GLOBAL ISSUES GLOBAL ISSUES Poverty Food Access Environmental Pollution Population Growth Control Population Produce More Food Increase Productivity Minimize Losses Increase Area Technological Changes • Biological • Chemical • Hydrological • Mechanical
34
Embed
GLOBAL ISSUESunapcaem.org/Activities Files/A08/CHINA.pdf · Year Reaper Groundnut Digger Groundnut Thresher Planter Zero-Till Drill Sunflower Thresher Total Budget 1985 12.86 0.92
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
GLOBAL ISSUESGLOBAL ISSUES
Poverty Food Access Environmental Pollution
Population Growth
Control Population Produce More Food
Increase Productivity Minimize LossesIncrease Area
1. Research & Development (R&D)2. Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing
i. Tractorsii. Implements/Machines
3. Testing & Evaluation4. Standardization5. Limited Use of Farm Implements6. In-efficient Use of Farm Machinery
Problem Statement
Problem Synthesis
Technology Search
Options No Option
Test & Trial
Adaptation
Design Parameter
Field Demonstration
Testing & Evaluation
Prototype Development
Feasible?
Manufacturer’s Selection
Local Manufacturing
No No
Yes
Farm Machinery R&D ProcessFarm Machinery R&D Process
Research & Development (R&D)Research & Development (R&D)
• Confined in public sector• Non-existent in private sector
R&D Institutes in Public Sector• Farm Machinery Institute (FMI), Islamabad• Agricultural Mechanization Research Institute (AMRI),
Multan• Faculties of Agricultural Engineering, Universities of
Agriculture, Faisalabad and Tandojam• Agricultural Engineering Department, University of
Engineering & Technology, Peshawar
R&D Sector IssuesR&D Sector Issues• Scattered and work in isolation • Top down approach• Limited manpower and facilities• Non-existing R&D in private sector mainly due to
copying of their products and little awareness about registration
• Review & evaluation of research work is subjective rather than objective
• R&D activities - concentrated in mechanizing crop production.
• Very little effort in post-harvest technologies, livestock mechanization, renewable energy resources
TRACTORSTRACTORSFirms licensed for manufacturing of following makes &
models:• Massey Ferguson (MF-240, MF-265, MF-375)• Fiat (Fiat-480 & Fiat-640)• Belarus (MTZ-50, UMZ-6AM) – No more in business• Ford (3600, 4600) – No more in business• IMT (540 & 560) – No more in business
Implements / Machines – Issues• Poor workshop layouts• Lack of managerial, engineering and technical manpower• Poor designs• Improper manufacturing techniques• Lack of availability of quality raw material, components
such as gears, sprockets etc.• Lack of finance & marketing skills• Non-awareness about standards; Non-availability of
standards in Urdu and their enforcement
Testing & EvaluationTesting & Evaluation
WHY?• Desired to maintain quality of locally produced
agricultural machinery• Assess suitability of imported machinery• Trade facilitation through accreditation
ISSUESISSUES• Testing of farm machinery before selling to farmers is
almost non-existent• No instrumentation & test facilities with manufacturers• Public sector (FMI & AMRI) has limited test facilities• Lack of technicians for instrumentation
StandardizationStandardizationWHY?WHY?
• Interchangeability• Reduction in variety of components• Performance criteria• A common basis for testing & describing• Increased efficiency of engineering efforts in
design & production• Design data• A sound basis for codes, legislation, education
StandardizationStandardization
• Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority (PSQCA) – Apex organization responsible for formulation of standards
• Developed farm machinery standards but of little use to local manufacturers because of:• Their non-availability in Urdu• No legislation for enforcement of standards particularly
of safety aspects• Non-awareness of farmers on importance of standards
and test reports of products being sold by manufacturers
Reasons for Limited Use of Reasons for Limited Use of Farm ImplementsFarm Implements
• Expensive and seasonal use• Low purchasing power• Insufficient credit facilities• Poor skill of farmers• Little efforts in creating awareness amongst the
farming community• Non-availability of high tech machines through
rental services
Reasons for InReasons for In--efficient Use of efficient Use of Farm MachineryFarm Machinery
• Insufficient training facilities for operators of tractors & Implements
• Non-existence of govt. regulation to operate farm machines particularly the sprayer without operator license
• Lack of standardization and safety regulations• Poorly equipped repair workshops
FARM MACHINERY INSTITUTEFARM MACHINERY INSTITUTE
FARM MECHANIZATIONFARM MECHANIZATIONFORFOR
SELFSELF--RELIANCE & QUALITY LIVINGRELIANCE & QUALITY LIVING
by fosteringby fostering sustainable enhancement in sustainable enhancement in productivity of agricultural production resources productivity of agricultural production resources
through farm machinerythrough farm machinery•• Development/adaptationDevelopment/adaptation
RESEARCH FOCUSRESEARCH FOCUSPost Harvest EngineeringPost Harvest Engineering
Mobile Seed Processing UnitMobile Seed Processing UnitSolar Date Drying SystemSolar Date Drying SystemDrill for Fertilizer Banding in WheatDrill for Fertilizer Banding in Wheat
Trainings Organized for:Trainings Organized for:• Engineers in testing & evaluation of farm machinery• Extension Officers and farmers in operation, repair and
maintenance of farm machinery
Technical Assistance:Technical Assistance:• Provided to manufacturers in manufacture of FMI
developed technologies
Policy Input:Policy Input:• Input provided to Government in formulation of farm