}dR>/G�@ D G'fQAHr'fU>/@Uv�>/b���dRa3>l�G�E[s�NAHfUdtAHr3dRE < G3>/bjfLa'A�i�f�s < dUdRsV>�AH@�G'AMv[E�@ < E�G'N>�x�³Xa'>/fU>%@L>f D s|dRf�b'>/KWAHG'f.dR@LE[dR>qN/s?>-E�@Us?�dRa3>Yb'>/nP>/G'b3>/G'N>MA�CdLa'>Yn�>@UCJAH@UK�E[G'N/>}A[CTfU>-E�@UN#a�E[s I AH@ < dLa'KMf�AHG�dRa3>Yb'>l�G < d < AHG�A�C�dRa3>G'> <VI a�rPAH@La'A1A1bpCJAH@�E I�< vH>GZn'@LAHr3sV>/Kjx

 )G�N#a�E[n3dR>@�Ë'��iT>pE�@ I D >b�dRa�E[dqi�a'>G�dRa'>pG3> <VI a1rPAH@Ua'AzA1b < f%NAHKWn'sV>!dR>/s|��@RE[G'b'AHK < xÅ>�xÆ Ã§Ç Ä Â 6�È.É Ç=Ê 6��kE�sVs�E�s I AH@ < dRa3KMf%iTA D s?b¿n3@LA�v < b'>ZdRa'>jfRE[KM>jn�>@UCJAH@UK�E[G'N/>[xdzXa < f> c >/N!d}ikE�f%vH>@ < l�>/bÄre� D d < s <V®< G I �t> <VI a�rPAH@La3AzA1b¨ª à b3>/fLN@ < r�>b < G�fU>/N!d < A�G�­zx®¼�Ä!x�y <VI ºD @U>�­zx|{ ¾ fLa'A�i�f�dLa'>%@U>/f D s?dtA�C�NAHKMn'E�@ < G I dLa'>%fU>-E�@UN#a�E�s I AH@ < dRa'KWf�CJAH@Q{�¶3�̶�¶�¶YC D G'N!d < AHG>v[E�s D E[d < AHG'f�CJAH@S{�¶}@ D G'fX>/E�N#a�x��fXn'@U>/b < NdL>/bBdRa'>5nP>/@.CJAH@LKME�G'N> < fkG'>-E�@Us?� < b'>G�d < N/E�sPCJA�@E�s?s�E�s I AH@ < dRa3KMfCJAH@TdLa < fkG'> <?I a�r�AH@Ua'A1Azb�x� �d < fXE[[email protected]'A�d < G I dRa�E[dkdRa'>Sl�G'E�s�NAHfUd < GE�s?s�@ D G'fXi�E�f�E�rPA D dj¶zx×Å ½ �3f <?I G < l�N-E�GedLs?��iTAH@UfL>5dRa�E[GZdLa'>Qn�>@UCJAH@UK�E[G'N/>SCJAH@kKMAH@U>5fUdL@ D N�ºd D @L>/b���sVA1N-E�s <V® >/b��;G'> <VI a�rPAH@La'A1A1b�fLN#a3>/KW>/f/x�³Xa < fSfUa'A�i�fSdRa�E[d�fL>/E�@LN#a�E�s I AH@ < dRa'KWf�i < dLa@L>/E�fLA�G�E�r's?>7G'> <VI a�rPAH@La3AzA1bgfUN#a'>/KW>/f�b'A�n'@UA�v < b'>qK D N#a�rP>dUdR>/@t@L>f D s|dRf�dRa�E�Gg@RE�G3b'AHKWs?�fRE[KMn's < G I dRa'>Qn'@UAHr'sV>KufLn'E�N/>[x

ýrÙ�Ë5Ì ÍÂ��á5à%�¨ærÞW��å����eÞwá

ÎXa'>�r�>fUd�A�vH>@RE�s?s�fLAHs D d < AHG < GYdRa3>/fL>t>!wznP>/@ < KM>GedRf�i�E[f�CJA D G'b D f < G I Î�E�r D �z>-E[@LN#a à i < dLad#E[r D dR>G D @L>B{%dLa'>}f <?® >}A[CN-E�G'b < b�E[dL>%s < fUd%{�Ï�Ä�E�G'b���> <VI a1rPAH@Ua'AzA1b�d)�1nP>}�%x�ÎXa'>}l�G�E�sN/A�fUdpA[C�dRa < fWfLAHs D d < AHG©ikE�f�Ï3x?{�Ð�Ñ�E�G3b < dWNAH@L@U>/fLnPAHG'b3f�dRA¿{�Ïm«kE�fL>gfUd#E�d < A�G'fMA c >@ < G IÕHÒ3xÌÕ�ÅHÓuNA�v�>/@LE I >OA�C�dRa3>YE�@L>/E3xQÎXa < f�G'>-E�@+Ô)AHnzd < KME�s�fLA�s D d < AHG < fSfUa'A�i�G < G�l I D @L>OÐzx|{�ÕzxÎXa'>7N/@LA�fLfL>f à < G�@L>b-Ä < G'b < N-E[dL>qdLa'>%nPAHf < d < AHG'f�A�C�dLa'>7l'G�E�s�r�E�fL>7fUdRE[d < AHG'f/x�Ö�A < GedRf�dRa�E�dE�@U>XG'A�dN/A�v�>/@L>bpE�@U> < G'b < N-E�dR>/bYre�}dLa'>�r'sFE[N#�}E�@U>-E�f�Hi�a < s?>kCJAH@�dRa3>XA�dRa'>@N/A�vH>@L>/b�E�@L>/E�f/�

Page 106: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ÕeÕ

1 2 3 4 50

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.2

Algorithms: Greedy, RW (p = 0.03), SA, TS, GA

Fin

al C

osts

initialCost = 0.28

Pm = 0.001

maxavgmin

y <?I D @L>MÐzx|{�Ñ3×}ªkAHKWn�E�@ < fLAHG�A�CX�z>-E�@UN#a���s I AH@ < dRa3KMfSCJAH@q«�E[fL>B��d#E[d < AHGm¬£AzN/E[d < AHGm­5nzd < ÔK <V® E�d < A�G�Ø���> <VI a1rPAH@Ua'AzA1bZ«��;4�»©ÙhÏ3ÚÛÏHÏ3{�Ü

1 2 3 4 50

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

Algorithms: Greedy, RW (p = 0.03), SA, TS, GA

Fin

al C

osts

initialCost = 0.27

Pm = 0.01

maxavgmin

y <?I D @L>MÐzx|{-Ý'×}ªkAHKWn�E�@ < fLAHG�A�CX�z>-E�@UN#a���s I AH@ < dRa3KMfSCJAH@q«�E[fL>B��d#E[d < AHGm¬£AzN/E[d < AHGm­5nzd < ÔK <V® E�d < A�G�Ø���> <VI a1rPAH@Ua'AzA1bZ«��;4�»©ÙhÏ3ÚÛÏ3{�Ü

Page 107: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ÞHÞ

dRa3>5N/A�vH>@RE I > < f < G'b < N-E�dR>/b�r��pN/AHs?AH@LfT@RE�G I�< G I CJ@UAHK�r3s D >OØJn�A < GedRf�NA�vH>/@U>/bjre��{Q«X�'Ü�dLA�H>sVs?A�i�Ø�nPA < G�dLfXN/A�vH>@L>b�re�gÐYA�v�>/@LsVE�n'n < G I «X�'Ü�x

Page 108: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

Þ ö

1 2 3 4 50

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

Algorithms: Greedy, RW (p = 0.03), SA, TS, GA

Fin

al C

osts

initialCost = 0.32

Pm = 0.1

maxavgmin

y <?I D @L>MÐzx|{�Ðz×}ªkAHKWn�E�@ < fLAHG�A�CX�z>-E�@UN#a���s I AH@ < dRa3KMfSCJAH@q«�E[fL>B��d#E[d < AHGm¬£AzN/E[d < AHGm­5nzd < ÔK <V® E�d < A�G�Ø���> <VI a1rPAH@Ua'AzA1bZ«��;4�»©ÙhÏ3Ú|{�Ü

1 2 3 4 50

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

Algorithms: Greedy Search, RW (p = 0.03), SA, TS, GA

Fin

al C

osts

maxaveragemin

y <?I D @L>MÐzx|{�Ò3×}ªkAHKWn�E�@ < fLAHG�A�CX�z>-E�@UN#a���s I AH@ < dRa3KMfSCJAH@q«�E[fL>B��d#E[d < AHGm¬£AzN/E[d < AHGm­5nzd < ÔK <V® E�d < A�G�Ø���> <VI a1rPAH@Ua'AzA1bjªXÜ

Page 109: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

öHÏ

y <VI D @L>qÐzx|{�Õz׫T>/fUdty < G�E�s��zAHs D d < A�GpCJAH@�«�E�fU>%��d#E[d < AHGj¬£AzN/E[d < AHGZÖ�@LAHr3sV>/K

Page 110: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ß à á�â ãmä¯å æ

ç è£é ä=ê ë ähãBì í�å¨î ï í�â íñð�íóò�ô

õ â ã è�ö è�÷ áøã è íñù

úZû�Ë ü�ýp��þÿZ·����X���ÿMý

��G3A�dRa'>@�n'@UAHr'sV>K¥i�a3>/@L>SdLa'> D fLE I >SA�C�fU>-E�@UN#ajdL>/N#a'G <�� D >/f < f�b'>f < @LE�r's?> < f < G�dLa'>�dRA�n�A[ÔsVA IH< N/E�s�b'>f <VI G�A�C�dLa'>7lzw3>bÄØJi < @L>b;Ü�[email protected] < A�GgA�C�dRa'>7KMA�r < s?>5N/AHKWK D G < N-E[d < AHG3fXfU�1fUdL>/KjxÎXa < f%n'@UAHr'sV>K¾i�E�f%b'>/fUN/@ < r�>b < GmfL>Nd < AHG¨Ñ3x|{HxjÎXa'>pNAHfUdYA[C�dRa'>WdRAHnPAHs?A I ��A�C�Ejl3wz>/bG'>!d)ikAH@U�7b3>/nP>/G'b'f D n�AHGqdRa'>kN/AHf.d�A�C'dLa'>kG3Azb'>f/��dLa'>kNAHfUd�A�C�s < G'��f/��E�G'b%NAHG'f.dR@RE < GedRf�f D N#aE�fdRa'>�KME�w < K D K=G D K}rP>/@�A�C�s < G'��fE�s?sVA�ik>bMnP>/@�G'A1b'>�x�«kA�dRa � >/G'>!d < N���s I AH@ < dRa3KMf�E[G'b� < K D sFE�dR>/b��tG'G'>-E[s < G I a'E�v�>MrP>/>G D d < s <V® >b�dRAZl�G'b�s?A�i�Ô)N/A�fUdQdRAHnPAHs?A IH< >f õ���� ÷�� õ�� Ñ$÷�CJA�@� �� E[G'b�QªX�P{ Þ ÏHÏ�fU�1f.dR>/KWf/x©��G©>!wznP>/@ < KW>/Ged#E�sXNAHKWn�E�@ < fLAHG¨A[C�dRa3>/fL>gE�s I AH@ < dRa'KWfE�G'bjA�dLa'>/@XfU>-E�@UN#agdR>N#a'G <�� D >7a�E[f�G3A�d��H>d�rP>/>G�b'AHG3>QCJA�@�dRa < fXn'@LAHr3sV>/Kjx

ö3{

Page 111: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ö �úZû� �¤þ�ÿ�������� ¸��5����þ�-^����ÿMý �}ý�· ���%þ���� �����5þ�

ÎXa'>qG'>d)iTAH@U�pdRAOr�>QK < G < K <?® >b�N/A�G'f < fUdRf�A�C�Æ�� � : r�E�fU>5dR@RE[G'fLK < dUd < G I fUdRE[d < AHG'fqØ�«TÎ��'Üi�a < N#amE[@L>}NAHG'G'>NdR>b�dLAZÆ�� :"! r'E�fL>Yf.d#E[d < AHG�NAHGedR@LA�sVsV>@Lf}Ø�«X�'ªXÜ < G�f D N#a�EpikE��gdRa�E�dG'A�«kÎ�� < fqNAHG'G'>NdL>/b�dRAjKWAH@L>YdRa'E�G�AHG3>�«X�3ª���E�G3b�G'AjKMA�@L>YdRa�E[G$#&%(' )+*�6´A�CdRa3>/K�KME���r�>ZNAHG'G'>NdR>bºdRA�>-E[N#aº«X�3ª�x� �d < fOC D @UdRa3>/@WE�fLf D KW>/bÄdRa�E[dME�s?sX«X�'ªkfME�@U>N/A�G'G'>/N!dR>b�dRAZ{qKMAHr < sV>tfUi < dRN#a < G I N>/GedR>@}Ø,���'ªXÜ�xPÎXa3>7s?AzN/E[d < AHG'f�A�C�E�s?s�r�E�fU>qf.d#E[d < AHG3f< fOn'@U>!Ô�fLnP>/N < l�>/b��XE�f < fYdRa3>gs?AzN/E[d < AHG¨A�C�dLa'>-���'ª�x�ÎXa'>jAHr10U>/N!d�A[C�dRa3>jA�n3d < K <?® E[d < AHGn'@UAzN>/fLf < fMdRA�l'G'b°dRa'>�rP>/f.dZsVA1N-E[d < AHGºE�G'boE�s?sVA1N-E[dL>/b°«kÎ��1fpCJAH@p>-E[N#a½A[CqdLa'>�Æ�� :"!«X�'ªkfx� )GYAH@Lb3>/@�dRA5nP>/@UK < d�NAHKMn3@L>/a3>/G'f < vH>�>�w3nP>/@ < KW>/Ged#E[s'E�G�E[s?�1f < f�E�G'b < G7dRa'>�E�r3fL>/G3N/>A�C < G'b D f.dR@ < E�s�b�E[dRE3�HfLA�KM>Tf < KWn's < C§� < G I E�fUf D KWn3d < AHG'f�ik>@L>�KME�b'> < G%dLa'>kn3@LAHr's?>/K¦KWAzb'>s�x �d < fQE[fLf D KM>b�dLa�E[dqÆ+� :"! < fSfUn�>N < l'>/b�r�E�fL>bmA�G�NAHfUdQA[Ck> � D < n'KW>/GedQN/A�G'f < b'>/@LE[d < AHG'f/x� < G'N/>WdRa'>MN/AHf.d}A�CXG3Azb'>f < fqdLa D f%l3wz>/b���dLa'>�NAHfUd%A�C�dLa'>�G'>!d)ikA�@L��dRAHnPAHsVA I ��b'>n�>G'b'ffLA�sV>/s|��AHGÄdRa3>gs?>/G I dLaÄA�C�dLa'>Bv�E[@ < A D fOs < G3�1fxÄ �d < fWE�fLf D KM>b©dLa�E[dOdRa3>gNAHfUdWnP>/@ D G < dsV>G I dLaBA�C�dLa'>5a <?I a'>/@Xr'E�G'b3i < b3dRaZs < G'��f�rP>d)iT>/>/G�«X�'ªkf�E�G'b-���3ªoi�a'>G�N/A�KMn�E[@L>/bpdLAdRa3>WNAHfUdQnP>/@ D G < dQs?>/G I dLa�A�CdRa'>Os < G'��fSrP>d)iT>/>/G�dRa'>W«X�3ªkf7E[G'b�dRa'>W«kÎ��zf < f I @L>/E[dR>@re�ZEYC�E�NdLAH@/.10¶{Hx2tG3sV>/fUf}A�dLa'>/@.i < fL>MfLnP>/N < l�>b¨r�>sVA�iQ��E�s?s�>�wzn�>@ < KW>/GedLf7iT>/@L>BnP>/@.CJAH@LKW>/b D G'b'>@%dRa3>pE�f+Ôf D KMn3d < AHGmdRa�E[dYÆ���6�3 Ù�Ñz�Æ��4*�6=Ù�Ð�Ï3�5#&%(' )+*�6¤Ù � Ï�E�G'b6.¦Ù�Ðzx�ÎXa'>fL>n�E�@LE�KW>dR>@Lf�E�@U>5AHG's|�Mv[E�@ < >/b < GpdRa'>5>�wzn�>@ < KW>/GedLf�dLa�E[d < GevH>/f.d <?I E[dR>SdLa'>5> c >/N!d�A�C�n'@LAHr1ÔsV>K�fUN-E�s < G I E�G'b¨b <|c >@L>/GedY@U>/sVE[d < vH>pNAHfUdLfYAHG�dRa'>�n�>@UCJAH@UK�E�G3N/>pA�CtE�s I AH@ < dRa3KMfx� �d < fE�fUf D KW>/bBdRa'E[d�dRa3>5G'>d)iTAH@L� < fks?AzN/E[dR>b < GBE[GgE[@L>-E%dLa�E[d < fkA�C�f <V® >Y{-Ï D G < dRfkw�{�Ï D G < dRf/xy�AH@�>/E�N#a�>!wznP>/@ < KW>/Ged-�PdRa'>}s?AzN/E[d < AHG'f�A�C�dRa3>7v[E�@ < A D f�«kÎ��gik>@L> I >G'>/@LE[dR>b�@RE�G3b'AHKWs?�D f < G I E D G < CJAH@UK�b < fUdL@ < r D d < AHG�A�v�>/@}dRa3>pfL>@Uv < N>ZE�@L>/E�E�G'bÄE�@RE[G'b'AHK�E�fLf <VI G3KM>G�d%A�C«kÎ��zfqi�E[f7N#a'A�fL>/G�xB�¥d)�1n < N-E�sfUdRE�@Ud < G I nPA < Ged < G�dRa3>MfU>-E�@UN#a < fQfLa3A�i�G < G�l I D @U>�Òzx?{Hx

Page 112: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

öHÑÎXa'>S@U>/N!d#E�G I sV>�@L>/n3@L>/fU>/GedRf�dLa'>7���3ª��1dLa'>5«X�'ªkfkE�@L>t@L>n'@L>fL>/GedL>/bjr��Ol�s?sV>b�N < @LNsV>/f�3E[G'bdRa3>7«TÎ��jE�@U>Q@L>/n3@L>/fU>/GedR>b�re�pdRa3>qfUK�E[sVs�f � D E�@L>f/x

y <?I D @L>QÒzx?{H×�Î�1n < N/E�s£ )G < d < E[s�Ö�A < Ged�CJAH@�y < wz>bg��>d)iTAH@L�BÎ�AHnPAHsVA I �8� < G < K <?® E[d < AHGÎXa'>qN/AHf.d�C D G'Nd < AHGBdLAWrP>QK < G < K <V® >/b < f/×

9 Ù&:<;"=?>@ACB òED � � :GF�H � :"!JIKACLM .�:N;O>�P@QRB ò8D � :S!?TUH(V5:"! Ø�Ò3x?{�Ü

i�a'>@L> D � � :GF�H � :"!JIKACL < f5dRa'>Os?>/G I dLa�A�CkdLa'>Ob < @U>/Ndqs < G'�jr�>!d)ik>>/G�dLa'>�W,XCYp«TÎ��mE�G'b�dRa3>«X�'ª < d < fQE�fLf <VI G'>b�dLAmØ�f D r10U>/N!d7dLAZdLa'>ON/AHG3fUdR@LE < Ged5dLa�E[dqG'AZKMA�@L>}dRa'E�G1#Z%[' )+*�6«kÎ��zf7E�@U>ME[fLf <?I G'>bmdRAZ>/E�N#a�«X�3ª���E[G'b D � :"!?TRH/V5:"! < fSdRa'>WsV>G I dLa�A[CkdRa3>Wb < @L>Ndqs < G'�rP>d)iT>/>/GgdRa'>(\ XCY «��'ªhE�G'bBdLa'>+���'ª�xy <?I D @L>WÒ3x � fLa'A�i�f7dLa'>�a < fUdLA I @LE�K A�CkN/AHf.dRf%A�r3d#E < G'>/b�re��d#E�� < G I {�ÏS]7fLE�KMn3sV>/fQCJ@LA�K¾EfL>/E�@LN#a¨fUn�E�N>�i < dLa¨Æ�� :"! Ù�Ñz��Æ�� � : Ù�Ð[Ï3��#&%(' )+*�6¦Ù � Ï3��E�G3b$._ÙóÐzxj �d < f< GedL>/@L>fUd < G I dRAOG'A[dR>SdRa'E[d�CJAH@kdRa < fXn'@UAHr'sV>K¡dLa'>Qb < f.dR@ < r D d < AHGBA�C�NAHfUdLf < f � D < dR>5fUKMA1A�dLa

Page 113: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ö�Ý

80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 2600

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3x 10

4

Fre

quen

cy

Cost

1,000,000 samples

y <?I D @L>�Ò3x � ×_^ < f.dRA I @RE�K½A�C'ªkAHfUdLf�CJA�@£y < wz>b7��>d)iTAH@L�5Î�AHnPAHsVA I ��� < G < K <?® E[d < AHGtÖ�@LAHr's?>/KE�G'bZE[n'n�>/E�@Lf�E[sVKWAHfUd � E D fLf < E�G�ØJi�a < N#a < d < f�G'A[d-�3A[C�NA D @UfL>���f < G'N>�dRa3>Sd#E < sVf�E[@L>SG'A[dXA�C< Gzl�G < dL>ts?>/G I dRaBE�G3b�dRa'>@L> < f�E%fUs <?I aedkE[fU�1KMKW>dL@U�Mr�>!d)ik>>/GBdRa3>�sV>!C§dXE�G3bp@ <?I aedka�E[s?vH>f#Ü�xÎXa'>qn'@LA�r�E�r < s < d)�WA�C�sVA1N-E�d < G I sVA�i_NAHfUd�fUAHs D d < AHG3fkC�E�sVs?f�A c�� D < dR>QfLa'E�@Ln's|�Hx

úZûa` µb�5��dce��ÿWþfc�ÿBÿZ· ¸���¹�ý�����/ÿWý

�E�N#apnPA < Ged < GWdRa'>tfL>-E[@LN#aBfLn'E�N/> < fkEqn�E�@.d < N D sFE[@�fU>dkA�C£sVA1N-E�d < A�G'f�CJAH@T>/E�N#aB«X�3ª��'E�G'b�En�E�@.d < N D sVE�@�E�fUf <VI G'KM>GedA�C£«kÎ��1f�dLAq>/E�N#ap«��'ª©fLE[d < fUC§� < G I dLa'>[#&%[' )+*�6�N/AHG'f.dR@LE < Ged-xÎ�A I >/G'>@RE[dL>TEXG'>!i�G'> <VI a�rPAH@�CJ@LA�K´dRa < f�nPA < Ged£d)iTAtG3> <VI a1rPAH@Ua'AzA1b I >G'>/@LE[d < G I AHnP>/@RE�dRAH@UfE�@U>5@L> � D < @L>b��'AHG'>SdLa�E[d�KWA�vH>/f�dLa'>5sVA1N-E�d < A�G'fkA�C�dLa'>q«X�'ªkf�E�G'bjE�G3A�dRa'>@�dRa�E�d�N#a�E�G I >fdRa3>7«TÎ��jE�fUf <?I G'KW>/GedRfXCJAH@X>/E�N#a�«X�3ª�x

Î�A7KWA�vH>XdRa'>�«X�3ªkf�d)iTA < G'b'>n�>G'b'>/Ged/� � E D fUf < E[GW@LE�G'b'A�K¤v[E�@ < E�r'sV>fE�@L> I >/G'>@RE[dL>/bpÆ7gE�G'bmÆih[��r�A[dRa�A�Cki�a < N#amE�@L> ® >@LAjKM>/E�G�i < dRa�f.d#E�G'b'E�@Lbmb'>v < E�d < A�Gkj�xW��dq>/E�N#a�f.dR>/n��AHG'>M«X�'ª < fQ@RE�G'b3AHKMs|��n < N#��>/b�E�G'b < C < d < fqsVA1N-E[dL>/bmE[dQdRa'>MN/A[Ô�AH@Lb < G�E[dL>/fMØl' Q Èam Q Ü�� < G

Page 114: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

öeÐdRa3> I >/G'>@RE[dL>/bjG'> <?I a�r�AH@�dLa < f�«X�3ª < fXb < fLn3sFE�N>/bZre�mØ�ÆigHÈ#Æih/Ü�E�G'bja�E�f�NA[Ô)AH@Ub < G'E[dR>f

Øn'EoQ Èam�oQ Ü�Ù�Øn' Q M Æ7geÈam Q M Æ7h�Ü Ø�Ò3x � ÜÎ�A%>/G3f D @U>tdRa'E[dTdLa'> I >/G'>@RE[dL>/bB«��'ª¿sVA1N-E�d < A�G < fi < dRa < GOdRa'>�r�A D G'b�E�@ < >f�A[C�dRa'>�fL>@Uv < N>E�@U>-E3�3dLa'>5CJAHsVs?A�i < G I a3AHsVb�×

' Q M Æigip_{-Ï+qr' oQ Ù¯{�Ï Ø�Ò3x ÑHÜ' Q M Æig+s°Ïiqr'EoQ ÙhÏ Ø�Ò3xÛÝeÜ

m Q M Æ7h�p_{�Ïiq m+oQ Ù¯{�Ï Ø�Ò3x Ð�Üm Q M Æih�sºÏ�q mioQ ÙhÏ Ø�Ò3x ÒHÜ

Î�A}KMA1b < C§�}dRa'>�E�fLf <VI G3KM>G�dLf�A�C�dLa'>tv[E�@ < A D fk«kÎ��MdLA%>/E�N#aZ«X�'ª��1dRa'@U>/>�� < G'b'f�A�C�KMA�vH>fE�@U>qnPAHfUf < r3sV>�×

«kÎ���KWA�vH>}�7×4SApG'A[dRa < G I x5ÎXa < fS¼HG D sVs?¼pKWA�v�> < f < KWn�[email protected]#E�Ged�dRApa'E�v�>Or�>N-E D fU>< d�E[sVsVA�i�fXdRa3>7fU>-E�@UN#a�dRAMAHn3d < K <?® >SdLa'>7s?AzN/E[d < AHGZA�C�dLa'>}«��'ªkfti < dRa'A D dtN#a'E�G IH< G I«kÎ��ZE�fUf <VI G'KM>GedRf/x

«kÎ���KWA�vH>5«t×3Ö < N#�Od)iTAO«X�'ªkf/�)Y6�3 ò E�G'be)Y6�3ut-�3E�G'b < C�dRa3>SG D K}rP>/@�A�C�«TÎ��zfE�s?sVA1N-E[dL>/b%dLA7)Y6�3ut < f�sV>fLf�dLa�E�Gd#&%[' )i*S6��Hn < N#�}AHG3>�«kÎ��YE�fLf <VI G'>bYdRAi)Y6�3 òE[d�@LE�G'b'A�KÁE�G'bjE�fUf <VI G < d�dRAd)Y6�3ut < G'f.dR>-E[b�x

«kÎ���KWA�vH>Wª�×�Ö < N#�jd)ikAj«X�'ªkf��>!wzN#a�E�G I >MAHG3>O«kÎ���E�fLf <VI G'>b�dRAB>-E[N#aÂØJn < N#�[>/b@LE�G'b'AHKWs?�Wi < dLa D G < CJA�@LK�n3@LAHr�E[r < s < d)�3Ü�i < dLaBdRa'>QA�dLa'>/@x

�m> <VI a�dLf5K�E-��r�>OE�fUf <?I G'>/b�dLAj>/E�N#a�A�CdRa'>fL>W� < G'b'f5A�CTKWA�v�>/fx}ÎXa < f < fQE�N/NAHKWn's < fLa'>bre� D f < G I d)ikAWn'@UAHr�E�r < s < fUd < N�n�E[@RE�KW>dL>/@Lfwv ò � vxt�i�a < N#agE�@U>5N#a'AHfL>G�f D N#agdRa'E[d

Ïzy�v ò M vxt[y¶{ Ø�Ò3x Õ�Ü

Page 115: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

öHÒ��dX>/E�N#aZfUdR>n���KWA�v�>S� < f�N-E�@U@ < >/bpA D d�i < dLaBn'@LAHr'E�r < s < d)��v ò �'KWA�vH>5«ºi < dRaBn'@UAHr�E�r < s < d)�vxt�E[G'bZKMA�vH>7ª°i < dRajn'@UAHr�E�r < s < d)�g{/{½Ø|v ò M v�t#Ü!xÎXa D fQdRa'>Yn�E[@RE�KW>dL>/@LfSdLa�E[dqE c >/N!d5dRa'>Ob'>!l�G < d < A�G�A�CdRa'>OG'> <VI a�rPAH@La'A1A1b�CJAH@�dRa3>Ov[E�@ < ÔA D fQfU>-E�@UN#a�E�s I AH@ < dRa3KMf�E�@L>}j�Ô�dRa3>Wf.d#E�G3b�E�@Lb�b'>!v < E[d < AHG�A�C�dRa3>M«��'ª¯b < fLn'sVE�N/>KM>GedRf/�E�G'bEv ò �~vxt-��i�a < N#a�N/AHGedR@UAHs�dRa3>YN#a�E�G I >f < G�«kÎ���E�fUf <VI G'KM>GedRf5dRAB>/E�N#a�«��'ª�x�2tG3sV>/fUfA�dLa'>/@.i < fL>YfUn�>N < l�>/b¿Ø�E[f < G�dLa'>Y>!wznP>/@ < KW>/GedRf5b'>KMA�G'fUdL@RE[d < G I dLa'>}> c >NdQA�CT�t> <VI a�rPAH@.Ôa'A1Azbgb'>l'G < d < AHGjAHGgdLa'>%nP>/@.CJAH@LKME�G'N>7A[C�dRa'>7fL>/E�@LN#a�E�s I AH@ < dRa3KMfRÜ!� < d < f�E[fLf D KM>b�dRa�E�dj�Ù´Ï3Ú|{H� v ò Ù�vxt�Ù ò� x

úZû�� ���5þ��HÿWþf� �}ý��/� ÿz�����%ý�·�ÿd� � �}���

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

290

Probability of uphill moves, p

Fin

al C

ost

initialCost = 363.41

averageminmax

y <?I D @L>�Ò3xÛÑ3×�Ö�>/@UCJA�@LKME�G'N/>TA�C�~�E�G'b3AHK_��E[sV�S�ts I AH@ < dLa'KMf�CJAH@�y < wz>/b%�t>!d)ikAH@U�QÎ�AHnPAHs?A I �­Sn3d < K <?® E[d < AHG

Î�A < GevH>fUd <?I E[dL>�dRa'>�nP>/@.CJAH@LKME�G'N>�A�C5dRa3>�~£� E�s I AH@ < dRa'KWfYCJAH@�v[E�@.� < G I v[E�s D >/fpA�C[ú£�dRa3>�n'@UAHr�E�r < s < d)��A�C�E[N/N/>n3d < G I D n'a < s?s�KMA�v�>/f/��dLa'>ME�s I A�@ < dLa'KWfSik>@L>p@ D Gº{�ÏZd < KM>fQCJA�@{�ÏHÏz� ÏHÏ�ÏQC D G3Nd < AHG�>!v[E�s D E�d < A�G'f�CJA�@T>/E�N#a�v[E�s D >tA�C�ú�@RE�G IH< G I CJ@LA�K¡ÏQdRAM{ < G < G'N@L>/KW>/GedLf

Page 116: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

öeÕA�CkÏ3xÛÏeÐzxOÎXa'>W@L>/f D s?dLfqE�@L>OfLa3A�i�G < G�l I D @U>WÒ3x ÑzxW �d < f5AHr'fL>@Uv�>/b�dLa�E[dQdRa'>Yv[E�@ < E�G'N>YA�Cl�G�E[s�fLA�s D d < AHG'fTAHr3dRE < G'>b < f I @L>/E[dR>fUd�i < dRa � @L>>/b3�B�z>-E�@UN#a��'a'A�iT>v�>/@�dRa'>5E-v�>/@RE I >Sl�G�E�sN/A�fUd < f�iTAH@UfL>�dLa�E�G�dLa�E[d�A�r'fL>@UvH>bBi < dRa�E7s?A�i D n'a < s?s�KMA�v�>SE�NN/>/nzd#E�G'N>5n'@LA�r�E�r < s < d)�%A�CÏ3xÛÏeÐzx7�øfLKME�sVs�v�E[s D >}A[C&ú�b < fLsVA1b I >f�dRa3>YfL>-E[@LN#a�CJ@LAHK�fLAHKW>YsVA1N-E�s�K < G < KME �Pa'A�ik>!vH>@/�E�f ú < f < G'N/@U>-E�fU>/b�C D @UdLa'>/@��dLa'>OfL>/E�@LN#amr�>N/AHKW>/f < G3N/@L>/E�f < G I s|��KWAH@L>%@RE�G'b3AHK¾E�G'b�dRa3>nP>/@UCJA�@LKME�G'N/>�b'>!dR>@ < A�@RE[dL>/f < G´E©KWAHG'A�dLAHG < N�C�E�fLa < AHG���i < dRaodRa'>�[email protected]�nP>/@.CJAH@LKME�G'N>AHr'fU>/@.vH>/b�i�a'>/Grú�Ù�{gØJn D @L>s?�g@RE�G3b'AHKñKWA�vH>KM>G�d#Ü!x7ÎXa < f < fS@L>f D s|d < f5E�G'E�sVA I A D ftdLAdRa'E[d�AHr3fL>/@.vH>bZCJA�@TdRa3>Sr�E�fU>SfUdRE[d < AHG�s?AzN/E[d < AHGMA�n3d < K <?® E[d < AHGOb < fLN D fLfL>b < G�dLa'>�n'@U>v < A D fN#a�E�nzdR>/@�E[G'b < fkC�E < @Ls|�Yd)�1n < N/E�s�A�C�fU>-E�@UN#ajfUn�E�N>/fXi < dLapfLAHKW>Ss?AzN/E�s�A�n3d < K�E�Ø�f < G'N/> < GpdRa3>E�r'fU>/G'N>SA�C£f D N#aBsVA1N-E[s�AHn3d < K�Ez� I @L>>/b3�MfL>/E�@LN#a�iTA D s?bpn'@UA�v < b'>�dLa'>�rP>/f.d�nP>/@.CJAH@LKME�G'N>�Ü!x

úZû�ý ���5þ��HÿWþf� �}ý��/� ÿz���Z��� �����q���5· ��ý�ýE���%�-�-ý��

 �CN� < f�dLA�d#E[szG D K}rP>/@�A�C < dL>/@RE�d < A�G'f�dLAS@ D G}dRa'>XE[s I AH@ < dLa'K¶E�G'b}�WdRa'>kG D K}r�>@�A�C;b < fLN@L>dL>dR>KMnP>/@LE[d D @L>%s?>v�>/sVf < G�>/E�N#a�@ D G���dRa'>%sV>/G I dRa��°A�C�dLa'>}a'A�KMA I >/G'>A D f7��E[@L��A�v�N#a�E < G3fikE�ftfU>d�dRAOrP>

�¨Ù �� Ø�Ò3x Þ Üy�AH@�dRa < f�n'@UAHr'sV>K��mikE�fSN#a'A�fL>/G�dLAprP> � Ï�Ø < xÅ>�x � ÏWb <?c >/@U>/Ged�dL>/KWn�>@RE[d D @L>qv�E[s D >fSE�@U>fL>sV>NdR>b���E�G'b < C��°Ù {�ÏS�MdRa'>G��ÁÙ Ð[ÏHÏeÜ!x°ÎXa3> < G < d < E�skdL>/KWn�>@RE[d D @L>e*~�WG'>>/b'f�dLArP>}a <VI a�>/G'A D I a�xQ �dSikE�f5b'>!dR>/@UK < G'>/b�re�gl�@Lf.d5AHr3dRE < G < G I �½N/AHf.dSv[E�s D >/f�v < E�Epn D @L>s?�@RE[G'b'AHK¥fL>/E�@LN#amØ�> � D < v[E�s?>/GedkdLAY~�� i < dRa�úpÙ¯{�ÜTE�G'bpl'G'b < G I dRa'>�fUd#E[G'b�E�@UbBb'>v < E�d < A�GjN�¤A�C�N/AHf.dRfSE�dtdLa < f�dR>KMnP>/@LE[d D @U>%E[G'b�fL>!dLd < G I *~��Ù�{�ÏSjN�}x�ÎXa3@L>/>7N/A1AHs < G I fLN#a'>b D s?>/fiT>/@L>qN/A�G'f < b'>/@U>/b�×

Page 117: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ö Þ � >/AHKW>dL@ < NQªkAzA�s < G I �zN#a'>b D sV>[×TÎXa < f < f�dLa'>Qf < KWn's?>SN/A1AHs < G I fUN#a'>/b D sV>��

*�*��,�jÙ&.���*J����� Ø�Ò3x®öHÜi�a'>@L>+.�� < f�dLa'>QN/A1AHs < G I @LE[dR>Qn�E�@LE�KW>dR>@/x

¬£A I E[@ < dLa'K < N5ªkA1AHs < G I �1N#a'>/b D sV>�×� )GZdRa < fXN/A1AHs < G I fLN#a3>/b D s?>��

*P*����jÙ *J��� �{ M �¢¡�£ ¤"¥§¦©¨ I ò,ª« L�©¬ ¡�£ ¤

Ø�Ò3x|{�ÏeÜ

i�a'>@L>7­ < fXE%b < fUdRE�G'N>5n�E�@RE[KM>!dR>/@�'E�G3b8j®��� ��dRa3>SfUdRE�G'b�E�@UbZb'>v < E�d < A�GpA�C�N/A�fUdRf�E�d*J������x

��wzn�A�G'>/Ged < E�s�ªkA1AHs < G I �zN#a'>b D s?>�×� )GjdLa < fXfUN#a'>/b D sV>��

*P*����jÙ�*J������>�w3n�Ø {¯­G�U*J�����j®����� Ü Ø�Ò3x|{H{�Ü

i�a'>@L>i­¢� < f�dLa'>5>!wznPAHG'>/Ged < E�s�NAzA�s < G I n�E�@LE�KW>dR>@/�3E�G'bej®������dLa'>QfUd#E[G'b�E�@Ubjb3>v < E�Ôd < AHGBA�C�N/A�fUdRftE[d°*J������x

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

180

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

Rate of cooling α

cost

initialCost = 360.40 averageminmax

y <?I D @L>ÒzxÛÝ'×�Ö�>/@.CJAH@LKME�G'N>�A[C�� < K D sVE[dR>b5��G'G'>/E�s < G I i < dLa � >/A�KM>!dR@ < NªkA1AHs < G I CJAH@�y < w3>b�t>!d)ikA�@L�BÎ�AHn�A�sVA I �B­Sn3d < K <?® E[d < AHG�Ø.{�Ü

Page 118: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

ö�ö

0.98 0.982 0.984 0.986 0.988 0.99 0.992 0.994 0.996 0.998150

200

250

300

Rate of Cooling α

Fin

al C

ost

initialCost = 297.83

averageminmax

y <?I D @L>Òzx Ðz×�Ö�>/@.CJAH@LKME�G'N>�A[C�� < K D sVE[dR>b5��G'G'>/E�s < G I i < dLa � >/A�KM>!dR@ < NªkA1AHs < G I CJAH@�y < w3>b�t>!d)ikA�@L�BÎ�AHn�A�sVA I �B­Sn3d < K <?® E[d < AHG�Ø � ÜÎ�A�dLa'> < Gev�>/fUd <VI E�dR>pdRa3>jnP>/@.CJAH@LKME�G'N>pA�C�dRa'> I >/AHKW>dL@ < N�N/A1AHs < G I fUN#a'>/b D sV>����z�ui < dLab <|c >@L>/GedXv[E�s D >/fXA�Cx._�Sاi�a < N#aZK D fUd�rP>5r�>!d)ik>>/G�ÏOE�G3b�{�Ü�ik>@L>q>-E�N#aZ@ D GBCJAH@5{�Ï}@ D G'fE�G'b©{�ÏHÏz� ÏHÏ�Ï < dR>@RE[d < AHG3f/x}y <VI D @U>/fQÒ3xÅÝjE�G'bmÒ3x ÐBfUa'A�i¤dLa'>Yl�G�E�s�NAHfUdLfqA�r3d#E < G'>/b�CJAH@7._�< G�dRa3>M@LE�G I >f õ Ï3x|{H��Ïzx®ö$÷�E[G'b õ Ï3xÌö Þ Ï3�{HxÛÏHÏHÏ$÷@U>/fUn�>Nd < vH>s?�HxB �dQikE�f%A�r'fL>@UvH>b�dRa'E[dY�1�nP>/@UCJA�@LKME�G'N/> < dRa'>BfLE�KW>�CJAH@YE�s?s�v[E�s D >/fYA[C¯._�5CJ@LAHK�Ï�dRA�E[r�A D dOÏ3xÌö�öHÒ3�E[C§dL>/@%i�a < N#a< d < fSfU>/>/G�dRABb3>dR>@ < AH@RE[dL>OEps < dLdRs?>%E[f < d < f < G'N@L>/E�fL>b�dLA�{Hx Ï�اi�a'>/G�dRa3>YN/A1AHs < G Ip< ftdRA1AfLs?A�itÜ!x¯y D @UdLa'>/@�tE�v < f D E�st>!w3E�K < G�E�d < A�GºA�C5dLa'>�sVA�iT>/fUdpN/AHf.dZfLAHs D d < AHG'f�A�r3d#E < G'>/bºr���z�¢fLa3A�iT>/b�dRa�E�d5dRa'>!��ik>@L>OC�E�@SCJ@LA�KñAHn3d < KME�s�xQÎXa < fQr�>a�E-v < AH@5A�C��z�øf D IHI >/f.dRfQdRa�E�ddRa3>YfL>-E[@LN#a�fLn�E�N>OK�E-�gr�> � D < dR>Y@LA D I a�E�G'b�C D s?s�A�C�s?AzN/E�s�K < G < K�Ezx5ÎXa < fSKW>-E[G'fSdRa�E�db D @ < G I dRa'> < G < d < E[s�fUdRE I >/f�A�C�dRa'>%E�G'G'>/E�s < G I n'@LA1N/>fLf/��i�a'>/G�dRa3>7dR>KMnP>/@LE[d D @L> < f�a <?I a��dRa3>YE�s I AH@ < dRa'K < f D G�E[r'sV>qdRABsVA1N-E�dR> I AzA1b�@U> IH< AHG'f�A[C�dRa'>}fUn�E�N>}dRApfU>dLdLsV>}b3A�i�G�dLA'xS �CdRa3>5N/A1AHs < G I @RE�dR> < f�C�E�fUd�>G'A D I aBdLAOE�sVs?A�i°dLa'>7�z�_dRAYfU>dUdRsV>5b3A�i�GZdRAOE I @U>/>b3�BfL>/E�@LN#a��dRa3>tG'>!dknP>/@.CJAH@LKME�G'N>�A�C�dLa'>�E[s I AH@ < dLa'KMf�b'>/nP>/G'b3fka <?I a's?�%AHGMdLa'> I @L>>/b3�OnPAH@Ud < AHGOA�C < dLffL>/E�@LN#a��3i�a < N#a��3rP>/N-E D fL>SA[C�dRa'>�>!w < f.dR>/G3N/>SA�C�K D s?d < n's?>XsVA1N-E�s;K < G < K�E�C�E < sVf�dRA7l�G'b I A1A1bfLA�s D d < AHG'fx

Page 119: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

{�Ï�Ï

ÎXa'>jsVA I E�@ < dRa'K < NMN/A1AHs < G I fLN#a'>b D s?>gikE�f�>�w3n3sVAH@U>/bºG3>!w1d-x )G I >/G3>/@RE[s�� D f < G I v[E�@ < A D fN/A1AHs < G I fLN#a'>b D sV>f�N-E�GBn'@UA�v < b'>5b <|c >@L>/GedXnP>/@.CJAH@LKME�G'N>S@L>f D s|dRfx« D d�E�fkiT>5a�E-vH>QfU>/>/G���z�¯fL>>/KWf�dLAMnP>/@.CJAH@LKÁnPAzA�@Ls?��AHGZdRa < f�fU>-E�@UN#a�fLn'E�N/>QCJAH@�G'>-E[@Ls?�jE[sVs I >AHKW>dR@ < N5NAzAHs < G I@RE�dR>/fXØJC�E�f.d�AH@�fUsVA�itÜ!x� �d�fL>>/KWf�dRa'>@L>!CJAH@L> D G's < ��>/s|�QdRa�E[d < d�ikA D sVbYnP>/@UCJA�@LK¦b'@RE[K�E[d < N/E�sVs|�rP>dLdL>/@�CJAH@�A�dRa'>@tNAzA�s < G I fUN#a'>/b D sV>f/x�ÎXa < f�i�E�ftN/AHGzl�@LKW>/bgr��j@ D G'G < G I dLa'>%E[s I AH@ < dLa'Ki < dLa�EBsVA I E[@ < dLa'K < N5N/A1AHs < G I fUN#a'>/b D sV>YCJAH@�v[E�@ < A D f�v[E�s D >fSA�CdRa3>Wb < fUdRE�G'N>}n�E�@LE�KM>!dR>@­g@LE�G IH< G I CJ@UAHK`Ï3x?{pdLA�Ï3xÌö3�E�f}fU>/>/G < G�l I D @U>ZÒ3xÛÒ3x�ÎXa'>BK < G < K D Kj��KME�w < K D K�E[G'bE-vH>@RE I >�l'G�E�s'NAHfUdLf�CJA D G'b < Gp{�ÏS@ D G'f�Ø�A�C�{�Ï�Ï3� Ï�ÏHÏ < dL>/@LE[d < AHG'f�>-E�N#a;Ü�CJA�@�dRa'>Xs?A I E�@ < dLa'K < NN/A1AHs < G I fUN#a'>/b D sV>SE[@L>�N/AHKWn�E�@U>/bOi < dRaOdRa3>�E-vH>@RE I >�@L>f D s|dRfCJAH@ I >/A�KM>!dR@ < NXN/A1AHs < G I i < dLa._�XÙ¤Ï3ÚÌö�ö3x� �d < ftfL>/>G�N/sV>/E�@Ls|�ZdRa�E[dtdRa'>}E�v�>/@LE I >YnP>/@UCJA�@LKME�G'N/> < f5E[r�A D d�dRa3>}fRE�KW>7CJA�@dRa3>Qd)iTAW� < G'b'f�A�C�N/A1AHs < G I fLN#a3>/b D s?>/fx

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

Distance Parameter δ

Fin

al C

ost

initialCost = 361.17

averageminmaxgeometric cooling

y <?I D @L>ZÒzx Ò3×ZÖ�>/@.CJAH@LKME�G'N>jA[CQ� < K D sFE�dR>/b¨�tG'G'>/E�s < G I i < dRa©¬£A I E[@ < dLa'K < NBªkA1AHs < G I CJA�@y < w3>bj�t>d)iTAH@U�BÎ�AHnPAHs?A I �Z­Sn3d < K <V® E[d < AHG

y <?I D @L>jÒ3x Õ�fLa'A�i�f�dLa'>gK < G < K D Kj��KME�w < K D K E�G'bÂE-v�>/@RE I >gl�G'E�s�N/AHf.dRfOCJA D G'b < G½{�Ï@ D G'fqØ�A�C{-ÏHÏ3�ÛÏHÏHÏ < dR>/@LE[d < AHG'fT>-E�N#a;ÜTv < E}E�GB>!wznPAHG'>G�d < E�s�N/A1AHs < G I fUN#a'>/b D sV>5CJAH@�v�E[s D >f�A�CdRa3>7>�w3nPAHG'>Ged < E[s�NAzAHs < G I @LE[dR>qn�E�@LE�KW>dR>@¯­G��@RE�G I�< G I CJ@LA�KóÏ3x?{QdRA�Ï3xÌö3xk�oa < sV>qE[d�l�@Lf.d

Page 120: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

{�Ïz{

I sVE�G'N/> < dTKME��WE[n'n�>/E�@dRa�E[dkE�f�dRa'>¯­¢� < f < G'N@L>-E[fL>/b��zdRa3>�nP>/@UCJA�@LKME�G'N/> I >!dRfkrP>dUdR>@/��dRa < f< fqE�N!d D E[sVs?�gG'A�dQdLa'>ON-E�fU>WCJAH@5dLa'>YCJAHsVs?A�i < G I @U>-E�fUAHG�x��tfi­¢� < f < G'N/@U>-E�fU>/b���dRa'>ONAzAHs < G IrP>/N/A�KM>ftC�E�f.dR>/@x� �dtikE�fSAHr3fL>/@.vH>b�dRa�E[d�CJAH@�v[E�s D >ftA[Cf­¢� I @U>-E[dL>/@tdLa�E�G�E�r�A D dSÏzx � �;dRa3>E�G'G3>-E�s < G I n'@LA1N/>fLfXfLnP>/G3b'f�E%f <?I G < l�N-E�Gedkn'@[email protected] < A�GpA�C£d < KM> < GMdRa'> ® >/@UA}dR>/KWnP>/@RE�d D @U>fUdRE[dR>[� < xÅ>�x < dMn�>@UCJAH@UKMf�E�n'@ < K�E[@ < s|� I @U>/>b3�ºfU>-E�@UN#a�x_ÎXa'>�a <VI a©v[E�@ < E�G'N/>gAHr'fU>/@Uv�>/bCJAH@ I @L>/>b3��fU>-E�@UN#a��£i�a < N#a < f�rP>/N-E D fL>OA�C < dLfSa <?I a�fL>G'f < d < v < d)�gdLABfUdRE�@Ud < G I nPA < GedLf/��N/E�G@L>f D s|d < Gmn�>@UCJAH@UK�E[G'N/>�dL@L>G'b'fZØ < G�dLa < f7N-E�fU>pdRa'>�dL@L>G'b¨A�C�b'>N/@L>/E�f < G I l�G�E[skN/A�fUdRfOE[f­¢�OE[n'n'@LAHE�N#a'>/fWÏ3xÌöeÜ7dLa�E[dME�@L>BG3A�dWA�C�f.d#E[d < f.d < N/E�skf <VI G < l�N/E�G'N/> ò x¨Î�A�vH>/@ < C§��dLa < f���1�ikE�f�dR>fUdR>bjC D @UdRa3>/@�CJAH@°­G�k@LE�G IH< G I CJ@LAHK¡Ï3xÌö%dRAB{HxÛÏ3�1i�a'>/@U> < d�ikE�f�E I E < GpN/A�KMn�E[@L>/bpdLAI >AHKM>!dR@ < N5N/A1AHs < G I xy <VI D @U>QÒ3x Þ KME��[>/f < d�N/s?>-E�@XdLa�E[d�dRa'>QnP>/@.CJAH@LKME�G'N>qA[C�>!wznPAHG'>G�d < E�sN/A1AHs < G I CJAH@ka <VI a�v[E�s D >/fkA�C�­¢� < f�G3A}r�>!dLdL>/@kdLa�E�GpdRa3>S@L>f D s|dRf�AHrzd#E < G'>/b�i < dRa I >/AHKW>dL@ < NN/A1AHs < G I Ø�.���ÙhÏ3ÚÌö�öeÜ�x�y <?I D @L>�Òzx®ö5fLa3A�i�f�dRa'>�nP>/@.CJAH@LKME�G'N>�A[C�>!wznPAHG'>G�d < E�s?s?�7N/A1AHsV>bp�1�CJAH@�s?A�i´NAzA�s < G I @RE�dR>/fqØ�­¢�T@RE�G I�< G I CJ@UAHKuÏzx Ï3{tdRAOÏ3x|{�Ü�i�a'>@L>qE I E < G < d < fkN/sV>/E�@kdLa�E[dXdRa3>nP>/@UCJA�@LKME�G'N/>5A[C��z� < fXG'A�d�f <?I G < l'N-E�GedRs|�pE c >NdR>b�re�pdLa'>QN#a'A < N>QA�C�NAzA�s < G I fLN#a'>b D s?>�x

úZû#ú ���5þ��HÿWþf� �}ý��/� ÿz��±²����� �8���%þ5�³c

��f�dRa'>@L>XE[@L>k>fLfU>/Ged < E�sVs|�5d)ikA5� < G3b'f�A�C;KWA�vH>f�dRa�E�d I >G'>/@LE[dR>kG'> <?I a�r�AH@ < G I nPA < GedRf�Ø�KWA�v�Ô< G I dRa3>ksVA1N-E�d < A�G'f�A�CP«X�'ªkf�E[G'b}N#a�E�G IH< G I dRa'>�«kÎ��zf�E�s?sVA1N-E[dL>/bQdRA�«X�'ªkf#Ü��Hd)ikA5b <?c >/@L>Gedd#E[r D s < fUdLftiT>/@L> < KWn'sV>KM>G�dL>/bjCJAH@tdLa'>}Î�E�r D �z>/E�@LN#a�E�s I AH@ < dRa3Kg��rPA�dRagi < dRagdRa'>}fLE�KW>d#E[r D dL>/G D @U>Qv[E�s D >7´�xÎXa'>/fU>qdRE�r D s < fUdRf�iT>/@U>Qb'>l�G3>/b�E[f�CJA�sVsVA�i�f×

«X�3ª_¬�A1N-E�d < A�GjÎ�E�r D ×k�oa'>/GgdRa'>[\�XCYY«X�'ª < f�KWA�vH>b�dRA�EWs?AzN/E[d < AHGmØl' Q �~m Q Ü < Gµ·¶ÕÔ¹¸»º_¸K¼ ¼K½"º�¾�×�¿a¾�ÖRº_À�½¹¸ ¾�Ö5Á�¼�ÖR¿O×¼ Ã�Ô"ÄaÅ-½¹ÆSº�½¹Ç"ÇSÄ�×�¾µÖUÈ�Á·Ä¢Æ"Á·¼K½"º,¸ Ä¢Æ"º�É°¿ÊÃ/Ë�Ö5È�×�¿ÊÅ�ƯÌá×,Ä¢É�×�¿ÊÅdÖ�Í�Ç�ÖØ׸ ÎÉ°Ö�Æ�¾Â¿G¼Ïȹ¿a¾�¿u¸ Æ�º,ÄGÉ°Ö�Á�¿Gº�ÖUº4¸ Ì ¾�Ô Ö)×µÖUº,½¹¼ ¾Âº�¿O×µÖ�ÆÑÐ ¾�¸KÆ¢¾µÖØ×ÂÇ ×µÖ·¾�ÖRÈ(¸KƯ¾�Ô Ö)׸KÒ"Ô�¾_Á·ÄGÆ�¾µÖ·Í�¾UÓ

Page 121: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

{�Ï �

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

Exponential cooling parameter δe

Fin

al C

ost

initialCost = 329.87 averageminmaxgeometric cooling

y <?I D @L>ZÒzx Õz×jÖ�>/@UCJA�@LKME�G'N/>jA�CS� < K D sFE[dL>/bÄ��G3G'>-E�s < G I i < dRa¿��w3nPAHG'>Ged < E[s�ªkA1AHs < G I CJA�@y < w3>bj�t>d)iTAH@U�BÎ�AHnPAHs?A I �Z­Sn3d < K <V® E[d < AHG�Ø+{�Ü

0.9 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

Exponential cooling parameter δe

Fin

al c

ost

initialCost = 396.20averageminmaxgeometric cooling

y <?I D @L>ZÒzx Þ ×jÖ�>/@UCJA�@LKME�G'N/>jA�CS� < K D sFE[dL>/bÄ��G3G'>-E�s < G I i < dRaÕÔ�w3nPAHG'>Ged < E[s�ªkA1AHs < G I CJA�@y < w3>bj�t>d)iTAH@U�BÎ�AHnPAHs?A I �Z­Sn3d < K <V® E[d < AHG�Ø � Ü

0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1

200

250

300

350

400

Exponential cooling parameter δe

Fin

al c

ost

initialCost = 406.11averageminmaxgeometric cooling

y <?I D @L>ZÒzxKÖ3×jÖ�>/@UCJA�@LKME�G'N/>jA�CS� < K D sFE[dL>/bÄ��G3G'>-E�s < G I i < dRaÕÔ�w3nPAHG'>Ged < E[s�ªkA1AHs < G I CJA�@y < w3>bj�t>d)iTAH@U�BÎ�AHnPAHs?A I �Z­Sn3d < K <V® E[d < AHG�Ø�ÑeÜ

Page 122: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

{�Ï�Ñ

< dR>/@LE[d < AHG×����KWA�vH>/KW>/Ged5A[C�dRa'>�\ XCY «X�'ªhdLABE�Ge��nPA < G�dti < dLa < G�E�@RE�b < D ftA�C�Ï3Ú|{�jA�C�Øl' Q �Nm Q Ü�rP>CJAH@U> < dL>/@RE�d < A�G�Ø�� M ´�Ü < f�d#E�r D x

Ø «kÎ����tsVs?AzN/E[d < AHG�Î�E�r D ×W�oa3>/G�dRa3>ÙW XCY «kÎ�� < f7d#E[��>/G�CJ@UAHK¾dRa'>�\ XCY «X�3ª¢E[G'bE�s?sVA1N-E[dL>/b%dLA5fLAHKW>XA�dLa'>/@«X�3ª < G < dR>@RE[d < AHG����edRa'>X@U>!Ô)E�fLf <VI G'KW>/Ged�A[C�dLa'>°W XCY «kÎ��dLAOdLa'>(\ XCY «X�'ª < f�dRE�r DjD Ged < s < dR>@RE[d < AHG�Øl� M ´�Ü�x

ÎXa'>Sf < KWn'sV>tE�fUn < @LE[d < AHGMN@ < dR>/@ < EO�zi�a'>@L>r��pE7d#E[r D KWA�v�> < fTE�NN/>/nzdR>/b < C < dTsV>/E�b'fTdLA%dRa3>sVA�iT>/f.d�N/AHf.dXC D G'Nd < AHGB>!v[E�s D E�d < A�G�dRAYb�E�dR>�� < f D d < s <V® >b < GBNAHG"Ú D G3Nd < AHGpi < dLapdRa'>fL>5d#E[r Db'>!l�G < d < AHG3f/x

2 4 6 8 10 12 14165

170

175

180

185

190

195

200

205

210

215

220

Tabu Tenure

Fin

al c

ost

Initial Cost = 375.33Candidate List Size: 1Candidate List Size: 5Candidate List Size: 10Candidate List Size: 20

y�Û�Ü�ÝÞRßSÒ3x?{-Ï3×�ÖxߢÞUàlá�ÞUâäãSåæ�ß7áOà�Îxã�rÝ��çß�ãOÞUæ#a×àláOÞXy�Û|wçßbg�(ßd)i³á�ÞL��ÎxáHn<áHs�á�Ü��p­5nzdÊÛ�â�Û ® ã�ÔdÊÛ�á�åmØ.{�ÜÎXaß}ß c ߢæd�áOà�dLaß%vSã�s�Ýß�áOà�dLaß%dÊã�rÝ�dÊߢåÏÝÞRßz´rãOå3b�dRaß}fUÛ ® ß�áOà�dRa ß�æ�ãOå3bÛVb®ã�dÊß%s�ÛVf.d¯èá�å�dRa ßYnJߢÞUàlá�ÞUâäãOå æ�ß}áOà�Îxã�rÝm�çß�ãSÞRæ#aéàlá�ÞSdRaÛ?fSnÞUáHr's�ߢâ�iwã�f7Û�åev�ßfUdRÛ�Üêã[dRß/b�x%ÎXaß}l®ÞLf.dß!wzn<ß�ÞUÛ�â�ß�åed�æ�ãOÞUÞRÛ�ßb6á�Ý3d�ãOå®ã[s?� ® ßb©dLaß×ã�vOß�ÞRãOÜ�ßBl®å®ã�s°æ¢áHfUd�á�v�ߢÞZ{�Ï�ÞRÝå'fzáOà7{�ÏHÏz� ÏHÏ�ÏÛ?dRß�ÞRã[dÊÛ�á�å'f�ß�ãOæ#aëáHrzdaãOÛ�åß/b�re��ÞRÝå åÛ�åÜjÎxã�rÝ��çß�ãOÞUæ#a1ã�s�Ü�á�ÞUÛ?dRa âMf�i/Û?dRakæ�ãSå'bÛVbã[dÊßYs�ÛVfUdfRÛ ® ßf°èpÙíì {���Ðz��{�Ï3� � ÏSî~àlá�Þ�vSã�s�ÝßfuáOà�dRa ßSdaã�rÝpdRß�åÏÝÞUß7´�Ùíì {H�3Ý'�Ö3��{�йî�x�ÎXa ßiÞUß/fUÝ's?dLfãOÞUßtfUaá�i/å8Û�åMlÜ�ÝÞRß�Ò3x|{�Ï�ãOå3bÙãOÞUß�fRáOâdß!i�a®ã[d³Û�åedÊÞUÛ�Ü�ÝÛ�åÜ'x�y�Û�ÞUfUd³áOà_ã�s?s��êÛ|dwã[n'nJß�ãOÞLf�dRa®ã�d

Page 123: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

{�Ï[Ý

dRa ßqn<ß�Þ�àlá�ÞRâdãOåæ¢ß�àlá�Þ�dRa ßSvOãSÞRÛ�áOÝ'f�vSã�s�Ýßf°áOà�´ïÛVfwåß�ãOÞUs?�8Û?bß�åedRÛ�æ�ã[s�fRÝ Ü�Ü�ß/f.dÊÛ�åÜWdLa®ã[d/Û�ådRa ÛVffæ�ã�fUßtdLaß�dRß�åÏÝÞUßtvSã�s�Ý ß(áSà�{¯âdã-�Yr<ßtfUÝ ð�æ�Û�ߢåedkdÊáqnÞUßv�ߢåed°æ�Ñæ/s�Û�åÜ3x�y®ÝÞUdLaß�Þ�1i�a ÛVs�ßdRa ßYnJߢÞUàlá�ÞUâäãOå æ�ß�àlá�Þ[æ�ãOå3bÛVb®ã�dÊß}s�ÛVfUd�fRÛ ® ß}èjÙ¡{}Û?f¯à�ãOÛ�ÞUs?�×Ü�áÑázb���dRa ßYnJߢÞUàlá�ÞUâäãOå æ�ß+àláOÞè�Ù¡ÐÙÛVfSi³á�ÞUfRß��xãOå'b�dRa ßOlå®ã�s�æ�á�fUdRf7áHrzdaãOÛ�åß/b�i/Û?dLaéè�ÙÁ{�ÏeãOå'bkè�Ù � ÏeãOÞUß}åß�ãOÞUs?�ÛVb ß�åedÊÛ�æ�ã�sxãOå'b�r<ßdUdÊß�ÞtdRa®ãOå�dLa®ã[d�á�r3daãOÛ�åß/bgi/Û?dRa�èBÙ¡{H��fUÝÜ�Ü�ßfUdRÛ�åÜpdLa®ã[d7ãäæ�ãOå'bÛ?b®ã[dRßs�Û?fUdOfUÛ ® ß×áOà¯èÂÙ�{�ÏéÛVfzÜ�áÑázb�xº�çÛ�åæ�ßZdRaß-ã�s�Ü�á�ÞRÛ|dRaâïã�n'n<ß�ãSÞLfzà�ãOÛ�ÞUs?�1Û�å'bßnJߢå'bß�åeddáOàdRa ßpvOã[s�ÝßÙáSà�´���dRa ßpvOãSÞRÛ|ã�dÊÛ�áOåëáOà�dRaßplå®ã�suæ¢áHfUdLf}i/Û?dRa6è�iuã[fzàlÝ ÞUdRa ß�Þ}ß!wzn's�á�ÞRßbÄr��ãOåéß!wzn<ß�ÞUÛ�â�ß�åedQi�aß�ÞUßd´ ÛVfSl3wçßbëã[diãpvSã�s�Ýß}áOàTÝ'xYy�Û�Ü�ÝÞRß}Ò3x?{�{WfUaá�i�fqdLaß�ã-v�ß�ÞRãOÜ�ß[�â�Û�åÛ�â�ÝâñãOå'bkâäã�w Û�â�Ýâñæ�áHf.dQvOã[s�Ýßfiá�r3daãOÛ�åß/béá�v�ߢÞM{-ÏeÞUÝå'f7áOàt{�ÏHÏ3�ÛÏHÏHÏÙÛ|dÊߢÞÊã[dRÛ�á�å'fáOà�Îxã�rÝ��çß�ãOÞUæ#aEàlá�Þ(èpvOã[s�Ýßf[àlÞRáOâ¾{%dÊág{�Ï3x�ÎXaß}ã-v�ߢÞÊãOÜOß�ÞRßfRÝ's|dRf[áHr3daãSÛ�åßbgi/Û?dLa�dRa ßÜ�ÞUß�ß/bz�ZfRß�ãSÞRæ#aEã[s�Ü�á�ÞUÛ?dLaâ�Ø�~�� i/Û|dRa}ò�ÙhÏeÜuãOÞUß+ã[sVfRáYn3s�á�dUdÊß/b8àlá�Þ°æ¢á�âWn®ãOÞRÛ?fRá�å�x

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10160

180

200

220

240

260

280

300

initialCost = 359.85

Fin

al c

ost

Candidate list size

averageminmaxGreedy Search

y�Û�Ü�ÝÞRßSÒ3x?{�{H×�ÖxߢÞUàlá�ÞUâäãSåæ�ß7áOà�Îxã�rÝ��çß�ãOÞUæ#a×àláOÞXy�Û|wçßbg�(ßd)i³á�ÞL��ÎxáHn<áHs�á�Ü��p­5nzdÊÛ�â�Û ® ã�ÔdÊÛ�á�åmØ � Ü �d°ã[n'nJß�ãOÞLffàlÞRáOâ¢lÜ�ÝÞRßtÒ3x|{H{tdLa®ã[d�dRaßtnJߢÞUàlá�ÞUâäãSåæ�ß(áOà£Îxã�rÝZ�Ñß�ãOÞUæ#a8ÛVffà�ãOÛ�ÞUs?��ÜOáçá1b�àláOÞæ�ãSå'bÛVbã[dÊß�s�Û?fUd�fRÛ ® ß/ft{H� � x�Îxã�rÝB�Ñß�ãOÞUæ#aBnJߢÞUàlá�ÞUâMf � ÝÛ?dRßtn<áÑá�ÞLs|��àlá�Þ5èYÙhÑ�Ø�ßvOß�åpi³á�ÞLfUßdRaãOå}Ü�ÞRߢß/b3�}fRß�ãSÞRæ#azá�åzã-v�ߢÞÊãOÜ�ß-Ü!�ÑãOå'b}dLaß�ÞUß�ãSà§dRß�Þ�Û�âMnÞUá�v�ß/f�Û�åzã�â�á�åá�dRá�åÛ�æfà�ã�fUaÛ�á�åzã[fè7ÛVfxÛ�åæ¢ÞRß�ã[fRß/b}dRá}{�Ï3x� �dfã�s?fRá�ã[n'nJß�ãOÞLf�dRa®ã[d�dRaßTvOãSÞRÛ|ãSåæ�ß³Û�å%dLaßkl®å®ã[s3fRá�s�Ý3dRÛ�á�åiáHr3dÊãOÛ�åßb

Page 124: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

{�ÏHÐ

ÛVf�v�ߢÞU�7fRâdã�sVs�àláOÞ�èYÙ¯{�Ï3x�ÎXaÛ?f�ÛVf�æ�ߢÞUdÊãOÛ�å's|��á1b'b%r<ß/a®ã-vÑÛ�áOÝÞ/x�^[á�i6æ�ãOå+Û?d�rJß5ß!wzn's�ãOÛ�å ß/bNóè�Û?f�ß c ß�æ!dÊÛ|v�ß/s|�}dRa ß�r ÞÊãOåæ#a Û�åÜ�à�ãOæ!dÊá�Þ�ã�dfß�ãOæ#aWfUdRß/n��ÏÛ�å3bÛ�æ�ã[dÊÛ�åÜSaá�iºdLaß°åߢÛ�ÜHa�r<á�ÞLaáÑá1báOàxß�ãOæ#aZn<á�Û�åed/Û?f�fÊãOâWn's�ß/bBr<ߢàlá�ÞUßiâdã��ÏÛ�å Ü}ã}âdá�v�ß[xT­�å ß5nJáHfUfRÛ?r's�ß�ß�wzn's|ãOåã[dÊÛ�á�åÙàlá�Þ�dRa ßáHr'fUß�Þ.vOã�dÊÛ�áOåÕÛ?fOdLa®ã[d�á�å�ã�vOß�ÞRãOÜ�ß�{-Û�åºÑéåß�Û�ÜHa�rJáOÞLf�áOà�ß�ãOæ#aºn<á�Û�åed�Û�å¨dLaßgfUn®ãOæ¢ßEãOÞUßâ�ÛVfLs�ß�ã�b Û�åÜÙÛ�å�dRa®ã[dQdLaß��dLa®ã[dqs�ß�ã�b�dRaßOfUß�ãOÞUæ#aëÛ�åedRájs�áçæ�ã�s�â�Û�åÛ�âäãzx7�oaߢåôá�å3s?��á�å ßn<á�Û�åed�Û?f�fRãOâMn3s�ß/b��PdLaß}fRß�ãOÞRæ#a�i/Û?sVs�ãOæ�æ¢ß/n3d5dLa®ã[d�nJá�Û�åed�Ýåæ¢á�å'bÛ|dÊÛ�á�å®ã�s?s?�8Ûõà�Û?d[ÛVf[åá�d�Û�ådRa ß�dÊã�rÝWs�Û?fUd-xx^[á�i³ßvOß�Þ/�1i�aß�åäã[dfß�ãSæ#a�fUdRß/ndã�r<á�Ý3d�Ñ7åß�Û�ÜHa�rJá�ÞUffãOÞRß�fRãOâMn3s�ß/b��êæ#a®ãOåæ¢ß/fãOÞUßkdRa®ã�d�nÛ�æ#�ÑÛ�åÜSdRa ß�s�á�i³ß/fUd�áOà;dRaáHfUß�n<á�Û�åedRf�s�ß�ã[b'f�dRá7ãtdÊÞRã�njØ�s�áçæ�ã�sÏâdÛ�åÛ�â�Ý âpÜ�x£��f�dRa ßæ�ãSå'bÛVbã[dÊß�s�Û?fUd�fRÛ ® ß(Û�åæ¢ÞRß�ã[fRß/fTrJß!��á�å3bBÑ3�Ñâdá�ÞUß/áOà�dRa ߯åߢÛ�ÜHa�r<á�ÞLaáÑá1bdÛ?f�r<ß�Û�åÜ%fRãOâWn's�ßbãOå'bgdRaß}r<ßdUdÊߢޯß!wzn's�á�ÞÊã�dÊÛ�áOåöáOà�dLaß�åߢÛ�ÜHa�r<á�ÞLa áçá1bEã�s?s�á�i�f�dRaß}fUß�ãOÞUæ#a�dÊáÙßfRæ�ã�nJß%fRÝæ#adÊÞRã�n'fre�}l®å'b Û�åÜ7ÞRßs|ã[dRÛ?vOß/s?��ÞÊãOÞUß�Þ�s�á�i³ß/f.d�nJá�Û�åedRf�Û�åYdLaß/åß�Û�ÜHa�rJá�ÞUaáÑázbjØJnJߢÞLa®ã�n3f³ã[rJá�Ýzd{7Û�å�{�ÏeÜTdLa®ã[d�bá�åá�d�s�ß�ã�bBdRáMs�áçæ�ã�s~â�Û�åÛ�âäãzx

úZûG÷ ���5þ��HÿWþf� �}ý��/� ÿz��ø��5ýE�¯ù�ú��rûïü¢ýWÿWþfú¢ù�c�� þ

ΰÿß8Û�å��®Ýߢåæ�ß8áOà��<á��Ý��|ã��RÛ�á�å�RÛ ® ß8ãOå���Uß ��ß�æ��RÛ�á�å�Êß�æaÿ åÛ � Ýßeá�å��Rÿß��<ß�ÞUàláOÞRâdãOåæ�ßdáOà� ß�åß��ÊÛ�æ�����Ü�á�ÞUÛ��Rÿâ����uã��dÛ�å��Oß ���ÊÛ�Ü�ã��Êß���¿Î°ÿ ß��RÿÞRß¢ß �Uß ��ߢæ��RÛ�á�å��ÊߢæaÿåÛ � Ý ß �! Û"�Ræ¢Ý��#�Uß Û�åZæaÿ®ã$�%�Êß�Þ�Ð�ÔMÖfÞUá��<á�Þ&�RÛ�á�å®ã��('çß ��ß�æ��ÊÛ�áOå�)SÎ�á�ÝÞRåãOâdߢå*�+'Ñß ��ߢæ��RÛ�á�å�)�ãOå�-,[ãOå�.eÔ0/®ã$�Uß 'çß���ß�æ��ÊÛ�á�å��wߢÞRß7æ�áOâ��®ãSÞRß ÙàláOÞ1�ÊÿÛ��2�ÞUá�/���ߢâ ã��2�wß��"�3�/Û4�Êÿ��Êÿ ß5�ÊãOâ�ß6�®ãOÞRãOâ�ß��ÊߢÞ#����ΰÿß�Êÿ ÞRß�ß1�RÝ�/zÔ0����á��7�98�Û�Ü�ÝÞUß�Ò��4: � �Uÿá;�<�Rÿß=�<ß�ÞUàláOÞRâdãOåæ�ß³áOàNß�ãSæaÿ>�Rß�æaÿå Û � Ýßuàlá�Þ?�Já�� Ý��|ã��RÛ�á�å�RÛ�@�ß��ÙÞÊãOå Ü�Û�åÜéàlÞRáOâ :-ÏA�ÊáB:�ÏHÏëÛ�å�Û�åæ�ÞUß�â�ß�å*�7�dáOàqÐ%�-8®á�Þdß�ãOæaÿC�Rß���ߢæ��ÊÛ�á�åD�Rß�æaÿåÛ � ÝßãOå���<á��Ý��|ã��RÛ�á�å�RÛ"@¢ß��®ãOÞRãOâ�ß��ÊߢÞE�Sã$��Ý ß+:�ÏöÛ�å�ß �<ß�å�ß�å*�zÞRÝ å��}æ�á�å��RÛ"���ÊÛ�åÜ�áOà(:�ÏHÏ%) ÏHÏ�ÏàlÝåæ��ÊÛ�á�å ß��Sã$��Ý®ã��RÛ�á�å��>�³ß�ÞRßöæ�ãOÞUÞRÛ�ß� á�Ý�� �GF0�ÙÛ��äæ���ß�ãSÞ��Êÿã��!�Rÿß+�<ß�ÞUàláOÞRâdãOåæ�ß-áOà5�Êÿ ß� ß�åß��ÊÛ�æ5����Ü�áOÞRÛ��RÿâH�³Û�� � Ý Û��Êß�ÞUá�/Ý����(ãOå�eÛ�å�ß �<ß�å� ß�å*�(áOà?�Rÿß5�RÛ�@�ß�áOàI�Êÿ ß5�Já�� Ý��|ã��RÛ�á�åàlá�ÞE�RÿÛ"�J�ÞRá$/���ߢâ ��ΰÿß��<ß�Þ�àlá�ÞRâdãOåæ¢ßäáOà��Êÿ ßK�ÞRá��<á�Þ��ÊÛ�áOå®ã$�5ãOå��/Û�å®ãOÞ�L�Rá�ÝÞRåãOâdߢå*�

Page 125: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:�Ï�Ò

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100150

200

250initialCost = 306.15

Fin

al C

ost

Proportional Selection

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100150

200

250

Fin

al C

ost

Tournament Selection

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100150

200

250

300

Population Size

Fin

al C

ost

Rank−based Selection

averageminmax

8�Û�Ü�ÝÞRßNM%��: �PORQ ß�Þ�àlá�ÞRâdãOåæ¢ßéáOà � ß�åß��ÊÛ�æS�T��ÜOá�ÞRÛ4�ÊÿâH�äàlá�Þ�8�ÛVUçß -W[ß��X�³á�Þ&.CYxá��<á���á�Ü$LZ ���ÊÛ�âdÛ�@�ã��RÛ�á�å

Page 126: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:;[�\

1 2 3 4 50

50

100

150

200

250

Algorithms: Greedy, RW (p=0.05), SA, TS, GA

Fin

al C

osts

maximumaverageminimum

8�Û�Ü�ÝÞRßJM��4:;] O_^ á�âH�®ãOÞUÛ"�Uá�åöáOà`'çß�ãOÞUæaÿS�T��Ü�á�ÞRÛ4�ÊÿâH�°àlá�Þ�8�Û4Uçß +W[ß��X�³á�Þ&.aY�á��Já$��á�Ü$L Z �Pb�ÊÛ�âdÛ�@�ã��RÛ�á�å+ced+�gf ! h ]�ijd+���f hGk [�i�#ml[' n+*To h � [*p�Rß���ߢæ��ÊÛ�á�åH�Ræaÿߢâdß��uÛ"�5ã$/<á�Ý��`�Êÿ ßT�ÊãSâdß=�/Û��Rÿ��Rÿß���ã��#�Rß�Þ`�<ß�ÞUàláOÞRâ�Û�åÜ7ã���Û��&�7��ß2/Jß��#�Rß�Þ �`8®á�ÞÞRß�ã$�RáOå���â�ß�å*�ÊÛ�á�åß�1Û�åkæaÿ®ã$���Rß�Þ k )?�Êÿ ßäÞÊãSå�.�bX/®ã$�Uß ��Uß ��ß�æ��RÛ�á�åA�ÊߢæaÿåÛ � Ýßdà�ãOÞRß���ÞÊãq�ÊÿߢÞ�<áçá�Þ&��L�àlá�Þ2�Êÿ Û"�=�ÞUá�/���ߢâ�ã$�=�³ß �"�e�8®ÞRá�â ãOå&Û�å��#�<ß�æ��ÊÛ�á�å�áOàE�RÿßArå®ã$��ÞRß��RÝ��4�7���ÞRáPÝæ¢ß -/�L � ß�å ß��ÊÛ�æN�T��ÜOá�ÞRÛ4�ÊÿâH�!�/Û��RÿY�á�ÝÞRåãOâdߢå*�>'çß���ß�æ��ÊÛ�á�å�)�Û��+ã$���<ß�ãOÞ&�J�Rÿ®ã����Êÿß�LëãSÞRß��Oß�Þ�L��Û".Sß ��LS�Rÿß�Ü���á�/ã$�"�4LEá����RÛ�âdã$��Rá$��Ý��RÛ�á�å��wá�Þ2��ߢÞ&Leæ ��á��Rß5�Rá�Û4�s� Z åß(�UÝ����<á�Þ&�°àlá�Þ2�RÿÛ"�=�&�Jߢæ�Ý���ã��ÊÛ�á�åeÛ"�1�Rÿß�à�ãOæ��=�Rÿ®ã����Êÿ ßâ�Û�åÛ�â�Ýâ æ¢á��&�+àlÝåæ��ÊÛ�áOå�Uá���Ý��RÛ�á�åkÞRß��ÊÝÞUåß t/�LN�Rÿß � �u�/Û4�ÊÿN�Êá�Ý ÞRå®ãOâ�ß�å*�J�Rß���ß�æ��ÊÛ�á�åàlá�Þ°ß�ãOæaÿa�<á��Ý���ã��ÊÛ�á�å!�Sã$��Ýß�Û"�°ßvUãSæ��7�4L��Êÿ ß��RãOâ�ß$�

Page 127: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:;[$w

100

101

102

103

104

105

150

200

250

300

350

400

initialCost = 368.01

Cost function evaluations

Cos

t

GreedyRW (p = 0.05)SATSGA

8�Û�Ü�ÝÞRßJM��4:sx O_^ á�âH�®ãOÞUÛ"�Uá�åöáOà`'çß�ãOÞUæaÿS�T��Ü�á�ÞRÛ4�ÊÿâH�°àlá�Þ�8�Û4Uçß +W[ß��X�³á�Þ&.aY�á��Já$��á�Ü$L Z �Pb�ÊÛ�âdÛ�@�ã��RÛ�á�å+ced+�gf ! h ]�ijd+���f hGk [�i�#ml[' n+*To h � [*p5cy:E'çãOâ�����ß5,/ÝåzpúZûj{ |¥ÿ�� }E�}þfú�þ�ÿWý ÿz�G~�ü�ýOÿMþfú¢ù�c�� þ

� ÞRß�ß��LN'Ñß�ãOÞUæaÿ�)I,[ãOå�á�â��1ã$��.�c ò h [���[ k pv)�'çÛ�â�Ý��|ãq�Êß a�¯ååß�ã$��Û�åÜNc��/Û��Êÿ�ÜOß�á�â�ß��RÞRÛ�ææ�áÑá���Û�åÜ��Ræaÿß�Ý���ß$)5.�� h [�� Ö�Ö*pv)�Y�ã�/Ý<'çß�ãSÞRæaÿmc��/Û4�Êÿ$´ h x�)�è h :;[*p�)�ãOå� � ß�åß��ÊÛ�æ�T��Ü�á�ÞUÛ��Êÿ â�c��/Û��Êÿ×ã��<á��Ý���ã��ÊÛ�á�å��RÛ�@�ß7áOà k [�)®ãSå�-ß���Û4�ÊÛ"���2/Û�å®ãOÞ�L!�ÊáOÝÞRå®ãSâdߢå����Uß ��ß�æ��RÛ�á�å�p�³ß�ÞRß-æ�á�âH�®ãOÞUß <�/Û��ÊÿÕß�ãOæaÿ�á$�ÊÿߢÞ�àláOÞ>�Rÿß�Û�Þ��<ß�Þ�àlá�ÞRâdãOåæ¢ßeá�åB�Rÿß � ÞRá�/���ß�â��C8�Û�Ü�ÝÞRßM��4:;] �Uÿá;���E�Êÿ ßÙãs��ߢÞÊãOÜ�ß�)�âdÛ�åÛ�â�Ýâ ãOå�1âäã�U Û�â�Ýâ�rå®ã$�5æ�á�����á�/��ÊãOÛ�å ß �/Û4�Êÿt�Rÿß �Ußã$��Ü�á�ÞRÛ4�ÊÿâH�uÛ�åA:s[�[�ÞUÝå���)<ß�ãOæaÿöæ¢á�å��UÛ"�&�RÛ�åÜzáOà1:;[�[�)�[�[�[}æ¢á��&�(àlÝåæ��ÊÛ�áOå-ß��Oã���Ý®ã��RÛ�á�å��uàlá�Þ/ãåß��X�wá�Þ&.��/Û��Rÿ ]H�=' ^ ��) k [>�1Y_'%�(ãOå�ö� ��� �1Y_' h � [��F0�³Û"�fá�/��Uß�Þ&�Oß ��Rÿ®ã��fàlá�Þ9�ÊÿÛ���� ÞRá�/���ß�â�)*Y�ã�/ÝK'çß�ãOÞRæaÿÙãOå� � ß�å ß��ÊÛ�æ��T��ÜOá�ÞRÛ4�ÊÿâH�9�ÞRá;�ÑÛ" ßåß�ãOÞ�b�á����ÊÛ�âäã���rå®ã$�_�Rá���Ý��ÊÛ�á�å�� �G,[ãOå�á�â �1ã$��.��/Û��Êÿ ã��Râdã$�"���ÞUá�/®ã$/Û���Û4�XL6áOà7Ý��ÿÛ��"�â�á��Oß �5�<ß�Þ�àlá�ÞRâH�6/<ß��#�Rß�Þ6�Rÿ®ãOå � ÞRß�ß��LA'çß�ãOÞRæaÿ3)��/ÿÛ"��ßE�Êÿß��<ß�Þ�àlá�ÞRâdãOåæ¢ß�áOà1'çÛ�â�Ý��|ãq�Êß

Page 128: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:;[OÖ�¯å åß�ã$��Û�åÜ���Û�ß �_�Rá�â�ß��/ÿߢÞRß�/<ß��X�³ß�ߢåS�ÊÿßE�X�³á��5W(á�åß+áOà9�Êÿß��Rß���ã$�&���ÊÿÞUß�ß}ã���Ü�á�ÞUÛ��Rÿâ���)ÿá;�³ß���ß¢Þ )fã$���Jß�ãOÞ��Ráa/<ßäã�/���ß>�Êá �ÞRá;�ÑÛ"ß�Ü�áÑá% � Ý®ã$��Û��XLS�Uá���Ý��RÛ�á�å�� ��Y°ÿÛ���Û���� ÞRá�/®ã�/���LÝß5�Rá��Êÿß(�Rß�ãOÞRæaÿ��#�ãOæ�ß(/<ß�Û�å Ü}ÞRß�ã��"��LdÞRáOÝÜ�ÿeãOå�8àlÝ����~áOà?��áÑæ�ã��~â�Û�åÛ�âäã��IYxã$/Ý 'çß�ãSÞRæaÿ�/Û��Rÿ8Û��#�°ãOÜ�Ü�ÞUß �&�RÛ��Oß$)å á�å%b©æ�LÑæ ��Û�åÜ�)çß�U%����áOÞÊã��RÛ�á�åÙáSàI�Rÿß5�#�ãOæ�ßiãOå� � ß�å ß��ÊÛ�æ6�T��Ü�á�ÞUÛ��Êÿ â���/Û��Rÿ�Rÿß�Û�Þ+Û�åÿß�ÞUß�å*���ãOÞÊã$����ß���Û"�Uâ�/<á$�Rÿt�<ß�ÞUàláOÞRâ�/<ß��#�Rß�Þiàlá�ÞJ�UÝæaÿ$ã��ÞRá�/���ß�â���8�Û�Ü�ÝÞRßM��4:sxH�Rÿá;���T�RÿßE/<ß ���¯æ¢á��&�T�Rß�ߢå+�ÊáH®ã��RßJ��ߢÞ#�UÝ���åÏÝâ�/<ß�Þ(áOà�æ¢á��&�[àlÝåæ��RÛ�á�å×ß��Sã$��Ý®ã��RÛ�á�å��àlá�Þ�ã6�ÊãOâH����ß³ÞRÝå}áSàNß�ãOæaÿ�ã$��Ü�á�ÞRÛ4�Êÿâ&àlá�Þ��Êÿ Û"��� ÞRá�/���ß�â��?Y°ÿ ß � ߢåß��RÛ�æ1����Ü�áOÞRÛ��RÿâH�?���aãOÞ��á$�+�/Û4�Êÿeã���á;�ZÛ�å Û��ÊÛ�ã$�Næ�á����_/Jߢæ�ãOÝ��Uß7á�åß�áOàI�Êÿß k [��Já�Û�å*�7�°æaÿá��Uß�å-Û�åÛ4�ÊÛ|ã��"��L�ã��/ÞÊãSå�á�âÿ®ã$���Jߢåß ��Êázÿ®ãs��ß+ã���á;��æ¢á��&� �Y�áôÛ�å��Oß ���ÊÛ�Ü�ã��Êßeÿá;���Rÿß��JߢÞUàlá�ÞUâäãSåæ�ß8áOà��Êÿß��Rß-ã$��ÜOá�ÞRÛ4�ÊÿâH�E�Uæ�ã$��ß ���/Û��RÿR�Rÿß��RÛ�@�ßeáOà�Êÿ ß��ÞUá�/���ß�â�)��Rÿß �Uß�ã$��Ü�á�ÞUÛ��Êÿ â����³ß�ÞU߯æ�áOâ��®ãSÞRß �àlá�Þ9�X�wá�á$�ÊÿߢÞ�� ÞRá�/���ß�â Û�å��&�ÊãOåæ�ß�� O ã�p�Râdã$����ß�Þ5�Uß�ãOÞUæaÿt�&�®ãOæ�ß O d��zf !Dh � ijd�� ��f h � [�i�#-l(' n+*To h : k /zp6��ãOÞRÜ�ߢÞ(�Rß�ãSÞRæaÿ�#�ãOæ�ß O d��zf !Ah \%ijd+� ��f h � [�[�i�#ml[' n+*To h ]�[���Y°ÿß�ã���Ü�á�ÞUÛ��Rÿâ��2�³ß�ÞUß�ÞRÝ å �/Û��Rÿ�Êÿ ßT�ÊãSâdß_�®ãOÞRãOâdß��ÊߢÞ��Uß��&�ÊÛ�å Ü��uã$��/<ߢàlá�ÞUß[àlá�Þ�:;[iÞRÝå��³áOà9:;[$[�)�[$[�[iæ¢á��&�5àlÝåæ��ÊÛ�á�åäß��Oã���Ý®ãqb�ÊÛ�á�å��³ß�ãOæaÿ8á�åK/<á$�Rÿ!�Êÿß��Rß5�ÞUá�/���ß�â Û�å����aãOå æ�ß ���`Y°ÿß�ÞRß��RÝ��4�7�°ãSÞRß6�Uÿá;�/å8Û�å!r®ÜOÝÞRß���M���: kãOå��M���:sM���8®ÞRáOâGr®Ü�ÝÞUß=M��4: k )OÛ4��ã����Jß�ãOÞ#�I�Êÿ®ãq��àlá�ÞI�Êÿß��Râdã$�"��ß�ÞI�Rß�ãSÞRæaÿ��#�ãOæ�ß1�/ÿ Û"��ß�Y�ã�/Ý'çß�ãOÞRæaÿkãOå� � ߢåß��RÛ�æ�����Ü�á�ÞUÛ��Rÿâ�����áçæ�ã��Êß�a�Êÿß�á����ÊÛ�âäã��I�Uá���Ý%�ÊÛ�áOåöÛ�åöß���ߢÞ&La�RÛ�å Ü���ß+ÞRÝå�)�Êÿ ßiá��ÊÿߢÞ_�RÿÞRߢß+ã���Ü�á�ÞUÛ��Rÿâ����wߢÞRß+ã$/���ß6�Rá� á��Uá���ß �#�°àlÞUß � Ýß�å*�#��Lc��Rÿá�ÝÜOÿ��Rÿß�L�Û� �Uáã��1��ß�ã��&�uáOåæ�ß�Û�å��Êÿ ß�:;[�ÞUÝå��jpv�`Y°ÿÛ"�2�UÝÜ�Ü�ß��&�#�2�Êÿ®ã��1�JߢÞRÿ®ã����1�Êÿ ß�Û�Þ��JߢÞUàlá�ÞUâäãSåæ�ß[æ�á�Ý���/<ßiÛ�â�� ÞRá;��ß�öã��_��ß�ã$���°àlá�Þ=�Êÿß(�Râdã$����ß�Þ1�ÞRá�/���ß�â�/�LeÝ��RÛ�å ÜäãzÞRßvbX�&�ÊãOÞ&�/â�ß�æaÿãOåÛ"�Uâ�c���Û".Oß�Êÿ ß[â�Ý����ÊÛVbX���aãOÞ��9��áÑæ�ã$���Rß�ãSÞRæaÿ�ß��Ræ¢ÞRÛ"/<ß äÛ�å�æaÿ®ã$���Rß�Þ k p��E�Êÿ Û"�fÛ"�9�³á�Þ&�RÿäÛ�å*�Oß �&�RÛ�Üêãq�ÊÛ�å Ü+Û�åàlÝ��RÝÞRß_�wá�Þ&.zá�å!�Êÿ ßT�RÝ�/ÑÚUß�æ��s�`Y°ÿßT�<ß�Þ�àlá�ÞRâdãOåæ¢ß[æ¢á�âH�®ãOÞRÛ��Rá�å��³áOà3�Êÿß��Rß�ã$��Ü�á�ÞUÛ��Êÿ â���àláOÞ�Êÿ ß=�|ãOÞUÜ�ß�Þ?�ÞRá�/���ß�â��Rÿá;�/å�Û�å�r®ÜOÝÞRß�M��4:;M�ÞRãOå�.����Êÿß/ã���Ü�á�ÞUÛ��Rÿâ���Û�å}Û�åæ�ÞUß�ã$�UÛ�åÜ�áOÞ#ߢÞ�áOà�<ß�ÞUàláOÞRâdãOåæ�ß³ã$�_àlá��"��á;��� OI� ÞRß�ß��L��Rß�ãOÞRæaÿ�)*'çÛ�â�Ý��|ã��Rß ��¯ååß�ã$��Û�åÜ�)�,[ãSå�á�âG�ëã$�".�c��/Û��Rÿ� h [���[ k pv)3Yxã$/ÝN'çß�ãOÞRæaÿ3)_ãOå� � ß�åß��ÊÛ�æE�T��Ü�á�ÞUÛ��Êÿ â���� � ß�å ß��ÊÛ�æE����Ü�á�ÞUÛ��Rÿâ��=�³ß�ÞUßzã$/���ß

Page 129: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:�:s[

1 2 3 4 50

20

40

60

80

100

120

Algorithms: Greedy, RW (p=0.05), SA, TS, GA

Fin

al C

ost

maximumaverageminimum

8�Û�Ü�ÝÞRßJM��4: k O_^ á�âH�®ãOÞUÛ"�Uá�åöáOà`'çß�ãOÞUæaÿS�T��Ü�á�ÞRÛ4�ÊÿâH�°àlá�Þ�8�Û4Uçß +W[ß��X�³á�Þ&.aY�á��Já$��á�Ü$L Z �Pb�ÊÛ�âdÛ�@�ã��RÛ�á�å+ced+�gf ! h � ijd+���f h � [�i�#ml[' n+*To h : k p

1 2 3 4 50

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Algorithms: Greedy, RW (p=0.05), SA, TS, GA

Fin

al C

ost

maximumaverageminimum

8�Û�Ü�ÝÞRßJM��4:;M O_^ á�âH�®ãOÞUÛ"�Uá�åöáOà`'çß�ãOÞUæaÿS�T��Ü�á�ÞRÛ4�ÊÿâH�°àlá�Þ�8�Û4Uçß +W[ß��X�³á�Þ&.aY�á��Já$��á�Ü$L Z �Pb�ÊÛ�âdÛ�@�ã��RÛ�á�å+ced+�gf ! h \%ijd+���f h � [�[�ia#-l[' n+*To h ]�[�p

Page 130: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:�:$:

10−2

10−1

100

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

Standard deviation of BTS moves

final

cos

ts

α = 5

greedyRW, p=0.05SATSGA

8�Û�Ü�ÝÞRß�M��4:�\ O Ô��Jß�æ���áOà_W(ß�Û�ÜOÿP/<á�ÞUÿáçáPô�ß�r®åÛ4�ÊÛ�á�åôáOåR'çß�ãSÞRæaÿ��T��Ü�á�ÞUÛ��Êÿ â���àlá�ÞJ8�ÛVU ß�W[ß��X�wáOÞ#.KY�á��Já$��á�Ü$L Z ���ÊÛ�âdÛ�@�ã��RÛ�á�å+c,�ß��ÑÛ�ã��ÊÛ�á�åÙáOà��=' ^ �×á��Oß �7p�Êá�r®å�-åß�ãOÞ�b�á����RÛ�âdã$���Uá���Ý%�ÊÛ�áOå��uß��Oß�å×àlá�Þ2�ÊÿÛ��=�|ãOÞUÜ�ß6�ÞUá�/���ß�â�)%�/ÿÛ���ß�Û4�/ã$���<ß�ãOÞUß ��Êÿ®ãq�Yxã$/ÝN'çß�ãOÞRæaÿ �wá�Ý��"EÞUß � ÝÛ�ÞUß+â�á�ÞUß+Û4�Êß�ÞRã��ÊÛ�á�å��=�Êá���áÑæ�ã��Rß5�Êÿß��Rß��Uá���Ý��RÛ�á�å�� ��8®ÞRá�â��Rÿß �Ußß�U%�<ß�ÞUÛ�â�ß�å*�7��)®Û��/Û"�°æ���ß�ãOÞ2�Êÿ®ãq� � ߢåß��RÛ�æ5�T��Ü�á�ÞUÛ��Êÿ â��°ãSÞRß5/<ß �&��bX�UÝÛ��Rß eàlá�Þ2�ÊÿÛ��=�ÞRá$/���ߢâ �

úZûj� �-�$���/ù�ÿz�¡ £¢�ú¢ý�¤�¥t¦H§`¤+¦K¦�¨ ©ª¢T«A¬�ú¢ù�ú�¦�¬

�T��ß��Ræ¢ÞRÛ"/<ß ×Û�å��Uß�æ��RÛ�á�å�M���]�)��Rÿß(ß�r®å Û��ÊÛ�á�å8áOàI�Êÿß7åߢÛ�Ü�ÿ�/<á�ÞRÿ áçáPKß �<ß�å���[Ý��Já�å��Êÿ ß�Sã$��Ý ß ��áOà��Rÿß2�®ãSÞÊãOâ�ß��Rß�Þ#�?­Ac�ß��ÑÛ|ã��RÛ�á�å+áOà��=' ^ âdá;�Oß �jpv)ÏãOå�E®`¯v)�®?°s�?Y°ÿß°ß��Jß�æ���áOàz�Êÿ ß�Sã$��Ý ßdáOà�­�Ý��JáOåt�Êÿß��JߢÞUàlá�ÞUâäãSåæ�ßdáOà2�Êÿ ß �Rßeã���Ü�á�ÞUÛ��Rÿâ��6�wã$��ßvU ãOâdÛ�åß t/�LkÞUÝååÛ�åÜß�ãSæaÿ ã$��Ü�á�ÞRÛ4�ÊÿâH�!:s[S�RÛ�â�ß ��àlá�ÞK:s[�[�)�[�[�[�ß��Sã$��Ý®ã��ÊÛ�á�å���àláOÞH­ h ì±[���[�:�)�[��4:�)�:¢î²�RY°ÿß��RßÞRß��RÝ��4�7�°ãSÞRß[àláOÞ��Rÿß6ßGà�ãOÝ������ÞUá�/���ߢâ³�RÛ"@¢ß O dJ´gfqµ h·¶ ijdJ´�¸�f h·¶ [�ij¹-l�º n�»6o h : k �Y°ÿßzãs��ߢÞÊãOÜOß�r®å®ã$�xæ�á�����á�/��ÊãOÛ�åß�öàlá�Þ�ß�ãOæaÿ�Û"�T�Rÿá;�/åéÛ�åarÜ�ÝÞRß�M���:;\%�5�T�6­$Û�åæ�ÞUß�ã$�Uß ��)�Êÿ ߯åߢÛ�Ü�ÿ�/<á�ÞRÿáÑáPäáOà�ß�ãOæaÿK�<á�Û�å*��/Jߢæ�á�â�ß �2/ Û�Ü�Ü�ߢÞ6c�ã$���Rÿß6�2' ^ �°ãOÞUß�ã$����á;�wß���Rá�âdá;�OßàlÝÞ��ÊÿߢÞjp��J8®á�ÞT�Rÿß�,(ãOå�á�â¼�1ã��".��T��Ü�á�ÞRÛ4�ÊÿâH�[ãOå�'çÛ�â�Ý��|ã��Rß +�[ååß�ã$��Û�åÜ�)4ã��<ß�Þ�àlá�Þ�b

Page 131: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:�: ¶âdãOåæ�ß�Û�âH�ÞRá;��ߢâdߢå*��Û"���Rß�ߢå�àlÞRá�â¼­ h [%��[�:J�Êá�[��4:�/<ß�æ�ãSÝ��Rß}Ûõà9�Êÿß}åߢÛ�Ü�ÿ�/<á�ÞRÿ áçáPöÛ��ß�r®åß �ã$��/JߢÛ�åÜ_�ÊáÑá6�Râdã$�"�e)q�Rÿß �Uß°ã$��Ü�á�ÞRÛ4�ÊÿâH�_ÿ®ãs��ß/ã¯ÜOÞRß�ãq�Êß�ÞI�Êߢå�ß�å æ�L��Rá6/Jß��ÊÞÊã����Jß�Û�åK��áçæ�ã$�<á����ÊÛ�âäã%��Y°ÿߢÛ�Þ=�<ß�ÞUàláOÞRâdãOåæ�ßTß��Rß�ÞRÛ�á�ÞÊãq�Êß �/ã��=­�Û"�uÛ�åæ�ÞUß�ã$�Uß eàlÝÞ&�Rÿß�Þ2�RáK:5/Jßvbæ�ãSÝ��RßE�RÿßE�Uß�ãOÞUæaÿS/JߢÜ�Û�å��_�RáÙã$���<ß�ãSÞ¯â�á�ÞRß+ãOå�-âdá�ÞUßJ��Û".Sß�ã�ÞÊãOå� á�â��ÊãOâH����Û�åÜzáOà9�Êÿ ß�#�ãOæ�ß��CY�ã$/ ÝC'çß�ãOÞRæaÿ½�<ß�Þ�àlá�ÞRâH�zß ¾ÏÝ®ã$����L��³ß ���°àlá�Þ>­ h [���[�:-ãOå�D[���:$)1/Ý����&�ÊãOÞ&�#�H�Rá�<ß�ÞUàláOÞRâ¼�JáÑá�Þ#�4L×ã$�6­1Û��¯Û�åæ�ÞUß�ã$�Uß S�Êá+:$� � ߢåß��RÛ�æ�����Ü�áOÞRÛ��RÿâH� )Ná�åæ¢ß}ãOÜêãOÛ�å�)<á$�~ߢÞT�Êÿ ßâ�á��&�(ÞRá$/Ý��&�T�Rá���Ý��ÊÛ�á�å×ã$���Rÿß�L��<ß�Þ�àlá�ÞRâ ã�/Já�Ý%���RÿßJ�RãOâ�ß�ã��[ß�ãSæaÿa�Sã$��Ýß7áOà�­�)��Êÿá�Ý Ü�ÿÛ��/Û��=�#��Û�Ü�ÿ*�7�4L��³á�Þ&�Rßiã��_­ h :��8�Û�Ü�ÝÞRß���M��4:;w bJM�� ¶�¶ �Rÿ á�� ÿá;�¿�RÿßK�<ß�ÞUàláOÞRâdãOåæ�ß8áSà[ß�ãOæaÿÕã$��Ü�áOÞRÛ��Rÿâ Û"��ã��~ߢæ��Rß </�L�SãOÞ&LÑÛ�åÜ��Rÿß��Sã$��Ýß��+áSà�®`¯Hc��Êÿß>�ÞUá�/®ã$/ Û"��Û4�XLEáOàwâäã�.ÑÛ�åÜeåá �1Y_'ôã$����áÑæ�ã��RÛ�á�åaÝÞRÛ�åÜ×ãâ�á��Oß;p°ãOå�K®?°�c��Êÿß(�ÞUá�/®ã$/ Û"��Û4�XLäáSà�â�á;�çÛ�åÜzãH�1Y_'8àlÞUá�â á�å ßJ�2' ^ �RádãSåá$�Êÿ ß�Þ_�=' ^ pv��¯Ü�ãOÛ�å�)Jß�ãOæaÿkã$��Ü�á�ÞUÛ��Êÿ â��uã$��ÞUÝå�:;[��RÛ�â�ß �¯àláOÞE:;[�[%)�[�[$[dàlÝåæ��ÊÛ�áOåEß��Sã$��Ý®ã��ÊÛ�á�å��(àlá�ÞT�Êÿ ßàlá�����á;�/Û�åÜ��Rß���ß�å�Rß��7��áOà��Sã$��Ýß��¯àlá�Þ>cÀ®`¯v)3®?°vp O ì4ce[%)�[*pEce[�)�[�� k p�ce[%)�:�p�c���]�]�)���]�]�p�ce[�� k )Á[�pce[%� k )I[�� k p>c�:$)?[�p·îe��Y°ÿß>r®Þ&�&�+á�/��RߢÞ&�Sã��RÛ�á�åkÛ"�5�Êÿã���àlá�Þiã$�"��ã$��Ü�áOÞRÛ��RÿâH�>c�:�)�[*p¯Û��+ã��<áçá�Þæaÿá�Û�æ�ß+áOà��1Y_'Eã$�&�RÛ�ÜOåâdߢå*��åߢÛ�Ü�ÿ�/<á�ÞRÿáÑáP���Y°ÿÛ"��Û��� ÝßE�Êá��Êÿßià�ãOæ����Êÿ®ã���c�:�)�[*p°Û"�¯ãOåß�UP�RÞRß�â�ßiæaÿá�Û�æ¢ß7áOà��®ãSÞÊãOâ�ß��Rß�Þ#�/Û�å��/ÿ Û�æaÿ��Êÿß�/®ã$�UßJ���aã��RÛ�á�å��/ã��#�RÛ�Ü�åß� �Êá��RÿßJ Û��Jß�ÞRߢå*�/®ã$�Uß��&�Êã��ÊÛ�á�å1æ¢á�å*�ÊÞRá$�"��ߢÞ#�+æ�ãOåå á$��/<ßÙæaÿ®ãOåÜOß $àlÞRá�â��Rÿß8ã$�&�RÛ�ÜOåâdߢå*���Rß���ß�æ��Êß�²Û�åt�Êÿ ßÞÊãSå�á�â�Û�åÛ4�ÊÛ|ã��P���aãOÞ��ÊÛ�åÜ6�<á�Û�å*�s�?Y°ÿß��JߢÞUàlá�ÞUâäãSåæ�ßuáSàg�Rÿß2�X�³áJ/<ß ���5ã$��Ü�áOÞRÛ��RÿâH��àlá�Þ?�ÊÿÛ���ÞUá�/���ߢâ )�Y�ã�/Ý>'çß�ãOÞRæaÿzãOå� � ߢåß��RÛ�æ1����Ü�áOÞRÛ��RÿâH��Û���ã��"�RáT�Rß�ߢå��Êá6/<ß°ã��Jß�æ��Êß�zã$���ߢÞ#�Uß ��LÛ�à1�Êÿß!�Sã$��Ýß ��ãOÞRß+ce[�)�[*pv�a8®á�Þ��ÊÿÛ��E�®ãOÛ�Þ+áSà2�Sã$��Ýß�� )�áOå���Lkß�Uçæaÿ®ãSåÜ�ß �}áSà_�1Y_'t/Jß��X�wߢß�å�=' ^ �wãOÞRß(æ�áOå��RÛ�ß�ÞUß �)��/ÿÛ�æaÿdâdß�ãOå��`�Êÿ®ãq���Rÿ߯åÏÝâE/Jߢ޳áOà��1Y_'dã��#�RÛ�Ü�åß���Êá+ß�ãOæaÿ!�=' ^æ�ãSååá$��/<ßäæaÿãOåÜ�ß�6ã��}ãOå*LA�ÊÛ�âdßHÝÞUÛ�åÜa�Rÿß��Uß�ãOÞUæaÿ��N8®á�Þ � ß�å ß��ÊÛ�æ��T��Ü�á�ÞUÛ��Êÿ â��5�Êÿ ß�<ß�ÞUàláOÞRâdãOåæ�ß�Û"�+ã$���RáEãq�~ߢæ��Êß�t�/ÿߢå��ÊÿßH�Oã���Ýß���ãOÞUß+c�[�� k )�[*pv)xàlá�Þ(�Êÿß��ÊãOâ�ßäÞUß�ã$�Uá�å����8®á�Þ³ã$�"�®á$�Rÿß�Þ��Sã$��Ýß��³áSàÁ��)P�JߢÞUàlá�ÞUâäãOå æ�ß�ã����Jß�ãOÞ#�`�ÊáJ/Jß�¾ÏÝÛ��R߯ÞRá$/Ý��&�³àlá�Þ�/Já$�Rÿ!Y_'äãSå�� �E�

Page 132: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:�:s]

1 2 3 4 5 6 70

50

100

150

200

250

(0.0, 0.0) (0.0, 0.5) (0.0, 1.0) (0.33, 0.33) (0.5, 0.0) (0.5, 0.5) (1.0, 0.0)

Fin

al c

ost

initialCost = 322.59

Greedy

maxavgmin

8�Û�Ü�ÝÞRßJM��4:;w O Ô��Jß�æ���áOà`W(ß�Û�ÜOÿP/<á�ÞUÿáçáP+Â�ß�r®åÛ4�ÊÛ�áOå-á�å � ÞUß�ß %L+'Ñß�ãOÞUæaÿEàlá�Þ68�ÛVUçß +W(ß���b�³á�Þ#.�Y�á��<á���áOÜ$L Z ���RÛ�â�Û"@�ãq�ÊÛ�áOåSclàláOÞ=Û��Jß�ÞUß�å*���1Y_' Ã×á��Oß � O c�®`¯v)P®�°jp#p

1 2 3 4 5 6 70

50

100

150

200

250

(0.0, 0.0) (0.0, 0.5) (0.0, 1.0) (0.33, 0.33) (0.5, 0.0) (0.5, 0.5) (1.0, 0.0)

Fin

al c

ost

initialCost = 322.59

RW (p = 0.05)

maxavgmin

8�Û�Ü�ÝÞRßEM��4:?Ö O Ô��Jß�æ��7áOà�W[ß�Û�Ü�ÿ�/JáOÞRÿáÑá%+Â�ß�r®åÛ4�ÊÛ�á�åEá�åN,(ãOå�áOâ¼�ëã$�".tc�� h [���[ k p/àláOÞ8�ÛVU ß��W[ß��X�³á�Þ&.KYxá��<á���á�Ü$L Z ���RÛ�â�Û"@�ã��ÊÛ�á�åScnàlá�Þ=Û��Jß�ÞUß�å*���1Y_'�Ã-á;��ß � O cÀ®�¯j)%®?°vp#p

1 2 3 4 5 6 70

50

100

150

200

250

(0.0, 0.0) (0.0, 0.5) (0.0, 1.0) (0.33, 0.33) (0.5, 0.0) (0.5, 0.5) (1.0, 0.0)

Fin

al c

ost

initialCost = 322.59

SA

maxavgmin

8�Û�Ü�ÝÞRß�M�� ¶ [ O Ô��Jß�æ��°áOà�W(ß�Û�ÜOÿP/<á�ÞUÿáçáP�Â�ß�r®åÛ4�ÊÛ�áOådá�åK'çÛ�â�Ý��|ã��Rß !�[ååß�ã$��Û�åÜ+àlá�Þ�8�ÛVU ß�W[ß��X�wáOÞ#.KY�á��Já$��á�Ü$L Z ���ÊÛ�âdÛ�@�ã��RÛ�á�å+clàlá�Þ=Û4�~ߢÞRߢå��_��Y_'aÃ-á;��ß�� O c�®`¯v)�®?°vp&p

Page 133: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:�: x

1 2 3 4 5 6 70

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

(0.0, 0.0) (0.0, 0.5) (0.0, 1.0) (0.33, 0.33) (0.5, 0.0) (0.5, 0.5) (1.0, 0.0)

Fin

al c

ost

initialCost = 322.59

TS

maxavgmin

8�Û�Ü�ÝÞRß2M�� ¶ : O Ô��Jß�æ��³áSà�W(ß�Û�ÜOÿP/<á�ÞUÿáçáP>Â�ß�råÛ��RÛ�á�å}á�å>Yxã$/Ý�'çß�ãOÞRæaÿ�àlá�Þ98�ÛVU ß�HW[ß��X�³á�Þ&.Y�á��Já$��á�Ü$L Z ���ÊÛ�âdÛ�@�ã��RÛ�á�åSclàlá�Þ=Û4�~ߢÞRߢå��_��Y_'aÃ-á;��ß�� O c�®`¯v)�®?°vp&p

1 2 3 4 5 6 70

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

(0.0, 0.0) (0.0, 0.5) (0.0, 1.0) (0.33, 0.33) (0.5, 0.0) (0.5, 0.5) (1.0, 0.0)

Fin

al c

ost

initialCost = 322.59

GA

maxavgmin

8�Û�Ü�ÝÞRßHM�� ¶�¶ O Ô��~ߢæ��+áOà�W[ߢÛ�Ü�ÿ�/<á�ÞRÿ áçáPtÂ�ß�r®åÛ4�ÊÛ�áOåkáOå � ß�åß��ÊÛ�æH�T��Ü�á�ÞUÛ��Êÿ â�àlá�Þ�8�ÛVU ß�W[ß��X�wáOÞ#.KY�á��Já$��á�Ü$L Z ���ÊÛ�âdÛ�@�ã��RÛ�á�å+clàlá�Þ=Û4�~ߢÞRߢå��_��Y_'aÃ-á;��ß�� O c�®`¯v)�®?°vp&p

Page 134: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:�: k

1 2 3 4 50

50

100

150

200

250

Algorithms: greedy, RW (p=0.05), SA, TS, GA

Fin

al C

ost

Comparison of Algorithms for Completely Random Neighborhood

initialCost = 396.70

maxaveragemin

8�Û�Ü�ÝÞRßJM�� ¶ ] O_^ á�âH�®ãOÞUÛ"�Uá�åöáOà`'çß�ãOÞUæaÿS�T��Ü�á�ÞRÛ4�ÊÿâH�°àlá�Þ�8�Û4Uçß +W[ß��X�³á�Þ&.aY�á��Já$��á�Ü$L Z �Pb�ÊÛ�âdÛ�@�ã��RÛ�á�å+c ^ á�âH����ß��Êß���L�,[ãOå�á�â�W(ß�Û�Ü�ÿ�/Já�ÞUÿáÑá%zp��r®åã$�wßvU��<ß�ÞUÛ�â�ß�å*���Rá+ß�â�á�å����ÊÞRã��Êß!�RÿßÙß��~ߢæ��}áOà(åߢÛ�Ü�ÿ�/<á�ÞRÿ áçáPtß�r®åÛ4�ÊÛ�áOå1á�å��Êÿ ß�<ß�ÞUàláOÞRâdãOåæ�ß/áOàg�Êÿ ß_�Uß�ãOÞUæaÿ8ã$��Ü�á�ÞRÛ4�ÊÿâH�?�wã$�`�Êáiæ�á�âH�®ãOÞUß2�Êÿߢâ àlá�Þ��Êÿ ß��Ý ÞRß �4L}ÞÊãSå�á�âåߢÛ�Ü�ÿ�/<á�ÞRÿáÑáP�)3�/ÿߢÞRßzß�ãOæaÿkåß��Ä�<á�Û�å*��Û���Ü�ß�åߢÞÊã��Rß kÛ�å� ß �<ß�å�ߢå*�7��LEáOà`�Êÿß��ÞUß��ÑÛ�áOÝ���<á�Û�å*�iÛ²��ß$�Kdtc�Å�p h o2��Y°ÿÛ��+Û����Rÿßdå ß�Û�ÜOÿP/<á�ÞUÿáçáPéàlá�Þ5�/ÿÛ�æaÿëã$�"�fã$��Ü�á�ÞUÛ��Êÿ â��6�Uÿá�Ý����<ß�ÞUàláOÞRâ ß�U ãOæ��7��LH�Êÿ ß6�ÊãOâ�߯áOåeã;�Oß�ÞRãOÜ�ß$�`8xÛ�Ü�ÝÞUß6M�� ¶ ](�/ÿÛ�æaÿ8Û��wá�/��ÊãOÛ�å ß äàlÞUá�â�:;[�ÞRÝ å��áOà�:;[�[�)�[�[�[�ß��Sã$��Ý®ãq�ÊÛ�áOå��°ß�ãOæaÿ���ߢÞRÛ4r®ß ���Êÿ®ãq�=�ÊÿÛ��°Û"�°Û�å�ß�ß���Rÿß7æ�ã$�Uß$�

Æ�Ç;È5É Ê ús¬+Ë�üGÌK¦�üsÍöù�ú ¦H¬�þ

8�Û�Ü�ÝÞRß���M�� ¶ xöãOå�RM�� ¶�k �Uÿá;�¿�RãOâH����ß>r®å®ã$���Rá���Ý��ÊÛ�á�å��iá�/��ÊãOÛ�åß��/*LëÞUÝååÛ�åÜ � ß�åß��ÊÛ�æ�T��Ü�á�ÞUÛ��Êÿ â��}àlá�Þ+:s[�[�)�[�[�[ôæ¢á��&�8àlÝ åæ��RÛ�á�å ß��Sã$��Ý®ãq�ÊÛ�áOå�� �¡8®á�ÞH�Êÿßa�Râdã$�"��ß�ÞH�ÞRá�/���ß�â�)°Û��ã$���<ß�ãSÞ#���Êÿã�� � � ÿ®ã$��àláOÝå���Êÿ ß8á����ÊÛ�â�Ýâª�Rá$��Ý��RÛ�á�åt�/ÿ Û�æaÿ$æ�áOå��RÛ��&�7�}áSàT�2' ^ ���Êÿ®ãq�

Page 135: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:�:sM

ãOÞUß��&�®ãOæ¢ß ã��®ãOÞ&�}àlÞUá�âbß�ãOæaÿ�á��ÊÿߢÞzãOå�²Û�å��Êÿßeâ�Û"����}áOà[æ ��Ý��&�Rß�Þ#��áOà�/®ã$�Uß����aã��RÛ�á�å���Êÿã��7ãOÞUß}æ�á�åå ß�æ��Rß N�Êá��Rÿß�â��E8®á�Þ��Êÿß���ãOÞRÜ�ߢÞT�ÞUá�/���ß�â�) � � ã$���<ß�ãOÞ&�6�Êá8ÿ®ãs��ß}àlá�Ý å�ãeåß�ãOÞyb©á��%�ÊÛ�âdã$�?�Rá���Ý��ÊÛ�á�å+�ÊÿáOÝÜ�ÿkÛ��7Û"�7æ���ß�ãSÞiß���ߢåt/*LS�ÑÛ"�RÝã$��Û�å��&�Jߢæ��RÛ�á�åN�Êÿ®ãq���RÿßzÞRßvbã$�&�RÛ�ÜOåâdߢå*��áOàJã¯àlß��B/®ã$�Uß=�&�aãq�ÊÛ�áOå����Êá5 Û��Jß�ÞRߢå*���=' ^ �9�wáOÝ��"}ÞUß �RÝ�����Û�åzã6�#��Û�Ü�ÿ*�7�4LJ��á;�wߢÞá;��ߢÞ�b·ã��"�êæ�á$�&�s��8®ÞRá�âG�Rÿß �Uß�r®Ü�Ý ÞRß ��)Oá�å ß³æ¢á�Ý��"J�#�<ß�æ¢Ý��|ã��Rß��Rÿ®ã���Û���âdãsL(/Jß`�<á��#�UÛ"/���ß��Rá[Ý��Ußãeæ ��Ý��&�ÊߢÞRÛ�åÜ�bX/ã$�Rß�ëÿߢÝÞRÛ��&�ÊÛ�æ�ã$��Ü�áOÞRÛ��Rÿâ��Êáa� ÞRá;�ÑÛ"ßzÞRß��|ã��RÛ��Oß ��L+��á;�2b©æ¢á��&���Rá$��Ý��RÛ�á�å��7Û�å�<á���LÑåá�â�Û|ã��%�ÊÛ�âdß����Zæ�á�âH�®ãOÞUÛ"�Uá�ådáSà��Êÿß_�<ß�ÞUàláOÞRâdãOåæ�ß/áOà��RÝæaÿ8ãSåÙã$��Ü�á�ÞRÛ4�ÊÿâÎ�/Û��Rÿ��Êÿ ß�Rá$��Ý��RÛ�á�å���á�/��ÊãOÛ�å ß J�RÿÞRáOÝÜ�ÿ � ß�åß��ÊÛ�æ�����Ü�á�ÞUÛ��Rÿâ��Á�³á�Ý�����ÞRá;�ÑÛ" ßuã[ÜOáçáP�Û�å�Û�æ�ã��ÊÛ�á�å7áOà�Êÿ ß³ÞUß �|ãq�ÊÛ��Oß`�&�ÊÞUß�åÜ��Êÿ��xáOàÿߢÝÞRÛ��&�RÛ�æ9�P� ���Uß�ãOÞUæaÿE�ÊߢæaÿåÛ�¾ÑÝ ß ��àlá�ÞÁ�RÿÛ"���®ãOÞ��ÊÛ�æ�Ý���ãOÞÁ�ÞRá$/���ߢâ �

Page 136: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:�:;\

8�Û�Ü�ÝÞRßEM�� ¶ x O 'çãOâ�����ß�8xÛ�å®ã$��'çá���Ý��ÊÛ�á�åEá�/%�aãOÛ�åß a�/Û4�Êÿ � ß�åß��ÊÛ�æ��T��Ü�á�ÞRÛ4�ÊÿâH�/àlá�Þ58�ÛVU ß�W[ß��X�wáOÞ#.KY�á��Já$��á�Ü$L Z ���ÊÛ�âdÛ�@�ã��RÛ�á�å+cedE´zfqµ h ]�ijdJ´�¸�f h-k [�iv¹ml�º nJ»To h-¶ [*p

Page 137: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:�:sw

8�Û�Ü�ÝÞRßEM�� ¶�k O 'çãOâ�����ß�8xÛ�å®ã$��'çá���Ý��ÊÛ�á�åEá�/%�aãOÛ�åß a�/Û4�Êÿ � ß�åß��ÊÛ�æ��T��Ü�á�ÞRÛ4�ÊÿâH�/àlá�Þ58�ÛVU ß�W[ß��X�wáOÞ#.KY�á��Já$��á�Ü$L Z ���ÊÛ�âdÛ�@�ã��RÛ�á�å+cedE´zfqµ h \%ijdJ´�¸�f h-¶ [�[�ij¹-l�º n�»6o h ]�[*p

Page 138: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

Ï Ð Ñ�Ò ÓÔÎÕ Ö

Ï ×�Ø Ù·Ú9Û ÜÝ?×�Ø Ü

Y=Þ�ß��2�7Þ�à��#ß"�1Þ�á$�=ß"â*�$à �&�#ß"ã*áq�7à Kä�å�æ�ç2è#à á$ç#éjÞ�ê7à�éjÞ�â�ß"¾�æ�à�è=ä�å�ç2ã�ë�å�/�á$ëgå�ì�ê#ß"íHß"@sáqê7ß"å$â>b�,_á$â%bî å�íï��á$ë�.z)2'%ß�í�æ�ë"á�ê7à î�ð â�â�à á$ë"ß�â�ã�)`Y?á$/�æD'%àsá$ç&éjÞDá�â î½ñ à â�à�ê7ß�é ð ë"ã$å�ç#ß4ê7Þ�íHè òY=Þ�à ß�çá$ì�ì�ë"ß"é á�ê7ß�å�â�ê7å�ì�ç#å�/�ë�à íHè�ß�âDíHå�/�ß�ë"à�é å�íHí�æ�â�ß"ésáqê7ß"å$â�è>ß"èHç7á$ì�ß î ë�LRã$ç#å;ó�ß"â�ã�ò ð è!ê7Þ�àâ�à�à î ä�å$ç�å$ì�ê7ß�í!á$ëTá$ë"ë�å%é á�ê7ß�å�âDå�ä�è#é á$ç#é�àç&à è&å�æ�ç#é�à è ß"â�é�ç#àsá�è#à è�ó�ß�ê#Þ-ã$ç#àsáqê7à ç î à�í!á�â îä�å�ç�/�à�ê#ê7à�ç )�íHå�ç&à�é�å�í�ì�ç#à Þ�à â�è&ß�ô�à5è&à ç�ô%ß�é à5ß�â�ì�à�ç#è&å�â�á$ë�é å�íHí�æ�â�ß�ésá�ê#ß"å�âHè&LPè�ê7à íHè )�ê#Þ�à è&àê7à�éjÞ�â�ß�¾Pæ�à è_í!ásLKÞ�ásô$àEá�è#ß�ã�â�ß4r�ésá$â*ê�ç&å�ë"à6ê#åHì�ëÀásL�ò

ð è î ß"è&é æ�è&è#à î )�ê7Þ�à6WT8�õ+ê7Þ�à å�ç&à íHè5ö k ]�÷�è#æ�ã�ã$à è&ê=ê#Þ�á�ê1â�å�é ë"á$ß"íHè`ésá$âKøgàTí�á î à�ù6úgûvü²ýqûvüá$øgå�æ�ê`ê7Þ�à_è�ê7ç&à â�ã$ê#Þ�è1å�ä3å�â�à�è&àsá$ç&éjÞ�á$ë�ã�å�ç#ß4ê7Þ�íÎå;ô�à�ç2á$â�å�ê7Þ�à�ç`ä�å$ç�á�ë"ë�é�å�í�ø�ß�â�á�ê7å$ç#ßÀá�ë�å�ì%bê7ß�í�ß�þsá�ê#ß"å�âTì�ç#å�ø�ë"à íHè òIY=Þ�à�ì�à�ç&ä�å�ç&í!á$â�é à�å$ä�á$ë�ã�å�ç&ß�ê7Þ�í�è�ô�á$ç&ß"à è�ã�ç&àsá�ê#ë�ÿ5ó�ß4ê7Þ(ê7Þ�à�è#àsá�ç#éjÞè#ì�á$é à�á�â î ê7Þ�àJêXÿPì�àEå$ä9â�à�ß"ã�Þ�øgå�ç#Þ�åPå î è#éjÞ�à íHà�æ�ê7ß�ë"ß�þ à î ò��zæ�ç&ê7Þ�à ç���ß�ê_ß"è�ß"íHì�å$è#è#ß�ø�ë"à6ê#åê7Þ�à å�ç&à�ê7ß�ésá$ë�ë�ÿEì�ç#à î ß"é�ê�ê#Þ�àTìgà ç�ä�å�ç#í�á$â�é�à_å�ä�ê7Þ�à�è#àTá$ë"ã�å$ç#ß�ê#Þ�íHè�ä�å�ç�á$â*ÿ>ø�æ�ê1ê#Þ�à_è#ß"íHì�ë�à è&êå$ä5è&àsá$ç&éjÞ è#ì�á$é�à è!ó�ß4ê7Þ�å$æ�ê�ìgà ç�ä�å�ç#íHß"â�ãNàvU�ìgà ç&ß"íHà â*êjá�ë�é�å�í�ì�á$ç#ß�è#å�â�è�ò��0ê!ø�à�é å�íHà è�å$äã�ç&àsá�êJß"íHì�å$ç&êjá�â�é à���ê#Þ�à ç&à�ä�å�ç&à��Iê7å î à�ê#à ç#íHß"â�àHê#Þ�à�øgà è�ê�á$ë�ã�å�ç&ß�ê7Þ�í�á$â î â�à�ß"ã�Þ�øgå�ç#Þ�åPå îî à�r�â�ß�ê#ß"å�âAä�å�çJá ã�ß4ô�à âì�ç#å$ø�ë"à�íªôPß"á à�U%ìgà ç&ß"íHà â*êjá$ë�á$â�á$ë�ÿPè#ß�è ò�%æ�éjÞ�á$â�à�U%ìgà ç&ß"íHà â*êjá$ë

� �

Page 139: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¶ [

á$â�á�ë�ÿPè#ß�è�å$ä5á$ë"ã�å$ç#ß�ê#Þ�íHè�ó2á$è�ì�à�ç&ä�å�ç&í�à î ä�å�ç>êXó�å�å�ì�ê7ß�í�ß�þsá�ê#ß"å�â�ì�ç#å�ø�ë�à íHè>ß"âDíHå�ø�ß�ë"àé å$í�í�æ�â�ß"é á�ê7ß�å�â�è_b2ê7Þ�à�å�ì%ê7ß"í�á$ëIë"åPésá�ê#ß"å�âaå$ä�ø�á$è#à>è�êjá�ê#ß"å�â�è6á$â î í�ß�â�ß"íEæ�í é å�è�ê(r�U%à îâ�à�êXó1å�ç���ê7å�ìgå�ë�å�ã$ÿ î à è&ß"ã�â�ò

��å�ç î ß���é�æ�ë�ê2å�ì�ê7ß�í�ß�þsá�ê#ß"å�â�ì�ç#å$ø�ë"à�í�è���ê7Þ�à�ç#à(ß"è�á�ê#ç7á î à�å$�Søgà�êXó�à à�âaê7Þ�à6ê#ß"íHà6ç#à�¾�æ�ß"ç&à îä�å�ç>å�ì�ê#ß"íHß"þ á�ê7ß�å�â�á$â î ê7Þ�à å�ì%ê7ß"í�á$ë�ß�êXÿAå$äTê#Þ�à�è#å�ë�æ�ê7ß�å�â�è�å�ø%êjá$ß�â�à î òBÂ6æ�à�ê7åAé å�íHì�æ%bêjáqê7ß"å$â�á$ë9é å$â�è&ê#ç7á$ß�â�ê#è��9è&àsá$ç&éjÞ�ê7à éjÞ�â�ß"¾�æ�à�è>á$ç#à�é æ�ç&ç#à â*ê#ë�ÿAí�å$ç#àHè#æ�ß4êjá$ø�ë�àHä�å$çEì�ç&å�ø�ë"à�í�èó�Þ�à�ç#àHè#å�íHà�ê7ß"íHà�ß�èJásô�á$ß�ëÀá$ø�ë�àJä�å�ç6ê#Þ�àHå�ì�ê7ß�í�ß�þsá�ê#ß"å�â ì�ç#åPé à�è#è�ò���å�ç5è#ß4ê7æ�áqê7ß"å$â�è6ó�Þ�à ç&àå�ì�ê#ß"íHß"þ á�ê7ß�å�â�â�à à î è�ê#å>ø�à5ìgà ç�ä�å�ç#íHà î ß�âKà�UPê7ç&à íHà ë�ÿ!è#Þ�å$ç&ê=ìgà ç&ß"å î è2å$äIê7ß�í�à��%é�å�â�è&ê#ç#æ�évbê7ß4ô�à�Þ�à�æ�ç#ß�è&ê7ß�é=ê7à éjÞ�â�ß"¾�æ�à�è�ó�Þ�ß�éjÞ�å$��à ç`ã�åPå î c�ø�æ�ê�â�à�é à è&è7á$ç&ß"ë4ÿ>â�àsá$çybXå�ì%ê7ß"í�á$ëÀpIè#å$ë"æ�ê#ß"å�â�èí�æ�éjÞSä�á$è�ê7à�ç6í!ásÿ ø�à>á�ø�à�ê#ê7à�ç5éjÞ�å�ß�é à$ò�Y=Þ�à�êXó�å�ì�ç#å�ø�ë"à íHèTé�å�â�è&ß î à�ç#à î ß�â+ê7Þ�ß�è�ê7Þ�à è#ß�èá$ç&à øgå$ê7Þ î à�è#ß"ã$âDì�ç&å�ø�ë"à�í�è�ê#Þ�á�ê!á$ç#à�êXÿPì�ß"é á$ë"ë4ÿ�à â�é å�æ�â*ê#à ç#à î ß"âRê7Þ�à�ì�ë"á$â�â�ß�â�ãè�êjá$ã$àå$ä=è&à�ê&ê7ß"â�ãaæ�ìtá é à�ë"ë�æ�ëÀá$ç5â�à�êXó�å�ç��zò��%àsá$ç&éjÞtê7à�éjÞ�â�ß�¾Pæ�à è�á$ç&à�ì�á$ç&ê#ß"é æ�ëÀá$ç&ë�ÿ+è&æ�ß�ê7á$ø�ë�à>ä�å$çî à�è#ß"ã$â�ì�ç#å�ø�ë�à íHè î æ�à5ê7å�ê#Þ�à�á;ô�á$ß�ëÀá$ø�ß"ë"ß4êXÿ>å$ä?è#æ��Hé ß�à â*ê�ê7ß�í�àTê#å>ì�à�ç&ä�å�ç&í á�ç#àsá�è#å�â�á�ø�ë�ÿà��Hé�ß"à â*ê_è#à á$ç#éjÞ å$äIê7Þ�à(è#ì�á$é à�ò

Y=Þ�àSàvU�ìgà ç&ß"íHà â*êjá�ëTç#à�è#æ�ë4ê7èKè&Þ�å;ó1à î ê#Þ�á�ê�ä�å�ç�ê7Þ�à+ø�á$è#àSè�êjá�ê#ß"å�â½ë�å%é á�ê7ß�å�âDì�ç#å�ø�ë�à í áY?á$ø�æ��%à á$ç#éjÞ>á$ë�ã�å�ç&ß�ê7Þ�íGì�ç#å;ôPß î à î ê#Þ�à2øgà è&ê�å�ô$à ç#á$ë"ëPç#à�è#æ�ë4ê7è���ó�Þ�ß"ë�à ñ à â�à�ê7ß�é ð ë�ã�å�ç&ß�ê7Þ�í�èå$��à ç&à î ê7Þ�à2ø�à�è&ê9ìgà ç�ä�å�ç#í�á$â�é�à�ä�å�çIê7Þ�à�r�U%à î â�à�êXó�å�ç��Jê7å$ì�å�ë�å�ã$ÿ(å�ì%ê7ß"íHß"þ á�ê7ß�å�â(ì�ç#å$ø�ë"à�í òY=Þ�à6à��3à�é�ê=å�ä�ô�á$ç#ß�å�æ�è�á$ë"ã�å$ç#ß�ê#Þ�í��*â�à ß�ã�Þ�ø�å�ç&Þ�åPå î �Pá$â î ì�ç#å$ø�ë"à�íuì�á$ç7á$íHà�ê#à ç&è�ó�à ç#à6á$ë"è&åß"â*ô$à è&ê#ß"ã*áqê7à î ò+Y=Þ�à è&à�à�U%ì�à�ç#ß�í�à�â�ê#èEÿPß"à�ë î è&å�í�à�ß"â�è&ß"ã�Þ*ê#èEß"â*ê#åaê7Þ�à�â�á�ê#æ�ç#à�å�ä=ê7Þ�à!êXó�åì�ç&å�ø�ë"à�í�èEá$â î ê#Þ�àKç#à�ëÀá�ê#ß�ô�à�è&ê#ç#à â�ã$ê7Þ�è>á�â î ó1à á���â�à è&è�å�ä=ê7Þ�à�á$ë�ã�å�ç&ß�ê7Þ�í�è5ê7Þ�á�ê>á���à é�êê7Þ�à ß"ç=ìgà ç�ä�å�ç#í�á$â�é�à5å�â�ê7Þ�à�è#à�è#àsá�ç#éjÞ�è#ì�á$é�à è�ò

Y=Þ�à�ç#à=ß"è�á$ë�ó1ásÿPè9ç#åPå�í¡ä�å�ç�ß�í�ì�ç&å;ô�à íHà â*ê�ó�Þ�à â>ß�ê?é å�íHà è?ê7å6ê7Þ�à2ì�à�ç&ä�å�ç&í!á�â�é à�å$ägè#àsá�ç#éjÞê7à�éjÞ�â�ß�¾Pæ�à è ò��0ê9á$ì�ìgàsá$ç&è�ä�ç#å�í ê7Þ�à�è#à=àvU�ìgà ç&ß"íHà â*ê7è�ê#Þ�á�ê9å$â�à2è#ß�ã�â�ß4r�ésá$â*ê?ó2ásÿ�ê#å6ß"íHì�ç#å;ô$àê7Þ�à ß"ç=ìgà ç�ä�å�ç#í�á$â�é�à5ß"è2ê#å î à�è#ß�ã�â�ø�à�ê#ê7à�ç�â�à ß�ã�Þ�ø�å�ç&Þ�åPå î�î à�r�â�ß�ê#ß"å�â�è ò

Page 140: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

� Ò Ò Ô Ø � Ý��

Y=Þ�à(ä�å�ë"ë�å;ó�ß"â�ã�r�ë"à�è_å�ä���ásô�áHè&å�æ�ç&é à(é å î à�á$ç#à(ß�â�é ë�æ î à î ß�â�ê#Þ�ß"è�á�ì�ì�à�â î ßVU O

� �1Y �%õ�åPésáqê7ß"å$â Z ì�ê7ß�í�ß�þsá�ê#ß"å�â�ò !#ásô�á O ê#Þ�àNí!á$ß�âCé ë"á$è#èKä�å�çKìgà ç�ä�å�ç#íHß"â�ãê7Þ�àNø�á$è&àè�êjá�ê#ß"å�â�ë"åPésáqê7ß"å$â�å�ì�ê#ß"íHß"þsáqê7ß"å$â�ò

� �%à á$ç#éjÞ Q å�ß�â�ê ò !#ásô�á�c p O ê#Þ�à�é�ëÀá$è&è î à è#é�ç#ß�ø�ß"â�ã�ê7Þ�à�è&àsá$ç&éjÞ�è#ì�á�é à�á�â î â�à�ß"ã�Þ�øgå�ç�bÞ�åPå î�î à�r�â�ß4ê7ß�å�â�è2ä�å�ç2ê#Þ�à(ø�á$è#à(è�êjá�ê#ß"å�â�ë"åPésáqê7ß"å$â�å�ì�ê#ß"íHß"þsáqê7ß"å$â!ì�ç&å�ø�ë"à�í ò

�#" àsá î ^ å�ô$à ç#á$ã�àsÂ5áqêjá�ò !#ásô$á O æ�è&à î ê7å�ç#à á î ç7ásó î á�êjá î à�è#é ç&ß"ø�ß�â�ãKìgå$ê7à�â�ê#ßÀá$ë�ë"åPésáqbê#ß"å�â�è2ä�å$ç=ø�á$è#à(è�êjá�ê#ß"å�â�è�ò

� Y?á$ø�æ$�Pàsá$ç&éjÞ�ò !#ásô�á>c p O á$â�ß�í�ì�ë"à íHà â*ê7á�ê7ß�å�â5å$ä�Y?á$ø�æ%�Pàsá$ç&éjÞ�ä�å�çIê#Þ�à1ø�á$è#à�è&êjáqê7ß"å$âë�å%é á�ê7ß�å�â�å�ì�ê#ß"íHß"þ á�ê7ß�å�â!ì�ç&å�ø�ë�à í�ò

� W_à�êXó�å�ç�� Z ì�ê7ß�í�ß�þsá�ê#ß"å�â3ò !#ásô�á O ê#Þ�à=í�á$ß"â�é�ëÀá$è&è�ä�å�ç�ìgà ç&ä�å$ç#íHß"â�ã6ê#Þ�à2r�U%à î â�à�êXó�å�ç��ê#å�ì�å$ë"å�ã$ÿ�å�ì�ê#ß"íHß"þ á�ê7ß�å�â�ò

� �%à á$ç#éjÞ Q å�ß�â�ê ò !#ásô�á�c ¶ p O ê#Þ�à�é�ëÀá$è&è î à è#é�ç#ß�ø�ß"â�ã�ê7Þ�à�è&àsá$ç&éjÞ�è#ì�á�é à�á�â î â�à�ß"ã�Þ�øgå�ç�bÞ�åPå î�î à�r�â�ß4ê7ß�å�â�è2ä�å�ç2ê#Þ�à5r�U%à î â�à�êXó�å�ç���ê#å�ì�å$ë"å�ã$ÿ�å�ì�ê#ß"íHß"þ á�ê7ß�å�â!ì�ç&å�ø�ë�à í�ò

� Y?á$ø�æ$�Pàsá$ç&éjÞ�ò !#ásô�á<c ¶ p O á$â�ß"íHì�ë"à�í�à�â*êjá�ê#ß"å�âNå$ä�Y?á$ø�æ&�%à á$ç#éjÞ�ä�å$çJê7Þ�à�â�à�êXó�å�ç��ê#å�ì�å$ë"å�ã$ÿ�å�ì�ê#ß"íHß"þ á�ê7ß�å�â�ò

Page 141: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¶$¶

�#" á$â î å$íH�tá$ë'�zò !#ásô$á O á$â�ß"íHì�ë"à�í�à�â�ê7á�ê7ß�å�â!å�ä " á$â î å$í¿�tá$ë'�ac�é�å�í�íHå�â�ê#å�ø�å$ê#Þå�ì%ê7ß"íHß"þ á�ê7ß�å�â!ì�ç#å�ø�ë�à íHèjpvò

� �%ß�í�æ�ë"á�ê7à î�ð â�â�àsá$ë�ß"â�ã�ò !#ásô�á O á$âEß�í�ì�ë�à íHà â*êjáqê7ß"å$â6å$ä$�Pß"í�æ�ë"á�ê7à î(ð â�â�à á$ë"ß�â�ãJc�é�å�í>bíHå�âKê7å>øgå$ê7Þ�å�ì�ê#ß"íHß"þ á�ê7ß�å�â!ì�ç&å�ø�ë�à íHèjp�ò

� ñ à â�à�ê7ß�é ð ë�ã�å�ç&ß�ê7Þ�í�è�ò !#ásô�á O á$âß"íHì�ë"à�í�à�â�ê7á�ê7ß�å�âSå$ä ñ à�â�à�ê#ß"é ð ë"ã$å�ç#ß4ê7Þ�íHèHc�é�å�í>bíHå�âKê7å>øgå$ê7Þ�å�ì�ê#ß"íHß"þ á�ê7ß�å�â!ì�ç&å�ø�ë�à íHèjp�ò

Page 142: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¶ ]

(*)+)-,/.�0/132*4�5�687�2:93;�<=6>7�?@7:A�5�6>7�2:9CBED*5�F35,=5�G�H�0�635�6>7�2:9I1J2*4�5�6>7/2:9K;�<*6>7�?L7:A=5�6>7/2:9NM*O32�P*O=5Q?R 5�S=6/T$2�OU,�T353G:V�5�OXW*O$7+G T+935Q?$5�4 T35�O>7R F�H/OJG*7�2:9KYZB\[

)/(<+S+]>^=7/4U4/^�5�G*G#,/.30�132*4�5�6>7�2:93;�<*6>7�?@7QA=5�6>7�2Q9`_(*)*)a6/TJH�0+H*5�OJ4 T*M$2=7b9*6N6+T35�6cG:6�5�O/6>GdH*5�4 TeO�S+9f)/(<+S*]$^=7/4UG:6�5�6>7/4g0+H+5�O$4 T*MJ2=7 9*6NhJGjij93H�ke0+H*5�OJ4 T*M$2=7b9*6Zl�mon(*)*)�G:6$2�O=H�G-6/T3HdF�5=^QS3H�GX2�pXhJG&]JH�p32�O=HU5�9�qI4 TJ5�9=P=H�GU)/(<+S*]$^=7/4UG:6�5�6>7/4g0+H+5�O$4 T*MJ2=7 9*6NhJG�r37 987 6>7�5�^�ij93H�ke0+H*5�OJ4 T*M$2=7b9*6Zl�mon(*)*)a6/TJH-9+S+?*]3H�OK2�pXp�S+9>4Q6>7�2:9KH�F�5�^:S35�6>7/2:9>Gd6J2a]3Hj<3H�O+p32�O�?JH�sf)/(<+S*]$^=7/4UG:6�5�6>7/4e7b9*6ft .+u+veifw:[+[+[+[�n(*)*)a6/TJHdx=HJ7:P�T+]$2�O�T$2+2�sN6J2a]JH#S>G�H/se53G#s=H/p$7b93H�sf7b9I0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6y)/(<=O>7 F�5�6�HIG:635�6>7/4e7b9*6Ux=H37QP�T+]$2�O/T$2+2�s/.$2 z8G�HIicwLn(*)*)a6/TJH�5=^�P32�O$7 6+T/?I6J2jO�S+9f)/(<=O>7 F�5�6�HIG:635�6>7/4g0�6*O>7b9=PN5=^�P32�O$7 6/T/?{n<+S*]$^=7/4UG:6�5�6>7/4-FJ2=7:sd?J537 9|l�0�6*O>7b9=PK5�O*PJG~}��$md_

0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l ���=0�635�O+6>7 9�PKM*O32�P+O�5Q?CB+B+B*B���mon0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6�B�G�H�6/S+<*M=O32:]$^�H�?�l�monhJGji-93H�ke0+H*5�OJ4 T*M$2=7b9*6Zl�mon0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l�mon0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l ���$tb9@7 687�5�^�7:A$7 9�Pcp$7:OJG:6X<$2�7b9*6�B+B*B+B���monhJG~B�7b987 6Zl�monhJG�rJ7b987 6>7�5=^�B�G�H�6+��5=^:SJH+;�p�l\h$G*m�n

5=^�PJ2�O$7 6/T+?cif��v�5�9=s32 ?e�35=^�V��8nG:6�5/O/6Zl�mon (+(XGQ6�5�O/6N5dO/S+95=^�PJ2�O$7 6/T+?cif�b037b?*S$^�5�63H�se��9+93H*5=^=7b9=P��8nG:6�5/O/6Zl�mon5=^�PJ2�O$7 6/T+?cif��.�5�]+SK0+H+5�OJ4:To�8nG:6�5/O/6Zl�mon5=^�PJ2�O$7 6/T+?cif���*H�93H�6>7/4d�J^�P32�O$7:6/T/?��8nG:6�5/O/6Zl�mon

Page 143: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¶ x

(*)+)U7b987 6>7�5�6�HU5-9JH�kI2Q<*6>7�?@7QA=5�6>7�2Q9IO�S+9f)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4-FJ2=7QsKGQ6�5�O/6Zl�mj_

0�q$G:6�HQ?CB�2:S*6�B�<�O$7b9*6J^Q9|l ���=r*r+r*r+r*r*r+r+r*r*r+r+r*r*r+r+r@��mon0�q$G:6�HQ?CB�2:S*6�B�<�O$7b9*6J^Q9|l ���cx/u/�Uv�z�xe0�.*�/v*.+u+����mon0�q$G:6�HQ?CB�2:S*6�B�<�O$7b9*6J^Q9|l ���=r*r+r*r+r*r*r+r+r*r*r+r+r*r*r+r+r@��mon

7:p�l�5=^�P32�O$7 6+T/?CBEH/��S35=^*Gol:��v�5�9=sJ2:?f�35=^QV���m+md_s32:S+]>^�Hd<35�O+O=5/q�}��eiX_*[���[|BE[/�*��n�(+(aS+<+T87/^+^-<=O32:]35�]87�^=7 6=q7b9*6UO=H�<3H�6>7 6>7�2Q9>GgicwQ[�n (+(#9+S/?*]3H/OI2�pg6>7b?JH�G#6J2-O/S+9p32�O�l�7b9*6f7-i�[�n�7-�-<35�O+O�5�q�B�^�H�9=P/6/T�n&7Q�+�Jmd_p32�O�l�7b9=6NDgiX[�n�DX�jO=H�<JH�6>7 6>7/2:9>G�n�D+�+�Jmj_hJG�B�G�H�6+�35=^:S3H+;/p�l\hJG�rJ7b987 6>7�5�^=monv�5�9=s32 ?*�J5=^QV�B�T>2+^�sJGUij6*O�SJH�nv�5�9=s32 ?*�J5=^QVNO/keij9JH�k

v�5�9�s32 ?*�35�^QVZl\hJG���x=H37:P/T+]$2�O�T>2+2�s/.J2:z8G�H3monO/k{B�<Ii-<35�O*O=5�q�}�7Q�Zn./T�O=H+5�sUO/k+.+T=O=H+5�sNij93H�kX./T=O=H*5�s�l\O/k8monO/k*./T=O=H+5/s�B�G:6�5/O/6Zl�mon6*O*qU_gO/k+./T�O=H+5�s�B\D=2=7b9|l�mon��4�5�6$4 T�l�tb9=6�H�O+O�S*<*6�H�s/u=hJ4�H�<*687�2:9`H3m-_0�qJG:63HQ?CBEH�O*O�B�<=O$7 9*6J^:9|l:�bD=2=7b9�l�mXp=537�^�H/s{����mon�

���H=^=G�HU_7:p�l�5=^�P32�O$7 6+T/?CBEH/��S35=^*Gol:�b037�?*S>^/5�6�H/sc�/9+93H+5=^�7b9=PL��m*mg_s32:S+]>^�HU5=^:<+T35/O+O=5�q�} �Ni�_+[ZB\¡+��n�(+(N4+2+2+^=7b9�Pg<J5�O=5Q?JH�6�H�O7b9*6UO=H�<3H�6>7 6>7�2Q9>GgicwQ[�np32�O�l�7b9*6f7-i�[�n�7-��5=^:<+TJ5�O+O=5�q�B�^�H�9=P+6/T�n&7��+�Jmj_p32�O�l�7b9=6NDgiX[�n�DX�jO=H�<JH�6>7 6>7/2:9>G�n�D+�+�Jmj_hJG�B�G�H�6+�35=^:S3H+;/p�l\hJG�rJ7b987 6>7�5�^=mon037b?*S$^�5�63H�s+��9+9JH+5=^=7b9�P�B�T$2+^�s$Geid6*O/S3H�n037b?*S$^�5�63H�s+��9+9JH+5=^=7b9�P¢G�5�ij9JH�k

037�?=S$^�5�6�H/s+��9+93H*5=^=7b9=PZl\hJG���x=H37:P/T+]$2�O�T>2+2�s/.J2:z8G�H3monG�5|BE5=^:<+TJ5Ui�5=^:<*T35�O+O=5/q�}�7:�Zn./T�O=H+5�scG�5�.+T=O=H+5�sNij93H�kX./T=O=H*5�s�l�G�5JmonG�5�./T=O=H+5/s�B�G:6�5/O/6Zl�mon

Page 144: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¶$k6*O*qU_NG�5�./T�O=H+5�s�B\D=2=7b9|l�mon��4�5�6$4 T�l�tb9=6�H�O+O�S*<*6�H�s/u=hJ4�H�<*687�2:9`H3m-_0�qJG:63HQ?CBEH�O*O�B�<=O$7 9*6J^:9|l:�bD=2=7b9�l�mXp=537�^�H/s{����mon�

��

�H=^=G�HU_7:p�l�5=^�P32�O$7 6+T/?CBEH/��S35=^*Gol:���*H�93H�687/4U�3^�P32�O$7 6/T/?���m+m�_7b9*6cG:6*q�<JH+5�O+O=5/q�}��NiU_$w:��n (*(*G�H=^�H34:6>7�2:9N6=q�<3H7b9*6�<>G*7:A�H+5�O+O=5/q�}��NiU_$w:[+��n (*(:<$2:<+S>^�5�6>7�2Q9¢G*7:A=H7b9*6UO=H�<3H�6>7 6>7�2Q9>GgicwQ[�np32�O�l�7b9*6f7-i�[�n�7-�eG:6*q�<JH+5�O+O=5/q�B�^�H�9�P/6/T�na7Q�+�Jmd_p32�O�l�7b9=6XVUiX[�n£VN�#<>G*7QA=H+5�O+O�5�q�B�^�H�9=P/6/T�n�V=�+�$m-_p32�O�l�7b9=6NDgiX[�n�DX�jO=H�<JH�6>7 6>7/2:9>G�n�D+�+�Jmj_hJG�B�G�H�6+�35=^:S3H+;/p�l\hJG�rJ7b987 6>7�5�^=mon�*H�93H�6>7/4��3^�P32�O>7 6/T/?CB¤T$2+^�sJGNid6*O�S3H�n�*H�93H�6>7/4��3^�P32�O>7 6/T/?yP=5gij93H�k

�*H�9JH�6>7/4Q�J^�P32�O$7:6/T/?�l\h$G���x�H37:P�T+]>2�O�T$2+2�s/.J2 z8G�H3monP=5|B�G�H=^�H34:6>7�2:9=.*q�<3HIieG:6*q/<3H+5�O+O�5�q�}�7:�|nP=5|B�<$2:<+S>^�5�6>7�2Q93037:A=HIij<8G*7:A=H+5/O+O=5�q�}�V*�Zn./T�O=H+5�sUP=5�.+T=O=H+5�sNij93H�kX./T=O=H*5�s�l\P=5JmonP=5�./T=O=H+5/s�B�G:6�5/O/6Zl�mon6*O*qU_gP=5�./T�O=H+5�s�B\D=2=7b9|l�mon��4�5�6$4 T�l�tb9=6�H�O+O�S*<*6�H�s/u=hJ4�H�<*687�2:9`H3m-_0�qJG:63HQ?CBEH�O*O�B�<=O$7 9*6J^:9|l:�bD=2=7b9�l�mXp=537�^�H/s{����mon�

����H=^=G�HU_7:p�l�5=^�P32�O$7 6+T/?CBEH/��S35=^*Gol:��.�5�]+S¥0+H*5�OJ4 To��m+md_7b9*6c4/^*G�5/O+O=5�q�} �Ni�_$w:[*��n (+(*G*7QA=HN2�pg6+T3Hg¦=5�9=s$7:s�5�6�HX1$7/GQ67b9*6X6�H�9+S�O=H+5�O+O�5�q�}��IiX_$w:��n�(+(#F�5=^:SJHe2�pg6/TJHj.�5�]+SX.3H�9+S=O=H7b9*6UO=H�<3H�6>7 6>7�2Q9>Ggicw�np32�O�l�7b9*6f7-i�[�n�7-�e4/^*G�5/O+O=5�q�B�^�H�9=P/6+T�n&7Q�*�Jm-_p32�O�l�7b9=6XVUiX[�n£VN�-6�H�9*S=O=H+5�O*O=5�q�B�^/H�9=P/6/T�n§V=�*�Jm-_p32�O�l�7b9=6NDgiX[�n�DX�jO=H�<JH�6>7 6>7/2:9>G�n�D+�+�Jmj_hJG�B�G�H�6+�35=^:S3H+;/p�l\hJG�rJ7b987 6>7�5�^=mon.�5�]+S30+H+5/OJ4 T{B�T>2+^�sJGUij6*O�SJH�n.�5�]+S30+H+5/OJ4 TN6$Gjij9JH�k

Page 145: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¶�¨.�5�]*S30+H+5�O$4 T|l\hJG���x=H37:P/T+]$2�O�T>2+2�s/.J2:z8G�H3mon

6$G�B�4�5�9=s>7:s=5�6�H/1$7/G:6�0J7:A=HKiN4/^=G�5�O+O=5/q�}�7:�Zn6$G�B¤6�5�]+S=.�H�9+S=O�Heid63H�9+S=O=H*5�O+O=5�q�}¤V*�Zn./T�O=H+5�sX6$G:.+T=O=H+5�sNij93H�kX./T=O=H*5�s�lE6$G=mon6$GQ./T=O=H+5/s�B�G:6�5/O/6Zl�mon6*O*qU_d6$G:./T�O=H+5�s�B\D=2=7b9|l�mon��4�5�6$4 T�l�tb9=6�H�O+O�S*<*6�H�s/u=hJ4�H�<*687�2:9`H3m-_0�qJG:63HQ?CBEH�O*O�B�<=O$7 9*6J^:9|l:�bD=2=7b9�l�mXp=537�^�H/s{����mon�

�������

�=(+(*G:635�O/6�

Page 146: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¶ \

(*)+)d0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6�BED*5�F�5�lbw�m��H�G*4QO$7b]3H3Gju�5�4 TUMJ2=7b9=6f7 9e0+H+5/OJ4 TK0�<35�4�HgpJ2�Og6+T3H

,/.�0g132*4�5�6>7�2:9c;�<*6>7�?@7QA=5�6>7�2Q9NM*O32:]$^/HQ?CBR 5�S=6/T$2�OU,�T353G:V�5�OXW*O$7+G T+935Q?$5�4 T35�O>7

)/(7�?*<>2�O/6ID+5�F�5|B�S*6>7�^�B�)�n<+S+]>^=7/4U4/^�5�G*Gj0+H*5�OJ4 T*M$2=7b9*6`7b?*<$^�HQ?$H�9*6$Gg¦�2:?*<35�O=5�]$^�He_(+(-¦/1*�=0+0g�*�/v>tQ�+,+1/u�0(+(j©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©*©+©*©*©(*)+) 5=^+^jhN4/2/©=2�O+s$7 935�6�H�GN^=7�Hj]3H�6+k�H*H�9K[j6J2-ª/v*�+x=��uf)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4jp$7b9J5=^N7b9*6Uª=r�v*�+x=��uNicw:[*[�n(*)+)d5=^+^jqN4/2�©�2�O+s$7b9J5�6�H�Ge^�7�H-]JH�6+k�H+H�9I[j6J2-«+v*�+x*�/uc)+(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4jp$7b9J5=^N7b9*6X«�r�v*�+x=��uNicw:[*[�n(*)+)#.J2Q6�5=^#9+S/?=]3H�OK2�pg<$2*G+G*7 ]$^�H�,=5�G�HU0�635�6>7�2:9f^+2=4�5�6>7�2Q9>GU)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4jp$7b9J5=^N7b9*6Ux=r�,/.�0XiX¡$wLn(*)+)U7b987 6>7�5=^-9+S/?*]3H/OI2�pg,=5�G�HX0�6�5�6>7�2Q9>GX^+2*4�5�687�H�sf)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4jp$7b9J5=^N7b9*6ft:x$t .>tQ�+1=r�x=r/,/.�0eiXY+¬�n(*)+)dH�h�<$2:9JH�9*6c2�pK4/2QF�H�O+M�H�OJ4�H�9*6�5�P=HU6J2X4�5=^*4 S$^/5�6�HU¦�2*GQ6K)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4jp$7b9J5=^ds32:S+]$^/Hg�*1/M+­*�Ui���BE[�n(*)+)#6/T3H��*©��N5�O+O=5�qK4/2:9=6�537b987 9=Pf4/2QF�H/O=5�P=Hctb9�p32�O�?J5�6>7�2:9¢)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4e7b9*6®}���} ��}��c4/2QF�H/O=5�P=H��*O+O=5�qIij93H�k

7b9*6®}�x=r�,/.30���}�ª=r�v*�+x*��u=��}¤«�r�v=�+x*��u*�|n(*)+)-�3^+^#<$2*G+G*7 ]$^�HN^+2*4�5�6>7�2:9>GU2�p�,=53G�H�0�6�5�6>7�2Q9>GU)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4#]$2+2*^�H+5�9¯}���} �I^*2*4�5�6>7/2:9>GQ�+O*O=5�qIij93H�k

]$2+2+^�H*5�9¯}�ª=r�v*�*x*��u*��}�«�r�v*�+x=��u*�Zn(*)+)d5-v�5�9�s32 ?e9+S/?*]JH�OUP=H�93H�O�5�6J2�Of)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4-v�5�9�s32 ?IO=5�9=s=�*H�9Iij9JH�k�v35�9=s32 ?�l�mon(*)+)&?*S*6�5�687�2:9U<=O32:]J5�]87�^=7:6*qXS>G�H�sX6J2-P=H�93H/O=5�6�Hg93HJ7:P�T+]$2�OK)+(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4js32:S*]$^�HgM�?Ii�BE[$w�n

(+(-¦/1*�=0+0d°*u+.+­3;���0(+(j©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©(*)+)j¦/O=H+5�63He4/2�F�H�O=5�P�H��+O+O=5/qK5�9=sI^+2*4�5�6>7�2:9>G��+O+O=5�qIp+O32 ?Is=5�635e)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4-FJ2=7QsKG�H�6/S+<*M=O32:]$^�H�?±l�m-_v�H+5/s*¦�2QF�H/O=5�P=H��35�6�5ZB�P�H�93H�O=5�6�H+¦�2�F3H�O=5/P�H��+O*O�5�q�l�m�n4/2QF3H�O=5�P=H/�+O+O=5�qKijv�H+5/s*¦�2QF�H/O=5�P=H��35�6�5ZB�4+2QF�H�O=5/P�H��+O=O=5�qZn

Page 147: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¶ w

^+2*4�5�6>7�2:98GQ�+O+O=5/qIidv3H+5�s*¦�2�F�H�O=5�P�H���5�6�5|B�P=H�6*1J2*4�5�6>7+2:9>GQ�=O+O=5�q|l�mon�

(+(Xt:x�0�.*�+x*¦/ue�*�/v>t:�*,+1/u�0(+(�©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©(*)+)-s=H�G+4QO>7b]3H�G-k/T87+4 Tf^+2*4�5�687�2:9>G-T35�F�H-]JH+H�9fG�H=^�H�4Q6�H�sf4 S=O*O=H�9*6J^�qK)+(<+S+]$^=7+4&]$2*2+^�H+5�9²} �NG�H=^/H�4:6�H�s*132*4�5�687�2:9>GUij93H�kg]$2*2+^�H+5�9¯}�x�r�,/.�0��|n(*)+)U7b9=s$7/4�5�6�H�G-k/T87+4 Tf^+2*4�5�687�2:9>Gjk�H/O=He4:T35�9=P=H/sc7 9�93HJ7:P�T+]$2�O�l�mU)/(<+S+]$^=7+4&]$2*2+^�H+5�9²} �N4 T35�9=P=H�s+1J2*4�5�6>7/2:9>GXij93H�k�]$2+2+^/H+5�9²}�x=r/,/.�0��Zn(*)+)a<3H�OJ4�H�9*6�5�P=HI2�pX5�O=H*5N4+2QF�H�O=H/sg]�qIG�H�^�H�4:6�H/sX,+.�0e)+(<+S+]$^=7+4#s32QS+]$^�HI4/2QF3H�O/M�H�O$4�H�9*6�5/P=H�n(*)+)a9+S/?*]3H/ON2�pg]35�G�HNGQ6�5�6>7�2Q9>GU4 S=O+O=H�9*6J^�qfG�H�^�H�4:6�H/sK)+(<+S+]$^=7+4X7b9=6K4 S�O+O=H�9*6=x=r�,/.�0�n(*)+)#6/T3HN4/2*G:6K2�p�6/T3HN4 S=O+O=H�9*6X<$2=7b9*6y7b9X6/T3HNG�H+5�O$4 TyG <35�4�HI)/(<+S+]$^=7+4#s32QS+]$^�HX¦�2*GQ6|n(+(Xt:x�0�.*�+x*¦/uU°*u+.+­�;���0(+(j©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©(*)+)U7b987 6>7�5=^=7:A=He5�0+H+5�O$4 TK©jP=H�9JH�O=5�6�He5dO=5�9=sJ2 ?c0+H+5�OJ4:T*MJ2=7b9=6$)/(<+S+]$^=7+4aFJ2�7:s 7b987 6³l�mj_p32�O�l�7b9=6�VeiX[�n£VN�jx=r�,+.�0�n�V=�+�Jmd_G�H=^�H�4Q6�H�s+132=4�5�6>7�2Q9>G~}¤V*�cigp�5=^*G�H�n4 T35�9=P�H�s+132*4�5�6>7�2:98G~}¤V*� igp�5=^*G�H�n

�7b9*6XVeidO=5�9�s*�*H�9{B¤93H�h/6>t 9*6Zl\x=r/,/.�03monp32�O�l�7b9=6c7Qi=[�n´7#�It:x$t .>tQ�+1=r�x=r/,/.�0�nµ7��+�Jmj_k/T87�^�H¶l�G�H�^�H�4:6�H/s+132*4�5�6>7�2:9>G�}¤V*�fi+id6=O�S3HImVeidO=5�9�s*�*H�9{B¤93H�h/6>t 9*6Zl\x=r/,/.�03mon

G�H=^�H�4Q6�H�s+132=4�5�6>7�2Q9>G~}¤V*�cid6=O�S3H�n§(+(UG�H=^�H�4Q6UO�5�9=s32 ?y^+2=4�5�6>7�2Q9>GVXi�O=5�9=s*�=H�9{B�93H/h/6>tb9*6|l\x=r�,/.303mon

�4 S=O*O=H�9*6*x�r�,/.�0eiIt:x$t .8t:�+1=r�x�r�,/.�0�n6/T87+G~BEH�F�5�^:S35�6�H+¦�2*G:6Zl�monµ(*(�4�5=^=4 S$^�5�63H�6/T3HN4 S=O+O=H�9*6f4/2*G:6

�(*)+)-P=H�93H�O�5�6�H�G#93H37QP�T+]$2�Oc2�pN4 S=O*O=H�9*6K0+H*5�OJ4 T*M$2=7b9*6y)/(

Page 148: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¶ �

<+S+]$^=7+4j0+H*5�OJ4 T*M$2=7b9*6e9JH37:P�T+]>2�O³l�7b9*6Ux=H37:P/T+]$2�O�T>2+2�s/.J2:z8G�H3mU_0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6U93H�h+6eij93H�kN0+H+5�O$4 T*MJ2=7 9*6Zl�monp32�O�l�7b9=6�V=i=[�n�VU�gx=r�,/.�0�nV��+�Jmj_93H�h/6�B�G�H=^�H�4Q6�H�s+132=4�5�6>7�2Q9>G~}¤V*�yiNG�H=^�H�4Q6�H�s+132=4�5�6>7�2Q9>G~}¤V*�|n93H�h/6�B�4 T35�9=P�H�s+132*4�5�6>7�2:98G~}¤V*�figp�5=^*G�H�n

� (+(�s=H/p=5�S$^Q6eF35=^:S3H�GG:k>7:6$4 T|l\x�H37:P�T+]>2�O�T$2+2�s/.J2 z8G�H3mN_4�5�G�HX[Z·(+(*G*7�?=<$^�Hj?*S*6�5�6>7�2:9>Gjk87 6/TX<=O32:]35�]87�^=7 6=qUM�?(+(#p32�OU5=^*^#]@7 6$GX4/2:9>G*7Qs=H�O=H�sp32�O�l�7b9=6XV�i*[�nVU�gx=r�,/.�0�nV��+�Jmj_

7:p�lgl\O=5�9=s*�*H�9CB�93H�h/6*�J2:S+]$^/H~l�me�jM�?Lm mj_93H�h/6�B�G�H=^�H�4Q6�H�s+132=4�5�6>7�2Q9>G~}¤V*�yi

�Ql�G�H�^�H�4:6�H/s+132*4�5�6>7�2:9>G�}¤V*�$mon93H�h/6�B�4 T35�9=P�H�s+132*4�5�6>7�2:98G~}¤V*�fid6=O�S3H�n

��

]=O=H+5�V�n4�5�G�Hcwo·(+(�p3^=7 <N5�9�qI2Q93H¸l�G*7b9=P3^/H3ma]87 6N5�6XO�5�9=s32 ?

7b9=6�VeigO�5�9=s*�*H�9{B�93H�h+6>tb9*6Zl�x=r�,/.�0Jmon93H/h/6�B�G�H�^�H�4:6�H/s+132*4�5�6>7�2:9>G�}�V*�fi

�Ql�G�H=^/H�4:6�H�s*132*4�5�687�2:9>G~}�V*�$mon93H/h/6�B�4 TJ5�9=P=H�s*132*4�5�687�2:9>G~}�V=�fid6*O/S3H�n

]=O=H+5�V�n4�5�G�HXYZ·(+(X7b9@7 6>7�5�63He5#93H�k�<$2=7 9*6y7b9N5-<+S=O=H�^�qUO=5�9=s32:?Np�5�G T87�2Q9

93H/h/6�B�7b9@7 6Zl�monp32�O¹l�7 9*6UV�Y/i*[�nV�YX�dx�r�,/.�0�n�V�Y+�+�Jmj_

7:p�l�G�H=^/H�4:6�H�s*132*4�5�687�2:9>G~}�V�Y�� �¤i93H�h+6�B�G�H=^/H�4:6�H�s*132*4�5�687�2:9>G~}�V3Y��$m9JH�h/6�B�4:T35�9=P=H/s+132*4�5�6>7�2:9>G�}¤V�Y��fid6=O�S3H�n

�]=O=H+5�V�n

�93H�h+6�B�4 S=O*O=H�9*6*x�r�,/.�0Ii�[�n

Page 149: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

º�»

p32�O�l�7b9=6�V=i=[�n�VU�gx=r�,/.�0�nV��+�Jm7:p¶l 9JH�h/6�B�G�H=^�H�4:63H�s+132*4�5�6>7�2:98G�}¤V*�yi+id6*O�S3HJm

93H/h/6�B�4 S�O+O=H�9*6=x=r�,/.�0+�+��n93H�h+6�BEH�F�5�^:S35�6�H+¦�2*G:6Zl�monµ(*(*4�5=^*4:S$^�5�6�HK4+2*G:6O=H�6+S=O�9U93H�h/6�n

(*)+)#u+F�5=^:SJ5�6�Hg6/T3HN4/2*G:6K2�p�6/T87/Gg5�G*G*7:P�9/?$H�9*6f)/(<=O$7 F�5�6�HgFJ2=7:seH�F�5=^QS35�6�H/¦32*G:6Zl�mX_4�5=^=4 S$^�5�63H/¦�2QF�H/O/M�H�OJ4�H�9*6�5�P�H~l�mon¦�2*GQ6Ui¹l+l\s32QS+]$^�H3mU4:S=O+O=H�9=6*x=r�,/.303m�(

l °35�6/T{B�<$2�kZl�4/2QF3H�O/M�H�O$4�H�9*6�5/P�H��E�*1+M+­*�>m*m/)�wQ[*[+[+[�BE[�n�

(*)+)X4�5=^*4 S>^�5�6�Hg6/T3Hj<3H�O$4�H�9*6�5/P=HI2�pe5�O=H+5N4/2QF�H/O=H�sf)/(<=O$7 F�5�6�HgFJ2=7:sK4�5=^*4:S$^�5�6�H+¦�2QF�H�O+M�H�OJ4�H�9*6�5�P=H�l�me_7b9*6®}���} �g6J2�6�5=^�¦�2�F�H�O=5�P�Heij9JH�k

7b9*6®}�ª=r�v*�+x*��u=��}¤«�r�v=�+x*��u*�|nµ(+(�6J2Q6�5=^e4/2�F�H�O=5�P�HX5/O+O=5�q4/2QF3H�O/M�H�O$4�H�9*6�5/P=HeiU[�np32�O�l�7b9=6c7Qi=[�n´7#�gª=r�v*�+x=��u|n´7Q�+�Jmd_p32�O�l�7b9*6ND/i*[�n¼D+��ª�r�v*�+x*�/u|n§D/�+�Jm _p32�O�l�7b9=6XV�i*[�nVU�gx=r�,/.�0�nV��+�Jm _7:p¶l�G�H=^�H�4:63H�s+132*4�5�6>7�2:98G~}¤V*�fi+ig6*O�S3H3md_6J2Q635=^�¦�2QF3H�O=5�P=H|}�7:��}ED/�c�+iN4/2QF�H/O=5�P=H��*O+O=5�q�}�V*��}�7:��}ED��Zn

��4/2QF3H�O/M�H�O$4�H�9*6�5/P=He�+i

l�6J2Q6�5=^�¦�2QF�H�O�5�P=HZ}�7Q��}ED��f½�[3md¾Nw¥·[�n(+(*4+2:S+9*6e¿I2�pd<>2=7b9*6$GU4/2�F�H�O=H�sf7b9¢w:[+[�h@w:[+[XP+O$7Qs

��4/2QF3H�O/M�H�O$4�H�9*6�5/P=HK(�i¹l+l\s32QS+]$^�H3mÀl�ª=r�v*�+x=��u$):«�r�v*�+x*��u$(3w:[+[3m*mon

Page 150: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

º=

(*)+)#6J2�G�H�6�6/TJHdF35=^:S3H�G�2�pI2:93HNG�H+5�O$4 TU<$2=7b9*6U6J2g5�9$2�6/T3H�Oc)/(<+S+]$^=7+4aFJ2�7:scG�H�6+��5�^:S3H+;�pZl�0+H+5�OJ4:T*MJ2=7b9=6yG <8mj_p32�O�l�7b9=6�V=i=[�n�VU�gx=r�,/.�0�nV��+�Jmj_6/T87/G~B�G�H=^�H�4Q6�H�s+132=4�5�6>7�2Q9>G~}¤V*�yiNG <{B�G�H�^�H�4:6�H/s+132*4�5�6>7�2:9>G�}¤V*�Zn6/T87/G~B�4 T35�9=P�H�s+132*4�5�6>7�2:98G~}¤V*�fiNG:<{B�4 T35�9=P=H�s+1J2*4�5�6>7/2:9>G~}¤V=�Zn

�6/T87+G~B�4 S=O*O=H�9*6*x�r�,/.�0IieG <{B�4 S=O+O=H�9*6*x=r�,+.�0�n6/T87+G~B ¦�2*GQ6IieG <{BE¦�2*G:6|n6/T87+G~B�4/2QF3H�O/M�H�O$4�H�9*6�5/P=HIiNG <{B�4+2QF�H�O/M3H�OJ4�H�9=6�5�P=H�n

�(*)+)-p32�OK4/2 ?*<35/O$7b9=PK2:93HX0+H+5/OJ4 TeMJ2=7b9=6X6$2d5�9>2Q6/T3H�Oc)/(<+S+]$^=7+4X7b9=6K4/2:?*<35�O=H�.J2�l�;�]JD+H�4:6`2=m _7b9*6UO=H�6+S=O�9*��5�^:S3HUiU[¸n0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6yGji¸l�0+H*5�OJ4 T*M$2=7b9*6>me2�n7:p�lE6/T87+G~B ¦�2*GQ6K�UG~B ¦32*G:6>m-O=H�6+S=O�9*��5�^:S3HeiX©$wLn7:p�lE6/T87+G~B ¦�2*GQ6Ii+iNG�B ¦�2*G:68m#O�H�6/S=O�9=��5=^:S3HUiX[�n7:p�lE6/T87+G~B ¦�2*GQ6K½UG~B ¦32*G:6>m-O=H�6+S=O�9*��5�^:S3HeicwLnO=H�6+S=O�9NO=H�6/S�O�9*��5=^QS3H�n

��

Page 151: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

º ¶(*)+)#v�H+5/s*¦�2QF�H/O=5�P=H��35�6�5ZBED*5�F�5

./T87+G&<=OJ2�P+O=5Q?KO�H+5�sJG#6/T3HX5�G+4*7*7#s�5�6�5gp$7�^�H�G-6/TJ5�6s=H�G*4QO$7b]3H�6+T3H-<>2*G+G*7b]>^�H�,=0d1J2*4�5�6>7/2:9>G

R 5�S=6/T$2�OU,�T353G:V�5�OXW*O$7+G T+935Q?$5�4 T35�O>7)/(7�?*<>2�O/6 D+5�F35ZB�7�2�B�)�n<+S+]>^=7/4U4/^�5�G*Gav�H*5�s*¦�2QF3H�O=5�P=H���5�6�5K_(*)+)#6/T3Hj9+S/?*]3H/OI2�pe^+2*4�5�6>7�2:98Ge)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4jp$7b9J5=^N7b9*6Ux=r�,/.�0XiX¡$wLn(*)+)#6/T3Hgh=©�O=5�9�P=HN2�pg6+T3HeG�H�O/F>7/4�HX5/O=H+5N)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4jp$7b9J5=^N7b9*6Uª=r�v*�+x=��uNicw:[*[�n(*)+)#6/T3Hgq=©�O=5�9�P=HN2�pg6+T3HeG�H�O/F>7/4�HX5/O=H+5N)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4jp$7b9J5=^N7b9*6X«�r�v*�+x=��uNicw:[*[�n(*)+)#6/T3H��*©�s$7�?$H�9>G*7�2Q935=^X5�O+O�5�qc4/2:9*6�5J7b987b9=PI5�^+^#6+T3H4/2QF�H/O=5�P=HK7b9=pJ2�O�?J5�687�2:9c5cw:[+[�h8wQ[+[U5�O+O=5�qUp32�OUH+534 TU,+.�0e)+(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4e7b9*6®}���} ��}��c4/2QF�H/O=5�P=H��*O+O=5�qIij93H�k

7b9*6®}�x=r�,/.30���}�ª=r�v*�+x*��u=��}¤«�r�v=�+x*��u*�|n(*)+)#6/T3Hj]+S=p+p=H/O=H�sf7b9+<+S=6cGQ6*O=H+5Q?IO=H*5�s=H�O�6J2jO=H+5�sUp$7�^/H�G�)+(<=O$7 F�5�6�HIG:6�5�6>7+4-,/S=p+p=H�O�H�s/v�H+5/s=H�O¢7b9*<+S*6eij9+S>^+^�n(*)+)-P=H�93H�O�5�6�Hg6/T3HN4/2QF�H/O=5�P=H��*O+O=5�qNp*O32 ?K5�<+<=O32Q<=O$7�5�63HXp$7�^�H�GU)/(<+S+]$^�7/4UG:6�5�6>7+4#F$2=7:sXP=H�93H�O�5�6�H/¦�2�F�H�O=5�P�H��+O+O=5/q±l�mj_7b9=6Á}���}��X6�HQ?*< id93H�kf7b9*6®}�ª=r�v*�*x*��u*��}�«�r�v*�+x=��u*�Znp32�O¹l�7 9*6X9UiU[�n£9N�dx�r�,/.�0¹n£93�+�Jmj_0�6*O$7 9=PUpJG-iX0�qJG:63HQ?CB�P=H�6+M*O32:<JH�O/6*q�l:��p$7�^�H|B�G�H�<$5�O=5�6>2�OL��m�n0�6*O$7 9=P�9+S/?Ii¸l 93H�kft 9*6�H�P=H/O�l 9��>w/m+m�B¤6J2/0�6*O$7b9�P�l�mon6�HQ?*<Ni�O=H+5�s*¦32QF�H�O=5/P=H�Â$7�^/H~l �Q4/2�F�H�O=5�P�H���5�635@�d�gpJG

�f�Q4+2QF����g9+S/?I�¢�LB¤6*h/6o��mon4/2QF�H/O=5�P=H��*O+O=5�q�}¤9=�Iig6�HQ?*<�n

��

(*)+)-P=H�6X6/T3Hj]$2+2+^/H+5�9K5�O+O=5/qI2�pN^+2=4�5�6>7�2Q9>Gjp+O32 ?c5�<+<�O32:<=O$7�5�6�HXp$7�^/He)/(<+S+]$^�7/4UG:6�5�6>7+4a]>2+2+^�H+5�9±} ��}��XP=H�6*132=4�5�6>7�2Q9>GQ�+O+O�5�q�l�mU_]$2*2+^�H+5�9¯}���}��X6�HQ?*<=,J2+2+^�H+5�9Kij93H�kg]$2*2+^�H+5�9¯}�ª�r�v*�+x*�/u*��}¤«�r�v*�+x*��u=�Zn7b9=6Á}���}��X6�HQ?*<8t 9*6Ni-93H�kf7b9*6±}�ª�r�v*�+x*�/u*��}¤«�r�v*�+x*��u=�Zn0�6=O$7b9=PUpJGjiX0/qJG:6�HQ?�B�P=H�6+M=O32:<3H�O+6*q�l ��p>7�^�HZB�G�H�<35�O35�6J2�Oo��mon6�H�?*<8tb9*6Ni�O=H+5�s=¦�2QF�H�O�5�P=H�Â$7/^�H~l �Q4+2QF�H�O=5/P�H���5�6358�g�dp$G

Page 152: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

º�º

�¢��O=5�9�s32 ?�132=4�5�6>7�2Q9>G~B¤6*h+6���monp32�O¹l�7 9*6y7Qi*[�n�7-�dª=r�v*�*x*��u|nÃ7Q�*�Jmp32�O�l�7b9*6ND/i*[�n¼D��j«3r�v*�+x*�/u|n�D/�+�Jm6�H�?*<=,32+2*^�H+5�9{}�7:��}ED��ci¶l\6�HQ?*<8t 9*6�}�7:��}ED��Ii+ifw�md¾#6*O/S3H�·�p=5=^=G�H�n

O=H�6/S=O�9e6�HQ?=<=,32+2+^/H+5�9�n�

(*)+)-O=H+5�se5�O+O=5/qXp*O32 ?K5jP$7 F3H�9Np$7�^�HN)/(<=O$7 F35�6�HIG:6�5�687/4e7b9*6®}���}��XO=H+5�s=¦�2QF�H�O�5�P=H�Â$7/^�H~l�0�6=O$7b9=Pfp$7�^/H�935Q?JHJm�_7b9=6Á}���}��N5/ij9JH�kc7 9*6Á} ª=r�v*�+x=��u*��}¤«3r�v*�+x*�/u*�Zn6*O*qU_e(+(-6J2X4�5�6$4 Tyt�;XH�O+O32�O$G7b9+<+S=6Uid93H�kU,�S=p+p�H�O=H�s/v3H+5�s=H�OZl 93H�kcÂ$7�^�H�v3H+5�s=H�O�l�p$7�^�H�9J5Q?JH3m+m�n7b9*6f7aiU[��¼DdiU[�n4 T35�OK4ji¸l�4 TJ5�O$mU7b9+<+S=6�B�O=H+5/s�l�monk/T87�^/H¸l�4¹��i�©$wgm _7:p�l�¦�TJ5�O=5�4:63H�O�B�7/GQ�>7:P$7 6|l�4*m+me_5Z}�7:��}ED��ei¶l�93H�kftb9*6�H/P=H�O�lel 9JH�k

¦�T35�O�5�4:6�H�OZl�4*m+m�B�6J2�0�6*O>7b9=P�l�mfm�m�B�7b9*6*��5=^:S3H�l�mon7:p�l�D���i¸lE«�r�v*�+x*��u3©$w�mNmD/�*��n (+(=7b984QO=HQ?JH�9*6y4/2+^:S+?*9>GU4/2�O+O�H�4:6J^�q

H=^*G�HX_7Q�*��nD�iX[�n

��7:p�l�7-i+i�ª=r�v*�+x=��u>m]=O=H+5�V|n

4ji¸l�4:T35�O$mU7b9+<*S*6�B�O=H*5�s�l�mon�

�4�5�6$4 TÁl�t�;�u=hJ4�H�<*687�2:9cH3mj_0�qJG:63HQ?CBEH�O*O�B�<=O$7 9*6J^:9|l:��t�;�u*h$4�H�<*687/2:9`H�9>4/2QS+9*6�H�O�H�sL��mon

�O=H�6/S=O�9K5�n

��

Page 153: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

º x

(*)+)#.�5�]*S30+H+5�O$4 T{BED+5�F�5³l�w�m��9y7�?*<$^/HQ?JH�9*635�6>7�2:9`2�pg.35�]+SI0+H+5�OJ4:TepJ2�Og6+T3H

,/.�0g132*4�5�6>7�2:9c;�<*6>7�?@7QA=5�6>7�2Q9NM*O32:]$^/HQ?R 5�S=6/T$2�O�·,�TJ5�G:V�5�OUW=O$7/G T+9J5Q?J5�4 TJ5�O$7

)/(7�?*<>2�O/6ID+5�F�5|B�S*6>7�^�B�)�n<+S+]>^=7/4U4/^�5�G*Ga.�5�]+S30+H+5/OJ4 T`7�?*<>^�HQ?JH�9=6$Gjv/S+9+9J5�]$^�He_(+(-¦/1*�=0+0g�*�/v>tQ�+,+1/u�0(+(j©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©(*)+)d5#]$2+2*^�H+5�9Np3^�5/P�6$2�4 T3H34:Vy7b9K2�O+s=H�O�6J2UG:6J2:<e6/T=O�H+5�sK)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4#]$2+2*^�H+5�9UT$2+^�sJGdid6*O/S3H�n(*)+)XG:6J2�O=Hd6/T3Hj]3H�GQ6c4+2*G:6cG�H+H�9XS+<U6J2dH*5�4 Ty7 6�H�O=5�6>7�2:9¢)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4js32:S*]$^�H�}��XhJG ]Án(*)+)XG*7:A=He2�pK4�5�9=s$7Qs=5�6�HN^=7/GQ6c)+(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4e7b9*6c4�5�9�s$7:s=5�63H�1$7/G:63037:A=H�n(*)+)#6/T3Hd6�5�]+SU6�H�9+S�O=HI)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4e7b9*6X6�5�]*S*.�H�9+S�O=H�n

(+(Xt:x�0�.*�+x*¦/ue�*�/v>t:�*,+1/u�0(+(j©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©(*)+)#./T3Hj]3H�G:6N0+H+5�O$4 TeMJ2=7b9*6cG�H+H�9U6$2-s=5�6�He)+(<=O$7 F�5�6�HU0+H+5�OJ4:T*MJ2=7b9=6NhJG�n(*)+)#./T3Hj9+S/?*]3H/OI2�pI7 6�H/O=5�6>7�2Q9>Gj6J2jO�S+9Uv/�c)+(<=O$7 F�5�6�HK7b9*6f7 6�H�O=5�6>7�2:9>G�n(*)+)-x=H37:P�T*]$2�O�T$2*2�sU6*q�<3Hd6J2#S>G�H���5�G#s=H�p$7 93H�sf7b9I0+H+5�OJ4:T*MJ2=7b9=6y)/(<=O$7 F�5�6�HK7b9*6Ux/.J2 z8G�H�n(*)+)#6/T3HN4�5�9=s$7Qs=5�6�HN^=7/GQ6c)+(<=O$7 F�5�6�HU0+H+5�OJ4:T*MJ2=7b9=6¯}��I4�5�9=s$7:s�5�6�H�1$7+G:6|n(*)+)#.�5�]+Sc^=7/G:6Up32�Og]35�G�HNGQ6�5�6>7�2Q9>GU)/(<=O$7 F�5�6�HK7b9*6®}��d]=6$G:.�5�]*S�n(+(-¦*;/x=0�.+v�zJ¦�.�;�v(+(j©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©<+S+]$^=7+4a.�5�]+S30+H+5/OJ4 T|l�0*H+5�OJ4 T=MJ2=7b9*6ÀG <���7b9=6Xx=HJ7:P�T+]$2�O�T$2+2�s+.J2 z8G�HJmX_hJGjieG <�nx/.J2:z8G�HXidx=HJ7:P�T+]$2�O�T$2+2�s+.J2 z8G�H�n

Page 154: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

º�Ä

(+(et:x=0�.=�+x*¦�uX°*u+.*­�;���0(+(g©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©(*)+)-O�S+9U6/T3Hd.�5�]+SI0+H+5�O$4 Ty)/(<+S+]$^=7+4aFJ2�7:sUO�S+9|l�mj_7 6�H/O=5�6>7�2Q9>Ggig,+.�0�132*4�5�6>7�2:9J;�<*6>7�?L7:A=5�6>7/2:9{B�t .*u*v

(U4�5�9=s$7Qs=5�6�H�1>7/G:6�037QA=H�n0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l ���+x=H�kc.35�]+SI0+H+5�OJ4:TeO/S+9cGQ6�5�O/6�H/sL��monhJG ]Nid93H�kUs32:S+]$^/H³}�7 6�H�O=5�6>7�2:9>G��Zn7b987:6>7�5=^=7QA=H�.�5�]*S=1$7/G:6>Gol�mon0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6NhUi-93H�kN0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6Zl�m�nh�B�7 987 6Zl�m�nh�B�G�H�6+��5=^QS3H+;�p�l�hJG*mon0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6Nh�<Nij9JH�ke0*H+5�OJ4 T=MJ2=7b9*6|l�monh�<{B�7b987 6Zl�mon0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l ��7b987:6>7�5=^�¦32*G:6o�diy���/hJG�B ¦�2*G:6��@�8nb��m�n

p32�O�l�7b9=6c7-iX[�n§7j�e7 6�H/O=5�6>7�2Q9>G�nµ7Q�*�Im-_P=H�93H�O�5�6�H/¦*5�9=s$7:s=5�6�H�1$7/GQ6Zl\h$monp32�O�l�7b9*6NDgiX[�n¼Dg�N4�5�9=s$7Qs=5�6�H�1>7/G:6�037QA=H�n�D+�+�Jm7:p�lgl�7+G:.�5�]+S�l�4�5�9=s>7:s=5�6�H/1$7/G:6�}\D/�Z�#7+mQi+i+p=5=^*G�HJm

Å+Å£5�G <@7:O=H�Gol�4�5�9=s$7Qs=5�6�H�1>7/G:6�}ED/�>mcm-_h�<{B�G�H�6+��5=^:SJH+;�p�l�4�5�9=s$7:s�5�6�H�1$7+GQ6�}ED/�>mon]=O=H+5�V�n

�7:p�lgl\h/<{B ¦�2*GQ6K�jhJG~BE¦�2*G:6>mem-_6*O+q=_�.+T=O=H+5�s�B�G/^�H+H�<|l�w�mon��4�5�6$4 T�l�tb9=6�H�O+O�S*<*6�H�s/u=hJ4�H�<*687�2:9`H3m-_/O=H�6/S=O/9�n��hJG~B�G�H�6+��5=^:SJH+;�p�l\h/<8monhJG~B�4 TJ5�9=P=H�sZl�mon

�S+<=s=5�63H�.�5�]+S�1$7/G:6$G�l\h�<���7*monh�B�G�H�6*��5=^:S3H*;�p�l\h�<@monhJG ]{}�7Q�UighJG~B ¦32*G:6|n

(+(�4 TJH�4:Vy7:pXO�S+9XT35�Ga]3H+H�9y7b9*6�H/O+O�S+<*63H�s

Page 155: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

º ¨7:p¶l T>2+^�sJGdi+i�p=5=^*G�H3md_0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l ���$7 63H/O=5�687/2:9��

4 S=O*O=H�9*6f4/2*GQ6�·µ���J7Q�@�@�b���/hJG�B ¦�2*G:68mon]=O=H*5�V|n

��e(+(jH�9�sg.�5�]+SK0+H+5�OJ4:Ty7:6�H�O=5�687�2:90�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l�mon0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l ��Â$7b9J5=^I¦�2*G:6�·µ���+hJG~B ¦�2=G:6>mon0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l ���=r+r*r+r*r+r*r*r+r+r*r*r+r+r*r*r+r+r*r*r+r+r=r+r8��m�n

(*)+)U7b987 6>7�5=^=7:A=H�6+T3Hj.35�]+Se1$7/G:6$Gjp32�Og6/TJH-<=OJ2:]$^�HQ?¢)/(<=O$7 F�5�6�HgFJ2=7:sc7b987 687�5=^=7:A�H�.�5�]+S�1$7/G:6$G�l�mU_]*6$GQ.�5�]+SIid93H�kf7b9*6®}�hJG~B�x�r�,/.�0��|n

�(*)+)-P=H�93H�O�5�6�HX¦*5�9=s>7:s=5�6�HI^�7/G:6Up32�OXP$7 F�H�9K0+H*5�OJ4 TeMJ2=7 9*6K)+(<=O$7 F�5�6�HgFJ2=7:sXP=H�93H/O=5�6�H/¦=5�9=s$7:s�5�6�H�1$7+G:6Zl�0+H*5/OJ4 T=M$2=7b9�6¥G=m-_4�5�9�s$7:s=5�63H�1$7/G:6ci-93H�kN0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6²}�4�5�9=s$7:s�5�6�H�1$7+G:6�037:A�H��Znp32�O�l�7b9=6eD�iX[�n�DX�U4�5�9�s$7:s=5�63H�1$7/G:63037:A=H�n´D/�+�Jm _4�5�9=s$7Qs=5�6�H�1>7/G:6�}ED/�Iij9JH�ke0*H+5�OJ4 T=MJ2=7b9*6|l�mon4�5�9=s$7Qs=5�6�H�1>7/G:6�}ED/��B�7b987:6Zl�mon4�5�9=s$7Qs=5�6�H�1>7/G:6�}ED/��B�G�H�6*��5=^:S3H*;/p�l�G�B¤93H37QP/T+]$2�OZl\x/.>2 z8G�H$m+mon

��+O+O�5�qJG~B�G+2�O/6Zl�4�5�9=s$7:s�5�6�H�1$7+G:68mon

�(*)+)X4 T3H�4:Vf7:pe5�G <87QO=5�6>7�2Q9¢4QO$7 6�H/O$7�5U5�O=HNG�5�6>7+GQp$7�H�sf)+(<=O$7 F�5�6�Hd]$2+2+^�H*5�9K5�G <87:O�H�Gol�0+H*5�OJ4 T*M$2=7b9*6¥G*m-_O=H�6+S=O�9Ál�G~B ¦32*G:6I�dh$G~B ¦�2*GQ6>mon

�(*)+)X4 T3H�4:Vf7:pe5#?82QF�HI7/Ga.35�]+Sf)/(<=O$7 F�5�6�Hd]$2+2+^�H*5�9¢7/G:.�5�]*S|l�0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6`G���7b9=6c7 63H�O+x�S/?=]3H�O$mg_

p32�O¹l�7 9*6IDdiU[�n�D��eG�B�x=r�,/.30�n�D/�+�Jmj_7:p¶lXl�7 6�H/O+x�S/?*]JH�OI©¸l\6�5�]+S*.3H�9+S=O=HU�j]*6$G:.35�]+S{}ED/�$m+m���[Nm

O=H�6/S�O�9e6*O�S3H�n�

Page 156: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

º�Æ

O=H�6/S�O�9Np=5=^*G�H�n�(*)+)aS+<=s=5�63Hj6/TJHd.35�]+Se1$7/G:6$GX)/(<=O$7 F�5�6�HgFJ2=7:sgS+<=s=5�6�H�.�5�]*S=1$7/G:6>Gol�0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7 9*6�G <��´7b9*6f7 6�H/O+x�S/?*]JH�O$mg_p32�O�l�7b9=6eD/i=[�n�D+�eG:<{B�x=r�,+.�0�n�D/�+�Jmd_7:p¶l�G:<{B�4 T35�9=P=H�s+1J2*4�5�6>7/2:9>G~}ED/�fi*id6*O/S3H3m

]*6>G:.�5�]+SC}ED��NiK7 6�H�O+x/S/?*]3H�O|n�

��

Page 157: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

º w

(*)+)-Â$7:h�H�sUx=H�6+kJ2�O/VU.J2:<$2+^*2�P+q�°87b987b?@7:A=5�687�2:9IM*OJ2�P+O=5Q?R 5�S=6/T$2�OU,�T353G:V�5�OXW*O$7+G T+935Q?$5�4 T35�O>7x32Q63HZ·�¦�2�s=Hj<3H�O/63537b987b9�PU6J2j�+O=5�<+T87+4�5=^#z8G�H�Oftb9=6�H�O+p=534�H

T35�Ga]3H+H�9c2 ?@7 6*6�H�s)/(<+S+]>^=7/4U4/^�5�G*G#x=H�6+kJ2�O/V3;�<*6>7�?L7:A=5�6>7/2:9¢_(*)*)a6/TJH�0+H*5�OJ4 T*M$2=7b9*6N6+T35�6cG:6�5�O/6>GdH*5�4 TeO�S+9f)/(<+S*]$^=7/4UG:6�5�6>7/4g0+H+5�O$4 T*MJ2=7 9*6NhJGjij93H�ke0+H*5�OJ4 T*M$2=7b9*6Zl�mon(*)*)�G:6$2�O=H�G-6/T3HdF�5=^QS3H�GX2�pXhJG&]JH�p32�O=HU5�9�qI4 TJ5�9=P=H�GU)/(<=O>7 F�5�6�HIG:635�6>7/4g0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6NhJG�rJ7b987 6>7�5=^�ij9JH�ke0*H+5�OJ4 T=MJ2=7b9*6|l�mon(*)*)a6/TJH-9+S+?*]3H�OK2�pXp�S+9>4Q6>7�2:9KH�F�5�^:S35�6>7/2:9>Gd6J2a]3Hj<3H�O+p32�O�?JH�sf)/(<+S*]$^=7/4UG:6�5�6>7/4e7b9*6ft .+u+veifw:[+[+[+[*[�n(*)*)a6/TJHdx=HJ7:P�T+]$2�O�T$2+2�sN6J2a]JH#S>G�H/se53G#s=H/p$7b93H�sf7b9I0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6y)/(<=O>7 F�5�6�HIG:635�6>7/4e7b9*6Ux=H37QP�T+]$2�O/T$2+2�s/.$2 z8G�HIicwLn(*)*)a6/TJH�5=^�P32�O$7 6+T/?I6J2jO�S+9f)/(<=O>7 F�5�6�HIG:635�6>7/4g0�6*O>7b9=PN5=^�P32�O$7 6/T/?¯n

(*)*)a6/TJH#?J5J7b9U<=O32�P+O�5Q?N6J2-O/S+9c)+(<+S*]$^=7/4UG:6�5�6>7/4-FJ2=7:sd?J537 9|l�0�6*O>7b9=PK5�O*PJG~}��$md_

(+(js=H�p�5�S$^Q6UF�5=^QS3H�Gjp32�Og<=O32:]>^�HQ?e<35�O=5�?JH�6�H�O$GhJG�B�x=r�,/.30Ui�¡+[¹nhJG�B�x=r�,=0+¦eig��nhJG�B�°=�+ª=r/,/.�0UiUY+[�nhJG�B��+1/M+­=�Ni�¡�nhJG�B¤k@w#i�B �*��nhJG�B¤k�YXi�B �*��nhJG�B�,=0/¦��3H�F>7�5�687�2:9fiX[ZB�wLn0+H*5�OJ4 T*M$2=7b9*6�B�G�H�6/S+<=M*O32:]$^/HQ?�l�m�nhJG�B�7b987 6|l�monhJG�r37b987 687�5=^�B�G�H�6+��5=^QS3H+;�p�l�hJG=mon5=^�P32�O$7 6+T/?ciy��v�5�9=s32:?U�J5=^QV��8nG:635�O/6Zl�m�n5=^�P32�O$7 6+T/?ciy� 037�?*S$^/5�6�H�sU��9+9JH+5=^=7b9�PL�8nG:635�O/6Zl�m�n5=^�P32�O$7 6+T/?ciy��.�5�]+SI0+H+5�O$4 To�8nG:635�O/6Zl�m�n

Page 158: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

º��

5=^�P32�O$7 6+T/?ciy�b�*H�93H�687/4j�3^�P32�O>7 6/T/?��@nG:635�O/6Zl�m�n

(*)+)U7b987 6>7�5�6�HU5-9JH�kI2Q<*6>7�?@7QA=5�6>7�2Q9IO�S+9f)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4-FJ2=7QsKGQ6�5�O/6Zl�mj_

0�q$G:6�HQ?CB�2:S*6�B�<�O$7b9*6J^Q9|l ���=r*r+r*r+r*r*r+r+r*r*r+r+r*r*r+r+r*r@��mon0�q$G:6�HQ?CB�2:S*6�B�<�O$7b9*6J^Q9|l ��� x/u/�ev�z3xU0�.=�/v+.+u+����m�n0�q$G:6�HQ?CB�2:S*6�B�<�O$7b9*6J^Q9|l ���=r*r+r*r+r*r*r+r+r*r*r+r+r*r*r+r+r*r@��mon

hJG�B�G�H�6+�35=^:S3H+;/p�l\hJG�rJ7b987 6>7�5=^�mon7:p�l�5=^�P32�O$7 6+T/?CBEH/��S35=^*Gol:��v�5�9=sJ2:?f�35=^QV���m+md_s32:S+]>^�Hd<35�O+O=5/q�}��eiX_*[���[|BE[+¡+��n�(+(aS+<+T87/^+^-<=O32:]35�]87�^=7 6=q7b9*6UO=H�<3H�6>7 6>7�2Q9>GgicwQ[�n (+(#9+S/?*]3H/OI2�pg6>7b?JH�G#6J2-O/S+9p32�O�l�7b9*6f7-i�[�n�7-�-<35�O+O�5�q�B�^�H�9=P/6/T�n&7Q�+�Jmd_p32�O�l�7b9=6NDgiX[�n�DX�jO=H�<JH�6>7 6>7/2:9>G�n�D+�+�Jmj_hJG�B�G�H�6+�35=^:S3H+;/p�l\hJG�rJ7b987 6>7�5�^=monv�5�9=s32 ?*�J5=^QV�B�T>2+^�sJGUij6*O�SJH�nv�5�9=s32 ?*�J5=^QVNO/keij9JH�k

v�5�9=s32 ?*�J5=^QVZl\h$G���x=H37QP�T+]$2�O/T$2+2�s/.$2 z8G�H3m�nO/k{B�<Ii-<35�O*O=5�q�}�7Q�Zn./T�O=H+5�sUO/k+.+T=O=H+5�sNij93H�kX./T=O=H*5�s�l\O/k8monO/k*./T=O=H+5/s�B�G:6�5/O/6Zl�mon6*O*qU_gO/k+./T�O=H+5�s�B\D=2=7b9|l�mon��4�5�6$4 TÁl�tb9*63H�O+O�S+<=6�H�s/u*h$4�H�<*6>7/2:9¢HJm-_0�qJG:6�H�?CBEH�O+O�B�<=O$7b9=6J^:9|l � D=2=7b9|l�mXp�537�^�H�sC����mon��

��H=^=G�HU_7:p�l�5=^�P32�O$7 6+T/?CBEH/��S35=^*Gol:�b037�?*S>^/5�6�H/sc�/9+93H+5=^�7b9=PL��m*mg_s32:S+]>^�HU5=^:<+T35/O+O=5�q�} �Ni�_+[ZB\Ç+Ç+��n�(*(N4/2+2+^=7 9=P�<35�O=5Q?$H�6�H�O7b9*6UO=H�<3H�6>7 6>7�2Q9>GgicwQ[�np32�O�l�7b9*6f7-i�[�n�7-��5=^:<+TJ5�O+O=5�q�B�^�H�9=P+6/T�n&7��+�Jmj_p32�O�l�7b9=6NDgiX[�n�DX�jO=H�<JH�6>7 6>7/2:9>G�n�D+�+�Jmj_hJG�B�G�H�6+�35=^:S3H+;/p�l\hJG�rJ7b987 6>7�5�^=mon037b?*S$^�5�63H�s+��9+9JH+5=^=7b9�P�B�T$2+^�s$Geid6*O/S3H�n037b?*S$^�5�63H�s+��9+9JH+5=^=7b9�P¢G�5�i

Page 159: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

x »

93H�kN0J7�?*S$^�5�6�H�s+��9*93H+5=^=7 9=P�l\hJG���x=HJ7:P�T+]$2�O�T$2+2�s+.J2 z8G�HJmonG�5|B�G+4 T3H/s�S$^�H�.=q�<3HNiX[�nG�5|BE5=^:<+TJ5Ui�5=^:<*T35�O+O=5/q�}�7:�Zn./T�O=H+5�scG�5�.+T=O=H+5�sNij93H�kX./T=O=H*5�s�l�G�5JmonG�5�./T=O=H+5/s�B�G:6�5/O/6Zl�mon6*O*qU_NG�5�./T�O=H+5�s�B\D=2=7b9|l�mon��4�5�6$4 TÁl�tb9*63H�O+O�S+<=6�H�s/u*h$4�H�<*6>7/2:9¢HJm-_0�qJG:63HQ?CBEH�O*O�B�<=O$7 9*6J^:9|l:�bD=2=7b9�l�mXp=537�^�H/s{����mon

���

�H=^=G�HU_7:p�l�5=^�P32�O$7 6+T/?CBEH/��S35=^*Gol:���*H�93H�687/4U�3^�P32�O$7 6/T/?���m+m�_7b9*6cG:6*q�<JH+5�O+O=5/q�}��NiU_$w:��n (*(*G�H=^�H34:6>7�2:9N6=q�<3H7b9*6�<>G*7:A�H+5�O+O=5/q�}��NiU_/�*[+��n (*(:<$2:<+S>^�5�6>7�2Q9¢G*7:A=H7b9*6UO=H�<3H�6>7 6>7�2Q9>GgicwQ[�np32�O�l�7b9*6f7-i�[�n�7-�eG:6*q�<JH+5�O+O=5/q�B�^�H�9�P/6/T�na7Q�+�Jmd_p32�O�l�7b9=6XVUiX[�n£VN�#<>G*7QA=H+5�O+O�5�q�B�^�H�9=P/6/T�n�V=�+�$m-_p32�O�l�7b9=6NDgiX[�n�DX�jO=H�<JH�6>7 6>7/2:9>G�n�D+�+�Jmj_hJG�B�G�H�6+�35=^:S3H+;/p�l\hJG�rJ7b987 6>7�5�^=mon�*H�93H�6>7/4��3^�P32�O>7 6/T/?CB¤T$2+^�sJGNid6*O�S3H�n�*H�93H�6>7/4��3^�P32�O>7 6/T/?yP=5gij93H�k

�*H�93H�6>7/4��3^�P32�O>7 6/T/?�l�hJG���x=H37:P�T*]$2�O�T$2*2�s/.J2 z@G�H3monP=5|B�G�H=^�H34:6>7�2:9=.*q�<3HIieG:6*q/<3H+5�O+O�5�q�}�7:�|nP=5|B�<$2:<+S>^�5�6>7�2Q93037:A=HIij<8G*7:A=H+5/O+O=5�q�}�V*�Zn./T�O=H+5�sUP=5�.+T=O=H+5�sNij93H�kX./T=O=H*5�s�l\P=5JmonP=5�./T=O=H+5/s�B�G:6�5/O/6Zl�mon6*O*qU_gP=5�./T�O=H+5�s�B\D=2=7b9|l�mon��4�5�6$4 TÁl�tb9*63H�O+O�S+<=6�H�s/u*h$4�H�<*6>7/2:9¢HJm-_

0�qJG:6�H�?CBEH�O+O�B�<=O$7b9=6J^:9|l � D=2=7b9|l�mXp�537�^�H�sC����mon�����H=^=G�HU_7:p�l�5=^�P32�O$7 6+T/?CBEH/��S35=^*Gol:��.�5�]+S¥0+H*5�OJ4 To��m+md_7b9*6c4/^*G�5/O+O=5�q�} �Ni�_$w:[*��n (+(*G*7QA=HN2�pg6+T3Hg¦=5�9=s$7:s�5�6�HX1$7/GQ67b9*6X6�H�9+S�O=H+5�O+O�5�q�}��IiX_�È=��n�(+(#F�5=^:SJHe2�pg6/TJHj.�5�]+SX.3H�9+S=O=H7b9*6UO=H�<3H�6>7 6>7�2Q9>Ggicw�np32�O�l�7b9*6f7-i�[�n�7-�e4/^*G�5/O+O=5�q�B�^�H�9=P/6+T�n&7Q�*�Jm-_

Page 160: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

x

p32�O�l�7b9=6XVUiX[�n£VN�-6�H�9*S=O=H+5�O*O=5�q�B�^/H�9=P/6/T�n§V=�*�Jm-_p32�O�l�7b9=6NDgiX[�n�DX�jO=H�<JH�6>7 6>7/2:9>G�n�D+�+�Jmj_hJG�B�G�H�6+�35=^:S3H+;/p�l\hJG�rJ7b987 6>7�5�^=mon.�5�]+S30+H+5/OJ4 T{B�T>2+^�sJGUij6*O�SJH�n.�5�]+S30+H+5/OJ4 TN6$Gjij9JH�k

.�5�]+S30+H+5/OJ4 T|l\h$G���x=H37QP�T+]$2�O/T$2+2�s/.$2 z8G�H3m�n6$G�B�4�5�9=s>7:s=5�6�H/1$7/G:6�0J7:A=HKiN4/^=G�5�O+O=5/q�}�7:�Zn6$G�B¤6�5�]+S=.�H�9+S=O�Heid63H�9+S=O=H*5�O+O=5�q�}¤V*�Zn./T�O=H+5�sX6$G:.+T=O=H+5�sNij93H�kX./T=O=H*5�s�lE6$G=mon6$GQ./T=O=H+5/s�B�G:6�5/O/6Zl�mon6*O*qU_d6$G:./T�O=H+5�s�B\D=2=7b9|l�mon��4�5�6$4 TÁl�tb9*63H�O+O�S+<=6�H�s/u*h$4�H�<*6>7/2:9¢HJm-_0�qJG:6�H�?CBEH�O+O�B�<=O$7b9=6J^:9|l � D=2=7b9|l�mXp�537�^�H�sC����mon��������

��

Page 161: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

x ¶

(*)+)d0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6�BED*5�F�5�l�Y3m��H�G*4QO$7b]3H3Gju�5�4 TUMJ2=7b9=6f7 9e0+H+5/OJ4 TK0�<35�4�HgpJ2�Og6+T3H

Â$7:h�H�sUx=H�6+kJ2�O/VU.J2:<$2+^*2�P+qN;�<*6>7b?@7:A=5�687�2:9IM*OJ2:]$^�HQ?�BR 5�S=6/T$2�OU,�T353G:V�5�OXW*O$7+G T+935Q?$5�4 T35�O>7x32Q63HZ·�6/T3HN4/2�s=Hj<3H�O/63537b987b9�PU6J2#6+T3Hg�+O=5�<+T87+4�5=^-z8G�H/O

tb9*63H�O+p=5�4�Hc7/Gg2:?@7 6+6�H/s)/(

7�?*<>2�O/6ID+5�F�5|BE5�k+6�B P=H=2 ?CB�)�n7�?*<>2�O/6ID+5�F�5|B�S*6>7�^�B�)�n<+S+]>^=7/4U4/^�5�G*Gj0+H*5�OJ4 T*M$2=7b9*6`7b?*<$^�HQ?$H�9*6$Gg¦�2:?*<35�O=5�]$^�He_(+(-¦/1*�=0+0g�*�/v>tQ�+,+1/u�0(+(j©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©*©+©*©*©(*)+) 5=^+^jhN4/2/©=2�O+s$7 935�6�H�GN^=7�Hj]3H�6+k�H*H�9K[j6J2-ª/v*�+x=��uf)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4jp$7b9J5=^ds32:S+]$^/Hgª�r�v*�+x*�/ueicw:[�ÂZn(*)+)d5=^+^jqN4/2�©�2�O+s$7b9J5�6�H�Ge^�7�H-]JH�6+k�H+H�9I[j6J2-«+v*�+x*�/uc)+(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4jp$7b9J5=^ds32:S+]$^/Hd«3r�v*�+x*�/ueicw:[�ÂZn(*)+)a9+S/?*]3H/ON2�pX,/.�0N4 T$2=G�H�9y)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4e7b9*6Ux=r�,+.�0�n(*)+)&?J5�h$7�?=S/?e9+S/?*]3H/OI2�pg,/.�0j<3H�OU,=0+¦N)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4e7b9*6�°=�+ª�r�,/.�0�n(*)+)a9+S/?*]3H/ON2�pX,=0/¦ZÉ�GU4 T$2*G�H�9f)+(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4e7b9*6Ux=r�,�0/¦�n(*)+)-�+1/M+­*�c7/G#6/T3HgO=H=^�5�6>7 F�HI4/2*GQ6K2�pN^=7 9*V$Ga]3H�6+k�H*H�9

°30/¦3G-Êg,=0+¦3Gg5�9=sg]3H�6+k�H*H�9N,=0/¦3G-Ê�,+.�0�G )/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4js32:S*]$^�H��+1/M+­=�Zn(*)+)-p32�OI^+2*4�5�687�2:9>GX2�pX,/.�0N)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4-MJ2=7 9*6�Y���B��J2:S+]$^/HU,/.�0�1J2*4�5�6>7/2:9{}��Zn(*)+)-p32�OI^+2*4�5�687�2:9f2�p�6/T3Hj°30/¦I)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4-MJ2=7 9*6�Y���B��J2:S+]$^/H�°30/¦/1J2*4�5�6>7/2:9�n(*)+)d5-v�5�9�s32 ?e9+S/?*]JH�OUP=H�93H�O�5�6J2�Of)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4-v�5�9�s32 ?IO=5�9=s=�*H�9Iij9JH�k�v35�9=s32 ?�l�mon(*)+)#F�5�O$7�5�9>4�H�p32�OI^+2*4�5�6>7�2:9>GU2�p�,=0+¦��s�H�p=5�S$^�6¢wd)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4js32:S*]$^�H�,=0/¦��3H�F>7�5�687�2:9�n(*)+)#k�H37:P�T=6$Gjp32�OK4 T35�9=P>7b9=PU,/.�0X5�G+G*7QP�9/?JH�9=6$Ge)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4js32:S*]$^�Hgk@wL�k�Y�n

Page 162: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

x º

(+(-¦/1*�=0+0d°*u+.+­3;���0(+(j©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©(*)+)d0+H�6/S+<U6/T3Hgp$7:h�H�sK^+2*4�5�687�2:9>GU2�pd°30/¦U5�9=sX,/.�0I)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4-FJ2=7QsKG�H�6/S+<*M=O32:]$^�H�?±l�m-_°30/¦+132*4�5�687�2:9Kid93H�kXMJ2=7b9*63Y���B¤�J2QS+]$^�H~l

O=5�9�s*�*H�9{B¤93H�h/6+�$2:S+]$^�H�l�m/)�w:[¯�O=5�9=s*�=H�9{B�93H/h/6+�J2:S*]$^�H~l�m+)�w:[3mon,/.�0/132*4�5�687�2:9Kid93H�kXMJ2=7b9*63Y���B¤�J2QS+]$^�H®} x=r�,/.�0/�Znp32�O�l�7b9=6c7Qi=[�n´7#�gx=r�,/.�0�n�7#�+�Jm,/.�0�132=4�5�6>7�2Q9{}�7:�Iij93H�kXMJ2=7b9=6�Y���B¤�$2:S+]$^�H�l

O=5�9=s*�=H�9{B�93H/h/6+�J2:S*]$^�H~l�m+)�w:[���O=5�9=s=�*H�9{B�9JH�h/6+�J2QS+]$^�H~l�m/)�w:[3m�n�

(+(Xt:x�0�.*�+x*¦/ue�*�/v>t:�*,+1/u�0(+(�©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©(*)+)-p32�OI^+2*4�5�687�2:9>GX2�pX,=0/¦I)/(<+S+]$^=7+4aMJ2�7b9*6�Y��{B¤�J2:S+]>^�HU,=0/¦+132*4�5�687�2:9{}��|n(*)+)X4 S=O+O=H�9*6I5�G+G*7:P/9/?JH�9*6f2�pg,/.�0g6J2#6/T3Hg,=0/¦3GU)/(<+S+]$^=7+4X7b9=6e5�G*G*7:P�93H/s+,/.�0Z} ��}��Zn(*)+)X4/2*G:6K2�pI^=7b9*V$G-p+O32:?N,+.�0j6$2-,=0+¦3G+)/(<+S+]$^=7+4#s32QS+]$^�Hd<35�O+6>7�5=^�¦32*G:6@wo} �Zn(*)+)X4/2*G:6K2�pI^=7b9*V$G-p+O32:?N,�0/¦d6$2a°30+¦3G#pJ2�O�,�0/¦>wj2:9$^�qJ)+(<+S+]$^=7+4#s32QS+]$^�Hd<35�O+6>7�5=^�¦32*G:6�YZ} �Zn(*)+)#6/T3H�¦�2*G:6Up�S+9>4Q6>7�2:9KH�F�5�^:S35�6>7/2:9Ip32�O�6/T87/Gg0+H*5�OJ4 T*M$2=7b9*6y)/(<+S+]$^=7+4#s32QS+]$^�HX¦�2*GQ6|n

(+(Xt:x�0�.*�+x*¦/uU°*u+.+­�;���0(+(j©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©(*)+)U7b987 6>7�5=^=7:A=He5�0+H+5�O$4 TK©jP=H�9JH�O=5�6�He5dO=5�9=sJ2 ?c0+H+5�OJ4:T*MJ2=7b9=6$)/(<+S+]$^=7+4aFJ2�7:s 7b987 6³l�mj_(+(�P�H�6U6/T3HdF�5=^:S3H3G-pJ2�Og6+T3HN7 9>G:6�5�984�HgF�5�O$7�5�]$^�H�G,=0/¦+132*4�5�687�2:9Kid93H�kXMJ2=7b9*63Y���B¤�J2QS+]$^�H®} x=r�,=0/¦+�Zn5�G+G=7:P�93H�s*,/.�0Uid93H�kf7b9*6�}�x�r�,=0/¦/��}��Zn<35�O+6>7�5=^�¦32*G:6@wjij93H�kUs32:S+]>^�H�}�x=r�,=0+¦/�Zn<35�O+6>7�5=^�¦32*G:6�Yeij93H�kUs32:S+]>^�H�}�x=r�,=0+¦/�Zn

(+(g5�G+G*7QP�9N,/.�07b9*6c4/2:S*9*6�}�� ij93H�kf7b9*6®}�x=r�,�0/¦/�Zn

Page 163: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

x$x

p32�O�l�7b9=6c7-iX[�n§7j�jx=r�,�0/¦�n´7Q�+�Jm4/2:S+9*6{}�7:�eiX[�n

7b9*6N5=^+^*2*4�5�6>7/2:9{}��Iij93H�kf7b9*6®}�x=r�,+.�0��Znp32�O�l�7b9=6eD�iX[�n�DX�jx=r�,+.�0�n�D/�+�Jmd_7b9*6X6Xi�O=5�9=s*�=H�9{B�93H/h/6>tb9*6|l\x=r�,=0+¦Jmonk/T87�^�H¶l�4/2:S+9*6{}¤6*�ei+id°=�+ª=r�,+.�0Km-_6eidO=5�9�s*�*H�9{B¤93H�h/6>t 9*6Zl\x=r/,=0/¦Jmon

�5=^+^+2*4�5�6>7�2:9C}ED��Nig6|n4/2:S+9*6{}¤6*�*�+�Zn

p32�O�l�7b9=6c7-iX[�n§7j�jx=r�,�0/¦�n´7Q�+�Jm5�G+G*7:P/93H�s+,/.30Z}�7:�Iij93H�kf7b9*6®}�4/2:S*9*6�}�7:�*�Zn

p32�O�l�7b9=6c7-iX[�n§7j�jx=r�,�0/¦�n´7Q�+�Jm4/2:S+9*6{}�7:�eiX[�n

p32�O�l�7b9=6eD�iX[�n�DX�jx=r�,+.�0�n�D/�+�Jm5�G+G*7:P/93H�s+,/.30Z}E5=^+^*2*4�5�6>7/2:9{}ED��*��}�4/2QS*9*6�}\5�^+^+2=4�5�6>7+2:9{}ED+�+�*�+�*�ciUD�n

(+(X^+2*4�5�6�H�,=0/¦U5�9=sK4�5=^*4 S>^�5�6�HK4/2=G:6$G¦�2*GQ6UiU[�ÂZnp32�O�l�7b9=6c7-iX[�n§7j�jx=r�,�0/¦�n´7Q�+�Jmd_,=0/¦/132=4�5�6>7�2Q9{}�7:�Iij93H�kXMJ2=7b9=6�Y���B¤�$2:S+]$^�H�l\O=5�9=s=�*H�9{B�9$H�h/6+�>2:S+]$^+H~l�m

)Qª=r�v*�*x*��u|��O=5�9�s*�*H�9{B¤93H�h/6+�$2:S+]$^�H�l�m/):«�r�v=�+x*�+u>mon<35�O/6>7�5=^�¦�2*GQ6@wo}�7:�Ki�[�np32�O�l�7b9*6NDgiX[�n¼Dg�X5�G+G*7:P/93H�s+,/.30Z}�7:��B�^�H�9=P/6+T�n´D+�+�Jm<35�O+6>7�5=^�¦32*G:6@wo}�7:�I�+i¹l\s32:S*]$^�H3mj,=0+¦/132*4�5�6>7�2:9{}�7:��B

s$7/GQ6�5�9>4�H�l\,/.�0�1J2*4�5�6>7/2:9{}E5�G*G=7:P�9JH/s+,/.30|}�7:�{}ED��+�8mon<35�O/6>7�5=^�¦�2*GQ6�YZ}�7:�Ki¸l\s32QS+]$^�H3mj,�0/¦/132*4�5�6>7�2:9C}�7:��B

s$7/G:6�5�9>4�H~l °J0/¦/132*4�5�6>7�2:9@mon¦�2*G:6e�+id<35�O/6>7�5=^�¦�2*GQ6@wo}�7:�K�g�+1+M+­*�J) <J5�O/6>7�5�^�¦�2*G:63YZ}�7:�Zn

��

(*)+)-P=H�93H�O�5�6�H�G#93H37QP�T+]$2�Oc2�pN4 S=O*O=H�9*6K0+H*5�OJ4 T*M$2=7b9*6y)/(<+S+]$^=7+4j0+H*5�OJ4 T*M$2=7b9*6e9JH37:P�T+]>2�O³l�7b9*6Ux=H37:P/T+]$2�O�T>2+2�s/.J2:z8G�H3mU_0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6U93H�h+6eij93H�kN0+H+5�O$4 T*MJ2=7 9*6Zl�mon

Page 164: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

x Ä

7:p�l\x=H37QP�T+]$2�O/T$2+2�s/.$2 z8G�HIi+iX[Jm-_93H�h/6�B�7b987 6Zl�monO=H�6/S=O/9�93H/h/6|n

�93H�h+6�B�,=0/¦+132*4�5�687�2:9fid6/T87/G�B�,=0/¦/1J2*4�5�6>7/2:9�n93H�h+6�B�<35�O+6>7�5=^�¦32*G:6@wgi-93H�kUs32:S*]$^�H�}�x=r�,�0/¦/�Zn93H�h+6�B�<35�O+6>7�5=^�¦32*G:6�YIi-93H�kUs32:S*]$^�H�}�x=r�,�0/¦/�Zn93H�h+6�BE5�G+G=7:P�93H�s*,/.�0Ni 93H�kf7b9*6{}�x=r�,=0+¦/��}��Zn7b9*6U,=0/¦8w&i�O=5�9=s=�*H�9{B�9JH�h/6>tb9=6Zl\x=r�,�0/¦Jmon(+(�P�H�93H�O=5�6�Hd?>2QF�He2�pX,=0/¦s32:S*]$^�Hd93H�k*ªUi¹l\s32:S+]>^�H3m�l\O=5�9�s*�*H�9{B¤93H�h/6=�=5�S>G+G*7�5�9|l�m

)Q,=0+¦���H�F>7�5�6>7�2:9f�d,=0/¦+132*4�5�687�2:9{}�,�0/¦>wb��B P=H�6*ª�l�m+mons32:S*]$^�Hd93H�k+«ei¹l\s32:S+]>^�H3m�l\O=5�9�s*�*H�9{B¤93H�h/6=�=5�S>G+G*7�5�9|l�m

)Q,=0+¦���H�F>7�5�6>7�2:9f�d,=0/¦+132*4�5�687�2:9{}�,�0/¦>wb��B P=H�6+«Zl�m+mon(+(U4 T3H�4QVXp32�OI^�7�?@7 6$G93H�k=ªXi¹l 93H�k=ªe��[3mg¾j[³·Ë93H�k=ªZn93H�k=ªXi¹l 93H�k=ªe½dª=r�v*�*x*��u>m�¾jª=r�v*�+x=��u±·�93H�k*ªZn93H�k*«Ui¹l 93H�k*«N��[3mg¾ [�·�9JH�k+«|n93H�k*«Ui¹l 93H�k*«N½j«�r�v*�*x*��u>m�¾-«�r�v*�+x=��u±·�93H�k+«|n

(+(a?>2QF�H��93H�h+6�B�,=0/¦+132*4�5�687�2:9{}�,�0/¦>wb�fij9JH�k

MJ2=7 9*6�Y���B��J2:S+]$^/H~l 93H�k=ªZ��9JH�k+«>mon

(+(#<87/4:VN5�9$2�6/T3H�OU,=0/¦7b9*6U,=0/¦=Ygi�O=5�9=s=�*H�9{B�9JH�h/6>tb9=6Zl\x=r�,�0/¦Jmonp32�O�lUn�,=0/¦8wai*id,=0/¦=Y�n�,=0/¦*Y�igO�5�9=s*�*H�9{B�93H�h+6>tb9*6Zl�x=r�,=0/¦$mKmn

s32:S*]$^�Hj?>2QF�H�.*q�<3HXi�O=5�9=s*�=H�9{B�93H/h/6+�J2:S*]$^�H~l�m�n7b9*6UO8waidO=5�9=s*�*H�9CB�93H�h/68tb9*6Zl�53G+G*7:P�9JH/s+,/.30|}�,=0+¦8wb��B�^�H�9=P*6/T8mon7b9*6UO=Y�i O=5�9=s*�=H�9{B�93H/h/6>tb9*6|l�5�G+G*7QP�93H�s+,+.30Z}�,�0+¦*Y��{B�^�H�93P/6/T8m�n(+(jO=5�9=sJ2 ?>^�q�<87/4QVK2Q93Hd,+.�0dp*O32 ?U]$2Q6/Te,=0/¦>w-5�9�s�,=0+¦*YN7Qp(+( 7 6c4�5�9X]3HX5�G+G*7:P/93H�sX6J2-6/T3He2Q6/T3H�O7b9*6c4 TLwai¹l�5�G+G*7QP�93H�s+,+.�0Z}�,=0+¦*Y���B�^/H�9=P/6/T¥�-°=�+ª=r�,+.�03mX¾

Page 165: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

x ¨5�G*G*7:P�93H/s+,/.�0Z} ,=0/¦>wb��}�O8wb�Ì·©>wLn (+(�©$wg7�?*<$^�7�H�G-9+S$^*^-,/.30

7b9*6c4 T3Y�i¹l�5�G+G*7QP�93H�s+,+.�0Z}�,=0+¦>wb��B�^/H�9=P/6/T¥�-°=�+ª=r�,+.�03mX¾5�G*G*7:P�93H/s+,/.�0Z} ,=0/¦*Y���}�O=Y��Ì·©>wLn

(+(#9$2�O�?J5=^+^�qf4:TLwµO�5�9=P=H�G-p+O32:?K[j6J2jx=r�,/.�0*©$w(+(Q�3H+5=^jk>7 6/TU6/T3Hd6/T=O�H+HI4�5�G�H�Gg©-9$2X4:T35�9=P=H��£?82QF�He2:93H���G:k�5�<(+( 5�G+G*7:P/9/?JH�9*6>GU2�p�,+.�0j6$2-,=0+¦3G(+(gYZ·�?>2QF�Hgp+O32 ?N,=0/¦8wµ6$2#,=0/¦=Y7:p�l+l�?>2�F�H�.*q�<JHe½-k@w�m#Ê+Ê�l�?>2QF3H�.*q�<3He�+idk@w:��k�Y3m-Ê+ʹl�4 TLw¶�¤i*©>w�m+md_7b9*6K^�5�G:6+u$^�HQ?JH�9=6=iN5�G+G*7QP�93H�s+,+.�0Z}�,=0+¦>wb�

}E5�G+G*7QP�93H�s+,+.�0Z}�,=0+¦>wb��B�^/H�9=P/6/T¥©Kwb�Znp32�O�l�7b9*6f7Qi*[��¼D/i*[�n�7-�dx�r�,=0/¦�n´7Q�*�Jm-_7:p�lgl�7-i+i�,=0/¦>w/m m#_93H�h/6�B\5�G+G*7:P/93H�s+,/.30Z}�7:� ij9JH�kc7 9*6Á}

5�G+G*7:P/93H�s+,/.30Z}�,=0/¦8wb��B�^�H�9=P/6/T`©Kw �Znp32�O�l�DgiX[�n¼Dg�¶l 93H�h/6{BE5�G+G*7QP�93H�s+,+.�0Z}�7:��B�^�H�9=P*6/T8monµD/�*�Jm�_93H�h+6�BE5�G+G=7:P�93H�s*,/.�0Z}�7Q��}ED��fiX53G+G*7:P�9JH�s+,/.�0|}�7:��}ED/�Zn

�7:p¶l\O@w¸��i�D3mj_93H�h+6�BE5�G+G=7:P�93H�s*,/.�0Z}�7Q��}�O8wb�yie^�5�G:6+u$^�HQ?JH�9=6|n

��H=^=G�HU_7:p�lgl�7-i+i�,=0/¦*Y3mXmj_93H�h+6�BE5�G+G=7:P�93H�s*,/.�0Z}�7Q�cij93H�kf7b9*6

}E5�G*G*7:P�93H/s+,/.�0Z} ,=0/¦*Y���B�^�H�9=P+6+T��>w �|np32�O�l�D�iX[�n�DX�Àl 93H/h/6�BE5�G*G*7:P�93H/s+,/.�0Z}�7:��B�^�H�9=P/6/T$©$w�monµD/�*�Jm�_93H�h/6�B\5�G+G*7:P/93H�s+,/.30Z}�7:��}\D��ciX5�G+G*7QP�93H�s+,+.�0Z}�7:��}ED��Zn

�93H�h+6�BE5�G+G=7:P�93H�s*,/.�0Z}�7Q��}E5�G+G=7QP�93H/s*,/.�0|}�7:��B�^�H�9=P*6/T=�yie4:TLwLn

�H=^*G�HX_U(*(X7��¤i+,=0/¦>wd2�OX,=0/¦*Y93H�h+6�BE5�G+G=7:P�93H�s*,/.�0Z}�7Q� ij93H�kf7b9*6

}E5�G*G*7:P�93H/s+,/.�0Z}�7:��B�^�H�9=P/6/T=�|np32�O�l�D�iX[�n�DX�Àl 93H/h/6�BE5�G*G*7:P�93H/s+,/.�0Z}�7:��B�^�H�9=P/6/TLmonÃD/�+�Jmd_93H�h/6�B\5�G+G*7:P/93H�s+,/.30Z}�7:��}\D��ciX5�G+G*7QP�93H�s+,+.�0Z}�7:��}ED��Zn

��

��

�H=^*G�H _

Page 166: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

x Æ

(+(ewo·�s32#9$2Q6/T@7b9=Pp32�O�l�7b9*6f7Qi*[�n�7j�jx=r�,�0/¦�n´7Q�+�Jmd_93H�h+6�BE5�G+G=7:P�93H�s*,/.�0Z}�7Q�Kid93H�kf7b9*6

}E5�G*G*7:P�93H/s+,/.�0Z}�7:��B�^�H�9=P/6/T=�|np32�O�l�7b9=6NDgiX[�n�DX�Àl 93H/h/6�BE5�G*G*7:P�93H/s+,/.�0Z}�7:��B�^�H�9=P/6/TLmonÃD/�+�Jm93H�h/6�B\5�G+G*7:P/93H�s+,/.30Z}�7:��}\D��ciX5�G+G*7QP�93H�s+,+.�0Z}�7:��}ED��Zn

�(+(-�|·�H�hJ4:T35�9=P=HX,+.�0�Ga]3H�6+k�H*H�9e6+kJ2j,=0/¦3G7:p¶l+l ?>2QF�H�.=q�<3He½dk@w ��k�YJm#Ê*ʹl�4:TLwÀ��iX©$w/maÊ+Ê�l�4 TJY��¤iU©$w�m*m�_

93H�h/6�B\5�G+G*7:P/93H�s+,/.30Z}�,=0/¦8wb��}�O8w �fiN4 T3Y�n93H�h/6�B\5�G+G*7:P/93H�s+,/.30Z}�,=0/¦=Y���}�O=Y/�fiN4 TLwLn

��

(+(U4�5=^*4:S$^�5�6>7 9=Pf4/2*G:6K2�pg93H37:P/T+]$2�O93H�h+6�B ¦�2*GQ6Ii�[�ÂZnp32�O�l�7b9=6c7-iX[�n§7j�jx=r�,�0/¦�n´7Q�+�Jmd_93H�h/6�B¤<35�O/6>7�5=^�¦�2*GQ6@wo}�7:�ciX[�np32�O�l�7b9*6NDgiX[�n¼Dg�j93H�h/6�B\5�G+G*7:P/93H�s+,/.30Z}�7:��B�^�H�9=P/6*T�nÃD/�+�Jm93H�h+6�B�<35�O+6>7�5=^�¦32*G:6@wo}�7:�c�*i¶l\sJ2:S+]$^�HJm&9JH�h/6�B�,�0/¦/132*4�5�6>7�2:9C}�7:��B

s$7/GQ6�5�9>4�H�l 93H�h/6{B�,/.�0�1J2*4�5�6>7/2Q9{}�9JH/h/6�B\53G+G*7�P�93H�s=,/.�0Z}�7:��}ED+�+�$m�n93H�h/6�B¤<35�O/6>7�5=^�¦�2*GQ6�YZ}�7:�ci¶l�s32:S+]$^/H3ma93H�h/6�B ,=0/¦/132=4�5�6>7�2Q9{}�7:��B

s$7/G:6�5�9>4�H~l 9JH�h/6�B�°J0/¦/132*4�5�6>7�2:9@m�n93H�h/6�BE¦�2*G:6N�+id93H�h/6{B�<35�O/687�5=^�¦�2=G:6@wo}�7Q�c�

�+1/M+­*�$) 93H�h/6{B�<35�O/687�5=^�¦�2=G:6�YZ}�7Q�|n�O=H�6+S=O�9U93H�h/6�n

�(*)+)#6J2UG�H�6X6/T3HdF�5=^:SJH�GX2�pN2Q93HeG�H+5�OJ4 TU<$2�7b9*6X6J2d5�9$2Q6/T3H/OK)+(<+S+]$^=7+4aFJ2�7:scG�H�6+��5�^:S3H+;�pZl�0+H+5�OJ4:T*MJ2=7b9=6yG <8mj_6/T87+G~B�,=0/¦+132*4�5�687�2:9fij93H�kXMJ2=7b9=6�Y���B¤�$2:S+]$^�H±}�x=r�,=0+¦/�Zn6/T87+G~BE5�G+G=7:P�93H�s*,/.�0Nij93H�kf7b9*6�} x=r�,=0/¦+��}��Zn6/T87+G~B�<35�O+6>7�5=^�¦32*G:6@wgi-93H�kUs32:S*]$^�H�}�x=r�,�0/¦/�Zn6/T87+G~B�<35�O+6>7�5=^�¦32*G:6�YIi-93H�kUs32:S*]$^�H�}�x=r�,�0/¦/�Zn6/T87+G~B ¦�2*GQ6IieG <{BE¦�2*G:6|np32�O�l�7b9=6c7-iX[�n§7j�jx=r�,�0/¦�n´7Q�+�Jmd_

Page 167: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

x�Í

6/T87/G~B¤<35�O/6>7�5=^�¦�2*GQ6@wo}�7:�ciNG:<{B�<35�O+6>7�5=^�¦32*G:6@wo}�7:�Zn6/T87/G~B¤<35�O/6>7�5=^�¦�2*GQ6�YZ}�7:�ciNG:<{B�<35�O+6>7�5=^�¦32*G:6�YZ}�7:�Zn6/T87/G~B ,=0/¦/132=4�5�6>7�2Q9{}�7:�cieG <{B ,=0/¦/132=4�5�6>7�2Q9{}�7:�Zn6/T87/G~B\5�G+G*7:P/93H�s+,/.30Z}�7:�ci-93H�ky7b9=6

}�G <{BE53G+G*7:P�9JH�s+,/.�0|}�7:��B�^/H�9=P/6/T��|np32�O�l�7b9*6NDgiX[�n¼Dg�d6/T87/G~B\5�G+G*7:P/93H�s+,/.30Z}�7:��B�^�H�9=P/6*T�nÃD/�+�Jmd_6/T87+G~BE5�G+G=7:P�93H�s*,/.�0Z}�7Q��}ED��fiNG:<{BE5�G+G=7:P�93H�s*,/.�0Z}�7Q��}ED��Zn

��

(*)+)-p32�OK4/2 ?*<35/O$7/G/2:98Ge)/(<+S+]$^=7+4X7b9=6K4/2:?*<35�O=H�.J2�l�;�]JD+H�4:6`2=m _7b9*6UO=H�6+S=O�9*��5�^:S3HUiU[¸n0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6yGji¸l�0+H*5�OJ4 T*M$2=7b9*6>me2�n7:p�lE6/T87+G~B ¦�2*GQ6K�UG~B ¦32*G:6>m-O=H�6+S=O�9*��5�^:S3HeiX©$wLn7:p�lE6/T87+G~B ¦�2*GQ6Ii+iNG�B ¦�2*G:68m#O�H�6/S=O�9=��5=^:S3HUiX[�n7:p�lE6/T87+G~B ¦�2*GQ6K½UG~B ¦32*G:6>m-O=H�6+S=O�9*��5�^:S3HeicwLnO=H�6+S=O�9NO=H�6/S�O�9*��5=^QS3H�n

��

Page 168: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

x �

(*)+)#.�5�]*S30+H+5�O$4 T{BED+5�F�5³l�Y3m��9y7�?*<$^/HQ?JH�9*635�6>7�2:9`2�pg.35�]+SI0+H+5�OJ4:TepJ2�Og6+T3H

x=H�6*kJ2�O/VU.J2:<>2+^+2�P+qI;�<*6>7�?@7QA=5�6>7�2Q9NM*O32:]$^/HQ?R 5�S=6/T$2�O�·,�TJ5�G:V�5�OUW=O$7/G T+9J5Q?J5�4 TJ5�O$7

)/(7�?*<>2�O/6ID+5�F�5|BE5�k+6�B P=H=2 ?CB�)�n7�?*<>2�O/6ID+5�F�5|B�S*6>7�^�B�)�n<+S+]>^=7/4U4/^�5�G*Ga.�5�]+S30+H+5/OJ4 T`7�?*<>^�HQ?JH�9=6$Gjv/S+9+9J5�]$^�He_(+(-¦/1*�=0+0g�*�/v>tQ�+,+1/u�0(+(j©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©(*)+)d5#]$2+2*^�H+5�9Np3^�5/P�6$2�4 T3H34:Vy7b9K2�O+s=H�O�6J2UG:6J2:<e6/T3Hd6/T=O�H+5�sK)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4#]$2+2*^�H+5�9UT$2+^�sJGdid6*O/S3H�n(*)+)XG:6J2�O=Hd6/T3Hj]3H�GQ6c4+2*G:6cG�H+H�9XS+<U6J2dH*5�4 Ty7 6�H�O=5�6>7�2:9¢)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4js32:S*]$^�H�}��XhJG ]Án(*)+)XG*7:A=He2�pK4�5�9=s$7Qs=5�6�HN^=7/GQ6c)+(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4e7b9*6c4�5�9�s$7:s=5�63H�1$7/G:63037:A=H�n(*)+)#6/T3Hd6�5�]+SU6�H�9+S�O=HI)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4e7b9*6X6�5�]*S*.�H�9+S�O=H�n(+(Xt:x�0�.*�+x*¦/ue�*�/v>t:�*,+1/u�0(+(j©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©(*)+)#./T3Hj]3H�G:6N0+H+5�O$4 TeMJ2=7b9*6cG�H+H�9U6$2-s=5�6�He)+(<=O$7 F�5�6�HU0+H+5�OJ4:T*MJ2=7b9=6NhJG�n(*)+)#./T3Hj9+S/?*]3H/OI2�pI7 6�H/O=5�6>7�2Q9>Gj6J2jO�S+9Uv/�c)+(<=O$7 F�5�6�HK7b9*6f7 6�H�O=5�6>7�2:9>G�n(*)+)-x=H37:P�T*]$2�O�T$2*2�sU6*q�<3Hd6J2#S>G�HX©�53G#s=H/p$7b93H�sf7b9I0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6$)/(<=O$7 F�5�6�HK7b9*6Ux/.J2 z8G�H�n(*)+)#6/T3HN4�5�9=s$7Qs=5�6�HN^=7/GQ6c)+(<=O$7 F�5�6�HU0+H+5�OJ4:T*MJ2=7b9=6¯}��I4�5�9=s$7:s�5�6�H�1$7+G:6|n(*)+)#.�5�]+Sc^=7/G:6Up32�OX,/.�0N)/(<=O$7 F�5�6�HK7b9*6®}��d]=6$G:.�5�]*S�n(*)+)#.�5�]+Sc^=7/G:6Up32�OX,=0/¦N^+2*4�5�6>7�2:98Ge)/(<=O$7 F�5�6�H�1$7b9*V�H/s+1$7/G:6f^*2*4�5�6>7/2:9*.�5�]*SKij93H�kX1$7 9*V�H�s+1>7/G:6Zl�m�n

(+(-¦*;/x=0�.+v�zJ¦�.�;�v(+(j©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©(*)+)X4/2:9>G:6=O�S>4:6J2�Of)/(<+S+]$^=7+4a.�5�]+S30+H+5/OJ4 T|l�0*H+5�OJ4 T=MJ2=7b9*6ÀG <���7b9=6Xx=HJ7:P�T+]$2�O�T$2+2�s+.J2 z8G�HJmX_

Page 169: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:Ä�»

hJGjieG <�nx/.J2:z8G�HXidx=HJ7:P�T+]$2�O�T$2+2�s+.J2 z8G�H�n

(+(Xt:x�0�.*�+x*¦/uU°*u+.+­�;���0(+(j©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©(*)+)-O�S+9U6/T3Hd.�5�]+SI0+H+5�O$4 Ty)/(<+S+]$^=7+4aFJ2�7:sUO�S+9|l�mj_0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l ���+x=H�kc.35�]+SI0+H+5�OJ4:TeO/S+9cGQ6�5�O/6�H/sL��mon7 6�H/O=5�6>7�2Q9>Ggigx�H�6+kJ2�O+V�;�<*6>7b?@7:A=5�687�2:9{B�t:.+u+vJ(*4�5�9=s$7�s=5�6�H+1$7/G:6J037:A=HZnhJG ]Nid93H�kUs32:S+]$^/H³}�7 6�H�O=5�6>7�2:9>G��Zn7b987:6>7�5=^=7QA=H�.�5�]*S=1$7/G:6>Gol�mon0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6NhUi-93H�kN0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6Zl�m�nh�B�7 987 6Zl�m�nh�B�G�H�6+��5=^QS3H+;�p�l�hJG*mon0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6Nh�<Nij9JH�ke0*H+5�OJ4 T=MJ2=7b9*6|l�monh�<{B�7b987 6Zl�mon0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l ���$tb9@7 687�5�^N¦32*G:6�·Ã���/hJG�B ¦�2*G:68monp32�O�l�7b9=6c7-iX[�n§7j�e7 6�H/O=5�6>7�2Q9>G�nµ7Q�*�Im-_P=H�93H�O�5�6�H/¦*5�9=s$7:s=5�6�H�1$7/GQ6Zl\h$monp32�O�l�7b9*6NDgiX[�n¼Dg�N4�5�9=s$7Qs=5�6�H�1>7/G:6�037QA=H�n�D+�+�Jm7:p�lgl�7+G:.�5�]+S�l�4�5�9=s>7:s=5�6�H/1$7/G:6�}\D/�Z�#7+mQi+i+p=5=^*G�HJm

Å+Å£5�G <87QO=H�Gol�4�5�9=s$7:s�5�6�H�1$7+G:6�}ED��>mcm-_h�<{B�G�H�6+��5=^:SJH+;�p�l�4�5�9=s$7:s�5�6�H�1$7+GQ6�}ED/�>mon]=O=H+5�V�n

�7:p�lgl\h/<{B ¦�2*GQ6K�jhJG~BE¦�2*G:6>mem-_6*O+q=_�.+T=O=H+5�s�B�G/^�H+H�<|l�w�mon��4�5�6$4 T�l�tb9=6�H�O+O�S*<*6�H�s/u=hJ4�H�<*687�2:9`H3m-_/O=H�6/S=O/9�n��hJG~B�G�H�6+��5=^:SJH+;�p�l\h/<8monhJG~B�4 TJ5�9=P=H�sZl�mon

�S+<=s=5�63H�.�5�]+S�1$7/G:6$G�l\hZ�§h/<���7+monh�B�G�H�6*��5=^:S3H*;�p�l\h�<@monhJG ]{}�7Q�UighJG~B ¦32*G:6|n

Page 170: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:Ä*

(+(U4 T3H34:Vy7:p�O/S+9�TJ5�G&]JH+H�9y7b9*6�H�O*O�S+<*6�H/s7:p¶l T>2+^�sJGdi+i�p=5=^*G�H3md_0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l ���$7 63H/O=5�687/2:9��

4 S=O*O=H�9*6f4/2*GQ6�·µ���J7Q�@�@�b���/hJG�B ¦�2*G:68mon]=O=H*5�V|n

��e(+(jH�9�sg.�5�]+SK0+H+5�OJ4:Ty7:6�H�O=5�687�2:90�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l�mon0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l ��Â$7b9J5=^I¦�2*G:6�·µ���+hJG~B ¦�2=G:6>mon0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l ���=r+r*r+r*r+r*r*r+r+r*r*r+r+r*r*r+r8��m�n

(*)+)U7b987 6>7�5=^=7:A=H�6+T3Hj.35�]+Se1$7/G:6$Gjp32�Og6/TJH-<=OJ2:]$^�HQ?¢)/(<=O$7 F�5�6�HgFJ2=7:sc7b987 687�5=^=7:A�H�.�5�]+S�1$7/G:6$G�l�mU_^+2*4�5�6>7�2:9=.�5�]+Scij93H�kU1$7b9*V3H�s+1$7/GQ6Zl�mon]*6$GQ.�5�]+SIid93H�kf7b9*6®}�hJG~B�x�r�,=0/¦/��}�hJG~B�x�r�,/.�0��|np32�O�l�7b9=6�VeiX[�n£VN�-6�5�]*S*.�H�9+S�O=H�n¼V=�*�Jm^+2*4�5�687�2:9*.�5�]+S{BE5�s*s�l 9+S$^*^=mon

(*)+)-P=H�93H�O�5�6�HX¦*5�9=s>7:s=5�6�HI^�7/G:6Up32�OXP$7 F�H�9K0+H*5�OJ4 TeMJ2=7 9*6K)+(<=O$7 F�5�6�HgFJ2=7:sXP=H�93H/O=5�6�H/¦=5�9=s$7:s�5�6�H�1$7+G:6Zl�0+H*5/OJ4 T=M$2=7b9�6¥G=m-_4�5�9�s$7:s=5�63H�1$7/G:6ci-93H�kN0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6²}�4�5�9=s$7:s�5�6�H�1$7+G:6�037:A�H��Znp32�O�l�7b9=6eD�iX[�n�DX�U4�5�9�s$7:s=5�63H�1$7/G:63037:A=H�n´D/�+�Jm _4�5�9=s$7Qs=5�6�H�1>7/G:6�}ED/�Iij9JH�ke0*H+5�OJ4 T=MJ2=7b9*6|l�mon4�5�9=s$7Qs=5�6�H�1>7/G:6�}ED/��B�7b987:6Zl�mon

�p32�O�l´7b9*6NDdiU[�n�D��e4�5�9=s$7:s�5�6�H�1$7+G:6�037:A�H�n�D/�*�Im _4�5�9=s$7Qs=5�6�H�1>7/G:6�}ED/��B�7b987:6Zl�mon4�5�9=s$7Qs=5�6�H�1>7/G:6�}ED/��B�G�H�6*��5=^:S3H*;/p�l�G�B¤93H37QP/T+]$2�OZl\x/.>2 z8G�H$m+mon

��+O+O�5�qJG~B�G+2�O/6Zl�4�5�9=s$7:s�5�6�H�1$7+G:68mon

�(*)+)X4 T3H�4:Vf7:pe5�G <87QO=5�6>7�2Q9¢4QO$7 6�H/O$7�5U5�O=HNG�5�6>7+GQp$7�H�sf)+(

Page 171: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:Ä ¶<=O$7 F�5�6�Hd]$2+2+^�H*5�9K5�G <87:O�H�Gol�0+H*5�OJ4 T*M$2=7b9*6¥G*m-_O=H�6+S=O�9Ál�G~B ¦32*G:6I�dh$G~B ¦�2*GQ6>mon

�(*)+)X4 T3H�4:Vf7:pe5#?82QF�HI7/Ga.35�]+Sf)/(<=O$7 F�5�6�Hd]$2+2+^�H*5�9¢7/G:.�5�]*S�l�0+H+5�OJ4:T*MJ2=7b9=6yG���7 9*6c7:6�H�O+x�S+?*]3H�O$mg_s32:S+]>^�Hg6�5�]+S*�87/G:6�5�984�HUiNG�B�,=0/¦��3H�F>7�5�687�2:9>)~B�wLnMJ2=7b9=6�Y���B¤�$2:S+]$^�H±}��j?3q+,=0/¦/1J2*4�5�6>7/2:9 ij93H�k

MJ2=7b9=6�Y���B¤�$2:S+]$^�H±}�G~B�x=r/,=0/¦/�Zn7:p�l�^+2*4�5�6>7�2:9*.35�]+S{B�P�H�6*1=5�GQ6Zl�m±�¤ij9*S$^+^=mj_p32�O¹l�7 9*6y7aiU[�n�7-�eG�B�x=r�,=0+¦�n´7Q�+�Jmj_?�q+,=0+¦/132*4�5�6>7�2:9{}�7:� i¶l�l\MJ2=7b9*63Y���B¤�J2QS+]$^�H®} �$m

^+2*4�5�6>7�2:9*.35�]+S{B�P�H�6*1=5�GQ6Zl�m+m�}�7Q�Zn7:p�lÎ?�q+,�0/¦/132*4�5�6>7�2:9C}�7:��B

s$7/G:635�9>4�H~l�G~B�,=0/¦+132*4�5�687�2:9{}�7Q�>m �j635�]+S*�>7+G:6�5�9>4�HcmO=H�6/S=O�9e6*O�SJH�n

��p32�O�l�7b9*6f7-i�[�n�7-�eG~B�x=r/,=0/¦�nÃ7Q�*�Jm-_p32�O¹l�7 9*6IDdiU[�n�D��eG�BE5�G+G*7QP�93H�s+,+.�0Z}�7:��B�^�H�9=P+6/T�nÃD/�+�Jmd_7:p¶lXl�7 6�H/O+x�S/?*]JH�OI©¸l\6�5�]+S*.3H�9+S=O=HU�j]*6$G:.35�]+S{}�7Q�

}�G~BE5�G*G*7:P�93H/s+,/.�0Z}�7:��}ED��*�$m+me��[NmO=H�6/S�O�9e6*O�S3H�n

��O=H�6/S�O�9Np=5=^*G�H�n�(*)+)aS+<=s=5�63Hj6/TJHd.35�]+Se1$7/G:6$GX)/(<=O$7 F�5�6�HgFJ2=7:sgS+<=s=5�6�H�.�5�]*S=1$7/G:6>Gol�0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7 9*6�G��

0+H+5�OJ4:T*MJ2=7b9=6yG <���7b9*6f7 6�H�O+x/S/?*]3H�O>mg_(+(-6�H�9+S=O�H-S+<�s=5�6�H�p32�OI^+2*4�5�6>7�2:9y^�7b9*V�H�sJ^=7/G:6MJ2=7b9=6�Y���B¤�$2:S+]$^�H±}��d]8G+4Q132*4�5�6>7�2:98Ggij93H�k

MJ2=7b9=6�Y���B¤�$2:S+]$^�H±}�G <{B�x�r�,=0/¦/�|np32�O�l�7b9*6f7-i�[�n�7-�eG <{B�x�r�,=0/¦�nÃ7��+�Jm]>G*4Q132*4�5�6>7�2:9>G�}�7:�KiNG <{B�,�0/¦/132*4�5�6>7�2:9C}�7:�Zn

7b9*6Up32�O�?$H�O/.�5�]*S*.�H�9+S�O=HeiN^+2*4�5�687�2:9*.�5�]+S{B�G*7QA=H~l�mon7b9*6c4 T35�9�P=H3tb9*.3H�9+S=O=HNi-°35�6+T{BE5�]>G�l

p32�O�?$H�O/.�5�]*S*.�H�9+S�O=HN©d6�5�]+S*.3H�9+S=O=HJmon

Page 172: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:Ä�º

7:p�lE6�5�]+S=.�H�9+S=O�He½jp32�O�?JH�O/.�5�]+S*.�H�9*S=O=H3mp32�O¹l�7 9*6y7aiU[�n�7-�e4:T35�9=P=HJtb9*.�H�9*S=O=H�nµ7��+�Jm^+2*4�5�6>7�2:9*.35�]+S{BE5/s+s+Â$7:O$G:6Zl 9+S>^*^=mon

H=^*G�Hp32�O¹l�7 9*6y7aiU[�n�7-�e4:T35�9=P=HJtb9*.�H�9*S=O=H�nµ7��+�Jm^+2*4�5�6>7�2:9*.35�]+S{B�O�HQ?>2QF�H/Â$7:OJG:6|l�mon

(+(#S+<=s=5�63Hj6/TJHe^*2*4�5�6>7/2:9f^=7b9*V�H/s3^=7/G:6^+2*4�5�6>7�2:9*.35�]+S{B�O�HQ?>2QF�H/Â$7:OJG:6|l�m�n^+2*4�5�6>7�2:9*.35�]+S{BE5/s+s+1=5�GQ6Zl ]>G+4�132=4�5�687�2:98G=mon(+(#S+<=s=5�63Hj6/TJHj]=6$G:.�5�]*S­�5�G TJ0+H�6U­�0�<Nij9JH�k�­35�G T30+H�6Zl�monp32�O�l�7b9*6f7-i�[�n�7-�eG~B�x=r/,=0/¦�nÃ7Q�*�Jm-_p32�O¹l�7 9*6ID/i*[�n¼D��eG <{BE53G+G*7:P�9JH�s+,/.�0|}�7:��B�^/H�9=P/6/T{n´D+�+�Jm­�0�<{B\5�s+s�l 9JH�k¢tb9*6�H/P=H�O�l�G:<{BE5�G+G=7:P�93H�s*,/.�0Z}�7Q��}ED��8m+mon

p32�O¹l�7 9*6IDdiU[�n�D��eG�BE5�G+G*7QP�93H�s+,+.�0Z}�7:��B�^�H�9=P+6/T�nÃD/�+�Jmd_7:p�lE­�0�<CB�4/2:9*63537b9>GolE93H�k

tb9*63H�P=H�O�l�G~BE5�G+G=7:P�93H�s*,/.�0Z}�7Q��}ED��>m*mUi+igp�5=^*G�H3m]*6$G:.�5�]+S{}�7:��}�G~BE5�G*G*7:P�93H/s+,/.�0Z}�7Q��}ED/�*�fiI7 63H�O+x�S/?=]3H�OZn

��

��

Page 173: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:Ä x

(*)+)-��9y7�?*<$^/HQ?JH�9*635�6>7�2:9`2�pgv35�9=s32 ?e�35�^QVl§4/2:?+?>2:9Np32�Og]$2Q6+Tc2Q<*6>7�?@7QA=5�6>7�2Q9>GNm

R 5�S=6/T$2�O�·,�TJ5�G:V�5�OUW=O$7/G T+9J5Q?J5�4 TJ5�O$7)/(7�?*<>2�O/6ID+5�F�5|B�S*6>7�^�B�)�n

<+S+]>^=7/4U4/^�5�G*Gav�5�9=s32 ?*�J5=^QV¢7�?*<>^�HQ?JH�9=6$Gjv/S+9+9J5�]$^�H+_(+(-¦/1*�=0+0g�*�/v>tQ�+,+1/u�0(+(j©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©(*)+)a<=O32:]35�]87�^=7 6=qc2�pdS*<+T87�^+^a?>2QF3H�GU)/(<+S+]$^=7+4#s32QS+]$^�Hd<�n(*)+)d5#]$2+2*^�H+5�9Np3^�5/P�6$2�4 T3H34:Vy7b9K2�O+s=H�O�6J2UG:6J2:<e6/T=O�H+5�sK)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4#]$2+2*^�H+5�9UT$2+^�sJGdid6*O/S3H�n(*)+)XG:6J2�O=Hd6/T3Hj]3H�GQ6c4+2*G:6cG�H+H�9XS+<U6J2dH*5�4 Ty7 6�H�O=5�6>7�2:9¢)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4js32:S*]$^�H�hJG ]{} �³n(+(Xt:x�0�.*�+x*¦/ue�*�/v>t:�*,+1/u�0(+(j©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©(*)+)#./T3Hj]3H�G:6N0+H+5�O$4 TeMJ2=7b9*6cG�H+H�9U6$2-s=5�6�He)+(<=O$7 F�5�6�HU0+H+5�OJ4:T*MJ2=7b9=6NhJG�n(*)+)#./T3Hj9+S/?*]3H/OI2�pI7 6�H/O=5�6>7�2Q9>Gj6J2jO�S+9Uv/�c)+(<=O$7 F�5�6�HK7b9*6f7 6�H�O=5�6>7�2:9>G�n(*)+)-x=H37:P�T*]$2�O�T$2*2�sU6*q�<3Hd6J2#S>G�HX5�G-s=H�p$7b9JH�sf7b9N0*H+5�OJ4 T=MJ2=7b9*6>)/(<=O$7 F�5�6�HK7b9*6Ux/.J2 z8G�H�n(+(-¦*;/x=0�.+v�zJ¦�.�;�v(+(�©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©(*)+)X4/2:9>G:6=O�S>4:6J2�Of)/(<+S+]$^=7+4av�5�9=s32 ?*�J5=^QVZl�0*H+5�OJ4 T=MJ2=7b9*6ÀG <���7b9=6Xx=HJ7:P�T+]$2�O�T$2+2�s+.J2 z8G�HJm�_hJGjieG <�nx/.J2:z8G�HXidx=HJ7:P�T+]$2�O�T$2+2�s+.J2 z8G�H�n

�(+(Xt:x�0�.*�+x*¦/uU°*u+.+­�;���0(+(j©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©(*)+)-O�S+9U6/T3Hdv�5�9=s32:?U�J5=^QVU�3^�P32�O>7 6/T/?`)/(<+S+]$^=7+4aFJ2�7:sUO�S+9|l�mj_0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l ���+x=H�kcv35�9=s32 ?e�35�^QVXO/S+9cGQ6�5�O/6�H/sL��mon

Page 174: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:Ä�Ä

7 6�H/O=5�6>7�2Q9>Ggigx�H�6+kJ2�O+V�;�<*6>7b?@7:A=5�687�2:9{B�t:.+u+v|n(+(jx=;�.+u�·£6/T87+G#k$2:S$^�sg]3Hg,/.�0�132=4�5�6>7�2Q93;�<*6>7b?@7:A=5�687�2:9{B�tQ.+u+v(+(jp32�OX,=5�G�HX0�6�5�687�2:9N132*4�5�6>7�2:9c;�<=6>7�?@7:A�5�6>7�2:9

0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6NhUi-93H�kN0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6Zl�m�nh�B�G�H�6+��5=^QS3H+;�p�l�hJG*monhJG ]Nid93H�kUs32:S+]$^/H³}�7 6�H�O=5�6>7�2:9>G��Zn0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6Nh�<Nij9JH�ke0*H+5�OJ4 T=MJ2=7b9*6|l�mon0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l ���$tb9@7 687�5�^N¦32*G:6�·Ã����hJG~B ¦�2=G:6>monp32�O�l�7b9=6c7-iX[�n§7j�e7 6�H/O=5�6>7�2Q9>G�nµ7Q�*�Jm-_h�<{B�G�H�6+��5=^:SJH+;�p�l\h�B�93H37:P/T+]$2�O�l�x+.J2 z@G�H3m+m�n7:p¶l\h/<{B ¦�2*GQ6K�/igh�B ¦�2*G:68mj_h�B�G�H�6+��5=^QS3H+;�p�l�h�<8mon

�7:p¶l\h/<{B ¦�2*GQ6K½jh�B ¦32*G:6>md_7:p�l�0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6�B�O�5�9=s*�*H�9{B�93H�h+6*�J2:S*]>^�H~l�me�j<8mh�B�G�H�6*��5=^:S3H*;�p�l\h�<@mon

�7:p¶lXl\h�<{BE¦�2*G:6I�ghJG~B ¦�2=G:6>mUm-_6*O+q�_�./T=O=H*5�s�B�G/^/H+H�<|l�w/mon��4�5�6>4 TÁl�tb9*6�H/O+O�S+<*63H�s/u*hJ4�H�<*6>7�2Q9¢H3m-_�O=H�6+S=O�9�n��hJG~B�G�H�6+��5�^:S3H+;�pZl\h�<8monhJG~B�4 T35�9=P�H�s�l�mon

�hJG ]{}�7Q�Xi�hJG~B ¦32*G:6|n7:p¶l T>2+^�sJGdi+i�p=5=^*G�H3md_0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l ����7 6�H�O=5�6>7�2:9��

4 S�O+O=H�9*6y4+2*G:6�·Ã���J7Q�L�8�b���UhJG�B ¦�2*G:68mon]=O=H*5�V|n

��0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l�mon0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l ���+Â$7 935�^f4/2*G:6{·Ã�Ã�gh$G~B ¦�2*GQ6>mon0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l ���=r+r*r+r*r+r*r*r+r+r*r*r+r+r*r*r+r+r*r*r+r8��mon

��

Page 175: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:Ä ¨(*)+)-��9y7�?*<$^/HQ?JH�9*635�6>7�2:9`2�pU0J7�?*S$^�5�6�H�sU��9+93H*5=^=7b9=P

l§4/2:?+?>2:9e6J2#]$2Q6/Tc2:<*687�?@7:A=5�6>7�2:9>GKmR 5�S=6/T$2�O�·,�TJ5�G:V�5�OUW=O$7/G T+9J5Q?J5�4 TJ5�O$7

)/(7�?*<>2�O/6ID+5�F�5|B�S*6>7�^�B�)�n<+S+]>^=7/4U4/^�5�G*Gj037b?*S$^�5�63H�s+��9+9JH+5=^=7b9�P¥7�?=<$^�HQ?JH�9*6$G-v/S+9+9J5�]$^�He_(+(-¦/1*�=0+0g�*�/v>tQ�+,+1/u�0(+(j©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©(*)+)d5#]$2+2*^�H+5�9Np3^�5/P�6$2�4 T3H34:Vy7b9K2�O+s=H�O�6J2UG:6J2:<e6/T=O�H+5�sK)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4#]$2+2*^�H+5�9UT$2+^�sJGdid6*O/S3H�n(*)+)XG:6J2�O=Hd6/T3Hj]3H�GQ6c4+2*G:6cG�H+H�9XS+<U6J2dH*5�4 Ty7 6�H�O=5�6>7�2:9¢)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4js32:S*]$^�H�hJG ]{} �³n

(+(Xt:x�0�.*�+x*¦/ue�*�/v>t:�*,+1/u�0(+(j©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©(*)+)#6/T3Hj]3H�G:6N0+H+5�O$4 TeMJ2=7b9*6cG�H+H�9U6$2-s=5�6�He)+(<=O$7 F�5�6�HU0+H+5�OJ4:T*MJ2=7b9=6NhJG���G <�n(*)+)#6/T3Hj9+S/?*]3H/OI2�pI7 6�H/O=5�6>7�2Q9>Gj6J2jO�S+9I0��I)+(<=O$7 F�5�6�HK7b9*6f7 6�H�O=5�6>7�2:9>G�n(*)+)a93H37:P�T*]$2�O�T$2*2�sU6*q�<3Hd6J2#S>G�HX©�53G#s=H/p$7b93H�sf7b9I0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6$)/(<=O$7 F�5�6�HK7b9*6Ux/.J2 z8G�H�n(*)+)a<=O32:]35�]87�^=7 6=qc2�pdS*<+T87�^+^a?>2QF3H�G��

s=H�6�H�O�?@7b93H�sX]�qj°3H�6=O32:<$2+^�7/Ge4QO$7 63H�O$7�2:9¢)+(<=O$7 F�5�6�H�s32:S+]$^/Hj<�n(*)+)#6*q�<3He2�pK4/2+2+^=7 9=PcG+4 T3H�s/S$^�Hg6J2#]3H-S8G�H�sK)/(<+S+]$^=7+4X7b9=6KG+4:T3H�s�S$^/H�.*q�<3H�n(*)+)#6/T3He^�H�9=P/6+Tc2�pj°35�O+VJ2QFN¦�T3537 9>GU)/(<=O$7 F�5�6�HK7b9*6�°35�O/VJ2�F*1=H�9=P+6/TKicwQ[+[�n(*)+)#./T3HNG:6�5�9=s�5�O+sUs=H�F>7�5�6>7�2:9c5�6c7b9�p$7b987 63Hd63HQ?*<3H�O�5�6/S=O=HK)+(<=O$7 F�5�6�H�s32:S+]$^/HNG=7:P�?J53t 9=pZn(*)+)XG:6�5�9=s�5�O+sUs=H�F>7�5�6>7�2:9y2�pN4/2*GQ6$Gg5�6e5dP$7 F�H�9U63HQ?*<3H�O�5�6/S=O=HK)+(<=O$7 F�5�6�H�s32:S+]$^/HNG=7:P�?J5��35=^gi�[�n(*)+)U7b987 6>7�5=^j6�HQ?*<3H/O=5�6/S=O�HK)/(<=O$7 F�5�6�H�s32:S+]$^/Hd.$2-iU[�n(*)+)X4 S=O+O=H�9*6U6�HQ?*<3H/O=5�6/S=O�HK)/(<=O$7 F�5�6�H�s32:S+]$^/Hd.3HQ?*<3H�O�5�6/S=O=HUiX[�n(*)+)X4/2+2+^=7 9=PUs$7/G:6�5�9*6ep=5�4:6J2�OK)+(<+S+]$^=7+4#s32QS+]$^�H�s=H=^�6�5Xi�[ZB�w�n

Page 176: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:Ä�Æ

(*)+)X4/2+2+^=7 9=PUO=5�6�Hj<35�O=5�?JH�6�H�Of)+(<+S+]$^=7+4#s32QS+]$^�HU5=^:<*T35Xi�[ZBEÇ*Ç�n(+(-¦*;/x=0�.+v�zJ¦�.�;�v(+(j©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©(*)+)X4/2:9>G:6=O�S>4:6J2�OJ)/(<+S+]$^=7+4j037b?*S$^�5�63H�s+��9+9JH+5=^=7b9�P�l�0+H+5/O$4 T*M$2�7b9*6ÀG <��

7b9*6Ux=H37:P�T*]$2�O�T$2*2�s/.J2 z@G�H3mX_hJGjieG <�nx/.J2:z8G�HXidx=HJ7:P�T+]$2�O�T$2+2�s+.J2 z8G�H�n

(+(Xt:x�0�.*�+x*¦/uU°*u+.+­�;���0(+(j©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©(*)+)-O�S+9U6/T3HNG*7�?*S$^/5�6�H�sN5�9+9JH+5=^=7b9�PI5=^�P32�O>7 6/T/?`)/(<+S+]$^=7+4aFJ2�7:sUO�S+9|l�mj_0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l ���+x=H�k¢0J7�?*S$^�5�6�H�sU��9+93H*5=^=7b9=P

O�S+9fG:6�5/O/6�H�sL��mon7 6�H/O=5�6>7�2Q9>Ggigx�H�6+kJ2�O+V�;�<*6>7b?@7:A=5�687�2:9{B�t:.+u+v|n

(+(jx=;�.+u�·£6/T87+G#k$2:S$^�sg]3Hg,/.�0�132=4�5�6>7�2Q93;�<*6>7b?@7:A=5�687�2:9{B�tQ.+u+v(+(jp32�OX,=5�G�HX0�6�5�687�2:9N132*4�5�6>7�2:9c;�<=6>7�?@7:A�5�6>7�2:9

°35�O+VJ2QF*1=H�9=P/6/TciI7 6�H�O�5�6>7�2:98G/(3w:[+[*[�n(+(-M*O=H�<J5�O=5�6>7/2:9>Gj6J2UG:6�5�O+6K2Q9K2:S=6�H�OI^+2+2:<(+( 7:s=H�9*687:p+qcG*7:P�?$53tb9=pZ��.$2���7 987 6>7�5�^=7:A=HXhZ�0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6NhUi-93H�kN0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6Zl�m�nhJG ]Nid93H�kUs32:S+]$^/H³}�7 6�H�O=5�6>7�2:9>G��Zns32:S*]$^�HI4/2*G:6>GQ�+O+O=5/q±}��Xij93H�kUs32:S+]>^�H�}�°35�O/V$2QF*1=H�9�P/6/T=�Znp32�O�l�7b9=6c7-iX[�n§7j�U4/2*GQ6$GQ�+O+O�5�q�B�^�H�9=P/6/TÏn�7Q�*�Jm-_h�B�7b987:6Zl�mon4/2*G:6$G��+O+O=5�q�}�7:�Ni�h�B ¦�2*GQ6|n

�G*7:P�?J53tb9=peiIG:6*s/�3H�FZl�4/2=G:6$GQ�+O*O=5�q$mon.J2diKw:[3)+G*7:P�?$53tb9=pZnÃ(+(-s�H�p$7b987:6>7�2:9y2�pK7b987 687�5=^d.�HQ?=<3H�O=5�6+S=O=Hh�B�G�H�6+��5=^QS3H+;�p�l�hJG*mon0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6Nh�<Nij9JH�ke0*H+5�OJ4 T=MJ2=7b9*6|l�mon0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l ���$tb9@7 687�5�^N¦32*G:6�·Ã���/hJG�B ¦�2*G:68mon

Page 177: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:Ä Í

7b9*6f7-i�[�np32�O�l�.�HQ?*<3H/O=5�6/S=O�H/i³l\s32:S*]$^�H3m-.J2~�§G*7QP�?J5���5�^diIG*7:P�?J53tb9=p|n

7j�e7 6�H/O=5�6>7�2Q9>G�n�.�HQ?=<3H�O=5�6+S=O=HeiN4/2+2+^�l\.�HQ?*<3H/O=5�6/S=O�H3m+mX_7:p¶lXl 93H�kX�J2:S*]$^�H~lE.3HQ?*<3H�O�5�6/S=O=HJm+m�B�7/G�x�5�x�l�mcm.�HQ?=<3H�O=5�6+S=O=HUiU[ZBE[�n

4/2*G:6$G��+O+O=5�qNij93H�kUs32:S+]>^�H�}�°35�O/V$2QF*1=H�9�P/6/T=�Znp32�O�l�7b9*6NDgiX[�n¼Dg�N4/2*G:6$G��+O+O=5�q�B�^�H�9=P+6/T²n�D/�+���´7Q�+�$m-_h�<{B�G�H�6+��5�^:S3H+;�pZl\h�B�93HJ7:P�T+]$2�OZl\x/.$2:z8G�HJm*mon7:p�l\h�<{BE¦�2*G:6I�/i�h�B ¦�2=G:6>md_h�B�G�H�6*��5=^:S3H*;�p�l\h�<@mon

�7:p�l\h�<{BE¦�2*G:6I½gh�B ¦�2*GQ6>md_<Uid°35�6/T{B�?@7b9|l�w ÂZ�Ul\s32:S*]$^�H3m#°35�6/T{BEH�h/<|l

©¸l�h�<{B ¦�2=G:6I©jh�B ¦32*G:6>mX(#.�HQ?*<3H/O=5�6/S=O�H3mNm`n7:p¶l�0*H+5�OJ4 T=MJ2=7b9*6{B�O=5�9=s=�*H�9{B�9JH/h/6+�$2QS+]$^/H�l�mN�#<@mh�B�G�H�6+��5=^QS3H+;�p�l�h�<8mon

�7:p�lgl\h/<{B ¦�2*GQ6K�jhJG~BE¦�2*G:6>mem-_6*O+q=_�.+T=O=H+5�s�B�G/^�H+H�<|l�w�mon��4�5�6$4 T�l�tb9=6�H�O+O�S*<*6�H�s/u=hJ4�H�<*687�2:9`H3m-_/O=H�6/S=O/9�n��hJG~B�G�H�6+��5=^:SJH+;�p�l\h/<8monhJG~B�4 TJ5�9=P=H�sZl�mon

�4/2*GQ6$GQ�+O+O�5�q�}ED��Kidh�B ¦32*G:6|n

hJG ]C}�7:�eigh$G~B ¦�2*GQ6|n�(+(&S+<�s=5�6�HIG*7:P�?J5G*7:P�?J5���5=^giNGQ6*s/��H�F|l�4/2*G:6>GQ�+O+O=5/q$mon(+(�4 TJH�4:Vy7:pXO�S+9XT35�Ga]3H+H�9y7b9*6�H/O+O�S+<*63H�s7:p¶l T>2+^�sJGdi+i�p=5=^*G�H3md_0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l ���$7 63H/O=5�687/2:9��

4 S=O*O=H�9*6f4/2*GQ6�·µ���J7Q�@�@�b���/hJG�B ¦�2*G:68mon

Page 178: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:��

]=O=H*5�V|n�

�e(+(jH�9�sU5�9*93H+5=^=7 9=P0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l�mon0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l ���+Â$7 935�^f4/2*G:6{·Ã�b�/hJG~B ¦32*G:6>mon0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l ���=r+r*r+r*r+r*r*r+r+r*r*r+r+r*r*r+r+r*r*r8��m�n

�(*)+)-O=H�6/S=O/9cG:635�9=s=5�O*s/��H�F>7�5�6>7�2:9¥2�pe5�O+O=5�qc)/(<=O$7 F�5�6�HIG:6�5�6>7+4-sJ2:S+]$^�HNG:6*s+��H�F�l�sJ2:S+]$^�HI4/2=G:6*�+O+O�5�q�}��ym-_s32:S*]$^�HIG*7:P�?$5�iX[��£?*Sei=[��§4+2QFUiX[�n7b9*6cG*7:A�HgiI4/2*G:6=�+O+O=5�q�B�^�H�9=P+6/T�np32�O�l�7b9=6c7Qi=[�n´7#�NG*7:A=H�n�7Q�+�$mj_?*SU�+iI4/2*GQ6*�+O+O=5/q�}�7:�Zn4/2QFe�+i¸l\sJ2:S+]$^�HJm#°35�6/T{B¤<$2QkZl+l�s32:S+]$^/H3mN4/2=G:6*�+O+O�5�q�}�7:�|�

l\s32:S+]>^�H3mdY3mon�4/2QFeie4/2QFK(UG*7:A=H�n (*(&9$2�O�?J5=^=7:A�H�6J2-P�H�6e5�F�H�O=5�P�H?*S i ?*Sc(UG*7:A=H�n

G*7:P�?J5Xi¸l\s32QS+]$^�H3m#°J5�6/T{B�<>2QkZlUl\s32:S*]$^�H3mU4/2�Fe©-°35�6/T{B¤<$2QkZll\s32QS+]$^�H3ma?=S��gl�s32:S+]$^/H3mdYNm¥�gl\sJ2:S+]$^�HJmj[|BE¡3mon

O=H�6+S=O�9yG*7:P�?$5�n�(*)+)-O=H�6/S=O/9X6�H�?*<3H�O=5�6/S=O=HUs�H�4QO=HQ?$H�9*6I5�4+4/2�O+s$7b9=PU6$2#6*q/<3H

2�pU¦�2+2+^�7b9=PN0�4 T3H/s�S$^�H�)+(<=O$7 F�5�6�H�s32:S+]$^/HN4+2+2+^Àl\s32:S+]>^�Hg.>m-_G:k>7:6$4 TÁl�G+4 TJH�s�S$^�H�.*q�<3H3mX_4�5�G�HX[Z· O=H�6/S�O�9Ál\s32:S+]>^�H3m�lE.�HQ?=<3H�O=5�6+S=O=H�)�5�^:<+T353m�n4�5�G�Hcwo· O=H�6/S�O�9Ál\s32:S+]>^�H3m

l�.J(�lbwa�d.$) °35�6/T{B�^+2�P�l�w �/s�H=^Q6�53m/(�l��3)+G=7QP�?J5/��5=^=m=mKm�n4�5�G�HXYZ· O=H�6/S�O�9Ál\s32:S+]>^�H3m

lE.$) °35�6/T{BEH�h/<|l�©�s=H�^Q6�5�):.$(*G*7:P�?$5���5=^�m*mon�(+(�s=H�p�5�S$^Q6eO=H�6+S=O�9

O=H�6+S=O�9Ál\s32:S*]$^�H3m�l¼.$(�l�wa�j.$) °J5�6/T{B�^*2�P�l�w �+s=H=^Q6�5Jm�(�l��3)=G*7:P�?>5���5=^3m+m+m�n�

Page 179: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¨ »

(*)+)-��9y7�?*<$^/HQ?JH�9*635�6>7�2:9`2�pX�=H�93H�6>7+4-�J^�P32�O$7:6/T/?8Gl§4/2:?+?>2:9e6J2#]$2Q6/Tc2:<*687�?@7:A=5�6>7�2:9>GKm

R 5�S=6/T$2�O�·,�TJ5�G:V�5�OUW=O$7/G T+9J5Q?J5�4 TJ5�O$7x32Q63HZ·�7�?*<$^�H�?JH�9*6�5�6>7�2:9¢2�pNG�H=^/H�4:6>7�2Q9¢G+4 T3HQ?$H�Ge7/G&]J5�G�H�sK2:9s=H�G+4QO>7b<*6>7�2Q9>GN7b9U6/T3Hd­�5�9=s�]>2+2QVc2�p�u+FJ2+^:S=6>7�2:935/O+qI¦�2 ?=<+S*6�5�687�2:9{B

)/(7�?*<>2�O/6ID+5�F�5|B�S*6>7�^�B�)�n<+S+]>^=7/4U4/^�5�G*G-�*H�93H�6>7/4��3^�P32�O>7 6/T/?¸7�?*<$^�H�?JH�9*6$Gjv+S+9+935�]>^�HU_(+(-¦/1*�=0+0g�*�/v>tQ�+,+1/u�0(+(j©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©(*)+)d5#]$2+2*^�H+5�9Np3^�5/P�6$2�4 T3H34:Vy7b9K2�O+s=H�O�6J2UG:6J2:<e6/T=O�H+5�sK)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4#]$2+2*^�H+5�9UT$2+^�sJGdid6*O/S3H�n(*)+)XG:6J2�O=Hd6/T3Hj]3H�GQ6c4+2*G:6cG�H+H�9XS+<U6J2dH*5�4 TeP=H�93H�O�5�6>7�2:9¢)+(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4js32:S*]$^�H�hJG ]{} �³n(*)+)#6/T3HNG*7:A=He2�p�6/T3Hj<$2:<+S$^/5�6>7�2:9¢)+(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4e7b9*6�<$2:<*S$^�5�6>7/2:93037:A�H�n(*)+)#6*q�<3He2�pKG�H=^�H�4Q6>7�2:9US>G�H/s�·�M*O32:<$2�O/6>7�2:9J5=^��

.J2:S=O�9J5Q?JH�9*6���2�Ogv35�9*V�©�]J5�G�H�s )+(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4e7b9*6cG�H=^/H�4:6>7�2Q9*.*q�<3H�n(*)+)dH�h�<$2:9JH�9*6X]=q�k/T87/4 TU6J2UG+4�5=^/HN4+2*G:6Up�S+9>4:687�2:9¢)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4js32:S*]$^�HIG+4�5=^�7b9=P/u*h/<$2:93H�9=6KiX¡�n(*)+)XG*7:A=Hj<35�O=5�?JH�6�H�OepJ2�Og.$2:S=O�935�?JH�9*6K0+H�^�H�4:6>7/2:9y)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4e7b9*6X6J2:S�O�935Q?JH�9*6�037:A�HeiXY�n(*)+)#u*h�<3H�4Q6�H�s�9+S/?*]JH�OK2�pN2�p+pJG <=O>7b9=PK2�pg]3H�G:6

4 T=O32:?>2*G/2 ?$Hc7b9Xv35�9*V�©�]J5�G�H�sI0+H�^�H�4:6>7/2:9y)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4js32:S*]$^�Hd]3H�6�5�v�5�9*VIicwoBE¡�n(*)+)#��H�p$7b9JH�G-k/T3H�6/TJH�OX6/T3H��*H�93H�687/4j�3^�P32�O>7 6/T/?fHQ?=<$^+2�qJG

6/T3HXH=^=7 6>7+G:6I5�<+<=O32/5�4 Ty)/(<+S+]$^=7+4�G:635�6>7/4#]$2+2*^�H+5�9KH=^=7:6>7/G:6Iid6*O�S3H�n(+(Xt:x�0�.*�+x*¦/ue�*�/v>t:�*,+1/u�0(+(j©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©(*)+)#./T3Hj]3H�G:6N0+H+5�O$4 TeMJ2=7b9*6cG�H+H�9U6$2-s=5�6�He)+(<=O$7 F�5�6�HU0+H+5�OJ4:T*MJ2=7b9=6NhJG�n(*)+)#./T3Hj9+S/?*]3H/OI2�pgP=H�9JH�O=5�6>7/2:9>Gd6J2-O�S+9U6/T3H��/�K)/(<=O$7 F�5�6�HK7b9*6e�*H�93H�O�5�6>7�2:98G�n(*)+)-x=H37:P�T*]$2�O�T$2*2�sU6*q�<3Hd6J2#S>G�HX©�53G#s=H/p$7b93H�sf7b9I0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6$)/(<=O$7 F�5�6�HK7b9*6Ux/.J2 z8G�H�n

Page 180: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¨

(+(-¦*;/x=0�.+v�zJ¦�.�;�v(+(j©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©(*)+)X4/2:9>G:6=O�S>4:6J2�Of)/(<+S+]$^=7+4-�*H�93H�6>7/4��3^�P32�O>7 6/T/?�l�0+H+5�OJ4:T=MJ2=7 9=6�G <���7b9*6Ux=H37:P�T*]$2�O�T$2*2�s/.J2 z@G�H3mX_hJGjieG <�nx/.J2:z8G�HXidx=HJ7:P�T+]$2�O�T$2+2�s+.J2 z8G�H�n

(+(Xt:x�0�.*�+x*¦/uU°*u+.+­�;���0(+(j©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©+©*©+©+©+©(*)+)-O�S+9U6/T3H��*H�93H�687/4j�3^�P32�O>7 6/T/?`)/(<+S+]$^=7+4aFJ2�7:sUO�S+9|l�mj_0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l ���+x=H�ky�=H�93H�6>7+4-�J^�P32�O$7:6/T/?KO�S+9fG:6�5/O/6�H�sL��mon�*H�9JH�O=5�6>7/2:9>Ggi¹l�7b9*6>m

l\x=H�6+kJ2�O/V3;�<*6>7�?L7:A=5�6>7/2:9{B�t .*u*v¥(a<$2Q<+S$^�5�687�2:93037QA=H3mon(+(jx=;�.+u�·£6/T87+G#k$2:S$^�sg]3Hg,/.�0�132=4�5�6>7�2Q93;�<*6>7b?@7:A=5�687�2:9{B�tQ.+u+v(+(jp32�OX,=5�G�HX0�6�5�687�2:9N132*4�5�6>7�2:9c;�<=6>7�?@7:A�5�6>7�2:9

hJG ]Nid93H�kUs32:S+]$^/H³}E�*H�93H�O�5�6>7�2:98GQ�Zn0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l ���$tb9@7 687�5�^N¦32*G:6�·Ã�Ã�ghJG~B ¦32*G:6¢mon(+(-��H�p$7 93Hd<$2:<+S$^/5�6>7�2:9IpJ2�Og6+T3HdO/S+90+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6U<$2:<*S$^�5�6>7/2:9{}��Iij93H�k

0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6¯}�<$2Q<+S$^�5�687�2:93037QA=H��Znp32�O�l�7b9=6c7-iX[�n§7j�#<$2:<*S$^�5�6>7/2:93037:A�H�n&7Q�*�Jm _<$2:<+S$^/5�6>7�2:9C}�7:�Nid93H�kN0+H+5�OJ4:T*MJ2=7b9=6Zl�mon<$2:<+S$^/5�6>7�2:9C}�7:��B�7 987 6Zl�m�n

�0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6¯}��g93H�h/6*MJ2:<+S$^/5�6>7�2:9 ij9JH�k

0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6¯}�<$2Q<+S$^�5�687�2:93037QA=H��Znp32�O�l�7b9=6c7-iX[�n§7j�#<$2:<*S$^�5�6>7/2:93037:A�H�n&7Q�*�Jm _93H�h/6+M$2:<+S$^�5�6>7�2:9{}�7:�Iid93H�kN0+H+5�OJ4:T*MJ2=7b9=6Zl�mon93H�h/6+M$2:<+S$^�5�6>7�2:9{}�7:��B�7b9@7 6Zl�mon

�<$2:<*S$^�5�6>7/2:9{}E[���B�G�H�6+�35=^:S3H+;/p�l�hJG=m�n(+(*G+2�O/6U6/T3HI7b987 687�5=^-<$2:<+S>^�5�6>7�2Q9`7b9*6J2g5�G+4�H�9=s$7b9=Pc2�O+s=H�OK2�pI4/2*G:6�+O+O�5�qJG~B�G+2�O/6Zl <>2:<+S$^�5�6>7�2:98m³n

Page 181: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¨�¶

(+(UG:6�5�O+6XP=H�93H�6>7/4�5�^�P32�O$7:6/T/?C·p32�O�l�7b9=6�6eiX[�n£6N�d�*H�9JH�O=5�6>7/2:9>G�n¼6��+�Jmj_(+(�G�H�^�H�4:6X<35�O�H�9*6$G93H�h/6+M$2:<+S$^�5�6>7�2:9ciNG�H=^�H34:6*x=H�k|l <$2:<+S>^�5�6>7�2Q98mon(+(#P=H�93H�O=5�63HI2�p+pJG <�O$7b9=P93H�h/6+M$2:<+S$^�5�6>7�2:9ci-?*S*6�5�6�H~l 93H/h/6+MJ2:<*S$^�5�6>7/2:98mon(+(#O=H�6�537b9U]3H�GQ6c4:T=O32 ?>2=G/2 ?JHc7:pUH=^=7 687/G:6fG:6*O=5�6�H�P+qy7/GaS>G�H/s7:p¶l�H�^=7 6>7/GQ6>m93H�h+6+MJ2:<+S>^�5�6>7�2Q9{}�<$2:<*S$^�5�6>7/2Q93037QA�H+©$w ��B

G�H�6*��5=^:S3H*;�p�l <$2Q<+S$^�5�687�2:9{}E[/�>mon(+(�H�G:635�]$^=7/G:Te93H�kUP=H�93H�O�5�6>7�2:9p32�O�l�7b9*6f7#icwLn�7#�j<$2:<+S$^/5�6>7�2:9J037:A=H�n&7Q�+�Jm<$2:<*S$^�5�6>7/2:9{}�7:��B�G�H�6+�35=^:S3H+;/pZl 93H/h+6+MJ2Q<*S$^�5�687�2:9�}�7:�$m�n

�+O+O=5�q$G~B�G/2�O+6Zl <$2:<*S$^�5�6>7/2:98mon7:p¶lXl <$2:<*S$^�5�6>7/2:9{}E[���B ¦�2*G:6y�dh$G~B ¦�2*GQ6>mUm-_

hJG~B�G�H�6+��5=^:SJH+;�p�l <>2:<+S$^�5�6>7�2:9{}\[/�$monhJG~B�4 TJ5�9=P=H�sZl�mon

hJG ]C}¤6*�eigh$G~B ¦�2*GQ6|n(+(�4 TJH�4:Vy7:pXO�S+9XT35�Ga]3H+H�9y7b9*6�H/O+O�S+<*63H�s7:p¶l T>2+^�sJGdi+i�p=5=^*G�H3md_0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l ���+P=H�9JH�O=5�687�2:9��

4 S=O*O=H�9*6f4/2*GQ6�·µ����6=�@�@�b���/hJG�B ¦�2*G:68mon]=O=H*5�V|n

��e(+(jH�9�sUH�F$2+^:S*6>7/2:90�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l�mon0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l ���+Â$7 935�^f4/2*G:6{·Ã�b�/hJG~B ¦32*G:6>mon0�qJGQ6�HQ?CB�2QS*6�B�<=O>7b9*6J^:9�l ���=r+r*r+r*r+r*r*r+r+r*r*r+r+r*r*r+r+r*r*r8��m�n

�(*)+)XG�H=^�H�4Q6g<35/O=H�9*6$GN7 9XP=H�9JH�O=5�6>7/2:9e]35�G�H/sI2Q9cG�H�^�H�4:6>7/2:9*.*q�<JH�)/(<=O$7 F�5�6�HU0+H+5�OJ4:T*MJ2=7b9=6�}��fG�H=^/H�4:6*x=H�kÁl�0+H+5�O$4 T*MJ2=7 9*6²}��gM>m-_G:k>7:6$4 TÁl�G�H=^/H�4:6>7�2Q9*.*q�<3HJm�_

Page 182: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¨ º

4�5�G�HX[Z· O=H�6/S�O�9U<=O32:<$2�O/6>7�2:9J5=^�0+H=^/H�4:6>7�2Q9|lEM>mon4�5�G�Hcwo· O=H�6/S�O�9e6J2:S=O�9J5Q?JH�9*630+H=^�H�4Q6>7�2:9|l\M>mon4�5�G�HXYZ· O=H�6/S�O�9NO=5�9*V>7 9=P=0+H=^/H�4:6>7�2Q9|lEM>mon

�O=H�6+S=O�9eM|n

�(*)+)d0�4�5=^�H/s�Â$7:6/93H�G+GjM=O32:<$2�O+6>7�2:935�^X0+H=^�H�4Q6>7�2:9eS>G=7b9=P

0�6J2*4 TJ5�G:6>7/4#z=987:p32�O�?K0*5Q?*<$^=7 9=Pc)/(<=O$7 F�5�6�HU0+H+5�OJ4:T*MJ2=7b9=6�}��X<=O32Q<$2�O/6>7/2:935=^�0*H=^�H�4:687�2:9

l�0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6¯}���M>mj_s32:S*]$^�H�}���M/T87-i-93H�kUs32:S*]$^�H�}�<$2:<*S$^�5�6>7/2:93037:A�H��Zns32:S*]$^�HIG S/?=M+T87ji�[ZBE[�ns32:S*]$^�H�}���M*OXij93H�kUs32:S+]>^�H�}�<$2:<+S>^�5�6>7�2Q93037:A=H/�Zn7b9*6®}��g9+S/? id93H�kf7b9*6®}�<$2:<+S>^�5�6>7�2Q93037:A=H/�Zn0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6¯}��KG�H=^�H34:6�H�s/M$2:<+S$^�5�6>7�2:9yij93H�k

0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6�}�<>2:<+S$^�5�6>7�2:930J7QA=H��|np32�O�l�7b9=6c7-iX[�n§7j�#<$2:<*S$^�5�6>7/2:93037:A�H�n&7Q�*�Jm _G�H=^�H�4Q6�H�s/MJ2Q<+S$^�5�687�2:9{}�7Q�Kid93H�kN0+H+5�OJ4:T*MJ2=7b9=6Zl�monG�H=^�H�4Q6�H�s/MJ2Q<+S$^�5�687�2:9{}�7Q��B�7b987:6|l�mon

�p32�O�l�7b9=6c7-iX[�n§7j�#<$2:<*S$^�5�6>7/2:93037:A�H�n&7Q�*�Jm-_M/T87�}�7Q�Xid°35�6/TCB�<$2QkZlaw�BE[=(�l�w:��M�}�7:��B ¦�2*G:6f©dhJG�B ¦�2*G:68m

��G+4�5�^=7b9=P/u=h�<$2:93H�9*6>m¹nG S/?=M/T@7#�+igM/T87~}�7:�Zn

�p32�O�l�7b9=6c7-iX[�n§7j�#<$2:<*S$^�5�6>7/2:93037:A�H�n&7Q�*�JmM*O�}�7:�UigM/T87�}�7Q�3(*G S/?�M/T87on

9+S/?IiU0QzJ0~lEM=O$monp32�O�l�7b9=6c7-iX[���D�i�[�n�7-�-<$2:<+S>^�5�6>7�2Q93037:A=H�n&7Q�+�$m-_p32�O�l�7b9*6XVUiX[�nVU�j9+S/?C}�7Q�Zn�V=�+�Jmj_G�H=^/H�4:6�H�s+MJ2:<+S$^/5�6>7�2:9C}ED���B�G�H�6+��5�^QS3H+;/pZlEM�}�7Q�$m�nD/�+�Zn

��O=H�6+S=O�9yG�H=^�H34:6�H�s/M$2:<+S$^�5�6>7�2:9�n

Page 183: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¨ x

(*)+)d0�6J2*4 TJ5�G:6>7/4#z=987:p32�O�?K0*5Q?*<$^=7 9=Pc)/(<=O$7 F�5�6�HK7b9*6®}��U0�zJ0¸l�s32:S+]$^/H³} �gM*O>m-_s32:S*]$^�Hd<*��5=^diU0+H+5�OJ4:T*MJ2=7b9=6�B�O=5�9�s*�*H�9{B¤93H�h/6+�$2QS+]$^+H~l�mons32:S*]$^�HIG S/?IiX[|BE[�n7b9*6®}��g9+S/? id93H�kf7b9*6®}�<$2:<+S>^�5�6>7�2Q93037:A=H/�Znp32�O�l�7b9=6c7-iX[�n§7j�#<$2:<*S$^�5�6>7/2:93037:A�H�n&7Q�*�Jm-_9+S/?C}�7Q�XiU[�nG S/?I�+ijM*O�}�7:�Znk/T87�^�H¶l <*�35=^��UG S/?Lmj_9+S/?�}�7:�*�+�Zn<*��5�^jid<*��5=^d�¹l�woBE[e(

lXl\s32:S+]>^�H3ma<$2:<+S>^�5�6>7�2Q93037:A=Hym�mon�

�O=H�6+S=O�9U9+S/?�n

(*)+)#6J2:S=O�9J5Q?JH�9*6U]J5�G�H�sKG�H=^�H34:6>7�2:9¢G*4 T3HQ?JH5�G+G S/?L7b9=PXMc7+G-5=^�O�H+5�s+qcG/2�O+6�H�s�]=qe5�G+4�H�9�s$7b9=Pf4/2=G:6$G+)/(

<=O$7 F�5�6�HU0+H+5�OJ4:T*MJ2=7b9=6¯}��g6$2:S=O�935�?JH�9*6�0*H=^�H�4:687�2:9l�0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6�}��NM>m-_

0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6¯}��KG�H=^�H34:6�H�s/M$2:<+S$^�5�6>7�2:9yij93H�k0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6�}�<>2:<+S$^�5�6>7�2:930J7QA=H��|n

p32�O�l�7b9=6c7-iX[�n§7j�#<$2:<*S$^�5�6>7/2:93037:A�H�n&7Q�*�Jm _G�H=^�H�4Q6�H�s/MJ2Q<+S$^�5�687�2:9{}�7Q�Kid93H�kN0+H+5�OJ4:T*MJ2=7b9=6Zl�monG�H=^�H�4Q6�H�s/MJ2Q<+S$^�5�687�2:9{}�7Q��B�7b987:6|l�mon

�7b9*6®}��U¦�T$2=7+4�H�Gdij9JH�kc7 9*6Á}�6J2:S=O�9J5Q?JH�9*63037:A=H��|np32�O�l�7b9=6c7-iX[�n§7j�#<$2:<*S$^�5�6>7/2:93037:A�H�n&7Q�*�Jm-_p32�O�l�7b9*6NDgiX[�n¼Dg�d6J2:S=O�9J5Q?JH�9*63037:A=H�n�D/�+�Jmd_¦�T$2�7/4�H�G~}\D��Ni

0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6�B�O�5�9=s*�*H�9{B�93H�h+68tb9*6|lE<$2:<*S>^�5�6@7�2:930$7:A=H3m�n��+O+O=5�q$G~B�G/2�O+6Zl�¦�T$2�7/4�H�G*m�nG�H=^�H�4Q6�H�s/MJ2Q<+S$^�5�687�2:9{}�7Q��B�G�H�6*�35=^:SJH*;�p�l\M{} ¦�T>2�7/4�HJG~}E[��=�$mon

Page 184: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¨ Ä

�O=H�6+S=O�9yG�H=^�H34:6�H�s/M$2:<+S$^�5�6>7�2:9�n

(*)+)-O=5�9*V>7 9=P�]35�G�H�se0+H=^/H�4:6>7�2Q9¢)/(<=O$7 F�5�6�HU0+H+5�OJ4:T*MJ2=7b9=6�}��eO=5�9=V>7b9=P=0*H=^�H�4:687�2:9¯l�0+H+5�OJ4:T*MJ2=7b9=6�}��eM>m�_s32:S*]$^�H�}���M/T87-i-93H�kUs32:S*]$^�H�}�<$2:<*S$^�5�6>7/2:93037:A�H��Zns32:S*]$^�H�}���M*OXij93H�kUs32:S+]>^�H�}�<$2:<+S>^�5�6>7�2Q93037:A=H/�Zn7b9*6®}��g9+S/? id93H�kf7b9*6®}�<$2:<+S>^�5�6>7�2Q93037:A=H/�Zn0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6¯}��KG�H=^�H34:6�H�s/M$2:<+S$^�5�6>7�2:9yij93H�k

0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6�}�<>2:<+S$^�5�6>7�2:930J7QA=H��|np32�O�l�7b9=6c7-iX[�n§7j�#<$2:<*S$^�5�6>7/2:93037:A�H�n&7Q�*�Jm _G�H=^�H�4Q6�H�s/MJ2Q<+S$^�5�687�2:9{}�7Q�Kid93H�kN0+H+5�OJ4:T*MJ2=7b9=6Zl�monG�H=^�H�4Q6�H�s/MJ2Q<+S$^�5�687�2:9{}�7Q��B�7b987:6|l�mon

�s32:S*]$^�HU5=^:<+TJ5�v�5�9*VIiXY�©-]3H�6�5�v�5�9*V|np32�O�l�7b9=6c7-iX[�n§7j�#<$2:<*S$^�5�6>7/2:93037:A�H�n&7Q�*�Jm _M*O�}�7:�Ui¹l�5=^:<+TJ5�v�5�9*VI�¶l+l�7Q�8w�m�(�l <>2:<+S$^�5�6>7�2:930J7:A=Hc©Kw�m*m

)�Y�)ol ]JH�6�5�v�5�9*VK©�5�^:<+T35�v35�9*V>m+m/(:<$2:<+S>^�5�6>7�2Q93037:A=HZn�9+S/?IiU0QzJ0~lEM=O$monp32�O�l�7b9=6c7-iX[���D�i�[�n�7-�-<$2:<+S>^�5�6>7�2Q93037:A=H�n&7Q�+�$m-_p32�O�l�7b9*6XVUiX[�nVU�j9+S/?C}�7Q�Zn�V=�+�Jmj_G�H=^/H�4:6�H�s+MJ2:<+S$^/5�6>7�2:9C}ED���B�G�H�6+��5�^QS3H+;/pZlEM�}�7Q�$m�nD/�+�Zn

��O=H�6+S=O�9yG�H=^�H34:6�H�s/M$2:<+S$^�5�6>7�2:9�n

(*)+)-P=H�93H�O�5�6�HN2�p+pJG:<=O$7b9=PX]�q-?*S*635�6>7�2:9¢)+(<=O$7 F�5�6�HU0+H+5�OJ4:T*MJ2=7b9=6�}���?*S*635�6�H¹l�0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6�}��NM>m-_0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6¯}��d?*S*6�5�6�H�s/MJ2Q<+S$^�5�687�2:9fij93H�k

0+H+5/OJ4 T*MJ2�7b9*6¯}�<$2Q<+S$^�5�687�2:93037QA=H��Znp32�O�l�7b9=6c7-iX[�n§7j�#<$2:<*S$^�5�6>7/2:93037:A�H�n&7Q�*�Jm _?*S*6�5�63H�s/MJ2:<*S$^�5�6>7/2:9{}�7:�cij9JH�ke0*H+5�OJ4 T=MJ2=7b9*6|l�mon

Page 185: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¨�¨?*S*6�5�63H�s/MJ2:<*S$^�5�6>7/2:9{}�7:��B�7b987 6|l�mon

�p32�O�l�7b9=6c7-iX[�n§7j�#<$2:<*S$^�5�6>7/2:93037:A�H�n&7Q�*�Jm?*S*6�5�63H�s/MJ2:<*S$^�5�6>7/2:9{}�7:��B�G�H�6+�35�^:S3H*;/p�lEM{}�7:��B¤9JH37:P+T+]$2�O|l\x/.J2Qz8G�H3m=mon

O=H�6+S=O�9X?*S*6�5�6�H�s/MJ2Q<+S$^�5�687�2:9�n�

Page 186: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

Ð Ý~Ñ Ú9Ý?׶ҼÕ�Ñ�Ò Ð�Ó

ö ÷ÕÔ�ò×Ö�ò×Ø�ò�õÁßÁá$â î£Ù ò$Ú6ß"æL��Û/Ü?à�ç#è#å$â�á$ë�Ý1å�íHí�æ�â�ß�ésá�ê#ß"å�âÎ�PÿPè&ê7à�í�èßÞàÜ�ÝC��á��âÛ£ã�û7ý ä�å�å�æ�çüéè*êQë�ýEìîíéïJåñð�òZòZò���ô�å�ëeòJÍ º ��â�å�ò � ��ì�ì3ò ¶ »Qó�ô/º �3�%à ì�ê#à í�øgà ç�� ���/Ä ò

ö ¶ ÷õ��ò�Â�ò ñ ß�ø�è#å$âL�3ö î ò��{÷LïJåùøAý�ú üéû'å�ü�ýQýþýþÿ=è�ü¤ä#ù�í�ü²ýQè�ë��(ù�è>æ/ú�ý;ý��Q�3Ý " Ý�Ü9ç#à�è#è�� b��� ¨ ò

ö º ÷õÝTò�à æ�ë"ë"à�ç��Ëö�ò��Jò�Ãaá$ã�ß�ë"ë�� ÜIò Ü9ç#å$è#è#à�ç���á$â î Â�ò ñ òþ�%íHß�ê#ÞL��Û ð ç�ê7ß���é ßÀá�ë��Xâ*ê#à ë"ë�ß óã�à â�é à`ß"â�Ià ë"à�é å�íHí�æ�â�ß"ésáqê7ß"å$â�è��âÛ ð�òZòZò�{û"ý�újù�ûL÷>å�û'å�äjýQýþýþÿ=è�ü¤ä#ù�í�ü²ýQè�ë�ü�ýQèbìbå�û�å�è@ä�å��ñ õ�Ö �{ö|ÝCÖ(à � ��º �%ô�å�ëeò ¶ ��ì�ì3ò$Í�Í ºQó Í�Í Æ ����å;ôgò b����º ò

ö ô ÷EÃò " ò ñ á$ç#à�ÿ�á$â î Â�ò×��ò>�$å�Þ�â�è&å�âL��ü�ýQýTú>ÿ=í å�û�ëEù�è>æ ð�èJí�û&ù*ä�í0ù/ú üéû üéí�����ùþê�ÿPüàæ*å íXýËíéïJåí ïJåjýqû��KýEì�� ã�ç�äjýQýTú>û'å�í å�è@å�ë�ë���� ò���òJ��ç#à à�í!á�â��fÝ1å�í�ì�á$â*ÿ�� �/Æ�� ò

ö Ä ÷õ��ò���ò���å�ë�ëÀá$â î ��� æ*ù�ú>í²ù�í�ü²ýQèDüéè �5ù�íàÿ%û&ù�û�ù�è>æ��Tû�í�ü !{ä�ü�ù�û#"�� ë�í å�ýõë��#$_â�ß�ô$à ç&è#ß�êXÿtå$äà ß"éjÞ�ß"ã*á$â£Ü9ç&à è#è�� �/Æ�Ä ò

ö ¨ ÷õ��ò�Ø(ß�ç���ì�á�ê#ç#ß�é��>��ÝTò�Â�ò ñ à�ëÀá�ê&ê$!&ç�ò �$á$â î Ãò Ü?òQÔ`à é�éjÞ�ߤ�/Û+Ö6ì�ê#ß"íHß"þ á�ê7ß�å�â5ø*ÿ%�%ß�í�æ�ëÀáqê7à îð â�â�àsá$ë�ß"â�ã3�âÛ%"Lä�ü¤å�è@ä�å���â�å�ò ¶�¶ » ��ì�ì�ò ¨ Æ=�ó ¨ Í » � � Í º ò

ö Æ ÷JÂ�ò&�1à�ç&ê7è&à��qá$è�á$â î " ò ñ á$ë�ëÀá$ã$à ç��&'Jù�í²ù(� å�í*)1ýqû+� ë��$Ü9ç#à�â�ê#ß"é�à,��á$ë"ë�� ��� ¶ ò

ö Í�÷ ñ ò " æ î å�ë�ì�ÞL��Û+Ý1å�â*ô�à�ç#ã�à�â�é à ð â�á$ë�ÿPè&ß"è�å�ä>Ý2á$â�å�â�ß"ésá�ë ñ à â�à�ê7ß�é ð ë"ã�å�ç&ß�ê#Þ�í�è�� Û ð�ò|òZò÷�û&ù�è�ë ù*ä�í�ü²ýQè�ëEýQè�� å�ÿ%û&ù�û-� å�í*)1ýqû+� ë���ô$å�ë²ò Ä ��â�å�ò �>��á�â�ò ����ô ò

ö � ÷EÃògà ß4ê7éjÞ�à�ë"ë¤�.�ñè�ð�èJí�û7ý�æ�ÿ$ä�í�ü²ýQè�íXý� å�è@å�íeü¤ä��ñûâêPýqûvüéíéï*ýõë��zÃ�/�UÜ9ç&à è#è�� ���/Æ ò ¨ Æ

Page 187: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¨ Í

ö » ÷JÂ�ò ñ å�ë î øgà ç&ã3�0 å�è@å�í�ü¤ä1�ñûâêPýqûvüéí ï*ýõë>üéè§ë å#ù$û�ä�ï325ýjú>í�üéý�ü54;ù�í�ü²ýQè�ù�è>æû'å#ù$û�è�üéè*ê�� ðTî óî ß"è&å�â6�tà�è#ë�à�ÿ�� b� Í � ò

ö � ÷7�5ò.� 8á�é��>��Â�ò9�Tò=��å�ã�à�ë¤�%á$â î;: ò�à ß"éjÞ�á�ë"à�ó�ß�é þ��<�5ù�è>æ/ú�ý;ý��!ýEì ò#=$ýQû ÿ*íeü²ýQègù$û��£ü�ýQýTú>ÿ*çí0ù�í�ü²ýQèJ�3�\ÖîÜ-Ü9æ�ø�ë�ß"è&Þ�ß"â�ã>á�â î Ö?>Pä�å�ç î $_â�ß�ô$à ç#è&ß�êXÿ£Ü9ç&à è#è�� ���/Æ ò

ö ¶ ÷ßö=ò9��ò�õ9ò ð á�ç&ê7è�á$â î ��ò��Jò�Ãò|Ø(å$ç#è&ê��?"züéýþÿ*û4ù�íEå�æ@�ñèJè@å#ù�û üéè*êtù�è>æBA6ýQû íC4�ýHù�èJè&øSù�çä�ïPüéè@å�ë��D� ß�ë"à�ÿ�� � Í � ò

ö º ÷ß�1ò ñ ë�å�ô$à ç��CÛE��á�ø�æd�%à á$ç#éjÞ ó Ü�á$ç�êÎ��� ÛGF#H?"D�JIzýQÿPû�ègù�û6ýQèKü�ýQýTú>ÿ*í�üéè*ê��2ô�å�ëeò � ��»Qó ¶ » ¨ � � Í � ò

ö bô ÷ß�1ò ñ ë"å;ô$à ç��|ÛE�?á$ø�æa�%à á$ç#éjÞ ó Ü�á$ç�ê������âÛKF#H�"D�LI�ýQÿPû�ègù�û_ýQèUü�ýQýTú>ÿ*íeüéè*ê��9ô�å$ë²ò ¶ �ô�óEº ¶ � � Í � ò

ö :Ä ÷ß�1ò ñ ë"å;ô�à�ç�á$â î Ãòzõ�á$ã�æ�â�á���÷zù/ú�ÿ6"Lå#ù$û�ä�ï*�JØ5ë"æ*ó�à ç ð é á î à�í�ß�éÕÜ`æ�ø�ë"ß�è#Þ�à�ç#è�� b���/Æ ò

ö ¨ ÷7�5ò+��ò " á$ì�ì�á$ì�å$ç&êb��M�ü�û�å�û'å�ë�ë ü�ýQýþýþÿ*è�ü¤ä#ù�íeü²ýQè�ë{ç~ã�û�üéè@ä�ü�ú>û'å�ë�N#ã�û&ù*ä�íeü¤ä�å��+Ü9ç#à�â*ê7ß"é�à�Tá$ë�ë¤� ��� ¨ ò

ö :Æ ÷ßö=ò ð á$ç�ê7è�á$â î ��ò�Ø�ò�õ�à�â�è&ê#ç7á��7OIý ä#ù�û ë å#ù$û�ä�ï½üéèyü�ýQý�ú üéègù�íXýqû�ü�ù�û,F?ú>í�üéý�ü54;ù�íeü²ýQèJ�� ß"ë�à�ÿ�� ���/Æ ò

ö Í�÷ßØ�ò��5ò$Ø5åHà�ê�á$ë²ò��JÛ3$_è#ß"â�ã ñ à â�à�ê7ß�é ð ë"ã$å�ç#ß4ê7Þ�íHè1ê7å î à�è#ß"ã$â íHà è&Þaâ�à�êXó1å�ç���è��âÛÃü�ýQýþçú>ÿ=í å�û���ô�å�ëeò º�» ��â�å�ò×Í���ì�ì�ò Ä ¨ ó ¨ � ð æ�ã�ò ���/Æ ò

ö � ÷õ��ò�Ü9ß�à ç#ç&à�á$â î�ð ò�ö9ë�ã�ß"ø�á�å�æ�ߤ��Û��XíHì�ç#å;ôPß"â�ã+é å�íHí�æ�â�ß"ésáqê7ß"å$âtâ�à�êXó1å�ç��ê#å�ì�å$ë"å�ã�ß�à èæ�è#ß�â�ã6�?á$ø�æ��%àsá�ç#éjÞL�âÛQP3P/è>æR�ñèJèJÿ�ù�û�ü�ýQèbìbå�û�å�è@ä�å�ýQèBOIý ä#ù�û{ü�ýQýTú>ÿ=í å�û,� å�í*)1ýqû+� ëS O�üT��U V.WYXQ��ì�ì�ò ô�ô�óEÄ�º � b���/Æ ò

ö ¶ » ÷ ñ ò=Ý1à�ë"ë"ß��+ö=ò3Ý1å�è�êjá$í�á$ã�â�á��Pá$â î�ð ò=�zá$â�â�ߤ�+Û ñ à â�à�ê7ß�é ð ë"ã�å�ç&ß�ê#Þ�í�è9ä�å�ç`ê7à�ë"à�é å�íHí�æ óâ�ß"é á�ê7ß�å�âHâ�à�êXó�å�ç���å�ì�ê#ß"íHß"þsáqê7ß"å$âL� Ûßð�ò|òZòµð�èJí å�û�ègù�í�ü²ýQègù�û�ü�ýQèbìbå�û�å�è@ä�å(ýQèZ"��:ë�í å�ýõë[2

Page 188: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

¨ �

øNù�èmù�è>æjü���ú�å�û�è@å�íeü¤ä�ë[2Õð�èJí å�ûéû ü�ê*å�èJí7"�� ë�íEå�ýõëÕìsýqû�íéïJå@P]\Që�í ü�å�èJíàÿ%û��Q�=ì�ì�ò ¶�¶ Æ:ó ¶ º ¶ � ����Ä ò

ö ¶ ÷ßö=ò�Ý1å�è�êjá$í�á$ã�â�á�� ð ò��zá$â�â�ߤ��á$â îRñ ò ñ ß"á$é ß�â�ê#å3��Û ð �Pß"í�æ�ë"á�ê7à îtð â�â�àsá�ë"ß"â�ãaá$ë�ã�å óç#ß4ê7Þ�í ä�å�ç1ê#Þ�à6å�ì%ê7ß"íHß"þ á�ê7ß�å�âHå$ä�é å�íHí�æ�â�ß"ésáqê7ß"å$â!â�à�êXó1å�ç���è��âÛ_^`H�"=ð ð�èJíEå�û�ègù�í�ü²ýQègù�û"���ýTú�ý ë�üéÿ*ý ýQèa"zü�ê�ègù�û×ë[2b"�� ë�í å�ýõë[2�ù�è>æ´ò�û'å�í ä�í�ûjýQè�ü¤ä�ëBc´ð�"&"&"3ò U V3d��6ì�ì�ò ô/»:ó Í�� ���/Ä ò

ö ¶�¶ ÷EÃò��PÞ�á$Þ�ø�á$þ���Û/�?ß5>%à î â�à�êXó�å�ç�� î à è#ß�ã�â�å$ä_é à�ë"ë�æ�ëÀá$ç�íHå�ø�ß"ë�à�é�å�íHí�æ�â�ß�ésá�ê#ß"å�ââ�à�ê óó1å$ç���è=æ�è#ß�â�ã ñ à â�à�ê7ß"é ð ë�ã�å�ç#ß4ê7Þ�íHè��âÛfeIýQÿPû�íéï�ð�òZò|ò&ð�èJí å�û�ègù�í�ü²ýQègù�û�ü�ýQèbìbå�û�å�è@ä�å�ýQè^�è�üg=�å�û�ë ù�û8ã�å�û�ë;ýQègù�û�ü�ýQýþýþÿ*è�ü¤ä#ù�íeü²ýQè�ë��%ì�ì�ò ¨ ºQó\Æ � ���/Ä ò

ö ¶ º ÷EÃòJ�PÞ�á$Þ�ø�á$þ��3Û " á$â î å�í ñ æ�ß î à î�ð ë"ã�å�ç&ß�ê#Þ�í�è`ä�å�ç���ß5>%à î ��à�êXó�å�ç���Â6à è&ß"ã�â!å$ä~Ý1à ë óë"æ�ë"á$ç`à å$ø�ß"ë�à Ý1å�í�íEæ�â�ß"é á�ê7ß�å�âh�_à�êXó�å�ç���è��âÛ�÷>å�û'å�íeû&ùYijäßü�ýQèJíeûvüàú�ÿ*íeü²ýQè�ëoìsýqû íéïJåCð�èJçìsýqû�ýHù�íeü²ýQèj�|ê*ålk \3d�íéï�ð�èJí å�û�ègù�í�ü²ýQègù�ûõ÷>å�û'å�íeû&ùYijä�ü�ýQè*ê$û�å�ë�ë���ô$å�ë²ò ��ì�ì�ò ¶ Ä�Ä:ó ¨ ô ��$æ�â�à ����Æ ò

ö ¶ ô ÷õ��ò ñ òJÜ9ç#å*á���ß�è��-'(ü�ê$üéí²ù�û�ü�ýQýþýþÿ*è�ü¤ä#ù�íeü²ýQè�ë���à é ñ ç7ásó ó �_ß"ë�ë¤� ���/Ä ò

ö ¶ Ä ÷ �jò3Ø(á�ê#þ à ë"á�á$â î Ãò&��á$Þ�è&Þ�ß"â�à�ÞL�3Û+Ý1Þ�á$â�â�à�ëÁá$è#è&ß"ã�â�í�à�â�ê�è&éjÞ�à íHà è=ä�å�ç1é à ë�ë"æ�ë"á$ç�í�å óø�ß"ë�à!ê7à�ë"à�é å�íHí�æ�â�ß�ésá�ê#ß"å�â�è�ÿPè&ê7à�í�ènm+áNé å�íHì�ç&à Þ�à�â�è#ß4ô�àaè&æ�ç&ô$à�ÿ�� Ûµð�òZò|ò¢ã�å�û�ë;ýQègù�ûü�ýQýþýþÿ=è�ü¤ä#ù�í�ü²ýQè�ë���ô�å�ëeò º ��â�å�ò º ��ì�ì�ò »:óEº� �3�$æ�â�à ��� ¨ ò

ö ¶�¨ ÷ßÜ?ò " ásÿ%íHå�â î ��Û/ÜIà ç&ä�å$ç#í�á$â�é à�á$â�á$ë�ÿPè#ß�è�å$ä�é�à ë"ë�æ�ëÀá�çÁâ�à�êXó�å�ç���è�� ÛÕð�òZò|òX÷�û&ù�è�ë ù*ä�í�ü²ýQè�ëýQèÃü�ýQýþýþÿ*è�ü¤ä#ù�íeü²ýQè�ë��Pô�å�ëeò º�� ��â�å�ò º ��ì�ì3ò Ä�ô ¶ óEÄ�ô Í�� ����ô ò

ö ¶ Æ ÷� ò×Ø�ò3õIá�ß�á$â îAñ ò×ÝTò�Ý1å�ã$Þ�ß"ë�ë¤�$Û+Ý1Þ�á$â�â�à ë9á�è#è#ß�ã�â�íHà â*ê6ê#Þ�ç#å�æ�ã�Þ+à�ô$å�ë"æ%ê7ß"å$â�á$ç&ÿ å�ì óê7ß�í�ß�þsá�ê#ß"å�âL�âÛþð�òZò|ò¥÷�û&ù�è�ë ù*ä�í�ü²ýQè�ë�ýQèao>å�ïPü¤ä�ÿ*û4ù$û�÷>å�ä�ï*è3ýQû"ý�ê�����ô$å�ë²ò ô/Ä ��â�å�ò �zì�ì�ò��ùóE� ¨ �3��à ø�ò b��� ¨ ò

Page 189: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:Æ�»

ö ¶ Í�÷ß�1ò×��ò���á�ß"íHà è ó " å$í�à�ç#å3�*Â�ò%à æ�â�å�þ ó " å î ç&ß"ã�æ�à�þ��Pá$â î ��ò]�?à��Pß�â�ásÿ��=Û+Ý1Þ�á$â�â�à ë�á$è#è&ß"ã�â óí�à�â*ê�ß�âBé�à ë�ë"æ�ë"á$ç�è&ÿPè&ê#à íHè!æ�è&ß"â�ã ñ à�â�à�ê#ß"é ð ë�ã�å�ç&ß�ê7Þ�í�è�� Û�ð�òZòZòqp-rQí ïso>å�ïPü¤ä�ÿ*û4ù$û÷8å�ä�ï*è3ýQû"ý�ê��£ü�ýQèbìbå�û�å�è@ä�å��%ô$å�ë²ò ¶ � Æ�ô3�ó\Ä � b��� ¨ ò

ö ¶ � ÷õÝTòut�òv��ã$å3�@Ô�ò×Ö�ò×Ø�òÁõÁß��LÛ/��ßw>�à î éjÞ�á$â�â�à ë`á$è&è#ß"ã$â�í�à�â*ê5ß"âSé�à ë"ë�æ�ëÀá�ç�ç#á î ß"åKâ�à�êXó�å�ç���èæ�è#ß�â�ã(á5í�å î ß5��à îHñ à â�à�ê7ß�é ð ë"ã$å�ç#ß4ê7Þ�í�� Ûîð�òZòZòN÷�û&ù�è�ë ù*ä�íeü²ýQè�ë�ýQè o>å�ïPü¤ä�ÿ=û4ù$û ÷>å�ä�ï*çè3ýQû"ý�ê����%ô�å�ëeò ô+Æ ��â�å�ò ��ì�ì3ò ¨ ºQóEÆ ¶ �3��à�ø�ò ��� Í%ò

ö º�» ÷,�Jò��zæ�â�á$ø�ß �Pß�á$â î t�ò.�?á���à�ä�æQ!&ß��3Û ð â�à�æ�ç7á�ë�â�à�êXó�å�ç��Kì�á$ç7á�ë"ë"à�ë3á�ë"ã�å�ç&ß�ê#Þ�íÄä�å�ç=éjÞ�á$â óâ�à ë�á$è#è&ß"ã�â�í�à�â�êTì�ç#å$ø�ë"à�í�è�ß"â+é�à ë"ë�æ�ëÀá�ç�ç#á î ß"å�â�à�êXó�å�ç��Pè�� Û�ð�òZòZòÀ÷�û&ù�è�ë ù*ä�íeü²ýQè�ë>ýQèo>å�ïPü¤ä�ÿ=û4ù$û�÷>å�ä�ï*è3ýQû"ý�ê����Pô�å�ëeò ô3 ��â�å�ò ô ��ì�ì�ò ô/º�»Qó�ô/º/Æ � ��� ¶ ò

ö º� ÷EÃò=Â6æ�¾�æ�à ó ð â�ê#å�âL�(Â�òCØ5æ�â�þ�� �Tò " æ�øgà ç��ùÛ+Ý1Þ�á�â�â�à ë ð è#è&ß"ã�â�íHà â*ê�ä�å�ç�Ý1à�ë"ë"æ�ëÀá$ç" á î ß"åB$_è#ß"â�ã´�%ß�í�æ�ë"á�ê7à î�ð â�â�à á$ë"ß�â�ã3�âÛ§ð�òZòZò±÷�û&ù�è�ëaýQèxo>å�ïPü¤ä�ÿ*û4ù$û´÷8å�ä�ï*è3ýQû"ý�ê��Q�ô�å�ëeò ô ¶ ��â�å�ò ��ì�ì�ò bô�ó ¶ � b����º

ö º ¶ ÷ßØ�ò�à ß�â ó �$à�å�â�ã3�=Û ð é å$í�ì�á�ç#ß"è&å�â�å$ä�êXó�å>è#àsá�ç#éjÞ�á$ë"ã$å�ç#ß4ê7Þ�íHè�ä�å$ç2è#å�ë4ôPß"â�ãEê#Þ�à5éjÞ�á$â óâ�à ë�á$è&è#ß"ã$â�í�à�â*ê�ì�ç#å$ø�ë"à�í�âÛyd�íéï�ð�òZò|òNð�èJí å�û�ègù�íeü²ýQègù�û�ü�ýQèbìbå�û�å�è@ä�å�ýQès^oè�üg=�å�û�ë ù�ûã�å�û�ë;ýQègù�û�ü�ýQýþýþÿ=è�ü¤ä#ù�í�ü²ýQè�ë��%ô$å�ë²ò ¶ ��ì�ì�ò ¨ Í �ó\Ä � ��� ¨ ò

ö º�º ÷,�Tá$å��$ß"â ó Ø(á$å.z " ògÂ6å�ç&â�à��8Ü?ò ñ á$ë"ß�â�ß"à�ç��3ÛE�?á$ø�æaè#àsá�ç#éjÞ+ä�å�ç�ä�ç#à�¾Pæ�à â�é�ÿSá$è&è#ß"ã$â�í�à�â*êß"âRíHå�ø�ß"ë�àKç7á î ß"åNâ�à�êXó�å�ç��Pè�� Û{I�ýQÿPû�ègù�ûTýEì%�ßå�ÿPûvü'ë�íeü¤ä�ë��1ô$å�ë²ò ô �1â�å�ò ��ì�ì�ò ô+Æ:ó ¨*¶ ��$æ�â�à ��� Í�ò

ö º�ô ÷ ð ò Ö6ç&ê#à ã*áRà�êaá$ëeò �ùÛ ð ë"ã$å�ç#ß4ê7Þ�íHà è î à´Ý1å�ë�å�ç7áqê7ß"å$â î à è ñ ç#á$ì�Þmà�ê î � ð�| à�é�ê7á�ê7ß�å�âî à è���ç]}à ¾�æ�à â�é à è�� ð ì�ì�ç&å%éjÞ�à ñ }à�å�íj}à�ê7ç&ß"¾�æ�à6à�ê ð â�á�ë�ÿ�ê7ß�¾Pæ�à è��.��à æ�ç#ß"è�ê7ß�¾Pæ�à è�� " à�é æ�ß4ê�%ß"íEæ�ë~}à��=Ü9ç&å�ã�ç7á�í�í�á�ê7ß�å�âHì�á$ç�Ý1å�â*ê#ç7á$ß�â�ê#à è�� ð ë�ã�å�ç#ß4ê7Þ�íHà ñ }à�â�}à�ê#ß"¾�æ�à è�� ÛÃ÷>å�ä�ï*è�ü¤ä#ù�ûH�åXú�ýqû�í�� ÷.�Jã���A���".H�øR�&H�H�ý��]p���dE���3Ý��ñö��î�>Ü�á$ç&ß"è�� b���/Ä ò

Page 190: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:Æ*

ö º/Ä ÷ßÜ?òQÝ2á$ë�à ã*á�ç#ß*à�ê�á$ëeò �QÛ ñ à â�à�ê7ß"é�á$ì�ì�ç#å*á�éjÞJê7å_ç7á î ß"å_â�à�êXó�å�ç���å$ì�ê7ß�í�ß�þsá�ê#ß"å�âTä�å$çIíHå�ø�ß�ë"àè&ÿPè&ê#à íHè��âÛjð�ò|òZò�p�Wbíéï�o>å�ïPü¤ä�ÿ*û4ù$û-÷8å�ä�ï*è3ýQû"ý�ê��dü�ýQèbìbå�û�å�è@ä�å���ô$å�ë²ò ¶ �Tì�ì�ò Æ�Ä�Ä óE� � ���/Æ ò

ö º ¨ ÷� ò×Ø�ò&��á$ë"à���Û/��ç&à ¾�æ�à â�é�ÿ ð è&è#ß�ã�â�íHà â*ê�m��=Þ�à�å�ç&ÿ�á�â î�ð ì�ì�ë�ß"é á�ê7ß�å�â�è��âÛ ã�û7ý ä�å�å�æ$üéè*êQëýEìîíéïJåñð�òZòZò��%ô�å�ëeò ¨ Í���â�å�ò ¶ ��ì�ì3ò bô/�/Æ:ó�:Ä=bô ��Â6à�é$ò � Í » ò

ö º/Æ ÷,�Jò " ò ð â î à�ç#è&å�âL��á�â î ��ò Ü?òPÃ�é ñ à à Þ�á$âL�*Û+Ö6ì�ê7ß�í�ß�þ ß"â�ã(à ß"é�ç#åPé à�ë"ë.�1á$è#àñ�Pêjáqê7ß"å$â�õÁå óésá�ê#ß"å�â�è�$�è&ß"â�ã��Pß"í�æ�ë"á�ê7à î!ð â�â�àsá�ë"ß"â�ã��?à�éjÞ�â�ß�¾Pæ�à è��âÛÎð�òZò|òyp3pJí ïjo>å�ïPü¤ä�ÿ=û4ù$ûË÷>å�ä�ï*çè3ýQû"ý�ê���ü�ýQèbìbå�û�å�è@ä�å��Pô�å�ëeò ¶ ��ì�ì3ò$Í Ä Í ó Í ¨*¶ � ����ô ò

ö º Í�÷ÕÔ�ò=ö9ç#é à�ã�à�ê2á$ë²ò��*Û3$�ç&ø�á$â���è&æ�ø�æ�ç&ø�á$âKå�æ%ê ó å�ä ó è#ß�ã�Þ*ê�ì�ç#å�ì�á$ã*á�ê#ß"å�âHí�å î à�ë"ß"â�ã3� Ûßð�ò|òZòü�ýQýþýþÿ=è�ü¤ä#ù�í�ü²ýQè�ëñøSù ê*ù�4 üéè@å���ì�ì3ò Ä ¨ ó ¨ �J�$æ�â�à b��� ¶ ò

ö º�� ÷7�5ò×ÜIòv��á$â�ã3���gòut�òT��ó2á�â�ã3�?á$â î ÝTò×ÝTò��=è#à�â�ã3�~Û " à�ã�ß"è�ê7ç7áqê7ß"å$â ð ç#à áÜ9ëÀá�â�â�ß"â�ã�ä�å$çÜ|ÝC�Z�_à�êXó�å�ç���è�$�è&ß"â�ã ñ à â�à�ê7ß�é ð ë�ã�å�ç&ß�ê7Þ�í�è�� Û ð�òZòZòy÷�û&ù�è�ë ù*ä�í�ü²ýQè�ëJýQè�o>å�ïPü¤ä�ÿ*û4ù$û÷8å�ä�ï*è3ýQû"ý�ê��Q�Pô$å�ë²ò ô/Æ ��â�å�ò º ��ì�ì�ò � Í Æ:óE����ô � ð æ�ã�ò ��� Í�ò

ö ô/» ÷õ��ò��$æ�â�ì�ß�â�ã3�$á$â î ��ò�ÝTò�õÁà à���Û+Ö6ì�ê7ß�í!á�ë�í�å$ø�ß"ë�à�ë�å%é á�ê7ß�å�â5ê7ç#á$é���ß"â�ã�ø�ÿ�í�æ�ë�ê7ß�ëÀásÿ�à�ç#à îí�å î à�ë6è&ê#ç7á�ê#à ã$ÿ�� Û`÷LïPü�û�æ�ð�òZòZòÀð�èJí å�û�ègù�í�ü²ýQègù�û ü�ýQèbìbå�û�å�è@ä�åAýQè�ò�è*ê$üéè@å�å�ûvüéè*êCýEìü�ýQýTú>û'åY��ü�ýQýTú>ÿ*íEå�û "�� ë�íEå�ýõë���ì�ì�ò$Í ¨ ó �/Ä � ���/Æ ò

ö ô3 ÷ ð ò�t�à â�à ç���á$â î ÝTò " å$è#à���Û ñ à�â�à�ê#ß"é�á$ë"ã$å�ç#ß4ê7Þ�íHè�á$ì�ì�ë�ß"à î ê#åTé à�ë"ë�æ�ëÀá$ç�é á$ë"ëPá î íHß"è&è#ß�å�â`më"åPésá$ë9ìgå�ë�ß"é ß�à è�� Ûð�òZòZò�÷�û&ù�è�ë ù*ä�íeü²ýQè�ë!ýQèso>å�ïPü¤ä�ÿ*û4ù$û�÷8å�ä�ï*è3ýQû"ý�ê��Q��ô$å�ë²ò ô ¨ ��â�å�ò �ì�ì�ò Æ ¶ óE� ���zà�ø�ò ����Æ ò

ö ô ¶ ÷õ��ò�Ô`à�ç î æL�Lø�ÿ=û í�üéÿ/ë å�û 'õå�íEå�ä�í�ü²ýQèJ�$Ý2á$í�ø�ç#ß î ã�à$�â�ß4ô�à�ç#è#ß4êXÿ�Ü9ç#à è&è�� ��� Í�òö ô/º ÷ Ù ò �1ò��tá$â�ã��`� òo��ò�õÁæL��á$â îNð ò ð â*ê7å$â�ß"å�æ@��Û ð³ñ à â�à�ê7ß"é ð ë"ã�å$ç#ß�ê#Þ�í ó ø�á$è&à î íEæ�ë ó

ê7ß�æ�è#à�ç î à�ê#à é�ê#å�ç�ä�å�çÁí�æ�ë4ê7ß"ì�ë"à ó á$é é�à è&è�é å�íHí�æ�â�ß"ésáqê7ß"å$â�è�Û ð�ò|òZò¼ð�èJí å�û�ègù�íeü²ýQègù�û�"��Qýþçú�ý ë�üéÿ=ý¼ýQèÃü�ü�û�ä�ÿ%üéíéëEù�è>æf"�� ë�íEå�ý¸ç|ð["�ü�� "�U VE���Pô�å�ëeò ô ��ì�ì�ò Ä�º�ô�ó\Æ � ��� Í�ò

Page 191: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:Æ ¶ö ô�ô ÷EÃò×��ò��$æ�â*ê#ê#ߤ���5òL�%éjÞ�ë"å�è&è#à ç���á$â î ��òLÖ�ò3õÁß"ë�ë"à�ø�à�ç#ã3�$Û ñ à â�à�ê7ß�é�á$ë�ã�å�ç#ß4ê7Þ�íHè=ä�å�çTíEæ�ë ó

ê7ß�æ�è#à�ç î à�ê#à é�ê7ß"å$â�ß�â�è&ÿPâ�éjÞ�ç#å�â�å$æ�èùÝ2Â(à ð �âÛËð�òZò|ò#ð�èJíEå�û�ègù�í�ü²ýQègù�û<"��QýTú�ý ë�üéÿ*ý¼ýQèð�èbìsýqû�ýHù�í�ü²ýQèa÷LïJåjýqû�����ì�ì�ò ô/� ¶ � ���/Æ ò

ö ô+Ä ÷õÝTò���òZÝ1Þ�á$â�ã3��ÝTò���ò��tæ@�|Û/Ö5ì%ê7ß"í�á$ë9ä�ç7á�í�à�ì�á�ê#ê#à ç&â î à è#ß�ã�â�ä�å�ç�á���Â(à ð í�å óø�ß"ë�à�é å�íHí�æ�â�ß"ésáqê7ß"å$âSè&ÿPè&ê#à íªæ�è#ß�â�ã+á�%ß�í�æ�ëÀáqê7à îNð â�â�àsá�ë"ß"â�ã á�ë"ã�å�ç&ß�ê#Þ�í�âÛ£ð�ò|òZò÷�û&ù�è�ë ù*ä�í�ü²ýQè�ëEýQè�o>å�ïPü¤ä�ÿ*û4ù$û�÷8å�ä�ï*è3ýQû"ý�ê��Q�%ô$å�ë²ò ô ¶ ��â�å�ò ¶ ��ì�ì�ò ¶ »/Ä ó�� ��Ãaásÿ ����º ò

ö ô ¨ ÷EÃòo��ò�� Þ�ß�ê#à��o��ò���ò���ë"åPé��*ê7å�â@�LÛ ð ã�à�â�à�ê#ß"é>á î á�ì�ê7ß4ô�à�á$ë�ã�å�ç&ß�ê7Þ�í�ä�å$ç î á�ê7á�à�¾�æ�á$ë óß"þ á�ê7ß�å�âL�âÛ�ã�û7ý ä�å�å�æ$üéè*êQëJýEìñí ïJå?e`ü�û�ë�í�ð�òZòZòIü�ýQèbìbå�û�å�è@ä�åJýQè£ò�=$ýQû ÿ*í�ü²ýQègù$û~��ü�ýQýTú>ÿ*çí0ù�í�ü²ýQèJ��ô$å�ë²ò ¶ ��ì�ì�ò ¨�¨ Ä ó ¨�¨ � � ����ô ò

ö ô+Æ ÷õ��òZÝ1Þ�à�âL�#t�ò��tæ@�2á$â î ��ò�Ã�ésõ�á$æ�ã�Þ�ë"ß"â@�|Û ñ à�â�à�ê#ß"é�á$ë�ã�å�ç#ß4ê7Þ�íªå�ì%ê7ß"íHß"þ á�ê7ß�å�âä�å$çø�ë"ß�â î éjÞ�á$â�â�à�ë�ß î à�â*ê7ß���ésá�ê#ß"å�â�ó�ß�ê7ÞEÞ�ß"ã�Þ�à ç�å$ç î à�ç�é æ�íEæ�ëÀá$â*êT��ê#ê#ß"â�ã3�âÛîð�òZò|òU÷�û&ù�è�ë�çù*ä�íeü²ýQè�ëEýQèò#=$ýQû ÿ=í�ü²ýQègù$û���ü�ýQýTú>ÿ*í0ù�í�ü²ýQèJ��ô$å�ë²ò ��â�å�ò ô ���_å;ô�ò b���/Æ ò

ö ô Í�÷õ��òJÝ1Þ�à âL�&��ò�õ9ò�õÁæ3�$�Dt�ò�õÁß"æL�=Û ð ì�ì�ë"ß�ésá�ê#ß"å�âHå$ä?á î á$ì%ê7ß�ô$àÕ�%ß�í�æ�ëÀáqê7à î�ð â�â�àsá$ë�ß"â�ãEê#åø�ë"ß�â î éjÞ�á$â�â�à ë�ß î à�â�ê#ß���é á�ê7ß�å�âSó�ß�ê#Þ��ùÖÕÝ���ê#ê7ß�â�ã3�âÛ�ò�û'å�ä�í�û7ýQè�ü¤ä�ëhOoå�í�í å�û�ë��?ô�å$ë²ò º�ô �â�å�ò º ��ì�ì�ò ¶ º�ô�ó\Ä �3�zà�ø�ò ��� Í�ò

ö ô/� ÷EÃò ð ò ð ë'�qá$â�Þ�á$ë¤�>�gò ð ò ð ë"è#Þ�à øgà ß"ë�ߤ�JÛ3��ë"ß"â î à�è&ê7ß�í!áqê7ß"å$â å$ä î ß"ã�ß4êjá$ë3é å�íHí�æ�â�ß�ésá�ê#ß"å�âéjÞ�á$â�â�à ë"èIæ�è&ß"â�ã�é æ�í�æ�ëÀá$â*ê7è?á$â î�ñ à�â�à�ê#ß"é ð ë�ã�å�ç#ß4ê7Þ�íHè�Û��Qð�èJí å�û�ègù�í�ü²ýQègù�û>ü�ýQèbìbå�û�å�è@ä�åýQèÃü�ýQè�ë�ÿ*ýËå�ûñò�û'å�ä�í�û7ýQè�ü¤ä�ë���ì�ì�ò º Í ¨ óEº Í Æ � b���/Æ ò

ö Ä�» ÷JÂ�ò ñ òmõÁæ�à â�øgà ç#ã$à ç��¹ð�èJíeû7ý�æ�ÿJä�íeü²ýQè íyýÌû üéè@å#ù$ûªù�è>æ è3ýQèJû üéè@å#ù$û³úgûjý�ê$û&ù�ýþý�üéè*ê��ðTî�î ß"è#å$â ó �à è&ë"à�ÿ�� �/Æ�º ò

ö Ä= ÷� òL�%á$é é�å3�T'�Qègù�ý�ü¤äÕã1û7ý�ê$û&ù�ýþý�üéè*êZ��ù�èµå�û'å¤ê*ù�èJíIúgûjý�ú�û'å�ýÀë;ýQû�=�å�û�����á�â�è#å�â�Ü9æ�ø óë"ß�ésá�ê#ß"å�â�è�� b� Í Æ ò

Page 192: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:Æ�º

ö Ä ¶ ÷ ñ ò�õ9ò���à�í�Þ�á�æ�è#à�ç�á$â î õ`ò ð òu�å�ë"è&à�ÿ���ð�èJí å¤ê*å�û�ù�è>æµü�ýQý�ú üéègù�íXýqûvü�ù�û0F?ú>í�üéý�ü54;ù�íeü²ýQèJ�� ß"ë�à�ÿ�� � Í�Í%ò

ö Ä�º ÷JÂ�ò9��ò3�tå�ë�ì�à�ç&ê2á$â î � ò ñ ò�Ãaá$é�ç#à á î ÿ���Û3��åþ��ç&à à6õÁæ�â�éjÞ6�=Þ�à å�ç&à íHè1ä�å�ç{Ö5ì%ê7ß"íHß"þ á óê7ß�å�âL�âÛËð�òZò|ò¥÷�û&ù�è�ë ù*ä�í�ü²ýQè�ë�ýQè�ò#=$ýQû ÿ=í�ü²ýQègù$û���ü�ýQýTú>ÿ*í0ù�í�ü²ýQèJ��ô�å�ëeò �zâ�å�ò � ð ì�ç&ß"ë ���/Æ ò

ö Ä�ô ÷JÂ�ò9��ò��å�ë"ìgà ç�ê�á$â î � ò ñ ò_Ãaá$é�ç#àsá î ÿ��îÛ3�_å<ä�ç&à àNë"æ�â�éjÞmê#Þ�à å$ç#à íHèKä�å�ç�è#à á$ç#éjÞL�âÛ��á$â*êjá%��àÕ�Xâ�è&ê#ß�ê#æ�ê7à��>��á$â*êjá%��à����TÃ��&�?à�éjÞ�ò " à�ì�ò>���~� ó � " ó »/Ä:ó »� » � ���/Ä ò

ö Ä�Ä ÷� ò ñ ò9à á$é ç&àsá î ÿ�á$â î Â�ò��Jòu�tå�ë�ì�à�ç&ê���Û�� Þ�á�ê>í�á��$à�è>á$â�å�ì�ê#ß"íHß"þ á�ê7ß�å�âì�ç#å�ø�ë�à íÞ�á$ç î�� Û�ü�ýQýTú>û'åY��üéí��Q��ô�å�ëeò Ä ��ì�ì�ò ô/»Qó�ô ¨ � ��� ¨ ò

ö Ä ¨ ÷ " ò;Ãaá$ç#à�ê#ê?á$â î Ãò��ç#ß�ã�Þ*êb�:Û ð é å�íHì�á$ç&ß"è&å�â5å$ä���à ß�ã�Þ�ø�å$ç#Þ�åPå î �%à á$ç#éjÞ,�?à�éjÞ�â�ß�¾Pæ�à èä�å�ç=Ã�æ�ë�ê#ß ó Ö6ø*!&à�é�ê#ß�ô�àîÝ1å�í�ø�ß�â�á�ê7å$ç#ßÀá�ë8Ü9ç&å�ø�ë"à�í�è�� Û�ü�ýQýTú>ÿ=í å�û�ë5üéèyF?úJå�û&ù�í�ü²ýQè�ë?H�å�çë å#ù$û�ä�ï*�%ô�å$ë²ò ¶ º ��â�å�ò Ä ��ì�ì�ò ô ¨ Ä:ó�ô Í º � ��� ¨ ò

ö Ä�Æ ÷ ð ò�à å�ß�ëÀá$â�à âL�|Û/Ü�á�ç7á$íHà�ê#à ç#ß�þsá�ê#ß"å�âRå$ä5áAíHà�ê7á$ì�å$ì�æ�ëÀáqê7ß"å$â�í�å î à ë*maá�âDà íHì�ß�ç#ß"é á$ëé å�íHì�á$ç&ß"è&å�âSå$ä�è#à�ô�à ç#á$ë î ß | à ç&à â*ê�ã�à â�à�ê7ß�é>á$ë"ã$å�ç#ß4ê7Þ�íHè���è#ß"íEæ�ëÀá�ê#à î á$â�â�àsá$ë�ß"â�ã�á�â îêjá$ø�æ�è&àsá$ç&éjÞL�âÛ�\3V3V3dßð�òZòZò#ð�èJí å�û�ègù�í�ü²ýQègù�û�ü�ýQèbìbå�û�å�è@ä�å�ýQèò#=$ýQû ÿ=í�ü²ýQègù$û���ü�ýQýTú>ÿ*çí0ù�í�ü²ýQèJ��ô$å�ë²ò ¶ ��ì�ì�ò Ä�Ä=�ó ¨ � ���/Ä ò

ö Ä Í�÷EÃò$Ý1Þ�á��Pç#á$øgå�ç&êXÿ���$Jò Ø>òJÝ1Þ�á���ç7á$øgå�ç�êXÿ��JÛ ð ì�ì�ë�ÿPß�â�ã ñ à â�à�ê7ß"é ð ë"ã�å$ç#ß�ê#Þ�íuá$â î �%ß�í óæ�ëÀáqê7à îAð â�â�àsá$ë�ß"â�ãKê#åaá�Ý1å�í�ø�ß�â�á�ê7å$ç#ßÀá�ë�Ö6ì�ê7ß�í�ß�þsá�ê#ß"å�â�Ü`ç&å�ø�ë�à í�� Û�ð�èbìsýqû�ýHù�í�ü²ýQè�2ü�ýQýþýþÿ=è�ü¤ä#ù�í�ü²ýQè�ë ù�è>æ�"zü�ê�ègù�û�ã�û7ý ä�å�ë�ë�üéè*ê�2 ð�üoðQü�"�U V.Wb���%ß�â�ã*á$ìgå�ç#à����%à�ì�ê7à�í�ø�à�ç ���/Æ ò

ö Ä�� ÷ ñ ò%à ésÃaá$Þ�å$âKá$â î Â�ò]��á î ß"â�å$ê7å3�+Û+Ý1å$í�ì�á�ç#ß"è&å�âHå$ä���à�æ�ç#ß�è&ê#ß"éñ�%àsá$ç&éjÞ ð ë�ã�å�ç&ß�ê7Þ�í�èä�å�ç �%ß"â�ã�ë"à�Ãaá�éjÞ�ß"â�à �%éjÞ�à î æ�ë"àõÜ9ç#å�ø�ë�à íHè��âÛ£ã�û7ý�ê$û�å�ë�ëJüéè�ò�=$ýQû ÿ*í�ü²ýQègù$û~��ü�ýQýTú>ÿ=í²ù�çíeü²ýQè<k#� ð.U VE��ù�è>æ�� ð.U Vlp�Maýqû[� ë�ï�ýjúJëKù�è>æ¼ò#=$ýQû ÿ*íeü²ýQègù$û��&ü�ýQýTú>ÿ*í0ù�í�ü²ýQè<k�"Lå�û'å�ä�í å�æ

Page 193: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:ÆQô

ã2ù�úJå�û�ë��6à à ë�ø�å$æ�ç#â�à�� ÔTß"é$ò�� ð ç&í�ß î á$ë"à����ù�]�N� ð æ�è&ê7ç#á$ë"ß"áy��å;ô�à�í�øgà ç ����º ���å;ô�à�í�øgà ç ����ô ò

ö ¨ » ÷EÃò�t�á$ã�ß"æ�ç7á����5ò|�Xø�á$ç#á���ߤ�CÛ�Ã�à�êjá�Þ�à æ�ç&ß"è�ê7ß"é�èKá$è " å�ø�æ�è&ê�á$â î �%ß�í�ì�ë�àÖ5ì%ê7ß"íHß"þ á óê7ß�å�â��Iå%å�ë�è��âÛã�û7ý ä�å�å�æ$üéè*êQë�ýEìîð�òZòZò�ð�èJí å�û�ègù�íeü²ýQègù�û�ü�ýQèbìbå�û�å�è@ä�å�ýQè�ò�=$ýQû ÿ*í�ü²ýQègù$û~�ü�ýQýTú>ÿ=í²ù�í�ü²ýQè S ð�ü�òñü,U V]r[XQ��ì�ì�ò Ä�ô3�ó ¨ �.��á$ã�å;ÿ*á=�>��á$ì�á$âL�gà á;ÿ ��� ¨ ò

ö ¨ ÷7�5ò8�Xø�á$ç7á���ß��@Û+Ý1å�íHì�á$ç&ß"è&å�â ó�ß4ê7Þ+à�>�ß�è&ê#ß"â�ã�å$ì�ê7ß�í�ß�þsá�ê#ß"å�â�íHà�ê7Þ�å î è�� Û!ß"âQ�5ù�è>æ/ú�ý;ý��ýEì ò#=$ýQû ÿ*íeü²ýQègù$û���ü�ýQýTú>ÿ=í²ù�í�ü²ýQèJ�%à î è ò&�5ò�� 8á$é��$�zÂ�ò9��ò3��å�ã�à�ë¤�%á$â î;: ò�Ã�ß"éjÞ�á$ë�à�ó�ß�é þ��ì�ì�òz º ò ¨ m �ó  º ò ¨ m ¶ ò

ö ¨*¶ ÷ßÜ?ò�ÃòZÜ�á�ç î á$ë�å�è���Ø�ò ð ò�à æ�ç�ê7Þ*ÿ��=á�â î �5ò×ÜIò#��á$ç#ç&ß"è&å�âL�|Û ð é�å�í�ì�æ�êjá�ê#ß"å�â�á$ë1é�å�í óì�á$ç&ß"è#å$âHå�ä3ë�å%é á$ë�è#à á$ç#éjÞ�Þ�à æ�ç#ß"è�ê7ß�é è9ä�å�ç`è#å�ë4ôPß"â�ã5¾�æ�á î ç7á�ê#ß"é_á$è#è&ß"ã�â�í�à�â�ê�ì�ç&å�ø�ë�à íHè��âÛð�èbìsýqû�ýHù�í�ü¤ä#ù��%ô�å$ë²ò ô ��â�å�ò �ó ¶ ��ì�ò Æ ¶ ó Í Æ � ����º ò

ö ¨ º ÷ " ò×��ò>��ç#à�à î í�á$âL� " ò�Â6ß ñ ß"å$ç#ã�ß�å3��Û ð é å�íHì�á$ç&ß"è&å�â å�ä`è&ê7åPéjÞ�á$è�ê7ß�éEè#à á$ç#éjÞSÞ�à æ�ç&ß"è&ê#ß"é�èä�å�ç�ìgå�ç&ê&ä�å�ë"ß�åaå�ì%ê7ß"íHß"þ á�ê7ß�å�âL�âÛ�ã�û7ý ä�å�å�æ$üéè*êQë�ýEì(� ðf�1ú*ú>û ü¤ä#ù�í�ü²ýQè�ë ýQè�M ù�ûéû�"$í�û�å�å�í����à�óKt�å�ç��>���0tþ��$ñ� ð � ð ì�ç#ß�ë ����º ò

ö ¨ ô ÷ßØ�ò$�%ß"â�ã�Þ�á$â î " ò.�1å%éjÞ*ÿPâ�à��>�>Û+Ý1å�íHì�á$ç&ß"è&å�âKå$ä?Þ�à æ�ç&ß"è�ê7ß"é5è&àsá$ç&éjÞaíHà�ê#Þ�å î è2ä�å�ç=è#à ó¾�æ�à â�é�ß"â�ãHì�ç&å�ø�ë"à�í�è�ò ð é�å�íHì�æ�êjáqê7ß"å$â�á$ë3è�ê7æ î ÿ��âÛ�e`ü�û�ë�í�ð�èJíEå�û�ègù�í�ü²ýQègù�ûZü�ýQèbìbå�û�å�è@ä�åýQè;F?úJå�û#ù�í�ü²ýQè�ë1ù�è>æh�{ÿ�ù�èJí�üéí²ù�íeüg=�å|øNù�ègù ê*å�ýËå�èJíà�;ô�å�ëeò ¶ ��ì�ì�ò ô+Ä=�ó Í�����á$â�æ�á$ç&ÿ b���/Æ ò

ö ¨ Ä ÷JÂ�ò �gò/�$å�Þ�â�è#å�âHá$â î õ9ò ð ò�à é ñ à åPéjÞL�+ÛE�=Þ�à0�Iç7ásô�à�ë"ß�â�ã ��á$ë�à è#í�á$âþÜ9ç&å�ø�ë"à�í�m ð Ý2á$è&à�Pê7æ î ÿAß"âõ�åPésá�ë�Ö6ì�ê#ß"íHß"þ á�ê7ß�å�â3Û3��ß�âjO�ý ä#ù�û�"Lå#ù$û�ä�ïAüéègü�ýQý�ú üéègù�íyýqûvü�ù�û0F?ú>í�üéý�ü54;ù�çíeü²ýQèJ�Pà î è òJö=ò��Jò�õ`ò ð á$ç�ê7è1á$â î ��ò Ø�ò�õÁà â�è�ê7ç#á��J�$å�Þ�â%� ß"ë"à�ÿHá$â î �%å$â�è��%ì�ì�ò ¶ :Ä:óEº= » � ���/Æ ò

Page 194: GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE DESIGN OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Thesis

:Æ�Ä

ö ¨�¨ ÷JÂ�ò �gò��$å$Þ�â�è#å$âL��Û ð �=Þ�à å�ç&à�ê#ß"é ß"á$â`� è ñ æ�ß î à�ê#å�ê7Þ�à{ö�>%ì�à�ç#ß"íHà â*ê7á$ë ð â�á$ë4ÿ%è&ß"èIå$ä ð ë�ã�å óç#ß4ê7Þ�íHè��âÛ�ï*í�í ú-���3�<)�)�)�k"û�å�ë å#ù$û�ä�ï�k�ù�íàí�kàäjýQý���� æQë¡ ¢�*ú�ù�úJå�û�ë/��åY��úJå�ûnk úJë���Þ�ß"â�é�å�í�ì�ë"à�ê#à5ß"â óê7à�ç#â�à�ê î ç7á�ä�ê�á�� ð ì�ç#ß�ë ��� ¨ ò

ö ¨ Æ ÷õ��ò ñ ç#à�ä�à�â�è&ê#à�ê&ê7à��$Û/Ü9ç&å�ì�å$ç&ê7ß�å�â�á$ë3è#à ë�à é�ê7ß"å$â á�â î è#á$íHì�ë"ß�â�ã�á$ë�ã�å�ç#ß4ê7Þ�íHè��âÛ�ß�â��5ù�è>æ�çú�ý;ý���ýEìUò#=$ýQû ÿ=í�ü²ýQègù$û��³ü�ýQýTú>ÿ*í²ù�íeü²ýQèJ�Rà î è ò��5ò@� 8á$é��$�DÂ�ò��Tò��å�ã�à ë��Rá$â îJ: òà ß"éjÞ�á$ë"à�ó�ß"é þ���ì�ì�ò>Ý ¶ ò ¶ m �ó Ý ¶ ò ¶ m Æ ò

ö ¨ Í�÷7�5ò3�1ë�ß"é���ë"à���ÛE�Iå�ç#â�á�í�à�â�ê�è#à ë�à é�ê7ß"å$â3Û(ß"âb�5ù�è>æ/ú�ý;ý��EýEì{ò#=$ýQû ÿ=í�ü²ýQègù$û���ü�ýQýTú>ÿ=í²ù�íeü²ýQèJ�à î è�ò&�5ò�� 8á$é��$�gÂ�ò9��òJ��å�ã�à ë���á$â î�: òzÃ�ß"éjÞ�á$ë�à�ó�ß�é þ���ì�ì�ò>Ý ¶ ò º m �ó Ý ¶ ò º m ô ò

ö ¨ � ÷õ��ò ñ ç#à�ä�à â�è�ê7à�ê#ê7à���Û " á$â3� ó ø�á�è#à î è&à ë�à é�ê#ß"å�â@� Û�ß�â£�5ù�è>æ/ú�ý;ý�� ýEìÕò#=$ýQû ÿ=í�ü²ýQègù$û���ü�ýQýþçú>ÿ=í²ù�í�ü²ýQèJ��à î è�ò��5ò�� 8á$é��$�gÂ�ò9�Tò3�zå$ã�à ë���á$â î@: òzà ß�éjÞ�á$ë�à�ó�ß"é�þ���ì�ì�ò>Ý ¶ ò ô m �ó Ý ¶ ò ô m ¨ ò