Global energy consumption & Alternative technologies A presentation by Harald Ibele GeoSolNC, LLC
May 12, 2015
Global energy consumption &
Alternative technologiesA presentation by
Harald IbeleGeoSolNC, LLC
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Notes and Disclaimer
Infineon Presentation at Napa KGD September 2008Wikipedia
Various other sources, credits on most pages, though not allDue to the variety of data available, especially concerning pie charts dealing with
energy consumption allocation, the author has taken a somewhat conservative approach and used average values. Actual values vary depending on actual
location, quality of construction, size of family and personal habits.The author does not make any claims to the absolute correctness of all information
contained herein nor to the completeness. This presentation is solely an attempt to show the capabilities and availability of
different technologies, techniques and trends available at the time of writing.Author assumes no liability for damages caused by relying on this information and
encourages the reader to perform their own additional research.Corrections and suggestions for improvement are welcome.
Please do not re-print, save paper. You are invited to spread this freely via e-mail though.
Happy reading.
Harald IbeleIndian Trail NCFebruary 2009
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Overview
• Current consumption of energy• Residential energy consumption• Ways to reduce energy consumption• Overview of available technologies:– Solar PV– Solar Thermal– Geo Thermal– Other– Government support
• Q&A/open discussion
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Dwindling
Dwindling resources require efficient energy management.
• Dwindling energy resources combined with growth in electrical energy demand of 2.4% p.a. worldwide forces us to use energy wisely.
• Saving energy is becoming a standard issue for al industrial, commercial and household applications.
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Pollution
Higher pollution, emissions and potential damage to the climate require "clean" solutions.
• Pollution, along with environmental and climate protection have become global concerns.
• Reducing pollution by minimizing energy wastage is becoming a standard requirement for all areas of life.
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
International energy actions
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Energy use by Type 1970 - 2025
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
US Energy Consumption
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Where is energy used in US?
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Efficency
• Burn Coal to heat water to drive turbine to generate electricity:
• Coal 31% efficient/Oil 36-40%• Transmission line loss 7.2%• Take electricity to heat up water in electric
water heater 90%(60% gas) efficient
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Where can we safe?
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Where does my money goes?
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Where can we save?
Where can we save? Costs
Do-it-yourself efficiency improvements (10-30%) $
Heating/Cooling (60%) $$$
Hot Water (60%) $$
Lighting (75%) $
Standby Power and Electronics (50% $
Appliances (20-30%) $$
Modifying Habits, Awareness (10%) Free
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Do-it-yourself efficiency improvements
• Analyze Electric bill for spikes• April / October are the months with least
heating / cooling load, this is the base• Compare bill with utility calculator (i.e. Duke
Power)• Locate Air Leaks and seal (windows, doors)• Check Attic insulation and add• Check ductwork for leaks• Insulate hot water heater and hot water line• Caulk holes on outside of house• Replace incandescent light bulbs with HIGH
QUALITY Compact Fluorescent light bulbs
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Improvement areas
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Blower Door Test
• Testing the air tightness of a home using a special fan (blower door) can help to ensure that air sealing work is effective.
• Often required by energy efficiency incentive programs like DOE,EPA Energy Star Program.
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
IR Inspection
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
World renewable Energy
* GWth** Billion liters/year
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
What is Solar?
• Earth upper atmosphere receives more solar energy in one hour than worldwide energy consumption in one year
• 30% reflected back into space, rest absorbed by clouds, oceans, earth
• 1500W / m2 – 1000W at MSL• 50% of heat (energy) stored in earth’s
upper surface• PV conversion efficiency currently 20%• Experimental 25%• Theoretical limit 29%
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
What is Solar Energy?
• PV – Solar Electric (photovoltaic)• Solar Dish w/ Stirling engine uses
temperature differential to convert energy from heat into mechanical work
• Solar Trough concentrates sunshine to heat liquid, drive steam turbine and harvest electricity
• Solar Tower same as above• Solar is 85 times as efficient as growing
corn for ethanol
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Where is PV installed?
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Solar Dish with Stirling
• Engine uses temperature differential to convert energy from heat into mechanical work
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
PV–Solar Electric (photovoltaic)
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Solar Trough
• concentrates sunshine to heat liquid, • drive steam turbine and harvest
electricity
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Solar Tower with mirrors
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Solar Radiation Map of US
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
World Solar Radiation Map
1TW = 1000GW, 1GW = 1000MW 1MW = 1000KW , 2004 / 14TW
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
How can I use solar?
Direct Solar Sources:• Solar PV for electricity• Solar Thermal for hot water and
hydronicIndirect Solar Sources:• GeoThermal for heating / cooling, hot
water, hydronic
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Solar PV – How it works?
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Photoelectric effect
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Example installation
• 5KW installation with SJC CA 36x165W panels
• 32cents feed-in tariff, 25yr lifespan, 6-8yrs amortization
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Example installation
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Example installation
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Example installation
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Cost for Solar PV
• Relatively expensive +-$4/W• $6-8/W installed• 30% Federal tax credit no cap• 35% State tax credit up to $10,500• 5 yr carryover• out of pocket 35%• Net metering $.19/KWh• Federal loan guarantees
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
What is SolarThermal?
• Systems:– Flat plate collectors– Thermosyphon– Evacuated vacuum tubes
• They all use the greenhouse effect to trap heat and a copper conductor and liquid to transfer the heat
• Electric back-up• 100% Hot water in summer, 60-70%
year-round• Hydronic
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Solar Plate Collector
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
SPC – How it works
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Thermosiphon
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Cost for SolarThermal• Depending on technology• Evacuated tubes most efficient– Summer 1.6x, winter .5x*– Cost 2x– Hotter water– Works on cloudy days, UV
• Depending on size of household +-$6000
• Tax credit up to $3400• Amortize in 3-5 years at no additional
cost• Reduce electric bill +- 15-20%
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Evacuated vacuum tubes
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
EVT – How it works
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
EVT – How it works
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
EVT – How it works
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Hydronic
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Hydronic – How it works
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Cost for Hydronic
• $6-8 per square foot installed• Tax rebates available• Federal 30%, $2000 max• State 35%, $3500 max• Reduces heating expenses by 50%,• Electric bill by 25% in winter, 15% avg
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
What is GeoThermal?
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Geothermal Energy at Home
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
GeoThermal Map of US
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
US Ground temperatures
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Cost for GeoThermal
• $4-6000 per ton• Can be tied into existing HVAC
ductwork• 3.5x as efficient as air heat pump• Reduces heating/cooling bill by 50-
75%• Tax credits available• $2000 Federal, $3500 State
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Additional energy sources
• Wind power• Biomass• Tidal power• Corn ethanol (know as inefficient)• Composting• Recycling
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Overview Government support
• Federal Incentives up to 30% • $2000 on select technologies• No upper limit on PV• NC incentives $1400-$10,500• Utility rebate programs• Loan guarantees
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Outlook
•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:
•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government
•Discussion
Overview:
Questions?
Thank you for your attention!Do you have any questions?