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May 23, 2018

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Page 1: GlassCockpits%hhh.gavilan.edu/hspenner/iLearnInfo/AMT110/Instruments/Glass...Boeing 787 . GlassCockpitExamples% Cirrus S22 Cessna 162 . PortableUnits% WhyIsItImportantforA&Ps?% •

Glass  Cockpits  

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Glass  Cockpits  •  Introduc2on  •  Why  Is  It  Important  for  A&Ps  

•  Ingredients  That  Makeup  Glass  Cockpits  

•  Pros/Cons  •  Regular  Maintenance  

•  FAA  Ques2ons  •  Summary  

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What  Is  a  Glass  Cockpit?  •  TAA  –  Technically  Advanced  AircraG  (FAA)  

  IFR-­‐cer2fied  with  GPS  naviga2on  equipment  •  or  

  Mul2-­‐func2on  display  (MFD)  with  weather,  traffic,  or  terrain  graphics;  and  an  integrated  autopilot  

•  Defined  by  Avionics  Using  (for  this  discussion):    Flat  Electronic  Displays      Power  by  Microprocessor  (computer)  

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Glass  Cockpit  Examples  

Space Shuttle

Boeing 787

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Glass  Cockpit  Examples  

Cirrus S22

Cessna 162

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Portable  Units  

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Why  Is  It  Important  for  A&Ps?  •  Pilots  are  demanding  it  

  Reduces  Workload  &  Simplifies  Naviga2on  

•  FAA  is  Switching  to  GPS    Reducing  VOR  and  Category  I  ILS    Implemen2ng  GPS/WAAS  Approaches  

•  Most  New  AircraG  Sold  with  Glass  Cockpits  

•  Older  AircraGs  Are  Upgrading  to  Glass  Cockpits  •  Demand  for  Avionics  Technicians  

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History  

Analog Panel (Steam Gauges)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

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Future  

Cirrus SR22 with

Perspective Avionics Suite

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SoGware  –  Heart  &  Soul  •  A  Microprocessor  (Computer)  is  a  Calculator  that  Follows  Instruc2ons  

•  The  Instruc2ons  Are  Called  SoGware  •  Same  Hardware,  Different  SoGware,  Different  Product  

•  Product  Can  Be  Updated,  Fixed  and    New  Features  Added  by  Change  SoGware  

•  SoGware  Bug  is  a  Mistake  in  the  Instruc2ons  

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Star2ng  Point  

Garmin SL30 NAV/COM

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VOR  Posi2on  Fix  

•  Tune In Near By VOR Station •  Use OBS on CDI to Find Bearing from VOR •  Draw Bearing Line on Map •  Repeat for Second VOR Station

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VOR  Naviga2on  Shortcomings  •  VOR  Signal  Limited  to  Line-­‐Of-­‐Sight  •  Limited  Accuracy  

•  Time  Consuming  Process  

•  FAA  is  Planning  VOR  Sta2on  Closers  •  Ver2cal  Informa2on  Only  Provided  on  ILS  Approaches  

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GPS/WAAS  Naviga2on  •  Global  Posi2oning  System  (GPS)  -­‐Space  Based  Radio  Naviga2on  

•  Wide  Area  Augmenta2on  System  (WAAS)  -­‐  Provides  Error  Correc2on  

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GPS/WAAS  Advantages  •  No  Line-­‐Of-­‐Sight  Limita2ons  •  More  Accurate  

•  Height  Informa2on  

•  Lower  Pilot  Work  Load  

•  More  Efficient,  Flexible,  and  User-­‐Preferred  Route  Structures  

•  Interna2onal  Standard  •  WAAS  Approaches  Replacing  ILS  

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XM  Weather  

•  Weather  Data  Sent  from  Satellite  •  High  Resolu2on  NEXRAD  •  Winds  AloG  

•  TFRs,  AIRMETS,  TAFs,  &  SIGMETs  

•  Subscrip2on  Service  

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Portable  GPS  

•  GPS  Based  Naviga2on  •  XM  Weather  

•  Windshield,  Lap,  Yoke  or  Panel  Mounted  

•  Ba`ery  or  Plane  Power  

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Portable  GPS  

•  Real-­‐2me  Tracking  Displayed  on  Map  •  “Mini”  Instrument  Panel  

•  Automa2c  Rou2ng  Informa2on  

•  XM  Weather  Project  on  Map  

•  Displays  al2tude-­‐sensi2ve  alerts  •  Electronic  Flight  Bag  (EFB)  

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GPS  &  Radio  

•  WAAS  Cer2fied  •  Approach  and  Rou2ng  Informa2on  Displayed  on  CDI  and  HSI  

•  Common  Upgrade  to  “Steam  Gauges”  

•  Meets  TSO  C146a  Standards  for  “Sole  Means”  Naviga2on  

•  Drives  Autopilot  

Garmin GTN 750

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MFD/PFD  

•  EFIS  -­‐  Electronic  Flight  Instrument  System  •  PFD  –  Primary  Flight  Display  

•  MFD  –  Mul2-­‐Func2on  Display  

•  Basically  a  Computer  Display    Some2mes  Computer  Brain  in  Same  Unit  

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Analog  Upgrade  

•  Aspen  Avionics  EDF1000  •  Upgrade  Standard  “Six-­‐Pack”  •  Upgrade  With  No  Mechanical  Changes  to  Panel  

•  Install  One  to  Three  Units  

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Top  of  Line  GA  

•  Cirrus  SR22  with  Garmin  G1000  •  Flight  Instrument,  Engine  Instruments,  Radios,  Naviga2on,  Weather,  Autopilot  and  Charts  on  PFD/MFD  

•  Keyboard  Input  •  Synthe2c  Vision  System  (SVS)  

•  Video  

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Glass  Cockpit  Video  •  Video  

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Glass  Cockpit  -­‐  Pros  •  Easier  Naviga2on  •  Integra2on  of  Informa2on  in  Smart  Display  

•  Electronic  Maps  and  Charts  

•  Smart  Engine  Opera2on  

•  WAAS  Approaches  

•  Emergency  Assistance  

•  Situa2on  Alarms  

•  No  Moving  Parts  

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Glass  Cockpit  -­‐  Cons  •  No  Standard  User  Interface  •  Higher  Learning  Curve  for  Pilots  •  New  Learning  for  “Analog”  Pilots  •  Suscep2ble  to  Electrical  Failure  •  Complex  Electrical  System  

  Ba`ery  Backup    Dual  Alternators    Dual  Buss  

•  New  Procedures  for  Mechanics  

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Diamond  DA42  Crash  Lesson  •  All  Electric  Airplane  with  Electronic  Engine  Control  Unit  

•  Dead  Ba`ery  •  Engines  Started  with  GPU  •  AircraG  Crashes  During  Takeoff  –  Engines  Failed  –  Low  Power  for  Engine  Control  Unit  

•  Airplane  Needed  Supplemental  Power  from  Ba`ery  During  Takeoff  

•  Lesson  Learned  –  Fully  Charge  Ba`ery  

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Regular  Maintenance  •  Annual  –  Check  Cables,  Connectors,  Bu`ons,  Servos,  Airspeed,  Indictor  Ver2cal  Speed  Indicator,  Bu`ons  and  Lights  

•  24  Months  -­‐  Pitot/Sta2c  Leak,  Al2meter  &  Transponder  Test  

•  1000  hours/3  Years  –  Clean  Servos  and  Apply  Grease  to  Output  Gears  

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Regular  Maintenance  •  5  Years  –  Update  Earth  Magne2c  Field  SoGware  •  10  Years  –  Change  Ba`ery  •  Periodically  Install  SoGware  Update  

  Don’t  Interrupt  Update  Process  –  Leave  Power  On!!!    

•  Owner  Can  Install  Regular  Chart  &  Map  Data  Updates  

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FAA  Ques2on    Data  transmi`ed  between  components  in  an  EFIS  are  converted  into:  A.  digital  signals  B.  analog  signals  C.  carrier  wave  signals  

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FAA  Ques2on    Data  transmi`ed  between  components  in  an  EFIS  are  converted  into:  

A.  digital  signals  

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FAA  Ques2on    The  Func2on  of  a  CRT  in  an  EFIS  is  to:  A.  allow  the  pilot  to  select  the  appropriate  system  configura2on  for  the  the  current  flight  situa2on  B.  display  alphanumeric  data  and  representa2ons  of  aircraG  instruments  C.  receive  and  process  input  signals  from  aircraG  and  engine  sensors  and  send  the  data  to  the  appropriate  display  

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FAA  Ques2on    The  Func2on  of  a  CRT  in  an  EFIS  is  to:  

B.  display  alphanumeric  data  and  representa2ons  of  aircraG  instruments  

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FAA  Ques2on    The  func2on  of  a  symbol  generator  (SG)  in  an  EFIS  is  to:  A.  display  alphanumeric  data  and  representa2on  of  aircraG  instruments  B.  allow  the  pilot  to  select  the  appropriate  system  configura2on  for  the  current  flight  situa2on  C.  receive  and  process  input  signals  from  aircraG  and  engine  sensors  and  send  the  data  to  the  appropriate  display  

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FAA  Ques2on    The  func2on  of  a  symbol  generator  (SG)  in  an  EFIS  is  to:  

C.  receive  and  process  input  signals  from  aircraG  and  engine  sensors  and  send  the  data  to  the  appropriate  display  

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FAA  Ques2on    The  func2on  of  a  display  controller  in  an  EFIS  is  to:  A.  display  alphanumeric  data  and  representa2ons  of  aircraG  instruments  B.  allow  the  pilot  to  select  the  appropriate  system  configura2on  for  the  current  flight  situa2on  C.  receive  and  process  input  signals  from  aircraG  and  engine  sensors  and  send  the  data  to  the  appropriate  display  

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FAA  Ques2on    The  func2on  of  a  display  controller  in  an  EFIS  is  to:  

B.  allow  the  pilot  to  select  the  appropriate  system  configura2on  for  the  current  flight  situa2on  

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Glass  Cockpit  -­‐  Summary  •  TAA  –  Technically  Advanced  AircraG  are  Here  •  GPS/WAAS  is  Becoming  a  Must  

•  Low  Maintenance  

•  More  Complicated  Electrical  System  

•  Learn  Your  Computer  Skills  

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Cessna’s  Version  of  G1000  

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Pilot  Interface  

•  PFD  •  Audio  Panel  •  MFD  

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System  Brain  

•  Integrated  Avionics  Unit  (IAU)  

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Posi2on  and  Naviga2on  

•  Aptude  &  Heading  Reference  System  (AHRS)  •  Magne2c  Sensor  

•  Air  Data  Computer  

•  GPS/WAAS  Receiver  

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Radios  

•  Mode-­‐S  transponder  •  XM  Satellite  Radio  

•  Cessna  Uses  External  Garmin  NAV/Com  Radios  

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Sensors  and  Servos  

•  LRU  –  Receiving/Processing  Signals  from  Engine  and  Airframe  Sensors.  

•  Autopilot  Servo  •  Outside  Air  Temperature  Probe  

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References  •  www.faa.gov  •  www.garmin.com  

  Garmin  G1000  NAV  III  Line  Maintenance  Manual  

•  www.flightprep.com  

•  www.nasa.gov  •  www.aopa.com  

•  Plane  and  Pilot  Magazine  

•  Flying  Magazine  

•  www.cessna.com  

•  www.eflybook.com  

•  2005  Federal  Radionaviga2on  Plan  •  www.cirrusdesign.com