Adelaide University Gliding Club Inc. Barossa Valley Gliding Club Inc. Glider Pilot Training Book Issue 2.7 January 2014 This is an important document. Bring it with you to the airfield to ensure that the correct training is provided and recorded by your instructor. If found please return to: Name ...................................................................................................................... Address ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... Phone .................................................. GFA Number .................................... Email ......................................................................................................................
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Adelaide University Gliding Club Inc.
Barossa Valley Gliding Club Inc.
Glider Pilot
Training Book
Issue 2.7 January 2014
This is an important document.
Bring it with you to the airfield to ensure that the correct training is provided and recorded by your instructor.
If found please return to:
Name ......................................................................................................................
Aircraft manuals and other AUGC Club documents are available from the AUGC website: http://augc.on.net. GFA documents are available from the Google Drive at: https://drive.google.com/a/glidingaustralia.org/folderview?id=0BzvOakkAvohCQTMwYlZlVFR3TDA&usp=sharing.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Australia License.
AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 Page 3
Welcome New Pilots
This booklet is intended for AUGC & BVGC trainee glider pilots, to be used from the
beginning of your training to the completion of the Glider Pilot Certificate syllabus and
beyond.
This training book has been produced to maximise your benefit from the training you
receive. Whenever you come flying bring this book and your Pilot’s Log Book with you.
It is your responsibility to fill all flights out in your log book. Your instructors will record
your training progress and assess your proficiency in this training book.
This book has the following functions:
to ensure that the complete GPC training syllabus is taught and understood by
you,
for the instructor to record completion of each briefing in your training and
assess your flying proficiency,
to pass information about your training between instructors you fly with,
for you to identify the topic and critical points of the next training and briefing
you will receive,
for you to find and read the relevant section of Basic Gliding Knowledge (BGK)
and other relevant material relating to your next lessons and briefings, and
for you to monitor your own flying progress and proficiency.
Your instructors are all unpaid volunteers who willingly give their time to teach you to
fly. Please feel free to discuss any aspect of flying that you are concerned about with any
instructor and always feel free to ask questions. All members are expected to assist flying
operations through a number of activities. Please offer your assistance to the flying
operation, follow the guidance you are given by others and if in doubt about anything –
ask.
Safe flying
AUGC & BVGC Training Panel
How to Use This Book When you have been briefed and/or had some element of the syllabus demonstrated to
you the instructor will complete the ‘Date Briefed’ column for that part of the
syllabus. Once you have demonstrated proficiency in that element an instructor will
complete the ‘Date Demonstrated’ and the ‘Signed’ columns for that part of the
syllabus. It is not always necessary to demonstrate proficiency in an element before
proceeding to the next. The instructor will progress your training based on your
ability, aircraft availability and the weather conditions on the day.
Purchase or download the Basic Gliding Knowledge (BGK) document from the GFA
website to use as a reference source for past briefings or to prepare for your next
briefing using the references provided in this book.
Always bring this book with you to the airfield when you fly.
Page 4 AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 AUGC Training Manual Issue 2.3
PRE-FLIGHT TRAINING
For Your Safety on the Airfield Always… Follow instructions.
Never walk in front of a glider with its wings level – it may be launching.
Look left, right and up before walking onto or driving over an airstrip.
Keep clear of cables and ropes, especially those being laid out.
Seek advice before driving or walking along any runway.
Learn and practice good judgement and situational awareness.
Smoking on the airfield is not permitted on days of Fire Ban in the SA CFS
Murraylands fire ban district and UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES AT ANY TIME
within 15m of the fuel bunker or aircraft (refer Civil Aviation Order 20.9).
A first-aid kit is available at the launch point pie-cart.
Avoid sunburn and dehydration by:
Applying and reapplying a high SPF sunburn cream.
Always wear a hat.
Wear appropriate high SPF clothing (long sleeves, long pants, good shoes,
sunglasses).
Keep hydrated – drink water/sports drinks.
Seeking shade when it’s not necessary for you to be exposed to the sun.
Be aware of the symptoms of sun/heat stroke in yourself or others. These can
include one or more of:
o Sudden dizziness, weakness, or faintness
o Sudden headache
o Little or no sweating
o Hot and dry skin
o High body temperature, typically 38.9C (102F) or higher
o Rapid heartbeat
o Muscle cramps
o Vomiting
o Coma
Reference: BGK, CH 11 – PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS: DEHYDRATION AND HEAT STRESS/ PROTECTION AGAINST THE SUN, p138-139.
The GFA website is where you can find copies of operational and sporting documents, join or renew your GFA membership and purchase gliding related material.
Page 8 AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 AUGC Training Manual Issue 2.3
Fig. 3 Clearance of Ground Obstacles on Take-off
PRE-LAUNCH ACTIONS & CHECKS — ‘CARD’ Step Action/Query by Ground Crew Response Required from Pilot
1 Is Pilot Ready? Pilot is ready.
2 C Canopies closed and locked? Pilot is seen to check canopy latch and responds ‘Closed and Locked’
3 A Airbrakes closed and locked?
Flaps set as required?
Pilot is seen to check airbrakes and responds ‘Closed and Locked’ Pilot is seen to check flaps (if fitted) and responds ‘Flaps set for Take-off’ or ‘Not fitted’.
4 R Radio on and set? Pilot confirms radio is on and responds ’Radio on and set to <frequency>’.
5 D Check tail or wing dolly not
fitted.
None required.
6 Show pilot correct ring on cable. Describe weak link fitted.
Pilot confirms weak link correct.
7 Hook on – say “Open” Pilot opens release.
8 Insert ring into release – say “Close” Pilot closes release.
9 Pull on cable to ensure it is in release.
None required.
10 Check all clear above and behind and launch airspace. Advise pilot. Walk to wing tip. Pick up wing tip.
WAIT for pilot-in-command to give thumbs up signal.
11 Check strip ahead is clear. Signal “take-up-slack”.
None required.
12 When glider starts to move – signal “All-out”
None required.
45°45°
This area must beclear of all obstacles.
Ensure tie-down points and otherobstacles are outside the clearance area.
Speed on launch: Between 1.3Vs and aircraft max winch speed
Too fast: Yaw aircraft
Speed on launch: Between 1.3Vs and aircraft max winch speed
Too fast: Yaw aircraft
AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 Page 9
GLIDER PILOT CERTIFICATE PRE-SOLO TRAINING
Lookout Awareness Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Collision avoidance – see and avoid.
Blind spots of the pilot. References: BGK, CH 4 – THE DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE LOOKOUT, p46-51. Operational Safety Bulletin OSB 02/12.
Ground Handling & Signals Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Pushing gliders (see Fig. 4) – where possible, where not.
Towing gliders – Procedure, location of personnel (see Fig. 5), signals to tow-car driver.
Minimum rope length for towing aircraft. Wing tip duties – calm and windy conditions. Rotating aircraft in windy conditions – follow rudder direction and bind controls with harness.
High wind handling. Tie down techniques. Use of UHF CB Radio for launching – channel to use, conducting radio checks.
Use of UHF CB Radio – how to transmit clearly, phrases to use (see Table 1).
“Take up slack” signal – Radio, Hand, Baton & Light signals. “All out” signal – Radio, Hand, Baton & Light signals. “Stop” signal – Radio, Hand, Baton & Light signals. Who can stop the launch and how. References: BGK, CH 5 – OPERATING PROCEDURES: PARKING, SECURING AND GROUND HANDLING OF GLIDERS, Parking/Pushing and pulling/Towing with a vehicle/Towing with a rope/Towing with a rigid bar, p52-55. BGK, CH 5 – OPERATING PROCEDURES: LAUNCHING SIGNALS, p57-59. GFA MOSP – Section 16.1.
Radio Usage UHF (CB) radios are normally tuned to UHF Channel 19. VHF (airband) radios are set to 126.7 within 10NM of YSFG. Using a VHF radio requires a Flight Radio Operators License.
Page 10 AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 AUGC Training Manual Issue 2.3
Fig. 4 Where to push when moving a glider on the ground
Fig. 5 Towing aircraft behind a car using a rope
Lift/PushLift/Push
Push Push
Lift Only Lift Only
Push
PushPush Never push on control surfaces or canopies.
Tow rope length must exceed 2/3 of aircraft’s wingspan
Walkingpace only
Person holding wingtip gently steers
the aircraft
When turning the aircraft, STOP the tow, lift the tail
around to the desired direction, and restart the
tow.
Person walks in front of wing to prevent
aircraft overrunning rope.
Wind DirectionTow aircraft holding the into-wind wing.
AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 Page 11
Aircraft Familiarisation Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Familiarisation with aircraft (see Fig. 4).
Aircraft manuals – where are they located, how to use, importance of.
Inspection of aircraft. DI book — defect reporting. Handover – Takeover procedure. Seat and Harness adjustment – lock in place. Cockpit controls adjusted. Canopy locking mechanism – lock in place. Correct control column grip. Test Release before first launch. References: BGK, CH 2—THE TRAINING PROCESS, p20-22. BGK, CH 7 – BASIC AIRWORTHINESS,THE WALK AROUND INSPECTION, p 108. BGK, CH 7 – BASIC AIRWORTHINESS,DAILY INSPECTIONS - POLICY, p 109.
Pre-Take-off Checks Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Pilot pre-takeoff check (see Pre Take-Off Checklist). Why it is used.
Conduct check – ABCD-CHAOTIC. Pilot estimation of wind speed and direction. Weak link requirements and check (Fig. 2). Check weak link with launch crew on hook on.
Ensure ground crew complete CARD check and clear above and behind prior to launch. (see Prelaunch Actions & Checks)
References: Operations Directive OD 01/13
Table 1 Launch Methods and their Signals
Signal Launch Method Take-Up Slack All Out Stop
Radio Calls Say “<aircraft type> on line, take-up slack, take-up slack, take-up slack”.
Say “all-out, all-out, all-out”.
Say “Stop, stop, stop” until the launch is stopped.
Baton / Hand Signals Wave baton in lower arc. Wave baton in high arc (above head).
Keep baton fixed directly above head.
Light Signals Slow flash (1 sec on, 1 sec off).
Fast Flash (0.5 sec on, 0.5 sec off).
Full on.
Page 12 AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 AUGC Training Manual Issue 2.3
PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK — ‘ABCD-CHAOTIC’ (BGK p. 144, OD 01/13)
Fro
m O
uts
ide C
ock
pit
A Airframe: walk around check for damage and/or defects.
Maintenance release checked.
B Ballast: glider loading is within placard limitations and
trim ballast, if required, secure.
C Controls: check controls, including airbrakes and flaps
appropriate to type, for correct sense and full deflections.
D Dollies: all dollies and ground handling equipment
removed.
Fro
m In
sid
e C
ock
pit
C Controls: controls adjusted.
Seat adjustments secure and positioned to allow
comfortable access to all flight controls.
H Harness tight and secure (all seats).
A Airbrakes: cycled and set for launch, or closed and
locked.
Flaps: (if fitted) cycled, set as required for take-off.
O Outside: Airspace and take-off path clear to 45 degrees
left & right.
Assess wind & launch air-speeds, airspace limitations at
airfield.
Options: Evaluate emergency plan in case of launch
failure.
T Trim: Set as required for launch.
I Instruments: Panel and contents secure and familiar, set as
required. Altimeter set to QNH.
Radio and other avionics on and set correctly.
C Canopies: all closed and locked.
(under)Carriage: Check undercarriage down and locked.
Controls: Full and free movement available.
AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 Page 13
Sailplane Stability Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Types of stability – positive, neutral, negative.
Stable platform – hands off.
Displacement – recovery.
Lateral Damping – its cause, how to destroy it.
Introduction to control.
References:- BGK, CH 3 –BASIC THEORY, pp. 23-29.
Primary Effects, Further Effects of Bank Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Generation of lift (Fig. 6).
Use of Elevator
Nose up/down – pitch (Fig. 7) Attitude related to horizon (Fig. 8) Wind sound. Speed control. Use of Aileron Roll vs. bank. Raise/lower wing – Effect on wing tip Raise/lower wing – Effect on nose Effect of centring controls Turn results from bank Use of Rudder Yaw (Fig. 7) Positive stability in yaw. Use of yaw-string to indicate yaw and how to correct it. Heading alters – track unchanged. Secondary effect of Yaw References: BGK, CH 3 – BASIC THEORY: PRIMARY EFFECTS OF CONTROLS, Elevator, p 30. BGK, CH 3 – BASIC THEORY: PRIMARY EFFECTS OF CONTROLS, Ailerons/Aileron drag and adverse yaw, pp 31-32. BGK, CH 3 – BASIC THEORY: PRIMARY EFFECTS OF CONTROLS, Rudder, pp 32-33. BGK, CH 3 – BASIC THEORY: SECONDARY EFFECTS, Yaw, p 33.
Page 14 AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 AUGC Training Manual Issue 2.3
Fig. 6 Aerofoil
Fig. 7 Effects of Controls
Lift
Drag
ChordLine
Aerodynamic Centre
Angle of Attack (α)
Pitch
Roll
Yaw
Know Your Aircraft!
Read the flight manual thoroughly for every aircraft you fly. In particular know the operational limits, weak link
requirements, G loadings, permitted maneuvers, C of G limits, engine operation & fuel requirements (if fitted) and emergency
procedures.
AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 Page 15
Fig. 8 Attitude
Aileron Drag, Rudder Co-ordination
Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Aileron Drag - nose to opposite direction in a turn.
Induced drag. Adverse yaw. Rudder overcomes aileron drag. Coordination of aileron and rudder to eliminate adverse yaw. Rolling to straight and level. References: BGK, CH 3 – BASIC THEORY: PRIMARY EFFECTS OF CONTROLS, Adverse Yaw, p 32.
Horizon
Horizon
Horizon
Nose low – Horizon high on canopy – faster airspeed
Nose high– Horizon low on canopy – slower airspeed
Normal Attitude
Page 16 AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 AUGC Training Manual Issue 2.3
Sustained turns, all controls Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Eliminate slip and skid – use of string
3 control coordination – ARE we maintaining a good turn? Lookout prior to turn – Safety Rolling in Staying in Rolling out Lookout during turns – at own level, aft of nose Lookout during turns – avoid looking down wing Coming out on headings Variations – roll rate – bank angle Medium turns – vary speed Rolling on a point. References: BGK, CH 3 – BASIC THEORY: TURNING, pp 39-40. BGK, CH 8 – BASIC NAVIGATION, Track, Drift, Heading, pp 117-118.
Lookout Procedures Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Scan at own level. Visual scanning techniques – cruising scan. Visual scanning techniques – full scan. Visual scanning techniques – targeted scan. Scan Sectors/Patterns. When to use each technique. Use of and responding to radio broadcasts. Thermalling conventions. Know how VFR/IFR traffic may operate. Awareness of danger areas – circuit , turn-points, NAVAIDS etc.
FLARM as an aid to lookout (Fig. 8). Focal Range in clear air. Glasses. Scanning instruments (proportionate to lookout). References: BGK, CH 4 – THE DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE LOOKOUT, pp 46-51. Operational Safety Bulletin OSB 02/12. GFA Safety Briefing Pack.
AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 Page 17
Fig. 8 OZFLARM Controls
Fig. 9 Example Air Speed Indicator
Straight Flight, Various Speeds, Trim Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Maintaining straight and level flight. Drift correction. Flight at different speeds – indications (air noise, ASI (see Fig. 9), control firmness)
Typical speeds – at altitude (best L/D) Typical speeds – in thermals (min. sink/maintain control authority)
Typical speeds – safe speed near the ground (1.5 x stall speed)
Types of trim mechanisms and use. Trim – locate-identify-operate Use of trim, trimming to particular speeds (fast / slow).
Use of light control column grip to maximise feel/feedback. References: BGK, CH3 - BASIC THEORY, ANCILLARY CONTROLS, Elevator Trim, pp 33-36.
Page 18 AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 AUGC Training Manual Issue 2.3
PRE-AEROBATIC CHECK — ‘HASLL’ (BGK, p 144, OD 01/13)
H Height: sufficient to recover above 1000’ AGL, or 2000’ AGL if
within 2NM of a licensed aerodrome.
A Airframe: rated for manoeuvre.
Trim, Flaps, Airbrake, Undercarriage set as required.
S Security: harness/es tight; loose objects stowed.
L Location: Clear of built up areas or public gathering, cloud, controlled
airspace.
L Lookout: complete a 180 degree turn reversing into a 90 degree turn.
Look at own level and below.
Slow Flight, Stalling Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Angle of Attack (Fig. 6).
What is a stall? (Fig. 10).
HASLL pre-aerobatic check (see HASLL checklist). Stall proximity indicators: pre-stall buffet, slack controls, slow speed, high decent rate.
Stall proximity indicators: low air-noise, stick & nose position. Loss of lateral damping. Use of rudder to control roll. Recovery procedure. Gentle stall & recovery. Nose-high stall & recovery. Stall in turns. Stall speed increases with bank/airbrake. Effect of C of G on stall characteristics. References: BGK, CH 3 – BASIC THEORY, STALLING, pp 40-42. BGK, CH 3 – BASIC THEORY, ANCILLARY CONTROLS, Airbrakes, p 34.
AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 Page 19
Fig. 10 Airflow over a wing approaching a stall
Spinning Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Use of pre-aerobatic check.
Incipient spin recovery – Stick forward. Use of rudder to prevent yaw. Full developed spin recovery. Accidental spins — stall in a turn. Difference between spins and spiral dives. Recovery from spiral dives. References: BGK, CH 3 – BASIC THEORY: THE INCIPIENT SPIN, pp 42-43. BGK, CH 3 – BASIC THEORY: THE FULLY-DEVELOPED SPIN, pp 43-44.
Radio and FLARM Use Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
VHF air band radio operator theory & licensing.
Familiarisation and operation of the aircraft radio (Fig. 11).
Radio frequencies & phraseology (see examples) used in the Stonefield area.
Radio coverage variation with altitude. The phonetic alphabet. Changing frequency on the radio and use of Squelch. CTAF and CTAF(R) procedures. FLARM operation: range, visual and audio signals. Usage of FLARM as an aid to collision avoidance. References: GFA AIRWAYS AND RADIO PROCEDURES FOR GLIDER PILOTS, page 11-12. Eckey: Advanced Soaring Made Easy, Chapter 9.
Page 20 AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 AUGC Training Manual Issue 2.3
Fig. 11 MicroAir 760 VHF Radio Controls
Pre-Winch Launch Radio Broadcast When On Ground (126.7 MHz)
A – Alpha G – Golf M – Mike S – Sierra Y – Yankee B – Bravo H – Hotel N – November T – Tango Z - Zulu C – Charlie I – India O – Oscar U – Uniform D – Delta J – Juliet P – Papa V – Victor E – Echo K – Kilo Q – Quebec W – Whisky F – Foxtrot L – Lima R – Romeo X – Xray 1 – WUN 2 – TOO 3 – TREE 4 - FOWer 5 – FIFE 6 - SIX 7 - SEVen 8 – AIT 9 - NIner 0 – Zero Decimal – DAY see mal Hundred – HUNdred Thousand – TOUsand Ref: Ops 0005 – Airways & Radio Procedures for Glider Pilots, p. 18.
126.700
122.700
AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 Page 21
Take-Off (Winch Launch) Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Stages of launch (Fig. 12)
Ground run – release if wingtip contacts ground
Separation
Initial climb — Altitude / Airspeed / Climb angle
Minimum/maximum winch launch speed — Overspeed issues, when is overspeed permitted?
Look at wingtips for climb angle Full climb – maintenance of airspeed and climb angle. What to do if airspeed is dropping.
Speed on la unch: Be tween 1.3Vs a nd aircra ft max winch speed
Too fast: Yaw a ircraf t
Too slow: Lower nose and rol l aircraft
Speed on launch: between 1.3 Vs and aircraft max winch speed (Vw) found in the aircraft flight manual or cockpit placard. Too fast signal: Yaw aircraft. There is no signal for too slow, maintain safe air speed by lowering the nose of the aircraft, if speed decreases below min winch speed, abort the launch.
Rele
ase
Gro
und r
un &
separa
tio
n
Page 22 AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 AUGC Training Manual Issue 2.3
Take-Off (Aerotow Launch) Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Stages of launch.
Ground run
Separation, holding near ground
Countering drift
Normal climb
High Tow – Low Tow Positions (Figs. 13a / 13b). When to use each one and why.
Stabilisation and release
Boxing the tug slipstream. Out of station recovery & handling slack in the tow rope.
Tug Signals to Glider Glider Signals to Tug Locate-identify-operate release handle Tow separation: Actions required before. Look-out and turns required on separation.
AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 Page 23
Circuit Joining and Planning Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Suitable landing area/direction.
Obstacle identification and clearance margin on approach – selection of aiming point.
Break-off point. Conventional circuit (Figs. 14 & 15). Pre-landing check (see Pre-landing Checks). Radio procedures in circuit. Aerodrome specific circuit entry procedure. Lookout for other traffic – particularly in opposite circuit. Who has right-of-way in the circuit. Wind strength and direction. Modified circuit when height insufficient. Circuits conducted without instruments. References: BGK CH 5 – OPERATING PROCEDURES, The Circuit Pattern, pp 68-72.
Fig. 14 Circuit (BGK pg. 64)
“Check 1” – (Flare)
“Check 2” – (Hold Off)
Page 24 AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 AUGC Training Manual Issue 2.3
Pre-Landing Checks (BGK, p144, OD 01/13)
F Flaps: set as required (if fitted).
U Undercarriage: down and locked.
S Speed: maintain ‘safe speed near ground’; Choose speed for
approach.
T Trim to speed.
Pre-Landing Radio Broadcast When On Circuit (126.7 MHz)
STONEFIELD GLIDING TRAFFIC GLIDER [aircraft registration] EARLY/MID/LATE DOWNWIND/BASE LEFT/RIGHT HAND CIRCUIT FOR RUNWAY [runway number] STONEFIELD GLIDING
Fig. 15 Circuit – Angles and Speeds
Touch down
Trim to 1.5 Vs
Add ½ wind speed
‘hand on’ airbrake
Aiming point
End of roll
Locate, identify & place hand on Airbrake
AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 Page 25
Approach and Landing Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
The stabilised approach at required airspeed (see Fig. 16).
Use of aiming point (see Fig. 16 & 17). Overshoot/undershoot (see Fig 17). Observe landing from ground. Locate-identify-operate airbrake. Identify overshoot before using airbrake. Effect of increased drag on airspeed. Airbrake is not for speed control. Identify landing attitude. Flare – look ahead. Progressively raise nose to landing attitude. Hold aircraft off ground in landing attitude. Stick to back stop when below flying speed at correct height. Directional control on ground. Use of airbrake on ground. Keeping wings level on ground. Use of flaps on landing. Ballooning – how to identify and control. Use of wheel brake in different aircraft. References:
GBGK, CH 5–OPERATING PROCEDURES: THE APPROACH AND LANDING, The Approach, pp 73-75. BBGK, CH 3– BASIC THEORY:ANCILLARY CONTROLS, Airbrakes, p 34.
BGK, CH 5–OPERATING PROCEDURES: THE APPROACHAND LANDING, The Landing/Errors in Landing, pp 76-77.
REMEMBER AS A PILOT YOUR PRIORITIES
ARE:
1. AVIATE 2. NAVIGATE
3. COMMUNICATE
Page 26 AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 AUGC Training Manual Issue 2.3
Fig. 16 Approach & Landing – Side View
Fig.17 Aiming Point on Canopy NB: Assumes a constant airspeed on approach.
Min. 50 feet
Aim
ing
Po
int
Tou
chd
ow
n
End
of
Ro
ll
Aiming Point
Aiming Point Rising on CanopyUNDERSHOOTLess Airbrake
Aiming Point Falling on CanopyOVERSHOOTMoreAirbrake
Approach speed = 1½ Vs + ½ Wind Speed.
Final obstacle clearance by 50 feet minimum.
Control airspeed with elevator.
Control approach angle with airbrake.
Control approach direction with aileron.
AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 Page 27
Motor Glider Engine Start Up Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Propeller danger awareness.
Propeller pitch – course / fine, effect on thrust.
Fuel quantity & quality checks, use of fuel control & fuel pump.
Pre-start checklist. Engine temperature requirements. Starting engine – when cold & warm. Post-start checklist. Need for and use of Carburettor Heating. Effect on engine operation.
Effect of propeller: asymmetric thrust, effective pitch, slip stream swirl, gyroscopic forces (see Fig. 18a, b, c).
References: Operations Directive OD 01/13 Check Lists. BGK p 144.
Motor Glider Operations Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Taxying on ground – correct use of elevator (see Fig. 19).
Engine temperatures and pressures.
Effects of rapid cooling.
Use of Cowl Flaps.
Propeller pitch use and change mechanism.
Propeller windmilling, feathering and effective glide angle.
AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 Page 29
Fig 19 Taxiing Motor Gliders
Thermal Centering Technique Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Thermals sources & shapes
Thermal with a constant angle of bank.
Thermal with a 30 degree angle of bank at constant speed. Thermal with a 45 degree angle of bank at constant speed. Select angle of bank to suit the thermal strength and diameter.
Maintain nose attitude for speed control & circular path. Thermaling in both directions. Change of lift strength throughout the circle. Use thermal surges to identify strongest point of lift. Adjust centre of thermal in response to change of thermal strength.
Straighten towards lift, away from sink. Use of aircraft audio variometer (Fig. 20). References: BGK, CH10 - BASIC SOARING TECHNIQUES, Thermal Sources & shapes, pp 128-129. BGK, CH10 - BASIC SOARING TECHNIQUES, Centring a Thermal, pp 130-131. BGK, CH10 - BASIC SOARING TECHNIQUES, Maximising Rate of Climb in a Thermal, p 132.
Page 30 AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 AUGC Training Manual Issue 2.3
Thermal Entry Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Manage speed to enable sufficient feel.
Feel for wing lift. Identify turn direction.
Techniques for minimising drift whilst thermaling.
Identify thermal structure as glider flies through it. Lookout when approaching thermal and during initial turn. Selecting appropriate bank and speed. Adjusting circle to centre in thermal. Achieves positive rate of climb for whole circle within 2 turns of entry.
AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 Page 33
Launch Emergencies (Aerotow) Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Identify OPTIONS during pre-take off check. Identifying the Non-Manoeuvring Area (NMA) and responses if launch fails whilst in it. Use of U-turn, ground loop etc.
Release knob — hand near but not on. Call landing options at stages of launch. Pilot priority 1 – regain & maintain safe airspeed. Pilot priority 2 – release and assess options.
the glider is going high and the tendency cannot be controlled, or
the pilot loses sight of the tug.
Factors which may combine to create a tug-upset accident are:
a light pilot flying close to the minimum cockpit weight
an inexperienced pilot – particularly wire launch pilots with little recent aero-tow
experience.
glider with a belly or C-of-G hook
short rope
turbulent conditions.
Page 34 AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 AUGC Training Manual Issue 2.3
Soaring With Other Gliders Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Lookout, awareness of other aircraft (gliders & power) & birds.
Reiteration of see and avoid philosophy.
Predict flight path of other gliders.
Adjust own flight path to for thermal entry to avoid conflict with other traffic/birds.
Rules for thermal circling direction: first glider sets direction. Adjust thermal centre to improve lift without causing conflict. Leaving thermal safely and positively. Use other gliders to identify areas with better conditions and adjust track accordingly during cruise.
Avoid creating a hazard – act to enable others to react to your situation
Communicate effectively with other aircraft using radio Pair flying procedures. References: BGK, CH 4 – THE DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE LOOKOUT, p 46-51. GFA Operations Safety Bulletin 02/12. Airways & Radio Procedures for Glider Pilots.
Flying with Other Gliders and Aircraft Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Pilot responsibility to see and avoid.
Legal separation requirements (Fig. 24).
Give way rules – head-on, from left/right. Aircraft visibility on approaching headings. Look out procedures.
Communications – air-band radio frequencies. Give way rules – launching. Give way rules – landing. Sharing the circuit with other aircraft – power & gliders.
Power aircraft preference for Left Hand circuits. Winch launching site markings on maps. Cruise altitudes/heading for power aircraft. Ridge flying rules – head-on, passing, turning. Blind spots – avoid pull-ups when other gliders may be following.
References: BGK, CH6 - AIR LEGISLATION, p80-81. GFA Look out recommendations: Lookout for Glider Pilots (June 2003) and Lookout Scan (June 2003). Airways & Radio Procedures for Glider Pilots
AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 Page 35
Fig. 24 Minimum Aircraft Separation Distances
Fig. 25a Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC) Between 3,000’ and 10,000’ AMSL and > 1,000’ AGL
Fig. 25b Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC) Below 3,000’ AMSL or < 1,000’ AGL (whichever is the higher)
200 feet
200 feet
Visibility: 5 Km
1000 feet
1500 m
Page 36 AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 AUGC Training Manual Issue 2.3
DI Certificate Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Copy of GFA Daily Inspector’s Handbook.
Aircraft structures – wings, fuselage, fin, and elevator.
Control systems – rods, cables, pulleys, connectors. Aircraft types – FRP, steel tube, metal, wood & fabric Use of GFA DI Book sections. Supervised inspection of aircraft. Issue of Daily Inspection authorisation by Club authority. References: GFA Daily Inspector’s Handbook. BGK, CH7 - BASIC AIRWORTHINESS, DAILY INSPECTIONS - POLICY, p 109-110. BGK, CH7 - BASIC AIRWORTHINESS, DAILY INSPECTIONS - PRACTICAL, p 110-111.
Rules for aerobatics. Accidents and Incidents – definitions and actions. References: GFA Operational Regulations. BGK, CH 1 – WHAT IS GLIDING, Government and Gliding, p 18. BGK, CH 6 – AIR LEGISLATION, p 80-96. BGK, CH6 - AIR LEGISLATION, Accidents and Incidents, p 96-100. Airways and Radio Procedures for Glider Pilots GFA Log Book – Inside Back Cover
AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 Page 37
First Solo Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Medical declaration
Solo flight Flight debriefing Post solo check requirements A Certificate flight requirements. A Certificate oral examination. B Certificate flight requirements. B Certificate oral examination. References: BGK, CH2 – THE TRAINING PROCESS, p 21-22.
Congratulations! You have achieved a major milestone in your flying.
Recognise your achievements and acknowledge that there is still
more to learn.
You should now ensure you have a Daily Inspection (DI) rating
for all aircraft you wish to fly solo in.
GLIDER PILOT CERTIFICATE POST-SOLO TRAINING
Side Slipping Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
When it can and should be used. Entering and controlling sideslips. Hazards – break off early. Stalling off a sideslip. Special considerations for different aircraft (e.g. Motorfalke). Importance of remaining current. References:
Page 38 AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 AUGC Training Manual Issue 2.3
Steep Turns Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Speed control.
G-Loading, use of G-meter (see Fig. 31). Turning forces (see Fig. 26). Spinning/stalling off steep turns. References:
Fig. 26 Aerodynamic Forces on the Glider
Cross-Country Flight Preparation Checklist : MODE
M Maps, Money, Mobile
O logger On, Camera On, Oxygen
D Drinks, Declaration
E Eats, Extra clothing, Effluent
L = W
W
W
L = W/Cos ØHorizontal component of liftprovides centripetal force.
Vertical component of liftbalances weight.
Ø
Ø L 0 W
30 1.15W 60 2.0W
AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 Page 39
Thermal Sources and Selection Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Potential thermal sources & likelihood dependent on sun, wind, terrain, vegetation, time of day, cloud cover.
Selection of the most likely thermal source. Navigation to relevant thermal sources. Using lift streets – flying into wind versus cross wind. References: GFA, Finding (Good!) Thermals.
Outlanding Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Continuous situational awareness – monitoring of height, weather, area, options.
Landing area selection criteria.
Selection of landing area and alternatives (SSSSSSS).
Break-off point for flight. SWER (Single Wire Earth Return) power line identification and avoidance.
Circuit direction. Obstacle avoidance. Aircraft tie-down practices. Legal and land-owner considerations. Be courteous and respect the landowner’s wishes.
Radio / telephone CENSAR information. References: GFA, Legal Rights for Glider Retrieval. BGK, CH5 – OPERATING PROCEDURES, Outlandings, p 78.
Flight Preparation: Glider, Trailer and Pilot Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Preparation of key aircraft/equipment requirements for extended flight times.
Development and use of a check list to ensure critical items are prepared (i.e. MODE).
Pilot selects ballast, wing loading and Centre of Gravity location to suit flight goals and weather conditions.
Retrieve crew organisation – vehicle, contact numbers, maps, car keys, fuel for vehicle, etc.
Trailer preparation – tyres, lights, jigs are all checked. References:
Page 40 AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 AUGC Training Manual Issue 2.3
Soaring Instruments and Flight Computers Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Variometer – Use of audio signal to centre thermals and maintaining effective lookout. Different response settings.
FLARM – Effective use to identify potential conflicts (see Fig. 8).
GPS – Setting to navigate to a selected location, identifying airfields within range, declaring task, reading wind data.
Final glide / NAV computer – determine when final glide is achieved to destination (or outlanding).
What happens when gliding instruments fail? References: Installation Manual OZFLARM BGK, CH6 – AIR LEGISLATION, FLARM, p 93.
Meteorology and Flight Planning Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Weather Forecasts – Access weather information using the Internet, Phone, Media, etc. Determine last light for destination.
Soaring Forecasts – Use of weather information to predict thermal height and strength, potential of cumulus cloud, trigger temperature, end time of soaring day, impact of wind speed and direction, potential for sea breeze or fronts.
Cross country speed prediction – determine a reasonable estimate of cross country speed for the day.
Task Setting – Planning a cross country flight (distance and track using weather to achieve distance/speed goals.
Flight planning for airspace and navigability. SAR reporting plans and estimate for SAR times. Altimeter settings and procedures. References: BGK, CH6 – Air Legislation, p 94-96. BGK, CH8 – BASIC NAVIGATION, Maps and Charts, p112-116.
Navigation and Airspace Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Obtaining maps, map currency and map reading, recognition of key features (Figs. 27 & 28). Measuring distances using map scales.
Types of airspace (Classes A, C, D, E, G, CTR, CTZ, PRD Areas, CTAF, CTAF-R) (see Fig. 27).
When uncertain of position – check ground to map. GPS may not always be working.
Allowing for drift, identify effects of wind on thermal sources. Navigating to selected points – using compass, landmarks and GPS.
Limitations of rating. SAR procedures, accident reporting. Procedures for independent operations – briefing, conduct, pack-up.
CFI endorsement and log book entry. References: GFA MOSP Part 2, Independent Operations p 33.
Glider Pilot Certificate Application Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Introduction to the GPC.
Form obtained & completed - submitted to CFI. References:
Congratulations on reaching the end of
GPC Syllabus. You can now complete
your GPC application and send it to the
CFI.
AUGC/BVGC is required to keep a copy
of your training book for 7 years, you
must forward this book (or a copy) with
your GPC application to the CFI.
AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 Page 45
ADDITIONAL TRAINING TOPICS
Basic Aerobatics Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Limitations of airframes – Flight envelope (see Fig. 30).
Limitations of airframes – Knowledge of and interpretation of cockpit placards.
Familiarisation with G Loading. How to read, use and reset the G Meter (see Fig. 31). Negative G sensitivity. What manoeuvres are permitted? – refer aircraft flight manual.
What manoeuvres are not permitted? – refer aircraft flight manual.
Page 46 AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 AUGC Training Manual Issue 2.3
Fig. 31 Aircraft G Meter
Advanced Cross-Country Flying Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Effect of water ballast on climb rate, glide ratio and speed.
Filling and dumping water ballast. Effect of flaps. Use of flaps in thermals. Use of flaps in cruising flight. Effect of rain droplets and insect residue on wings. Effect of icing on aircraft. Dealing with rain droplets or icing in flight. Competition finishes – planning, notification, options, endorsement in logbook.
Determining the active runway at an operating airfield. References: BGK, CH3 - BASIC THEORY, ANCILLARY CONTROLS, Flaps, p 35-36. GFA MOSP Part 2, Low Level Finishes Endorsement p 24.
AUGC/BVGC Glider Pilot Training Book, Issue 2.7 Page 47
Mountain and Ridge Flying Topic Date
Briefed Date
Demonstrated Signed
Ridge lift mechanism.
Location of best ridge lift (Fig. 32). Low level flying. Give way rules (refer back to Rules of the Air). Wave lift mechanism. Location of best wave lift (Fig. 33). Use of lenticular cloud indicators.
Presence of rotor – handling in rough conditions. Likely locations where rotor could be found.
Use of ground features to maintain location. Cloud considerations. Navigating without reference to the ground. Effect of O2, CO2 partial pressures on human physiology & symptoms.
Hypoxia & hyperventilation: consequences & responses. Types and use of oxygen systems. Use the PRICE pneumonic. Dangers of oil & oxygen.