Glides (/w/, /j/) & Liquids (/l/, /r/)
Glides (/w/, /j/) & Liquids (/l/, /r/)Degree of
ConstrictionGreater than vowels Poral slightly greater than
PatmosLess than fricativesPoral for glides/liquids < Poral for
fricativesConstriction lasts ~ 100 msecConstriction results in a
loss in energyweaker formantsTransition ratefaster than the
diphthongsslower than the stopslasts ~ 75-250 msecAssociated with1.
high degree of vocal tract constriction2. articulatory
transitionStephen M. Tasko1/w/Place: labialAcoustics/u/-like
formant frequenciesConstriction formant valuesF1 ~ 330 HzF2 ~ 730
Hzweak F3 (~ 2300 Hz)
VwVF1F2F3100020003000Freq (Hz)Stephen M. Tasko2/j/Place:
palatalAcoustics/i/-like formant frequenciesF1 ~ 300 HzF2 ~ 2200
HzF3 ~ 3000 Hz
VjVF1F2F3
100020003000Freq (Hz)Stephen M. Tasko3/j/VjV
Stephen M. Tasko4Liquids (/l/, /r/)lateral /l/Rhotic /r/Pickett
(1999) considers these consonants glides as wellStephen M.
Tasko5/r/Place: palatalArticulatory phoneticsVariable tongue
positionsbunchedretroflexed
Allophonic VariationsSome suggestdark (CV) very low F3light (VC)
F3 not as lowAcousticsHallmark of /r/ is a low F3F1 ~ 350 HzF2 ~
1050 HzF3 ~ 1550 HzVowels have F3 above 2200 HzVowels around /r/
are colored or F3 values lower than usual
Stephen M. Tasko6/r/VrVF1F2F3
100020003000Freq (Hz)Stephen M. Tasko7Role of F3 transition in
/w/ vs. /r/ perception
Stephen M. Tasko8
/r/ coloring of vowels
// //Stephen M. Tasko9Articulatory Variability and /r/Stephen M.
Tasko10Point parameterized representation
Bunched
Stephen M. Tasko11Point parameterized representation
Retroflexed
Stephen M. Tasko12Between-speaker variationrowJW39 tp004rowJW45
tp004Very common
Stephen M. Tasko13Within-speaker variation: different
contextrowJW37 tp009dormJW37 tp099Common
Stephen M. Tasko14Within-speaker variation: same
contextrightJW37 tp009rightJW37 tp099
Not common, but possible!
Stephen M. Tasko15
N=53 normal speakersNot just two different configurations, but a
whole family of possible configurationFrom Westbury et al.
(1998)Stephen M. Tasko16How can these vastly different tongue
configurations lead to similar acoustic/perceptual
consequences?Stephen M. Tasko17
Stephen M. Tasko18SummaryThere is a wide distribution of
articulatory configurations for /r/
Different articulatory configurations of /r/ are
indistinguishable acoustically and perceptuallyDifferent tongue
configurations can produce equivalent area functionsSome parts of
the area function are more critical than others for determining key
acoustic/perceptual effects
Stephen M. Tasko19Clinical DigressionClinically, /r/ is a
difficult sound for children to learn.
Is there anything from our discussion that might suggest why
this might be the case?Stephen M. Tasko20/l/Place:
alveolarArticulatory phonetics:tongue tip contacts alveolar ridge,
splitting the vocal tractIntroduces antiformants
AcousticsF1 ~ 360 HzF2 ~ 1300 HzF3 ~ 2700 HzF2 is variable and
affected by vowel environmentTransition often looks more abrupt
than other sounds discussedAllophonic variationsLight /l/:CV
environmentDark /l/: VC environment
Stephen M. Tasko21/l/VlVF1F2F3
100020003000Freq (Hz)Stephen M. Tasko22/l/VlV
Stephen M. Tasko23