Glass Windows In Building Envelope & Energy Efficiency Emelito Punsalan United Architects of the Philippines UAP- Green Architecture Movement Philippine Green Building Initiative ASHRAE, Philippines Chapter LR Punsalan & Associates Glass Windows in Building Envelope and Energy Efficiency – Ar Emelito C Punsalan, PGBI, 25 Nov 2014
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Glass Windows In Building Envelope & Energy Efficiency 2 Emelito Punsalan... · Glass Windows In Building Envelope & Energy Efficiency ... Density Lighting Control ... New Construction
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Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Chilled Water System < ½ use VSD
Office
Buildings
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
Building Indoor
Protection
Building
Insulation
Shading Factor
Views & Daylight
Efficient Lamps
Lighting Power
Density
Lighting Control
Daylighting
Ventilation
Rates
Equipment
Efficiencies
AC Control
System Design
DIAGNOSIS
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
MINIMUM STANDARDS
Arc
ht E
C P
unsala
n M
odule
5 G
reen B
uild
ing S
em
inar,
2012
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
MINIMUM STANDARDS
BUILDING ENVELOPE
1. Thermal Heat Conduction &
Solar Heat Radiation
2. U-value and R-value for walls and
roof • U-value <= 0.151 (walls)
• R-value >= 6 (walls)
• U-value <= 0.044 (metal roof)
3. U-Value, SHGC and VLT for windows • U-value <= 0.47
• SHGC <= 0.35 (north)
<= 0.25 (south, east & west)
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
Prescriptive Requirements
Maximum U-values;
Maximum Solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) values;
Limited glazing area or Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR).
If these requirements are met, the building envelope complies with
the Standards.
-CEC 2005 BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS
MINIMUM STANDARDS
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
Mandatory Measures - The mandatory measures for
doors, windows, and skylights address the airtightness of
the units and how their U-factor and SHGC are
determined.
Certification & Labeling
-CEC 2005 BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS
MINIMUM STANDARDS
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
MINIMUM STANDARDS
Arc
ht E
C P
unsala
n M
odule
5 G
reen B
uild
ing S
em
inar,
2012
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
-CEC 2005 BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS
MINIMUM STANDARDS
Arc
ht E
C P
unsala
n M
odule
5 G
reen B
uild
ing S
em
inar,
2012
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
MINIMUM STANDARDS
Arc
ht E
C P
unsala
n M
odule
5 G
reen B
uild
ing S
em
inar,
2012
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
MINIMUM STANDARDS
-2010 PSVARE STANDARD FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT BLDGS Arc
ht E
C P
unsala
n M
odule
5 G
reen B
uild
ing S
em
inar,
2012
G
lass W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
30
Up to 55% More Efficient
Costs 6X more than BAU
OPPORTUNITIES
High Performing Windows
ISSUES
• Heat Conduction
• Solar Radiation
• Visual
Transmittance
BAU (2.5 - 3X inefficient
from ASHRAE 90.1) U-value 1.11
SHGC 0.86
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
Comparative Analysis of Glass
Single Tinted Glazing Double Tinted Glazing
w/ Air Gap
-EFFICIENT WINDOWS COLLABORATIVE
OPPORTUNITIES
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
Arc
ht E
C P
unsala
n M
odule
5 G
reen B
uild
ing S
em
inar,
2012
Double Low E High
Solar Gain w/ Argon Fill
Double Low E Low Solar
Gain w/ Argon Fill
-EFFICIENT WINDOWS COLLABORATIVE
OPPORTUNITIES
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
Comparative Analysis of Glass
Determining Relative
Solar Heat Gain (RSHG)
Relative solar heat gain
(RSHG) is essentially the
same as SHGC, except
for the external shading
correction. It is calculated
by multiplying the SHGC
of the fenestration
product by an overhang
factor. If an overhang
does not exist, then the
overhang factor is 1.0.
-CEC 2005 BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS
MINIMUM STANDARDS
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
MINIMUM STANDARDS
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
-2010 PSVARE STANDARD FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT BLDGS
Arc
ht E
C P
unsala
n M
odule
5 G
reen B
uild
ing S
em
inar,
2012
2010 PSVARE STANDARDS RECOMMENDATIONS
Window
Orientation
Maximu
m U
Value as
per 2010
PSVARE
Std
Maximum
SHGC as
per 2010
PSVARE
Std
Recommended Minimum
Performing Window
Assembly
Min.
Overhang
dimension
to meet
required
SHGC
Min.
Distance/
height
between
window
sill and
bottom of
overhang
NORTH
Facing
0.47 0.34 Double 6 mm thk
Reflective Clear Glass
with 6 mm wide air gap
and in aluminum frame
with thermal breaks and
insulated spacers
750 mm 1.2
meters
EAST Facing 0.47 0.25 Double 6 mm thk glass
Tinted and Reflective
Glass; or Double Low-E
Reflective glass. Both
with 12.5 mm wide air
gap and in aluminum
frame with thermal
breaks and insulated
spacers
1. to 1.5
meters
for Non
Low-E
1.0 to 1.5
meters for
Low-E
1.0 to
1.50
meters
SOUTH
Facing
0.47 0.25
WEST Facing 0.47 0.25
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
Maximum Window Area
Under the envelope component approach, the total
window area may not exceed 40% of the gross wall area
(encompassing conditioned space) for the building.
Likewise, the west facing window area may not exceed
40% of the west gross wall area
MINIMUM STANDARDS
-2010 PSVARE STANDARD FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT BLDGS
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
Skylight Prescriptive Requirements
1. Maximum area (total plus west facing).
2. Maximum U-factor.
3. Maximum solar heat gain coefficient.
MINIMUM STANDARDS
Arc
ht E
C P
unsala
n M
odule
5 G
reen B
uild
ing S
em
inar,
2012
-2010 PSVARE STANDARD FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT BLDGS
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
Skylight Area - The
area limit for skylights
is 5% of the gross
exterior roof area. The
limit increases to 10%
for buildings with an
atrium over 55 ft high
Skylight SHGC -
Skylights are regulated
only for SHGC, not
RSHG, because
skylights cannot have
overhangs.
MINIMUM STANDARDS
-2010 PSVARE STANDARD FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT BLDGS
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
-2010 PSVARE STANDARD FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT BLDGS
Daylighting
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
MINIMUM STANDARDS
Appropriately sized skylight systems when combined with daylighting controls can dramatically reduce the energy consumption of a building.
With too little skylight area, insufficient light is available
Too much skylight area, solar gains and heat losses through skylights negate the lighting savings with heating and cooling loads.
-CEC 2005 BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS
MINIMUM STANDARDS
Arc
ht E
C P
unsala
n M
odule
5 G
reen B
uild
ing S
em
inar,
2012
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
Daylighting
Source: BNIM Architects & Lake Flato Architects Walking the Walk – by Anna Hoenmans High Performing Buildings ASHRAE, 2008 A
rcht E
C P
unsala
n M
odule
5 G
reen B
uild
ing S
em
inar,
2012
G
lass W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
Infiltration and Air Leakage
Joints and Openings
All joints and other openings in the building envelope
that are potential sources of air leakage must be
caulked, gasketed, weather-stripped, or otherwise
sealed to limit air leakage into or out of the building.
-CEC 2005 BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS
MINIMUM STANDARDS
Arc
ht E
C P
unsala
n M
odule
5 G
reen B
uild
ing S
em
inar,
2012
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
Manufactured
Site-built
Field-fabricated
Doors and windows must be
tested and shown to have
infiltration rates not
exceeding the values shown
Values shown as per NFRC
-CEC 2005 BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS
MINIMUM STANDARDS
Arc
ht E
C P
unsala
n M
odule
5 G
reen B
uild
ing S
em
inar,
2012
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
MINIMUM STANDARDS
Arc
ht E
C P
unsala
n M
odule
5 G
reen B
uild
ing S
em
inar,
2012
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
Arc
ht E
C P
unsala
n –
Wate
r-T
ech P
hils
2012,
SM
X
Thermal Bridging
-THERMAL STUDY IN GLASS WINDOW ASSEMBLIES USING THERM 7
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
OVERALL ENVELOPE
APPROACH & TDV
CALCULATION
Arc
ht E
C P
unsala
n M
odule
5 G
reen B
uild
ing S
em
inar,
2012
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
Overall Envelope Approach
The overall envelope approach treats envelope components as a system and offers the ability to make
simple trade-offs between envelope components.
Overall Envelope TDV Energy Approach.
The total TDV Energy of the overall envelope of the proposed building, TDVprop, shall be no greater than the total TDV Energy of the overall envelope of a standard building, TDVstd,
MINIMUM STANDARDS
-2010 PSVARE STANDARD FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT BLDGS
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
Step 1 – Calculate Conduction
Heat Gain
OVERALL ENVELOPE APPROACH & TDV
CALCULATION
Step 2 – Calculate Radiation Heat Gain from
Opaque Surfaces
Step 3 – Calculate Heat Gain Thru
Fenestration & Skylights
Step 4 – Calculate the Total Heat Gain for
the Standard and Proposed Building
This is the sum of heat gains for each step
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
COMPLIANT! MANDATORY
MEASURES
PRESCRIPTIVE
MEASURES
OVERALL ENVELOPE
APPROACH
Windows, Doors, Roof,
Insulation, Skylight are
labeled and certified
Windows, Doors, Roof,
Insulation, Skylight, Walls
and Floors have to follow
prescribed requirements
Standard OTDV and
Proposed OTDV are
calculated and compared…
StdOTDV > =PropOTDV
O.K.!
OVERALL
PERFORMANCE
APPROACH
Use ENERGY EFFICIENCY
SIMULATION Softwares
OVERALL ENVELOPE APPROACH & TDV
CALCULATION
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
Arc
ht E
C P
unsala
n M
odule
5 G
reen B
uild
ing S
em
inar,
2012
Case Study 1
School Building in
Metro Manila
Thermal Comfort
Power Consumption
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
Case Study 1
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
Case Study 1
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
Case Study 1
Gla
ss W
indow
s in
Build
ing E
nvelo
pe a
nd E
nerg
y E
ffic
iency –
Ar
Em
elit
o C
Punsala
n,
PG
BI,
25 N
ov 2
014
Arc
ht E
C P
unsala
n M
odule
5 G
reen B
uild
ing S
em
inar,
2012
Case Study 2
Proposed Showroom and
Service Center in Rizal Province
New Construction aiming for GREEEN Yakal or Molave Certification