GLOBAL ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING AND …978-0-387-35412-5/1.pdf · Automated Management of Quality Control System for Network ... Standardised Model Data Exchange for Dispersed Systems

GLOBAL ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING AND ENTERPRISE NElWORKS

IFIP - The International Federation for Information Processing

IFIP was founded in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO, following the First World Computer Congress held in Paris the previous year. An umbrella organization for societies working in information processing, IPIP's aim is two-fold: to support information processing within its member countries and to encourage technology transfer to developing nations. As its mission statement clearly states,

IFIP's mission is to be the leading, truly international, apolitical organization which encourages and assists in the development, exploitation and application of information technology for the benefit of all people.

IFIP is a non-profitmaking organization, run almost solely by 2500 volunteers. It operates through a number of technical committees, which organize events and publications. IPIP's events range from an international congress to local seminars, but the most important are:

• The IFIP World Computer Congress, held every second year; • open conferences; • working conferences.

The flagship event is the IFIP World Computer Congress, at which both invited and contributed papers are presented. Contributed papers are rigorously refereed and the rejection rate is high.

As with the Congress, participation in the open conferences is open to all and papers may be invited or submitted. Again, submitted papers are stringently refereed.

The working conferences are structured differently. They are usually run by a working group and attendance is small and by invitation only. Their purpose is to create an atmosphere conducive to innovation and development. Refereeing is less rigorous and papers are subjected to extensive group discussion.

Publications arising from IFIP events vary. The papers presented at the IFIP World Computer Congress and at open conferences are published as conference proceedings, while the results of the working conferences are often published as collections of selected and edited papers.

Any national society whose primary activity is in information may apply to become a full member of IFIP, although full membership is restricted to one society per country. Full members are entitled to vote at the annual General Assembly, National societies preferring a less committed involvement may apply for associate or corresponding membership. Associate members enjoy the same benefits as full members, but without voting rights. Corresponding members are not represented in IFIP bodies. Affiliated membership is open to non-national societies, and individual and honorary membership schemes are also offered.

GLOBAL ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING AND ENTERPRISE NETWORKS

IFIP TC5 WG5.3/5.7/5.12 Fourth International Working Conference on the Design of Information Infrastructure Systems for Manufacturing (DIISM 2000) November 15-17, 2000, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Edited by

John P.T. Mo Laszlo Nemes Oivision of Manufacturing Science and Technology Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisatian (CSIRO) Australia

SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

IFIP TC5 WG5.3/5.7 International Working Conference on the Design oflnformation Systems for Manufacturing (4th : 2000: Melbourne, Vic.)

Global engineering, manufacturing and enterprise networks : IFIP TC5 WG5.3/5.7/5.12 Fourth International Working Conference on the Design of Infonnation Infrastructure Systems for Manufacturing (DIISM 2000), November 15-17,2000, Melboume, Victoria, Australia / edited by John P.T. Mo, Laszlo Nemes.

p. cm. - (International Federation for Information Processing ; 63) lncludes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4757-1012-0 ISBN 978-0-387-35412-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-35412-5

1. Production engineering-Congresses. 1. Mo, John P.T. II. Nemes, L. III. Title. IV. International Federation for Information Processing (Series); 63.

TS5 .135 2000 670' .285-dc21

Copyright © 2001 by Springer Science+Business Media New York

2001029436

OriginalIy published by International Federation for Information Processing in 2001

AII rights reserved. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photo-copying, record­ing, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Printed on acid-free paper.

Contents

Preface ............................................................................................................ x

Foreword by the Conference Chairman .................................................. xii

Foreword by the Chairman of International Program Committee ....... xiv

PART ONE Keynote .................................................................................... 1

Accessing Corporate Memory - Some Knowledge Structure Concepts Ronald C Beckett ................................................................................................ 2

PART TWO Virtual Enterprises .............................................................. 17

Virtual Enterprise Architecture and its Supporting MethodslTools for Managing Supply Chain System Life Cycle Yoichi Kamio, Eiichi Yamamoto, Kazuo Morita, Yoshiro Fukuda, Yasuyuki Nishioka ...... 18 Flexible Infrastructure for Virtual Enterprises A.T.M Aerts, N.B. Szirbik, JB.M Goossellaerts ...................................................... 26 Assessing Ability to Execute in Virtual Enterprises Roelof J van den Berg, Martin Trolle .................................................................... 38 Project-specific Process Configuration in Virtual Enterprises c. Rupprecht, T. Rose, E. van Halm, A. Zwegers .................................................... .46 Functional Requirements for Inter-enterprise Intranet Services A.S. Kazi, M Hannus ........................................................................................ 54 The Architecture of an Internet-based Virtual Industrial Community Mingwei Zhou ................................................................................................. 61 From Single Enterprises to Complementary Networks E.h. Hans-Peter Wiendahl, Arne Ellgelbrecht, Oliver Hamacher ................................. 66

PART THREE Modelling and Analysis of Virtual Enterprises ............ 74

Use ofGERAM as Basis for a Virtual Enterprise Framework Model J Vesterager, P. Bernus, L.B. Larsell, JD. Pedersen, M. Tolle .................... ............... 75

The Component-oriented Approach towards Complex Product Development Fujun Wang, JohnJ Mills .................................................................................. 83 Supporting Partner Selection for Virtual Enterprises Jens DaM Pedersen, Roelof J van den Berg ........................................................... 95 Specifying Interactions in Integrated Manufacturing Systems David Flater .................................................................................................. 103 Modelling Semiosis of Design v. V. Kryssanov, JB.M. Goossenaerts ................................................................. 111 Modelling for Designing, Managing and Improving Virtual Enterprises in One-of-a-kind Business Lauri Koskela, Abdul Samad Kazi, Matti Hannus ................... '" ............................ 119 An Adaptive Process Management System (APMS) Christopher Menzel, Perakath Benjamin ............................................................. 128 Modelling Requirements for Self-integrating Manufacturing Systems Peter Denno .................................................................................................. 137

PART FOUR Supply Chain Management ............................................. 145

Ergonomic Concerns in Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems and Its Implementations Ram R. Bishu, Brian M. Kleiner, Colin G. Drury ................................................... 146 Low-cost System for Supply Chain Management K. Furst, T. Schmidt ........................................................................................ 156 A Booking Type Production System as a Collaboration Method for Virtual Enterprises Y. Nishioka, Y. Kamio, K. Kawashima, Y. Fukuda ................................................. 164 Collaborative Design Procedure for Supply Chain Process Integration UsingUML Francis E. Plonka, Mohammed S. Ahmed, Dan Carnahan ...................................... 173 Agent-based Architecture for Flexible Lean Cell Design, Analysis and Evaluation T.E. Potok, N.D. Ivezic, N.F. Samatova ............................................................... 181

VI

Supply Chain Business System Reference Model: A Business Process Description Using IDEFO Shigeki Umeda, Hu Bin .............. ...................................................................... 189

PART FIVE e-Commerce and e-Service ................................................ 197

B2B E-Commerce Infrastructure Using Agents and Standards - A Potential Impact Analysis and Architecture N. Ivezic, L. Fong, Y. Peng, T. Rhodes ................................................................ 198 A Web-based Bidding Workbench for Global Manufacturing Mingwei Zhou, Jeffrey Zheng, Angela Williams, Bob Alexander .... ........................... 206 Web-based maintenance manual with three-dimensional simulation model K. Morita, K. Kawashima, Y. Fukuda ................................................................. 212 e-Service for Complex Technical Products - a New Approach for Supporting Life-cycle Services s. Biirkner, H.-P. Wiendahl .............................................................................. 220 Automated Management of Quality Control System for Network Enterprise J.P.T. Mo ...................................................................................................... 228 Neo-kaizen Applications on the Generic Operations Support and Renewal K. Mori, N. Yoshikawa, K. Morita, T. Kimura, H. Goto, M. Asamori, Y. Kamio, Y.

Fukuda ........................................................................................................ 236

PART SIX Product Development and Life Cycle Management .......... 244

Towards Information and Knowledge in Product Realization Infrastructures John J. Mills, Jan Goossenaerts ...... ................................................................... 245 Requirements on Product Information Management in the Sales and Service Life-cycle Phases of a Plant K. Jansson, l. Karvonen, l. Salkari, M. Ollus ........................................................ 255 A VR-based CAD System J.M. Zheng, K.W. Chan, l. Gibson ...................................................................... 264 Dependencies Between Design Product Models and Simulation Models Reiner Anderl, Sven Kleiner .............................................................................. 275 A Manufacturing Information Infrastructure to Link Team Based Design to Global Manufacture R.l.M.Young, J.M. Dorador, J.Zhao, W.M.Cheung ................................................ 283 Non-destructive Tracing of a Product Life Cycle Through Geometry Extraction from Radiographs J. Hefele, R. D. Bolton ..................................................................................... 291

vii

Planning for Manufacturing - Managing Connective Designs and Asymmetric Designer Knowledge in Product Consortia Martti Meri ................................................................................................... 298 Product Modelling and Rationale Capture in Design Process J.P.T. Mo ...................................................................................................... 306 Agent Design for LeC Information Gathering T. l. Zhang. H. C. Jiang. E. A. Kendall ................................................................ 313 Information Technology and Telecommunication Infrastructure: Network Applications for Hong Kong Business and Service A. A. Shabayek. Kin-man Wan ........................................................................... 322

PART SEVEN Knowledge Management ............................................... 331

Background and Foreground Knowledge in knowledge management J. Zheng. M. Zhou. J. Mo. A. Tharumarajah ......................................................... 332 Standardised Model Data Exchange for Dispersed Systems Engineering Design Teams David Harris ................................................................................................. 340 Knowledge Creation at FORTUM Engineering P. Valikangas. A.S. Kazi. J. Puttonen. M Sulkusalmi. M. Hannus ............................. 352 Formal Ontology for Participative Simulation J.B.M Goossenaerts, C. Pelletier, C. Reyneri, R.J. van den Berg .............................. 3 60 Managing Technical Documentation for Large Defence Projects: Engineering Corporate Knowledge William P. Hall .............................................................................................. 370 AGORA: An Integrated Knowledge Management Environment P.M Chrissohoos, M.P. Anastasiou, l.P. Kouranos. N.N. Kalogeropoulou" M.P.

Aslani .......................................................................................................... 379

PART EIGHT Information Technologies for Manufacturing ............. 387

A Multi-agent Based Information Infrastructure for Manufacturing Manas R. Patra, Richard Moore ........................................................................ 388 A Cost Estimation Tool Integrated into FIPER David Koonce, Robert Judd, Thomas Keyser ........................................................ 396 Collaboration and Application Integration: Distributed Design with Virtual CAD P. Bertok, J.P.T. Mo, S. Woodman ..................................................................... 403 World Wide Web Adapted Geometric Model in the Context of Functional Design F. Danesi. C. Dartigues. Y. Gardan. E. Perrin ...................................................... 411

viii

Moving XML to a Manufacturing Enterprise Paul Lau, Jasper Wong, Edward Cheung ............................................................ 419 Manufacturing Enterprise Integration Using Simulation Software to Coordinate Budget Planning E.J Colville .................................................................................................. 429

PART NINE Computer Integrated Manufacturing ............................. .437

An Expert System for Plasma Cutting Process Quality Prediction and Optimal Parameter Suggestion Sam Y. S. Yang .............................................................................................. 438 A Computation and Control Architecture of Virtual Manufacturing Shop Zhiming Wu .................................................................................................. 446 Managing the Flow of Information on the Factory Floor Docki Saraswati, Sumiharni Batubara, Reny Mulyadi, Amelia Mulyadi ..................... .455 Holonic Architecture for Shop-floor Control A. Tharumarajah, S. Walsh ............................................................................... 463 Software Technology for Design System Integration P. Bertok, JP.T. Mo ........................................................................................ 472 Agility Through Design - The Holonic Multi-cell Control System (HoMuCS) Architecture J Schnell, G. Langer, C. Sorensen ..................................................................... 480 Implementation of a Layer Structured Control System on the 'Glue Logic' Masayuki Takata, Eiji Arai ............................................................................... 488

ix

Preface

The availability of effective global communication facilities in the last decade has changed the business goals of many manufacturing enterprises. They need to remain competitive by developing products and processes which are specific to individual requirements, completely packaged and manufactured globally. Networks of enterprises are formed to operate across time and space with world-wide distributed functions such as manufacturing, sales, customer support, engineering, quality assurance, supply chain management and so on. Research and technology development need to address architectures, methodologies, models and tools supporting intra- and inter-enterprise operation and management. Throughout the life cycle of products and enterprises there is the requirement to transform information sourced from globally distributed offices and partners into knowledge for decision and action.

Building on the success of previous DrrSM conferences (Tokyo 1993, Eindhoven 1996, Fort Worth 1998), the fourth International Conference on Design of Information Infrastructure Systems for Manufacturing (DrrSM 2000) aims to: • Establish and manage the dynamics of virtual enterprises, define the

information system requirements and develop solutions; • Develop and deploy information management in multi-cultural systems

with universal applicability of the proposed architecture and solutions; • Develop enterprise integration architectures, methodologies and

information infrastructure support for reconfigurable enterprises; • Explore information transformation into knowledge for decision and

action by machine and skilful people; These objectives reflect changes of the business processes due to advancements of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the last couple of years.

DrrSM 2000 has attracted a large number of contributors. All proposed abstracts were considered by the Organising Committee before accepted for presentation of the full paper. Each full paper was reviewed in a confidential reviewing process by three of the forty members of the International Program Committee (JPC). For a paper to be accepted, the paper must be accepted by at least 2 reviewers. We would like to thank the Chairman of JPC, Prof. John Mills, Dr. Jan Goossenaerts and members of JPC who worked hard to ensure the quality of the papers.

A total of 56 papers were accepted for presentation and are included in this book. These papers describe the state-of-the-art development in information infrastructure systems with strong emphasis on the applications to manufacturing. We are very pleased to see a wide variety of application areas being tackled by authors in DIISM 2000.

This book is divided into nine parts. Part 1 features the keynote of the conference on corporate knowledge issues by Mr. Ron Beckett, a senior executive in industry. Vast amount of information can be generated by computers nowadays but these data would not be useful unless they are organised and retained in the company. Rapid changes in virtual enterprises make it difficult for companies to maintain a consistent knowledge base for supporting their businesses.

Part 2 explores the nature of virtual enterprises and their operating characteristics. This provides an understanding of how business is changing by the application of lCT. To understand the virtual enterprises from a theoretical point of view, Part 3 introduces methodologies on the modelling and analysis of virtual enterprises.

Supply chain management involves the logistics and management of supplies with developed products and services. It is a subset of virtual enterprises issues and is discussed in Part 4. Part 5 explores the latest e­Commerce and e-Service business activities and discusses some of the potential application models.

Virtual enterprises are formed when there is a business opportunity. In manufacturing environment, product development and knowledge management is critical to the success of a company. Part 6 discusses various aspects of product development and life cycle issues.

In Part 7, we elaborate further on the issues of knowledge management. Contributions in the topics of knowledge models, ontology, enterprise knowledge creation, capturing and software systems are useful references.

Part 8 is devoted to contributions with new developments in information technologies for supporting information infrastructure systems in manufacturing. Papers in Part 9 describe systems and work in integrating manufacturing activities at a more traditional CIM level.

Dr John P.T. Mo Project Manager Global Manufacturing CSIRO Manufacturing Science and Technology

Dr Laszlo Nemes, FTSE R&DManager Manufacturing Systems and Automation CSIRO Manufacturing Science and Technology

xi

Foreword by the Conference Chairman

Very few countries need the more advanced information infrastructure for manufacturing than Australia. The country's population is concentrated in five major cities 800-4000 km apart. The remaining 39% of its people are living in small towns scattered across an area roughly equivalent to that of the USA. Manufacturing industries want to serve these markets effectively in timely manner. As customers change their expectations, producers need to adapt themselves quickly since suppliers have to accommodate their products to the wishes of the purchasers.

In the present world of complex supply chains, Australian component suppliers are linked to many overseas companies. To enhance the operational agility and global networking capabilities of Australian manufacturing firms they need tools and methodologies for enterprise management, cooperative planning, concurrent engineering, adaptable production automation, decision support, and interaction protocols for operating as "virtual" organisations. Fast and reliable communication is essential. Complex application programs are required to communicate data, information and knowledge both ways for the benefit of increased businesses.

Globalisation of manufacturing will require many companies, particularly Australian SMEs, to focus on providing one or more specific core capabilities within global alliances. Australian industry must be able to participate in these virtual enterprises in response to the continual dynamics of global market opportunities. Of critical interest for them will be design of the extended enterprise, network information management, computer supported collaborative work, scheduling and coordination, and the robustness, stability, and optimisation performance of the supply networks.

More than ever, operating conditions will be characterised by frequent change in product, process, market, or supply and distribution networks. Success therefore also demands well-coordinated agility in all internal aspects of an enterprise. For such agility, aspects of critical importance are techniques for rapid product development, adaptable production systems, and the related information and decision support systems. These issues identify many important research areas.

Understanding the behaviour and performance of highly dynamic distributed enterprise networks and characterising the influences of key factors. This will provide fundamental insights into the most appropriate architecture on which to base such enterprises, as well as the decision

support requirements for the management of complete supply network life cycles. Performance metrics are needed for, and stability of, distributed system control in dynamic environments. Coordination protocols, control mechanisms, risk assessment and algorithms are needed for conflict resolution in a global dynamic environment.

Studying the theoretical foundation for robust agent-based manufacturing systems. We need characterisation of manufacturing domains receptive to an agent-based approach. We have to identify potential advantages and develop migration strategies from legacy systems to distributed manufacturing.

Industry demands corporate knowledge management systems. One focus here is the integration of information along the supply chain. This is crucial for cooperative decision making and inter-enterprise resource management to provide high quality global customer support, service and problem resolution. A complementary requirement is to underpin the full range of decision support needs associated with supply network life cycles.

I am sure many of you can add topics to this list. This conference has highlighted some of these problems and it is an important step in sharing knowledge in many very important areas. As the outcome of this conference, this proceeding represents a major milestone in research and application for information infrastructure for manufacturing.

Dr Laszlo Nemes, FTSE R&DManager Manufacturing Systems and Automation CSIRO Manufacturing Science and Technology

xiii

Foreword by the Chairman of International Program Committee

The 4th International Conference on the Design of Information Infrastructure Systems for Manufacturing - or DnSM 2000 for short -continues the tradition started in Tokyo in 1994 and continuing every two years in Eindhoven, The Netherlands, Fort Worth, USA and now Melbourne, Australia. The intent of the originators of the conference series was to evaluate and demonstrate current activities, progress and results in the development of infrastructures supporting the creation and management of information in manufacturing in the large.

The aim of this conference was to extend the understanding and agreement about design methods, models, modelling languages, reference frameworks, novel implementation approaches (e.g. agents), services and architectures for information infrastructure systems for global and multi cultural manufacturing. This is a rapidly changing domain, with new developments being announced almost weekly.

The papers in this volume, reviewed by the International Program Committee and revised by the authors address the issues in the following areas: • Establishment and management of the dynamics of inter and intra­

enterprises for the support of global and multi-cultural manufacturing and engineering;

• Modelling and co-ordination of information system requirements and development of solutions for virtual and extended enterprises;

• Current and potential enterprise integration architectures, models, implementations, methodologies and information infrastructure support for extended and virtual enterprises; and

• Knowledge in Manufacturing and how information is related to and transformed into knowledge; The papers in this volume address issues in areas ranging from highly

theoretical topics such as semiosis, knowledge and its representation, and intelligent and autonomous agents to practical experiences with introducing and implementing existing technologies such as CORBA, XML and expert systems for production operations. Information infrastructures for virtual and extended enterprises were discussed in some detail, but no conclusions about standard models or methodologies were reached. A number of papers cover progress in international proj ects such as Globemen, and HUMACSIPSIM, facilitating interchange of ideas within these projects and

with others outside of the projects. The excellent quality of the papers is a reflection of the hard work and dedication of the IPC to whom I am much in debt. The overall field continues to be dynamic and the conference achieved not only the goals of the current organizers, but the intent of the originators of the series.

The next DIISM conference is already in the planning stages under the outstanding leadership ofDr Arai of Os aka University.

John J. Mills, Ph.D. Chairman, the International Program Committee

xv