Global Opportunities for Engineers and S & T Professionals By Dr T.H. Chowdary * Director, Center for Telecom Management & Studies * Chairman, Pragna Bharati (Intellect India), AP * Former Information Technology Adviser, Government of A.P Chairman & Managing Director Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd., Bombay T: +91 (40) 2784-6137/6667-1191(O) F: +91 (40) 2789-6103/6667-1111 (O) [email protected]Talk @ Nalanda:Vijayawada on 12 Sept 2008
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Global Opportunities for Engineers and S & T Professionals By Dr T.H. Chowdary * Director, Center for Telecom Management & Studies * Chairman, Pragna Bharati.
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Global Opportunities for Engineers and S & T
Professionals
By
Dr T.H. Chowdary* Director, Center for Telecom Management & Studies
* Chairman, Pragna Bharati (Intellect India), AP* Former Information Technology Adviser, Government of A.P
Year Population % of the Poor1820 1.1 billion 85%1980 5 billion 30%2000 6 billion 20%2007 6.5 billion 18%
THC_CTMS S394 Sep 2008 4
Period GDP POP PCI YRS
1951 to 2000
3.5 2.8 0.7 70
2004-07
9.0 1.8 7.2 10
Growth of GDP; Population;
Per Capita Income (PCI) &
Years for doubling PCI
•Lesson from China: Control population during period of growth [JRD’s advice to Nehru in 1950s dismissed.]
•BPL ratio is the index: in India it came down from 70% in the 1950s to
about 30% now [BPL ratio in A P is 85% according to white ration cards & increasing.]
THC_CTMS S394 Sep 2008 5
Agri Industry Service
Developed <5% 25 70
Developing 30 to 40 20 to 25 35 to 50
India 21 24 55
Content of GDP (Figs. in %)
THC_CTMS S394 Sep 2008 6
The Earth is Flat –Thomas Friedman
• 2.5 bln, educated, low wage people added to work in the global economy after the Collapse of the Berlin wall ( 9-11-1989) and the USSR’s empire (1991)
• Service occupations opened to competition by emergence of digital economy and the global spread of broad-band
• Out-sourcing; Off-shoring; Not only software, BPO but also KPO!
• Out-ward looking international economic policy-relations with trade/market partners
• Bold and sustained political support for education; S&T & Entrepreneurship
THC_CTMS S394 Sep 2008 7
Science & Engineering Education
• India has 12.1 mln science grads & diploma holders ( 14% in A P highest in India; 2nd Tamilnadu; 3rd Maharastra)
• 10 mln age group ( 17 to 22) in the Universities• Population with 10th/12 class study
1991 200469.7 mln (8.2%) 246.9mln (23%)
• Graduates & above1991 2004
20.5 mln (2.4%) 48.7 mln (4.5%)• About 24% of graduates are in sciences• Of about 10 mln P.Gs in 2004 - 20% are in
sciences
THC_CTMS S394 Sep 2008 8
Engineering & Business Professionals / year
Engineers* MBAs MCAs
450,000 80,000 60,000
* About 100,000 are ICT-related
THC_CTMS S394 Sep 2008 9
How Equipped is India for Higher Education
Country Population
(million)
No of Uni-versities
To be on par with the country of comparison; Varsities India needs to have
Korea 45 120 3000 Israel 6 10 1700 Lesotho 2 2 1000
UK 50 170 3400
USA 280 1700 6100
India 1000 310 ---- Australia 18 39 2200 China 1200 1000 850
*Suggest: Begin having a University for each District* Every Private Engineering College should be required to grow into a University within 8 years of wind up.•Corporates to found.fund ‘Varsities’.•In India we have 8.8 mln. or 5% of the young in the age group 18 to 23 yrs. in Universities
THC_CTMS S394 Sep 2008 10
S &T Personnel(per 1000 persons)
Country Scientists Skilled Personnel Japan 110 7.1
Israel 76 5.9
USA 55 4
Korea 45.9 2.9
Brazil 25.9 0.2
China 8.1 0.6
India 3.6 0.3
THC_CTMS S394 Sep 2008 11
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
01980 1990 2000
Number of Research Papers Published
India China South Korea Israel Brazil
Years
No.
of
Pap
ers
Sou
rce:
Bus
ines
s W
orld
, 30
Jan
2006
Quality of Education (1)
THC_CTMS S394 Sep 2008 121975 1975 1999
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
500
0
Number of PHD Degrees in Engineering
India China South Korea Japan Taiwan
Sou
rce:
Bus
ines
s W
orld
, 30
Jan
2006
Years
No.
of
Deg
ree s
Quality of Education (2)
THC_CTMS S394 Sep 2008 13
Knowledge Production- China
Total Exp/student on Higher education Ex R&D on PPP basis
USA DK Aus UK Fra FRG Spain Mexico
21 11 9 8 7.5 7.0 6.8 5
Doctorates awarded by China
1990 1995 2000 2002 2003
2 4.5 11.5 15 18
Source: Economist, Sept 10, 2005
THC_CTMS S394 Sep 2008 14
Brain Gain in Developed Countries
Brain Gain: Stock of highly skilled immigrants (mln)
B.Sc) trained in Ameringlish; imparted computer & Internet skills
• Satyam (Hyderabad HQ) outsourced its own internal work (pay-roll, accounting; travel; training; MIS
• Satisfied,work from abroad moved to villages
THC_CTMS S394 Sep 2008 29
Work taken to Villages: GramIT (2)
• Broad-band telecom (optical fiber) 512 kbps extended from point of presence (POP) to work-site by PMP wireless
• Called Gram ITs, these offer transaction processing services (accounting, bulk mlng; records digitisation, reminder and follow-up and travel support).
• A whole Gram IT can be dedicated to a customer (like twinning of cities across continents; city [email protected] twinning)
THC_CTMS S394 Sep 2008 30
Work taken to Villages: GramIT (3)
• Gram IT-team contributed part of profits for village development scheme designed by them – Independent and local initiative
• Rural Pressure group to demand and get quality infrastructure and services such as roads, retailing, education, health
THC_CTMS S394 Sep 2008 31
Social Impact of Gram IT
• Reverse migration ( 5% within 6 months)
• Educated house-wives (lost resource) join work force (no travel)-20% now
• Un-married girls: better spouses
THC_CTMS S394 Sep 2008 32
India’s English Speaking Advantage
This is an excerpt from an essay written by a candidate from Bihar in the UPSC (IAS) examination. We are informed that the candidate has passed the exam:
The cow is a successful animal. Also he is 4 footed, and because he is female, he give milks, ( but will do so when he is got child). He is same like God, sacred to Hindus and useful to man. But he has got four legs together. Two are forward and two are afterwards. His whole body can be utilised for use. More so the milk. Milk comes from 4 taps attached to his basement. His motion is slow only because he is of lazy species. Also his other motion (gobar) is much useful to trees, plants and as well as for making flat cakes ( like pizza), in hand, and drying in the sun. His only attacking and defending organ is the horns, specially so when he is got child.
- (Contributed by Vipin Buckshey, New Delhi, H.T 31.1.04)
THC_CTMS S394 Sep 2008 33
Improvements We Need (1/2)
• We need great teachers 70% of living Nobel Laureates are teaching in the top 50 US Universities
• Quality of education; learning; creativity; analytical & communication abilities
• Examination talent X Knowledge talent• Competition among colleges & universities• Private Universities – Government to back off• End the farce of “minority” colleges
THC_CTMS S394 Sep 2008 34
Improvements We Need (2/2)
• Great companies, not MLAs, Real-estate men to found colleges & varsities
• Post graduation/ Research & work for a few years in the top six of the OECD countries
• Markets/Clients abroad• Wealth creation here & jobs for Indians• MIT graduates founded 4,000 companies, created 1.1mln jobs, generated sales of $232 bln
(Rs. 10,43,000 crores)
THC_CTMS S394 Sep 2008 35
Foolish Questions
• Are we producing cyber-coolies
• West exploiting Indian talents & profiteering
• Digital Divide: Rich-poor gap between nations & within India
THC_CTMS S394 Sep 2008 36
Bharat Mahan !!Indians in the US
• There are 3.22 Million Indians in America• 38% of Doctors in America are Indians.• 12% of Scientists in America are Indians.• 36% of NASA employees are Indians.• 34% of MICROSOFT employees are Indians.• 28% of IBM employees are Indians• 17% of INTEL employees are Indians.• 13% of XEROX employees are Indians.