GJRMI - Volume 3, Issue 6 - June 2014

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INDEX ndash GJRMI - Volume 3 Issue 6 June 2014

MEDICINAL PLANTS RESEARCH

Micro-biology

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS FROM

EASTERN ALGERIA

Takia Lograda Messaoud Ramdani Pierre Chalard Gilles Figueredo 232ndash242

Ethno-Botany

ETHNOBOTANICAL PLANTS USED BY THE MALAYALI TRIBES IN YERCAUD HILLS OF

EASTERN GHATS SALEM DISTRICT TAMIL NADU INDIA

Rekha R Senthil Kumar S

243ndash251

Review Article

MICROPROPAGATION AN ESSENTIAL TOOL TO FLOURISH ENDANGERED MEDICINAL

PLANTS

Sharma Rohit

252ndash262

Review Article

A REVIEW ON MICROBIAL ENDOPHYTES FROM PLANTS A TREASURE SEARCH FOR

BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE METABOLITES

Ruby Jalgaonwala Raghunath Mahajan

263ndash277

COVER PAGE PHOTOGRAPHY DR HARI VENKATESH K R PLANT ID ndash INFLORESCENCE OF ANKOLA ndash ALANGIUM SALVIIFOLIUM

(LF) WANG OF THE FAMILY CORNACEAE PLACE ndash KOPPA CHIKKAMAGALUR DISTRICT

KARNATAKA INDIA

Global J Res Med Plants amp Indigen Med | Volume 3 Issue 6 | June 2014 | 232ndash242

Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants amp Indigenous Medicine || GJRMI ||

ISSN 2277-4289 | wwwgjrmicom | International Peer reviewed Open access Monthly Online Journal

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF ROSMARINUS

OFFICINALIS FROM EASTERN ALGERIA

Takia Lograda1

Messaoud Ramdani2 Pierre Chalard

3 Gilles Figueredo

4

1 2

Laboratory of Natural Resource Valorisation SNV Faculty Ferhat Abbas University 19000 Setif Algeria 3Clermont Universiteacute ENSCCF Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand BP 10448 F-63000 CLERMONT-

FERRAND France 3CNRS UMR 6296 ICCF F-63171 Aubiegravere France

4LEXVA Analytique 460 rue du Montant 63110 Beaumont France

Corresponding author Email- tlograda63yahoofr Phone(213)36835894Fax (213) 36937943

Received 05052014 Revised 25052014 Accepted 02062014

ABSTRACT

The hydro-distillation of the essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis gave a viscous liquid with a

whitish colour The average yield of essential oil of the samples is 023 This investigation allows

us to support that R officinalis includes six chemotypes in eastern Algerian The difference of these

chemotypes variants is the concentration of Eucalyptol campene α-pinene and camphor The

antibacterial activity of the essential oils chemotypes was evaluated against nine bacteria

(Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047 MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)

Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 Pseudomonas syringae

Salmonella sp Serratia liquefaciens ATCC 27592 Serratia marcescens ATCC 14756 and Shigella

sp) The results showed that the essential oils have inhibited growth of bacterial strains The essential

oils chemotypes of Kherrata and the Bibans regions generally exhibit antibacterial activity against

the microorganismsrsquo tested The camphor chemotype with three variants exhibits a moderate

antibacterial activity

KEYWORDS Rosmarinus officinalis Lamiaceae Chemotype antibacterial activity Algeria

Research Article

Cite this article

Takia Lograda Messaoud Ramdani Pierre Chalard Gilles Figueredo (2014)

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS

FROM EASTERN ALGERIA Global J Res Med Plants amp Indigen Med Volume 3(6) 232ndash242



INTRODUCTION

The essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis

contains mainly monoterpenes (Angioni et al

2004 Diaz-Maroto et al 2007) Principal

volatile compounds are camphor and

eucalyptol followed by borneol verbenone α-

pinene and camphene (Pino et al 1998

Zaouali et al 2005 Diaz-Maroto et al 2007

Calin-Sanchez et al 2011 Apostolides et al

2013 Lograda et al 2013) The volatile

compounds from rosemary samples could be

grouped in chemical families therefore the

predominant group was monoterpenoids (Bozin

et al 2007 Szumny et al 2010 Calin-

Sanchez et al 2011)

The chemical composition and seasonal

variations in rosemary oil were reported from

southern Spain (Salido et al 2003 Jordan et

al 2011 2013) All the samples studied by

Salido et al (2003) belonging to chemotypes

(α-pinene - 1 8-cineole - camphor) Jordan et

al (2013) identified five chemotypes based on

α-pinene - 1 8-cineole - camphor The

chemical polymorphism of the essential oil of

wild rosemary Spanish populations has been

reported and different chemotypes were defined

according to the geographical area (Varela et

al 2009) In a previous work five chemotypes

distributed in eastern Algeria were identified

(Lograda et al 2013)

Rosmarinus officinalis oil is widely used in

cosmetic food and pharmaceutical industries as

a fragrance component of soaps creams

lotions and perfumes Although it is popular

potential harmful side-effects of this oil have

been described The genotoxicity and

mutagenicity are confirmed by Maistro et al

(2010) The rosemary leaves are used in fried

chicken (Viuda-Martos et al 2010) The

rosemary essential oils have a number of

beneficial properties as natural preservatives in

cosmetics toiletries drugs and food products

(Bakkali et al 2008 Reichling et al 2009)

Sienkiewicz et al 2012)

The anti-inflammatory property of

rosemary extracts was reported by Masuda et

al (2001) Bozin et al (2007) Altinier et al

(2007) Poeckel et al (2008) Viuda-Martos et

al (2010) The interest was also generated due

to the anticarcinogenic activity (Cheung and

Tai 2001) The essential oil of R officinalis

showed antimytotic and antifungal activity

(Yang et al 2011 Mugnaini et al 2012) All

extracts of R officinalis were effective in

inhibiting bacterial growth (Abutbul et al

2004 Bozin et al 2007) Antimicrobial and

antioxidant activities of rosemary are

demonstrated (Faixova and Faix 2008 Kadri et

al 2011)

According to Lopez et al (2005) the oils

from R officinalis have an antibacterial

potential against the Gram-positive and Gram-

negative bacteria The authors presented a

detailed analysis of the tested oils and their

ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria The

rosemary oil has an antibacterial effect on a

number of microorganisms responsible for

respiratory infections (Fabio et al 2007)

Rosemary oil was found to demonstrate

antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli

strains with different patterns of resistance

(Probuseenivasan et al 2006 Sienkiewicz et

al 2013) The essential oil from R tournefortii

exhibited strong antibacterial activity against

Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

and Staphylococcus aureus (Bendeddouche et

al 2011) All chemotypes of R officinalis

studied possessed antibacterial activities

(Wang et al 2012)

Though the flowering aerial part of this

plant commonly is used because of its

antiseptic properties heretofore there is no

report that investigated the antimicrobial

activity of this plant in eastern Algeria This

study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial

activities of the chemotype essential oils of

wild plants of R officinalis largely used in

Algeria obtained from samples grown in

Eastern Algeria as well as to validate its

traditionally uses



Figure 1 Populations of Rosmarinus officinalis studied

MATERIALS amp METHODS

Plant material

Rosmarinus officinalis is collected from

five localities in eastern Algeria Kherrata

(Bedjaia) Boutaleb (Setif) Bibans (Bourdj

Bou-Arriridj) Agmeroual and Nrsquogaous

(Batna) and Boussacircada (MrsquoSila) (Figure 1)

The plant identification was performed by Dr

Lograda Takia The voucher specimens are

preserved in the Herbarium at the Department

of Biology and Ecology Vegetal Setif

University Algeria Aerial parts were collected

during the flowering stage in October 2013

Extraction of the essential oil

The air-dried aerial parts of the six

populations were subjected to hydro-distillation

for 3 h with distilled water using a Clevenger-

type apparatus The oil obtained was collected

and dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and

stored in screw capped glass vials in a

refrigerator at 4ndash5degC prior to the analysis

Antibacterial Activity

The antimicrobial activities of the essential

oils were evaluated against three Gram positive

(Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047 MRSA

(Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)

Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) and six

Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli

ATCC 25922 Pseudomonas syringae

Salmonella sp Serratia liquefaciens ATCC

27592 Serratia marcescens ATCC 14756

Shigella sp) The bacterial inoculums was

prepared from overnight broth culture in

physiological saline (08 of NaCl) in order to

obtain an optical density ranging from 008ndash01

at 625 nm Muller-Hinton agar (MH agar) and

MH agar supplemented with 5 sheep blood

for fastidious bacteria were poured in Petri

dishes solidified and surface dried before

inoculation Sterile discs (6 mm Φ) were placed

on inoculated agars by test bacteria filled with

10 μl of mother solution and diluted essential

oil (11 12 14 and 18 vv of DMSO)

DMSO was used as negative control Bacterial

growth inhibition was determined as the



diameter of the inhibition zones around the

discs All tests were performed in triplicate

Then Petri dishes were incubated at 37degC

during 18 to 24h aerobically After incubation

inhibition zone diameters were measured and

documented

RESULTS

The hydro-distillation of the essential oil of

R officinalis gave a viscous liquid with a

whitish colour The average yield of essential

oil of the samples is 023 the highest rate

was observed in the essential oil of Kherrata

population (035) while the population of

Agmeroual was characterised by the lowest

yield (010) R officinalis of eastern Algeria

includes several chemotypes (Table 1) The

first chemotype to eucalyptol has two variants

the first variant (E-Ca-αP-C) characterizes

Kherrata population the second chemotype (E-

αP-Ca-C) characterizes the Bibans population

The difference of these two chemotype variants

is the concentration of Eucalyptol and camphor

The second chemotype to camphor had three

variants the variant (Ca-C-αP-E) characterized

Boussacircada population Agmeroual population

contained the variant (Ca-αP-C-E) while the

third variant (Ca-αP-E-C) of this chemotype

was found in the region of Ngaous The third

chemotype to α-pinene (αP-Ca-E-C) in R

officinalis of eastern Algeria characterized the

population of Boutaleb

The antibacterial activity of the essential oil

chemotypes was evaluated against nine bacteria



Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923

Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 Pseudomonas

syringae Salmonella sp Serratia liquefaciens

ATCC 27592 Serratia marcescens ATCC

14756 and Shigella sp) The disc diameters of

inhibition zone of essential oils for the

microorganisms tested are grouped in Table 2

The results showed that the essential oils have

inhibited the growth of bacterial strains The

diameters of the inhibition zone are between (0

and 40 mm) these diameters depended on the

sensitivity of the bacteria tested

The essential oil chemotypes of Kherrata

and the Bibans regions generally exhibited

antibacterial activity against the

microorganismsrsquo tested with an inhibition

diameter between 7 and 15 mm The

chemotype of Bibans populations had a high

activity with a dilution frac12 on Staphylococcus

aureus with a diameter of 40 mm (Figure 2)

The camphor chemotype with three variants

exhibits a moderate antibacterial activity with

an inhibition diameter (7ndash20 mm) The

essential oil is active on Enterobacter cloacea

with different dilutions The dilution 12 of

Agmeroual chemotype inhibited Escherichia

coli strongly with a diameter of 20 mm and no

effect was seen on Pseudomonas syringae

(Figure 3)

The chemotype of Boutaleb (α-pinene

variant) had an inhibitory effect with an

inhibition diameter (7ndash15 mm) This

chemotype is active on Enterobacter cloacae

and no activity on Pseudomonas syringae in the

frac14 dilution (Figure 4)

Table 1 Volatile profile of Rosemary essential oils selected by chemotype (Lograda et al 2013)

Populations Kherrata Bibans Agmeroual Ngaous Boussaacircda Boutaleb

Yield (vv)

035 03 02 01 025 015

Chemotypes Eucalyptol Camphor α-pinene

E-Ca-αP-

C

E-αP-Ca-C Ca-αP-C-E Ca-αP-E-C Ca-C-αP-

E

αP-Ca-C-

E Eucalyptol 355 422 54 121 66 88

α-pinene 114 138 169 136 151 252

Camphor 145 91 388 169 427 241

Camphene 80 53 138 37 177 227 Chemotype classification in relation with the chemical compounds found in rosemary samples

E = eucalyptol αP = α-pinene Ca = camphor C = camphene



Table 2 Inhibition diameter (mm) of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil chemotype

Populations Kherrata Bibans Boussacircada Agmeroual Nrsquogaous Boutaleb

Chemotypes E-Ca-αp-C E-αp-Ca-C Ca-C-αp-E Ca-αp-C-E Ca-αp-E-C αp-Ca-E-C

Bacteria G Dilution Dilution Dilution

frac12 frac14 18 frac12 frac14 18 frac12 frac14 18 frac12 frac14 18 frac12 frac14 18 frac12 frac14 18

1 14 15 13 11 20 10 11 10 9 11 20 9 8 8 8 12 10 12 10

2 0 12 12 9 15 11 10 10 8 9 11 10 8 8 7 14 13 10 10

3 14 10 9 9 11 15 10 9 7 12 12 8 8 10 12 14 15 8 11

4 10 12 13 12 12 9 10 19 7 10 0 0 0 10 9 9 7 0 11

5 16 9 8 10 13 7 12 10 10 10 7 7 7 10 12 11 10 8 10

6 10 11 8 14 15 9 13 15 10 15 13 10 11 10 8 9 14 13 12

7 12 8 8 10 10 9 8 9 12 10 15 11 10 8 7 7 12 10 13

8 15 11 9 12 40 15 10 10 15 15 8 7 0 15 12 10 10 8 10

9 25 10 9 12 12 13 13 20 15 12 20 12 15 10 13 11 11 11 10

1 Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 2 Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047 3 MRSA = Methicillin-resistant

Staphylococcus aureus 4 Pseudomonas syringae 5 Salmonella sp 6 Serratia liquefaciens ATCC 27592 7

Serratia marcescens ATCC 14756 8 Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 9 Shigella sp

G = Gentamicine E = eucalyptol αP = α-pinene Ca = camphor C = camphene

Figure 2 Antibacterial activity of Kherrata and Bibans chemotypes

G frac12 frac14 18 frac12 frac14 18

Dilution

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Inhib

itio

n d

iam

ete

r (m

m)

E-Ca-ap-C

KherrataE-ap-Ca- C

Bibans

Escherichia coli

Enterobacter cloacae

MRSA

Pseudomonas syringae

Salmonella sp

Serratia l iquefaciens

Serratia marcescens

Staphylococcus aureus

Shigella sp



Figure 3 Antibacterial activity of Boussaada Agmeroual and Nrsquogaous Chemotypes

Figure 4 Antibacterial activity of Boutaleb Chemotype

Gentamicine

frac12

frac14

18

frac12

frac14

18

frac12

frac14

18

Dilution

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26In

hib

itio

n d

iam

ete

r (m

m)

Escherichia coli


MRSA


Salmonella sp


Serratia marcescens


Shigella sp

Ca-C-ap-E Boussacircada Ca-ap-C-E AgmeroualCa-ap-E-C Nrsquogaous

G frac12 frac14 18

Dilution

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

Inh

ibit

ion

dia

met

er (

mm

)

Escherichia coli


MRSA


Salmonella sp


Serratia marcescens


Shigella sp

ap-Ca-E-C Boutaleb



DISCUSSION

Our returns of the essential oil are low

compared to those of the literature This yield is

between 06 and 08 (Atti-Santos et al 2005

Bekkara et al 2007) Ayadi et al (2011) found

a yield (071ndash2) which indicates that the yield

of rosemary varies according to geographical

location

The chemical components of the essential

oil of R officinalis showed that α-pinene

camphene eucalyptol and camphor are the

major products (Jordan et al 2013 Mugnaini

et al 2012 Sienkiewicz et al 2013

Matsuzaki et al 2013 Derwich et al 2011

Fadli et al 2011 Jalali-Heravi et al 2011

Issabeagloo et al 2012 Hussain et al 2011

Mudasir et al 2012 Verma et al 2011 Yang

et al 2011 Sui et al 2012 Aderiana et al

2013 Lograda et al 2013)

Based on the majority of Rosemary

components the authors identified three

chemotypes (Issabeagloo et al 2012 Mudasir

et al 2012 Sui et al 2012 Mugnaini et al

2012 Jordan et al 2013 Sienkiewicz et al

2013 Matsuzaki et al 2013 Aderiana et al

2013) the same chemotypes are found in our

samples with the presence of five variants The

eastern Algeria samples showed an average

antibacterial activity on all tested bacteria the

same observations were mentioned in the

literature (Lopez et al 2005 Probuseenivasan

et al 2006 Fabio et al 2007 Jiang et al

2011 Sienkiewicz et al 2013) This may be

partly due to the fact that the essential oils

contained more oxygenated compounds and

these classes of compounds have been proved

to possess strong antibacterial activities (Deba

et al 2008)

Generally the essential oils of R officinalis

have shown broad spectra of activity against

the tested microorganisms the same findings

were made by Gachkar et al (2007) on some

species of the genus The antimicrobial

property of the essential oil of R officinalis is

attributed to the presence of α-pinene 18-

cineole camphor verbinone and borneol

(Santoyo et al 2005) the quantities of these

compounds were very high in our oils

CONCLUSION

Six variants of Rosemary chemotypes

localized in eastern Algeria were used in the

determination of the antimicrobial activity

against the gram positive and negative bacteria

by the disc diffusion method The essential oil

obtained by hydrodistillation was more active

against microorganisms than the antibiotic

gentamicine The essential oils showed

inhibition zones against all micro-organisms

tested The Results indicate that essential oils

of Rosmarinus officinalis present significant

antimicrobial activity This antimicrobial

activity can be linked to its higher content of

oxygenated compounds This study provides

additional data of antibacterial activity of the

essential oils of R officinalis growing in

Algeria

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The work was supported by Algerian

MESRS and Chemical Laboratory of

carbohydrates Heterocyclic of Clermont

Ferrant France

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Zilberg D (2004) Use of Rosmarinus

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Streptococcus iniae in tilapia

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97ndash105

Adriana M Ojeda-Sana C M van Baren M A

Elechosa M A Juarez S M (2013) New

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195



Altinier G Sosa S Aquino RP Mencherini T

Loggia RD Tubaro A (2007)

Characterization of topical

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Angioni A Barra A Cereti E Barile D

Coisson JD Arlorio M Dessi S

Coroneo V Cabras P (2004) Chemical

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Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52

3530ndash3535

Apostolides Nelly Arnold Marc El Beyrouthy

Wissal Dhifi Samir Najm Fabrice

Cazier Wafaa Najem Madonna Labaki

Antoine AbouKaiumls (2013) Chemical

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Rosmarinus officinalis L Essential Oil

Growing Wild in Lebanon Journal of

Essential Oil Bearing Plants 16(2)

274ndash282

Atti-Santos Ana Cristina Marcelo Rossato

Gabriel Fernandes Pauletti Luciana

Duarte Rota Juarez Ciro Rech Marcia

Regina Pansera Fabiana Agostini

Luciana Atti Serafini and Patrick

Moyna (2005) Physico-chemical

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Biology and Technology 48(6) 1035ndash

1039

Ayadi S Jerribi C Abderrabba M (2011)

Extraction et eacutetude des huiles

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cueillie dans trois reacutegions diffeacuterentes de

la Tunisie Journal de la Socieacuteteacute

Algeacuterienne de Chimie 21(1) 25ndash33

Bekkara F Atik Bousmaha L Taleb Bendiab S

A Boti J B Casanova J (2007)

Composition chimique de lrsquohuile

essentielle de Rosmarinus officinalis L

poussant agrave lrsquoeacutetat spontaneacute et cultiveacute de

la reacutegion de Tlemcen Biologie amp Santeacute

7(1) 6ndash11

Bendeddouche M S Benhassaini H Hazem Z

Romane A (2011) Essential oil analysis

and antibacterial activity of Rosmarinus

tournefortii from Algeria Nat Prod

Commun 6 1511ndash1514

Bozin B Mimica-Dukic N Samojlik I Jovin E

(2007) Antimicrobial and antioxidant

properties of rosemary and sage

(Rosmarinus officinalis L and Salvia

officinalis L Lamiaceae) essential oils

Journal of Agricultural and Food

Chemistry 55 7879ndash7885

Calin-Sanchez Angel Antoni Szumny Adam

Figiel Klaudiusz Jałoszynski Maciej

Adamski Angel A Carbonell-

Barrachin (2011) Effects of vacuum

level and microwave power on

rosemary volatile composition during

vacuumndashmicrowave drying Journal of

Food Engineering 103 219ndash227

Cheung S Tai J (2001) Anti-proliferative and

antioxidant properties of rosemary

Rosmarinus officinalis Oncol Rep 17

1525ndash1531

Deba F Xuan TD Yasudaa M Tawata S

(2008) Chemical composition and

antioxidant antibacterial and antifungal

activities of the essential oils from

Bidens pilosa Linn var Radiata Food

Control 19 346ndash352

Derwich E Benziane Z Chabir R (2011)

Aromatic and Medicinal Plants of

Morocco Chemical Composition of

essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis

and Juniperus Phoenicea International

Journal of Applied Biology and

Pharmaceutical Technology 2(1) 145ndash

153



Diaz-Maroto MC Perez-Coello MS Sanchez-

Palomo E Gonzalez-Vinas MA (2007)

Impact of drying and storage time on

sensory characteristics of rosemary

(Rosmarinus officinalis L) Journal of

Sensory Studies 22 34ndash48

Fabio A Cermelli C Fabio G Nicoletti P

Quaglio P (2007) Screening of the

antibacterial effects of a variety of

essential oils on microorganisms

responsible for respiratory infections

Phytother Res 21 374ndash377

Fadli Mariam Jacqueline Chevalier Asmaa

Saad Nour-Eddine Mezrioui Lahcen

Hassani Jean-Marie Pages (2011)

Essential oils from Moroccan plants as

potential chemosensitisers restoring

antibiotic activity in resistant Gram-

negative bacteria International Journal

of Antimicrobial Agents 38 325ndash330

Faixov ZR Faix S (2008) Biological effects of

Rosmary (Rosmarinus officinalis)

essensial oil (A Review) Folia

Veterinaria 5(3-4) 135ndash139

Gachkar L Yadegari D Rezaei MB

Taghizadeh M Astaneh SA Rasooli I

(2007) Chemical and biological

characteristics of Cuminum cyminum

and Rosmarinus officinalis essential

oils Food Chemistry 102 898ndash904

Hussain Abdullah I Farooq Anwar Poonam S

Nigam Satyajit D Sarker John E

Moore Juluri R Rao Anisha Mazumdar

(2011) Antibacterial activity of some

Lamiaceae essential oils using resazurin

as an indicator of cell growth LWT

Food Science and Technology 44

1199ndash1206

Issabeagloo Eilyad Parviz Kermanizadeh

Mohammad Taghizadieh Reza Forughi

(2012) Antimicrobial effects of

rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L)

essential oils against Staphylococcus

spp African Journal of Microbiology

Research 6(23) 5039ndash5042

Jalali-Heravi Mehdi Rudabeh Sadat Moazeni

Hassan Sereshti (2011) Analysis of

Iranian rosemary essential oil

Application of gas chromatographyndash

mass spectrometry combined with

chemometrics Journal of

Chromatography A 1218 2569ndash2576

Jiang Y Wu N Fu Y-J Wang W Luo M Zhao

CJ Zu YG Liu XL (2011) Chemical

composition and antimicrobial activity

of the essential oil of Rosemary

Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 32 63ndash

68

Jordan MJ Lax V Martinez C Aouissat M

Sotomayor JA 2011 Chemical

intraspecific variability and chemotypes

determination of Rosmarinus officinalis

L in the region of Murcia Acta

Horticulturae 925 109ndash114

Jordan MJ Vanesa Lax Maria C Rota Susana

Loran Joseacute A Sotomayor (2013)

Effect of bioclimatic area on the

essential oil composition and

antibacterial activity of Rosmarinus

officinalis L Food Control 30 463ndash

468

Kadri Adel Zied Zarai Ines BenChobba

Ahmed Beacutekir Neacuteji Gharsallah

Mohamed Damak Radhouane Gdoura

(2011) Chemical constituents and

antioxidant properties of Rosmarinus

officinalis L essential oil cultivated

from the South-Western of Tunisia

Journal of Medicinal Plants Research

5(29) 6502ndash6508

Lopez P Sanchez C Battle R Nerin C (2005)

Soilid- and vapour-phase antimicrobial

activities of six essential oils

Susceptibility of selected foodborne

bacterial and fungal strains Agric Food

Chem 53 6939ndash6946



Maistro EL Mota SF Lima EB Bernardes

BM Goulart FC (2010) Genotoxicity

and mutagenicity of Rosmarinus

officinalis (Labiatae) essential oil in

mammalian cells in vivo Genetics and

Molecular Research 9(4) 2113ndash2122

Martins MR Tinoco MT Almeida AS Cruz-

Morais J (2012) Chemical

Composition Antioxidant and

Antimicrobial properties of three

Essential oils from Portuguese Flora

Journal of Pharmacognosy 3(1) 39ndash44

Masuda T Inaba Y Takeda Y (2001)

Antioxidant mechanism of carnosic

acid structural identification of two

oxidation products J Agric Food


Matsuzaki Yusuke Toshiyuki Tsujisawa

Tatsuji Nishihara Mari Nakamura

Yasuaki Kakinoki (2013) Antifungal

activity of chemotype essential oils

from rosemary against Candida

albicans Open Journal of Stomatology

3 176ndash182

Mudasir A Tantry Syed Shabir Reehana Khan

Afsha Habib Seema Akbar (2012)

Determination of Essential Oil

Composition of Rosmarinus officinalis

Growing as Exotic species in Kashmir

Valley Chemistry of Natural

Compounds 47(6) 1012ndash1014

Mugnaini L Nardoni S Pinto L Pistelli L

Leonardi M Pisseri F Mancianti F

(2012) In vitro and in vivo antifungal

activity of some essential oils against

feline isolates of Microsporum canis

Journal de Mycologie Meacutedicale 22

179ndash184

Pino JA Estrarron M Fuentes V (1998)

Essential Oil of Rosemary (Rosmarinus

Officinalis L) from Cuba J Essent Oil

Res 10 111

Poeckel D Greiner C Verhoff M Rau O

Tausch L Heornig C Steinhilber D

Schubert-Zsilavecz M Werz O (2008)

Carnosic acid and carnosol potently

inhibit human 5-lipoxygenase and

suppress pro-inflammatory responses of

stimulated human polymorphonuclear

leukocytes Biochem Pharmacol 76

91ndash97

Prabuseenivasan S Jayakumar M Ignacimuthu

S (2006) In vitro antibacterial activity

of some plant essential oils BMC

Complement Altern Med 6 39

Reichling J Schnitzler P Suschke U Saller R

(2009) Essential oils of aromatic plants

with antibacterial antifungal antiviral

and cytotoxic properties-An overview

Forsch Komplementmed 16 79ndash90

Salido S Altarejos J Nogueras M Sanchez A

Luque P (2003) Chemical composition

and seasonal variations of rosemary oil

from Southern Spain Journal of

Essentials Oil Research 15 10ndash14

Santoyo S Cavero S Jaime L Ibanez E

Senorans FJ Reglero G (2005)

Chemical composition and

antimicrobial activity of Rosmarinus

officinalis L essential oil obtained via

supercritical fluid extraction Journal of

Food Protection 68(4) 790ndash795

Sienkiewicz M Kowalczyk E Wasiela M

(2012) Recent patents regarding

essential oils and the significance of

their constituents in human health and

treatment Recent Pat Anti Infect Drug

Discov 7 133ndash140

Sienkiewicz Monika Monika Lysakowska

Marta Pastuszka Wojciech Bienias

Edward Kowalczyk (2013) The

Potential of Use Basil and Rosemary

Essential Oils as Effective Antibacterial

Agents Molecules 18 9334ndash9351



Sui Xiaoyu Tingting Liu Chunhui Ma Lei

Yang Yuangang Zu Lin Zhang Hua

Wang (2012) Microwave irradiation to

pretreat rosemary (Rosmarinus

officinalis L) for maintaining

antioxidant content during storage and

to extract essential oil simultaneously

Food Chemistry 131 1399ndash1405

Szumny Antoni Adam Figiel Antonio

Gutierrez-Ortiz Angel A Carbonell

Barrachina (2010) Composition of

rosemary essential oil (Rosmarinus

officinalis) as affected by drying

method Journal of Food Engineering

97 253ndash260

Takia Lograda Messaoud Ramdani Pierre

Chalard Gilles Figueredo (2013)

Characteristics of Essential oils of

Rosmarinus officinalis from eastern

Algeria Global J Res Med Plants amp

Indigen Med 2(12) 794ndash807

Varela F Navarrete P Cristobal R Fanlo M

Melero R Sotomayor J A (2009)

Variability in the chemical composition

of wild Rosmarinus officinalis L Acta


Verma Ram S Laiqur Rahman Sunita Mishra

Rajesh K V Amit Chauhan Anand

Singh (2011) Changes in essential oil

content and composition of leaf and leaf

powder of Rosmarinus officinalis cv

CIM-Hariyali during storage Maejo Int

J Sci Technol 5(02) 181ndash190

Viuda-Martos M El Gendy A E-N G S

Sendra E Fernandez-Lopez J Abd El

Razik K A Omer E A Jose A Perez-

Alvarez (2010) Chemical composition

and antioxidant and anti-Listeria

activities of essential oils obtained from

some Egyptian plants Journal

Agriculture Food Chemistry 58(16)

9063ndash9070

Wang Wei Nan Li Meng Luo Yuangang Zu

Thomas Efferth (2012) Antibacterial

Activity and Anticancer Activity of


Compared to That of Its Main

Components Molecules 17 2704ndash

2713

Yang Jiang Nan Wu Yu-Jie Fu Wei Wang

Meng Luo Chun-Jian Zhao Yuan-

Gang Zu Xiao-Lei Liu (2011)


antimicrobial activity of the essential oil

of Rosemary Environmental

Toxicology and Pharmacology 32 63ndash

68

Zaouali Y Messaoud C BenSalah A Boussaid

M (2005) Oil composition variability

among populations in relationship with

their ecological areas in Tunisian

Rosmarinus officinalis L Flavour

Fragrance J 20 512ndash520

Source of Support Algerian MESRS and

Chemical Laboratory of carbohydrates

Heterocyclic of Clermont Ferrant France

Conflict of Interest None Declared




ETHNOBOTANICAL PLANTS USED BY THE

MALAYALI TRIBES IN YERCAUD HILLS OF EASTERN GHATS

SALEM DISTRICT TAMIL NADU INDIA

Rekha R

1 Senthil Kumar S

2

1 2PG and Research Department of Botany Vivekanandha College of Arts and Science for Women

(Autonomous) Elayampalayam Tiruchengode Namakkal(DT) Tamil Nadu India

Corresponding Author E- Mail rekha87rajagmailcom


ABSTRACT

An ethno-botanical survey was carried out among the Malayali tribals in Yercaud Hills Southern

Eastern Ghats Salem district Tamil Nadu India during November 2012ndashMarch 2014 This study

mainly focused on the plants used by the Malayali tribes for various purposes (Construction

materials house hold implements brushing fuel wood agriculture tools religious decorative to

ward off evil spirits) through standardized questionnaires interviews and discussions with very old

and knowledgeable tribals A total of 84 plant species belonging to 70 genera and 42 families were

recorded in the present study These extremely important plants should be taken into account and

steps have to be taken to increase their production for future benefit

KEY WORDS Yercaud hills Malayali tribes Ethno-botany

Research Article

Cite this article

Rekha R Senthil Kumar S (2014) ETHNOBOTANICAL PLANTS USED BY THE

MALAYALI TRIBES IN YERCAUD HILLS OF EASTERN GHATS SALEM DISTRICT

TAMIL NADU INDIA Global J Res Med Plants amp Indigen Med Volume 3(6) 243ndash251



INTRODUCTION

Plants are used against a number of

diseases by many indigenous communities in

traditional medicine plants are also used in

building materials fodder weapons and other

commodities of economical importance The

tribal people are economically backward ethnic

groups and constitute separate socio-cultural

groups Many local and indigenous

communities in Asian countries meet their

basic needs from the forest products they

manufacture and sell based on their traditional

knowledge (John Kennedy 2006) Yercaud

hills have been gifted with enormous number

of plant species Tribal people living in

Yercaud hills depend on these plants for their

survival These plants play a vital role in their

life as these people depend on the forest wealth

to meet their needs Their economic condition

is determined by these plants Yercaud hill

range is situated to the north-east part of

Eastern Ghats Salem district Tamil Nadu

India with rich vegetation and it covers an area

of 150 square miles (390 Sq km) It lies

between 11deg45rsquo56rdquo N latitude and 78deg17rsquo55rdquo E

longitude The temperature ranges from 13degC

to 29degC on the peaks and 25degC to 40degC at the

foot hills The average annual rainfall is around

1500ndash1750 mm The indigenous people

inhabiting Yercaud hill are called Malayali the

oldest group of the branch of the ethnic group

in South India Malayali simply means a hill

person an appellation distinguishing them from

the people of plains In physical appearance

they scarcely differ from the people of plains

They speak Tamil dialect of their own They

are supposed to be descendants of

Kanchipuram vellalar They appear to have

migrated from Kanchipuram (a town near

Chennai Tamil Nadu India) between seventh

and eleventh centuries The tribals are mostly

working as casual laborers in coffee estates

They are cultivating food grains fruits and

vegetable (Alagesaboopathi et al 1996)

Malayali tribals use more number of plants for

various purposes like for making construction

materials house hold implements brushing

plants fuel wood agriculture tools religious

decorative to ward off evil spirits etc This

study enumerates such useful plants which are

used by Malayali tribals in Yercaud Hills

Eastern Ghats Tamil Nadu India

Data Collection

Frequent field surveys were carried out in

Yercaud hills in different seasons during

November 2012ndashMarch 2014 Information on the plants was collected through personal

interview with village headman farmers and

other knowledgeable tribals The interviews

were conducted in the local language (Tamil)

the information includes local names plant

parts used and method of utilization was

gathered from them with regard to each plant

The collected information was recorded on

field note books and plants were identified

using the Flora of the Presidency of Madras

(Gamble 1935) and Flora of Tamil Nadu-

Carnatic (Matthew 1983) Plant specimens

were deposited for future references in the

Botany department Vivekanandha College of

Arts and Sciences for women (Autonomous)

Elayampalayam Tiruchengode Namakkal

(DT) Tamil Nadu India

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The present study focused mainly on the

role of non timber forest products in the

livelihood of Malayali tribes of Yercaud hills

Salem district Tamil Nadu India During the

study period 84 plant species belonging to 70

genera and 42 families were identified to be

utilized by Malayali tribes (Table 1) The

reported plants were arranged to their

Botanical Name Vernacular name as recorded

during field work habit and uses Plants

utilized by Malayali tribes can be classified

under various categories like fuel wood plants

house construction and house hold implements

agriculture tools religious importance plants

plants used to ward off evil afflictions hair

care and toothbrush The plants listed mainly

belong to Rubiaceae (6 species) followed by

Fabaceae and Moraceae (5 species)

Mimosaceae Rutaceae and Poaceae (4

species) Combretaceae Anacardiaceae

Euphorbiaceae Apocynaceae (3 species)

Asparagaceae Alangiaceae Asclepidaceae



Meliaceae Caesalpiniaceae Verbenaceae

Arecaceae Ebenaceae Lamiaceae Tiliaceae

Myrtaceae and Dipterocarpaceae (2 species)

Araceae Acanthaceae Annonaceae

Papaveraceae Bambusaceae Borangiaceae

Cyperaceae Droseraceae Proteaceae

Convolvulaceae Gyrocarpeaceae Ulmaceae

Malvaceae Lythraceae Nyctaginaceae

Moringaceae Salicaceae Araliaceae

Asteraceae and Rhamnaceae (1 species) From

the study it was observed that 51 taxa are trees

(60) 23 taxa are herbs (20) and 10 taxa are

shrub (12)

Fire wood plants

One of the most important non timber

forest products for daily life is fuel wood the

only means of energy source of Malayali

tribes The fuel wood species are collected

from the forest near to the hamlets The species

preferred for fire wood to their comfortable

availability and inflammability According to

Malayali tribes which are not considered as a

source of good timber are treated as fire wood

The fire wood utilized by Malayali tribes

belong to 15 species 15 genera and 10

families they are Albizzia lebbeck Benth

Bauhinia tomentosa L Buchanania

angustifolia Roxb Chomelia astiactica OKze

Diospyros montana Roxb Gyrocarpus

americanus Jacq Holopetela integrifolia

(Roxb) Planch Mallotus philippensis M Arg

Moringa oleifera Lamk Plectronia didyma

Kurz Salix tetrasperma Roxb Shorea robusta

Roth Syzygium cumini (L) Skeels Terminalia

bellerica Roxb and Zanthoxylum budrunga

Wall

House construction and house hold

implements

Malayali tribes have good Knowledge to

use natural resources specifically plants for

their day-to-day life Malayali tribes use

Gyrocarpus americanus Jacq leaves to make

meal plate Phoenix sylverstris Roxb leaves to

make broom stick Cyperus rotundus L

Ophiuros exalatus OKtz Oryza sativa L

Sorghum vulgare L are used for roofing and

thatching Mature stem of Cassia fistula Linn

Chloroxylon swietenia DC Dalberiga latifolia

Roxb Grewia tiliaefolia Vahl and Terminalia

chebula Retz were used to make pounder

Mature stem of Artocarpus hirsutus Lam is

used to make churn-staff woody stem of

Mangifera indica L is used to make wood

grinder leaves of Cassia fistula Linn is used

for ripening of fruits Gmelina arborea Roxb

mature stem is used as a stick for musical

instrument the fibers from the leaf fibers of

Agave americana L and Agave angustifolia

Haw are used for making coir the culm of

Bambusa arundinacea Willd is used for

making various types of baskets leaves of

Corypha umbracalifer L is used for making

baskets and decoration in ceremonies

Wood forms an important construction

material for houses cattle sheds and temporary

settlements in the area Windows doors and

cots were chiefly made up of Albizia

odoratissima Benth Cleistanthus Collins

Benth Cordia wallichii G Don Dalberiga

lanceolaria L Diospyros edenum JKoeing

Gardenia resinifera Roth Grevillea robusta

ACunn ex R Br Melia composite Willd

Shorea roxburghii Roxb Tectona grandis

Linn Zanthoxylum budrunga Wall and

Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk

Agricultural implements

For making agricultural implements four

species were used such as Chloroxylon

swietenia DC and Bumbusa arundinacea Willd

were used for making handle of axe and woody

stem of Anogeissus latifolia Wall and Tectona

grandis Linn is made in the shape of a harrow

by Malayali tribes

Plants used for Religious purposes

Ceremonial plant use is of principal

importance in daily Malayali tribe life and

many species have a specific ceremonial

significance generally associated with

blessings age-rites and witchcraft Some plants

are used as offerings to god among these tribes

Asclepias curassavica L Cassia montana

Heyne Clerodendrum serratum L and

Plumeria rubra L flowers are used in religious



practice to worship God Holarrhena

pubescens (Buch-Ham) WallexGDon

Wrightia tinctoria RBr mature stem are used

in all traditional religious festivals and

religious ceremonies

Plants used to ward off Evil afflictions

Malayali tribes believe that some of the

plants bring good fortune and keep off evil

spirits The exudates of Pterocarpus

marsupium Roxb and Semecarpus

anacardium L are used for marking their

childrenrsquos forehead to protect them from evils

afflictions brush body with leaves and root of

Toddalia asiatica Lamk to protect from snake

bite brush body with leaves of Schefflera

racemosa Harms protect from evils afflictions

roots of Calotropis gigantea (L) Aitf is

stitched together and then worn around the hip

to protect from evils afflictions rhizome of the

Acorus calamus Linn is made into pieces and

stitched together and worn around the neck of a

new born baby to get rid from evils afflictions

Malayali tribes use some plants to stimulate

sexual desire ie Abrus pulchellus Wall

Alangium hexapetalum Lam Canthium

parviflorum Lam Drosera indica L Evolvulus

alsinoides Linn Ficus bengalensis Linn

Grewia tenax (forssk) fiori Mimosa pudica

Linn Mirabilis jalaba Linn Ocimum canum

Sims and Randia dumetorum Lam

Plants used as Toothbrush

Malayali tribals generally use the young

twigs of Alangium salvifolium Linn

Azadirachta indica AJuss Ficus glomerata

Roxb Ficus religosa Linn Jatropha curcas L

and Psidium guajava Linn areial root of Ficus

benghalensis Linn Mirabilis jalaba Linn

rhizome powder and Terminalia chebula Retz

fruit powder are used as tooth powder

Plants used in Hair Nourishment

Heredity older age lack of nutrition

infections (such as worms lice scabies

dandruff and eczema) and use of synthetic

products (soaps shampoos and hair oils) may

cause hair loss dandruff discoloration of hairs

Women in Malayali tribes use the natural plant

resources for hair disorders For example

Albizzia amara leaves powder was used as a

shampoo seeds of Argemone mexicana root of

Cynodon dactylon were used for blackening

the hairs flowers of Annona squamosa amp fruit

of Citrus medica were used to remove dandruff

and kill lice whole plant parts of Andrographis

echioides flowers of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

leaves of Lawsonia inermis and Wedelia

calendulacea prevented hair loss

Table 1 List of plants used by Malayali Tribal people for NTFP in Yercaud hills

S

No

Botanical Name Vernacular Name

(Tamil)

Family Parts used Purposes

1 Abrus pulchellus

Wall

Vellaikuntumani Fabaceae Whole

plant parts

Brush body with whole plant

parts to stimulates sexual desire

2 Acorus calamus

Linn

Vasambu Araceae Rhizome Rhizome made into pieces and

stitched together and then worn

around the neck of new born

baby to get rid from evils

afflictions

3 Agave americana L Aanaikattrazhai Asparagaceae Leaf fibers Leaf fibers used for making Coir

4 Agave angustifolia

Haw

Aanaikattrazhai Asparagaceae Leaf fibers Leaf fibers used for making Coir

5 Alangium

hexapetalum Lam

Earualangi Alangiaceae Whole

plant parts



6 Alangium salvifolium

Linn

Alangal Alangiaceae Young

twigs

Young twigs are used as tooth

brush



7 Albizia odoratissima

Benth

Poosilai maram Mimosaceae Wood Wood is used to make doors cot

and windows

8 Albizzia amara

Boivin

Arappu Mimosaceae Leaves Leaves powder is used as

shampoo

9 Albizzia lebbeck

Benth

Vakaimaram Mimosaceae Woody

stem

Woody stem is used as a fuel

10 Andrographis

echioides Nees

Gopuramthangai Acanthaceae Whole

plant part

Whole plant parts made into

powder This preparation is

applied on scalp to wash hairs it

prevent the hair loss

11 Annona squqmosa L

Seetha pazham Annonaceae Flowers The fresh flowers are made into

paste This preparation is applied

on scalp to wash hairs it remove

the dandruff

12 Anogeissus latifolia

Wall

Namai Combretaceae Wood The wood is used to make in the

shape of harrow

13 Argemone mexicana

L

Bhrahmadandu Papaveraceae Whole

plant parts



Seeds are soaked in oil the oil is

applied on scalp It used to

blacken the hairs

14 Artocarpus hirsutus

Lam

Kattuppala Moraceae Mature

stem

Mature stem is used to make

churn-staff

15 Asclepias

curassavica L

Mookuthepoovu Asclepidaceae Flowers Flowers are used in religious

practices to worship to God

16 Azadirachta indica

AJuss

Vembu Meliaceae Young

twigs


brush

17 Bambusa

arundinaceae Willd

Mungil Bambusaceae Culms Split culms are woven into mats

baskets and fans

18 Bauhinia tomentosa L Pathini maram Fabaceae Woody stem Woody stem is used as a fuel

19 Buchanania

angustifolia Roxb

Seeramaram Anacardiaceae Woody

stem


20 Calotropis gigantea

(L) Aitf

Erukkan Asclepidaceae Root Roots are made into pieces and


around the hip to protect from

evils afflictions

21 Canthium

parviflorum Lam

Karamullu Rubiaceae Whole

plant parts



22 Cassia fistula Linn Kondrai Caesalpiniaceae Mature

stem


pounder Leaves are used for

ripening of fruits

23 Cassia monatana

Heyne

Kallipoo Caesalpiniaceae Flowers Flowers are used in religious


24 Chloroxylon

swietenia DC

Purusa maram Rutaceae Mature

stem


pounder The wood is used to

make handle of axe

25 Chomelia astiatica

OKze

Therani Rubiaceae Woody

stem


26 Citrus medica L Elamachi Rutaceae Fruit The fruits are soaked in coconut

oil for half an hour The oil is


remove the dandruff and kill lice

27 Cleistanthus collinus

Benth

Woodan Euphorbiaceae Wood Wood is used to make doors and

windows

28 Clerodendrum

serratum L

Kappukattu sedi Verbenaceae Flowers Flowers are used in religious




29 Cordia wallichii G

Don

Paantheakku Boranginaceae Wood Wood is used to make doors cot

and windows

30 Corpha umbracalifer

Linn

Kuthapannai Palmaceae Leaves Split leaves are woven into

baskets

31 Cynodon dactylon

(Linn) Pers

Arugampullu Poaceaea Root Roots are soaked in oil The oil

is applied on scalp It used to

blacken the hairs

32 Cyperus rotundus L Koraipullu Cyperaceae Leaves amp

branches

Leaves and branches are used for

roofing and thatching

33 Dalberiga

lanceolaria L

Pulavai maram Fabaceae Wood Wood is used to make doors and

windows

34 Dalberiga latifolia

Roxb

Eetimaram Fabaceae Mature

stem


pounder

35 Diospyros edenum

JKoeing

Karugaali Ebenaceae Wood Wood is used to make doors and

windows

36 Diospyros montana

Roxb

Vellisuli Ebenaceae Woody

stem


37 Drosera indica L Panithangi Droseraceae Whole

plant parts



38 Evolvulus alsinoides

Linn

Vishnukirandhi Convolvulace

ae

Whole

plant parts



39 Ficus benghalensis

Linn

Alamaram Moraceae Aerial root Aerial root is used as tooth

brush


Linn

Alamaram Moraceae Root Brush body with whole plant


41 Ficus glomerata

Roxb

Attimaram Moraceae Young twigs Young twigs are used as tooth

brush

42 Ficus religiosa Linn Arasa maram Moraceae Young twigs Young twigs are used as tooth brush

43 Gardenia resinifera

Roth

Kambaimaram Rubiaceae Wood Wood is used to make doors and

windows

44 Gmelina arborea

Roxb

Kumizha maram Lamiaceae Mature

stem

The mature stem is used as stick

for musical instruments

45 Grevillea robusta

ACunn ex R Br

Savukkumaram Proteaceae Wood Wood is used to make doors and

windows

46 Grewia tenax

(forssk) fiori

Atchumullu Tiliaceae Whole

plant parts



47 Grewia tiliaefolia

Vahl

Thadachimaram Tiliaceae Mature

stem


pounder

48 Gyrocarpus

americanus Jacq

Thanakkumaram Gyrocarpeaceae Woody

stem and

leaves


Leaves make meal plate

49 Hibiscus rosa-

sinensis Linn

Semparuthi Malvaceae Flowers Flowers are crushed and boiled

in oil for one hour The oil is

applied on hairs regularly it


50 Holarrhena

pubescens Buch-

Ham)WallexGDon

Kudasapalai Apocynaceae Mature

stem

Mature stem is used in all

traditional religious festivals and


51 Holopetela

integrifolia (Roxb)

Planch

Avali Ulmaceae Woody

stem


52 Jatropha curcas L Paikkottai Euphorbiaceae Young twigs Young twigs are used as tooth brush

53 Lawsonia inermis L Marudondri Lythraceae Leaves Leaves are crushed and boiled in

oil for one hour The oil is





54 Mallotus philippensis

M Arg

Thirichichilai

maram

Euphorbiaceae Woody

stem


55 Mangifora indica L Mamaram Anacaradiaceae Wood Wood is used to make wood

grinder

56 Melia composita

Willd

Malaivembu Meliaceae Wood Wood is used to make doors cot

and windows

57 Mimosa pudica Linn Thottal surungi Mimosaceae Whole

plant parts



58 Mirabilis jalaba

Linn

Anthimantharai Nyctaginaceae Whole

plant parts



Rhizome powder is used as tooth

powder

59 Moringa oleifera

Lamk

Murungai Moringaceae Woody

stem


60 Ocimum canum

Sims

Ganjamkori Lamiaceae Whole

plant parts



61 Ophiuros exalatus

Oktz

Kenangupullu Poaceae Leaves amp

branches



62 Oryza sativa L Nellu Poaceae Leaves amp

branches



63 Phoenix sylvestris

Roxb

Icham Palmaceae Leaves The leaves are used to make

broom stick

64 Plectronia didyma

Kurz

Nikkanai maram Rubiaceae Woody

stem


65 Plumeria rubra L Paalarali Apocynaceae Flowers Flowers are used in religious


66 Psidium guajava

Linn

Koiya Myrtaceae Young

twigs


brush Woody stem is used as a

fuel

67 Pterocarpus

marsupium Roxb

Vangai Fabaceae Exudates Exudates used for marking their

childrenrsquos forehead to protect

from evils

68 Randia dumetorum

Lam

Aaichumulu Rubiaceae Whole

plant parts



69 Randia malabaricum

Lam

Kaarakkai Rubiaceae Wood Wood is used to make windows

70 Salix tetrasperma

Roxb

Vanji Salicaceae Woody

stem


71 Schefflera racemosa

Harms

Peiviratti Araliaceae Leaves Brush body with leaves to

protect from evils afflictions

72 Semecarpus

anacardium L f

Saramaram Anacardiaceae Exudates Exudates used for marking their


from evils

73 Shorea robusta Roth Salamaram Dipterocarpaceae Woody stem Woody stem is used as a fuel

74 Shorea roxburghii

Roxb

Kunkilium Dipterocarpaceae Wood Wood is used to make doors cot

and windows Woody stem is

used as a fuel

75 Sorghum vulgare L

Solam Poaceae Leaves amp

branches



76 Syzygium cumini (L)

Skeels

Naaval Myrtaceae Woody

stem


77 Tectona grandis

Linn

Thekku Verbanaceae Wood Wood is used to make doors cot


used as a fuel The wood is used

to make in the shape of harrow



78 Terminalia bellerica

Roxb

Thanrikkai Combretaceae Woody

stem


79 Terminalia chebula

Retz

Kadukkai Combretaceae Wood and

fruit

Wood is used to make doors cot

and windows Fruit powder is

used as tooth powder Woody

stem is used as a fuel

80 Toddalia asiatica

Lamk

Mulaikaradan

mullu

Rutaceae Leaves and

root

Brush body with leaves and root

to protect from snake bite

81 Wedelia

calendulacea Less

Manjakarisalangan

i

Asteraceae Leaves Leaves are crushed and boiled in




82 Wrightia tinctoria

RBr

Palai Apocynaceae

Mature

stem




83 Zanthoxylum

budrunga Wall

Karunjoori Rutaceae Wood Wood is used to make doors cot


used as a fuel

84 Zizyphus mauritiana

Lamk

Yellandai Rhamnaceae

Wood Wood is used to make doors cot

and windows

CONCLUSION

The present investigation revealed that

significant role of plants used by Malayali

tribes in Yercaud hills It is clear that these

products are extremely important and

significant component of the household

livelihood of Malayali tribes The information

collected from tribals is useful for carrying out

further research in the field of ethnobotany

taxonomy These indigenous plants must be

taken into consideration and treated with equal

importance as that of other plant species many

research works must be carried out on these

plants to increase their productivity which will

help in increasing our countryrsquos economy The

diversity of species used by Malayali tribes is

incredible and this sound knowledge has been

documented through this study

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We the authors extend our special thanks to

Mr N Thangaraju IFS District Forest

Officer Salem Division Salem Tamil Nadu

India for giving permission to carry out this

Research work in Yercaud hills area Its our

pleasant duty to express our gratitude to the

local people in the Yercaud hills for sharing

their knowledge on plants We gratefully

acknowledge Mr R Prabakaran Department

of Botany Vivekanandha College of Arts and

Sciences for Women (Autonomous)

Elayampalayam for his help in identification of

the Plant species

REFERENCES

Anthony P Cavender and Manuel Alban

(2009) The use of Magical plants by

curanderos in the Ecuador highlands

Journal of Ethnobiology and

Ethnomedicine 5 (3) 1ndash9

Ayyanar M and Ignacimuthu S (2010) Plants

used for non-medicinal purposes by the

tribal people in Kalakad Mundanthurai

Tiger Reserve Southern India Indian

Journal of Traditional Knowledge 9

(3) 515ndash518



Gamble JS and Fischer CEC (1935) Flora of

Presidency of Madras London (Issued

in II part 1ndash7 By Gamble 8-11 by

Fischer) Vol 1ndash3 Calcutta

John Kennedy S M (2006) Commercial Non-

timber forest products collected by

tribals in the Palni hills Indian Journal

of Traditional Knowledge 5 (2) 212ndash

216

Mathew KW (1983) Flora of Tamil Nadu

Carnatic the Rapinat Herbarium

Tiruchirapalli India 3 vol

Prabakaran R Senthil Kumar T and Ravo

MV (2013) Role of Non Timber

Forest Products in the Livelihood of

Malayali tribe of Chitteri hills of

Southern Eastern Ghats Tamil Nadu

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical

Sciences 3 (05) 056ndash060

Sanjay Kr Uniyal Anjali Awasthi and Gopal S

Rawat (2002) Traditional and

ethnobotanical uses of plants in

Bhagirathi Valley (Western Himalaya)

Indian Journal of Traditional

Knowledge 1 (1) 7ndash19

Subbaiah Muruganandam Singaram

Rathinakumar and Arunachalam

Selvaraju (2012) Plants used for non-

medicinal purposes by Malayali tribals

in Jawadhu Hills of Tamil Nadu India

Global Journal of Research on

Medicinal plants amp Indigenous

Medicine 1 (12) 663ndash669

Vijay V Wagh Ashok K Jain and Chitralekha

Kadel (2010) Role of forest products

in the livelihood of tribal community of

Jhabua district (MP) Biological

Forum ndash An International Journal 2

(1) 45ndash48

Source of Support NIL Conflict of Interest None Declared




MICROPROPAGATION AN ESSENTIAL TOOL TO FLOURISH

ENDANGERED MEDICINAL PLANTS

Sharma Rohit1

1Plant Biotechnology Laboratory RampD Division Tropilite Foods Pvt Ltd Davars Campus Tansen Road

Gwalior-474002 (MP) India

Corresponding Author E-mail accessrohit25gmailcom Mob +919755594040


ABSTRACT

Micropropagation or tissue culture of plants holds tremendous potential for the production of

high-quality plant-based medicines This technique is of vital use in germplasm preservation of

various useful endangered medicinal plants species with a multiplication benefit of production of

large number of plants starting from single explant Even temperature dependent species can be

maintained throughout the year provided with specific media and environment Tissue cultured

plants are generally free from fungal and bacterial diseases Virus eradication and maintenance of

plants in a virus-free-state are also readily achieved in tissue culture Propagating media holds a key

aspect for micropropagation The paper reviews the recent advances achievements and potential of

tissue culture for in vitro regeneration with a special elucidation of media salt and hormonal

requirements of different medicinal plants

KEY WORDS Micropropagation tissue culture saponin breeding propagation in vitro

ABBREVIATIONS

BA = 6-Benzylaminopurine

NAA = a-Naphthalene acetic acid

IAA = Indole-3 acetic acid

2iP = 6-(g -Dimethylallylamino) purine

2 4-D = 24-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

KN = Kinetin

TZD = Thiazolidinedione

Review Article

Cite this article

Sharma Rohit (2014) MICROPROPAGATION AN ESSENTIAL TOOL TO

FLOURISH ENDANGERED MEDICINAL PLANTS Global J Res Med Plants amp

Indigen Med Volume 3(6) 252ndash262



INTRODUCTION

The creation of nature is thoughtful and meaningful It is important to maintain the balance between plant and animal kingdom But because of various reasons the plant resources were destroyed in last few decades and many species were rendered threatened or extinct Medicinal plants play a key role in world health care systems Herbal medicine is one of the most remarkable uses of plant based biodiversity These plants constitute an important natural wealth of a country They play a significant role in providing primary health care services to people and serve as therapeutic agents as well as important raw materials for the manufacture of traditional and modern medicine (Debnath et al 2010) Reserves of herbs and stocks of medicinal plants in developing countries are diminishing and in danger of extinction as a result of growing trade demands for cheaper healthcare products and new plant-based therapeutic markets in preference to more expensive target-specific drugs and biopharmaceuticals Indian continent is the repository of large number of medicinal plants and most of these are available as wild plants in the forests of hills and planes The biotechnological tools are important to select multiply and conserve the critical genotypes of medicinal plants Disturbances of the natural habitats of these plants as a result of anthropogenic activities and invasion of the exotic species has resulted in the drastic decline in the population of these important plant species and many of these species are now listed among the rare critically rare and endangered category (Thakur et al 2009)

Conventional plant-breeding methods can

improve both agronomic and medicinal traits In vitro propagation or tissue culture of plants holds tremendous potential for the production of high-quality plant-based medicines This can be achieved through different methods including micropropagation The evolving commercial importance of secondary metabolites has in recent years resulted in a great interest in secondary metabolism particularly in the possibility of altering the

production of bioactive plant metabolites by means of tissue culture technology Plant cell culture technologies were introduced at the end of the 1960s as a possible tool for both studying and producing plant secondary metabolites Different strategies using an in vitro system have been extensively studied to improve the production of plant chemicals (Debnath et al 2006) Micropropagation has many advantages over conventional methods of vegetative propagation which suffer from several limitations There has been significant progress in the use of tissue culture and genetic transformation to alter pathways for the biosynthesis of target metabolites Obstacles to bringing medicinal plants into successful commercial cultivation include the difficulty of predicting which extracts will remain marketable and the likely market preference for what is seen as natural source of extracts Unlike the conventional methods of plant propagation micropropagation of even temperature species may be carried out throughout the year and the produced tissue culture plants are generally free from fungal and bacterial diseases Virus eradication and maintenance of plants in a virus-free-state are also readily achieved in tissue culture The high multiplication rate also permits the production of pathogen free material

SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS AND

THEIR MICROPROPAGATION

PROTOCOL

1 Chlorophytum borivilianum

Chlorophytum borivilianum Santapau amp

Fernandes (Liliaceae) also known as bdquoSafed Musli‟ is a traditional rare Indian medicinal herb which has many therapeutic applications in Ayurvedic Unani Homeopathic and Allopathic systems of medicine Its roots (tubers) are widely used for various therapeutic applications It is used to cure physical illness and weakness as an aphrodisiac agent and revitalizer as a general sex tonic remedy for diabetes arthritis and increasing body immunity curative for natal and postnatal problems increase lactation in feeding mothers as antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antitumor



agent also used in diarrhea dysentery gonorrhea leucorrhea etc (Thakur et al 2009) Novel propagation techniques like tissue culture can play an important role in the rapid multiplication of elite clones and germplasm conservation of C borivilianum Plant micropropagation is an efficient method of breeding and propagating disease free genetically uniform and massive plants in vitro Rapid micropropagation procedure for this endemic medicinal plant from various explants in solid media (Dave et al 2004) and in liquid media (Rhizvi et al 2007) has been reported Leaf base segments stem disc with shoot meristem sliced root tuber young shoot buds immature floral buds and inflorescence axis were used as explants Debnath et al described that regeneration of C borivilianum from both young shoot buds as well as inflorescence axis bearing an axillary bud gave good results Regeneration was described successfully both from the inflorescence axis and young shoot buds on MS basal medium supplemented with (1ndash5 mgl) BAP Extensive work has been done on the micropropagation of C borivilianum including somatic embryogenesis callus culture encapsulation of young shoot buds and plantlets regeneration in situ Hybridization (FISH) technique (Debnath et al 2007)

Stem disc explant of C borivilianum

transferred to MS medium supplemented with 5 mgL BAP gave the maximum shoot proliferation and shoot bud initiation (1483 shoots) as compared to different concentration of BAP BAP at 5 mgL after sub-culturing produced highest significant value of shoot numbers per explant (1483) with no callusing in the cultures (Purohit et al 1994b) Thus there was no chance of genetic variability Kn (kinetin) showed no increment in shoot number The observations revealed that different concentration of cytokinins influenced the shoot length of the in vitro growth of C borivilianum It was further observed that Kn at 5 mgL gave the optimum shoot length (411 cm) and BAP at 5 mgL gave the maximum (451 cm) shoot length Contrary to the reports of Purohit et al (1994a) the interaction of BAP and Kn showed no significant results in shoot proliferation and

shoot elongation On sub-culturing shoot proliferation and shoot elongation was not affected by different strengths of MS media and maximum shoots (433) were observed in the full strength MS media but frac12 MS medium showed significant shoot length (751 cm) elongation (Thakur et al 2013)

Auxins showed a significant effect on supplementation in MS medium on the root initiation proliferation and growth For MS medium supplemented with IBA at 2 mgL numbers of rootsexplant were less (358) compared to IAA at 2 mgL (367) The results obtained with the studies on combination of IBA and IAA supplementation in MS medium was not significant Observations on the effect of different strengths of medium concentration (Full MS 12 MS frac34 MS) on root numberexplant and root lengthexplant revealed that maximum number of roots were obtained in frac12 MS medium (642) optimum response in full MS (367) and minimum in frac34 MS (308) The maximum lengths of roots were also obtained in frac12 MS medium (724 cm) Handling of liquid medium is easier in comparison to solid medium (Rhizvi et al 2007) and so the response of rooting was observed using liquid media The plant yields a flavonone glycoside which is a powerful uterine stimulant steroidal saponins which have muscle building properties and their structure is similar to male anabolic hormones testesterone Roots of Chlorophytum contain 42 carbohydrate 80ndash89 protein 3ndash4 fiber and 2ndash17 saponin Research studies on Chlorophytum conducted in India and elsewhere indicate that saponins are responsible for medicinal properties C borivilianum produces the maximum root tuber along with the highest saponin content (Attele et al 1999) Traditionally roots of these species are reputed to possess various pharmacological utilities having saponins as one of the important phyto-chemical constituents (Sharma et al 2012) Furthermore saponin from Chlorophytum is a hidden gift from nature which is now proving its efficacy and potential as a miracle herb for biopharmaceutical and neutraceutical attention for human welfare (Sharma et al 2014)



Fig 1 Micropropagation of Chlorophytum borivilianum

(A) Initiation in MS media (B C) Shoot multiplication in MS media supplemented with 5 BAP (D E F) Multiple

shoot and root indcution in MS media supplemented with 5 BAP + 1 K + 2 IBA

2 Momordica balsamina

Momordica balsamina also known as

bdquoBalsam apple‟ (African pumpkin) is an

important medicinal and nutritional plant

of Cucurbitaceae It is an annual to perennial

tendril-bearing herb native to tropical regions

of Africa In India it occurs naturally in forest

in the rainy season The leaves fruits seeds

and bark are reported to have various medicinal

and nutritional importance and called bdquoHidden

gift of Nature‟ (Thakur et al 2009) The fruit

extract of M balsamina shows anti-HIV

property (Bot et al 2007) bdquoMomordins‟ are

capable of inhibiting the growth of HIV and

other viruses The leaves and fruit extracts of

this plant shows antiplasmodial activity and is

being used against malaria in African

traditional medicine The extract of various

parts of this plant shows shigellocidal anti-

diarrhoeal antiseptic antibacterial antiviral

antinflammatory hypoglycemic and

antimicrobial properties (Hassan and

Umar 2006 Akinyemi et al 2005 Jigam et

al 2004)

The whole plant is used as a bitter

stomachic and an infusion is used as a wash in

the management of fevers and yaws A

macerate of the whole plant is also used as a

galactogogue and to massage the chest to

relieve intercostals pains The plant is

sometimes used as an ingredient in aphrodisiac

preparations The wallops in Senegal have used

the fruits as purgative agents and vermifuge

The fruits and leaves are used for treatment of

wounds in Nigeria and in Syria as hemostatic

antiseptic The whole plant is used as sponge in

treating skin disease such as scabies and as

tranquilizer in the treatment of mental illness

(Akinniyi et al 1986)

The aqueous leaf extract of M balsamina

has also been used in reducing and relieving

period pain in young girls The natives also use

the seed of the plant in arrow poison The

whole plant extract has insecticidal properties



The pulverized plant is applied externally

against malignant ulcers Young peeled fruits

are cooked and eaten they are often steeped in

salt water after peeling and before cooking to

remove its bitter taste (Thakur et al 2009)

The fruits are common ingredients in Indo

Pakistan pickles and are often used in curries

and meat dishes Tender shoots are usually

consumed with Okra soup by the Kanuris of

Borno State where the plant is locally known as

dagdawu Phytochemical screening of M

balsamina Linn has revealed the presence of

tannins saponins and lectins (Akinniyi et al

1986)

High frequencies of multiple shoot

regeneration were achieved from auxillary buds

of nodal explants by Thakur et al 2011 The

bud explants were cultured on MS media

supplemented with different concentration of

BAP 1 mgL BAP stimulated proliferation of

the bud meristems to form bud clusters and the

co-efficient reached 6ndash8 The maximum

survival percentage of explant was also

observed in the same medium compared to

different concentrations of BAP It is clear that

MS medium supplemented with BAP at 1 mgL

was most effective in multiplication of shoots

but BAP at different concentrations showed

high callusing Activated charcoal at 02 was

found to be most effective to inhibit the callus

growth (Thakur et al 2011) However BAP at

1 mgL with 02 activated charcoal achieved

most significant value of shoot The shoot

elongation was prominent in MS medium

supplemented with 1 mgL BAP and 1 mgL

Kn 02 activated charcoal and 001

glutamine Regeneration of Momordica dioica

on MS medium supplemented with 1 mgL

BAP and 01 mgL NAA from node shoot tip

leaf and cotyledon explants was reported

earlier Contrary to the studies on M

balsamina multiple shoot regeneration of

Cucumis melo using shoot tips as explant was

found at 25 mgL NAA and 1 mgL BAP

(Thakur et al 2009)

3 Bacopa monnieri

Bacopa monnieri also referred to as

Bacopa monniera Herpestis monnieri water

hyssop and ldquoBrahmirdquo has been used in the

Ayurvedic system of medicine for centuries

Bacopa monniera a member of the

Scrophulariaceae family is a small creeping

herb with numerous branches small oblong

leaves and light purple flowers In India and

the tropics it grows naturally in wet soil

shallow water and marshes The herb can be

found at elevations from sea level to altitudes

of 4400 feet and is easily cultivated if

adequate water is available Flowers and fruit

appear in summer and the entire plant is used

medicinally Brahmi may be useful for people

who want to improve mental function and

concentration particularly under pressure or in

stressful conditions Research on anxiety

epilepsy bronchitis and asthma irritable bowel

syndrome and gastric ulcers also supports the

Ayurvedic uses of Bacopa Bacoparsquos

antioxidant properties may offer protection

from free radical damage in cardiovascular

disease and certain types of cancer An

effective protocol for mass propagation of

Bacopa monnieri (L) Pennell an important

medicinal plant (Shalini et al 1998) was

developed using shoot tips and nodal segments

as explants (Debnath et al 2006) Shoot

regeneration and somatic embryogenesis from

different explants of Brahmi The explants were

cultured on Murashige and Skoogs medium

supplemented with various auxins cytokinins

either alone or with coconut milk and auxins

plus cytokinins Multiple shoots were obtained

on MS medium supplemented with auxins

orand cytokinins with or without coconut milk

Maximum number of plants were obtained on

medium containing KN2-ip (01 mgl) and KN

(1 mg1) in shoot tip and nodal cultures

respectively The regenerated shoots developed

roots on the same medium In our lab similar

observation was noticed The initiation of shoot

proliferation from nodal explants was observed

on MS medium supplemented with BAP

(1 mgl-1) and KN (4 mgl-1

) When these were

subcultured on MS medium supplemented with

BAP (5 mgl-1

) multiple shoot Bud proliferation

was further enhanced They were found to

originate associated with or without roots

Shoot elongation was observed on the same

medium These shoots when transferred to 12



MS medium supplemented with IBA (2 mgl-1

)

resulted in rooting Regenerated plantlets were

transferred to soil after a very brief period of

hardening The regenerated plants are dark

green in colour and more robust in their growth

than the normal plants

Fig 2 Micropropagation of Bacopa monniera and Momordica balsamina

(A) Initiation stage of Bacopa monniera in MS media (B C) Shoot and root multiplication of Bacopa monniera in

MS media supplemented with 1 BAP + 1K + 05 IAA (D) Hardening of Bacopa monniera in pots (E F) Shoot

multiplication of Momordica balsamina in MS media supplemented with 1 BAP + 05K

4 Tinospora cordifolia

Tinospora cordifolia is a deciduous climbing shrub described as bdquothe one who protects the body against diseases‟ It is one of the most versatile rejuvenating shrub also known as rsquoGiloyarsquo in Indian vernacular having many therapeutic applications The pharmaceutical significance of this plant is mainly because of the leaves barks and roots contain various bioactive compounds such as alkaloids glycosides lactones steroids polysaccharides and aliphatic compounds having various medicinal importance viz

immuno-modulatory or immuno-stimulatory antitumor cognition anti-inflammatory anti-neoplastic anti-hyperglycemia anti-hyperlipidemia antioxidant anti-tubercular gastrointestinal and hepatoprotection anti-osteoporotic anti-angiogenic anti-malarial and anti-allergic The bitter principles present in the leaves stems roots and barks viz tinosporine tinosporide tinosporaside cordifolide cordifol berberine cordifolioside A B C amritosides A B C and columbin which act as therapeutic agents and play vital role in many therapeutic applications (Pandey et al 2012) The nodal segments inoculated in MS basal medium



supplemented with 05 mgl IBA + 02 mgl NAA produced multiple shoots with an average height of 998 plusmn 088 after 2 weeks of incubation Regenerated shoots were rooted on half strength MS basal medium containing 10 mgL BA = 02 mgL IAA Rooted plantlets were transferred to pots containing soil for acclimatization for a period of three weeks and were successfully established in soil After acclimatization and transplantation 100 acclimatized plantlets were found healthy in ex-vivo conditions (Bhat et al 2013)

5 Calotropis procera

Calotropis procera a giant milk weed is known for its pharmacological importance for centuries The coarse shrub is a very promising source of anticancerous ascaricidal schizonticidal anti-microbial anthelmintic insecticidal anti-inflammatory anti-diarrhoeal larvicidal with many other beneficial properties Plant is described as a golden gift for human kind containing calotropin calotropagenin calotoxin calactin uscharin amyrin amyrin esters uscharidin coroglaucigenin frugoside corotoxigenin calotropagenin and voruscharine used in many therapeutic applications Different compounds like norditerpenic esters organic carbonates the cysteine protease procerain alkaloids flavonoids sterols and numerous cardenolides made this plant of scientific attraction for centuries Plant is not only a great source of natural hydrocarbons but also contains several metabolites used as folk medicine for the treatment of leprosy elephantiasis fever menorrhagia malaria and snake bite (Sharma et al 2012) In addition latex-derived extracts induce selective cytotoxicity and anti-tumor activity (Mathur et al 2009) The latex of C procera has been shown to protect against gastric ulcers in rats and latex extracts protected against inflammation and oxidative stress in arthritic rats (Bharti et al 2010)

Healthy seeds of C procera were treated with 70 (vv) ethanol for 2 min before surface sterilization by dipping into 33 (vv) sodium hypochlorite solution (vv) for 15 min followed by five rinses in sterile distilled water Thereafter five seeds were germinated in each

glass flask containing 30 ml of 12 MS medium salts supplemented with 100 mgL myo-inositol and 3 (wv) sucrose (pH 58) that was solidified with 07 (wv) agar Cultures were maintained at a photoperiod of 12 h and illuminated with cool white fluorescent lamps at a light intensity of 10ndash15 μmolm

2s The

culture room temperature was kept at 28 plusmn 2degC After 30 days under these culture conditions plantlets reached ca 5 cm in height and were used as an explant source In vitro-grown plantlets (30 days after germination) were used as the source of hypocotyl and cotyledon explants Hypocotyls were aseptically removed and cut longitudinally and then cut into slices approximately 10 mm in length Callus induction medium consisted of complete MS basal formulation as prepared for seed germination added of 3 μM 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) and 46 μM kinetin (KIN) (Teixeira et al 2011)

6 Gymnema sylvestre

Gymnema sylvestre also known as bdquogurmarrsquo or bdquosugar destroyer‟ is a woody climbing traditional medicinal herb which has many therapeutic applications in Ayurvedic system of medicine It is used for lowering serum cholesterol triglycerides and blood glucose level (hypoglycemic or antihyperglycemic) hypolipidaemic weight loss stomach ailments constipation water retention and liver diseases either high or low blood pressure tachycardia or arrhythmias and used as aperitive purgative in eye troubles anti-inflammatory smooth muscle relaxant prevention of dental caries cataract and as anticancer-cytotoxic agent (Thakur et al 2012) Its flowers leaves and fruits contains alkaloids flavones saponins sapogenins anthraquinones hentri-acontane pentatriacontane α and β-chlorophylls phytin resins d-quercitol tartaric acid formic acid butyric acid lupeol β-amyrin related glycosides and stigmasterol having main principle bioactive compounds viz gymnemic acids gymnemasides gymnemagenin gurmarin gymnemosides gymnemanol gymnemasins gypenoside and conduritol which act as therapeutic agent and play vital role in many therapeutic applications Gymnemic acids are thought to be responsible



for its antidiabetic activity and it is the major component of an extract shown to stimulate insulin release from the pancreas

Nodal segments were washed thoroughly under running tap water for 30 minutes followed by treatment with Bavistin solution 1 for 15 minutes It was further washed under tap water thoroughly for pre-sterilization and then rinsed with distilled water thrice and finally surface sterilization was carried out for 3 minutes with 001 mercuric chloride (HgCl2) and then explants were washed 3 times with sterile distilled water After surface sterilization the explants were inoculated on MS medium 4 containing 3 (wv) sucrose various concentrations of cytokinin (BAP) (05 10 15 20 30 and 40 mgl) and auxin

(NAA) (05 10 15 and 20 mgl) The pH of the medium was adjusted to 57 before gelling with 08 (wv) agar and autoclaved at 121degC for 15 minutes Among the various concentrations (05 10 15 20 30 and 40 mgl) of BA used the best response was observed at 10 mgl A maximum number of 7 shoots (Plate 1b) was observed at 10 mgl BA with the average length of 34 cm The multiple shoots were harvested and transferred to rooting medium with different concentrations of NAA (05ndash20 mgl) A maximum number of roots were observed at 10 mgl NAA with the average length of 2cm BAP is said to be the inducer of multiple shooting (Manonmani and Francisca 2012)

Table 1 Micropropagation media of different medicinal plants with their potent media active

metabolite and specific action

Plant Active

Metabolite

Action Micropropagation

media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata

Camptothecin antitumor WPM + 4 μM BAP Linebereger et

al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-

naphthaleneacetic acid

Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii

Forskolin cardiovascular MS + 057 μM IAA +

046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum

Heliotrine antitumor

hypotensive

MS + 1mgl Kinetin + 05

mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia

Charantin antidiabetic MS + 2 mgl BAP + 05

mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa

Saussurine bronchiorelaxant MS+ 44 μM BAP + 045

μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca

Glaucarubin antiamebic MS + 111 μM

benzyladenine + 1342

μM α-naphthaleneacetic

acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii

Trichosanthin abortifacient MS + 2 mgL BA + 05

mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006



7 Catharanthus roseus

Catharanthus roseus originated from

Madagascar but has now been spread

throughout the tropics and subtropics by human

activity This plant is cultivated as an

ornamental plant throughout tropical and

subtropical areas and many parts of the world

Catharanthus is a plant belonging to the

family well known for being rich in alkaloids

All parts of plant especially the leaves contain

antineoplastic bisindole alkaloids among those

are vinblastine and vincristine which are

widely employed as chemotherapeutic agents

against cancer The absolute levels of

vinblastine and vincristine are considered far

too low to explain the activity of crude extracts

of Catharanthus Various studies show the

presence of other antineoplastic alkaloids in the

plant (Piovan and Filippini 2000) Callus

induction from nodal explants was observed on

Murashige and Skoog by Debnath et al 2006

MS medium supplemented with NAA (02 mgl-

1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot

proliferation and shoot elongation was

observed on MS medium supplemented with

NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These

shoots when transferred to MS medium

supplemented with IBA (2 mgl-1

) resulted in

rooting For alkaloid extraction in vitro plant

multiplication is an ideal approach to produce

leaf material in large quantity In vitro heavy

metal stress on callus culture and regeneration

of pathogen free healthy plants through callus

culture have been reported (Debnath et al

2006)

CONCLUSION

Micropropagation of medicinal plants with

enriched bioactive principles and cell culture

methodologies for selective metabolite

production is found to be highly useful for

commercial production of medicinally

important compounds The efficient techniques

plant tissue culture are playing a crucial role in

serving the life science and opening new

horizons in preserving endangered species

compiling our green world Tissue culture

protocols have been developed for several

plants but there are many other species which

are over exploited in pharmaceutical industries

and need conservation These new technologies

will serve to extend and enhance the continued

usefulness of higher plants as renewable

sources of chemicals especially medicinal

compounds

REFERENCES

Agarwal M Kamal R (2004) In vitro clonal

propagation of momordica charantia L

Indian Journal of Biotechnology 3

426ndash430

Akinniyi JA Sultanbawa MUA

Manawaku D (1986) In The State of

Medicinal Plant Research in Nigeria

University Press lbadan Nigeria pp

154ndash165

Akinyemi KO Mendie UE Smith ST

Oyefolu AO Coker AO (2005)

Screening of some medicinal plants

used in south-west Nigerian traditional

medicine for anti-salmonella typhi

activity J Herb Pharmacother 5(1)

45ndash60

Attele AS Wu JA Yuan CS (1999)

Ginseng pharmacology Multiple

constituents and multiple actions

Biochemical Pharmacology 58 1685ndash

1693

Bhat TM Singh M Malik T (2013)

Micropropagation of Tinospora

cordifolia (willd) Miers ex Hook F

Thoms ndash A threatened medicinal plant

IAJPR 3(5) 3636ndash3641

Bhattacharyya R Bhattacharyya S (2001) In

vitro multiplication of Coleus forskohlii

Briq An approach towards shortening

the protocol In Vitro Cellular amp

Developmental Biology ndash Plant 37(5)

572ndash575



Bot YS Mgbojikwe LO Nwosu C

Abimiku A Dadik J Damshak D

(2007) Screening of the fruit pulp

extract of Momordica balsamina for

anti HIV property African journal of

Biotechnology 6 047ndash052

Dave A Joshi N Purohit SD (2004) In

vitro propagation of Chlorophytum

borivilianum using encapsulated shoot

buds European Journal of Horticulture

Science 69(1) 37ndash42

Debnath M Malik CP Bisen PS (2006)

Micropropagation A tool for the

production of high quality plant-based

medicines Current Pharma



Clonal propagation of Chlorophytum

borivilianum- An endangered medicinal

plant Phytomorphology 57 117ndash121

Debnath M Pandey M Sharma R Thakur

GS Lal P (2010) Biotechnological

intervention of Agave sisalana A

unique fiber yielding plant with

medicinal property Journal of

Medicinal Plants Research 4(3) 177ndash

187

Hassan LG Umar KJ (2006) Nutritional

value of balsam apple leaves Pakistan

Journal of Nutition 5 522ndash529

Jigam AA Akanya HO Adeyemi DJ

(2004) Antimicrobial and

antiplasmodial effects of Momordica

balsamina Niger J Nat Prod Med 8

11ndash12

Johnson TS Narayan SB Narayana DBA

(1997) Rapid in vitro propagation

of Saussurea lappa an endangered

medicinal plant through multiple shoot

cultures In Vitro Cellular amp


128ndash130

Kumar A Prakash K Sinha RK Kumar

N (2013) In vitro plant propagation of

Catharanthus roseus and assessment of

genetic fidelity of micropropagated

plants by RAPD marker assay Applied

Biochemistry Biotechnology 169(3)

894ndash900

Kumar MS Rao MV (2007) In vitro

micropropagation of Heliotropium

indicum Linn An ayurvedic Herb

Indian journal of Biotechnology 6

245ndash249

Limburger D Reed D Rumpho M (1998)

Micropropagation of Camptotheca

acuminata Hort Science 33 604

Manonmani R Francisca P (2012) In vitro

multiplication of Gymnema sylvestre R

BR Through nodal explants

International Journal of Pharma and Bio

Sciences 3 2

Pandey M Chikara SK Vyas MK

Sharma R Thakur GS Bisen PS

(2012) Tinospora cordifolia A

climbing shrub in health care

management International Journal of

Pharma and Bio Sciences 3(4) 612ndash

628

Piovan A Filippini R (2000) Somatic

embryogenesis and indole alkaloid

production in Catharanthus roseus

Plant Biosystems 134(2) 179ndash184

Purohit SD Dave A Kukda G (1994a)

Micropropagation of Safed Musli

(Chlorophytum borivilianum) a rare

Indian medicinal herb Plant Cell Tissue

Organ Culture 39 93ndash96

Purohit SD Dave A Tiagi YD (1994b)

Chlorophytum borivlianum Sant and

Fern An (Liliaceae) interesting species

from the Aravallis in Rajasthan

Rheedea 4 113ndash115



Rhizvi MZ Kukreja AK Knanuja SPS

(2007) In vitro culture of Chlorophytum

borivilianum Sant et Fernand in liquid

culture medium as a cost effective

measure Current Science 92(1) 87ndash90

Rout GR Das P (1994) Somatic

embryogenesis in Simarouba glauca

Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture

37(1) 79ndash81

Shalini Mathur and Sushilkumar (1998)

Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic

Plant Science 20 1056ndash59

Sharma R Saxena N Thakur GS

Sanodiya BS Jaiswal P (2014)

Conventional method for saponin

extraction from Chlorophytum

borivilianum Sant et Fernand Global

Journal of Research in Medicinal Plants

amp Indigenous Medicine 3(2) 33ndash39

Sharma R Thakur G Sanodiya BS

Pandey M Bisen PS (2012) Saponin

A wonder drug from Chlorophytum

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Medicinal Plants amp Indigenous

Medicine 1(10) 503ndash515

Sharma R Thakur GS Sanodiya BS

Savita A Pandey M Sharma A

Bisen PS (2012) Therapeutic

potential of Calotropis procera a giant

milkweed IOSR-Journal of Pharmacy

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Teixeira FM Ramos MV Soares AA

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produce pharmacologically active

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Biochemistry 46 1118ndash1124

Thakur GS Bag M Sanodiya BS

Debnath M Bhadouriya P Prasad

GBKS Bisen PS

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A REVIEW ON MICROBIAL ENDOPHYTES FROM PLANTS A TREASURE

SEARCH FOR BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE METABOLITES

Ruby Jalgaonwala1 Raghunath Mahajan

2

12

Department of Biotechnology MJCollege North Maharashtra University JalgaonMSIndia

Corresponding Author E-mail r_jalgaonwalayahoocoin Mobile +919725400205


ABSTRACT

Microbial endophytes normally reside asymptomatically in the tissues of higher plants and act as

source of original organic metabolites In recent years a great deal of information on the role of

endophytes in host plants has been collected Many important chemotherapeutics from endophytic

metabolites could be used in medicine agriculture and industry With the intention to provide studies

on endophytic microbes this review focuses on the role of endophytes with respect to production of

anticancer antimicrobial antioxidant and other biologically important compounds The main topics

addressed are plant-endophyte relationship potential in drug discovery host-endophyte relationship

diversity distribution and natural products from endophytic microbes

KEY WORDS Endophytes anticancer antimicrobial antioxidation secondary metabolites

Review Article

Cite this article

Ruby Jalgaonwala Raghunath Mahajan (2014) A REVIEW ON MICROBIAL

ENDOPHYTES FROM PLANTS A TREASURE SEARCH FOR BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE

METABOLITES Global J Res Med Plants amp Indigen Med Volume 3(6) 263ndash277



INTRODUCTION

The word endophyte is derived from Greek

bdquoendo‟gtlt bdquoendon‟ meaning within and

bdquophyte‟gtlt bdquophyton‟ meaning plant The word

ldquoendophyterdquo was introduced by de Bary and

was for some time applied to all ldquoorganisms

occurring within plant tissuesrdquo (de Bary 1866)

or ldquoall organisms inhabiting plant organs that at

some time in their life can colonize in internal

plant tissues without causing apparent harm to

the hostrdquo (Petrini 1991) An endophyte by

definition is one which resides in the tissues

beneath the epidermal cell layers and causes no

apparent harm to the host or fungi (Schulz and

Boyle 2005)

Generally several hundred endophyte

species can be isolated from a single plant (Tan

and Zou 2001) Mostly Ascomycetes

Deutromycetes and Basidiomyctes classess of

fungi are reported as endophytic fungi The

class and species of fungi depends upon the

host plants Recent studies suggested that

endophtytic fungi are not host specific and

generally have widespread host range Earlier

studies lead to the conclusion that fungal

endophytes are ubiquitous in plant species

(Huang et al 2008 Wu et al 2006)

Numerous reports infer that endophytic

actinomycetes play roles in plant protection

against pathogens and their metabolic products

have influence on plant growth and physiology

(Katznelson and Cole 1965 Strobel and Daisy

2003) The fungi like mycorrhizae are

symbiotic associations in between fungi and

roots of majority of plants The external hyphae

of mycorrhizae spread out in to soil

surrounding the infected root tips and as a

result mycorrhizal fungi reside only partly

inside the plant tissues In this way they are

different from typical endophytes Arnold et

al 2007 explored the difficulty of endophytes

versus mycorrhizae and exemplify that the

mycorrhizae found in roots are mostly different

in taxonomic composition to those endophytes

found in leaves On one hand endophytes can

produce analogous or the same biologically

active constituents as its host such as an

endophytic fungus producing taxol (Strobel et

al 1993)

Many important chemotherapeutics are

either microbial metabolites or their

semisynthetic derivatives Investigating the

metabolites of endophytes can boost the chance

of finding novel compounds so an intensifying

stream of attention is being directed to the

endophytes and biomass can be accumulated by

large scale fermentation (Tan and Zou 2001) This review aims to provide an overview of the

endophytic natural products along with

potential applications particularly in the area of

agriculture medicinal industry and biological

diversity with respect to microbial endophytes

The plant endophyte relationship

The host-endophyte relationship is

supposed to be complex and different from host

to host and microbe to microbe The fungus

passes from one generation to next through the

seeds (Boursnell 1950 Bultman and Murphy

2000) The fungus enters the seedling from the

seed and spreads through out enters new

tissues as they arise for this plant Germination

and subsequent development of the seedling

depends on the presence of the fungus devoid

of it the plant ceases to grow beyond certain

stages During the fall the plant digests the

swollen hyphae of the fungus that are found in

the roots and obviously benefits nutritionally

from the microbe The relationship is truly

mutalistic because the fungus must obtain

nourishment from the plant since it does not

have contact with the soil Endophytes that

inhabit foraging grasses eg rye grasses do not

leave their plant host and can only reproduce

by invading seed tissue of the plant (Stone et

al 2000)

Endophytes could be involved in

pathogenecity of the host plants The endophyte

population in abnormally developed plant

tissues such as in galls and cysts are often

quite different from healthy secretions (Stone et

al 2000) Environmental conditions such as

soil temperature and humidity etcwould also

are expected to affect the nature and the

population of endophytes (Hata et al 1998)

Plants in unique environments that fight to

compete with other living organisms or that



need as much resistance as possible to survive

are probable candidates to host endophytes

which generate secondary metabolites that will

assist the plants (Strobel et al 2004) Many

researchers hold that plants growing in tropical

forest rainforest where competition for light

and nutrient is intense are most likely to host

the greatest number of bioactive endophytes

Several studies note that endophytes from

tropical regions produced significantly more

bioactive secondary metabolites than those

from temperate parts of the world (Bills et al

2002)

Most of the innovation of surfeit of

microbes for applications that span a wide

range of efficacy in medicine agriculture and

industrial area is currently useful However

considerable work has also been carried out on

a variety of different plants example Musa

acuminata Glycine max Sorgum bicolour

Triticum aestivum Zea mays Agropyron

elongatum Sorghastrum nutans Sweet potato

Ocimum sanctum Ocimum bacilicum Leucas

aspera and Azadirachta indica (Wipornpan et

al 2001 Khan et al 2010 Banerjee et al

2009 Kharwar et al2008 Kumaresan et al

2001) Endophytic microbes are the source of

natural products for optimizing the search for

new bioactive secondary metabolites It is also

relevant to consider that

i The secondary metabolites synthesis may

correspond with its respective ecological niche

OR

ii Continual metabolic interaction between

endophytes and plant may enhance the

synthesis of secondary metabolites

Studies have proved that they have the

capacity to produce toxins in response to

infection that benefits the host plants (Stone et

al 2000) Unlike the plant host many

endophytes are able to survive under quite

extreme and inhospitable conditions In one

study hyphae within stored mycorrhizal roots

survived for six years in dry soil (Stone et al

2000 Strobel et al 2004) and endophytes can

be extracted from plant samples long after the

plant tissues has died

Endophytes and their potential in drug

discovery

Endophytic microbes from medicinal plants

are good source of functional metabolites

(Tejesvi et al 2007 Bailey et al 2006)

Endophyte infections have been found to alter

pattern of gene expression in the host plant

(Baily et al 2006) Endophytes from

Angiosperms as well as Gymnosperms have

been studied for presence of novel secondary

metabolites The natural products produced by

endophytes have vast range of bioactivities

representing a vast reservoir offering an

enormous potential for exploitation in

medicinal agricultural and industrial uses (Tan

and Zou 2001) Crude extracts from culture

broth of endophytes found to show

antibacterial antifungal antiviral anti-

inflammatory and antitumor activities (Silva et

al 2007) Therefore endophytes open up new

areas for the biotechnological exploitations

Host endophyte relationship and effect on

metabolites production

Microorganisms are likely to harbor

metabolic pathways that lead to the production

of novel secondary metabolites Many of the

important secondary metabolites have been

extracted and characterized from endophytic

microbes (Tan and Zou 2001) which includes

alkaloids steroids terpenoids peptides

polyketones flavenoids quinols and phenols

In addition natural products also often serve as

lead structures whose activity can be enhanced

by exploitation through synthetic chemistry

(Strobel and Daisy 2003) Endophytes are able

to increase host fitness and competitive

abilitity by increasing nutritional uptake

resistance to seed predators seed germination

success tolerance to heavy metals high salinity

and good growth rate through biochemical

pathways such as phytohormone indole acetic

acid (IAA) from fungal endophytes

Acremonium coenophialum Aureobasidium

pullulans Epicoccum purpurascens and

Collectotrichum sp along with IAA cytokinins



were also produced by an endophytic

Hypoxylon serpens (Tan and Zou 2001) Plants

provide spatial arrangement shelter nutrients

and distribution to the next generation of

microbes (Rudgers 2000) Plant may provide

vital compounds for the completion of the life

cycle of the endophytes (Strobel 2002)

Current research suggested that endophytes and

plant genotypic combinations together with

environmental conditions are an important

source of variation in endophyte host

interactions (Faeth and Fagan 2002) Many

factors such as season age environment and

location may contribute and influence the

biology of endophyte (Strobel and Daisy

2003) Endophytes derive nutrients from the

plant without killing host endophytic microbes

such as Phomopsis Phoma Colletotrichum and

Phyllosticta have wide host range and found to

colonize numerous taxonomically distinct

plants (Murali et al 2006 Sieber 2007)

developing adaptations to overcome different

types of host defence

Endophyte infection affects the

concentration of abscisic acid in leaves of

drought stressed grasses and this helps in the

recovery of endophytes infected plant in water

deficient conditions also Endophytic microbes

residing in the host tissue some time turn in to a

pathogen in response to some environmental

signal (Hendry et al 2002) Such a change in

the nature of the endophytes would also result

in a change in its metabolite profile

(Suryanarayanan and Murali 2006)

Endophytic microbes associated with

traditionally used medicinal plants particularly

of the tropics could be a rich source of

functional metabolites (Tejesvi et al 2007)

Diversity and distribution of

microorganisms recovered as endophytes

There are some major points represented

with respect to diversity and distribution of

endophytes as follows i Individual endophytes

can switch symbiotic lifestyles and the result of

symbiosis is influenced by host genotypes ii

Mutalistic benefits conferred by endophytes are

also influenced by plant genotypes iii The host

range of endophytes is inadequately defined

and which includes both monocot and dicot

species and iv Endophyte‟s host plant

describes adaptive symbiosis Some endophytes

have evolved with a high degree of suppleness

to enter between genetically distinct plant

species which provides endophytes an option to

develop habitat range Endophytic microbes

can have intense effects on plant ecology their

fitness and are able to produce number of

bioactive agents The fossil proof shows that

fungal symbionts have been associated with

plants from the Ordovician period of

approximately 400 million years ago when

plants first became established on land

(Redecker et al 2000) migrating from aquatic

to terrestrial habitats There are two major

classes of fungal symbionts associated with

internal plant tissues such as

i Fungal endophytes residing entirely within

host plants and associated with roots stems

leaves and flowers

ii Mycorrhizal fungi that are residing only in

roots but extend out into the rhizosphere

In count to this fungal endophytes also are

divided into two classes

i A comparatively minute number of

fastidious species limited to a few monocot

host plants (Clay and Schardl 2002)

ii A huge number of tractable species with

broad host ranges together with monocots

and eudicots (Stone 2000)

Considerable research have been done in

class I endophytes as compared to class II

endophytes corresponding largest group of

fungal symbionts This is because the class II

endophytes have only been elucidated in recent

times and shown to be responsible for the

adaptation of some plants to high-stress

environments (Suryanarayanan and Murali

2006) Endophytic fungi may express different

symbiotic lifestyles in response to the host

genotypes and environmental factors Lifestyle

expression of endophytes is a post colonization

phenomenon which involves biochemical and

genetic communications between endophytic

microbes and host Basically grass species



have been entirely studied in relation to their

endophytic biology (Tan and Zou 2001)

Clavicipitaceous endophytes represents Class I

and are small number of phylogenetically

related Clavicipitaceous species which are

fastidious in culture and also limited to some

cool and warm seasonal grasses (Stone et al

2004) Transmission of these class I endophytes

is mostly vertical with maternal plants passing

fungi on to offspring by means of the seed

infections (Leuchtman 2003) Class II

endophyte generally comprises diverse species

all of which in general are members of the

Dikarya (Ascomycota or Basidiomycota) having

ability to give habitat specific stress tolerance

to host plantsThe main established hypothesis

says that Clavicipitaceous endophytes are

defensive mutualists of host grasses and play

role during their evolution (Tanaka et al

2005) Class III endophytes are basically

distinguished on the basis of their occurrence

and horizontal transmission including vascular

nonvascular plants some woody and

herbaceous angiosperms in tropical forest and

antarctic plant communities These endophytes

are especially known for their huge diversity

within individual host tissues plants and also

populations Class IV endophytes contains

darkly melanized septa and they are restricted

to plant roots Generally these are

Ascomycetous fungi conidial or sterile and

forming melanized structures and also found in

non mycorrhizal plants from antarctic arctic

tropical ecosystems and temperate zones

Diversity of endophytic microbes shows to

protect plants from the herbivores and is

responsible for the production of novel

secondary metabolites Fungal endophytes

those vertically transmitted are sexual and

transmit via fungal hyphae penetrating the

hosts‟ seeds for eg Neotyphodium these fungi

are frequently mutualistic and on the contrary

endophytes transmitting horizontally are sexual

and transmit via spores which can be spread by

wind and insect vectors also The endophytic

microbes possibly adopt the same strategy as

that of plant pathogenic fungi in order to enter

the host plant (Sieber 2007)

Research emphasize that endophytes are

usually not host specific single endophyte can

have wide host range Same microbe isolated

from different tissue or part of the same host

plant differs in their abilities for utilization of

different substances endophytic organisms

associated with plants are varied and complex

Subsequent identification of potential genes

provides evidence of specific pathway for

known alkaloids synthesis by endophytes

(Tanaka et al 2005) Consequently if

endophytes can produce the same bioactive

compounds as their host plants this would

reduce the need to harvest slow growing rare

plants and also help to preserve the worlds

diminishing biodiversity

Plant growth promoting endophytes

Endophytes show numerous direct and

indirect mechanisms to promote plant growth

and health Direct plant growth promoting

mechanisms from endophytic suppression of

the production of stress ethylene by 1-

aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC)

deaminase activity (Dell‟Amico et al 2005)

and alteration of sugar sensing mechanisms in

plants Non reducing disaccharide such as

trehalose is main storage carbohydrate of

bacteria it is also produced in plants but in

lesser extent as compaire to sucrose This sugar

thought to play a vital role in plants for

controlling their partitioning of carbon into cell

wall biomass (Ramon and Rolland 2007)

Alteration in biosynthesis and metabolism of

trehalose also increase tolerance to drought

salt and cold Therefore several endophytic

bacteria from poplar tree were able to

metabolize trehalose for example

Plasmodiophora brassicase Plant-associated

bacteria benefits plant by preventing the growth

of pathogens through antibiosis (Zhang et al

2004) Plant-growth-promoting endophytic

bacteria were isolated from Brachiaria hybrid

CIAT 36062 and introduced into Brachiaria

hybrid cv Mulato positive for nif H gene

sequences and inoculated Mulato plants

showed higher chlorophyll and total nitrogen

contents in leaves DNA sequence analysis

demonstrated that the nif H gene found were

highly similar to Klebsiella pneumoniae and



some other N2-fixing organisms identical to

those of other N2-fixing bacteria For this

reason plant research area are now diverted to

use endophytes in development of agriculture

crops and forest regeneration

Natural Products from Endophytes

The requirement for new antimicrobial

agents generally comes from the increasing

resistance of pathogenic microbes towards

antibiotics Many microorganisms are known to

acquire resistance to commonly used

antimicrobial chemical compounds So the

interest in natural methods of pathogen control

through new eco-friendly agents has increased

The biologically active natural products from

endophytes are excellent resources for

medicine agriculture and industry (Guo et al

2008) About 51 of biologically active

substances from fungal endophytes were

previously unknown Amines and amides are

very common metabolite products from

endophytes and have shown to be toxic to

insects but not to mammals Bioactive

metabolites such as steroids terpenoids and

diterpenes also are generated by endophytes

Endophyte also produces extracellular

hydrolyases to establish a resistance

mechanism against plant invasion which

includes some of the extracellular enzymes like

cellulases proteinase lipases and esterases

The actions of these enzymes found to support

the hypothesis of co-evolution between

endophytes and their hosts (Tan and Zou

2001) Number of secondary metabolites

produced by fungal endophytes is larger than

that of any other endophytic microorganisms

Endophytic fungi are a promising source of

novel compounds (Redecker et al 2000)

Role of Endophytes in the discovery of

anticancer agents

Endophytes hold main position in drug

discovery as it has antibiotic antiviral and

anticancer properties due to their ability to

produce novel chemicals which can be used as

drugs Pacli taxel was first found in plants and

later on reported from fungal endophyte It is

the first major group of anticancer agents which

is produced by endophytes and now much

research has been conducted on endophytes to

determine its anticancer activity Production of

taxol was also done from endophytic fungi

Lasiodiplodia theobromae isolated from

Morinda citrifolia with its cytotoxicity against

human breast cancer cell line Other important

anticancer agents from the fungal endophytes

were reported including camptothecin and

several analogues (Redman et al 2001)

vincristine (Figure 1Chemdraw) and

podophyllotoxin Subsequently one hundred

anticancer compounds which belong to

different chemical classes with activity against

45 different cell lines have been isolated from

different fungal species belonging to different

groups out of which 57 were novel

oranalogues of known compounds Endophytic

fungi was isolated and identified from

Juniperus communis L Horstmann as a novel

producer of deoxypodophyllotoxin (Kusari et

al 2009)

Figure 1Vincristine Figure 2 Sterigmatocystin



Secondary metabolites from endophytes as

antibiotics

Plants with ethno botanical history are

generally expected to be powerful source of

endophytes producing active natural products

As more than 3000 diseases are clinically

described today less than one third of these can

be treated symptomatically And even a less

than that need needs new therapeutic agent with

infectious diseases control (Strobel and Daisy

2003) Tan and Zou in recent times isolated

secondary metabolites of endophytes are

synthesizing via variety of metabolic pathways

(Tan and Zou 2001) eg polyketide isoprenoid

or amino acid derivation and belonging to

different structural groups such as phenols

isocoumarins steroids xanthones perylene

derivatives depsipetides quinines furandiones

terpenoids and cytochalasines Fungus

Podospora Sp endophytic from the plant

Laggera alata (Asteraceae) shows presence of

xanthones sterigmatocystin (Figure

2Chemdraw) Also chaetoglobosin A and

rhizotonic acid were reported from endophytic

Chaetomium globosum in Maytenus hookeri

and Rhizoctonia Sp in cynodon dactylon

correspondingly to be active against the gastric

ulcer Altersetin from endophytic Alternaria Sp

shows potent activity against pathogenic Gram

positive bacteria

Fungal genus Cinnamomum zeylanicum

found to be producing extremely bioactive

volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

Endophytic Muscodor albus produces a

mixture of VOCs consists primarily of various

alcohols acids esters ketones and lipids

Cryptocandin A an antifungal lipopeptide was

isolated from endophytic Cryptosporiopsis

quercina containing a number of unusual

hydroxylated amino acids and 3 hydroxy-4-

hydroxymethyl proline which founds to be

active against some fungal pathogens like

Candida albicans Trichophyton Sp

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea

(Wipornpan et al 2001) The endophytic

Chloridium Sp from Aindica produces

Javanicin (Figure 3 Chemdraw) which is

highly active against Pseudomonas Spp

(Tejesvi et al 2007) A tetramic acid cryptocin

(Figure 4 Chemdraw) was obtained from

endophytic microbe strong activity against

Pyricularia oryzae plant pathogenic fungi

Endophytic fungus initiate production of

Ambillic acid which is highly functionalized

cyclohexenone with strong antifungal activity

A strain of Pestalotiopsis microspora isolated

from the tree Torreya taxifolia produces a

compound pestaloside having antifungal

activity Pestalotiopsis jester is an endophytic

fungi produces the extremely functionalized

cyclohexenone epoxides jesterone and hydroxy

jesterone exhibiting excellent antifungal

activities against a variety pathogenic fungi of

plants Fungal endophyte isolated from

Acalypha indica species shows potent

antibacterial activity against human pathogenic

bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis Klebsiella

pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus The

mechanism of antibiosis includes production of

antibiotic compounds bioactive volatile

organic compounds (VOCs) and some enzymes

(Ownley et al 2010) Fungal endophyte

Phomopsis Sp YM 311483 produces four new

ten membered lactones activite against

Aspergillus niger Botrytis cinere and Fusarium

spendophytic (Strobel 2002) Jesterone

synthesis was reported with potent antifungal

activity from endophytic Pestalotiopsis jesteri

Endophytic fungi isolated from Rhizophora

mucronata Avicenna officialis and Avicenna

marina and their ethyl acetate extract showed

maximum antibacterial activity against

bacterial pathogens and anticancer activity for

Hep2 and MCF7 cell line In Vitro

Endophytic Gram positive bacteria like

Bacillus Sp have also been isolated from

cotton cucumber root and citrus plant

Coronamycin characterize a complex peptide

antibiotic with activities against pythiaceaus

fungi human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus

neoformans and also against the malarial

parasite Plasmodium falciparum was produced

by a Verticillate Streptomyces spendophyte

from an epiphytic vine Monstera Sp (Ezra et

al 2004) During the isolation of endophytes

actinomycetes generally appeared much later

than endophytic bacteria and fungi and are also

able to produce various metabolites



Streptomyces Sp NRRL30566 from a fern-

leaved grevillea (Grevillea pteridifolia) tree

reported to produce original kakadumycin

chemically related to echinomycin

Biologically dynamic species of Streptomyces

were isolated from species of Nothofagus and

some other plants from the southern reaches

Patagonia Having activity against plant

pathogens like Pythium ultimum Sclerotinia

sclerotiorum Mycosphaere llafijiensis and

Rhizoctonia solani (Wu et al 2007 Castillo et

al 2007)

Figure 3 Javanicin Figure 4 Cryptocin


antiviral agent

Endophytes have also been studied for their

antiviral activity the emergence of

multiresistance against existing drugs and high

cost of current therapies as well as the AIDS

associated opportunistic infections such as

Cytomegalo virus and Polyoma virus needs

essential antiviral agent Cytonic acid A and B

were recognized as human cytomegalo virus

protease inhibitors from endophytic fungus

Cytonaema Sp isolated from Quercus Sp (Guo

et al 2008) A novel quinine related

metabolites xanthoviridicatins E and F was also

produced by an endophytic Penicillium

chrysogenum able to inhibit the cleavage

reaction of HIV-1 integrase

Some antioxidant compounds produced by

endophytes

Free radicals are atoms causing damage to

body cells and harmful to our immune system

leading to many of degenerative diseases

Antioxidant donates electron to free radicals

and converts them to harmless molecules

protecting cells from oxidative damage aging

and various diseases Antioxidant are habitually

produced many endophytes Pestacin and

Isopestacin were produced by Pestalotiopsis

microspora from host Terminalia morobensis

(Strobel 2002) About 12 endophytes from

Trachelospermum jasminoides were assayed

for more potent free radicals scavenging

activities using 1 1 diphenyl-2-picrylhyrazyl

(DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals assay

Endophytes from medicinal plants are main

resources for antioxidant metabolites helps to

study relationship between total antioxidant

capacity (TAC) and total phenolic content

(TPC) The antioxidant capacities of the

endophytes were significantly correlated with

their total phenolic contents suggesting that

phenolics are the key antioxidant constituents

of endophytic microbes Metabolites produced

by fungal endophyte can be a good source of

novel natural antioxidant compounds (Wu et

al 2007)


antimycotic agents

Fungal infections are now becoming

difficult problem as a result of the bigger

numbers organ transplants patients with

weakened immume systems so required new

antimycotic agent to contest these problems

(Strobel 2002) A unique peptide antimycotic

Cryptocandin A was isolated from

Cryptosporiopsis quercina endophyte of

medicinal plant Tripterigeum wilfordii



Secondary metabolites from endophytes

with further intersting Pharmacological

activities

Compounds with immuno-suppressive

activities were obtained from endophytic fungi

such as subglutinols A and B which are non

cytotoxic diterpene pyrones from Fusarium

subglutinans endophyte from Triptergium

wilfordii Aurasperone A (Figure 5

Chemdraw) from endophytic Aspergillus niger

isolated from Cynodon dactylon is xanthine

oxidase inhibitor 3 Hydroxypropionic acid was

isolated from endophytic fungi showing

nematicidal activity against the plant-parasitic

nematode such as Meloidogyne incognita with

the Lithal dose 50 values of 125ndash15microgml

This was the first report of 3-hydroxypropionic

acid from endophytic fungi with the

nematicidal activity (Michael et al 2004)

Endophytes do produce secondary metabolites

when placed in culture however the

temperature the composition of the medium

and the degree of aeration will affect the

amount and kind of compound that are

produced by an endophytic fungus (Strobel et

al 2004) The host endophyte interaction

provides nutrients and shelter for endophytes

which in substitute improve plant growth and

health Many endophytic bacteria are closely

related to environmental and clinical isolates

whose genomes have been or are in the process

of being sequenced

Figure 5 Aurasperone

Plant endophyte interactions affect

metabolite production

Plants have been viewed as a major source

of new lead compounds for drug discovery

attention has more recently turned to

endophytes as these microorganisms have great

potential as sources for new bioactive

compounds (Jalgaonwala and Mahajan 2011)

This may be the case because endophytes may

have developed close biological associations

with and inside their host leading to the

production of high number and diversity of

classes of biological activities Thus they

represent an under-utilized resource in the

search for new compounds Studies of these

organisms indicate that they are prolific

producers of compounds that can be exploited

as both agrochemical and medicinal agents

(Jalgaonwala and Mahajan 2011 Jalgaonwala

et al 2011)

Jalgaonwala and Mahajan (2011) made

investigation on different tissues of selected

fifteen indigenous medicinal plants such as

Aloe vera Curcuma longa Azadirachta indica

Coriandrum sativam Eucalyptus globules

Hibiscus rosa sinensis Ixora coccinea

Murrayo koenginii Musa paradiasica Ocimum

sanctum Pongamia glabra Sphaeranthus

indicus Vinca rosea Vitex nigundo and

Withania somniphera The research provided

by Jalgaonwala and Mahajan (2011) evidence

that isolated endophytes such as bacteria fungi

and actinomycetes are capable to survive inside

medicinal plants The endophytic diversity

from selected plant species was rich About

50 of test isolates exhibit potent antimicrobial

activity and metabolite were partially

characterized with attempts to identify potent



microbesThe search for new compounds is

certainly of equal importance however has

been the discovery that some endophytes

produce compounds that have been exclusively

isolated from higher plants Described below in

Table 1 are some examples of bioactive

products from endophytic fungi and their

potential in the pharmaceutical and

agrochemical arenas

Table 1 List of natural products produce by endophytes

Microbial strain Plant host Natural product(s) Biological activity

Acremonium zeae (NRRL

13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)

Zea maydis L (maize)

(Poaceae) Pyrrocidine A Pyrrocidine B Antibacterial

Antifungal

Aspergillus clavatus strain H-

037 (Trichocomaceae) Taxus mairei (Lemeacutee amp

Leacutev) and Torreya

grandis Arn (Taxaceae)

Brefeldin A Antifungal Antiviral

Anticancer

Aspergillus fumigatus CY018

(Trichocomaceae) Cynodon dactylon (L)

Pers (Poaceae) Asperfumoid Asperfumin

Monomethylsulochrin Antifungal

Mycotoxin Antifungal

Mycotoxin

Aspergillus niger IFB-E003


Pers (Poaceae) Rubrofusarin BFonsecinone

A

Aurasperone AAsperpyrone B

Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor

Aspergillus parasiticus

RDWD1-2 (Trichocomaceae) Sequoia sempervirens (D

Don) Endl(Taxodiaceae) Sequoiatone C Sequoiatone D toxic to brine shrimp

toxic to brine shrimp

Aspergillus sp (Strain

CY725) (Trichocomaceae) Cynodon dactylon (L)

Pers (Poaceae) Monomethylsulochrin

Helvolic acid

Ergosterol

5α8α-Epidioxyergosterol

Antibacterial

Eosinophil inhibitor

Antibacterial

Botrytis sp (Sclerotiniaceae) Taxus brevifolia Nutt

(Taxaceae) Ramulosin 6-

hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Cephalosporium sp IFB-E001

(mitosporic Hypocreales) Trachelospermum

jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)

Graphislactone A (23) Antioxidant

Ceratopycnidium

baccharidicola (Ascomycetes

Incerte sedis)

Baccharis cordifolia L

(Asteraceae) Rodicins

Verrucarins toxic to livestock

toxic to livestock

Chaetomium chiversii CS-36-

62 (Chaetomiaceae) Ephedra fasciculata A

Nels (Ephedraceae) Radicicol cytotoxic Hsp90

inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum

(Chaetomiaceae) Ephedra fasciculata A

Nels (Ephedraceae) Orsellinic acid

Globosumone A Cytotoxic

Cytotoxic

Cladosporium herbarum IFB-

E002 (Mycosphaerellaceae) Cynodon dactylon (L)

Pers (Poaceae) Aspernigrin A

Rubrofusarin B Cytotoxic xanthine

oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146

(Valsaceae) Forsteronia spicata G

Meyer (Apocynaceae) Cytosporone A

Cytosporone B Antifungal cytotoxic

Antibacterial

Fusarium oxysporum strain

97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)

Catharanthus roseus (L)

G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner

Vincristine Anticancer

Fusarium sp IFB-121

(mitosporic Hypocreales) Quercus variabilis L

(Fagaceae) Cerebroside

fusaruside

Antibacterial xanthine

Oxidase inhibitor

Hormonema sp ATCC 74360

(Dothioraceae) Juniperus communis L

(Cupressaceae) Enfumafungin Antifungal

Melanconium betulinium

(Melanconidaceae) Betula pendula Roth B

pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)

3-hydroxypropionic acid Nematocidal



Microsphaeropsis olivacea

(mitosporic Ascomycota) Pilgerodendron uviferum

(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]

7-hydroxy-24-dimethyl-

3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin

Graphislactone A Botrallin

acetylcholinesterase

(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor

Microsphaeropsis sp strain

NRRL 15684 (mitosporic

Ascomycota)

Buxus sempervirens L

(Buxaceae) Lactone S 39163F-I Antimicrobial

Antiviral

Monochaetia sp

(Amphisphaeriaceae) several rain forest plants Ambuic acid Antimycotic

Muscodor albus (mitosporic

Xylariales) Cinnamomum zeylanicum

Schaelter (Lauraceae) Volatile antibiotics Antibiotic

Mycelia sterilia (Ascomycota) Atropa belladonna L

(Solanaceae) Preussomerin G

Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor

Nodulisporium sp MF 5954

ATCC 74245 (microsporic

Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L

(Scrophulariaceae) Nodulisporic acid A

Nodulisporic acid A1 Insecticidal

Insecticidal

Paecilomyces sp H-036 and

W-001 (Trichocomaceae) Taxus mairei (Lemeacutee amp

Leacutev) and Torreya grandis

Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management

Penicillium implicatum

(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)

Diphylleia sinensis H L

Li (Berberidaceae) Substance analogous to

podophyllotoxin Anticancer

Penicillium janczewskii

(Trichocomaceae) Prumnopitys andina

(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic

antibacterial antiviral

Periconia sp OBW-15

(Halosphaeriaceae) Taxus cuspidata Siebold

amp Zucc (Taxaceae) Periconicin A

Periconicin B Antimycotic

Hypocotyl elongation

and root growth

Pestalotiopsis jesteri

(Amphisphaeriaceae) Fragraea bodenii Thunb

(Gentianaceae) Jesterone

hydroxyjesterone Antifungal

Antimycotic

Pestalotiopsis microspora

(Amphisphaeriaceae) Terminalia morobensis L

(Combretaceae) Pestacin

Isopestacin Antimycotic

Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli

(Valsaceae) tropical 3-hydroxypropionic acid Nematicidal

Phomopsis sp (Valsaceae) Erythrina crista-galli L

(Fabaceae) Phomol Antibacterial

Antifungal

anti-inflammatory

Pseudomassaria sp ATCC

74411 (Hyponectriaceae) unidentified plant

(collected near Kinshasa

Democratic Republic of

Congo)

Demethylasterriquinone B1

(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator

Serratia marcescens MSU-97

(Enterobacteriaceae) Rhyncholacis penicillata

Tul (Podostemaceae) (ndash)-oocydin A Antifungal

unidentified fungus CR115

(90 similarity to an

uncharacterized oat root

Basidiomycete)

Daphnopsis americana

(Miller) J S Johnson

(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial

Unidentified fungus strain

SWS 2611L (DAOM 229664) Picea glauca (Moench)

Voss (Pinaceae) 67-dihydroxy-2-propyl-24-

octadien-4-olide 568-

trihydroxy-4-(1prime-hydroxyethyl)

Toxic to spruce

budworm cell line CF-

1 Source Gunatilaka 2006



CONCLUSION

Endophytes comprise a diverse group of

species existing in several ecosystems In

present report we summarise the study of

endophytes their diversity and bioprospecting

Endophytic microbes are omnipresent within

all identified plants in various bionetworks but

the geographical differences in their diversity

composition host and tissue specificity have

not been well documented A powerful and

good sequencing technology will make the

global assessment of endophyte diversity The

above discussed novel bioactive compounds are

only a few examples of what has been found

after the isolation and culturing of individual

endophytic fungi followed by purification and

characterization of some of their natural

products The prospects of finding new drugs

that may be affective for treating newly

developing diseases in humans plants and

animals are great their applications in industry

agriculture may also be discovered among the

novel products produced by endophytes

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We are thankful to principal Moolji Jaitha

College Jalgaon for providing laboratory as

well as library facilities to complete the

research work

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of foliar endophytic progresschallenges

and frontierFungal Biology

Reviews2151ndash66

Boursnell B (1950) The symbiotic seed borne

fungi in the Cistaceae distribution and

function of the fungus in the seedling and

the tissues of the mature plantAnnals of

Botany54217ndash234

Bultman TL and Murphy JC (2000) Do

fungal endophytes mediate wound-

induced resistance In Microbial

Endophytes Bacon CWand White JF

(eds) Marcel Dekker New

York16421ndash452

Bills G Dombrowski A Pelaez F Polishook

J and An Z (2002) Recent and future

discoveries of pharmacologically active

metabolites from tropical fungiTropical

Mycology CABI PublishingNew

Yorkl265ndash194

Bailey BA Bae MD Strem DP Roberts

SEThomas J Crozier GJ Samuels

IYChoi and Holmes K A

(2006)Fungal and plant gene expression

during the colonization of cacao

seedlings by endophytic isolates of four

Trichoderma species Planta 2241449ndash

1464

Banerjee D Manna S Mahapatra S and Pati

BR (2009)Fungal endophytes in three

medicinal plants of Lamiaceae Acta

Microbiol Immunol Hung563243ndash50

Clay K and Schardl C (2002)Evolution origins

and ecological consequences of

endophyte symbiosis with

grassesAmerican Naturalist16099ndash127

Castillo UF Browne L Strobel G Hess

WM Ezra S Pacheco G and Ezra D

(2007) Biologically active endophytic

Streptomycetes from Nothofagus Spp

and other plants in Patagonia Microbial

Ecology5312ndash19



De Bary A (1866) Morphologie and

physiologie der Pilze Flechten and

Myxomycten In Hofmeister‟s

Handbook of Physiological

Botany2Leipzig

Dell‟Amico E Cavalca L and Andreoni V

(2005) Analysis of rhizobacterial

communities in perennial Graminaceae

from polluted water meadow soil and

screening of metal-resistant potentially

plant growth-promoting bacteria FEMS

Microbiol Ecol 52 153ndash162

Ezra D Uvidello F Castillo Strobel GA

Hess WM Porter H Jensen JB

Margaret AMCondron DBTeplow

JS Maranta M Maranta MH

Weber B and Yaver D

(2004)Cronomycins peptide antibiotics

produced by a verticillate Streptomyces

Sp (MSU-2110) endophytic on

Monstera Sp Microbiology150785ndash

793

Faeth SH and Fagan WF (2002) Fungal

endophytesCommon host plant

symbionts but uncommon mutualists

Integrative and Comparative Biology

42(2)360ndash368

Gunatilaka AAL (2006) Natural products

from plant-associated microorganisms

distribution structural diversity

bioactivity and implications of their

occurrence J Nat Prod 69(30) 509ndash

526

Guo B Wang Y Sun X and Tang K (2008)

Bioactive natural products from

endophytes A review Applied

Biochemistry and Microbiology 44

(2)136ndash14

Hata K Futai K and Tsuda M (1998)

Seasonal and needle age-dependent

changes of the endophytic mycobiota in

Pinus thunbergii and Pinus densiflora

needlesCan J Bot76 245ndash250

Hendry SJ Boddy L and Lonsdole D

(2002)Abiotic variable effect

differential expression of latent

infections in beech (Fagus sylvatica)

New phytologist155449ndash460

Huang WY Cai YZ Hyde KD Corke H

and Sun M (2008) Biodiversity of

endophytic fungi associated with 29

traditional Chinese Medicinal

PlantsFungal Diversity3361ndash75

Jalgaonwala RE and Mahajan RT

(2011)Isolation and characterization of

endophytic bacteria from roots of

Pongamia glabra vent International

Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences

2( 1) 280ndash287


(2011)Evaluation of hydrolytic enzyme

activities of endophytes from some

indigenous medicinal plants Journal of

Agricultural Technology 7(6)1733ndash

1741

Jalgaonwala RE and Mahajan RT (2011)

Proteolytic activity of endophytic

bacteria from leaves of Eucalyptus

globulesBionano Frontier 4(2) 287ndash

289

Jalgaonwala REMohite BV and Mahajan

RT (2011)A Review Natural products

from plant associated endophytic fungi

Journal of Microbiology and

Biotechnology Research1(2)21ndash32

Jalgaonwala RE and Mahajan RT (2011)A

Review Bacterial endophytes and their

bioprospecting Journal of Pharmacy

Research4(3)795ndash799

Katznelson H and Cole SE (1965)Production

of giberellin like substances by bacteria

and actinomycetes Can J

Microbiol11733ndash741



Kumaresan V and Suryanarayanan TS

(2001)Occurrence and distribution of

endophytic fungi in a mangrove

community Mycological Research

(105)388ndash1391

Kharwar RN Verma VC Kumar A

Gond SK Harper KJ Hess WM

Lobkovosky E Ma C Ren Y and

Strobel GA (2008)Javanicin an

antibacterial naphthaquinone from an

endophytic fungus of neem Chloridium

Sp Current Microbiol58233ndash238

Kusari S Lamshoft M and Spiteller M

(2009)Aspergillus fumigatus Fresenius

an endophytic fungus from Juniperus

communis L Horstmann as a novel

source of the anticancer pro-drug

deoxypodophyllotoxin Journal of

Applied Microbiology1071019ndash1030

Khan R Shahzad S Chaudhary IM Khan

SA and Ahmad A (2010)Communities

of endophytic fungi in medicinal plant

Withania somnifera PakJBot

42(2)1281ndash1287

Leuchtman A (2003) InWhite JF Bacon

CW Hywel-Jones NL Spatafora

JWeds New York USA Marcel-

Dekker341ndash175

Michael S Barbel K Roland WS Weber

Lov OS and Heidrum A (2004) -3

Hydroxypropionic acid was a

nematicidal principle in endophytic

fungiPhytochemistry65 2239ndash2245

Murali TSSuryanarayanan TS and Geeta R

(2006) Endophytic Phomopsis

specieshost range and implications for

diversity estimatesCanadian J of

Microbiology52673ndash680

Ownley BH Gwinn KD and Vega FE

(2010) Endophytic fungal

entomopathogens with activity against

plant pathogens ecology and evolution

Review Biocontrol 55(1)113ndash128

Petrini O (1991) Fungal endophytes of tree

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(edn) by Andrews JH and Hiran

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Redecker D Kodner R and Graham LE

(2000) Glomalean fungi from the

Ordovician Science 2891920ndash192

Redman RS Dunigan DD and Rodriguez

RJ (2001) Fungal symbiosis from

mutualism to parasitism who controls

the out come host or invader New

Phytologist151705ndash716

Rudgers JA Kaslow JM and Clay K

(2000) Endophytic fungi alter

relationships between diversity and

ecosystem properties Ecology

Letters7(1)42ndash51

Ramon M and Rolland F (2007) Plant

development Introducing trehalose

metabolism Trends Plant Sci12185ndash

188

Strobel GA Stierle A Stierle D and Hess

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new taxon for a Bulbilli ferrous

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Stone JK Bacon CW and White JF (2000)

An overview of endophytic microbes

endophytism defined In Microbial

Endophytes Bacon CW and White JF

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Saikkonen K Ion D and Gyllenberg M

(2002) Proceedings of the Royal

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Sciences2691397ndash1403

Strobel GA (2002a) Microbiol gift from rain

forest CanJPlant Pathol 24(1)14ndash20

Strobel G and Daisy B (2003) Bioprospecting

for microbial endophytes and their

natural products MolbiolRev67 491ndash

502



Strobel G Daisy B Castillo U and Harper J

(2004) Natural products from

endophytic microorganisms J Nat

Prod67 257ndash268

Stone JK White JF and Polishook JD

(2004) Endophytic fungiIn measuring

and monitoring biodiversity of fungi

Inventory and monitoring methods

Mueller G Bills G Foster M (eds)

Elsevier Academic Press Boston MA

241ndash270

Schulz B and Boyle C (2005) The endophyte

continuum Mycological Research

109661ndash686

Suryanarayanan TS and Murali TS (2006)

Incidence of Leptosphaerulina

crassiasca in symptomless leaves of

peanut in southern IndiaJournal of

Basic Microbiology461003ndash1006

Sieber T (2007) Endophytic fungi in forest

trees are they mutualists Fungal

Biology Reviews 2175ndash89

Silva GH Teles LH Zanardi LM Young

MC Eberlin MN Hadad R

Pfenning LHCosta-Neto CM

Gamboa I Bolzani V and Arau AR

(2007) Cadinane sesquiterpenoids of

Phomopsis cassiae an endophytic

fungus associated with Cassia

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Phytochemistry6719641969

Tan RX and Zou WX (2001) Endophytes a

rich source of functional metabolites

Natural Product Reports18(4)448ndash

459

Tanaka A Tapper BA Popay A Parker

EJ and Scott B (2005) A symbiosis

expressed non ribosomal peptide

synthetase from a mutualistic fungal

endophyte of perennial ryegrass confers

protection to the symbiotum from insect

herbivory Mol Microbiol571036ndash

1050

Tejesvi MV Kini KR Prakash HS

Subbiah V and Shetty HS (2007)

Genetic diversity and antifungal activity

of species of Pestalotiopsis isolated as

endophytes from medicinal plants

Fungal Diversity2437ndash54

Wipornpan P Saisamorn L Pipob L and

Hyde KD (2001) Endophytic fungi of

wild banana (Musa acuminata) at Doi

Suthep Pui National Park Thailand

Mycological Research105(121)508ndash

1513

Wu WJ Nong JY and Shi BJ (2006) New

pesticides from natural products-

principle Method (In Chinses) Beijing

ChemInd Press301ndash302

WuYH Yi ZC Jie X Harlod C and

Meisun (2007) A potential Antioxidant

Resources Endophytic fungi from

medicinal plants Economic

Botany7(61)114ndash30

Zhang S Reddy M S and Kloepper JW

(2004) Tobacco growth enhancement

and blue mold disease protection by

rhizobacteria Relationship between

plant growth promotion and systemic

disease protection by PGPR strain 90ndash

166 Plant and Soil 262 277ndash288


Call for Papers ndash Vol 3 Issue 8 August 2014

Submit your manuscripts (Research articles Review

articles Short Communications Letters to the Editor

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Submit it online through wwwgjrmicom or mail it to

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Editor-in-chief

Dr Hari Venkatesh K Rajaraman

Managing Editor

Dr Shwetha Hari

Administrator amp Associate Editor

Miss Shyamala Rupavahini

Advisory Board

Prof Rabinarayan Acharya Dr Dinesh Katoch

Dr SNMurthy Dr Mathew Dan Mr Tanay Bose

Dr Nagaraja T M Prof Sanjaya K S Dr Narappa Reddy

Editorial board

Dr Kumaraswamy Dr Madhu KP

Dr Sushrutha CK Dr Ashok BK

Dr JanardhanaVHebbar Dr Vidhya Priya Dharshini K R

Mr R Giridharan Mr Sriram Sridharan

Honorary Members - Editorial Board

Dr Farhad Mirzaei Mr Harshal Ashok Pawar

Dr Sabarinath Subramaniam Dr Yogitha Bali



Micro-biology


EASTERN ALGERIA


Ethno-Botany




243ndash251

Review Article


PLANTS

Sharma Rohit

252ndash262

Review Article




263ndash277



KARNATAKA INDIA






Takia Lograda1


3 Gilles Figueredo

4

1 2






ABSTRACT














Research Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Sanchez et al 2011)












































al 2011)




















(Wang et al 2012)











traditionally uses





Plant material



















































documented

RESULTS

























































(Figure 3)









Yield (vv)

035 03 02 01 025 015


E-Ca-αP-

C


E

αP-Ca-C-

E Eucalyptol 355 422 54 121 66 88

α-pinene 114 138 169 136 151 252

Camphor 145 91 388 169 427 241










1 14 15 13 11 20 10 11 10 9 11 20 9 8 8 8 12 10 12 10

2 0 12 12 9 15 11 10 10 8 9 11 10 8 8 7 14 13 10 10

3 14 10 9 9 11 15 10 9 7 12 12 8 8 10 12 14 15 8 11

4 10 12 13 12 12 9 10 19 7 10 0 0 0 10 9 9 7 0 11

5 16 9 8 10 13 7 12 10 10 10 7 7 7 10 12 11 10 8 10

6 10 11 8 14 15 9 13 15 10 15 13 10 11 10 8 9 14 13 12

7 12 8 8 10 10 9 8 9 12 10 15 11 10 8 7 7 12 10 13

8 15 11 9 12 40 15 10 10 15 15 8 7 0 15 12 10 10 8 10

9 25 10 9 12 12 13 13 20 15 12 20 12 15 10 13 11 11 11 10







Dilution

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Inhib

itio

n d

iam

ete

r (m

m)

E-Ca-ap-C

KherrataE-ap-Ca- C

Bibans

Escherichia coli


MRSA


Salmonella sp


Serratia marcescens


Shigella sp





Gentamicine

frac12

frac14

18

frac12

frac14

18

frac12

frac14

18

Dilution

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26In

hib

itio

n d

iam

ete

r (m

m)

Escherichia coli


MRSA


Salmonella sp


Serratia marcescens


Shigella sp


G frac12 frac14 18

Dilution

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

Inh

ibit

ion

dia

met

er (

mm

)

Escherichia coli


MRSA


Salmonella sp


Serratia marcescens


Shigella sp

ap-Ca-E-C Boutaleb



DISCUSSION







location






























et al 2008)











CONCLUSION

















Algeria

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT




Ferrant France

REFERENCES






97ndash105







195

















3530ndash3535









274ndash282










1039













7(1) 6ndash11
























1525ndash1531














153








































1199ndash1206




















68













468









5(29) 6502ndash6508
































3 176ndash182














179ndash184




Res 10 111









91ndash97


















































97 253ndash260



























9063ndash9070







2713








68

















Rekha R

1 Senthil Kumar S

2





ABSTRACT










Research Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION




















































Data Collection

























































shrub (12)

Fire wood plants






















Wall


implements













































by Malayali tribes






































































S

No


(Tamil)


1 Abrus pulchellus

Wall


plant parts



2 Acorus calamus

Linn





afflictions



Haw


5 Alangium

hexapetalum Lam


plant parts




Linn


twigs


brush




Benth


and windows

8 Albizzia amara

Boivin


shampoo

9 Albizzia lebbeck

Benth


stem


10 Andrographis

echioides Nees


plant part









the dandruff


Wall


shape of harrow


L


plant parts





blacken the hairs


Lam


stem


churn-staff

15 Asclepias

curassavica L




AJuss


twigs


brush

17 Bambusa

arundinaceae Willd


baskets and fans


19 Buchanania

angustifolia Roxb


stem



(L) Aitf




evils afflictions

21 Canthium

parviflorum Lam


plant parts




stem



ripening of fruits

23 Cassia monatana

Heyne



24 Chloroxylon

swietenia DC


stem



make handle of axe


OKze


stem







Benth


windows

28 Clerodendrum

serratum L






Don


and windows


Linn


baskets

31 Cynodon dactylon

(Linn) Pers



blacken the hairs


branches



33 Dalberiga

lanceolaria L


windows


Roxb


stem


pounder

35 Diospyros edenum

JKoeing


windows


Roxb


stem



plant parts




Linn


ae

Whole

plant parts




Linn


brush


Linn



41 Ficus glomerata

Roxb


brush



Roth


windows

44 Gmelina arborea

Roxb


stem




ACunn ex R Br


windows

46 Grewia tenax

(forssk) fiori


plant parts




Vahl


stem


pounder

48 Gyrocarpus

americanus Jacq


stem and

leaves



49 Hibiscus rosa-

sinensis Linn





50 Holarrhena

pubescens Buch-

Ham)WallexGDon


stem




51 Holopetela

integrifolia (Roxb)

Planch


stem










M Arg

Thirichichilai

maram

Euphorbiaceae Woody

stem



grinder

56 Melia composita

Willd


and windows


plant parts



58 Mirabilis jalaba

Linn


plant parts




powder

59 Moringa oleifera

Lamk


stem


60 Ocimum canum

Sims


plant parts




Oktz


branches




branches




Roxb


broom stick


Kurz


stem




66 Psidium guajava

Linn


twigs



fuel

67 Pterocarpus

marsupium Roxb



from evils

68 Randia dumetorum

Lam


plant parts




Lam



Roxb


stem



Harms



72 Semecarpus

anacardium L f



from evils



Roxb



used as a fuel



branches




Skeels


stem


77 Tectona grandis

Linn








Roxb


stem



Retz


fruit






Lamk

Mulaikaradan

mullu

Rutaceae Leaves and

root



81 Wedelia

calendulacea Less

Manjakarisalangan

i






RBr

Palai Apocynaceae

Mature

stem




83 Zanthoxylum

budrunga Wall



used as a fuel


Lamk



and windows

CONCLUSION


















ACKNOWLEDGEMENT













the Plant species

REFERENCES











(3) 515ndash518











216






























(1) 45ndash48







Sharma Rohit1





ABSTRACT












ABBREVIATIONS






KN = Kinetin


Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION







PROTOCOL







































al 2004)




































1986)































(Thakur et al 2009)

3 Bacopa monnieri















































) When these were


BAP (5 mgl-1









)




















2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495



Micro-biology


EASTERN ALGERIA


Ethno-Botany




243ndash251

Review Article


PLANTS

Sharma Rohit

252ndash262

Review Article




263ndash277



KARNATAKA INDIA






Takia Lograda1


3 Gilles Figueredo

4

1 2






ABSTRACT














Research Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Sanchez et al 2011)












































al 2011)




















(Wang et al 2012)











traditionally uses





Plant material



















































documented

RESULTS

























































(Figure 3)









Yield (vv)

035 03 02 01 025 015


E-Ca-αP-

C


E

αP-Ca-C-

E Eucalyptol 355 422 54 121 66 88

α-pinene 114 138 169 136 151 252

Camphor 145 91 388 169 427 241










1 14 15 13 11 20 10 11 10 9 11 20 9 8 8 8 12 10 12 10

2 0 12 12 9 15 11 10 10 8 9 11 10 8 8 7 14 13 10 10

3 14 10 9 9 11 15 10 9 7 12 12 8 8 10 12 14 15 8 11

4 10 12 13 12 12 9 10 19 7 10 0 0 0 10 9 9 7 0 11

5 16 9 8 10 13 7 12 10 10 10 7 7 7 10 12 11 10 8 10

6 10 11 8 14 15 9 13 15 10 15 13 10 11 10 8 9 14 13 12

7 12 8 8 10 10 9 8 9 12 10 15 11 10 8 7 7 12 10 13

8 15 11 9 12 40 15 10 10 15 15 8 7 0 15 12 10 10 8 10

9 25 10 9 12 12 13 13 20 15 12 20 12 15 10 13 11 11 11 10







Dilution

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Inhib

itio

n d

iam

ete

r (m

m)

E-Ca-ap-C

KherrataE-ap-Ca- C

Bibans

Escherichia coli


MRSA


Salmonella sp


Serratia marcescens


Shigella sp





Gentamicine

frac12

frac14

18

frac12

frac14

18

frac12

frac14

18

Dilution

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26In

hib

itio

n d

iam

ete

r (m

m)

Escherichia coli


MRSA


Salmonella sp


Serratia marcescens


Shigella sp


G frac12 frac14 18

Dilution

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

Inh

ibit

ion

dia

met

er (

mm

)

Escherichia coli


MRSA


Salmonella sp


Serratia marcescens


Shigella sp

ap-Ca-E-C Boutaleb



DISCUSSION







location






























et al 2008)











CONCLUSION

















Algeria

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT




Ferrant France

REFERENCES






97ndash105







195

















3530ndash3535









274ndash282










1039













7(1) 6ndash11
























1525ndash1531














153








































1199ndash1206




















68













468









5(29) 6502ndash6508
































3 176ndash182














179ndash184




Res 10 111









91ndash97


















































97 253ndash260



























9063ndash9070







2713








68

















Rekha R

1 Senthil Kumar S

2





ABSTRACT










Research Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION




















































Data Collection

























































shrub (12)

Fire wood plants






















Wall


implements













































by Malayali tribes






































































S

No


(Tamil)


1 Abrus pulchellus

Wall


plant parts



2 Acorus calamus

Linn





afflictions



Haw


5 Alangium

hexapetalum Lam


plant parts




Linn


twigs


brush




Benth


and windows

8 Albizzia amara

Boivin


shampoo

9 Albizzia lebbeck

Benth


stem


10 Andrographis

echioides Nees


plant part









the dandruff


Wall


shape of harrow


L


plant parts





blacken the hairs


Lam


stem


churn-staff

15 Asclepias

curassavica L




AJuss


twigs


brush

17 Bambusa

arundinaceae Willd


baskets and fans


19 Buchanania

angustifolia Roxb


stem



(L) Aitf




evils afflictions

21 Canthium

parviflorum Lam


plant parts




stem



ripening of fruits

23 Cassia monatana

Heyne



24 Chloroxylon

swietenia DC


stem



make handle of axe


OKze


stem







Benth


windows

28 Clerodendrum

serratum L






Don


and windows


Linn


baskets

31 Cynodon dactylon

(Linn) Pers



blacken the hairs


branches



33 Dalberiga

lanceolaria L


windows


Roxb


stem


pounder

35 Diospyros edenum

JKoeing


windows


Roxb


stem



plant parts




Linn


ae

Whole

plant parts




Linn


brush


Linn



41 Ficus glomerata

Roxb


brush



Roth


windows

44 Gmelina arborea

Roxb


stem




ACunn ex R Br


windows

46 Grewia tenax

(forssk) fiori


plant parts




Vahl


stem


pounder

48 Gyrocarpus

americanus Jacq


stem and

leaves



49 Hibiscus rosa-

sinensis Linn





50 Holarrhena

pubescens Buch-

Ham)WallexGDon


stem




51 Holopetela

integrifolia (Roxb)

Planch


stem










M Arg

Thirichichilai

maram

Euphorbiaceae Woody

stem



grinder

56 Melia composita

Willd


and windows


plant parts



58 Mirabilis jalaba

Linn


plant parts




powder

59 Moringa oleifera

Lamk


stem


60 Ocimum canum

Sims


plant parts




Oktz


branches




branches




Roxb


broom stick


Kurz


stem




66 Psidium guajava

Linn


twigs



fuel

67 Pterocarpus

marsupium Roxb



from evils

68 Randia dumetorum

Lam


plant parts




Lam



Roxb


stem



Harms



72 Semecarpus

anacardium L f



from evils



Roxb



used as a fuel



branches




Skeels


stem


77 Tectona grandis

Linn








Roxb


stem



Retz


fruit






Lamk

Mulaikaradan

mullu

Rutaceae Leaves and

root



81 Wedelia

calendulacea Less

Manjakarisalangan

i






RBr

Palai Apocynaceae

Mature

stem




83 Zanthoxylum

budrunga Wall



used as a fuel


Lamk



and windows

CONCLUSION


















ACKNOWLEDGEMENT













the Plant species

REFERENCES











(3) 515ndash518











216






























(1) 45ndash48







Sharma Rohit1





ABSTRACT












ABBREVIATIONS






KN = Kinetin


Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION







PROTOCOL







































al 2004)




































1986)































(Thakur et al 2009)

3 Bacopa monnieri















































) When these were


BAP (5 mgl-1









)




















2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495






Takia Lograda1


3 Gilles Figueredo

4

1 2






ABSTRACT














Research Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Sanchez et al 2011)












































al 2011)




















(Wang et al 2012)











traditionally uses





Plant material



















































documented

RESULTS

























































(Figure 3)









Yield (vv)

035 03 02 01 025 015


E-Ca-αP-

C


E

αP-Ca-C-

E Eucalyptol 355 422 54 121 66 88

α-pinene 114 138 169 136 151 252

Camphor 145 91 388 169 427 241










1 14 15 13 11 20 10 11 10 9 11 20 9 8 8 8 12 10 12 10

2 0 12 12 9 15 11 10 10 8 9 11 10 8 8 7 14 13 10 10

3 14 10 9 9 11 15 10 9 7 12 12 8 8 10 12 14 15 8 11

4 10 12 13 12 12 9 10 19 7 10 0 0 0 10 9 9 7 0 11

5 16 9 8 10 13 7 12 10 10 10 7 7 7 10 12 11 10 8 10

6 10 11 8 14 15 9 13 15 10 15 13 10 11 10 8 9 14 13 12

7 12 8 8 10 10 9 8 9 12 10 15 11 10 8 7 7 12 10 13

8 15 11 9 12 40 15 10 10 15 15 8 7 0 15 12 10 10 8 10

9 25 10 9 12 12 13 13 20 15 12 20 12 15 10 13 11 11 11 10







Dilution

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Inhib

itio

n d

iam

ete

r (m

m)

E-Ca-ap-C

KherrataE-ap-Ca- C

Bibans

Escherichia coli


MRSA


Salmonella sp


Serratia marcescens


Shigella sp





Gentamicine

frac12

frac14

18

frac12

frac14

18

frac12

frac14

18

Dilution

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26In

hib

itio

n d

iam

ete

r (m

m)

Escherichia coli


MRSA


Salmonella sp


Serratia marcescens


Shigella sp


G frac12 frac14 18

Dilution

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

Inh

ibit

ion

dia

met

er (

mm

)

Escherichia coli


MRSA


Salmonella sp


Serratia marcescens


Shigella sp

ap-Ca-E-C Boutaleb



DISCUSSION







location






























et al 2008)











CONCLUSION

















Algeria

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT




Ferrant France

REFERENCES






97ndash105







195

















3530ndash3535









274ndash282










1039













7(1) 6ndash11
























1525ndash1531














153








































1199ndash1206




















68













468









5(29) 6502ndash6508
































3 176ndash182














179ndash184




Res 10 111









91ndash97


















































97 253ndash260



























9063ndash9070







2713








68

















Rekha R

1 Senthil Kumar S

2





ABSTRACT










Research Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION




















































Data Collection

























































shrub (12)

Fire wood plants






















Wall


implements













































by Malayali tribes






































































S

No


(Tamil)


1 Abrus pulchellus

Wall


plant parts



2 Acorus calamus

Linn





afflictions



Haw


5 Alangium

hexapetalum Lam


plant parts




Linn


twigs


brush




Benth


and windows

8 Albizzia amara

Boivin


shampoo

9 Albizzia lebbeck

Benth


stem


10 Andrographis

echioides Nees


plant part









the dandruff


Wall


shape of harrow


L


plant parts





blacken the hairs


Lam


stem


churn-staff

15 Asclepias

curassavica L




AJuss


twigs


brush

17 Bambusa

arundinaceae Willd


baskets and fans


19 Buchanania

angustifolia Roxb


stem



(L) Aitf




evils afflictions

21 Canthium

parviflorum Lam


plant parts




stem



ripening of fruits

23 Cassia monatana

Heyne



24 Chloroxylon

swietenia DC


stem



make handle of axe


OKze


stem







Benth


windows

28 Clerodendrum

serratum L






Don


and windows


Linn


baskets

31 Cynodon dactylon

(Linn) Pers



blacken the hairs


branches



33 Dalberiga

lanceolaria L


windows


Roxb


stem


pounder

35 Diospyros edenum

JKoeing


windows


Roxb


stem



plant parts




Linn


ae

Whole

plant parts




Linn


brush


Linn



41 Ficus glomerata

Roxb


brush



Roth


windows

44 Gmelina arborea

Roxb


stem




ACunn ex R Br


windows

46 Grewia tenax

(forssk) fiori


plant parts




Vahl


stem


pounder

48 Gyrocarpus

americanus Jacq


stem and

leaves



49 Hibiscus rosa-

sinensis Linn





50 Holarrhena

pubescens Buch-

Ham)WallexGDon


stem




51 Holopetela

integrifolia (Roxb)

Planch


stem










M Arg

Thirichichilai

maram

Euphorbiaceae Woody

stem



grinder

56 Melia composita

Willd


and windows


plant parts



58 Mirabilis jalaba

Linn


plant parts




powder

59 Moringa oleifera

Lamk


stem


60 Ocimum canum

Sims


plant parts




Oktz


branches




branches




Roxb


broom stick


Kurz


stem




66 Psidium guajava

Linn


twigs



fuel

67 Pterocarpus

marsupium Roxb



from evils

68 Randia dumetorum

Lam


plant parts




Lam



Roxb


stem



Harms



72 Semecarpus

anacardium L f



from evils



Roxb



used as a fuel



branches




Skeels


stem


77 Tectona grandis

Linn








Roxb


stem



Retz


fruit






Lamk

Mulaikaradan

mullu

Rutaceae Leaves and

root



81 Wedelia

calendulacea Less

Manjakarisalangan

i






RBr

Palai Apocynaceae

Mature

stem




83 Zanthoxylum

budrunga Wall



used as a fuel


Lamk



and windows

CONCLUSION


















ACKNOWLEDGEMENT













the Plant species

REFERENCES











(3) 515ndash518











216






























(1) 45ndash48







Sharma Rohit1





ABSTRACT












ABBREVIATIONS






KN = Kinetin


Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION







PROTOCOL







































al 2004)




































1986)































(Thakur et al 2009)

3 Bacopa monnieri















































) When these were


BAP (5 mgl-1









)




















2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495



INTRODUCTION














Sanchez et al 2011)












































al 2011)




















(Wang et al 2012)











traditionally uses





Plant material



















































documented

RESULTS

























































(Figure 3)









Yield (vv)

035 03 02 01 025 015


E-Ca-αP-

C


E

αP-Ca-C-

E Eucalyptol 355 422 54 121 66 88

α-pinene 114 138 169 136 151 252

Camphor 145 91 388 169 427 241










1 14 15 13 11 20 10 11 10 9 11 20 9 8 8 8 12 10 12 10

2 0 12 12 9 15 11 10 10 8 9 11 10 8 8 7 14 13 10 10

3 14 10 9 9 11 15 10 9 7 12 12 8 8 10 12 14 15 8 11

4 10 12 13 12 12 9 10 19 7 10 0 0 0 10 9 9 7 0 11

5 16 9 8 10 13 7 12 10 10 10 7 7 7 10 12 11 10 8 10

6 10 11 8 14 15 9 13 15 10 15 13 10 11 10 8 9 14 13 12

7 12 8 8 10 10 9 8 9 12 10 15 11 10 8 7 7 12 10 13

8 15 11 9 12 40 15 10 10 15 15 8 7 0 15 12 10 10 8 10

9 25 10 9 12 12 13 13 20 15 12 20 12 15 10 13 11 11 11 10







Dilution

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Inhib

itio

n d

iam

ete

r (m

m)

E-Ca-ap-C

KherrataE-ap-Ca- C

Bibans

Escherichia coli


MRSA


Salmonella sp


Serratia marcescens


Shigella sp





Gentamicine

frac12

frac14

18

frac12

frac14

18

frac12

frac14

18

Dilution

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26In

hib

itio

n d

iam

ete

r (m

m)

Escherichia coli


MRSA


Salmonella sp


Serratia marcescens


Shigella sp


G frac12 frac14 18

Dilution

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

Inh

ibit

ion

dia

met

er (

mm

)

Escherichia coli


MRSA


Salmonella sp


Serratia marcescens


Shigella sp

ap-Ca-E-C Boutaleb



DISCUSSION







location






























et al 2008)











CONCLUSION

















Algeria

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT




Ferrant France

REFERENCES






97ndash105







195

















3530ndash3535









274ndash282










1039













7(1) 6ndash11
























1525ndash1531














153








































1199ndash1206




















68













468









5(29) 6502ndash6508
































3 176ndash182














179ndash184




Res 10 111









91ndash97


















































97 253ndash260



























9063ndash9070







2713








68

















Rekha R

1 Senthil Kumar S

2





ABSTRACT










Research Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION




















































Data Collection

























































shrub (12)

Fire wood plants






















Wall


implements













































by Malayali tribes






































































S

No


(Tamil)


1 Abrus pulchellus

Wall


plant parts



2 Acorus calamus

Linn





afflictions



Haw


5 Alangium

hexapetalum Lam


plant parts




Linn


twigs


brush




Benth


and windows

8 Albizzia amara

Boivin


shampoo

9 Albizzia lebbeck

Benth


stem


10 Andrographis

echioides Nees


plant part









the dandruff


Wall


shape of harrow


L


plant parts





blacken the hairs


Lam


stem


churn-staff

15 Asclepias

curassavica L




AJuss


twigs


brush

17 Bambusa

arundinaceae Willd


baskets and fans


19 Buchanania

angustifolia Roxb


stem



(L) Aitf




evils afflictions

21 Canthium

parviflorum Lam


plant parts




stem



ripening of fruits

23 Cassia monatana

Heyne



24 Chloroxylon

swietenia DC


stem



make handle of axe


OKze


stem







Benth


windows

28 Clerodendrum

serratum L






Don


and windows


Linn


baskets

31 Cynodon dactylon

(Linn) Pers



blacken the hairs


branches



33 Dalberiga

lanceolaria L


windows


Roxb


stem


pounder

35 Diospyros edenum

JKoeing


windows


Roxb


stem



plant parts




Linn


ae

Whole

plant parts




Linn


brush


Linn



41 Ficus glomerata

Roxb


brush



Roth


windows

44 Gmelina arborea

Roxb


stem




ACunn ex R Br


windows

46 Grewia tenax

(forssk) fiori


plant parts




Vahl


stem


pounder

48 Gyrocarpus

americanus Jacq


stem and

leaves



49 Hibiscus rosa-

sinensis Linn





50 Holarrhena

pubescens Buch-

Ham)WallexGDon


stem




51 Holopetela

integrifolia (Roxb)

Planch


stem










M Arg

Thirichichilai

maram

Euphorbiaceae Woody

stem



grinder

56 Melia composita

Willd


and windows


plant parts



58 Mirabilis jalaba

Linn


plant parts




powder

59 Moringa oleifera

Lamk


stem


60 Ocimum canum

Sims


plant parts




Oktz


branches




branches




Roxb


broom stick


Kurz


stem




66 Psidium guajava

Linn


twigs



fuel

67 Pterocarpus

marsupium Roxb



from evils

68 Randia dumetorum

Lam


plant parts




Lam



Roxb


stem



Harms



72 Semecarpus

anacardium L f



from evils



Roxb



used as a fuel



branches




Skeels


stem


77 Tectona grandis

Linn








Roxb


stem



Retz


fruit






Lamk

Mulaikaradan

mullu

Rutaceae Leaves and

root



81 Wedelia

calendulacea Less

Manjakarisalangan

i






RBr

Palai Apocynaceae

Mature

stem




83 Zanthoxylum

budrunga Wall



used as a fuel


Lamk



and windows

CONCLUSION


















ACKNOWLEDGEMENT













the Plant species

REFERENCES











(3) 515ndash518











216






























(1) 45ndash48







Sharma Rohit1





ABSTRACT












ABBREVIATIONS






KN = Kinetin


Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION







PROTOCOL







































al 2004)




































1986)































(Thakur et al 2009)

3 Bacopa monnieri















































) When these were


BAP (5 mgl-1









)




















2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495





Plant material



















































documented

RESULTS

























































(Figure 3)









Yield (vv)

035 03 02 01 025 015


E-Ca-αP-

C


E

αP-Ca-C-

E Eucalyptol 355 422 54 121 66 88

α-pinene 114 138 169 136 151 252

Camphor 145 91 388 169 427 241










1 14 15 13 11 20 10 11 10 9 11 20 9 8 8 8 12 10 12 10

2 0 12 12 9 15 11 10 10 8 9 11 10 8 8 7 14 13 10 10

3 14 10 9 9 11 15 10 9 7 12 12 8 8 10 12 14 15 8 11

4 10 12 13 12 12 9 10 19 7 10 0 0 0 10 9 9 7 0 11

5 16 9 8 10 13 7 12 10 10 10 7 7 7 10 12 11 10 8 10

6 10 11 8 14 15 9 13 15 10 15 13 10 11 10 8 9 14 13 12

7 12 8 8 10 10 9 8 9 12 10 15 11 10 8 7 7 12 10 13

8 15 11 9 12 40 15 10 10 15 15 8 7 0 15 12 10 10 8 10

9 25 10 9 12 12 13 13 20 15 12 20 12 15 10 13 11 11 11 10







Dilution

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Inhib

itio

n d

iam

ete

r (m

m)

E-Ca-ap-C

KherrataE-ap-Ca- C

Bibans

Escherichia coli


MRSA


Salmonella sp


Serratia marcescens


Shigella sp





Gentamicine

frac12

frac14

18

frac12

frac14

18

frac12

frac14

18

Dilution

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26In

hib

itio

n d

iam

ete

r (m

m)

Escherichia coli


MRSA


Salmonella sp


Serratia marcescens


Shigella sp


G frac12 frac14 18

Dilution

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

Inh

ibit

ion

dia

met

er (

mm

)

Escherichia coli


MRSA


Salmonella sp


Serratia marcescens


Shigella sp

ap-Ca-E-C Boutaleb



DISCUSSION







location






























et al 2008)











CONCLUSION

















Algeria

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT




Ferrant France

REFERENCES






97ndash105







195

















3530ndash3535









274ndash282










1039













7(1) 6ndash11
























1525ndash1531














153








































1199ndash1206




















68













468









5(29) 6502ndash6508
































3 176ndash182














179ndash184




Res 10 111









91ndash97


















































97 253ndash260



























9063ndash9070







2713








68

















Rekha R

1 Senthil Kumar S

2





ABSTRACT










Research Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION




















































Data Collection

























































shrub (12)

Fire wood plants






















Wall


implements













































by Malayali tribes






































































S

No


(Tamil)


1 Abrus pulchellus

Wall


plant parts



2 Acorus calamus

Linn





afflictions



Haw


5 Alangium

hexapetalum Lam


plant parts




Linn


twigs


brush




Benth


and windows

8 Albizzia amara

Boivin


shampoo

9 Albizzia lebbeck

Benth


stem


10 Andrographis

echioides Nees


plant part









the dandruff


Wall


shape of harrow


L


plant parts





blacken the hairs


Lam


stem


churn-staff

15 Asclepias

curassavica L




AJuss


twigs


brush

17 Bambusa

arundinaceae Willd


baskets and fans


19 Buchanania

angustifolia Roxb


stem



(L) Aitf




evils afflictions

21 Canthium

parviflorum Lam


plant parts




stem



ripening of fruits

23 Cassia monatana

Heyne



24 Chloroxylon

swietenia DC


stem



make handle of axe


OKze


stem







Benth


windows

28 Clerodendrum

serratum L






Don


and windows


Linn


baskets

31 Cynodon dactylon

(Linn) Pers



blacken the hairs


branches



33 Dalberiga

lanceolaria L


windows


Roxb


stem


pounder

35 Diospyros edenum

JKoeing


windows


Roxb


stem



plant parts




Linn


ae

Whole

plant parts




Linn


brush


Linn



41 Ficus glomerata

Roxb


brush



Roth


windows

44 Gmelina arborea

Roxb


stem




ACunn ex R Br


windows

46 Grewia tenax

(forssk) fiori


plant parts




Vahl


stem


pounder

48 Gyrocarpus

americanus Jacq


stem and

leaves



49 Hibiscus rosa-

sinensis Linn





50 Holarrhena

pubescens Buch-

Ham)WallexGDon


stem




51 Holopetela

integrifolia (Roxb)

Planch


stem










M Arg

Thirichichilai

maram

Euphorbiaceae Woody

stem



grinder

56 Melia composita

Willd


and windows


plant parts



58 Mirabilis jalaba

Linn


plant parts




powder

59 Moringa oleifera

Lamk


stem


60 Ocimum canum

Sims


plant parts




Oktz


branches




branches




Roxb


broom stick


Kurz


stem




66 Psidium guajava

Linn


twigs



fuel

67 Pterocarpus

marsupium Roxb



from evils

68 Randia dumetorum

Lam


plant parts




Lam



Roxb


stem



Harms



72 Semecarpus

anacardium L f



from evils



Roxb



used as a fuel



branches




Skeels


stem


77 Tectona grandis

Linn








Roxb


stem



Retz


fruit






Lamk

Mulaikaradan

mullu

Rutaceae Leaves and

root



81 Wedelia

calendulacea Less

Manjakarisalangan

i






RBr

Palai Apocynaceae

Mature

stem




83 Zanthoxylum

budrunga Wall



used as a fuel


Lamk



and windows

CONCLUSION


















ACKNOWLEDGEMENT













the Plant species

REFERENCES











(3) 515ndash518











216






























(1) 45ndash48







Sharma Rohit1





ABSTRACT












ABBREVIATIONS






KN = Kinetin


Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION







PROTOCOL







































al 2004)




































1986)































(Thakur et al 2009)

3 Bacopa monnieri















































) When these were


BAP (5 mgl-1









)




















2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495








documented

RESULTS

























































(Figure 3)









Yield (vv)

035 03 02 01 025 015


E-Ca-αP-

C


E

αP-Ca-C-

E Eucalyptol 355 422 54 121 66 88

α-pinene 114 138 169 136 151 252

Camphor 145 91 388 169 427 241










1 14 15 13 11 20 10 11 10 9 11 20 9 8 8 8 12 10 12 10

2 0 12 12 9 15 11 10 10 8 9 11 10 8 8 7 14 13 10 10

3 14 10 9 9 11 15 10 9 7 12 12 8 8 10 12 14 15 8 11

4 10 12 13 12 12 9 10 19 7 10 0 0 0 10 9 9 7 0 11

5 16 9 8 10 13 7 12 10 10 10 7 7 7 10 12 11 10 8 10

6 10 11 8 14 15 9 13 15 10 15 13 10 11 10 8 9 14 13 12

7 12 8 8 10 10 9 8 9 12 10 15 11 10 8 7 7 12 10 13

8 15 11 9 12 40 15 10 10 15 15 8 7 0 15 12 10 10 8 10

9 25 10 9 12 12 13 13 20 15 12 20 12 15 10 13 11 11 11 10







Dilution

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Inhib

itio

n d

iam

ete

r (m

m)

E-Ca-ap-C

KherrataE-ap-Ca- C

Bibans

Escherichia coli


MRSA


Salmonella sp


Serratia marcescens


Shigella sp





Gentamicine

frac12

frac14

18

frac12

frac14

18

frac12

frac14

18

Dilution

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26In

hib

itio

n d

iam

ete

r (m

m)

Escherichia coli


MRSA


Salmonella sp


Serratia marcescens


Shigella sp


G frac12 frac14 18

Dilution

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

Inh

ibit

ion

dia

met

er (

mm

)

Escherichia coli


MRSA


Salmonella sp


Serratia marcescens


Shigella sp

ap-Ca-E-C Boutaleb



DISCUSSION







location






























et al 2008)











CONCLUSION

















Algeria

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT




Ferrant France

REFERENCES






97ndash105







195

















3530ndash3535









274ndash282










1039













7(1) 6ndash11
























1525ndash1531














153








































1199ndash1206




















68













468









5(29) 6502ndash6508
































3 176ndash182














179ndash184




Res 10 111









91ndash97


















































97 253ndash260



























9063ndash9070







2713








68

















Rekha R

1 Senthil Kumar S

2





ABSTRACT










Research Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION




















































Data Collection

























































shrub (12)

Fire wood plants






















Wall


implements













































by Malayali tribes






































































S

No


(Tamil)


1 Abrus pulchellus

Wall


plant parts



2 Acorus calamus

Linn





afflictions



Haw


5 Alangium

hexapetalum Lam


plant parts




Linn


twigs


brush




Benth


and windows

8 Albizzia amara

Boivin


shampoo

9 Albizzia lebbeck

Benth


stem


10 Andrographis

echioides Nees


plant part









the dandruff


Wall


shape of harrow


L


plant parts





blacken the hairs


Lam


stem


churn-staff

15 Asclepias

curassavica L




AJuss


twigs


brush

17 Bambusa

arundinaceae Willd


baskets and fans


19 Buchanania

angustifolia Roxb


stem



(L) Aitf




evils afflictions

21 Canthium

parviflorum Lam


plant parts




stem



ripening of fruits

23 Cassia monatana

Heyne



24 Chloroxylon

swietenia DC


stem



make handle of axe


OKze


stem







Benth


windows

28 Clerodendrum

serratum L






Don


and windows


Linn


baskets

31 Cynodon dactylon

(Linn) Pers



blacken the hairs


branches



33 Dalberiga

lanceolaria L


windows


Roxb


stem


pounder

35 Diospyros edenum

JKoeing


windows


Roxb


stem



plant parts




Linn


ae

Whole

plant parts




Linn


brush


Linn



41 Ficus glomerata

Roxb


brush



Roth


windows

44 Gmelina arborea

Roxb


stem




ACunn ex R Br


windows

46 Grewia tenax

(forssk) fiori


plant parts




Vahl


stem


pounder

48 Gyrocarpus

americanus Jacq


stem and

leaves



49 Hibiscus rosa-

sinensis Linn





50 Holarrhena

pubescens Buch-

Ham)WallexGDon


stem




51 Holopetela

integrifolia (Roxb)

Planch


stem










M Arg

Thirichichilai

maram

Euphorbiaceae Woody

stem



grinder

56 Melia composita

Willd


and windows


plant parts



58 Mirabilis jalaba

Linn


plant parts




powder

59 Moringa oleifera

Lamk


stem


60 Ocimum canum

Sims


plant parts




Oktz


branches




branches




Roxb


broom stick


Kurz


stem




66 Psidium guajava

Linn


twigs



fuel

67 Pterocarpus

marsupium Roxb



from evils

68 Randia dumetorum

Lam


plant parts




Lam



Roxb


stem



Harms



72 Semecarpus

anacardium L f



from evils



Roxb



used as a fuel



branches




Skeels


stem


77 Tectona grandis

Linn








Roxb


stem



Retz


fruit






Lamk

Mulaikaradan

mullu

Rutaceae Leaves and

root



81 Wedelia

calendulacea Less

Manjakarisalangan

i






RBr

Palai Apocynaceae

Mature

stem




83 Zanthoxylum

budrunga Wall



used as a fuel


Lamk



and windows

CONCLUSION


















ACKNOWLEDGEMENT













the Plant species

REFERENCES











(3) 515ndash518











216






























(1) 45ndash48







Sharma Rohit1





ABSTRACT












ABBREVIATIONS






KN = Kinetin


Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION







PROTOCOL







































al 2004)




































1986)































(Thakur et al 2009)

3 Bacopa monnieri















































) When these were


BAP (5 mgl-1









)




















2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495








1 14 15 13 11 20 10 11 10 9 11 20 9 8 8 8 12 10 12 10

2 0 12 12 9 15 11 10 10 8 9 11 10 8 8 7 14 13 10 10

3 14 10 9 9 11 15 10 9 7 12 12 8 8 10 12 14 15 8 11

4 10 12 13 12 12 9 10 19 7 10 0 0 0 10 9 9 7 0 11

5 16 9 8 10 13 7 12 10 10 10 7 7 7 10 12 11 10 8 10

6 10 11 8 14 15 9 13 15 10 15 13 10 11 10 8 9 14 13 12

7 12 8 8 10 10 9 8 9 12 10 15 11 10 8 7 7 12 10 13

8 15 11 9 12 40 15 10 10 15 15 8 7 0 15 12 10 10 8 10

9 25 10 9 12 12 13 13 20 15 12 20 12 15 10 13 11 11 11 10







Dilution

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Inhib

itio

n d

iam

ete

r (m

m)

E-Ca-ap-C

KherrataE-ap-Ca- C

Bibans

Escherichia coli


MRSA


Salmonella sp


Serratia marcescens


Shigella sp





Gentamicine

frac12

frac14

18

frac12

frac14

18

frac12

frac14

18

Dilution

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26In

hib

itio

n d

iam

ete

r (m

m)

Escherichia coli


MRSA


Salmonella sp


Serratia marcescens


Shigella sp


G frac12 frac14 18

Dilution

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

Inh

ibit

ion

dia

met

er (

mm

)

Escherichia coli


MRSA


Salmonella sp


Serratia marcescens


Shigella sp

ap-Ca-E-C Boutaleb



DISCUSSION







location






























et al 2008)











CONCLUSION

















Algeria

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT




Ferrant France

REFERENCES






97ndash105







195

















3530ndash3535









274ndash282










1039













7(1) 6ndash11
























1525ndash1531














153








































1199ndash1206




















68













468









5(29) 6502ndash6508
































3 176ndash182














179ndash184




Res 10 111









91ndash97


















































97 253ndash260



























9063ndash9070







2713








68

















Rekha R

1 Senthil Kumar S

2





ABSTRACT










Research Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION




















































Data Collection

























































shrub (12)

Fire wood plants






















Wall


implements













































by Malayali tribes






































































S

No


(Tamil)


1 Abrus pulchellus

Wall


plant parts



2 Acorus calamus

Linn





afflictions



Haw


5 Alangium

hexapetalum Lam


plant parts




Linn


twigs


brush




Benth


and windows

8 Albizzia amara

Boivin


shampoo

9 Albizzia lebbeck

Benth


stem


10 Andrographis

echioides Nees


plant part









the dandruff


Wall


shape of harrow


L


plant parts





blacken the hairs


Lam


stem


churn-staff

15 Asclepias

curassavica L




AJuss


twigs


brush

17 Bambusa

arundinaceae Willd


baskets and fans


19 Buchanania

angustifolia Roxb


stem



(L) Aitf




evils afflictions

21 Canthium

parviflorum Lam


plant parts




stem



ripening of fruits

23 Cassia monatana

Heyne



24 Chloroxylon

swietenia DC


stem



make handle of axe


OKze


stem







Benth


windows

28 Clerodendrum

serratum L






Don


and windows


Linn


baskets

31 Cynodon dactylon

(Linn) Pers



blacken the hairs


branches



33 Dalberiga

lanceolaria L


windows


Roxb


stem


pounder

35 Diospyros edenum

JKoeing


windows


Roxb


stem



plant parts




Linn


ae

Whole

plant parts




Linn


brush


Linn



41 Ficus glomerata

Roxb


brush



Roth


windows

44 Gmelina arborea

Roxb


stem




ACunn ex R Br


windows

46 Grewia tenax

(forssk) fiori


plant parts




Vahl


stem


pounder

48 Gyrocarpus

americanus Jacq


stem and

leaves



49 Hibiscus rosa-

sinensis Linn





50 Holarrhena

pubescens Buch-

Ham)WallexGDon


stem




51 Holopetela

integrifolia (Roxb)

Planch


stem










M Arg

Thirichichilai

maram

Euphorbiaceae Woody

stem



grinder

56 Melia composita

Willd


and windows


plant parts



58 Mirabilis jalaba

Linn


plant parts




powder

59 Moringa oleifera

Lamk


stem


60 Ocimum canum

Sims


plant parts




Oktz


branches




branches




Roxb


broom stick


Kurz


stem




66 Psidium guajava

Linn


twigs



fuel

67 Pterocarpus

marsupium Roxb



from evils

68 Randia dumetorum

Lam


plant parts




Lam



Roxb


stem



Harms



72 Semecarpus

anacardium L f



from evils



Roxb



used as a fuel



branches




Skeels


stem


77 Tectona grandis

Linn








Roxb


stem



Retz


fruit






Lamk

Mulaikaradan

mullu

Rutaceae Leaves and

root



81 Wedelia

calendulacea Less

Manjakarisalangan

i






RBr

Palai Apocynaceae

Mature

stem




83 Zanthoxylum

budrunga Wall



used as a fuel


Lamk



and windows

CONCLUSION


















ACKNOWLEDGEMENT













the Plant species

REFERENCES











(3) 515ndash518











216






























(1) 45ndash48







Sharma Rohit1





ABSTRACT












ABBREVIATIONS






KN = Kinetin


Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION







PROTOCOL







































al 2004)




































1986)































(Thakur et al 2009)

3 Bacopa monnieri















































) When these were


BAP (5 mgl-1









)




















2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495





Gentamicine

frac12

frac14

18

frac12

frac14

18

frac12

frac14

18

Dilution

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26In

hib

itio

n d

iam

ete

r (m

m)

Escherichia coli


MRSA


Salmonella sp


Serratia marcescens


Shigella sp


G frac12 frac14 18

Dilution

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

Inh

ibit

ion

dia

met

er (

mm

)

Escherichia coli


MRSA


Salmonella sp


Serratia marcescens


Shigella sp

ap-Ca-E-C Boutaleb



DISCUSSION







location






























et al 2008)











CONCLUSION

















Algeria

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT




Ferrant France

REFERENCES






97ndash105







195

















3530ndash3535









274ndash282










1039













7(1) 6ndash11
























1525ndash1531














153








































1199ndash1206




















68













468









5(29) 6502ndash6508
































3 176ndash182














179ndash184




Res 10 111









91ndash97


















































97 253ndash260



























9063ndash9070







2713








68

















Rekha R

1 Senthil Kumar S

2





ABSTRACT










Research Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION




















































Data Collection

























































shrub (12)

Fire wood plants






















Wall


implements













































by Malayali tribes






































































S

No


(Tamil)


1 Abrus pulchellus

Wall


plant parts



2 Acorus calamus

Linn





afflictions



Haw


5 Alangium

hexapetalum Lam


plant parts




Linn


twigs


brush




Benth


and windows

8 Albizzia amara

Boivin


shampoo

9 Albizzia lebbeck

Benth


stem


10 Andrographis

echioides Nees


plant part









the dandruff


Wall


shape of harrow


L


plant parts





blacken the hairs


Lam


stem


churn-staff

15 Asclepias

curassavica L




AJuss


twigs


brush

17 Bambusa

arundinaceae Willd


baskets and fans


19 Buchanania

angustifolia Roxb


stem



(L) Aitf




evils afflictions

21 Canthium

parviflorum Lam


plant parts




stem



ripening of fruits

23 Cassia monatana

Heyne



24 Chloroxylon

swietenia DC


stem



make handle of axe


OKze


stem







Benth


windows

28 Clerodendrum

serratum L






Don


and windows


Linn


baskets

31 Cynodon dactylon

(Linn) Pers



blacken the hairs


branches



33 Dalberiga

lanceolaria L


windows


Roxb


stem


pounder

35 Diospyros edenum

JKoeing


windows


Roxb


stem



plant parts




Linn


ae

Whole

plant parts




Linn


brush


Linn



41 Ficus glomerata

Roxb


brush



Roth


windows

44 Gmelina arborea

Roxb


stem




ACunn ex R Br


windows

46 Grewia tenax

(forssk) fiori


plant parts




Vahl


stem


pounder

48 Gyrocarpus

americanus Jacq


stem and

leaves



49 Hibiscus rosa-

sinensis Linn





50 Holarrhena

pubescens Buch-

Ham)WallexGDon


stem




51 Holopetela

integrifolia (Roxb)

Planch


stem










M Arg

Thirichichilai

maram

Euphorbiaceae Woody

stem



grinder

56 Melia composita

Willd


and windows


plant parts



58 Mirabilis jalaba

Linn


plant parts




powder

59 Moringa oleifera

Lamk


stem


60 Ocimum canum

Sims


plant parts




Oktz


branches




branches




Roxb


broom stick


Kurz


stem




66 Psidium guajava

Linn


twigs



fuel

67 Pterocarpus

marsupium Roxb



from evils

68 Randia dumetorum

Lam


plant parts




Lam



Roxb


stem



Harms



72 Semecarpus

anacardium L f



from evils



Roxb



used as a fuel



branches




Skeels


stem


77 Tectona grandis

Linn








Roxb


stem



Retz


fruit






Lamk

Mulaikaradan

mullu

Rutaceae Leaves and

root



81 Wedelia

calendulacea Less

Manjakarisalangan

i






RBr

Palai Apocynaceae

Mature

stem




83 Zanthoxylum

budrunga Wall



used as a fuel


Lamk



and windows

CONCLUSION


















ACKNOWLEDGEMENT













the Plant species

REFERENCES











(3) 515ndash518











216






























(1) 45ndash48







Sharma Rohit1





ABSTRACT












ABBREVIATIONS






KN = Kinetin


Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION







PROTOCOL







































al 2004)




































1986)































(Thakur et al 2009)

3 Bacopa monnieri















































) When these were


BAP (5 mgl-1









)




















2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495



DISCUSSION







location






























et al 2008)











CONCLUSION

















Algeria

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT




Ferrant France

REFERENCES






97ndash105







195

















3530ndash3535









274ndash282










1039













7(1) 6ndash11
























1525ndash1531














153








































1199ndash1206




















68













468









5(29) 6502ndash6508
































3 176ndash182














179ndash184




Res 10 111









91ndash97


















































97 253ndash260



























9063ndash9070







2713








68

















Rekha R

1 Senthil Kumar S

2





ABSTRACT










Research Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION




















































Data Collection

























































shrub (12)

Fire wood plants






















Wall


implements













































by Malayali tribes






































































S

No


(Tamil)


1 Abrus pulchellus

Wall


plant parts



2 Acorus calamus

Linn





afflictions



Haw


5 Alangium

hexapetalum Lam


plant parts




Linn


twigs


brush




Benth


and windows

8 Albizzia amara

Boivin


shampoo

9 Albizzia lebbeck

Benth


stem


10 Andrographis

echioides Nees


plant part









the dandruff


Wall


shape of harrow


L


plant parts





blacken the hairs


Lam


stem


churn-staff

15 Asclepias

curassavica L




AJuss


twigs


brush

17 Bambusa

arundinaceae Willd


baskets and fans


19 Buchanania

angustifolia Roxb


stem



(L) Aitf




evils afflictions

21 Canthium

parviflorum Lam


plant parts




stem



ripening of fruits

23 Cassia monatana

Heyne



24 Chloroxylon

swietenia DC


stem



make handle of axe


OKze


stem







Benth


windows

28 Clerodendrum

serratum L






Don


and windows


Linn


baskets

31 Cynodon dactylon

(Linn) Pers



blacken the hairs


branches



33 Dalberiga

lanceolaria L


windows


Roxb


stem


pounder

35 Diospyros edenum

JKoeing


windows


Roxb


stem



plant parts




Linn


ae

Whole

plant parts




Linn


brush


Linn



41 Ficus glomerata

Roxb


brush



Roth


windows

44 Gmelina arborea

Roxb


stem




ACunn ex R Br


windows

46 Grewia tenax

(forssk) fiori


plant parts




Vahl


stem


pounder

48 Gyrocarpus

americanus Jacq


stem and

leaves



49 Hibiscus rosa-

sinensis Linn





50 Holarrhena

pubescens Buch-

Ham)WallexGDon


stem




51 Holopetela

integrifolia (Roxb)

Planch


stem










M Arg

Thirichichilai

maram

Euphorbiaceae Woody

stem



grinder

56 Melia composita

Willd


and windows


plant parts



58 Mirabilis jalaba

Linn


plant parts




powder

59 Moringa oleifera

Lamk


stem


60 Ocimum canum

Sims


plant parts




Oktz


branches




branches




Roxb


broom stick


Kurz


stem




66 Psidium guajava

Linn


twigs



fuel

67 Pterocarpus

marsupium Roxb



from evils

68 Randia dumetorum

Lam


plant parts




Lam



Roxb


stem



Harms



72 Semecarpus

anacardium L f



from evils



Roxb



used as a fuel



branches




Skeels


stem


77 Tectona grandis

Linn








Roxb


stem



Retz


fruit






Lamk

Mulaikaradan

mullu

Rutaceae Leaves and

root



81 Wedelia

calendulacea Less

Manjakarisalangan

i






RBr

Palai Apocynaceae

Mature

stem




83 Zanthoxylum

budrunga Wall



used as a fuel


Lamk



and windows

CONCLUSION


















ACKNOWLEDGEMENT













the Plant species

REFERENCES











(3) 515ndash518











216






























(1) 45ndash48







Sharma Rohit1





ABSTRACT












ABBREVIATIONS






KN = Kinetin


Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION







PROTOCOL







































al 2004)




































1986)































(Thakur et al 2009)

3 Bacopa monnieri















































) When these were


BAP (5 mgl-1









)




















2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495

















3530ndash3535









274ndash282










1039













7(1) 6ndash11
























1525ndash1531














153








































1199ndash1206




















68













468









5(29) 6502ndash6508
































3 176ndash182














179ndash184




Res 10 111









91ndash97


















































97 253ndash260



























9063ndash9070







2713








68

















Rekha R

1 Senthil Kumar S

2





ABSTRACT










Research Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION




















































Data Collection

























































shrub (12)

Fire wood plants






















Wall


implements













































by Malayali tribes






































































S

No


(Tamil)


1 Abrus pulchellus

Wall


plant parts



2 Acorus calamus

Linn





afflictions



Haw


5 Alangium

hexapetalum Lam


plant parts




Linn


twigs


brush




Benth


and windows

8 Albizzia amara

Boivin


shampoo

9 Albizzia lebbeck

Benth


stem


10 Andrographis

echioides Nees


plant part









the dandruff


Wall


shape of harrow


L


plant parts





blacken the hairs


Lam


stem


churn-staff

15 Asclepias

curassavica L




AJuss


twigs


brush

17 Bambusa

arundinaceae Willd


baskets and fans


19 Buchanania

angustifolia Roxb


stem



(L) Aitf




evils afflictions

21 Canthium

parviflorum Lam


plant parts




stem



ripening of fruits

23 Cassia monatana

Heyne



24 Chloroxylon

swietenia DC


stem



make handle of axe


OKze


stem







Benth


windows

28 Clerodendrum

serratum L






Don


and windows


Linn


baskets

31 Cynodon dactylon

(Linn) Pers



blacken the hairs


branches



33 Dalberiga

lanceolaria L


windows


Roxb


stem


pounder

35 Diospyros edenum

JKoeing


windows


Roxb


stem



plant parts




Linn


ae

Whole

plant parts




Linn


brush


Linn



41 Ficus glomerata

Roxb


brush



Roth


windows

44 Gmelina arborea

Roxb


stem




ACunn ex R Br


windows

46 Grewia tenax

(forssk) fiori


plant parts




Vahl


stem


pounder

48 Gyrocarpus

americanus Jacq


stem and

leaves



49 Hibiscus rosa-

sinensis Linn





50 Holarrhena

pubescens Buch-

Ham)WallexGDon


stem




51 Holopetela

integrifolia (Roxb)

Planch


stem










M Arg

Thirichichilai

maram

Euphorbiaceae Woody

stem



grinder

56 Melia composita

Willd


and windows


plant parts



58 Mirabilis jalaba

Linn


plant parts




powder

59 Moringa oleifera

Lamk


stem


60 Ocimum canum

Sims


plant parts




Oktz


branches




branches




Roxb


broom stick


Kurz


stem




66 Psidium guajava

Linn


twigs



fuel

67 Pterocarpus

marsupium Roxb



from evils

68 Randia dumetorum

Lam


plant parts




Lam



Roxb


stem



Harms



72 Semecarpus

anacardium L f



from evils



Roxb



used as a fuel



branches




Skeels


stem


77 Tectona grandis

Linn








Roxb


stem



Retz


fruit






Lamk

Mulaikaradan

mullu

Rutaceae Leaves and

root



81 Wedelia

calendulacea Less

Manjakarisalangan

i






RBr

Palai Apocynaceae

Mature

stem




83 Zanthoxylum

budrunga Wall



used as a fuel


Lamk



and windows

CONCLUSION


















ACKNOWLEDGEMENT













the Plant species

REFERENCES











(3) 515ndash518











216






























(1) 45ndash48







Sharma Rohit1





ABSTRACT












ABBREVIATIONS






KN = Kinetin


Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION







PROTOCOL







































al 2004)




































1986)































(Thakur et al 2009)

3 Bacopa monnieri















































) When these were


BAP (5 mgl-1









)




















2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495








































1199ndash1206




















68













468









5(29) 6502ndash6508
































3 176ndash182














179ndash184




Res 10 111









91ndash97


















































97 253ndash260



























9063ndash9070







2713








68

















Rekha R

1 Senthil Kumar S

2





ABSTRACT










Research Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION




















































Data Collection

























































shrub (12)

Fire wood plants






















Wall


implements













































by Malayali tribes






































































S

No


(Tamil)


1 Abrus pulchellus

Wall


plant parts



2 Acorus calamus

Linn





afflictions



Haw


5 Alangium

hexapetalum Lam


plant parts




Linn


twigs


brush




Benth


and windows

8 Albizzia amara

Boivin


shampoo

9 Albizzia lebbeck

Benth


stem


10 Andrographis

echioides Nees


plant part









the dandruff


Wall


shape of harrow


L


plant parts





blacken the hairs


Lam


stem


churn-staff

15 Asclepias

curassavica L




AJuss


twigs


brush

17 Bambusa

arundinaceae Willd


baskets and fans


19 Buchanania

angustifolia Roxb


stem



(L) Aitf




evils afflictions

21 Canthium

parviflorum Lam


plant parts




stem



ripening of fruits

23 Cassia monatana

Heyne



24 Chloroxylon

swietenia DC


stem



make handle of axe


OKze


stem







Benth


windows

28 Clerodendrum

serratum L






Don


and windows


Linn


baskets

31 Cynodon dactylon

(Linn) Pers



blacken the hairs


branches



33 Dalberiga

lanceolaria L


windows


Roxb


stem


pounder

35 Diospyros edenum

JKoeing


windows


Roxb


stem



plant parts




Linn


ae

Whole

plant parts




Linn


brush


Linn



41 Ficus glomerata

Roxb


brush



Roth


windows

44 Gmelina arborea

Roxb


stem




ACunn ex R Br


windows

46 Grewia tenax

(forssk) fiori


plant parts




Vahl


stem


pounder

48 Gyrocarpus

americanus Jacq


stem and

leaves



49 Hibiscus rosa-

sinensis Linn





50 Holarrhena

pubescens Buch-

Ham)WallexGDon


stem




51 Holopetela

integrifolia (Roxb)

Planch


stem










M Arg

Thirichichilai

maram

Euphorbiaceae Woody

stem



grinder

56 Melia composita

Willd


and windows


plant parts



58 Mirabilis jalaba

Linn


plant parts




powder

59 Moringa oleifera

Lamk


stem


60 Ocimum canum

Sims


plant parts




Oktz


branches




branches




Roxb


broom stick


Kurz


stem




66 Psidium guajava

Linn


twigs



fuel

67 Pterocarpus

marsupium Roxb



from evils

68 Randia dumetorum

Lam


plant parts




Lam



Roxb


stem



Harms



72 Semecarpus

anacardium L f



from evils



Roxb



used as a fuel



branches




Skeels


stem


77 Tectona grandis

Linn








Roxb


stem



Retz


fruit






Lamk

Mulaikaradan

mullu

Rutaceae Leaves and

root



81 Wedelia

calendulacea Less

Manjakarisalangan

i






RBr

Palai Apocynaceae

Mature

stem




83 Zanthoxylum

budrunga Wall



used as a fuel


Lamk



and windows

CONCLUSION


















ACKNOWLEDGEMENT













the Plant species

REFERENCES











(3) 515ndash518











216






























(1) 45ndash48







Sharma Rohit1





ABSTRACT












ABBREVIATIONS






KN = Kinetin


Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION







PROTOCOL







































al 2004)




































1986)































(Thakur et al 2009)

3 Bacopa monnieri















































) When these were


BAP (5 mgl-1









)




















2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495


























3 176ndash182














179ndash184




Res 10 111









91ndash97


















































97 253ndash260



























9063ndash9070







2713








68

















Rekha R

1 Senthil Kumar S

2





ABSTRACT










Research Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION




















































Data Collection

























































shrub (12)

Fire wood plants






















Wall


implements













































by Malayali tribes






































































S

No


(Tamil)


1 Abrus pulchellus

Wall


plant parts



2 Acorus calamus

Linn





afflictions



Haw


5 Alangium

hexapetalum Lam


plant parts




Linn


twigs


brush




Benth


and windows

8 Albizzia amara

Boivin


shampoo

9 Albizzia lebbeck

Benth


stem


10 Andrographis

echioides Nees


plant part









the dandruff


Wall


shape of harrow


L


plant parts





blacken the hairs


Lam


stem


churn-staff

15 Asclepias

curassavica L




AJuss


twigs


brush

17 Bambusa

arundinaceae Willd


baskets and fans


19 Buchanania

angustifolia Roxb


stem



(L) Aitf




evils afflictions

21 Canthium

parviflorum Lam


plant parts




stem



ripening of fruits

23 Cassia monatana

Heyne



24 Chloroxylon

swietenia DC


stem



make handle of axe


OKze


stem







Benth


windows

28 Clerodendrum

serratum L






Don


and windows


Linn


baskets

31 Cynodon dactylon

(Linn) Pers



blacken the hairs


branches



33 Dalberiga

lanceolaria L


windows


Roxb


stem


pounder

35 Diospyros edenum

JKoeing


windows


Roxb


stem



plant parts




Linn


ae

Whole

plant parts




Linn


brush


Linn



41 Ficus glomerata

Roxb


brush



Roth


windows

44 Gmelina arborea

Roxb


stem




ACunn ex R Br


windows

46 Grewia tenax

(forssk) fiori


plant parts




Vahl


stem


pounder

48 Gyrocarpus

americanus Jacq


stem and

leaves



49 Hibiscus rosa-

sinensis Linn





50 Holarrhena

pubescens Buch-

Ham)WallexGDon


stem




51 Holopetela

integrifolia (Roxb)

Planch


stem










M Arg

Thirichichilai

maram

Euphorbiaceae Woody

stem



grinder

56 Melia composita

Willd


and windows


plant parts



58 Mirabilis jalaba

Linn


plant parts




powder

59 Moringa oleifera

Lamk


stem


60 Ocimum canum

Sims


plant parts




Oktz


branches




branches




Roxb


broom stick


Kurz


stem




66 Psidium guajava

Linn


twigs



fuel

67 Pterocarpus

marsupium Roxb



from evils

68 Randia dumetorum

Lam


plant parts




Lam



Roxb


stem



Harms



72 Semecarpus

anacardium L f



from evils



Roxb



used as a fuel



branches




Skeels


stem


77 Tectona grandis

Linn








Roxb


stem



Retz


fruit






Lamk

Mulaikaradan

mullu

Rutaceae Leaves and

root



81 Wedelia

calendulacea Less

Manjakarisalangan

i






RBr

Palai Apocynaceae

Mature

stem




83 Zanthoxylum

budrunga Wall



used as a fuel


Lamk



and windows

CONCLUSION


















ACKNOWLEDGEMENT













the Plant species

REFERENCES











(3) 515ndash518











216






























(1) 45ndash48







Sharma Rohit1





ABSTRACT












ABBREVIATIONS






KN = Kinetin


Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION







PROTOCOL







































al 2004)




































1986)































(Thakur et al 2009)

3 Bacopa monnieri















































) When these were


BAP (5 mgl-1









)




















2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495

















97 253ndash260



























9063ndash9070







2713








68

















Rekha R

1 Senthil Kumar S

2





ABSTRACT










Research Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION




















































Data Collection

























































shrub (12)

Fire wood plants






















Wall


implements













































by Malayali tribes






































































S

No


(Tamil)


1 Abrus pulchellus

Wall


plant parts



2 Acorus calamus

Linn





afflictions



Haw


5 Alangium

hexapetalum Lam


plant parts




Linn


twigs


brush




Benth


and windows

8 Albizzia amara

Boivin


shampoo

9 Albizzia lebbeck

Benth


stem


10 Andrographis

echioides Nees


plant part









the dandruff


Wall


shape of harrow


L


plant parts





blacken the hairs


Lam


stem


churn-staff

15 Asclepias

curassavica L




AJuss


twigs


brush

17 Bambusa

arundinaceae Willd


baskets and fans


19 Buchanania

angustifolia Roxb


stem



(L) Aitf




evils afflictions

21 Canthium

parviflorum Lam


plant parts




stem



ripening of fruits

23 Cassia monatana

Heyne



24 Chloroxylon

swietenia DC


stem



make handle of axe


OKze


stem







Benth


windows

28 Clerodendrum

serratum L






Don


and windows


Linn


baskets

31 Cynodon dactylon

(Linn) Pers



blacken the hairs


branches



33 Dalberiga

lanceolaria L


windows


Roxb


stem


pounder

35 Diospyros edenum

JKoeing


windows


Roxb


stem



plant parts




Linn


ae

Whole

plant parts




Linn


brush


Linn



41 Ficus glomerata

Roxb


brush



Roth


windows

44 Gmelina arborea

Roxb


stem




ACunn ex R Br


windows

46 Grewia tenax

(forssk) fiori


plant parts




Vahl


stem


pounder

48 Gyrocarpus

americanus Jacq


stem and

leaves



49 Hibiscus rosa-

sinensis Linn





50 Holarrhena

pubescens Buch-

Ham)WallexGDon


stem




51 Holopetela

integrifolia (Roxb)

Planch


stem










M Arg

Thirichichilai

maram

Euphorbiaceae Woody

stem



grinder

56 Melia composita

Willd


and windows


plant parts



58 Mirabilis jalaba

Linn


plant parts




powder

59 Moringa oleifera

Lamk


stem


60 Ocimum canum

Sims


plant parts




Oktz


branches




branches




Roxb


broom stick


Kurz


stem




66 Psidium guajava

Linn


twigs



fuel

67 Pterocarpus

marsupium Roxb



from evils

68 Randia dumetorum

Lam


plant parts




Lam



Roxb


stem



Harms



72 Semecarpus

anacardium L f



from evils



Roxb



used as a fuel



branches




Skeels


stem


77 Tectona grandis

Linn








Roxb


stem



Retz


fruit






Lamk

Mulaikaradan

mullu

Rutaceae Leaves and

root



81 Wedelia

calendulacea Less

Manjakarisalangan

i






RBr

Palai Apocynaceae

Mature

stem




83 Zanthoxylum

budrunga Wall



used as a fuel


Lamk



and windows

CONCLUSION


















ACKNOWLEDGEMENT













the Plant species

REFERENCES











(3) 515ndash518











216






























(1) 45ndash48







Sharma Rohit1





ABSTRACT












ABBREVIATIONS






KN = Kinetin


Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION







PROTOCOL







































al 2004)




































1986)































(Thakur et al 2009)

3 Bacopa monnieri















































) When these were


BAP (5 mgl-1









)




















2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495







Rekha R

1 Senthil Kumar S

2





ABSTRACT










Research Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION




















































Data Collection

























































shrub (12)

Fire wood plants






















Wall


implements













































by Malayali tribes






































































S

No


(Tamil)


1 Abrus pulchellus

Wall


plant parts



2 Acorus calamus

Linn





afflictions



Haw


5 Alangium

hexapetalum Lam


plant parts




Linn


twigs


brush




Benth


and windows

8 Albizzia amara

Boivin


shampoo

9 Albizzia lebbeck

Benth


stem


10 Andrographis

echioides Nees


plant part









the dandruff


Wall


shape of harrow


L


plant parts





blacken the hairs


Lam


stem


churn-staff

15 Asclepias

curassavica L




AJuss


twigs


brush

17 Bambusa

arundinaceae Willd


baskets and fans


19 Buchanania

angustifolia Roxb


stem



(L) Aitf




evils afflictions

21 Canthium

parviflorum Lam


plant parts




stem



ripening of fruits

23 Cassia monatana

Heyne



24 Chloroxylon

swietenia DC


stem



make handle of axe


OKze


stem







Benth


windows

28 Clerodendrum

serratum L






Don


and windows


Linn


baskets

31 Cynodon dactylon

(Linn) Pers



blacken the hairs


branches



33 Dalberiga

lanceolaria L


windows


Roxb


stem


pounder

35 Diospyros edenum

JKoeing


windows


Roxb


stem



plant parts




Linn


ae

Whole

plant parts




Linn


brush


Linn



41 Ficus glomerata

Roxb


brush



Roth


windows

44 Gmelina arborea

Roxb


stem




ACunn ex R Br


windows

46 Grewia tenax

(forssk) fiori


plant parts




Vahl


stem


pounder

48 Gyrocarpus

americanus Jacq


stem and

leaves



49 Hibiscus rosa-

sinensis Linn





50 Holarrhena

pubescens Buch-

Ham)WallexGDon


stem




51 Holopetela

integrifolia (Roxb)

Planch


stem










M Arg

Thirichichilai

maram

Euphorbiaceae Woody

stem



grinder

56 Melia composita

Willd


and windows


plant parts



58 Mirabilis jalaba

Linn


plant parts




powder

59 Moringa oleifera

Lamk


stem


60 Ocimum canum

Sims


plant parts




Oktz


branches




branches




Roxb


broom stick


Kurz


stem




66 Psidium guajava

Linn


twigs



fuel

67 Pterocarpus

marsupium Roxb



from evils

68 Randia dumetorum

Lam


plant parts




Lam



Roxb


stem



Harms



72 Semecarpus

anacardium L f



from evils



Roxb



used as a fuel



branches




Skeels


stem


77 Tectona grandis

Linn








Roxb


stem



Retz


fruit






Lamk

Mulaikaradan

mullu

Rutaceae Leaves and

root



81 Wedelia

calendulacea Less

Manjakarisalangan

i






RBr

Palai Apocynaceae

Mature

stem




83 Zanthoxylum

budrunga Wall



used as a fuel


Lamk



and windows

CONCLUSION


















ACKNOWLEDGEMENT













the Plant species

REFERENCES











(3) 515ndash518











216






























(1) 45ndash48







Sharma Rohit1





ABSTRACT












ABBREVIATIONS






KN = Kinetin


Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION







PROTOCOL







































al 2004)




































1986)































(Thakur et al 2009)

3 Bacopa monnieri















































) When these were


BAP (5 mgl-1









)




















2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495



INTRODUCTION




















































Data Collection

























































shrub (12)

Fire wood plants






















Wall


implements













































by Malayali tribes






































































S

No


(Tamil)


1 Abrus pulchellus

Wall


plant parts



2 Acorus calamus

Linn





afflictions



Haw


5 Alangium

hexapetalum Lam


plant parts




Linn


twigs


brush




Benth


and windows

8 Albizzia amara

Boivin


shampoo

9 Albizzia lebbeck

Benth


stem


10 Andrographis

echioides Nees


plant part









the dandruff


Wall


shape of harrow


L


plant parts





blacken the hairs


Lam


stem


churn-staff

15 Asclepias

curassavica L




AJuss


twigs


brush

17 Bambusa

arundinaceae Willd


baskets and fans


19 Buchanania

angustifolia Roxb


stem



(L) Aitf




evils afflictions

21 Canthium

parviflorum Lam


plant parts




stem



ripening of fruits

23 Cassia monatana

Heyne



24 Chloroxylon

swietenia DC


stem



make handle of axe


OKze


stem







Benth


windows

28 Clerodendrum

serratum L






Don


and windows


Linn


baskets

31 Cynodon dactylon

(Linn) Pers



blacken the hairs


branches



33 Dalberiga

lanceolaria L


windows


Roxb


stem


pounder

35 Diospyros edenum

JKoeing


windows


Roxb


stem



plant parts




Linn


ae

Whole

plant parts




Linn


brush


Linn



41 Ficus glomerata

Roxb


brush



Roth


windows

44 Gmelina arborea

Roxb


stem




ACunn ex R Br


windows

46 Grewia tenax

(forssk) fiori


plant parts




Vahl


stem


pounder

48 Gyrocarpus

americanus Jacq


stem and

leaves



49 Hibiscus rosa-

sinensis Linn





50 Holarrhena

pubescens Buch-

Ham)WallexGDon


stem




51 Holopetela

integrifolia (Roxb)

Planch


stem










M Arg

Thirichichilai

maram

Euphorbiaceae Woody

stem



grinder

56 Melia composita

Willd


and windows


plant parts



58 Mirabilis jalaba

Linn


plant parts




powder

59 Moringa oleifera

Lamk


stem


60 Ocimum canum

Sims


plant parts




Oktz


branches




branches




Roxb


broom stick


Kurz


stem




66 Psidium guajava

Linn


twigs



fuel

67 Pterocarpus

marsupium Roxb



from evils

68 Randia dumetorum

Lam


plant parts




Lam



Roxb


stem



Harms



72 Semecarpus

anacardium L f



from evils



Roxb



used as a fuel



branches




Skeels


stem


77 Tectona grandis

Linn








Roxb


stem



Retz


fruit






Lamk

Mulaikaradan

mullu

Rutaceae Leaves and

root



81 Wedelia

calendulacea Less

Manjakarisalangan

i






RBr

Palai Apocynaceae

Mature

stem




83 Zanthoxylum

budrunga Wall



used as a fuel


Lamk



and windows

CONCLUSION


















ACKNOWLEDGEMENT













the Plant species

REFERENCES











(3) 515ndash518











216






























(1) 45ndash48







Sharma Rohit1





ABSTRACT












ABBREVIATIONS






KN = Kinetin


Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION







PROTOCOL







































al 2004)




































1986)































(Thakur et al 2009)

3 Bacopa monnieri















































) When these were


BAP (5 mgl-1









)




















2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495















shrub (12)

Fire wood plants






















Wall


implements













































by Malayali tribes






































































S

No


(Tamil)


1 Abrus pulchellus

Wall


plant parts



2 Acorus calamus

Linn





afflictions



Haw


5 Alangium

hexapetalum Lam


plant parts




Linn


twigs


brush




Benth


and windows

8 Albizzia amara

Boivin


shampoo

9 Albizzia lebbeck

Benth


stem


10 Andrographis

echioides Nees


plant part









the dandruff


Wall


shape of harrow


L


plant parts





blacken the hairs


Lam


stem


churn-staff

15 Asclepias

curassavica L




AJuss


twigs


brush

17 Bambusa

arundinaceae Willd


baskets and fans


19 Buchanania

angustifolia Roxb


stem



(L) Aitf




evils afflictions

21 Canthium

parviflorum Lam


plant parts




stem



ripening of fruits

23 Cassia monatana

Heyne



24 Chloroxylon

swietenia DC


stem



make handle of axe


OKze


stem







Benth


windows

28 Clerodendrum

serratum L






Don


and windows


Linn


baskets

31 Cynodon dactylon

(Linn) Pers



blacken the hairs


branches



33 Dalberiga

lanceolaria L


windows


Roxb


stem


pounder

35 Diospyros edenum

JKoeing


windows


Roxb


stem



plant parts




Linn


ae

Whole

plant parts




Linn


brush


Linn



41 Ficus glomerata

Roxb


brush



Roth


windows

44 Gmelina arborea

Roxb


stem




ACunn ex R Br


windows

46 Grewia tenax

(forssk) fiori


plant parts




Vahl


stem


pounder

48 Gyrocarpus

americanus Jacq


stem and

leaves



49 Hibiscus rosa-

sinensis Linn





50 Holarrhena

pubescens Buch-

Ham)WallexGDon


stem




51 Holopetela

integrifolia (Roxb)

Planch


stem










M Arg

Thirichichilai

maram

Euphorbiaceae Woody

stem



grinder

56 Melia composita

Willd


and windows


plant parts



58 Mirabilis jalaba

Linn


plant parts




powder

59 Moringa oleifera

Lamk


stem


60 Ocimum canum

Sims


plant parts




Oktz


branches




branches




Roxb


broom stick


Kurz


stem




66 Psidium guajava

Linn


twigs



fuel

67 Pterocarpus

marsupium Roxb



from evils

68 Randia dumetorum

Lam


plant parts




Lam



Roxb


stem



Harms



72 Semecarpus

anacardium L f



from evils



Roxb



used as a fuel



branches




Skeels


stem


77 Tectona grandis

Linn








Roxb


stem



Retz


fruit






Lamk

Mulaikaradan

mullu

Rutaceae Leaves and

root



81 Wedelia

calendulacea Less

Manjakarisalangan

i






RBr

Palai Apocynaceae

Mature

stem




83 Zanthoxylum

budrunga Wall



used as a fuel


Lamk



and windows

CONCLUSION


















ACKNOWLEDGEMENT













the Plant species

REFERENCES











(3) 515ndash518











216






























(1) 45ndash48







Sharma Rohit1





ABSTRACT












ABBREVIATIONS






KN = Kinetin


Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION







PROTOCOL







































al 2004)




































1986)































(Thakur et al 2009)

3 Bacopa monnieri















































) When these were


BAP (5 mgl-1









)




















2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495




























































S

No


(Tamil)


1 Abrus pulchellus

Wall


plant parts



2 Acorus calamus

Linn





afflictions



Haw


5 Alangium

hexapetalum Lam


plant parts




Linn


twigs


brush




Benth


and windows

8 Albizzia amara

Boivin


shampoo

9 Albizzia lebbeck

Benth


stem


10 Andrographis

echioides Nees


plant part









the dandruff


Wall


shape of harrow


L


plant parts





blacken the hairs


Lam


stem


churn-staff

15 Asclepias

curassavica L




AJuss


twigs


brush

17 Bambusa

arundinaceae Willd


baskets and fans


19 Buchanania

angustifolia Roxb


stem



(L) Aitf




evils afflictions

21 Canthium

parviflorum Lam


plant parts




stem



ripening of fruits

23 Cassia monatana

Heyne



24 Chloroxylon

swietenia DC


stem



make handle of axe


OKze


stem







Benth


windows

28 Clerodendrum

serratum L






Don


and windows


Linn


baskets

31 Cynodon dactylon

(Linn) Pers



blacken the hairs


branches



33 Dalberiga

lanceolaria L


windows


Roxb


stem


pounder

35 Diospyros edenum

JKoeing


windows


Roxb


stem



plant parts




Linn


ae

Whole

plant parts




Linn


brush


Linn



41 Ficus glomerata

Roxb


brush



Roth


windows

44 Gmelina arborea

Roxb


stem




ACunn ex R Br


windows

46 Grewia tenax

(forssk) fiori


plant parts




Vahl


stem


pounder

48 Gyrocarpus

americanus Jacq


stem and

leaves



49 Hibiscus rosa-

sinensis Linn





50 Holarrhena

pubescens Buch-

Ham)WallexGDon


stem




51 Holopetela

integrifolia (Roxb)

Planch


stem










M Arg

Thirichichilai

maram

Euphorbiaceae Woody

stem



grinder

56 Melia composita

Willd


and windows


plant parts



58 Mirabilis jalaba

Linn


plant parts




powder

59 Moringa oleifera

Lamk


stem


60 Ocimum canum

Sims


plant parts




Oktz


branches




branches




Roxb


broom stick


Kurz


stem




66 Psidium guajava

Linn


twigs



fuel

67 Pterocarpus

marsupium Roxb



from evils

68 Randia dumetorum

Lam


plant parts




Lam



Roxb


stem



Harms



72 Semecarpus

anacardium L f



from evils



Roxb



used as a fuel



branches




Skeels


stem


77 Tectona grandis

Linn








Roxb


stem



Retz


fruit






Lamk

Mulaikaradan

mullu

Rutaceae Leaves and

root



81 Wedelia

calendulacea Less

Manjakarisalangan

i






RBr

Palai Apocynaceae

Mature

stem




83 Zanthoxylum

budrunga Wall



used as a fuel


Lamk



and windows

CONCLUSION


















ACKNOWLEDGEMENT













the Plant species

REFERENCES











(3) 515ndash518











216






























(1) 45ndash48







Sharma Rohit1





ABSTRACT












ABBREVIATIONS






KN = Kinetin


Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION







PROTOCOL







































al 2004)




































1986)































(Thakur et al 2009)

3 Bacopa monnieri















































) When these were


BAP (5 mgl-1









)




















2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495




Benth


and windows

8 Albizzia amara

Boivin


shampoo

9 Albizzia lebbeck

Benth


stem


10 Andrographis

echioides Nees


plant part









the dandruff


Wall


shape of harrow


L


plant parts





blacken the hairs


Lam


stem


churn-staff

15 Asclepias

curassavica L




AJuss


twigs


brush

17 Bambusa

arundinaceae Willd


baskets and fans


19 Buchanania

angustifolia Roxb


stem



(L) Aitf




evils afflictions

21 Canthium

parviflorum Lam


plant parts




stem



ripening of fruits

23 Cassia monatana

Heyne



24 Chloroxylon

swietenia DC


stem



make handle of axe


OKze


stem







Benth


windows

28 Clerodendrum

serratum L






Don


and windows


Linn


baskets

31 Cynodon dactylon

(Linn) Pers



blacken the hairs


branches



33 Dalberiga

lanceolaria L


windows


Roxb


stem


pounder

35 Diospyros edenum

JKoeing


windows


Roxb


stem



plant parts




Linn


ae

Whole

plant parts




Linn


brush


Linn



41 Ficus glomerata

Roxb


brush



Roth


windows

44 Gmelina arborea

Roxb


stem




ACunn ex R Br


windows

46 Grewia tenax

(forssk) fiori


plant parts




Vahl


stem


pounder

48 Gyrocarpus

americanus Jacq


stem and

leaves



49 Hibiscus rosa-

sinensis Linn





50 Holarrhena

pubescens Buch-

Ham)WallexGDon


stem




51 Holopetela

integrifolia (Roxb)

Planch


stem










M Arg

Thirichichilai

maram

Euphorbiaceae Woody

stem



grinder

56 Melia composita

Willd


and windows


plant parts



58 Mirabilis jalaba

Linn


plant parts




powder

59 Moringa oleifera

Lamk


stem


60 Ocimum canum

Sims


plant parts




Oktz


branches




branches




Roxb


broom stick


Kurz


stem




66 Psidium guajava

Linn


twigs



fuel

67 Pterocarpus

marsupium Roxb



from evils

68 Randia dumetorum

Lam


plant parts




Lam



Roxb


stem



Harms



72 Semecarpus

anacardium L f



from evils



Roxb



used as a fuel



branches




Skeels


stem


77 Tectona grandis

Linn








Roxb


stem



Retz


fruit






Lamk

Mulaikaradan

mullu

Rutaceae Leaves and

root



81 Wedelia

calendulacea Less

Manjakarisalangan

i






RBr

Palai Apocynaceae

Mature

stem




83 Zanthoxylum

budrunga Wall



used as a fuel


Lamk



and windows

CONCLUSION


















ACKNOWLEDGEMENT













the Plant species

REFERENCES











(3) 515ndash518











216






























(1) 45ndash48







Sharma Rohit1





ABSTRACT












ABBREVIATIONS






KN = Kinetin


Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION







PROTOCOL







































al 2004)




































1986)































(Thakur et al 2009)

3 Bacopa monnieri















































) When these were


BAP (5 mgl-1









)




















2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495




Don


and windows


Linn


baskets

31 Cynodon dactylon

(Linn) Pers



blacken the hairs


branches



33 Dalberiga

lanceolaria L


windows


Roxb


stem


pounder

35 Diospyros edenum

JKoeing


windows


Roxb


stem



plant parts




Linn


ae

Whole

plant parts




Linn


brush


Linn



41 Ficus glomerata

Roxb


brush



Roth


windows

44 Gmelina arborea

Roxb


stem




ACunn ex R Br


windows

46 Grewia tenax

(forssk) fiori


plant parts




Vahl


stem


pounder

48 Gyrocarpus

americanus Jacq


stem and

leaves



49 Hibiscus rosa-

sinensis Linn





50 Holarrhena

pubescens Buch-

Ham)WallexGDon


stem




51 Holopetela

integrifolia (Roxb)

Planch


stem










M Arg

Thirichichilai

maram

Euphorbiaceae Woody

stem



grinder

56 Melia composita

Willd


and windows


plant parts



58 Mirabilis jalaba

Linn


plant parts




powder

59 Moringa oleifera

Lamk


stem


60 Ocimum canum

Sims


plant parts




Oktz


branches




branches




Roxb


broom stick


Kurz


stem




66 Psidium guajava

Linn


twigs



fuel

67 Pterocarpus

marsupium Roxb



from evils

68 Randia dumetorum

Lam


plant parts




Lam



Roxb


stem



Harms



72 Semecarpus

anacardium L f



from evils



Roxb



used as a fuel



branches




Skeels


stem


77 Tectona grandis

Linn








Roxb


stem



Retz


fruit






Lamk

Mulaikaradan

mullu

Rutaceae Leaves and

root



81 Wedelia

calendulacea Less

Manjakarisalangan

i






RBr

Palai Apocynaceae

Mature

stem




83 Zanthoxylum

budrunga Wall



used as a fuel


Lamk



and windows

CONCLUSION


















ACKNOWLEDGEMENT













the Plant species

REFERENCES











(3) 515ndash518











216






























(1) 45ndash48







Sharma Rohit1





ABSTRACT












ABBREVIATIONS






KN = Kinetin


Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION







PROTOCOL







































al 2004)




































1986)































(Thakur et al 2009)

3 Bacopa monnieri















































) When these were


BAP (5 mgl-1









)




















2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495




M Arg

Thirichichilai

maram

Euphorbiaceae Woody

stem



grinder

56 Melia composita

Willd


and windows


plant parts



58 Mirabilis jalaba

Linn


plant parts




powder

59 Moringa oleifera

Lamk


stem


60 Ocimum canum

Sims


plant parts




Oktz


branches




branches




Roxb


broom stick


Kurz


stem




66 Psidium guajava

Linn


twigs



fuel

67 Pterocarpus

marsupium Roxb



from evils

68 Randia dumetorum

Lam


plant parts




Lam



Roxb


stem



Harms



72 Semecarpus

anacardium L f



from evils



Roxb



used as a fuel



branches




Skeels


stem


77 Tectona grandis

Linn








Roxb


stem



Retz


fruit






Lamk

Mulaikaradan

mullu

Rutaceae Leaves and

root



81 Wedelia

calendulacea Less

Manjakarisalangan

i






RBr

Palai Apocynaceae

Mature

stem




83 Zanthoxylum

budrunga Wall



used as a fuel


Lamk



and windows

CONCLUSION


















ACKNOWLEDGEMENT













the Plant species

REFERENCES











(3) 515ndash518











216






























(1) 45ndash48







Sharma Rohit1





ABSTRACT












ABBREVIATIONS






KN = Kinetin


Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION







PROTOCOL







































al 2004)




































1986)































(Thakur et al 2009)

3 Bacopa monnieri















































) When these were


BAP (5 mgl-1









)




















2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495




Roxb


stem



Retz


fruit






Lamk

Mulaikaradan

mullu

Rutaceae Leaves and

root



81 Wedelia

calendulacea Less

Manjakarisalangan

i






RBr

Palai Apocynaceae

Mature

stem




83 Zanthoxylum

budrunga Wall



used as a fuel


Lamk



and windows

CONCLUSION


















ACKNOWLEDGEMENT













the Plant species

REFERENCES











(3) 515ndash518











216






























(1) 45ndash48







Sharma Rohit1





ABSTRACT












ABBREVIATIONS






KN = Kinetin


Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION







PROTOCOL







































al 2004)




































1986)































(Thakur et al 2009)

3 Bacopa monnieri















































) When these were


BAP (5 mgl-1









)




















2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495











216






























(1) 45ndash48







Sharma Rohit1





ABSTRACT












ABBREVIATIONS






KN = Kinetin


Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION







PROTOCOL







































al 2004)




































1986)































(Thakur et al 2009)

3 Bacopa monnieri















































) When these were


BAP (5 mgl-1









)




















2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495






Sharma Rohit1





ABSTRACT












ABBREVIATIONS






KN = Kinetin


Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION







PROTOCOL







































al 2004)




































1986)































(Thakur et al 2009)

3 Bacopa monnieri















































) When these were


BAP (5 mgl-1









)




















2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495



INTRODUCTION







PROTOCOL







































al 2004)




































1986)































(Thakur et al 2009)

3 Bacopa monnieri















































) When these were


BAP (5 mgl-1









)




















2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495




































al 2004)




































1986)































(Thakur et al 2009)

3 Bacopa monnieri















































) When these were


BAP (5 mgl-1









)




















2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495





























al 2004)




































1986)































(Thakur et al 2009)

3 Bacopa monnieri















































) When these were


BAP (5 mgl-1









)




















2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495
















1986)































(Thakur et al 2009)

3 Bacopa monnieri















































) When these were


BAP (5 mgl-1









)




















2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495




)




















2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495








2s The


6 Gymnema sylvestre









Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495








Plant Active

Metabolite


media

Reference

Camptotheca

acuminata


al 1998

Catharanthus

roseus

vincristine

vinblastine

anticancerous

MS + 1 mgl BAP

+02 mgl α-


Kumar et al

2013

Coleus

forskohlii


046 μM kinetin

Bhattacharya

and

Bhattacharya

2001

Heliotropium

indicum


hypotensive


mgl BAP + 005

mgl IAA

Kumar and rao

2007

Momordica

charantia


mgl Kinetin

Agarwal and

Kamal 2004

Saussurea

lappa


μM TDZ

Johnson et al

1997

Simarouba

glauca




acid

Rout and Das

1994

Trichosanthes

kirilowii


mgL NAA

Yang et al

2006

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495

























1) and KN (2 mgl

-1) Multiple shoot



NAA (05 mgl-1

) and KN (2 mgl-1

) These



) resulted in







2006)

CONCLUSION


















compounds

REFERENCES




426ndash430





154ndash165







45ndash60





1693











572ndash575





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495





























187








11ndash12







128ndash130







894ndash900





245ndash249








Sciences 3 2







628

























37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495











37(1) 79ndash81































GBKS Bisen PS

























10(70) 15808ndash15812







001ndash006












2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495







2

12




ABSTRACT










Review Article

Cite this article






INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495



INTRODUCTION














Boyle 2005)


































al 1993)



































al 2000)


























2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495















2002)




















OR
















discovery


















































































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495







































































leaves and flowers






































































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495













































































































































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495










































anticancer agents





























al 2009)





antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495




antibiotics




























positive bacteria


















































































al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495














al 2007)



antiviral agent

















endophytes



























al 2007)


antimycotic agents














activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495





activities





























of being sequenced





















et al 2011)





























agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495











agrochemical arenas




13540) (mitosporic

Hypocreales)



Antifungal






Anticancer






Mycotoxin




A


Cytotoxic Xanthine

oxidase Inhibitor

Antifungal Xanthine

oxidase inhibitor








Helvolic acid

Ergosterol


Antibacterial


Antibacterial



hydroxyramulosin 8-

dihydroramulosin

Antibiotic

Antibiotic

Antibiotic



jasminoides Lemoire

(Apocynaceae)


Ceratopycnidium


Incerte sedis)




toxic to livestock




inhibitor

Chaetomium globosum




Cytotoxic





oxidase inhibitor

Diaporthe sp CR 146




Antibacterial


97CG3 (mitosporic

Hypocreales)


G Don (Apocynaceae)

inner


Fusarium sp IFB-121



fusaruside


Oxidase inhibitor






pubescens Ehrh

(Betulaceae)






(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495





(D Don) Florine

(Cupressaceae)

[Gymnosperm]


3(2H)-benzofuranone

Enalin



(AChE) inhibitor

acetylcholinestase

(AChE) inhibitor



Ascomycota)



Antiviral

Monochaetia sp







Preussomerin H

Preussomerin I

Antibacterial

Antifungal FPTase

inhibitor



Xylariales)

Bontia daphnoides L



Insecticidal




Arn (Taxaceae)


Anticancer weed

management


(isolate SJ21)

(Trichocomaceae)






(Endl) Laubenf

(Podocarpaceae)

Peniprequinolone

Gliovictin

Mellein

Nematicidal root

growth accelerator

weakly cytotoxic


Periconia sp OBW-15





and root growth





Antimycotic





Antioxidant

Antifungal

Pestalotiopsis spp


Phomopsis phaseoli




Antifungal

anti-inflammatory





Congo)


(DMAQ-B1)

asterriquinone

Insulin receptor

activator







Basidiomycete)



(Thymelaeaceae)

guanacastepene A

guanacastepene B

Antibacterial

Antibacterial






Toxic to spruce





CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495



CONCLUSION























ACKNOWLEDGMENT




research work

REFERENCES




Reviews2151ndash66





Botany54217ndash234






York16421ndash452






Yorkl265ndash194








1464














Ecology5312ndash19







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495







Botany2Leipzig












Weber B and Yaver D





793





42(2)360ndash368






526





(2)136ndash14





















2( 1) 280ndash287






1741





289




















(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495







(105)388ndash1391



















42(2)1281ndash1287




Dekker341ndash175




































188




















502






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495






Prod67 257ndash268







241ndash270



109661ndash686





















459








1050












1513

























July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495








July 10th

2014


write to


Or

Call - +919590574495

GJRMI - Volume 3, Issue 6 - June 2014

Documents

following diseases

skin diseases

joint diseases

diseases ayurvedic treatments

miami university libraries

ent eye diseases

digestive tract diseases

medicinal plants research