GJhe Journal of - IBEW

GJhe Journal of

RECORDING' THE' ELECTRICAL' ERA

VOL. xxx WASHINGTON, D. C., FEBRUARY, 1931 NO. 2

Easy Insurance For Hard Times Real Life Insurance YO'J Can AtTord to Have.

WHAT IT IS,

A special policy issued on the following plans:

WHO CAN GET IT,

Straight Life Twenty Payment Life Twenty Year Endowment Endowment at Age 65

You-if you are between the ages of 10 and 50; and are a "first class risk,"

WHAT YOU PAY ,

A-Dollar-A-Month, per unit.

WHAT YOU GET PER UNIT,

Straight E:ndo ..... mcnt Ago Life at 66

10 $865.00 $710.00 - -20 725.00 588.00

30 575.00 439.00

40 425.00 283.00 -

50 280.00 ---- -

HOW MANY UNITS,

20 Payment 20 Year Life Endowment

$475.00 $262.00

428.00 259.00 ---

368.00 253.00

300.00 234.00

220.00 203.00

Boys, age 10·15, ___ __________ ___ ___ ____ __ __ __________ ___ 3 units Girls and women, age 10-50 _____ _________ __ _________ ___ __ 3 units Boys and men, age 16-50 ______ . _________ _________ ___ __ __ 5 units

ITS ADVANTAGES,

1. Cash, loan and paid up values. 2. Total and Permanent Disability Clauses. 3. Double Indemnity Benefit. 4. No medical examination required. 6. Guaranteed protection at small cost.

• • • • • This company issues the standard forms of life insurance for men, women and

children, joint life policies for husband and wife, endowment at age 65, home safe. guard policies, children's educational policies, and group life insurance for labor organizations.

Union Cooperative Insurance Association Ho me Office : 1200 Fifteenth Street, N. W . Wuhing ton, D . C.

O F F I C I AL O R GAN O F THE

INTERNATIONAL ELECTRICAL WORKERS AND OPERATORS

PUBLISHED MONTHLY

Co M. BUCN IAZET, Editor, 1200 15th Street N. W ., W •• hinl"lon, D. C.

Tbil Jou rnal will not he held rupo. l ibl. for .. iew. u:pre .. ed by CO"ll l po.d .... h .

Tho flrtt o f e."h month i. t ho clo.inc dal o; . 11 copy m Ul t b. in ou r ha nd. 00 or befor ••

EXECUTIVE OFFICEIIS

Internatlonlll Prelldent, U. II. BROACH, 1200 16th St., N. W., W .. hlngton, D. C.

Interutlonal 5~retar:r, G. M. BUG­NIAU'T, 1200 Hilh St., N. W" Wa.h_ inrton, D. C.

Intern ational Tn .. urer, W. A. noo.u~. &47 South SlltUI A.e., MI. Vernon, N. Y.

VICE P RESIDENTS

Flul Dlattle! E. TNGu:8 R. R. 3. London, Ont., ea ...

Second DI.lrkt CHAI. KII:AVZJttT Bolt 2~8. Lynn, M ....

Third Dlltrlct EDW. F. KI.O'rEIl 1200 16th St. N. W., Withington, D. C. Fourth Di.triet ARTIIUR DtNNrM'

DOl 186, Youn,.town, Ohio Fitth Dlltrlet A. WIUlON

221 S. W. 11th An., Miami. Fla. Sixth DlIlrlet M. J. BoYl,Jl

6000 Jeft'ery Av •. , Chlngo, Ill. Sevanth District D. W. 'I'RA.CY

2605 Yupon An., Doutton, Tn. Eifrhth Dl.trlet n . W. nr.LL 1617 2nd Ave. S., GUill F.II •. Mont. Ninth Dlltrlet II . P . BRIO,l.DTII

PsC[lIe Bld,., San FrandlCo, C.Ut.

Railroads C. J. McGLOC..t.M Hamm Bldg .• St. raul, Minn.

L"i'TERNATIONAL E XECUTIVE COUNCIL

CBU. P. FORD, Cll4irmoll 1200 IMh St. N. W., W .. hln,ton, D. C. First Diltriet ___ G. W. WHITTOII!)

1617 Third Ave., New York, N. Y. Sec:ond Di.triet F. L. KIU.&T

95 Beaeon St., Hyda Park, M .... Third Distrlet M. P. GOIIO ... 1f

607 Bigelow Blvd .. Piltlbarah, Pa. Fourth Di.triet~EDWAllD NOTIlIf,l.OUl

1I0 R St. N. E., Wa.hlnaton, D. C. Fifth Diltriet CR ..... M. PAULlIIN

"919 N. Cuyler Ave., Chicago, II. Sixth Di.lrict G. C. GADBOIS

1532 No. DOlton St., Tulsa, Okla. Seventh Dilt riet _-C. F. OLIVDt

1045 King St., Denver, Colo. Eighth District _ . J. L. MeBRlII1:

165 J.mes St., Labor Temple, Winnipeg, Can,

TELEPH ONE OPERAT ORS' DEPARTMENT

President JULIA O'CONNOR 1110 T remont Bldg., Bo.ton, M ....

Seereta..,. M .... .,. BIIAJ)Y lil0 Tremont Bldg., BOlton, M ....

Contents n~ 1I nn~h ... ro, C<ln,munlrallon Conlrol ~Ir. GllI"ord'a Noh l~ I'rlndpl'" Are E"amlnrd C'omm"nl hy I'r("Oldrnt Uroaeh ( ' nlon AlI'rrem~nll and \tul... . . . U.nkrra Fall ('umn,unlly In l)~pr""lIlon Z'rrirw York "ruenl. Growlnfr ".,k~1 "od~m Pnlon l'l.nl a n En«Jneerlng Job Trade rnlon Tr.dlnlr In l'hU.drlphl. I...bor Union •• nd Cr.rlllm.nllhl~.\ppr.I ... 1 Indlan.pulill I.Il1bll 110dern Alr-l'ort World'" Grnl Unron lJum. Wltb Union Aid Ie-dlo \Ian', Job I'ul I ' nd~r Cllnh: Itaya , Old ~' rl~nd UnN.!u.1 Oi.lrlhulion or W ... lth St'('r~tary S ubmit . Iteru~ndum I'rlln~-Crrmlln} na, ~ .:tonomic Councils • ;dltorlal Woman'a Work E"ct')da) Sdl'nr~

Cltftoon On .;Hry Job Therl", a l"Ullb o r Two CorrullOndence In Memorillm I.o~nl l1nion Oftlcial 111'<:1'11118

P .r_

" " " " " " " 70

" " " " 77 78 19 .. .. " " " 87

' 03 II.

Magazine Chat The te~hnical writer respon­

sible for "EVERYDAY SCIENCE" has begun II. series of "EVERY DA Y TRADE DIA­GRAMS FOR E L E C T R I_ ClANS" whi~h will be appre­~iated by our membership, The first begins in this issue, "Simple Call Bell Circuits,"

Adolph R Wallner, an old­timer, who knows how to wield a pen, is about to begin II series or stories, destined to bring back IIOme of the g reat strug­gles or the union's past. Wall­ner knows his stuff, he loves the union, he responds to the men of hill own generation, and readers may expect an enter­taining lIeriell.

C. n. Morrillon, prellident of L. U, No. 291, Boille, took ad­vantage of the New Year to drive home racts to hill fellows, lie invited, by letter, all read­ers to lIubscribe to three New Year's resolutions. 1. "Resolve to attend all meelings; 2. Re­Holve to pay your dues; 3. Re­solve not to do anything to break down our working concli. tionll or permit nnyone else to do 110, and to do everything possible to protect your brother members In their work, and abo to protect your employer by giving him good workman­ship and a day's work for a daY'1I pay."

Su~h managership as this de· lIervell attention.

An apology to Loul No. 502, Saint J ohn. By a slip of a tired and wild pencil, the Editor put the following under a ~ut : "St. John Public Hospital. Mont­Teal." Now Montreal ill the metropolis, but they have good buildinp, and good workman­IIhip in Saint J ohn, and do not need to share their honors with the great city on the St . Lawrence .

Mis takes will happen, but they always give us a headache. We prefer to remember our lIuecesses.

68 The JO/(I"I11 / fir F:l('C'lrical 1I'000kf'l'H lIml 01Jcralorfl

'J'W.:NTY· Jl'OU lt · I[Olllt HiGHWAYS IN I'Mlt U, SOUTH .UH:n· l eA. ~a:AR [, I MA. TilE CA IlIT"!.

FrbruaNJ,1991

r "" ..... 0' 1\'n1IUh"" ...

THE J OURNAL OF

ELECTRICAL WORKERS &OPERATORS Publication of Ihe In!ernallonal of Electrical , ,

Vol. XXX W ASH INGTON, D. C., FEBRUARY, 193 1 No. 2

Bell Reaches For Communication Control IN eve ry nation or the earth-no mat­

ter what form or government obtains -public opinion is It highly determi­

native factor in control. Hardly 30 years ago public opinion lllellnt but one thing-the prcss. TodllY under the im~ pact of machine production, public opin­ion is wrapped 1111 in one or silvera] dif­ferent vehicles or expreasion, anyone of which is quite as powerful 81 newlpapers.

The radio, The movi09, with the new vocal

equipment, The theatre its('lf, Cables Bnd wirelesa and wired

telephony, Teletype-telephone and telegraph, When one considers that the tt'lephone

lIystem or the Unitl>d Stat09 and or the world-a very largt' per cent, perhaps 95 per cent in the United States and 75 per cent in lhe world-il ct'ntered in one corporation-the American Tele­phone and Telegraph Compan)'---one be­gins to see the enormoul base upon which the corporation Opeflltt'R. This very base alone enableR the A. T. and T. quite naturally and legally and Itdvan­tag-cously to move into important nelY fields or operation. T hus it wa§ that A. T. and T. throujth ih subsidiaries were first upon the ratlio ~cene, And there ill eve ry reason to believe that the Bell COlllpany hall not let go its l\old upon this Ilrofitable IIml IItratcJ,tic field. When the United Slutes (i:"overnment moved against the radio patent pool in May, 1930, it moved ngain!lt the follow­ing 10 corporntionll:

Rndio Corporation of Arnetkll, General Electric Company, Wt'stinghouse, American Telephone lind Telegraph, Western Electric, R. C. A. Photophone, R. C. A, Radiotron, R. C. A. Victor, General Motors Radio, General illotofll Corporation. Two of these are Bell interests, As

late as January thi! year rumon ]It'r­sisted in Wall Street that ..... ired radio service was to be offered the 10,000,000 radio owners of this country. This could come from onl)' one source-the tele­phone monopoly.

S t ake in Movie . Lar,e Everyone knows the widespread own­

ership of movietone UIJpnratus exercised by the telephone group. Of the 22,000 motion picture theat«'s in the United States, 9,000 are now wirt.."(1 for the

W orld's la r gest t rust ramifies into fie lds w he re pu blic o pinio n is m a de . A ne w a spect of a cor­poration, notorio us for its back ­wa rd la bor rela t ions, fo r the firs t t ime r eco rded _

spoken drnma, synchroniU!tI orchestra­tion and the musical. The Ilrincipal the_ atres are wired, Research Laboratoriell, Inc., a subsidiary ot Bdl, controls the apparatus, in most part.-controia it with that s ingularity or Ilurpose 110 charac­teristic of the Bell monopoly, through direct and absolute ownership by virtue of a system of leases with roynltit's to each individual thealre. This puts the Bell corporation in a position to exercise a censorship of not only the moviea and talkies, but or those news reels which have become a factor in forming public opinion. The innuence of this powerful aggregate of capital goes much rarther - into ownerllhip and control of theatre chains, The dramatic--(!\'en traQ"Ic­story of the overturn of the fox chain by the telephone Interests has never bet'li fully told. H ill known that the debncle of Mr. Fox was cau8('d by his inlibiJity to lilly the hellvy royulties demanded by Research Laboratories. That he mude a long and gallant fil{ht to resis t the enc roachment is also w('11 known; thllt he failed was hardly to be acconntcl! II

surprise, for he was pitted agninst the most powerful financial and legal inter­ests of the world. I t is s ignificant that it is this chain, controlled by telephone money, that is now locked in a bitter Itruggle with United Artists o\'er a Ilrln ­dple of distribution.

W o rld Monopoly Sout ht

The extent or world control O\'er cable~ and wires t'xt'rcised by American tele­phone interC!;ts is no longer B teCret (Sec EI.I!CnlICAl. WORXt:RS' JOURNAl" August, 1930).

In general there are three tdephone groups performing throuli:"hout the world :

Kruegt'r interests, Swedish: General Telephone anti Electric Cor~

poration, Britillh and French interests; International Telephone and Telegraph

Comllany, American interests (Bell). Of these three powerrul groups, that

of the Amerlcan Is the 1lI0st inOuentlnl. Indeed, there ill evidence of 8 rriendly, working Ilgreement IlS between the Krue­ger intert'sts lind those of Bell.

The interests of the I nternational Tele­phone and Telegrnph Company are wide­Oung. It delils in manufllc turing, tele­phone, cables a nd radio. It hilS recently nbsorbed the Postal Telegra ph Com pliny lind the Muckay systems. T here nrc more th an 1)0 :Iffiliated companies, some of them huge.

One of the most recent acquisitions of the world telephone combine is one mnde by outright purchase, that of the Con­stantinople Telephone Company. This link connects Europe and Asia. Cables under the Bosphorus act as the conneet­ing medium.

In its competition with Siemens and U.lllke interests of Germany, and the L. N, Ericsson group of Sweden, the American unit is pushing automatic tele­phone systems. In view of the fact that the inno\'ation is now being pushed rig­Idly in the United States-not without labor problt'ms--it is another indication of the Americanization of the world. In Chile, conneetion between Bell and other large in\'estment bankers can also be traced through the First National Bank of New York. This bank, through its chnirman of the board, Gcorge F. Baker, ill the heavie9l stockholder in A. T. :l nd T. Waller Gifford, president of A . T. and T., is a member or the board of the lo'i rst National.

E n ter. New Field The ever-widening circle of Bell influ­

ence has just recently rellehed new di­menBions. The Bell Company through its liubaidillry, the Western Electric, has purchased the Teletype Corporation, a company engaged in manu raeturing printer machines used in telegraph and telephone communication. It is to be noted that thi9 gives the Bell monopoly a new grip upon telegraphic communica­tion. This transaction was reported by the New York Journal of Commerce in October, 1930, thus:

"Expansion of the manufacturing sub­sidiaries of the American Telephone and Telt'graph Company was announced yes­tt'rday with the completion or negotia­tions for the acquisition for the purchase of the Telctype Corporation by an ex­change or 150,000 shares of eomnlOn s tock of the two corporations share ror shart'. The purchase will be effccth'e October I, 1930.

"The Teletype Corpor ation's principal office and factory are in Chicago and it is engaged in the manufacture or Ilrint.­inl;" teiegrallh equipment of all kinds. The Bell system for yea r ll has been the cumpally'll largellt eus«:.mer.

'rhe JOU1'I1a! of Elecb-icallVorker$ and Operators Ptbruary, 1991

".'\ survey of the Bell System's future needs for this type of apparatus indi­cates that it will continue to require a major portion of Teletype's produc­tion. Therefore, it seemed desirable to

acquire Teletype in order to realize thc maximum of progress and eeonomy through the complete co-ordination of research, development and manufacture.

"The Teletype Corporation will be op­erated as a subsidiary of the Western Electric Company."

Early in 1931 the Bell System began to flood the country with this descrip­tion of its new service:

"TYPED IN ONE OF YOUR OFFICES' , • "REPRODUCED AT TilE SAME MOMENT "IN THE OTHERS, NO MATTER HOW

DISTANT"

"Present-day conditions require that an units or a company-headquarters, planl. sale, office!! or factory branches-be placed at the points most strategic ror their par­ticular purposes. But the distance sep­lIfating them is a ~erious handicap.

"To overcome thi', the Bell Systejn offen a modern means of business communica­tion: Telephone Typewriter Service. This provides instantaneous, two_way typewrit­ten communication between all units. It makes possible eomplete centralized con­trol. Handicaps of distance disappear. De_ liveries are speeded up, affording excep­tional service to customers. Production is held closely to demand. Overhead is cut.

"A .steel company links its headquarters in Ohio with thNle plants in the Chi~ago industrial area. A lumber company <:on­nects forest mil! with San Franeis<:o sales office. An automotive part.s eorporation brings together executive, aceounting, engi. neering and sales depsrtment! in one atate and factory in another. An official of this company writes: 'The service haa not only reduced our communication expense, but ha~ been at the same time a factor in efficient operation.'

"Would th is modern business aid be of similar value to )'our firm? Your local Bell Compsny will gladly give you com­plete information about it."

Then the description continues:

"Telephone typewriters can be operated by anyone who can operate a typewriter. They are connected by Bell System wires in such a ",ay tbat the instant a message is typed on one machine it is automatically typed by every other machine on the line, no maHer how distant it may be. Among the uses to which telephone typewriters are put by various department~ are:

"Administration: luue instructions to district offices, plants, warehouses. Receive reports of all kinds.

"Sales: Rave orders shipped the same day aa received. Route salesmen. Receive C'}Dfirmation of .shipments from fac­toriu. Broadcast stock and lateat price information.

"Purchases: Centralize purchasing hr the entire organization. Receive supply requisitions, specifications. Advise fac­tories, branches, of purchases made. Keep close check on arrival of purchases.

"Production: Receive production and in­"entory reports. Maintain close contact with sales and other department!.

"Order: Transmit customen' orders to the {actories.

"Billing: CentralilC the billing. Mail in­"oices the same day orders are .shipped.

'·Traffic. Dispatch shipments. Obtain shipping dates and neceuary information

[or t racing shipments. instructions."

iss ue routing

Rea<:he5 New5paper .

That this principle is related to the new teletypesetter is not to be doubted. The teletypesetter sets type from a cen­tral office to offices in distant cities. Production of teletypesetters would give a Bell a new hold over newspapers -the keystone of public opinion. Not that Bell needs a new hold. The tele­phone monopoly is a handsome adver­tiser. Not for business because it does not need to advertise for business but for good will. Its ads radiate good cheer, high public responsibility, dignity, gentility, nobility. It simply is a cor· poration without blemish_ Its advertis-­ing bill runs into the millions. With the exception of the EL£Cl'lUCAL WORKERS' JOURNAL and a few other labor papers, no periodical of any character escapes the benign charity of Bell. All are given advertising, and without impugning mo­tives. It is noteworthy that Bell re­ceives little or no public criticism. It does receive a great deal of cheal) adulation. This corporation with a soul can do no wrong.

It is well known that Bell disclaims elimination of labor by automatic tele­phone switchboards. I n this the com· pany differs from other authorities, but it does have the temerity to declare that automatization does not mean the lay­off of thousands of operators. It will be interesting to note what alibi tbe company will erect in the presentation of the telephone teletype. This auto­matic machine no doubt will not elim­inate stenographers eilher, as it types letters in central offices and reproduces them simultaneously in branch ofllces. T his is another example, no doubt, of how the automatic machine makes jobs, not destroys them.

Perhaps Bell will repudiate responsi­bility for putting stenographers upon the streets. After all, stenographers are not working for Bell, and why should Bell have any regard for the workers in other firms? Bell's labor policy is broad and elastic, almost as broad and elastic as is the Bell conscience, so why should there be any trouble about this Iitlle matter?

At any rate, the main point is that in this swiftly moving age of ours a world trust of a new sort is being built - a trust which controls communica­tions, and in controlling communications si t s as a censor at the very fountain head of public opinion.

Peace By Hard Work " Industrial peace-how achieved?" is

the subject of a Southern In dustrial Conference to be held at the O. Hcnry Hotel, in Greensboro, N. C .. March 7 lind 8, IV3I, by the National Women's Trade Union League of America. I t has been called to aid in the creation of an intelligent, understanding public on the working conditions in the south and t o present the facts on industrial arbitra­tion and the trade union agreement in maintaining industriall)eace.

The conference will open Saturday morning, March 7, with a description of general conditions in the south-the agricul tural and industrial south, and an historical survey of women's place in in­dustry, especially in textiles. Union management co-operation will be the subject of the Saturday afternoon pro­gram when industrial peace through the trade agreement will be presented by representc'J.tives of both management and the union.

T he mass meeting, Saturday evening, will be on the community's responsibil­ity to its people in maintaining peace. Pu blic opinion and industrial peace, the subject for the Sunday afternoon meet­ing, will be approached from three ave· nue!l-----the press and public opinion, the union and publie opinion, and the church and public opinion.

The Danville strike again bears evi­dence that an understanding public must see its responsibility to the thousands of mill workers in the south in achieving working condtions which are funda­mentally just in the recognition of the human rights of the workers. The pro­gram is arranged to provide that type of discussion and controversy out of which comes truth.

Life and Labor Bulletin issued month­ly by the National League will carry the detailed program. Copies may be ob­tained from the National Women's Trade Union League of America, 306 Machinists Building, Washington, D. C.

No man has (larned the right to intellec­tual ambition until he hu learned to lay his eourse by n !tllr which he has never seen-to dig by the divining-rod for sprinll:~ whi<:h he may never reach. In saying this, I point to th:lt "'hich will make your study hHOic. For I say to you in all sadnen of conviction. that to think great thoughh you must be heroes as well as idealish. Only when you ha"e worked alone--when you have felt around you n black gulC of solitude more isolating than that which Burrounda the dying mnn, and in hope "nd in despair have trusted to your own anshaken wlll-then only will you hnve nchieved. Thus only can you gain the secret isolated joy or the thinker. who knows that. long after he is dead and forgotten, mcn who ne"er heard of him will be moving to the measure of his thought-the .subtle r"pturc of n post ­poned 1l'O"·er. which the world knows not be­clluse it has no external trsppings, but which to hi.s prophetic vision is more real than that wbi~h commands an army. And if thi $ joy should not be YOUTS,-Sti1l it is only thus that you CRn know that you have donl' what it lay in you to do,----<,an say that ~'ou have lived, "nd be ready for the end.­Oliver Wendell Holmes.

Tile JOfllllal of E'lfctrirfll lI'o,.kers and Operators 61

Mr. Gifford's Noble Principles Are Examined By J ULIA O'CONNOR PARKER. PredJent. Tdephone Operator', Department

W ALTER GlfVORD, President or the Americun Telephone, mnde u speflch at Salem, Mass" recently,

"Imminent prosperity, the like of which the world has never lK'en" was his key­nole. Mr. Gilford did not particularize, but he foresees a socia l and ind ustria l utopia wherein the problem will be the distribution of wealth, &0 dramatically will big busine~ aided by science and animated by a IIpirit of service, recover itself from this "necelll!llry evil" of t emporl\ry depression.

11.'1 hl\rd to take depression seriously on 1\ salary of $200,000 n year.

Mr. Gilford got a fine lIre!!.!! on thi. .peech. Optimism from the head of the IlIl'1test corporation in the world i~ good . tuff. Mnssachusetts hilS nn unem illoy­ment committee made up of the bellt mind!'. The mountain of busineu brain!! had labored and the mou$' it had brought forth was "do your Christmlll shOllping early." Banks were to be per­suuded to give up earlier Umn customnl'y the Christmas funds in t heir churge, Ilnd prolll)erity would bc on an ('\'en keel once more. Mr. Gifford's visions dicked much better than the shopping formuln for happiness.

Admit. Monopoly Control

But the headline ..... riters mi!l.~ed a very ~ignificnnt Fenlence in the Gifford 'I)e('ch. With reference to the Ameri­elln Telephone & Telegraph Compan)', 11C! ~nid, "We know we are nn "bllolute monolloly." There wall ment for news­phper exploitation and for public lhou~ht nnd dillcuu;ion. Pro~perity will linger round the corner or rush around it without much benefit or 1\11'. GiiTortl'lI ro~eat(' dreams but " ..... e nre an absolute monopoly"~that grent truth ig alway with u~. Mr. Gifford went on, you may be lIure, to extenunte the nb~olut(' 'llonOl)ol}'~a great trust repo~ed in ('apllbll' nnd zelllous hRnds- workinir out with almost religiou!' fervor the ..... elfare of th(' three great forc('~ O\'er ..... hom it reignll with admitted ablloluti1>m-the public, the employees, the stockholder!!.

1-:v('n if thill mythical delinealilln of the ~r('nt. white fnther were true, would you like absolute monopoly any better all a telephone consumer, a tele­phone wo rker, or even ns a telephone IItockholder'!

Conllider the beautiful 10~-rollin" I)ouibilities, and aetunlitiell, in thill three-fold dictatorship - the company and the stockholders against the public and the employees in the interest of high dividend rat~the compllny and the public against the stockholders and th(' employees in the interest of n low se rvice rate-the eompnny and the em­ployees against the ~tockholders and the puhlic in the intere~t of hiJ,:'h wages-­and 80 on ad infinitUIII in any number of combi nations. The grRnd result of this BMred trusteeship of the Bell Telephone

•

The hypocritical gap as be· tween the profeaaionl of the tele­phon e monopol y and ita practices a re exposed w ith cold candor, Wages a lo ne brand Mr_ G ifford al a p ublicity agent for h is cor­poration, of Pecksniffian propor· t ions.

system is, as everybody knows, lowe r dividendll by about 60 per cent than the properties eam, enormously higher rates thlln would be necessary to Ilay even the mythical high dividendll Ilnd high wages, and employee earning power at a de­preSliingly low level.

To paraphrase n IrTCllt epigrammatist, Mother Bell believes in abllOlutism only wh('n it wo rks, 1\11(1 she mllkes it work.

Soon Prove. Stateme nt True

Don't take my word for the company­employee against lhe I)ublic combina­tion, for instance. While Mr. Gilford wns making his famous reference to mOl1opoly at Salem. the Central Labor Union at Boston wa striving to !'flcure the reinstatement to the telephone @er­vice of the one of ib onlcers who had as an officer of that hody tll1d by its in­!<truetion lIigned II petition ealling upon the Public Servicl.' Commi~~ion to reduce ratell to the Ilublic becnu~e operatinK COllts were less, due to thc rl.'dueed I)er­IIOnnel requirement!! of dinl ope ration. She was president of the OperalO1'B' Union and work~d for the telepholll' ('ompany. She was Or~l: getting out of goo~e-step is I.'vidently not done in

Jl'LIA O'CO-'''on PAItKER

nn abllOlute monnrchy. The com pliny doesn't admil this ConSlliracy ngainst the public interest-it proclaimll it. A Itnte­ment ..... as iSllued to the effect that the young woman was fired because of ht'r inconsistency in joining in a rnte de­crense petition against the comp,1I1Y which t'mployed her. She did not advo­cate bombing an exchange: !!he did not even of herself initiate tI rate move; she merely performed t he routine formal_ it ies required of her as an officer of a labor-civic-orgnnization. Even und!'r 1111 absolute monarchy we might ven­tUre to believe that 80 important a sec­tion of the public might ask that the meri ts of a rate decrt!Kse should be examined by the proper regulatory body, without telephone company rep ri lal. but no-when I say absolute, I mean absolute.

But Mr. Giffor.t writes ns well as speaks often, and he is 88 likely to deal with democracy 118 monnrchy. The company union scheme of the Bell mon· nrehy is a beautiful example of indus­trial democracy, he believes. In an orticJe written for 0 BOllton banking ma~7.ine, he says many things nbout the marvel nnd romance of telephone growth and achievement, and says them very graphically. It ill only when he touchefl upon the human relations phallI' of telcphone administration that he bt'­cornel trite, piatitudinoull and insincere. The t rusteeship motif occurs again in this article. " l tII (management's) respon­sibility ie thre('-fold. In fact, if not in law. it is a trUlltee acting in the joint intereats of ownerll, workers nnd cu~tomers."

The Bell, like Soviet R ussin, hIlS a fiv('-year program. What benefits are planned for the three wartb of the tele· Ilhone monOJl·oly--ownet1!. workers, CUll-­tomers-in the ncxt flv('.yC'ar span, )Ir_ Gifford doesn't My. Judg'Cd by the Jln~t. his si lence on this important point cov­ers a policy of arrogance, ullurpation, an all-thl.'-traffic-will-bear attitude on rate8. on wag!'!!!. even On dividend .. while the great corporntion itself builds Ull huge lIu rplu lI('s, accumulate IIpurious deprceill_ tinn nnd obsolesce nce reserves, pockets amazing sumB in annual tribute from o~rating companie~all this on itll legitimate bu!!ineu of oral communica_ tion. But. Mr. Gifford says, the tele­phone is going to drop its Bide lines., sell out at a profit, IKI we won't. go into that.

Nobility F ra nkly Admitted

Now, if we may summon our officinl Bpokesman for the Bell agnin and henr him on telephone labor policy. Hill t!'!!ltlmony rends well; it i~ a libeml. ai­mo~t an idenlilltic, doctrine; it is ex­trenll'ly Iluolable al ('vidence of the new bu!!inellfl psychology. Here is n great captain ot industry with a social con-

('nn.lou .. d on "'If" 10.)

62 The Journal 01 Electrical U'm'kers altd Operators February, 19S1

CO MMENT By

PRESIDENT BROACH

H ERE'S an unusual C:l!le: The locnl Business "Ian· ager was al'iO a deputy sheriff-and a heavy

drinker. ' Vhen Ihe Internalional man arrived, tilt'

"Iough" displared hi .. gun and badgc. lie: adminerl letters he stnt to this office Ilere dictated- word for word-by the Emillore~' A~-.ociation.

T hl'! agreement with these 1~lI1plorers was illegal and disgusting. T he union printed in its bylaw:>, parb

which were not in tended b) this office. The union was fast going down. But, happily, t1H~n~'s now a new agreement-the b) laws are to be (<<,printed-and there's a new Uusinrss ;\ Ianager. \ Ve're determined to correct all such situations.

One man sa)'s his "skin is pretty !luck". ' ''e're glad-for a "thick skin" is a big asset to an) one 111

the labor mo\'ement. ~Ir great desire is for undl"r­standing. Hut my frankness often ap~ars brutal to "thin-skinned" people.

A critic was just told:

"No, I'm nOi 'bold' or 'daring'. I'm DOl car~l~,. or reckl~u. I 'm not .I gunu:r. Things :Ire weigbed and cbed:~d I'~ry urdully. I'm nOI a Iheoritl or idnliu. I'm probably :1$ C.lutiou" COnUrV.lIj,·e, IS any man in this work. Rut I ;n,i$1 on at1ion. I'I-e lived " rather full , Itormy life. I've learned 10 quickly admi t any ~r ro r. I'v~ worked hard .ince Ihe nge of 11. I 've been in Ihi, orga lli'l.~ r inll ~il1rr.

Ihe age of 16-and 1'111 nOI ' h ~td·boi l ed'."

\Ve're told these Comments are "tOO St:n~re and should be toned down". But why puss},foot, duck and evade? That desl ro),s confidence and rtspect of intd­ligent people. It 's nice to say soh, sweet things-to soft, sweet beings-but not to people whose cconomi..:: interests demand th!"y lace the hard facts of li fe. You can't be honest willI them-o r make them think-by usi ng lollipop, sugar-roated words.

I f we could ani}' h:n e IlemocTac), without damn fools. Few can define it. Theft: arc many I'arieties. It·s mood}' ignorant Ilor,hip of something most men know nothing about. It's wrapIX'd up with primit i,'C: emotion, patriotism and religion. It blinds most men­as a mother's 101'e for her child blinds her to his faults and shortcomings. The theories men lo\-e often hide many weaknesses-but few will admit thcm, •

Our New York Union , No.3. now has a beautiful 7-story building. tooting $24.6,000. It also owns an adjoining building, used solely for schooling helpers. The Fur 'Yorkers' Union owned and used the prop· erty. I t lost it Uecause of internal strife and poor management. Our union rlOW has it because of good management. Such examples answer critics.

lIere'~ encouragement: Local unions ad\ise the} are emplo}ing more reprCM:nlati\es~me their first one§. \ Ve hope such men are studious, active, with a plea:.­ing personality, Each ~hould understand he's not \1 (JI ki llg solely fo r the union but for betterment of om industry.

Government is business. It's big busine:;s. It has many departments, many heads. Some are notoriously anti-union. There's much shifting, much red tape, man)' ucuscs. T he man in authorit} is often hard to find. Sometimes no onc seems in aut hority. ~ lany sit back, smile, act l)olile, evade, deceive and bow you out.

\\'e hal'e long needed a trained head of legislation­located here----to deal II jlh GOI'ernmenl Officials and legislative problems, hal'e one--the same Labor. Last l\ l arch

\ Ve're glad to l1l)1I0U II<,;1:. \\t: IIOW

as the American Fe<leration of we wrote;

"The idea l ullioll mUll be highly Iyslema liv.ed­wi th staffs of technician, and ex per ts. T here muS! be tra ined hud. of: Organiulion- Education-

•

•

February, 1991 The JOllrnal of Electrical Workers and Operators

Public Relations - Re,earch - Engineering Legal _ Legillation _ Finance _ Standards."

This is from our R~arch Department:

The power chisel now d~. the , .. ork of 10 men. A machine produdng dtctric light bulbi displactt 992 me .. , One man doe. the , .. nrk of 4<l with tlec­trificd 1I0keu on motor ship.. One man un make 450 brich a day-but I machine now m.ku 40,000

a day. A big I'OWU , hovtl will d ig and load u much dirt as 400 men.

Automatic machinefY, to unload Ihipt, displa(u ]00 men, One collon I'icking machine gelt rid of .. 0 worken.

In produdng boou and .h~s, 100 machines dis­place 2S,000 tnen. OUC' man now d~s Ihe work of 600 in the glan tubinll indullry-and so il gots. Mergen .nd scielllific managemenl have .lso dimi­nated unkno, .. n thouunds.

Still some wonder why millions loaf lind stan'(­whl Ollr "panics" an~ coming dostr and ciO'ier tngt"thrr -and why men and women muSt worl:: fewer and fewer hours-and be paid enough 10 con~lIme more and more, Yes, inventions were a blessing-at one time. BUI if continued without intelligent reguiation­and other steps being taken-Ihey will become a curse,

An old fellow sa):> this mag:wine deVOtes "too much time to problems of the m01l1ent". True, this organ­izalion has an exciting, inspiring past, But it also has a serious, important prrsent-with an alluring, brilliant future. Just no\\" \\"e mUSln't look backwards.

Another one says: "Old timers haYen't done much, suppose". He's decidedl), wrong. They bla1.ed the

trail. They went through the early fins of stru~l;le

and torture-worse than we younger men can ever know. The)' carried on when the price was great­when a union card was a danger-when there seemtd lillie hope-and all for lo\'e of the cause, and REAl .. principle. They desen'e first honors- and first consIderation.

Please see our problem. \Ve're alwa}s faced with many serious situations demanding the services 01 In ter­national men. Our staff is on ly one fourth of what it

ought to hl'. Please help liS. Don't ask for a man to handle minor matters thM can be disposed of by )our Ru~int5S ~fanager or Executive Board. But \\ hen }Otl mllst hlwe an International man, lou'll get one-rrgarclless of size of your local union.

T ake all) successful busine.s concern. Il ow long could it last if it began calling two meetings a month for stockholders to debate and help run the business? Surely not more than two rean. Business executives I.:nO\\ rhi~,

A \ ear ago we said: "The union mun be sel up II a m.l$iness, man­

aged and rUIl at a busineu. No IUfXusful corpora­tion conducil itl businell by 111 .. 1 meetings, Neither un ::t labor uniOI! that wants to be really succeu ful. Delegated IlOwers are more efficient th311 town meeting ....

Last April we said: "There'. pa.ith·ely no nCllle for il. The IiIrong­

est union. we h.ve are tho~e which meet the leall often. \\'hat i. the answer ? Simply too much gu. Certainly there facts are clear. They cannot be brushed :uirJe. Experience can't be denied. FaCIl can't be blown away."

T!lis is ~ked: "Should I purcha$<: an interest in a ;;hop, or Start in business alone?" No, the oJds are about 100 10 I against ~ou. \Vr don't want 10 spread gloom-but we must face stubborn facts. Last lear 26,459 busill('SSCs failrd ill this country. Tht:><: wert: recorded. ~lal1Y others were nOt. Literally hundreds of clC(;tricnl concerns went IIlIder. ~ l any more will follow.

~1any times we\e seen our members lose their sav­ings anti homes in business \,enturts. Only a small handful have succeeded-and then only after sevellil lC3rs of hard labor and struggle, Rarely do they earn as much wages as the workumn. ;\lany ha\·e gOne ahead despite warnings-onl} to grieve and cry later.

(SEE :-;EXT PAGE)

63

64 The Jounzal of Eledriral Workers and Operators

UNION AG REEMENTS AND RULES

M /\NY of these are poorly worded, rollf\l~illg, com­plicated and padded. Some parts arc non~ensi·

cal-50mc cannot possibly be enforced. These ah!'n cause quibbling, Quarrding. Imir-splitting and trouble. So we now ha\'c standard forms to aid our local union~.

\ Ve're now taking much pains with all proposc:J agreemellts anti rules. \ Ve're doing our utmost to COf­reet, iIllIlTO\'C, and modernize thC'rn. The}, must be sen· sible, reasonable, ami well-halanctd. Our Constitut ion requires-in Art. XVIII , Sec. 7-that all these mu~t be sent here in duplicate form for approval. "All these shall be nu ll and mid without" such apllTO\al. They must be sent here ~fore :till nrgo[iatiol1~ begin, SO M to 3\'oi<l complications.

But how blinJ some union~ ~I re. The), enforce ::;(lmc lul~ which drive them off job<;. Ther are in a high I) competiti\e markel-and can go only so far at a time. \ Vhen ru!~ are Impo::.eJ on union emplo~ers which handicap them in securing work, our memht~ a!w,lIs suffer.

Don't forgel: Our emplo)ers are sales agents for ~ou. Certain rules h:1\e b«n for~d upon them with­OUt any regard for non-union I;ompetition. These make it impo~ibll" to sell Jour labor. Let's take travding time: It's natural ollr members want pay for ,raveling 10 and from jobs. They should h:we it when ther("s no serious non-union competition. But because of such competition in \'arious section~, \\e\-e lost thOIls.1nd~

of jobs.

Of course many can't understand this anitudt­because the}' don't see the millstones they lie arouml thei r ow n necks. T hey dan', realize the)"re gi\ing the non-union man a dear field with big advantages. D espite the difference in wages, our employers fi nd they can compete with those non-union, bec:lu5e of the superior knowledge and workmanship of our member~.

But when-on lOp of the higher wagc---emploJer .. are forced to pa,' tra\'eling time, then the,' simpl" havt' no chance at all in certain sectiOn ~. Remember: T he non-union ma n has no rules. H e usually furnishes hi~

own transportation. pays his own lodging when out of lawn-ami dQ(:~ an) thing he's told.

Some 1 ears ago our Chicago Union-Local No.1 H --charged time lor tra\eling to and from jobs in its jurisdiction. The officers soon saw the damage. The}' saw worle:- \\'as gradually being lost. The\ met the situation hy dropping the rult-and the members now go to job<; anywhere in Iheir jurisdiction without col­lecting time for trneling.

In l\ l ihlolikee, we found our Illemben chnrged ti!lll' for trll\eling outside a cerrain zone-but inside their ju risdiction. This resulted in most all work out~id('

the zone going non-union. A child could see thi~ rlllt' benefitt'(1 only a fe\\ members at the ex~n,e of th~ many. It allowed the non-union men to thri\e ami rapidl,. grow in lIumber.;.

So, \\he.n there's nOli-union competition to tnfft then it's our honest belief that where tra\"eJing time begins, that's JUSt the point where the locnl union\ jurisdiction shou ld end.

\Ve simpl" must stop thcori7ing about our problem~. \ Ve must rid ourselves of the stumbl ing bloclc. of falo;e pridc. \ Ve must learn 10 nC«I)[ facts as fach. " 'e must learn to res~ct reality. \\le must face thing) as they are. Of course the po"ition we take is not popular -but it's important and quite necessary.

Peb1'UUI'Y, 1931 The JouulOl 0/ J.:;lcctrical lVoI'kers aml OperatQ!"8 65

Banke rs Fail Comm unity In D epression

IN J anuary, 1930, this JOURNAL quoted Thomas S. Holden, vice president, F. W. Dodge Corporation, to the effect

that an upturn in business awaited the word o( bankers. Mr. Holden de<:lared:

The reluctance of big bankers to pro· Cha nce to perform public sen- '"ide money for in,·estment dangerously

ice ig nored in order to fo llow nar- approaches an act of tTeftSOIL To quote Business Week agllin:

row policy of restricted self-in- "The flaw in the financial altruism ot "The u ..... o;l illllKlrlunl d~i>siolill tu te resi. High interest rates delay thil proposal lies in it... 1l1:1:t:lIlllnce of

build now relit with corporation. Ind construction. D e pression pro- the deflation of prices and iUl demand lending institutions whose financial that adjustment to this deflation be made s tllbllity. credit resources and confi4 longed. through wages and not through capltnl

denCeB In the economic progresH o: __ :::::::::::::::::~-'-:':O~HLIJ. Unless wages are reduced or the country nre greater than. prices brought back to the average evu before. ,. of recent years-and even if

ThIn .... ns 13 months ago. and the situation renllliM unchanged. unchanged except that the reo aponsibllit)' of bankers for the prolonged depression becomes clearer.

Busin(' flI Week (J anuary 21, 19:\ 1) prl'SE'nts evidence that bankera. following a restricted policy of profiteering in time of national disaster, are holding up construction by fAilure to prvvilitl money nt low interest rates. Busi­ness Week is an economic weekly published by McGraw Hill Pub4 lishing Company. It has can· eluded a SUf\·E'Y of 349 cities.

"Fort)' per cent of the a·HI cltiE'1I reporled a shorl4 age of capital for good !"eal ulflt" morlgll~e 1011ns. Fur4 thermore, ral('s Qn mortpjl"c funds have not rallen to any considerable extcnt during thc past year dcspite alleged easy monfl)'. Seve nty-six per cent ot the cities report no change in mortgage money ralet rrom a year ago; 14 per c.mt tiuJ ... ks actually ri .. ing; only 10 per cent show falling rates."'

•

Jlrices nre-t.hp mnrket rate of I'eturn on long-term Cllilital can­not be maintained at the level to which invl'stors have become ac­customed during 15 yt<IU'S o( abnormal money rates. Ever aince 1925 the market cost of long4 term capital for real investment here and abrOad has been out. of line with its productive yield. This is the funda mental cause of this depression, and the effort. to mn in­lain that situation on the part of investors is the rell1 obstacle to busineu recovery the world o,·er. Business i8 paraly:r:ed by a &Ort or investors' IILrike or borrowerB' lockout, and may not be able to KG ahead for a long time unleu the central banks take direct action to break this deadlock and restore long4term interest ratCII to their natural level.

Thi ll i~ not all. There i~ all actual I!horta~e of space in a good many o( thE' cities. " F ourteen per cent of t.he 349 cities showed a shorlnlle m si ngle-fnmi ly dWC1\4 ings; IS per cent nre under­lIupplied with apartments; three per cenl ha\'e not E'nough business buiTdingtl."' The Business Week on to analyze the diffi('ulty.

" ... mn;w \na.I.o:>. IIA~K.:I!. IH!C UF:1',\I! \. (H' 1'ln; "ltf:AHlllt\·. IIAM wo~ " In;PI" I""1'H):> UY 1'ln: 1';;';~lU(n' \\,ITII WTrleu TrtJ 11.\8 UN I'''I, I, I-: !) 1'1\('\· 1' 41);.\1,8 1,'0 1\ 1I0NI1St;8 TO !:IoO LDHml\, O lt lil!llfll 1111:11 'ro JOI!I •• :l!l!. AND T il",: AL"t'UI'['\ \\' 11'11 W 11I('1I 1m Jl AlI OI"}::-; 1'AX 1I~:u,\'n;s Til

"General reduction or wages ill likely only to add other strikes or lockouts to our troubles. The truth is that the priC41 or labor in this country, like the price or caJlital, is now determined not by the bare CO!t o( living on the one hand or by the I:UIII. ur saving on the other, but by the actual pro. ductivity of each ractor. On thia bas is there is no evidence that real wages are too high, but there i8 plenty that the cost or capital for real investment is. Further4 more, every American hu~inf' '''' man will rcali:.:e that, with produc­tive capacity in this country (sr in excess o( current purchasing power, the chances o( maintaining

goel!

"Shortage of mortgage mOne)' ill reported in the rollowing percent· age!! or citie.!! in lhe variou.!! sections; New England, 44 pE'r ccnt; east north (·"nt.ral, Fi4 per cent; west north cen trnl. 2·1 per cent; south Atlanti('. 54 per cent; east south «ntral, 45 Iler cent; west south N!n­tral, 32 per cC'nt; mountain. 85 per cent; Pacific. 23 pPr cent; Canadilln. 33 per ('('nt."

The Bu!!inf'~11 Wl"f'k offen no 1I01ution of the problem, but hope.s the Federal Reserve Bank can influenc!' local !litu­ations In such fI way as to stimulate flow of money.

C()RI'OH.~1'IO:-;..s

Authentic reportl! from Wall Street to tho EUx:'MlICAL WORKERS' JOURNAl. are disturbil1(r.

Certain bankers are not eager to see bu~lnes.!! resume its normal course b«ause they hope to see the unlip.rlying population r('ltch that stale of mind that they will be W\ll4 ing to take wage culs.

This is In line with the solemn IIr04 nOUllcemcnts of Albert H. Wiggin. chnir­man of the Chllse National Bank, made to Its stockholders. Mr. Wiggin's solution or thl' I)r""ent problcm is to cut W1IIRe •• and not capital costs. He wanta money to gi) on earning llirge profiu, and he wanLIJ labor lo take eve n lesll than It now getl!.

the current artificial market price (or iong4term ('apitai by rurther reduction o( purchasing power are about as great as thaI!(! of the proverbial snowball in Hades."

II" h ..... chievcd BUccess who hll' Jived well, Illughed often lind loved much: who h .. ""Ined the respect of intciligent men

.• nd the lOVe of little children: who hilt lill"d hi. niche and lI"compll.hed hi, (uk: wllo hu left til" .... orld bette r thnn he found It, wh.ther by a" Improved poppy. a perf""t pOem or II rescued .oul: who ha. neyer I.do.d apprecIation of earth'. bUllty or '.il,,<1 to expr ... it; .... ho h .. look<!d for the but in othen and given the belt he hlld; whOle life w .. lin Intpl rlltion: WhOle meillory i. " b.:nedietlon.-M,. •. A. J . SUaa',,,,

66 The Journal 0/ Elccl1;cal Workers and Operators February, 1931

New York City Presents Growing Market

T HE new huilding of Local Union No.3, New York City. gives room for growth. The new ll18nt. being

built by the local organiUllion is !luch that it take. in account pOMible devel­opment. of the union'. bUliness to dou­ble or triple its pr esent size. The local organization ill bu ilding intelligently, on R brond ball!s, to take a more and nlore prominent pln('e in the electrical indus­try of the rlIl'lropolis.

Recent cstimlltes place New York's popu lation at 20,000,000 inhabitants within the short period of another generation. •

The speed with which the new city il being erected on the unworn remnants of the old la indicated by the ract that buildings, not. yet 25 years old, are bei ng torn down to give place to new. How quickly one champion tower aCt .... r another gives way to a higher peak ill another indication of ·the rapidity or change.

The recent promulgation of a lO-year

plan of progressiv~ co nd llmnation of whole ci ty blocks In Ilu nt areas, find thei r substitution by parks, and by model apartments, is another indication of the undeveloped fieldl for construc­tion in New York City,

The population of New York City is a good indication of the cell8eleSli dr ive of this Bg$lTegate of human beings toward greater populalions,

Population of New York City For 60 Yean

Gain 188. 1,206,299 1890 J,5Hi,301 309,002

19" 3,J37,20:! 1,9:!I,OOI 1910 4,160,883 1,320,6!l1 1920 6,(120,04'1 853,I&' 193. 6,930,416 1,310,3911

Another view of the lrcmcndous power residcnt in the metropolis is indicated by building permits issued during the last decade.

With ceallelesa urgency metrop­o lis drives toward 20,000,000 populat ion. Character of city rapidly changing. Local organ­ization takes buildin g growth in to account.

Building Perm its, Ne w Yo rk Ci ty ( 5 Boroug h.)

""?~ 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 (0 monthl)

$277 ,695,M7 443,6\14,401 6<18,31 0 oS t8 789,265,335 836,MS,60~

1,020,004,713 1,639,670,572

880,333,455 91(I ,li71,855 9,12,297,2ltl 31o,a61,991

A comparison of New York's con­struction activities per 100,000 popula­tion with cer tain othe r cities is interesting.

1920 CO",.t"'C· tiol'l pn

Tot.al POpMla.· 100MO Cit" COlI,trueeiolt liolt Peopl.

.. $2'17,695,337 6,620,048 $4,941,156 84,602,650 2,701,705 3,131,464 54,174,046 1,823,779 2,970,428 60,023,600 616,613 10,408,602

New York Chicago PhiladelphIa Lo. Angele. Indianapolis Portland, M., 1 ~~~~:~~~ 3~;l~~ ;:~~~~~

1925 COIUIII'1l.C­tio", pu

Towl Popww,· 100,000 CilJl Co .. dnu:tio" lioll Peopl.

N ..... York $1,020,604,7136.813,356 $17,876,858 Chicago 1173,863,571 2,995,239 12,479,924 Philadclphla 171,034,2801 ,979,364 8,640,811 Los Ana:elet 152,646,4361,018,239 14,893,010 !ndianapoll, 24,889,860 358,819 6,tl22,674 Portland, Me. 2,002,031 76,338 2,667,683

I'lEn:STt:t:S T lIOl11>Asn 001, l ,AIIS \\'onTIi ('II' AI' I'AIIATl'S ow~a;o JO I !>iTI.Y 11\' I 'SIOS A1" J) .:)1 l' I .OY~:IlS lIIAla; CI.ASS 1100)1 wonK !'IIACTI('.\I.

.:U:('TII I{' 1),\, \ ' K('lIom,. ow: ... :o ASI) IHUECTEIl Ill' Tin: l""W'

1930 Co",tru~­tio .. per

Total POpMW- lOOMO Cit~ ·ColUltructiO,," lio.. P.opl.

New York $420,490,656 6,981,927 $6,022,558 Chicago 96,532,OQ2 8,376,329 2,859,931 Phll.delphla 60,266,912 1,964,430 3,061,861 Lol Anl.lel 78,306,468 1,233,561 6,3'8,IMH Indianlpoll. 8,356,886 364,013 2,295,318 Portllnd, Me. 1,779,624 70,810 2,513.238

The pial} to end s lums in New York i. envisioned as a joint project between state, city and private agencies. It is B project endorsed by the American Con· struction Council.

The bownd ' ·olum" of the IJSO Electrical Worli.era J ourna l , r .. In be w Id apln t hl, )"u r fo r ".15 pos ta" .. pr .. pald. They a re un Iform wllh the voluml':l of other yea ra, one·fourth leal her. hll ndw me and dw rable.

February, 1931 The Journal of Electrical Workers alld Opemlors 67

Modern Union Plant an Engineering Job THE new hair-million dollar office

building and buainess center or Lo­cal Union No.3, International

Brotherhood or Elec trical Workers, looks Iquarely up Lexington Avenue into the race of the Chrysler Tower, appears, and is, but a stone'a throw f ronl t.he irn­preaalve Empire State bUilding, is next. door neighbor to n new unit of the Col­Icge of the City or New York, and is but. a step from the old, genteel section of the mctrui,,,,lia known al Gramercy Park. All thia may not seem to make a "wi re-jer­ker's" daily grind IIny easier. Yet t.here ia lustre, perhnllll powerful emotional in_ centive, guthered rrom standing in the hourly presence of Manhattan's tallest towers, wired by membe["$ of Local Union No.3. Or rather more, the IOCR­lion i. indication of tho busineus shrewd_ ncaa of the local's management, for the new property is without a doubt an ex­celJent investment, made when property valuf's had not reached their penk in a lIection where they will go much higher. The location is th(' corner of Lexington Avenue and 25th Street, designated M

-• ,

[r r r I r r r r I r r. I

Union offices, w h ich began on the kitchen table at home , e volve throug h simple stagea to many­sided centres, New York City present. cle&r t:xamp le or chang­ing businell standards a nd meth­oda of local unions.

130 East 25th Street. The orij:Cinal bruss plate "International Brotil('rhood of Electrical Wvrk"I"lI" willI tile mllg­netic fin Ilointing ever upward, now brillianlly refurbished, which hung for years above the entrance of the old, now hiolorie, pro llerty at 130 EIl3l 16th StrC(ll, hanga above the spacious door­way of the new home.

o 0 0

Strangely, ;lnd yet fittingly , the new home i!l but 8 short walk from the orig­inal office of Local Union No.3, occu­Ilied from shortly aCler its chart~ring in

1894, through that bitter, pninful and prolonged IItrike of 1903 (l1I8tjng about 36 months ), which chane-cd the whole di­rection of New York'. building tradc8' hi8tOry. Be it. known, moreover, that what is history in a New York indu!ltry ia history (or the whole nation. E\'en in the nineties New York City was taking an Important place in the affairs of the Inter national Brotherhood of Electrical Worken. Yet the office. of Local Union No, U had even a humbler origin.

There was a time that they occupied the dining room of Secretary George Whillord's home. It waH not. unt.i1 1903 that the union posse!lsed a typewriter. At that early date, the work of the local officen was done at night after the ra­tigue of the daY'8 work had alowed the hand, an.! duJl"d tlU! ~ye. '1'h"~,, o.:um­parisons are rich and meaningful. anti should not be forgotten. The 8uccessful individual, who (orgeta hi!! pennilcss be­ginnings, is usually branded Il snob and (raud-not to be fully trustf'd. The 8UC­ceaaful economic orgnni7.ation. which in the hour of ill 8uccoedinJ/'. fails to turn

68 The Jourl/al of Electrical Workers and Operato,"! F ebnw)'Y, 1931

AI)'\IINI8TI!ATI"~'l OF',' ICES AilE lIANOSO~I£ A!<-' I) IU:AUTI.'UI, LY "IGII'T~:O. PU.:S1DI':NT WILSON, In:CIIETAIlY WIl ITYO ltl). AND . ' I NANTIA I. S~;C ltl';·

TAlty U OGAN AT TllE ~'AIt DeSKS.

1'1'.; l'INANCIAI, O~'II'IC~:~ l 'n~:SE/,\T A 01(lNIFnm AI' IJEAlIANC I~. 1' IHW An .. : 0 01'1".1 1110' WA I.SUT WI1'II

1I,\C KI:ItOUND fi I!" ";XTln:~I":LY GOOI) TASTE.

THE OIl'FI("E IS UQDt:IIN IN OIlGA:"IZATI OS AND EQUII'JoI};NT A TRAINED OVI/' ICF: :\JANAO}:n UP-ADS TOE STENOORAPHIC VOII{'E. TnE RESt;A ltCIl 0.:·

('''II1'loII': N1' IS S}:EN AT TUE Ul:,Ut .

IIt;RIS}:HiI O.TIC}:S. lIusnH:SS ;\lANAOER "IIEIS8. I S Jl'Ollt:(:uon") ASS I STANT lIA1II' ACJ.:n I.OR!':S"', NEXT. Al\J) !H-:('ln:TA f(Y 01' ORGANIZISO CO!OI~IT'

'n :.: SOI.O\IO:<i I:;' 1I.\ CKGnOUI'U

TILIIJ SILOWIJ A va:\\" IlEnlN!) TilE IIECI'} IVIN(l WI:i­I)OWI': BOSIU;!) r·I.~:ltK'" S.:ln'f! Tilt; WOUnJ.:US. SOTE Tilt: m.AUOItAT}: fl' 11.l:S OF MEMIU:R!iIlIl'

lllMI)\' ~'OR USE IlEIIIND E..",CII CL~RK.

I'RAM'I('IS"G WIIAT IT PltEACln:fI. I.AUOR ,.'Ult . 'I~II.;IJ ATTUA(' TIVK WELI.·Y,QUIPI' }:1l Ilf:ST. UOOM

FOil IT!! Wt)M}:S STAFl' )n:~IIlf:IIS.

•

February, 19J1 The Journal 0/ Electrical lVorkers and Operators 69

IN TilE UY.(lI.",SI:'Iin, A 'rAULI:! I~ '1'1 " ; 110)": O~· !U;{'IU:'I'AIlY WI1I'1'I'OUO W,\II

TIU: OSI.\' OFt'let:.

the eyes of ita younger member!! bark to thORP Jlainful early beK"inningll is 1111 COII­temptible as the snob.

So it was that on the Sunday that the photograph of the new building wall tnken (showillR' the run ked CRU, and ma8lll'd ex('cutlvc lind field (orcel) It lew of the staff walked over to Third A~enue and 27th Street where the original ofllce still stands. The contour of this neigh­borhood has cha nged but little since 1903. The buildinp nre the Mme. The uld landmarks arc there, and everyone brings back II thousnnd associations to the veteran who wenl through the greAt strike of 1 !)03. The original smnl\ room behind lh(' Inrgl'r ('orl1er spac(', ill the low, red, lhr(!('-slory building, still stands. This Willi th(' union's firat office.

The corner space houlled It wloon (now tl restaurnnt). The w lool1-k('eper, ns was lIO .ften the call(,. wns the hungry ~trikers' best friend. Many n bowl of hot SOur. many a $l'la511 of beer, many a free lunch found their way Ulillaid for into the Ilinch('d btol1ies of the strikers.

Across the al\('Y an ornate, three­story apartment house stands, in the old style. In the basement ot this house the strikers s lept at night--flnl on stone fioors----nt the friendly behut of the janitor. Even the alley haa meaning for the old-timers. The alley was a battle­field where wll~ClI mllny II lislic (,l1eoun­ter between lICabs and union men.

"What it took in tho!le days to build a uniol1 was guts," II. IIIclIIbcr of the younger generntion remnrked.

•• • • i n hig"Uniol1 PI'ogress in New York,"

President II. II. Bronch Kp('ak!l of lh(' modernization of the union IIt ructure. This wnll his and his IlsllOciaLes' work during those trying yenn from 1 !J26-1929. The rebuilding of Local Ullion No.3-its modernization-was done un· der the streSll of internal and external battles. The progress was IIwitt. and painful. Perhaps no ullitm .huulJ change so fast, but there waa no nlternative in Xcw York in thoae trying yenfl. '1'0 meet the issue, to preserve it.s('lf, the union hud to lrallsfvnn itself. That III hiatory. It is history in the proceSll of continuing. ThE' story of the modernh:atlon of the union !llructure goes on , though its ope ning nnd mnturing Ilhalel are com­pleted. The newellt chapter might be (,ntitled "The Story of the Moderniza­tion of the Union Plant." Thnt. is the chapter yOU lire now readine.

• • • In his ('huracteristically forceful fn!\h ­

ion, President. Broach spenh of the "llOrse and buggy dnys" or the union. !Ie refers to the period preceding mod­ernization, when the union was trying to carryon Ii $20.000,OOO-II-yellr busi­Ilc!'g with :l $10,000 organi7.nti(ln. One needs to be conscious of the!le com­)lnri!lol18, rich lind menninf,tful. Ju~t glancE' at the picture of the rllnked (,lIno

and mnll..ed executive field forces be­fore the new building, and recall that five )'cafl aJ!"o this splendid ortrHnization did not exisL 1l WIl... pre­ceded by a force of only five or six mell. It was nntednted by a .in~le-track organization. while now five or six trunk lines of endelivor head in to the central terminal .

Xf:XT. A R\I\I.L UOO~I U}:nINI) A MALOO~. AT 1'111110 A"~:SIll" Asn TW~:NTl' !U~V.:~TlI, WAS Till-:

11}'AOQUA RTEns

The reorganization of the union's business lire went forward in the old building at 130 E, 16th Street. Dut It Wtl ll only SIX months before It Willi

IlJlpllrent thnt the old building was inadequate. A new plnnt commensurate 111 modernity lind size tu the new organization was necessary. At. tbat. time,

rrf'~illent Broach and the local union manllgement began their Car-sighted planning Cor a new home. Money had to be painleSllly and equitably rai.sed. This plAnn.,.d invP!ltment. wa.'1 a part of the settled convictions and philosophy ot PreaidenL Broach. He had !;Cen too many local unions and central labor bodies overreach themselves in trying to finance buildings. The Inoney that bought 130 E. 25th Street was well in hand before the purchase was made. It was raised largely by levying a slight "inc-orne tax" on overtime earnings of membe~ fortunate enough to work over· time nt the preferred wage scale. The purchase wus not made until n thorough, still hunt throughout the city, la!;ting months, was made lor just. the right. huildil1Jo: un just the right site.

(Co"t!"u~d "" ]Iage 101)

Tin: lII'II.t)ISQ AT 130 1111'11 ST nt~I'lT 1'/lI! A I.o:-.-n TtME WAS AIH:QUATt: TO IlOna: 1'111,: nl'SI!'>I::SS Ot' Tilt: UN lOS.

70 The Joltntal of Blcctl"fcal Worke/"R (wd O]Jcmfon~ FebruanJ, 1931

Trad e Union Training In Philadelphia By j . W. CURR INDER. EducalionaIDlrec:lor. L. U. No. 98

THE writer realizell that (or many years Philadelphia has been looked upon by other parts or t.he I.'ountry

&li the "slow to ..... n, .. anli-union. the homl' of blue Inws, one-way st.reets and no left turns. It. is not the purpo~e or this article to discullS the opinion of othel"!! -justifiable or unfoumled-but. at least. I may divulge one o f our own. We sinceNlly believe that right now Local Union No. 98 is sponsoring the best schoo l of its kind in existence, and we invite tl'.') opportunity to Ilrov(' it. if you arc intet·csted. But perchance you may think we huvtl hecn bittcn by an infernnl c~o bug. Let me haRti ly add we are by no means 8nti8fied, and, I hope. nev(' r will be, tor com placency would be fatal.

At this time there arc more than 300 journl'yman and apprentiee mem­bers engaged in part-time trade t!X­

tension training. To those who know this will represent. a commendable pro­portion or the ent.ire membership. As for being s low, one yen r ago such a t hing was but a 8moldering idea. You are right. Neither the local union nor alft of its members arc enlirely re­sponsible for our educational aehiC\"t'­menu. Instead, we a re blessed with what might be termed "natural re­sources" in the way of public schools equipped to suit our needs, and school officials who sta nd ready to furnish ad­ditional IIssiHtllnce and equipment if the need is proved. As I have implied, OUt· !!C hoo l Is conducted under the joint su pervision of the local union Rnd the Department of School Extension, Board of Public Education. Each pa liy has taken upon il.llelt a dl'll nite duty to per­rorm. The school board furnishes the school, teachers and equipment; the union aU P Jlli e ~ the IItudenl.!!. This ar­rangement is carried on under the alUeement. t hnt each must hold up its end or the other will let go. The P hila­delphia I!C:hool !!Iyllte", has been conduel­ting a program of vocational education, in conjunction wi th gene ral education for t he past 25 yeaN<. We, Ill! an organ­ization. nre deriving the benefits of this ul'building program, both in material t hings at hand and bl' the knowledge and exper iClnce of the same men thnt have conduded and grown with it.

Proble m. F . ced

There would be no object or value in Writing such nn article u this, unless information i. furni shed a. to the methods used to gain what we have ac­co mplished so far, whnt problems were met. how they were overcome or mi~ht be avoided lin d whnt wo arc actua lly teaching. By so doing. perhaps r may ' inspire or lIuggc91 educntiolllil thoughts to some who are anticipating n traini.ng program. I hop(' to sec the time when

Remarkable progress in ra is ing c ra ft s ta nda rds recorde d by city of te xtiles, locomotive s. shipp ing, a nd t ransportation.

training. l UI worthinC!<l! ot puf'1JO~C certainly needs no diM: uss.ion today.

In December. 1929, the writel' was rl'quested by the exccuti. e boaI'd to Btt in its behalf in IIrnUlging a syste nl of tl"aining for our aPI)re nticell in I·unjunc_ tion wi t h the public Mchools. P1"I'ViOll ll to this. they had II ttempted to conduct what amounted to voluntary elu..."es ill our own building. with our own teacher. It is !!I uHicient to say that this wrut an expensive failure. An advisor)' com­mitlee of officers was requelted anti allPointed. An allprl'nticeship pilln watt written to govern our inte nded prog-rnm. approved by the board lind preMentl'd to the fl oor for adoption. This WIIS Im port­nnt, for to proceed with such a Ilrogram required absolute Il!!surance or support by the organization. No chanll:ClI were made in the plan as written. The chief function of this plan was to create eom­pulsory school atlendance on the part of ("'ery apprentice (all non-journeymen are cl llssified as allllrentices) . and to llrovide methods of udminiHtrntiOIl nnd enforcement. S lIaee will not Ilermit me to outline the de tails of this plnn. If interested, have your lIecretnry relluesl 8 printed CO lly.

Conr. r e nce. Preceded A c. t io n

After unofficial D!' .. ~urllnce of a~!liM I ­ance had been receivel! rrom school authorities. ml'etin~B were held bctween thl'lll and membe l·s of our commiltl'(' to Iny preli minary pla\l\! of just whllt our

boy~ were to be taught. Omcial ap­pro\'1I1 and appropriation werc obtained in due time at a regular monthly meet­ing of the Board or Education, author­izing the olleni ng on Saturday morning,; of .the Simon Gratz Senior High School. 18th and Hun ting Park Ave. Thus we find at our disposal a two million dollar sehool building and nlmost $50.000 worth or equipment.

Following the formnl authorization camt' the examining of applicants lind nPllointment of teacheMl. The examina­tion wn~ 0Jlen to anyone who could meet the stnndard qunliflcntions. In making tellching appointments, the Phil· adelphia IIchoo l system is not interested l!Olely in how large one's Atore of knowl. edge ill or hill ability to perform some complex piece of workmanship himself. RequiremenU!t usually take care or these. But they are gravely concerned w'th how well he can teach others what he dOes know. Those of you who may now or in the future be connected with ~ome plul!IC of vocational education I;hould give this serious thought, for t herein lies the secret of a successful program from a pedagogical standpoint. Teaching is a highly specializ.ed field of endeavor, separate (rom any other. There are ('&lies on record o( men recog­nized as experts in their line who have become miserable failure s upon attempt­ing to teach that same thing. On the othe r hand, I know exceptionally good tellchers who would starve to dellth in COm l1l:!tition with the good mechanic. Of course, this is not always true, or voca­tionlll teachers would be very sClirce.

Machine ry W .. Erect ed

While this official machinery was be­ing Rtirred into motion by the ed ucators. prior to the schoo l's opening, the largest job yet ellcountcred wall being con-

every loca l In the Brotherhood is con- r.n,\T7. S~:!, I('U II t(1ll ~('1I00 1,. l' III1.AnY-LI'IIiA WIIEIU: l: l.t:CT ItU'A I. AI'l'nF:!'TI('I:~ ducli ng 1I0me kind of auxilia ry trade G') TO SCIWOI.

February, 19tH The JOIn-nat of t:lecttic«l Workers and Operaturs

Entepprise Send, J50 Un;on/sl-s

to Spec/al Sfudy

ene of th.e jovineymen

cla.s~e:. l.n c.a.b1!! sphc~ng-an important phase of th~lr cTa[t.

J3clow- the. all1'veTlt"tce

class 1n eLectY'!.­cal dYd.fb-ng

at thaiy drawinf bo.,.-d,

j3,..,Lhe,- J. A R.owa~­

a:bove- teac.n lng d la .. -g~ a-p-prenhce class ~i"

t"Ca..!" technology at the G¥'a.t~ 5er"0.- U,~h Sc.hool -in Ph ilad.eh> hid

Joumeymen dnd. ap­pfentices dt WOl't\. in

the 14'bOo"dtory- a. bO\l~­where e1.ec,t-,"ica\ eQuip "tl\ent 1& analyzed.

71

72 The JOU1'nal 0/ Electrical Worker8 and Operators February, 1931

dueled by the local union, or to be more precise. if not modest, by certain inter­ested membcn of .said union. I apeak of apprenticeship and IIchool organiza­tion. This meanl the setting of an apprenticeship expi ration date for each individual. II consequent card rating,lhe asaignment of courses he was to take, and the making of a mosler teacher'. roster to provido these courses (or the entire group. This presented many problema and much detail work. It meant holding meetings, constructing mailing lists, index filea and records galore; postcard notices, (orm letters. que8tionnnire8~ and lIummonsca. Check, recheck and double check! A great deal of this work waa due to the most import­ant feature of orgnni2:ation-1l person.nl interview with each apprentice.

I t is a well known fact that before you can interview a person. you must first find him. And Local No. 98 had no better records to etart with than thE' average local in eimilar circumstances. We found we had the correct addrefl.S ot only about hair of the apprentices on our ftnancial records. The cause of this perhaplI was the fact that the great mnjor ity of this group were merely registered apprentices and not obliltnted memben of the Brotherhood. They. therefore, had no direct contact with the organization other than to pay duel! every three monthll. and there had been no occallion to notify them ot nnythin!t. T his might have been easily overcome in a IImall town . but really there are many placeR one might live, and move to. in the city of homell and mortgagell . MI. gra tion lIeemll to he quite the etyle with the younge r lIeL We finally completed thill round-up, and it ever you are faced with a lIimiiar duty you will have to de­vise your own methodll. And you'll need plenty of them. The 1I0lution is to start now to revise your members' addreu and employment records, and insillt on their being kept up-to-date.

F ace- to·Face T alk. Valuable

But why the interview'! Consider the problem. A fter the return of question­naires, we find we have 150 apprenticell to send to school to become good me­chanics and better citizenll. No two are exactly alike. Their ages range from 16 to 43. Their electrical experience is from recent bE'ginnen up to !!even yean with one to a dozen employers. T heir previoull education ends with the sixth grade with some, while others have entered college, attended evening schools or have taken correspondence courses. Almollt any combination of ca!le factors may be found. On the allotted basis of 20 students per teacher, the Kross num­ber limits us to seven teacheM!, who are to work but tour houn at the same time. Theoretically, each teacher should carry his proportionate share of the load. so as not to work a hardship on another. No oppallite extremes should be placed In the same group at the same time. if both are to be laultht satisfactorily. What eounell ot study shall we offer which will bellt meet t.he needs of this heterojtenClOus group1

These are the jumbled pieces of a ma_ chine which we must fit. together and make work. There being only two­members ot t he local on fuIl lime in the sl"hool project, J . A. Rowan and me, it naturaIly fell to ue to tackle the job.

Indiyidua l Head . Me t

The nellrest solution to such a prob­lem is through the medium or what is known as a "promotion by subjcct" school, with individual instruction, BO

fur as possible, within the classroom. This providC$ opportunity for a I!tudcnt to attend the coursE'S he is assigned or rostered to 8lI an individual, rather than as a member of a classified group. In other words, it is quite possible for him to be with an elementary group in one subject and the next hour be with an advanced group in another. This some­times presents difficulties in making a student's roster, should he happen to require two subjects that are taught only at the snme tinle. In this Calle, h e may be placed in a class "off grade" and the teacher requested to deal with him individually. This sYlltem also permits him to repeat a course he has fail ed and continue those pallsed. The larger the school, the more flexible it can be made.

This is the system we adopted. have been operating under and expect to continue. But to get it started!

Bearing in mind the allowable number ot teachers and the t ime, SI)JLce a nd equipment to be devoted to teaching, we tentatively selected the lIubjects thought best to fulfill the delli red purpose, and endeavored to provide each subject in nt least two grades. A larger number of grades is more desi rable where cir­cumstances permit their introduction. The final selection of subjects naturally determined the "brand" of teachers needed.

But what were we to do with Jobn Janel!. the prospective student, and all the olher would-be electricians! We did not know John Jones. H e was just a name on a paper, bearing his record­submitted by himself. This was usually incomplete with often a "wise crack" added, An opinion had to be formed . Opinions should be based on absolute facts. But when these are not at hand, nnother method is necessarily 8ubstl­tuted. Thus the personal interview.

Scholastic opinions were formed and aSllignment made by endeavoring to keep before us during each interview the thought: "What can we best do for this chap during the time we expect him to remain an apprentice! "

Some S tumbHlI1 Bloch

Interviews were conducted with all available records of the individual be­fore us. The length of time had first t o be determined; and then previous educa­tion, type and variety of experience, plus judgment of pe1'lOnal character is­tics, considered. Length of time was usually based on lhe unserved portion of a four-year period. But tTY to figure it out on that b8llis for one who should have been a journeyman two or thr ee years ago ! Then add to it the facts that

he II now of mature age with a wife and family, had left sehool the day hE' was old enough. and not very anxiou! to return for even par t time. However, he went-with all the other&--Iiklng it or not.

Subjects listed at the interview were considered all recommendations, to be ulled in the flnal Bummnry of student!' I)(' r subject. or course, a (ew changes had to be made to equalize classes, but we had borne this in mind in making our originnl recomntendation s. A master roster was built from the nppar ent need shown by the summary. covering the time and room number of each sub­ject and its grade. From this, the in· dividual roster of each student walt com pleted.

Tuitio n Virtua ll,. Free On the day the IIChool opened, March

I, 1930. each teacher wall furnished with a list of students who were to report to him for each hour, and every appren· tlce had in his possession a statement ot his apprentlcellhip rating, and a roster card telling where and when he wae Ul appear. Work was be~n immediate I)' following the customary school regilllra­tion. ClallleR were about equal in s ize.

In compliance with the regular rule~ of the Department of School Extens ion. each student ill required to deposit $1 regis tration tee, which III returned year­ly upon 75 per eent attendance. He al~o Imys the school board $2 per year "lab· oratory fee," which i. used to help pur­chase materials. This is the only money involved as instructional payment and In comparillon with the total expended is 11 mere gceture.

r hope I have not in terred that every student was present the first day IIChool opened. Such was not the cue. In fact. about 25 per cent were absent. Thf' nantCII of these individuals were re­turned- by the IIChool trom the enroll­ment sheela furnished by the local union. They apparently did not realizf we were s incere, so they were lIum­moned befor e the t!xeculive board lind convinced. Those who could not b ...

. eu.ily convinced were gotten rid of. A policy ot $t ftne for each unexcused absence W88 adopted (or the balance of the school term, endi ng June 20. This unexcused abaence conslilued one strike. with "three strikes, you're out." At· tendance Improved weekly, but even thiA sYAtem is not rigid enough. The> abBentee waR required to appear b r forE' the board. then consistlng of nine men . to explain. This ordeal generally had the desired effect; but it i.s a poor. friendless Individual with a brokendown story, who could not get at least one out ot nine to lIympathize and go to the bat fer him. But if ever you are in need ot an excuac tor not being BlIme­wbere wben you should have been, just drop us a line. We have learned some abllolutely new and original ones.

With the reopening ot school in Sep­tember, a new policy ot enforcement waa adopted and made to include late­ness, which had proved a detriment. The dollar fine wal changed to one day's BUS-

(Conllnuet! on 11ft" .. 108)

February, 1931 The Journal 0/ Electrical WQrkers and Operators 73

Labor Unions and Craftsmans~ip-Appraisal

IN the future the electri('ians' union of Milwaukee will guarantee the work done by its members; any job which

{uils to pass the in~pector wi!! be du;'rg",d back to thCl mlln who mndCl it.

This stipulation was included for the first time in the agreement which was recently renewed between the elec­tricians union nnd the I::lectrical Deal_ ers' and Contractors' Association of Milwaukee. Perhaps the union officials assumed responljibility for the skill of thei r members merely in order to serve the public and hnd nothing else in mind. However, the plnn su~gests unlimited IIOSsibilitirs as a direct, sensiblo nnd effective step in the struggle of organ­ized labor to make Jlrogress.

The workingman is one of our im­portaat probleme, and labor unlonll obviously play, or should play, an im­portant part. in t he effort to solve this problem. However, the observer, whether favornble to the unions, op­posed to them or disinterested. must be impressed by a vast futility in the strug­Ille of the unions with those who oppose them. as if two of the strongest footbnU teams in the country, playing before 120.000 people at Soldiers' Field, were to dill~ganllhe gual!! aLf:illlerend of the field nnd kicked, charged. passed, and I)lunged in a frantic effort to reach the two sidelines. Thi s futility must be largely the fnult or the unions. /!ince Lhey are the aggressors in the struggle and select the method of attaek.

Tn rp.cent years the labor organiza­tions have had splendid opportunitiell. One or the greatest of these opportun­itit!s has been u rapidly growing public !\entiment in their favor. Public opinion cannot be direclly measured, but most people will agree that the IIUblic attitude towurds organir.ed labor is more sym­pathetic than it was 10 years ago.

This change is the result of mnny facton;. Catholice have yielded in great numbers under the constnnt hammering of bishops, priests. and teachers on the right of workingmen to organize. as explained in Leo XlI I's Encyclical on "The Condition of the Workin."!' CIA !I.~p.~." Thousands who cannot be reached by the influence of the Catholic Church, at lea!lt not directly, have been converted f,y LJ'e Vrullagnndn of the many groups and organizations associated in the 110I)ular mind under the general teTTll Socialists. Legitimate, modest econo­mists and sociologists have studied the quel!tion and hnve reached and pub­lished their conclusion that the union ~ide of the question is the stronger. Many of those fol' whom fa shion has a ~lrong appeal have become supporters of organized labor because thc intellectuals have made the IIUpport of orJranized labor fRSh ionable. Of those who make their living by lecturing and writing, not a few were quick to sense the trend and lost no time climbing the wagon to add

By c. J. FREUND

UAmerica," uA Catholic Re~

view of the w eek," gives t his inc iaivt;! analysis of the contrad be tween Milwaukee electrical workers and e mployers, This is published with p ermission from "America"_

their very conside rable drumming and tooting to the gcncl'ul blare.

U nion. Not Alert

Have the unions becn alert? Have thcy taken adVAntage of the situation? Have they rushed forwftrd on the crest of t he wave of public favor? They have not. There may huvl! been exceptions here and there, but on the whole they have hesitated, to say the least. And the public has been a little surprised , just as you are surprised when you hold the door open for your friend and thl!n find that he has changed hill mind and is not following you.

lt would require an extensive study to determine or even to estimate all thc reasons why the labor organizutions have made less progress than they milfht have; to point out one of the foremost of thcse reasonl requires no study nt all. Apparently the unions do noL care much whether or not their members nrc skillful workmen. Surely. standards of workmanship ought to be one of the

A~rlno\TION'

funda mental concerns of any trftde union.

Enthusiasts frequently compare the modern labor unions with the medieval guilds. In Gome rC!lPectll the comllnri_ son may be justified, but the unions have nothing that. corresponds to the out­standing feature of the guilds. namely. their jealous mnlntenance of standards of craftsmanship. No deeper disgrace could come upon a guild than a reputa­tion for luck of skill. It was the pride of the guilds that they protected the public against inferior workmanship. The young Illan who desired to become :m artisan had to ~erve as npprentice for many years. Thereupon he was exam­ined by a board of critical guild mem­bers with whom the standing of the guild was paramOUI1t.. Afl"'r 11 IUllg journeymanship, his masterpiece wall l)8ssed upon by a committee of masters selected for their full understanding and appreciation or the traditions of the guild. The principal claim of the iron­worker, the mason, the weaver, and the t.Anner to lJuilrl mrmher.>hip walt the clnss of wo rk he prod uced.

Skill MOlt In.porla nl

The prineipnl clAim to union member­ship seems to be the payment of dues, although some kind of employment in the industl"Y involved is undoubtedly a requirement. Trade quallllcations have little or nothing to do \~th it; you or J or anybody could become a member of most uniom. Our employer might dis­cover our incompetence but the union officials never would.

At times thie carelessness leads to extremes. Some years sgo 1 liv(,l\ 1M a time in a city in which the trades were or~nized, and r took my meals in a boarding house frequented largely by ulliun carl'(:lltOf!. UnusUfl.l buildinlt' activity developed and carpenters were in sharp demand. Many of these men sent into the country (or younger broth­ers, 8C\'enteen nnd cighteen years old, and these boys purchased a set of tooll., took out a union cllrd and wcnt to work as union carpentcrs.

"But these young fellows don't know nny more about bUilding than they have learned around their father's farms," T protested to one of the older mcn.

"Of course not." "Won't the foreman discharge them

for lack of skill? " "Let them try It, just once," the mlln

replied while he and others stnnding about laughed signi ficantly.

Under conditions as they exist today in the commercial and industrial world. no organizfl.Uon will flourish in which all thou~ht, all energy. nil study. all pians nnd nil work arf' drvot.rd 1.0 it~elf and illl mcmber!!. Success under present condi­tions requires that the advantage of client, customer, patron or employer be

I!""nltnuffl (In I"ftl:~ ,n' l •

74 TIll' Jonr'llal 0/ Elccll-ical Irorkel's and Operators Peb,.uary. 19J1

Indianapolis

T HE city of Indianapolis has just completed ita municipal airport. and the field will be thrown open tl)

air t.raflic in the ncar future. All thl\t remains to be done is the installation of the electrical work, which will be com­plct.ed by organized labot, it has been announced.

The policy of the cit.y fllthers to "build a good one while we are at it" has given Indianapolis one or the most modern and complete airports in the United States. Indianapolis' place in the world oC air transportation has ICrown in importance lately and wiLh the provision of this new terminal the ci ty's future as an Kir center scems allSured.

Lights Modern By CHARLES LUTZ. L. U. No. 481

The Hoosier State be gins to wa ke to the p r ofit in e mploying union la bor_

pOI·t and fmmediately ~ou th of the ,'ail· road aud iruction line hllS been set aside for industrial sites,

Many safety Ilrel'autioM have been taken in the construction of the field and its approaches. f\ll tree!! O\'er 60 feet in height ha\'e been CUI tlown lind

One of (he outatanding featurea of the main building is the plan devised for handling automobile traffic. A ramp ha~ been built into the basement of the struc~ure so that passengers may be dis­charged at the foot of n IItairway leading to the fie ld.

T h .. Faint .. .t Light a Huma n Ey .. Can

s •• The faintest light that a human ey

can see has been computed by M.r. A K. Das, of the Alipore Observatory, Calculia, Intli:l, who reports his result

Through the ef­forts of Mayor Reg­inald H. Sullivan. the city council and members oC the board of public work&-E. Kirk Mc­Kinney, presidtmt; Louis C. Brandt and Charles O. Britton --<lrganized I abo r was used through­out the job at the ai r port during the construction. EYen when an ou~tate

contractor had the low bid on the con­struction of the con­crete runways, the boa r d r efused to gra nt the contract until a stipulat ion was inserted in the contract saying that organized labor had

to the Americiln Physical Society, J.:xprClISed in tech· nieal units it turn¥. out to be about three millimicro-lux j

about equivalent to the light from an ordinary candle two miles away through perfectly transpar­ent! space. Probably no human be i n g evcr saw a candle flame so far away all t his for the air ill never perfectly transparent, and this is not the WRy

that Mr. Das made his calculation. In_ stead he used the light from the stars, comlluting the dis­t ance and bright-­ness of stars which the avorage humnn eye can just per­ceive without a tele­~o.l)e or any other

TIIHI MonEltN ,\IH I 'OWI' 'r"'iO:~ rAIt~l 0 ... ~:ASlT Wt~~T ANP NOII T II 80111'U TII .... ~· ... !(', !NPIANAi'OI. 18 II .... S L~;D ~'OU \'~:AIIS IN 1L\ I I.ItOAn. IN'n:umUlAN .. a .E(,'ruu·. AI-TIl

~I OHII.~: """'Il :-oow ,H:lU ,\I . ·!' II ,n 't·W. artificial aid. These faintest naked-eye stars are classed by astronomers as of the s ixth magnitude. the brightest stars like S irius or Vega being of the first magnitude. For some of the star s which seem as faint as the sixth magnitude the distances a re known and thus their real br ightnells can be computed. This pe rmits computation of the candlepower of the light which such a star is emitting. Fo r nearby stars like the sun the ratios between candlepower. visibility and other phYllical or physio­logical characteristics of the star's light aN! known and it i9 probable that simi­lar relationships hold for the distant stars which are only just visible. Thu ~

the figure is computed for the smallest nmount of light that n normal humAn eye can see, whethe r it be from a star billions of billions of miles away or from n candle close at hand,

to be used on the job. Indianapolis is on the main line of the

"middle" tran5eontinental air mail and passenger route operated by the Trans­continental and Western Air. Inc. When the company starts to use the field the E mbry-Riddle line wh ich Cllrries mail and passengers between Cincinnati and Chicago also will start operations at the new base in order to connect with the cross-country air liners.

Slightly more than ,700,000 was spent by Indianapolis in buying and equipping the airport site. The field consists of 947 acres and is situated sbout seven mile!! from Monument Cir­cle, the heart of the business district, I t ia easily reached in 20 minu tes by motor ,

The site, especially !luited for nirport purposes, was purchased QutriA:ht. I t is located adjacent to the main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad and a traction line and on the National road, so that the field can be reached either by train or auto.. A 100-acre tract iMide the

in the direction of the prevailing west wind a lane 500 feet wide has been cut through u grove of trees on the western edge of the field, Back of the large administ ration building a G5-acre t ract of lund has been reserved for pUl'kiug nutomobiles.

Co nve n ie nce. Fo r P a .. cn, .. rt

Three concrete rUl\wuys have been constructed and the remainder of the tract has been graded And seeded, Two of the runways are 2.000 feel in length, and the third is 1,100 feet. In addition a wide llaved apron and runway has been constructed at the Approach to the administration building and hangars.

An nltructive administration building houses ticket offices, weather bureau, lunchroom~. etc. A gJusa tower stands on top of the building and here are located the switches controlling the airport's lighting systenl. They are operated by an attemlant who has a full view of the field, The lighting system will not be completely inalalled be fore apring.

I 10"'''' childr"'n. Th",y do not prattle of y"'~lerda)': their Intcreu. lire all of tods)' and the tomorrow..-' love ('hild~n,-Rith· ard Mlln lf\('ld,

f'ebnw,ry, 1991 The JOUJlI'.lI of 1~~I('cI/"ic(l1 lVorkers and OpeJ'atuJ"~ 75

World's Great Beacon Burns With Union Aid

W [-fEN the sun drops behind :.he towering skyline of Mich igan A,.e­nue the shades of I\i~ht d('epen in

the east above Lake Michigan, ami UP011

the crowded, noisy life of Chil'agn, ('Veil­

ing gradually falls. In the sky can be Sl'lln the pure, clear beam of the world's brightest man-mllde light, II weelling at regular inlervahs in a wide circle high above the colorful, illuminated heads of the modern skyscrapers, which stand with their beauty of linc and form, like IItntely Queens arrayed in theIr Jcwels of light. This ~igantic benm of liitht is the Lindbergh Beacon. Its purpose is to r,niliP. t.he flyers through th .... dal·knells of the night to Chicago.

This manuiactul"ed star i8 on(' of the latest lighting contributions of the scien­tific world. It is located on a buildinlt. which is the central office of the Colgate­I>almolive- Peet Company. Thill office building, which is a splendid achievement in engineering and construction, WIUS

built by union labor, and it stands as. a si lent, majestic monument to the "School­Kirl Complexion".

This aviation beacon is a product of the innermost geniue of th l! late Dr. Elmer A. Sperr~', founder of the Sperry GyrOllcopt! Company, who hns devot.('{1 fl O years to the rescarch and development of the beacon light.

hn;la l., . th., Sun

When Dr. Sperry hCllrd of Chiettgo'!! plan to ereet n fitting tribute to the famou ll flight of Colonel Lindbergh, he built this light of special design, and pre­sented it to the city of Chicago. It is believed that the elTort to carryon this tirl'lP.~1'I researeh work was inspired in this inventor by the J(reatel<t natural source of light thnt ever exi!!led-the IIUn.

Dr. }o'rank E. Hartman, furnishes us with some very interesting information on th .... development of this bencon light. About !}O years ago, when Dr. Silerry was a youthful Inventor, hI! Luill iLi .;; first beacon light. Thi!! ell:'Ctr ic beacon was composed of 20 fll·C lights, whi("h formed n eircle about 30 feet in diame­tcr; 40,000 candle power Wll.ll the amount of light that it wns e'Ulub1(' of deliverin'!. Its radiance was vis im(' a! one-hulf mile distllnce in clear wput,hpr,

As time went on Dr. Sperry became lIIore Camiliar with the ('ha rllderietics of carbon urc lights. H(' l('nrn('{1 thnt in IHI (ordinary ('arbon are light ull of the light came from the surfac(' of the till of th(' positive cal·belll. Curbon yo­lutilizee at a tempcruture of ubout 3,000 degl·ces centIgrade, und furni shes u max­imum light intensity of 160 cllndlClpowcr per squarc millimeter. Any utU.'mpt to increase til{' tempernture ooyond thi~ point, by increasing the curr(>111 pUSll ing through the are, simply resulted in V(1-

hHilizing the carbon mo~ rllpidly .... ithout increllsing the intrins'c brilliancy. Since

By H. W_ MAHER, L. U. 134 , Chicago

Genius of Sperry built Chi­cago's Lindbergh light, now maintl\ined by the skill of union electricians. Greatest beacon minutely described,

• (.\bn,·, I

('III: 1',\ " ~10I" '1·: HI 11,1 " , \; \T -':WII1·

TI ... "hilt· ~1"'Rk "" ,I". I",,..,r h-rt .~ lll.·hl. ;:"un All·"".'. '1"1,,· 1,1t·,,, ... , "11M ft ,1",(, '·ltl'n~"r" ,w,1 ~" ,I,,· ",""dlll'"1>'S ,,( \ 1", I".~"I"):' u,,''' ~ 11"' roo 1",-1"",',1 I" 11>~ 1''''''''.

IAI rl~hl)

TIll-: MJo:.' "·11" 'I.ID:-"AI:'" ·1' ln: 11 1:.,, ·,, :0;.

T')I' r",,". 1,.(, , .. .1,,1,1. I'd,·,· 1·'IIh! , ( 'h"rk~ 1,,,,1,.. 11"11",,, .,,1\" "·1, ,,, rl"hl· I., ,,,II,, .I"h,,~"". Cllrrord [,111"1.- III ftT<' ""',,,I"· r~ ,,( 1 ..... ·"1 ,,,. I;U. I 1\ ~: W

it wall. known that carbon could obtai n the higiJdt possible degree of in(' ftn dNl· cence of any solid, und still not gll·e forth 0 brillinnc:y greate l· than 160 ('lIn­dJepower, it bC:C1UIIC ev ident thut son\('­thing other l.han solid s brought to In­

candescence would be necessary if on intrinsic brilli llilcy of lGO candlepow('r per square mi\lim!;le r was to be exc{'C(l ... d.

1( ·""(1",,.-,1 "" I'n~,· l\t~1

76 The Jounral of Electrical Workers and Operators February, 1931

Radio Man's Job Pu t Under Clinic Rays

THIS article is being written for the purpolle of obtaining the co-opera­tion of progrel5llive members re­

gardless or their capacity in our organ­ization in pladng in the hands of radio broadcast operato~ throughout the country some vital informalion regard­ing the future or their profeuion.

As regards the co-operation on your part it is ai n1lllicity it.l!eJr. I know YOII Itrc interested in rudio tlnd maybe you have never had the inner complications ot n brondcn~t atation eXlllained to you­here is your chanee. Take this copy of the JOURNAl., murk this article, hie yourself to the nearest broadcasting atation, look (or the worried looking young man who appears to be operating the gadgets, ask him to show you around, and whether or not he does, you place this magazine in his handl and lay, "Rere's something Ihould interest you." Thanks: aud now a word about radio which I si ncerely hope will sow the needs for a better un­derstandi.tlg or these radio men who for the most part have absolutely no concep. tion of the advantages of organization.

Radio is quite a vast field considering all its branches, communieations on land and sea and in the air-tong and short. waves - television - broadcasting -the latter branch reaching almost ever)' citizen, serving directly over 50,000,000 people in this country alone, or about hal l the population. Think what a ne­mendous influence broadcllsting repre­Rents ill the lives of 110 many people, cateri ng as it doe9 to thei r spiritual uplift and physical weUnte and affecting thei r intellectual Ilnd emotional lives.

Naturally, we are a ll prone to think of broadcasting in terms of this influence on our lives, and lince this inftuence is 80 great we are apt to revel in the thought ol radio and ourselves rather than radio and those who are making it possible, (or instance the engineering staff-the radio operators.

Senice By Sacrifice

The operator on the job is the man who ensures continuity of lervice level and quality of transmiuion-m;inlen. ance of equlpment..--the man who con· trois the electrical nervel of the broad­casting .tation-a bundle or nerves him. self. Without his constant attention the best. program on the air would not. be pleasing to the listening public.

The radio man has the reputation of being a queer bird and sometimes is even. accused of being etrenlinate owing to hIS manner of address when dealing with the studio talent, but lot one mis-­guided announcer jolt n micrOllhone 01'

mnke a mis-switch and ono might be readily convinced that the radio opera­tor has no lace on his B. V. D's. I sometimes think that the radio mar rather enjoys being misunderstood an.1 feels superior about. It-though con­sidering the torturesome nature of his daily It"rind, with all its routine grief, the

By ONE OF THEM

Expert examines new profe.­.ion, and sho ws the need of rising to the dignity of professional pro­tection. Company school. Rood country w ith ill _ e qui p p e d operaton.

weekly pay onvelope lenves hinl little to fool superior about. 1I0 needs your sympathy. Looked down upon by all and lIundry, tied down to a few slluare feet of floor space, harassed by a thou­sand different little annoying duties. the close application to his job develops within him a peculiar inferiority com­plex. Is he ever introduced to IIOmcone as Mr. Sparks from the big radio station he will coyly admit that he is "only one of the operators." Why the shrinkinl/: violet stuff! Is radio operating not an honorable profe88ion necessitating much study and c lose application!

I can. think of no other pro[e!ll'lion wherein a man is called upon to hold and perform so many duties simultaneously. One slip and the wide world knows it, the bo88 hears it. the boss comments upon it and is further irritated by the telephone complaints from the sulTerinjt public.

Hippe d o n P,ofe"iona li . m

know that many copies of t hig Issue of our JOURNAL are going to find their way into the hands of many radio 0ller­stors throughout this country and Can­ada who will smile cynically lind mUI·· mur something about our prolellion be· ing just. a cut above labor organbations ns they lay the magazine aside. To thel'tC shortsighted Brot.hers 1 would reo spectfu lly draw attention to that digni· fied labor organization for the existence of which we should all be thankrul by reason of the fact that it. keeps up the ltandard ot: qUlllifleation for those edu­cated gent.k!men who minister to our needs in times of sicknel5--the medic-a I association!

The R. C. A. school in Chicago hilS at the present moment 225 studenta en­rolled and will throw 35 graduates on the Chicago market in February and In an­other three months, if these young men Itay in the vicinity, there will be two men for every radio operator'l job in Chicago. Smile these fn~ts off, friends!

You are sitting idly by wutching the world go round und the rnnk!! of the profession you have chosen ure bclng Ilo~dcd with hnlf-baked find poo l'ly­tramed young operators willing to work for next to nothing in order to acquirl' experience-at your eXI'e nse.

Our organization can be conducted with all the dignity or decorum of any other association ol educated men. Strikes, or other forms of violent acthn

need not have any place in our plans, plans that will place radio operating as a llrofession in the high place it deservel in the &eale of occupations.

Oraani"ation Work Coe. F orward

At the present time organization activit.ies nre confined to the operAting and engineering personnel of broadCAst­ing stntions and studios, but even now the memb(! rs of the many lind various branches of the radio IIrt are wnking up to the fuct that this is a doy and age of concerted effort and collective intelli· gence, lind coming to a Ilainful renlil:a· tion or the fact that as individuals they Are practically helpless to bargain sue· ee~fully in connection with the wages delured or to which t.hey believe them· selves entitled.

One of the greatest obstat:les to be overcome before the radio broadcal l operator can hope for A snlOolh working organi:llItion is occasioned by the cut· throat altitude displayed between broad­casting station managements in their strife for local advertising lupremacy or their fight for frequency, power and time Im'olving the Federal Radio Com­mission: but such is the "esprit de corps" of ·the radio man that tbis atti. tude ill reflected in himse.lf toward all and sundry who muy be misguided enough to work at the rival stations. Thus we find operators in almost every locality acting like unacquainted bob cats tOWArds each other. My advice a.s a first step is to meet an operator from II rival s tation off the job and you will find as fine a fe llow as you are yourselI!

Radio broadcast men are being brought together slowly but. quietly and surely to foml little groups in their own localities as at SL Louis where they elect their own officera, conduct their own atrairs, and present their problems to the local busineu agent who co· operates in every way, meeting employ. ers, settling controversies and acting 8S referee when such occasions arise. Later as the movement spreads it is planned to have severn l locals each covering much the lame territory as the U. S. Radio districts, supervised by a radio man who speaks your own language and under­stand. your prolllhms. This i.s a radio operators organization such as many of the old timers have dreamed about in the pasl Get into it, forget that. occu­pational weakness of yours--timidity­talk it over with the boys at other sta· tions, but above all get into it und run it the wily you want it run. You can ha~e. nl! the additional dope you want by wrltmg to Ha(lio Dept., 1200 "~iftcenlh Street, N. W., Washington, D. C., and should yOU find nIter talking to a few of the operators in your locality that a lit­tle sociable mooting at regular Ileriodl il necessary or d"sirable I'U be more than glad to oil up the old bUI and get in among them as rapidly as possible.

February, 1931 The Journal o[ Elt'd rical Workers and Operators 77

Old Friend Unequal Distribution of Wealth

FOR a period ot neurly II decade before the Great War public opinion was marshalled aguinst the unequal dill­

tribution of wealth in the United Statell. This sentiment cu lminated, it may lx­said, in the invelltigations and rel)()rt or President Wilson'lI C:ommi!!liion on In­dustrial Relalions. Then the war drowl\('d out these problems, but lifter the lK'ace, the agitation flared up agnin, only 10 be >tu i.>III'at:'oo in Coolidge prosperity. Th(' answer to the critic's remark that "2 per eent of the population owned 60 per cent of the wealth" 1'.'88, "Well, the redililri­bulion is being made In increUII!!d wuges," Real wagtls did rill!!. Bul only for II time, Ilnd not fast enough to tuke cllre of tI\{' plethora o{ goods produced by 1IIlIchit1(' processes. Now again tht! choru!! of social protelit alleend II10ft, denouncing the increasing list of millionaires, und the widenin!;:' 1-,"311 between the c\ftSlJel

A conference held by the Protestant, Catholic and Jewish Churches of Amer_ ica, in Washington, in January, on the general topic, " Pernlllncnl i>n,"clltHtiv(> .• of UnempioYlnent," stressed the unequal distribution of wealth aa a {actor in the depression. Dr. Arthur E. SulTern, re­&carch dir<!Ctor, "'ederal Council of Churches, quoted Frnnk Vanderlip, ror· mer president Nllliouni City Blink, 118

!ltrik ing t.hl' kl'ynnte of hia own uddrcAs:

"Cupital kellt WO much, II.nd lll.bor did not have enough to buy its ~ha re of thingll. • • • But. when we get the proper dh'ision of the re­sulta of t<!Chnological achievementa, I belie\'C we will have employnlent (or ('vl'ryhody and 11 hilrher standard of living."

Dr. SulTern then forcibly Ilrcscnted fncts to lIullport this anll.l)'a:1I of Mr, VHnderlip.

Million .i re. Mount

"T he bankcr's jud,,"'lcnt is borne out b)' the cenaus of manufacturers nnd by income tnx II tati stics. When the v",lue of the product per worker increases 2,1 per cent Rnd wng!.'s 1 lll'r ~f'nl, the work­er is not. only COn\'jnced that he ill nol ",,.eUing a fair ahare of the increue but he tells the bu"iness man that the more that sort of thing jtOCs on throughout the <!Conomic system the less the workers are able to buy back the products of the system. If the worker ne!!(hl further evi· dence to support hili l}Osition he find" It in the income tax stntistica which show the rate at which hlrKe wenlth heullH into the hands of those hnving surplus income ubove the nece~siUes of liCe lind in mllny (.'nse~ even nbove thc wildellt imaginable expenditures on luxuries.

" "~or example, in 1028, 15,977 l)I'r!lOn~ having an income of $ 100,000 and oyer hnd a total income of $4,007,683,014, or an a mount equal to 11).1'; per cent or the total wages ($32,235,000,000) paid 27,-208,000 employees in all industril'l. The average yearly wage of the workers wa, about $1,200 while the avera,«, iDcome.J

Lag in earnings of workers, con· centraliull of grea ter sums in up· per brackets of income taxpayers, a costly, prolonged deprel8ion c alls attention again to th e great gaps between rich and poor in this democratic country. Con· fe rence held by Federal Council ;)f Churches.

the 15,077 persons hav ing $100,000 Ilnd over wa~ $;l12,805, Thc average income of those hnving $5,000,000 and over /I

year Willi, e\'en after paying Luxell, ,n,-2nO,4i7, which makes a n income of $1,-000,000 a year lock rather modeJI. And to thm!e who had something above a "011-

fortable living something more was gwcn to an astonishing degrf'e in thia ('U!lt',

The number of those who had incomE'lI o( $5,000 and over ~If'adily inc reased ""-... tween 1922 and 1028, Net only has the number of persons in each income class above $5,000 increased in every instance lJut the }>Cr.:entages of increase steadily increascd in the ascending order of in­come. ror eXllm ple, the number of per­~0118 huvin" $5,000 (ll1d under $10,000 inCrel,!\cd 60 per ccnt betwcen 1922 lind 1!'l28, those hllving' $10,000 and under $2!J,OOO increaM'd 79 per cent and so on UI) to those ha\'in.l/: $1,000,000 and over whoM' numbers increased 662 per cent. It begins to look as though both the banker and the wage worker are right.--­wh!:'n eupi~11 keeps too much labor dof'~ not hllv(' I'nough to buy ita shure of thinl/:!<,"

\I!TIU-II E. !-;t'FFl:U' H""' ..... h IlLr"'('lnr I-· .... IH .. I CouDcll of ('hu",b"-

Re\'. II nr r)' F. Ward, another IIl,clIker on the Ilrogrnm, declared thnt no rt!UI fIOlution of Unemilloymen t could be found without a ttention to this prolJlclIl uf UIL ­

fair distribution of income. Dr. Johu A, Ryan, church stntellllUIII,

reiternted his ('ontention tlmt h'bor IIhou ld ha\'c the first clai m UI);)n industry, and lltartled hi!! hearerll by demanding that the /o:Ovl'rnment set .tlide at once S5,OOO,ooo,000 ror public works.

J ohn P. "'rey, representing labor, bore down, too, upon the diserepnncy in incomes:

"Are we to nSllU1lle that. increnni ng thc nation's wcalth lends to crente unem­ployment !lnd stugnation of busi ness! Are we to believe thllt the inCl'easing Il ro­ducti\'eness ot our farms, n<!Cessl tlltcs the application of charity to keep many farmers from starvation? Are we to be­lieve thnt increalling the wage carner's capacity to produce, must result in in­crensing the number per manentl)' un­employed?

Oi.I"bution . 1 Fault

" It we are to believe these things, It will be because of our failure to under­sta nd the principlll cause of our present economic unbalance, the failure to distrib­ute the wealth crellted by indust ry and commerce so that th!! muSS of the people can mnke UHe ot the ubUmj ullCC ur guutl ,. produced, III other words, '1'c 1IIUllt in­terpret the Ilresent industrial depression by comparing the amount of wages paid to the new wealth created by industry.

" I t will then be found that pr imarily industry is stnggering, a nd an army of unemployNI art' rlamoring for work be­cause industry and comm!!rce, pnrtieu­la rly sincc the war, have been paying wages which we re economically unsound, The wage ratea have been too low."

He said shorter hours and higher wagea would nid.

('.eorge Sou l!!, editor of tho New He­public, suggested ways of meeting the Ilroblem.

"As a L'emcdy for presentconditioll~ wc might hav!! a nntional board of invest­ment, which would attempt to regulnte intelligently the saving nnd in\'elltment of capital both by prh'ate perllOns and the Gon'rnm"nt, murh a<t Ihe Fede ral Reser\'e Syatem is now supposed to regu­lute commercial banking.

"What I would emphnsi7,c nbout nil lIuch pieces ot mnehinery is thnt they do not promise a prompt remedy for nil of our trouble~, but merely a wny of start· ing to build up the knowledJ{e und the 'nstrumentll without which we cannot even attempt planning aml cont rol on a ~umciently large !«:lIle."

Senator Hob<.>rt F. WagnC!r. of New York, spoke of control o( unemployment thro\lgh the accumulation of aeeurnte in­formation, long range of Jlublic works, and Ihe t"stablh'hmt'nt of fP_'W'r\'l'lI.

";dward Eyre l1unl, Dnnl('1 J. Meller­"le, OItO F. l lellink, and Rabbi Edward L. h~rael contributed to the program

7.< The .JQurnal oll~'lect1"icnl lI'orkas alld Op('/'(Ilo,.;{

SECRETARY SUBMITS REFERENDUM

Copy o ( commu n ication A.

d .• ,..lched by Sec r e I " r )' BUl n i.~flt, to.1I 10cA ' U":O"", wi t h appro ... 1 of Internat ionll l E. fI c ui i v e Council.

TO ALL LOCA L UN IONS, GREETINGS: January 30, 1931.

As provided by Article XXX, Sec tion I. und t he various subdivisions thereof, I am submitting to you n propo9HI to amend the Constitut ion as it r!'lales to Article II , Section 1 in regard to the hold ing of the International convention, and Article X. Section I as it rclnle~ to thnt porlion of the 1)I:> r ca pitn ac t IIs idc for the convention fund.

The required number of local unions, IIpccHl(>d in Article XXX, Section I of the Constitution, which nre five-no two (rom the same stnte-hllv(, filed pctit:ons, of which I give below the number and locntion of only the first six. T ll ki ng thcm in numerical ol"(lcr, they arc-

L. \1. 1.(\('ltion !I I'hluloCO. III

w·, ,II'''''')' ('It)', ~ J.

I •. U. 1,\X".IIOll 3(111 Akron. Ohio :s:r2 Tro)" Ioi \"

I.. I' l.,o('~llon 1~1' \1II .. lukf"l'. WIJJ. ""'I ~lllln(' ... on~. )lInn.

In eddit iJII to these, petitions re lating to the que~tion have bl!en received from a large numht! r of other lo.:::alj!;, IlII wrll a8 lIeveral hundred communic3tions from local union~, urginK that the Interna. tional Executive Council consider this matter lind Rubmit the question to reCerendum vote.

'('"is pr ,po~ition was submitted to the Executive Council as per Artiele IX, Section 1. for tht'ir cons;deration, lind they have voted unanimoull ly, approving it. for l ubmiSliion to the membership for their vote.

The hundrt'dl of communicatione received from local unione let forth in eubstance the flJl1owin~ reasons fOI" deferring the convention:

That on acrount of the extremely serious busi ness depression, if a convention werc hcld this ),eRr R vcr)' ins iR'llifl.cnnt number of locals at m08t would attend the convention, representing probahly not in exeeS!! of 16 to 20 per cent of the entire membenhip, as practically all local un ions advise UI that the funds they have nrc being used for the purpose ot relie\'in~ to the fullest @xtent pOS!!iblt' tholM! memben and l heir families who are unemployed, which unemployment extend~ in man), cases over a pcriod of seven or eight months;

That the money they would uge to dt'frny the expensc of a dele~ate to the co nvention could be better uged by the local in providing relief eu, h aa food, shelter and clothing, to impoverished and needy member.: and

That the money which the International would use incidental to the convention could, under the provision. of the Ilropolled amendments if adopted, be transferred to the Gelleral Fund to be u~ed in organbmtion work and in advancing the interests of the Brothe rhood, which is n very imllOrtant mattel· under presell t. condition~.

It ill only IlrOllCr that the International Ofllee rs should limit their commellt concerning this matter to a conden~ed analy~i~ of the expressions received from the various local unioll!l; therefore we arc forwa rding offi cia l ballots for the use of t~e members in voting; al.o official return sheetll. which must be fllt ed out by the judges ulld tellerfl, and the seal of the local union affixed.

(Note: Art. XXX. Sel'. I, par. (I) of the Constitution provides that L. U's. may cnst the vote of their membeuhip if they so decide.)

While the Constitution gives local unione 60 days in which to conclude their balloting, U is highly important-and repr eBents courteous cOllsiderat ion to our Canadian locals, particularly to t hose in the City of Toronto-that the returns on this \'ote should be made juel a8 promptly as is possible, as the l'onv('lltion committee in the City of TorOnlo, ever "ince that c ity Wag selected as the next convention city, have been diligently at work making arrangemcnts for the entertain­ment and comfort of the delegates who would nU end the convention, and they arc awaiting the results of thia referendu m 1\0 as to determine if the)' are to proceed and mllke their arrangements for the year 193 1 or 1933.

Thererore, the only com ment that the Interllationa l Office make!! concetn il1lt the matter is that nil local unions, just 11.8 promptly ns po~sibl(', forward re t urns on thi !! referendum, so that t he results of the referendum can be promptly conveyed to the Canadian membership. particularly to tho~e com prisi ng the Toronto local union~ .

The foll owi ng local unio ns hll\'e submi tted petitions ror th.js referendum to date or goinlt ,. press :

I .. ' · 1.('0('1111"" , , 1 ,~lIlIon , , I ,''''~II"" .. , 1 ....... llon , "' ...... Yorlr. , '" '" ",·r~(',. Ctly, , J ~, ., \llh ... ulrM'. Wls "" ('h'.·ul'l" III.

" '·hklllto. '" :'\1M ,\ 1{."a, Obi" ~~l" n.II .. III~. '" "I'. ""'''- \"or". ,. Y ," "'(' ... York. , , ~11 lIunllnl::lon. w \' .. ."., l 'orl~n'''''lh. Ohio "" \l tnn".IIOII~. :l11"n

I:\~ ("hl .. u:o. '" ~1'2 Tffl)" ~. Y C~ Tul .... Ulrlft "" I'll I 'lul. )I ton. IU 1101'1;; 1 ~I~n,1 '" I:';' ""rlo..-npltl. '" :-I~ '·hI".11O. '" f11~ ("1<· .. "I~n,l. ObI(.

lilt ""Iah"",. CiI)·. o)kl~

The cloainR' date for return<; to be in the Intrrllntionnl Ofllce on these questions i8 April 1. 19:11.

With be~t wi>lhc>l. 1 Rm

International $ecreta r )· .

.

F'ebl'/wt'!I, /991 Thc Journa l of Elect)'ical I Vo1'krr.~ awl OP(,l'Ut(})',~

79

F rance-Germany Have Economic Councils By LI:::W I's L. LOR WI N, Author " Lebor and International/3m"

N E.ITHER in (;f'rmany lIor in l"l'anc(' is there IIny real opposition to the National Economic Coullcil" at lhe

preRent timl' except fl'om the cummlll!­illt!!, They regard thec<e councilM :. ~ in­struments of class collaborallOn, and have denounced them from that point of view. The criticisms which lire now cur-1'(lIlt in France und Germany 11 1'1' largely eoncerned wilh the question of the further extension of the powers of the councils and with certain changes in their organi].!\tion. I~or instance, in Germany the trade unions denmllCl thnl thel'e should be .district e~onomic coun­dill liS a bllf,is upon which the Nalion,,1 I~conomic ('ouncil should be built. The extreme nutionalists in hoth countl'ieB li re in favor of extending the power.~ of the economic council, CVt'1I I" the elCtent of I;'iving it legislative power.

0 0 l mpulu of Labor

.", W hat liall been. 1lI'U(lIIi:td labor'lI Clttitlwe to the rrellth (/lId Gf'rmllll 1JI(I!I~ ?

Il is clenl' from the story a~ told in the Ilnswers to !lrevioul questlon~ that the National Economic CouncillJ in Fl'ilnce and in Germany urc almOl'll entirely the I'csult or thl' initiaUve and aj.l;itat.ion or the trade un ions. Orgun;'"cd 111\)0 1' mny be said to hnve given the relll im llulsc to th(' dcmllnd for the!IC councils Rml ~rlldual1.)1 to ho,\'e won ovor tho olher c~onomic group!; to the idea,

At the pre!ICnt time both th(' rrcnch Confederation of Lllbo r and the Germlln Fcticrntion of Unions give their full IIUI!­

p()rt to t hese cOllnd ! ~ und demnnd mcnll­ur('!1 which would improve and IItrengthell them. As I also pointed out before, th(' demand for national economic councilll i~ ud\'lInced by organized lubor in oth4'!' countries, namely Czechoslovakia a nd Australia, etc,

A!\ide from the historical reftions ror I"oor's inlerest in naUonal economic l'l)uncil~, which we l"e I'elated above an,1 which were conncc\.cd with the idc"s ot rcronstruction after the wnr, there arc now very definite reasons why labor is interested in these councils. These re,,­!IOns may be stated nil follow,,:

pro!~rnlll~ of (lifTel"enl economic groups. ,\ ftl'l thl' investigations by the commit­t('('s of till' <"'oMl11ic couO('i l1 lire mude, tIl(' 1Ir1'1I nf .-lIar fuet and unliis ilutliule Il'ulity i~ el<tenc\l'fl. nnd tho nrCll of vlIgue 1I!!.l'ltion and unl('nr opinion il de­limitl'd, In this way 1\ gl"i'at denl (.r the st! u t.:'p:I~' whit-h i~ Ilul' to 11wro ignornnce 01· tll(!l'~IC(,I'llli(ln 01" t'motilJ!1ul ('xcitement ill exp().~l'd 10 lil\'ht lind eliminllt('d. While the rcpre~('ntnll\'l'( of ellch group do not wcnken in II,," (h'fl'n~e of the interests of ellch I{!'()up, it Iwlpll th('m to concenlrnt(j their nttl'nti· n upon es-<entinJI and upon the 1'(,111 i",~lIell itl\o\l('11 inllt('nd of ueing sidHrn kt-d by fnlse ~ l oglIll!" trnditional unillldr" nm! II11 C1('111' thinkinJ.(,

(c) The nntionnl ('conomi(' ('ounci ls nro al80 ulrful and important in promoting the genl'l"nl idea or IVhat is clilled in l'~llI"OP C il1(ll1strilll d('mocrllcy, nnd of its ('quivIIll'nt, the A merican idea of union­nU\nn~{'n'('nt ('(t-opcl'lltion, Clarification of i~sueg, the r((\Ii~ntion of lhc true pOI­"ibimicA lind Iimitlltion~ of induRtrinl lifl', nrt' th(' ,Il;round fO l' Krt'llter willing­nl'S~ to rf'gnr(! till' indu'Itrial procellll as 1\ cO..()IIf'raliv(' (Ill' Hnd to ('Il{("ge in lIome r01'll1 IIf col!cctiv(' co-o!lerlltion for ('co­nnmie J1U!"pOMI'~, It IS intel'('stlnlt thnt in Gl'rnumy in HUB thel'l' Willi 11 general M!'n:'cment bctw('('n the trnde union~ and the fNI('rution of ('mploYl'rs' fOI" II co­operntiv(' 1II'1'(ln!l:cmcnt whit-!! indu(!c.1 Ih(' l"l'I'o'(niUon or collectivt' bargnining on 1\ nlllionul a"lIle as II pr<'c('dent to the d('v('lol1J1'ent of th(' idell of thl' National ECOIl',mic COllndL While IItrikes nnd ~onfliet'l ('ontinuIJ bolh in (:I'I'many and in Frnnc(', an(1 must continue in view of the Ilrocess or distributiun which we h:we, tllC nlltionlll cconomic councils nrc

(a) These councils are extremely inl­portant methodll for the indulltrial an,1 IIm'inl Clducntion of thCl workers and of the mnsll of the people, Through their comm ittees nnd their investigations Ulf' facts or economic life arc brought t(1 light in nueh :1 way aK to make thf'nl available to everybody, Be<:ause of thrir pnrticiplltion in the~e couneill\, lhe ren­resentatives of labor have acceS!l IInel means for a clollCr ~lu<ly of till the eco­nomic nnt! Bocial problemll of their coun­tries, and fire able afterwnl'lls to ! hur(' this knowledge with thei r col\enl{Uell and with the rank and lIle,

(b) The!IC councils help to c1nrify thp r(,1l1 economic necd~ of the country lind the real differencell in the interesh or

r. I':\\,I~ 1.. 1,(llIWI ...

helpful in their effect upon the general employer-emplo),ee s ituntion in lIuch a wily al to t ranlfer the emphasil from unnecessary conflict to the potentialities or f'o_o perlltion,

!i. Did orgonizf'd labor "lpport Ott .. p/.tut ~ ill theiT formntion.? Don labor hllt'l} rCIJrellenlHlive8 on these cou7Ici18?

All I suid be lore, thc national eco­nomic councils owe their formation pri­mnrily it not entirely to the support of or~l\llizcd labor. Labor has, as pointl'd out before, (HIUIII reprcscntution in both (;ermany 1\nd Frunce on these councils, I.nbor continuell to support these coun­cils for their direct lind indirecl effectl upon economic life and for their aid in nHikinll' the idclls of collective bargaining and collective collaborntion more and more a settled pol icy of the nation,

Mean. of E.tabli.hment

II. What in. 1IOl(r opinion sliould bll thll first 8te,1ll ill the u/(lbli.htrn!rtt of (I. 'ft(I.­

liolwl croJIOlllic IJlml bO(ITd in. Ihll United ,<;I(ltr~l

In answer to question lix, I would rec_ ommend that II bill be int roduced in Con­gre",S for the establishment of a national economic council. My sugltestion would b(' thll t \\te adopt In this cou nt r)' the hll~t fentures of both the French and the Ger­mfUl councils and modify them to suit our own conditions, In view of our pres­('nt stnJ.(e of development, it seems to me that such n council IIhould be entirely advlllOry. I t should have one plenary ~c'Bion 1\ year which would be in the nulure of a meeting to present a general rOllort on the economic condition of the country, On(' might say such n plenary bCb~iu" .... uuld give an opportunity to pre-!It'nt a re llort on the state of the union, B('tween these plenary sessions I think the work of the council should be largely carried on through commit tees and through a permanent sccretarial staff, It should be avuilnble for ndvice and information to Congress on all economic and lIocial meUlU\'CS, and it should be allowed to carr )' on long-range IItudies fOl' the purpose of cor relating the data which wt:! hovo tod:lY in auch a manner all to present at anyone time a clea r picture of the economic resources and economic Ure of the country,

I, 111110 should c"mIJV"~ its J)cr,onnet ; jirf:ll, in ol'l1trnl: seroml, in l}(lrticuloT?

I think thllt the experience of Germany "nd I.'ranee makell c1ellr that the best form of orJ.(nni7.:1tion would be that of I'epresentution by orgnnized economic nnd indulltrilil group~, I would lIuggest thM thl' varioull ind\lstries of the coun­try be arranged in major groupi follow­inK the classification of our census, 8uch u food lind kindred products, textiles lind their products, fore8t producb, alP'i­culture, pllper and printing and publish­ing, il'on nnd steel, COlli and other min-

(('''"11"" .. 11 ,," l'Alie 110)

80 The JOllrllal (If Elerirical Workers and Operator!! Feb'-llary. 19.11

JOURNAL OF

ELECTRICAL WORKERS OffKial i'ublic.llioo Inler""/iooaI1lroIhoixxxI <iBecIria!l Workers

Donole.! •• t o the

t... bor

Volume xxx Wulllnl:toQ, I). C .• Febrtluy. 1931 No.2

P u blic "The idea that the Republic was created Reap onsibility for the benefit of the individual is a mock-

ery that must be eradicawl at the first dawn of understanding." These words are President Hoover's, uttered not Quite a lear ago. They express what e\'er} thoughtful man knows is the truth about citizenship.

It is strange, then , that this principle of citi7..t:nship is being vio l at~ so constantly by men who prate most about patriotism. \Ve refer to American bankers.

I ncreasi ngly clear, it appears to be, that the present depres­sion, so devastating to human life, is being prolonged for lack of IlrOptr banking methods and (acilities. The banks are Jail ­ing in responsibility to the community, and bankers are con­Kiousl)' or unconsciously treading close to the brink of.treason.

The sllrve}' made recentl}' by " Business 'Veek.", a national economic weekly, of H9 cities indicates that high inter~t

rates are retarding the resumption of building. Though the Federal Reserve discount rate is the lowest in history, "76 per cent of the cities reported no change in mortgage money rates from a rear ago; 14 per cent found rates actualIy rising; only 10 per cent show falling rates". The inRexible determination of bankers to collect abnormal profits is a menace to the well· being of the industry.

Gradually it is dawning upon the minds of thoughtful citi­zens that "profit inflation" and not "price inflation" caused the present depression and is continuing it. The on I}" way to cu re unemployment is to re\'erse the process. Bankers must lend money to industry, and the only way industry can begin to take this needed dose of capItal, is \'ia the lower intc=rest route.

To expect mOSt bankers to sec this point, and to aCt lIpon it is tOO much. They are individualists-old+fashioned indio villualists. They are powerful. They are not really public­spirited. Some of them prefer to detract attention away from their own negligence by crying that a reduction in wages will clo the trick. An attack on wages does nothing but reduce purchasing power-in short, retards lhe movement of COII+ sumers' goods, makes Ihe manufacturer less able to borro\\ money from the banker. Only an intelligent interruption of the "icious circle by the banker himself, or by an intelligent gol·ernment. can §al'e the simat ion.

The W age A ttack

Chief arnOIl{!: th~ bankers, who are be1:loud+ ing the t"<:onomic ~it uation by shouting for deep wage CUIS is Ihe chairman of the board

flf the Chase Nnlional Bank""':rc=pTl:Sellting one of the mO~1 powerful aggrc=gntes of capilal in Ihe world. I t is apparenl that !\rr. \Viggin speaks for a slrong conservati".e wing of ,he banking p;roup. Reports from New York are also pron. abl} Irue, that l\lr. Wiggin and his associates are willing 10

'ec Ihe depressioll prolongc=d so that the underlying population will be in a "frame of mind" to attept wage cuts. Durin!/: rhe war. this process was c:\lIed "putting the fear of GOtI 11110 'ent".

\Vhile workers are dwelling upon the spectacle of this attack Ill>on that section of the community least able to carry tilt extra lax, il is well to understand thnt not all bankers art' with ~ J r. Wiggin , nor all industrialists.

The following organizations, and individ.tlals have stoOO h)' the high wage philosophy of labor, and adhered 10 tht .\merican standard of living:

I}residtnf Hoover. L~ading V. S. Senators, Representatives and state governor~. American Federation of Labor. Federal Council of Churches. Catholic Council for Social Action. Pollak Foundation. " nu~ines.s \ Veek," nat ional economic weekly. "New Republic." .\ rany powcrfulnt:wspnpers. including the Scripps- Ho\\'arn

group. lI e'ad of the U. S. Steel Corporation, James Farrell. Henry Ford. Such economists as SUDlIIer H. Slichter, George Soult.

\ViIliam T. Foster, and many others.

As soon as the real meaning of Mr. \Viggin's proposal is c;een. few if allY sane persons will support him. H is decree I~ anOl[o~u~ to ~eeking 10 heal a wound by opening it Itnew each da\·.

Boulder Dam and Re apon s ible Labor

Though the' Federal gove rnment ha.s t,'!\tablishecl an empio),ment office in Las Vegas, 30 miles from Boulder Dam. and dOlle everything it could through

this agt'llc\ to control conditions, conditions are bad in Ihal ~ection. From distant cities men are being il1\'eigl~ to go into the Boulder Dam area, and to pa}' a fee 10 do so. The ~uperinlcnd(, 111 of the Federal Employment Office has been forced to answer 2,500 letters, and to tell applicants to stay aw:H'. \Vhethcr the railroad invoh'ed in building a span to Ihe dnm site has been scrupulous in irs importation of men i~ Iluestioned. At the s,1.me time, the Southern Service Power Compan}', which hold the contract to build a high line for \'ictorville, Calif., to the dam site, won't allow a union man on the job. In shott, things are in a messy condition.

The U. S. Government has a responsibility to see that such conditions are cured. It is the boss of the greatest engineerinI: rrojccr ill Iht world, and should not dodge responsibilill' bKau<;(' work i~ being done h}' subcontractors.

• February, 1991 The Journal of £'lectricat Workers and Operato,.:! 8 1

Pave l J erd a nowitch and Expe rb

1':lu l Jordan Smith, a Parific coa.~t author, regretted the fact that the paintings of hi ~ artist wife were called old·fashioned b) a jury of art critics. In revenge, he went

horne. and though he: nevt'T had a brush in his hand, concei\"cd and executed four fake paintings, which he called "Exalta­tion," "A~piratioll ," "Adoration" and " Illumination". lie tacked on the high-$Ounding ~ignature of Pavel J C'rdaOf)\\itrh Lo, the an critics fell for the deception. They prai~d the fluke paintings, and they were exhibited with acclaim in Chi· (ago. New York, and Roston.

This is not the first lime that a jury of e:\Jlerts have bc::(n taken in by a hoax. In the literary world it is an old slory.

. The} have been deceiv('d time and again. They h:we acceplc{1 the ouler marks o f excellence for excell('nce itsclf. They afe like ~illy. frivolous wom('n who run after bogus nobility.

In the economic world th(' story repeats itself. A group of high-sounding economic exp/!rts attached 10 a leading univer­sity \\ere as wrong about the stock deflation of 1929 as the ar t critics were about the paintings of Pa\'cl J ercianowilch. Just as wrong have so-calle(1 ('Conomic exports been about the upturn of busines5 ever since ,he stoci.;. crash of black: October. Hundreds of col1('ge textbooks written by economic experts are filled with untruths about th(' economic order.

The fallibility of experts suggtst the need of labor raising up its own economic investigators and advisers.

Sta nda rd s No one doubts that one function of govern-and W ages me.nt is to set up propef standards. This is

indicated by work: carried on by the U . S. Bureau of Standards. A.!I early as 190 1, Congress el1acted a law creating this bureau. Its work: has saved billions o f dollars by the testing of materials and fabrics, has saved the nation from chaos by setting up an aCCHrate system of weights and measures, :lIld has begu n the creation of proper standards destiued to sa feguard human life and property.

By contrast, lillie has been don(' to set up proper standardj of human welfare. \ Vhen the U. S. Department of Labor \I as crtattd, a step was taken in this dir('(tion. This depart­ment did excellent work during the war by selling up an "American standa rd of living" I but it has never been abl(' to set up an American standard o f wages.

Now it appears that a SlI'p toward this important accom­plishment is about to be t:lken. Former SCl.:retary of LlIUor Davis, with the appro\al of Secretary of Labor Doak, has inlroduced into the U. S. Senate a bill "relating to the rate of wages for laborers and mechanics emplo\ed on public build­ings of the United States and the District of Columbia by contractors and sub-contractors". This bill (S5905) is clear, direct, and unequhocaL It provides that the "rate of wages for 1111 laborers :1Ilt! mechanics employed by the contractor or any suh-contractor on Imblie buildings, covered br the con­tract shall nOI be less thlln the prevailing fate of wa~ (Of work of a similar nature" in the ~ame place. It lodges rderec powers in the offict of Secn·tlny of Labor.

That such a bill represents statesmanship can be little doubte<l. It puts into practical effect the oft-repeated state-

1ll('nts of President H oovtr and other leaders. It is all right 10 ~et up standards for steel, sealing wax. glass, muslin and rubber, whr not Slandards for hllman life?

Economies and Mora ls

Stanle) Baldwin, ('..\:-Premier of Great Brit· ain , show'! the world what good sportsman· ship is. Since about 1660 his family has

bt"cn continuously and honorablr engaged in the iron busin(SS. Dllring the Great War this business had a great expansion \Ihiclt attracted investors from every walk in life, Stock I('m:hed the height o f $15 a share. Recentlr-IO lears after the \\-ar-the slock went to the new low of +0 cents a shaTt' .• i'lr. Baldwin is still a membe r of the corporation. He has not withdrawn a cent from the busin~, or disposed of anv sh:m:-s of stock. Any \ Vall Street spcrulalor would haY!' show I! him how legally tllld smooth ly he could have with­drawn from thl" ~;tu:ttinn , wilhom great losses, and with full h\lsiness honor. H is attitude was "No, my name, ami the name of my father, atlract('d investors to this business, and I do not purpose to walk: out on them ill time of trouble".

To mally this poim of honor will seem fantastic. How often we h('ar that morals, or what is better, sportsmanship, have nothing to do with business. The phrase, "business is husiness" means that busin~ must be rutlll135, tr,nupling upon common human dec('ncies. It is but a step to the con­clusion that morals have nothing to do with economics. No

Sl"nsible person will deny that economic forces are impersonal i moving in concentric waves to wid('r shores, baffiing human in tell igence. will and ingenuity. Still in 50 far as ttonomic forces are affected by human personal it}', they begin to be affected when they trample down moral values. An economic ~}'5tem that permits child labo r i that ignores the common human right to work ; that allows great fortunes to r ile up al onr. end of the scale with poverty at the other ; thnt lind.; the rich growing less responsible, more vulgar, 1110re brazen, l~ humane; that puts up with cheap lies about itself ; Ihat enslaves workers; that seeks to force men to work by COllrt ('dict: that pays starvation wages----5uch an economic system \1 ill be challenged again and again by e\'ery social and humane force.

The Preas \Ve ha\e often commented Ill>on the faCt that Now tlU' prt.'i.'i-Iht: respectable S('.(;tion of it-has

h«0111e fairer ant! more intdligenl in the di~­cu .. "ion of labor :and economic question~. Yet duri,,~ the prcs­enl troubled times most n('wspapers did the following:

J. SupporU'lI the President against Congress in the con­tro\'er~) o\'er appropriation of money for sllccofin~ ~taT\'in~

nwn, women nnd children, wll('n past history shows th .. t Con­!1rCllS has repenTedly appropriated montr for such purpo~e~.

2. Supported the Red Cross without scanning the Red Cross' record in the past in relation to strikes and minor di~a!>ters.

In other word" when elllergencies arise, when want makes lil1e~ bel\\een economic groups sharper and more pronounced, tlte newspapers a re with the privileg~d.

82 The Journal of Electrical lVorkers and OperatorR February, 1991

WOMAN'S WORK DEPRESSION MAKES CUTS IN FOOD NECESSARY

A D'ET for four adult.. ineluding tllrl'f! meals eaeh day. may be lupplied (or

• $7.16 a week, accordinr to food tlll'erh 01 the Bureau of Home ":tonomie. of 111' U. S. Department of Agrkulll,lre. I'riel'" (If

their market Hat were checked In I~ dtl·'~ and thi. w .. . the average eOlt. Folk. In Detroit would pay $6.39 .hlle Ne .... Yorker. paid lop pricu, totalinK $7..83.

A bond bill of '1.78 per person! Thl, I_ • minimum diet, de .. iled for thollt' luf. ferine from unemployment, or what il almolt a! bad, part-time employment. Ther. are no (ancy frill . on the gro.:ery liat, but theN! il • Inrge quantity of nourid"n""t, and tho diet" to ~denWleRl1y bu]"nced thut It II tho roughly healthhl-probnbry murr healthful than thllt of people who ellt whllt. ever they plellle. Dr. Louise Stlln· ley. chief of tbe bureau. dec'lare. that tbere ,. a cood supply of vitamin.; proU!in. calcium. phos· phorus and Iron. III well .u enough .,.Ioriel. to provide for he-Ith and growth. QUllntitiea of milk. vegdablell lind lean mt,>at afll abso lute.!y neees .. ry and Ihould be Increlllee! when the family in«lmll permlu. lIert i, the liat:

Family of Four Adults

Should Bu y £"'II ' y W eek-

Flour. cereal and rice (I ~ pound, breld «Iunt ... one pound flour). 22 to 27 pound •.

Milt, (our to eirht quart... PoLatoei (14 pounda in one ~t),

one to one and one·third pftk •. Dried beana. peaa. lenlill, one to

three pounda. Tomatoel , three quarh.

II)' SALLY LUNN

Wherl! fresh milk coats more than 10 or 12 cenu A quart the burenu Iluthorllie~ r«· ornmend using unlweetened canned milk or dry Ikim milk for pllrt of the milk IIlIow. lince, To protect the health or your hmily you mUlt Ulltl plenty of mHk, both with eeN:'1I11 antI pudding'll, cream laueea with meal Or velet.blN lind in similar wily •• &II

well II for a beverage. While the anowance for nW!at. fI.h. cheete

and egp I. Imall. ulling milk will lIIpply enough protein to make a balanced did, but the houKwife will hue to \l1II! more thought to make interel l ing mellia. 1I0wev~r, by mulln. of ,lew. with v('golublea, Ituffing l11e"l. making jlumpl!ng~ lind gravy, huh, mellt loaf and .Imllar combinAtion., the

uk for th. square! or endl, these c~r !Ouch lell thlln _!iced b~con, Brell$t. nN'k lind .houlder of 111mb ore low priced and eheue Otl'HlI nnother' barg8 ln.

Liml beina, nIlV)' beanl. pruneland rai ,lnl are rl)('ommendt>d, and pennut butler In bulk i~ Inexpenllve and very nouri,hlng,

rabblge. onionl, turnip •. and .plnach Ire ,·elfet.bl. barkalnl for the market b .. ht and orangetl are cheaper thla year than last Lar,.. can. of tom.toea may be puronaKii for approximately 15 centl a quart.

While _e may not want to go on the bureau'. minimum diet , I am lure thllt all of UI who are IItrected by hftrd timel mny benefit by 80mc of these Buggestlonl, fOl

gr!Wery bill. 110 run up terrlflclIlly It you don't watch them, Dietielnna at the burellu

IIrt' buay makin/l' up menu. and deviling red.,... to preeeM low eoll toods In appet.bing .... y. They have alao worked out a market list for I week's food IUP. pi)' for a family of live. two adulll find (h.1!(! children, alao for • famlty of .evcn. mother, '~ther lind fi"'e children. with qUllntlties of the .ame food. adJultcd to the numbe. of perllOnl. Wh(,fe thert' are children much more milk If

allo_ell; for II fllmily of flve with three children. 23 to 28 (IUaru, Children _hould hlln milk lit every mul, egg. ~l'verll timu n week, and tomntoel or o.ang1.'1 once a day, al the.e food!. contain elements n«e.~ary fo r th .. lr nonnal gro .... th. The Bure.u of Home EconomiCI II now located at the Earle Buildin!;, Walhinll ' ton, I). (' .. and w11l Rnd y(lU bul· Il'tinl on this lubjftt If you a~k for them.

Other vegetables (Ine1uding lome of g reen or yellow color and In. expenlive fruita), 20 to 21) pounds.

Fau. aoch a. Iud. IIIlt pork, bacon, marcerine, butter. etc ..

Milk for nt'1l cllild, l or .,,(Orll "' .... 1. diet.

U <'lUll/ipS lor 0 IIouri_lI.

From the Phlladelphill Child Il cllith Society, 311 South Junlpcr 8Irrc!, I hnve II complete !Oarket lilt of food for II family of flve (three children) for a week .... ith pricu and qu.ntltlel at a cost of

four pounds. Sugar and mol ... ea, fin to lix poundl. Lean meat. flah, cheese. eg~ •• five to 10

poundl. The llrge allowance of nour and cereAl

Ihould Indude a variety of Item., au~h III rice. corn meal, oatmeal and macaroni ... well aa white nour and bread. Brlll,kflllt • hould Include a large bowl of cooked cereal for each member of the bmlly. pllncaku, biacuiWl. muffinl, fried cornmeal mush. or aimnar dishe.. nice and macaroni mllY be Uled In quantit ies for lunch and dinner dllhel, combining with vegetables nnd ment. And there lin mRny taateful puddinf(1 thAt may be mllde of rice, bread. cornmeal or other nour. while .horteake made with dried 'rult will prov" a favorite. It mut be admitted that this will ull for extra etfor! on the part of the housewife. but It will u.ult in a lTeat uvlng.

;1111

quantity can be .pread out. lIearty dl.h" msy abo be made with beanl or peu.

The vegetable sllowlnce. II generous and It il IURlleated that It be divided to Indude "'lven poundl of leafy vell"ctablel, leven of root \·egetabici. and six pound, of Inu­pensive fruit, Induding orange •• bananas and dried fruit .

Of courlli!. to make every pcnny count, the hou.ewlfe .hould go to mArket herself. and take IIdVRnhge of food barll:ain.. Inetpen. .ive cutl of mellt. co.tlng trom eight to 2f:i centa a pound, should be .el""tl!{!.

In making the lurvey of food cosh In Iii clUel, the bureau found ~veral iteml that are elp""iaUy good valuu. Inywhere you mlly .happen 10 !In. lIue Ire a few of them: Beef kidney. nank o r liver; pork livu; canned pink or chum IIlmon; cannf'd mlchrel; pl~nlc ham!, When you buy bacon

$8.69. They have a lso sent menu Bun",tiona BuiU!d to th. market

balket, and .""ipea for aom. very enticing dilhtl for low to.t meall. Anyone whoi wllh .. may CH theBe by .... rlting for them, and will find some very benelld.llug~stlonB.

Another o.ganbation that h .. been .tudy· inll the minimun, diet if the Bureau of nome Economlcl of the J.'cder.ted Jewish Chari· tiea, Bolton, While their minimum IIracery order tor 'our allulh totaled $10.42 for the week, a grellter variety of food. wa. in· cluded, And the fIIct thal the diet w •• nourl,hlng Will demonltratl!{!--of four 110(:1.1 worke .. who . ubllated on It for a week, one gained two Rnd one.halr pounds, two gained one pound ea(h. and the other maintained the unle weight, Material on thil diet, with menua and recipes, m.y be obtained by writ· ing to the Family Welfare Allloeiation of America at 130 Eau henty·second Strl'i!t New York Cit,..

Febl"llal"Y, 1931 Tlte JOImwl 0/ Electrical il'orkers and Operaton'! 83

84 The JQHrnal of Electrical Workers and Operators Feb,'ual'Y, 193 I

II EVERYDAY S CIEN CE

II I' ubll e Utililt" 10 UI!e seO.OOO TORS or

Copper in 1930

Almon 50 per cent (or 600.()()(I toni ) (If all the copper produced in the United Statu will be und durinl' 1930 by public utility eompanin and electric manufac_ turera. This will be used in the upaRaion progrllm of the electric light Dnd power, street railway, telephone and telegraph eompanlu and the electric manufaeturing industry.

Gn- lleated SwitcheR KC'e p Un~ .. Open

Continuous and regular service On .tenm roads during 8now and aleet s torms is de­pendent very largely on the ability of the railway company (0 keep it. switches from (renlng up. In railroad terminah a gap of only an eighth of an inch between switch points i ..... flleient lometimes tQ tie up the entire IYltem of tracks.

The ulual prQcedure to keep s",ltchel free il to hue them shoveled and swept dean by a ,an. of men, and tQ use burning oil tu heat the .wltches to Ilrevent t he fur. mati'ln of ice or p.cked an'll" between the point..

Se .. er.] year s ago an electric, heater tur switchn ..... tried out .u«eufully_ Re­cently. city gal has been used for the .ame PU rPOle, .nd installatiuns have been m.de in Philadelphi •• nd Chi.;agu which h.ve operated with marked .\lcc:ea. during t he recent beavy anu'" and aleet It'lrms. BJ' Oleana of this device, une o r twu Olen can take care of an entire terminal in place uf a large gang he retufure uled.

Gas II piped thr'lugh'lut the te rminal ,ardl, with a burner placed midway be· t"'een the s",itd! points and the rail adjoin­m.. This pipe il inBUla ted by means of a spedal joint t'l prevent any interruption of elect r ica l signal ing apparntus.

When the s tofm commenCel, the gil i, turned on in the 'ystem frum a central puint, the burner at each switch beini lighted by melns of I m.nuall)·_operated lighter. The burning g'l henh the steel sufficiently to prevent the Iormntion of iee and makes it hot enQugh to melt and evap· Qra te the snow Qr Ileet. The entire Iwitch il helted 10 that it i$ kept free its Cull length at all timn. The lupply Qf gtll I, regulated tQ meet the partieular wind or tenl per atu r e cQnditiuns. FrQm 20 tu 25 cubic feet uf gal are burned per switch per huur and telts with wind velucitiel up to 45 miles per hour have ahown that the heaterl continue IQ operate even under such adverse conditions. AnQt~er advantllge is tho lenoning of

.ccidenu to workmen. Many of the men hel'1.ufQI'C! used Were unfamiliar with train BcbNul ... and many have been Btruck b)' trains Qperated durin,g heavy storml ",hich m.de ub!ervatiQn djffi~olt. With fewer men and pra~tically autumatie action of heating unit.. a~eidenl>l will be few Ind far between.

t.o.. of Voca l ChQrds nu Bar to Speech

People whQ have been unfortunate enQugh tQ lu.e their vocal churds through diJleI"', find it possible to carryon CQnversation by mean. uf an artificial iarynll and synthetic Ian" "'hich hal been develoJlC!d as a by­product of ruear~h work in the Bell Tele­phone Leburat'lrlu.

SeYeral hundred people in the United States today are able 10 carryon con,'ena­tiQn through the use of this device. A train dispatcher in Louiaiana carries un hia work OlVer the telephQne by use uf this Iynthetic talking de.ice. Not long ago an otflcia' uf the Bell Telephone Laboratories carried on a cQnven.ti'ln over 3,000 miles of wire with an architect in California who had become able to Ipeak by using this device. Both lpeaken uti1i~d the .ynlhetic lung tQ carry on thi. cunversation.

Another interesting and remarkable de­vice <developed in the Inboratoriea is Qne which ia eapable of Ilrojt'Cting sound directly intu tho humnn brain without the use of the ear, al in the case uf a man totally deaf. In using thia Inltrument nQ .\!CIund il .udible, but the etreet 'lf diatant musie or aound ia conveyed directly to the brain Qf the penon affected.

Telephone T,-pewriler Grows in I'QPularity

The use of the telepbone typewriter. hy "'hieb written mellages can be tranamitted by telephone and duplicated U any point desired, has grown s teadily from 1917, when there were only 26 IIations in lerviee, tu 1,651 at the end Qf 1928. These are used b)' the pre.. le .... ·ices. large curporations. banks, pOlice departmenu, ~neral commer_ cial use, etc.

At t he present time, apprQximately 245,· 000 miles Qf ... ire are used in furnishing thia cQmmunication lervice, .... hich reaches every .tate and includel connectionl ... jth Canada and Cub •.

This is the youngell of the apeelal tele­phQne services rendered by the telephune companies in the United StItes and Qne which seem, to be destined for much ... ider UBe.

United Slalell UIIH I'Qwer Equa l to BiIllQn Tona 01 Colli

According tu the U. S. Burenu Qf Mines. the total power uBed by the people of the United States each year in doing their wurk i, equal to the energy in a billiun ton. Qf COIl.

Bituminous cQal nccount. for "bout haH tho tQtal. The r emainder is made up of a nthracite, oil , gllS, .... ater (lOwer. WQod, windmilll and .nimals. Water puwer. in 'pile uf the attentiQn it is reeeh'ing from puliticians. supplied Qnll' 6.3 per cent of the total energy in 1927; oil and ih deriyatives lupplted 21.4 per cent; natu ral gas 5.8 per cent; all coal 58.4 per cent; wuod Ii.!> I,e r cent; and an imals 2.[; per cent. In other words, oil supplied three and one_quarter timel and coal more than nine timea II!

much po .... er :as water. Electric power, derived from all Buurces,

developed about 88,000,000,000 kilowatt hQurs in 1928.

Telephone Faeta Philadelphia's flnt telephone exchange

wal establiahed in November, 1878. In November, 1928, 50 yean later. there were j70,314 Sell telepbunea In operntion in the elty.

In 1889 the city uf Lol Angeles had JUII 1.000 telephonu. The IOO,OOOth mark wu not reached until 1913. Recently Lol An­ICeles' 3iO.OOOth telepbune instrument W.lS

inltalled. A mudern telephune exchange, the lint

fve r installed in the noethwestern part uf Africa, hal been placed in lerdce In the city of Ceuta, which il nuw cunnected with the telephone I)'$tem of Spain and thul with ~·r4nce. "nlrland. United States and other countries.

S ])II'U: CALL m;l.I. CIRCUITS

... T . .... ~ ..

"7IJVOR ."LL 7 ... ", ___ "1

,.", ""ter""" w, ..... s

711E' BEI-L BAT7EFH I.o IR£ JIt./lfO THE HurraH 8J1t~r ""'Ra WI7H 7H~ BUTTON 8£LI. W Ill.£, ARK nr~- ThREE 1~ "'~lfTIIN T INIRE'S (IF FYE"Ir CAl.I. II£L'" S I~NII I- C 1"1<: UI T. '011 TN 71fl!SE TllfilCE "",R£S IN 1'11fr{0 ELECTRICA'

W' ''I~ W'OR.,.. ... RS "-'l/.. PIt£rIOlJ 7/'tISTA"IQ.

TWO BKLU CO-tTIf,J<.'-IrD .-A",., ONE PlIJH BUTTON THE CO,.. f{EC.710N ~OR II lI.y''-rp"I''''''''~

,rn.r-srCDNDA"y 1!/G"-L TItIl""~""'E"I M ,., .... ,.,. Tt> PCPLACIT T"£ 7!lArr .. ", WHEIl£'''A "'1.7£ltNArIN6 CIIRIr£NT C.DHHECTIDN 1.$ P<1S,s'Il I. EII .":L", TIlI(NS~ORf'feR CA'" BE. USE.D

~

"1

f'e l)/"U(t1jJ, 1991 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Opel"at()I' ,~ 85

MODERN PILGRIM'S PROGRESS

•

•

86 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators f 'ebnu!I'!I. 1!1./1

,III I N' en.cdiollul OlJir., rOllfri/llttn /I,i. durie, 10k." fro .... tit. Wlld; .. ,.t!>",'",,:

A Nrw " <'I I' J" '} H

011, Father Time, Thou who I we(lpnt on with .rrnislible

lICythe mowing dOWII alike the good and lhe bad,

'rhOll who hut In "gel put vi~lted Ihia old worm-euten plnnd cil iled the World with War lind Ilu t ihmce, lIood IIlIIl famine. lire nnd rack,

Whateve r thou hut In _t(lre for UB in" this New Year or trial lind tribulation,

L\"t Ill, WI! bell' and Implore ot tliN'. h",'c nn more of-

lloover prosperity Fa rm «lief The Wicke ... ham ~ommiuion. Col. Arthur Wood. lind hi, unenlplo),-

ment committee. Mr. Hamilton .'i"h Ind hi. red eh.·r Congnuional hannony The Nye ~mmlttH. Al Capone Mr. Tinkham and m"bop ('annon Judge Lindsey alld Hiahop Mannin~ Drought. and drought ",Ii"f The man In the {reen h.t . ,' Unemployed .pple..

For, kind Il r . pat ient and long.lutferinll' .. ... e are, jult • e.lulIl glanee Il t the abov" lI.t or ulllm[ti .. 1 ~hould I5erv .. to eonvine .. you tha t in the pu t 12 month. you hav" b .. en ll1y[ng it on a bIt thlek.

• • • Welcum .. Ito n,,'1

(I)ed[cltcd to th" new honle or I. . U. No.3) By A llt; {j[. I('K

T owe.r;ng mlje. lic. lly "V{:II Iloril'~ high, A magnificent alrueture or concrete and

I teel ; lt'l a symbol o( p rogre .. with the limit but

the aky, A monumen t to ludtnhlp and Ikill .

~:rected 011 • powerful roulldation That', ILllllding firmly on a .alid ground;

(' .. mented by rood ... 111 .nd co·operation To make it !nO", ullihakable . nd lound.

MIY it a lw'YI be the belKOn to lillht the .. , And Iud othe... on lh.t hlgh .... ay to

IUCCeu; And ....... 1\ .U lief' • brl"hter, better day

And avoid m.ny • ha rd lhlp .nd diltrer.s.

So, ..... Icome home .nd I trellgthen yOUf home, bo,_ Let Brotherly IOv. one o f Ihe lupporting

pili .... be, And we'll . 11 Ihlre much h.ppin .... and joy

In thlt new home o f 1..oc.1 No.3.

• • • A Kllnu, w itor 'UlI'lfelll Etaoin lind

Shrdlu .. name. for twlnl I'ftf!n tly arrived at the home of hi , linotype operator , 88 both word. were originllted by opet.to,. Ind are often uled by them.-TypolITlph!c.1 J ournal.

II' t lin lterrl1" rIO/trill, .<it"lIlor Vorr;" Ildl~ou l ~i, ~o ... t"t. ~Ol< tl'trl ilf 011" ... i" ".Iurll pomu eo"lrl!.

Tht Sen. t l' ) l u8f

"Onee to every mlln lin d ""tlon ('orne. the moment to dl'clde

In the et rite of truth with fll l~~hO<ld For the good or evil ~idc.

"But the eaBe presents no Ilrohlplll To the White House ~:nll: in eer:

lie a.P lloint, a big ~ommillllion To ",pOrt BOrne timl' next )'eu." -Senator Norril In th .. ('onkrr"~ional

Record.

,,,"olltt,. good 110M! lro", I n,i~,. It, fA~1I1

,'". lo:n. Wiui~,:

T he I.h ... ma n·a Tn l' l n)

Hlrry Jlckson WIIB a J:runt bfofor .. be ... a· promotM to be a Hn .. m.n. OA!t rM .. ,. ht ;~ no rtlation to the holl'·d;1I:1I:1ng Gnlllll:," of pnt r.<r>t). I t •• 1 • h'l( tunotniNlo., IIlng and llarry. beinll: a little ab-lve tht ordinuv Intellikenee of tht oniinn.ry lITunt. Willi dcletlttw to m.kt th .. tel for Iunth . It w ••• big two·gallon tl'lIpol In which the water W.I boilt<! and th .. tel !nfuM!J • U in one operuion. Som"tlmu thl' lid WI • On lind IIOmetim ... it "·II~n't. The tea wu madt Ind 1111 gathnl'd around Indudlnll' the foremlln lind ever)'bodv drnnk 11'11. Inld It Wa l j:(ood Ie- but it h lld • kind of II IlN'ullar tute. The I o'd~k whl,tle hl"w, IIn,1 Hnrr), ItMhered th r dishes IOl{elhH. p lck­in~ u l' the tellilot he u Ple t It In front of the l;lInK to dump out thO) tM leRnl. The tell lellVl'1 coml' out lind three bundlell of IliffI'd !Illlrlln ~~ble t1in~. Ilftr ry I~ II prell), I>ood runner lind II . till alive.

• • • A"ol~tr "0>1/ hoI oJ! tltt ;011 /hllt 'l w/",/

I<'r likd l)on' l Yo u I)lIIIt:

At the Ihipy.rd~ n'er)' mlln 'p1,~d to work il inttructed to .... tch for IiTr line brnb; i/ onl' OttU,. to takl' the I'nd of luppl, .nd bend It onr to 8.Il.ve the lupply from lraklnk IWII)'. A ",op ...... workint{ n .. ar lome men .... ho weno u1inll eleC'lrir drill. of tht port.bl, ty~. An iron b .. am fell IICro" the rubber­covered u bi I' Ind Inallped It III two. Th .. .... op quickly grabbed the end f rom tbe floor and bent it over. uyinr: "f'orem.n IIIV )'ou no le.k a ... a)', .nd, by g.r, )'ou won'",'"

C. L. MOIC.IIIYIt, I .. U. No. fi9li, O.kland, C.IIf.

• • • /t', Itord 10 11~ clturf'" .o ... flim .... 110" ••

I1NI Id" IIOt b~ (1100"'1/. lit 11"11 ,. .. 1.. EI'" 1~ ""fJ~ (I'" Itu ... or i. lih r~ ;, ,"h'" III /It~ mill;lI t"r' //l)mt. rOIlII',I;

193 1 N ur. e .., nhy me

Workinll'mln, workingman, have )'ou IIny mone), 1

I 've bl'en l/lld off for 14 mont h~, .0 f~l1., don't kel funny.

The vllrinu. sound. th.t Pi" into the tn r. Atf,,<:l the thought, t he mind. the lOul uf

man. The sound that brlngll t he hellrt of mlln mOot

cheer. Is the Yolee or a friend; another mlln.

With heart uPJ.> rHMed b)' !!Orrow~ dnrk or dim.

While cllrf),lng the load as bll8t wo can, We meet I fri ... nd with hll ndahake and with

grin; The friendl)' "o!~e, the hearty voice or M

man.

Wherevtf th .. n your lot ia cast, Whit grid lind hardship. com" to you,

In ,ummer'a heat or .... inter ·' billt; We'll hold Our own ... hen friends a", trut.

The Ittltude w. hold to •• rd life. Is larllely OUri to m.ke the ehoino.

1I0w Iwlftly Pilon grief and strif .. , Whrn greeted by a f r iendly voi~.

Wbl'n thl' .k), _m. low .nd thl' IUMhlnt'. dim,

We've nothinr now to make the he .. ' r .. joke;

The "oice t hat chperll belon~ alone to him; V"" yl'l, my friend, it i! the M'lter',

voice .

Wit h cou rare &tronr we'll answer every c.ll. We'll f.e .. the world like noble men and

true, Fellr not. nl)' frit'nd. though often )·ou ma)'

!BII. He'll lif t )'ou up and bring )'ou I,rely

throuKh. DAN HEEIlY.Jt.

t.Ot'RI Union No.9, Ch lcalfo. III.

, . . Do,,'1 kilO'" wlletller "'. call Det 111/ wll~

IIt"e crockt nl1ot~/ /I promin,,,' "IIt/elllall­te. live ri/lllt I~ aW .allU 101U" ocritlt /tilll olld h. ",I,lt l ~~d ow t ol1od itl

,\fle r EI« lIon ·Oay

Hoo""r on Pros perity Ruled' with a migbty hind;

('ong"," 'I&I'mbled; II ~ did not undeubnd .

Th ... n old friend. Bill Borah, In O!;:(tr ...... ion bent

All O!;tfo ru to defelt him; The f,rme,. now repent.

I.",bor and Indust r,. In W"hincton were maJO.Sed

To u"e .... h.t·' left o f lloov"r Sinu old Willi Street cra~hed

!':Ild ia the plight of labor ; lie prombM them so much.

They gOt unemployment-never Kreatl'r, And no pilleI' to mak ... a wuch.

Al Smith w" defe.ted; Jle ruled with mi,:h ty hend;

The peoplo couldn't see it, Dul no ... they und~Tltnnd.

('ARD N UIoIBI:R 316767.

fi'ebntury, 1931 Tlte Journal of Electrical I1Im'kers and Operato)· ... 87

CORRESPONDENCE Old-Timers Meet in Ca li fornia Editor:

Jun a word of uplanatlon to the Indo-'fd. A crowd of old time electrical worken of the Gld Khool KOt together on Chrittm.. I)a,. and enjoyed themselves immensely. There were only two present who ... erll not old memben of the United Order of I.intmen. This or«anitatlon "'&11 the startllr of the I. n. E. W. and, with the two ell."ception', we were old f riends of lIenry Millar, our f\nt Grllnd I'resident. I was ubd to write a little pic« to our ho!t, Jerry Tylor. and this I. the outrome of my antiquated brain. On ahowing it to ... ve ral of the boy. I w •• H­quested to lend it to the \\'OlIlU:a and if you cOllsider it worthy of publication It would pleille the old gang. I llend the le.lon·1 greetin!!". from 1111.

TK06. W. Mtr.('lI.

lI'il/ i(I", TJI/or. 8dhr KlIowJI II. "Jlrr-;"

had a Christmlls pllrty at hi. home, at 4128 Brookdale Ave nue. Jerry had II. gues t .: Amiy 8t~III'~" B, nill 9", .. , I.lIo,·ry D"u,,,lthty, Sport J\leAllilter, Jock Steal and wife, "Sye" rleree, Ernie J. Dorrell and wifll: hi. denrly beloved wife, Rose; M fl. Slaughter li nd aon lind dnughter, nnd Tho~. W. lIIt'Ceh.

Jerry il .n old timer in the A. O. U. L., the N. B. E. W. and the I. B. E. W. Owing to the many subjects brought li P thl, dllY. J prry WII~ allowed to let off st"flfrn

On behalf of Jerry and hi. good wife, ROle, In token of the good thing. we partook of • nd Iheir hOlpil$lity, Tom aat down to write a line or two, and here I, how Brother T om hands it to Brother J e rry :

Who'l alwaYI ready for a jokeT J erry.

Wh" "i"e. your ti ..... friendl, I .... ~e~ Jerry.

Who'. al ... aYI full of joy lind fun T Who keep' the fair IlU on the run T Who ... g. today uceed. 61 ~

Jerry.

Who it it rrull u. with a .mlle~ Jerry.

WhOle laugh I. heArd a half. mile! J erry.

Whou, .trength il like the br.wny ox1 Wh olM! mUKln a re as hard 41 roekl? Who'll rive and take 811 klnrift of knoek~T

Jerry.

Wbo'. alwaYI ready for a bet! J e rry.

And help. somebody into debt? J e rry.

An entertainer de luu. II he, Oilpenlln, Imiles 10 eheerfully. In IIts eony den behind the «ate, On Brookdale at "Its-

Jury.

Who', hfltte r known ;n 595t Jerry.

Who would help to put 8 fIlt upon 1\ IUdeT Jerry.

Who',1 ~'rllb MeGun;. or Tom McCn.1 by th, collllr

And choke him 10 he could not hoUPT. And fade him fo r hi. Inn, lone don.r!

Jerry.

READ

Renection. 0 .. hard limn, b)' L. U. No. 143.

"Bu)' Now" allal),xed, b,. L . U. No. 230.

Ka n ... mG"'" in ha rmon)' toward rea l .. ai n l, by L. U. No. 226.

Com menh on pre.e .. t ha rd t im .... by L. U. No. 6 17.

Som e auet •• aln .. d b)' depre ulon, b)' L. U . No. 15 0 .

Pro,re .. in Alba .. )', b)' L. U. No. 696.

Thele le tte,. a re the fruit o r h.rd thinkin .. und .. r t he . tre .. of

difficu lt probl .. m .. The)' h.ar r •• d i .... .

Wid all do.e fau lt., we lovo you 1<0, Jerry.

We hope it 'l lonc time fore you go, Jerry.

Earnie told me fo r long, long monthl, Y"ur gooo fur milk .. "''''Il kin ... uf stunt.. I hope du'. 10 fo r mabbe once,

Jerry.

Who dearly level a Irams of chanee! Jerry,

Who'll b-ct hiM Mhlrt o r bel hi, potnh' Jerry .

With II"loalinll" glue he reU~ the bonea, While listening to hi. vl~tim'. InOlln., And chuckle. .t their .ob. pnd I[tollnl-

Jerry.

lIcre'. to you en thl., your Ch rlatmaa Dsy. Jerr,l

MRy life for )'OU be alway. K.Y, Jerry.

W •• Iw", want to hear 100 .hout: There'. alw'YI Jey when you're about: You put dull eare to rout,

Jer"..

L U. N O. I , ST. L OU IS, MO.

Editor: OrgRniled labor I, not a new Idea. In

ltanning put hillor,., It ""HI be found that the peopl ... of an dent timn favored labor orrani.r.ation. It II tru •• thllt it might not h.ve hflen quite a. emdent •• a labor or· ganluuon Ihould be. but It wu aumdenl to meet the demand. of tholt andent times Union 11m, like everythlnr ellt. I, lubjeet to IOntino.1 chance. The union mo"ement in years cone b)' haa (h.nwed from a sill." da, week to a flve day week: .nd no .. that ne(ellity require. It· ... ilI." hour day ha! be_ rome imperlltive.

Over 600 YflU IIgn German minen la_ bored under II live day week, whlle Snxeny .ilver minen had" working wel!k of three dRya. The 10, I:!, 14 lind 16 hour day loitered hy the Itelll indu.try will be re­l1Ielllbned by tho) strike WIlKO'd ngnind It by the American ~'edl!fatlun or l.abor in 1919 which relulted In the lteel wllrken' houn being mllde e'lulvall'nt to othn m«hanlu.

~N·re l .r)' Geor .. e R. rate non, or the " I •• euri ,"'ederation of Labor, in a letter to the Progreuive I'reu, made a numhflr of fuggeatlen. whlfh might be u,ed to ad· vantage and are .. ell worth a moment', e1In· Iideration. lie emphasized the fact that t ho ... people who fORter long hou1l and luw ..aICU hllve no desire or thought of lighten_ ing the Lurden of humanity.

The executive board of the R"l1road Shop ~:mployel Ilepn rtment, A. F. of L .• "re to I,ruent II live day week demsnd 10 the rail mllnagemenl. A ailo: hour day is being peti_ Ilened by the Big Four Brotherhood and the Swlt"hnlfn'l l 'nlon of North America. The W. K. Kel1ultg Com pan),. of Battle Creek. MI(h .• manufaeture,. of b rellkfut cereel~. h ... nnouneed the adoption of ... ix.h""r day with an Inere.~e in Il&y fer itl (·",ployeea.

George C. Smith, director of the Indus­trial BurliU and di rector of th" 10dultri,,1 Iteller Division et the Citizen. Committee, in ' llenkinK en pubBe relief says tha t St. Louis has an IIrmy o f 50,000 Idle men. The I' follrenlve J)re~" la of the !mprl\~~lnn that the numllN i$ nearer 76,000. Secretary 1,' rRnk Morr ison advoca tes the Bhllrt week with ahortc r houra u a meanl of al1evilltinll: thue hardahip. b)' giving every man a (hance to work.

ROBI:RT B . MILI.t:Il.

L U . NO. 28, B A LTIMORE, MD.

~:ditot : The writlnj( at this time find. u. at an

InoPl,orlune locriod. I t catches U5 nt a time when we're bUllly oeeupled In the bUline .... ef recupcrlltlon, th.t followed a hrief .p~ll of employment, after an enlorced relt cf sbout feur month.. From thll you can readily Judlte that 'fI"e're heartily in [a ' "r of fonv(r .boll.hing thi, dangeroUB and IIOme· what Inron"enient thing, kno ... ·n, rommonly, •• unemployment.

Thl, rommon tnemy of man, aEide from depldinc the ~knboo", ma rket buket and tlnaneu In gt'nnal, is bad On the werker hilMC'U. It i, a bad distu rber of dbdpllne and rnaku one Quite rUlty with t hp hirkf'Y. uw and dleL Such thing. as Ohm', law. wire and pillt tab le., and II hOlt of neee ... ry rule. and ellentlRII a re laid a.lde until such t ime •• we're busy again.

After a careful pnunl of this month'. JOtlRNAL we find it. almost invllriably reo ported that wor" is Karee throullhout the eountry .nd allO in Canllda. Thll .or! o f mak ... It un.nimoul, and abould make UI all fHI better. accordin .. to cer tain .j(eneiee, ..hl('h .I ... y. try to IOOthe UI by polntin!!: out that oth(r IM!Ct;onl are IIOt be'ter 0" than .. e .'". P""r ron ... latlon. feedln .. UI a dose of other', misery and u~ing that as a .alve for our .. eund •.

We rf'ad with intnelt the letter of l.<K'al Ilnion No.7, in which they !live an interut_ ing sccount of the we nderful in tere8l and co-operntlon Ihe ~Icetric lil\"ht toml,any In their territory hu. ohown. Thl. being lueh a rllre quality in B utility I'nn'I'"ny mRk~, It III the mou Interuting nnd grllti fyln,. WI would IIk(' to .ee loch a ('onditiOn morl prevalent throukhout the ceuntr)" bUI whr ohould wC' uk Impo .... ibilitiu!

88 The Journal of £'lecll'ical, lI'o)"krrs and Opcralo,./i F ebrual1J. 1.1)31

Anothn IlIler ... llnll; leun w .. that of !.oul No. 370. SremJ .. though th.t'~

their tint «ntu~ In these columnR. I.e! U5 have mo", of your letters as "'"I! eln utu", you your very de.,riptivl! iettu ..... Ifrutly appreciated and read .... ith Inleteat. No timidity ahould atop you. You'", one of Ull.

Send in your contribution. (1C'U.u.) ntfu-1 .. ly_ We',,.. ur.' that Brother Editor wel­comes )'OU with orx'n "rma. Am I not riChl!

We note thAI IIrother Broach It 111 finda time to contribute .orne of hi. IIpley little parBgTilph.. Thl, II quite remlltkablll tom­ing from • mall .... ho II ao bUIY with hill other dutlea. Seem. that he mull be " glut­Ion for work.

R. S. ROSr.MAN. ----L. U. NO. 41 , BUFFALO, N. Y.

Editor: The uaunl eleetlolL /Iud Inalnllntion of d­

neon which hRa heen It ~'early tradllional CUllom In our 10(:/11 union did nol mature this yea r. W" ca n bo thankful to the new con· Itltution (or tM, lIB the officeTi of this 10(::)1 have bUn very bUI,.. with a new IIgreement and caring for the unemployed. Several of ~he .hops here IIro working on shirtl or three d.yI. •

The put th,"" YUri h .. leen D .Ieady im­pr.vement h' handling telcphone .... ork. ItOy LeI!", the .... I.t.nt bUline .. represent.th·e. h .. had nCt!ptlonaUy rood reaulU to rrport in an CUQ invol.,in. thia type ()f .... ork. The outlook for cettin, more 01 thil ... ork i. 50

,cod that aever.1 membera arl! taking a eoura In cable splicing. Th, course i. being olfered to our Journeymc" memben .. t the Sen~. Vocational lIill:h School. Brother Arthur Whitney, e "eteran member of our loeal. il the Instructor.

At our l'CS"ular meeting a report r ... ..,hed UI tbat Brother Stanley White .... ho II in Schenectady. N. Y .. II in the hOlplt.1 for In operation. Althouah we unnot vi.it you penonally. T am lure that the membfors of this local hope for a lpeedy lind completo recovery.

Local No. 41 h .. jUlt Impro.,ed their steward report card Iyltem. The original Iy.tem wa. ,Imllar to tho one used In Balti­morc, Md .• whero Brother Bierctll had ~o much SUCCUI with It. Here sglllin Roy I.eff. the .. ai.h"t bUllne.. mlnager. deMrvel credit u It WII' l!rActlc.Uy hi, progreuh'e attitude that brought It into actua l belna in Buffalo.

It re<julrea much Ume to file and hke clUe or the report" but It I. worth it. The mem­ber'a Ibn ding un be all(ertained In a few minutel by look in.: at • CIIrd from the file. The report on file Ilv .. everythlna: regarding hil employment.

_____ -=o~. C. HoLZER.

L . U. NO. 53. KANSAS C ITY, MO. FAilor:

It iI not our habit to take iuue ... Ith the dllferent ... rlters ... ho ... rlte for the \\"OlIlU:1: hOIll their local e.,ery month. but that one In thfl January Wou:a from L.. U. No. 2.&!). Toledo, Ohio. by Brother Dukeshlre. de­mendl that ... e t.ke luue ... lth him In a friendly wey. lie CIO~fli hia article With a tirade agalnat the Hoover adminhtration on unemployment, the farm qUflitlon, 101· dlen' In.urance, be ... r, and a few other things, thn clOlea hla artide by eaylnjt he did not ... ole for Al Smith, either. Wen. Brother. how eome the very thinga th.t you leem to want were the thin~ that he Itood for? He never Itrnddled any of thc qUill­tionl you Ipeak of, his honelty ..... never questioned, lind hll r ecord on labor .nd progrenlve legillation w.. beyond re­proach. And you, a union labor man, aay you did not vola tor h im. elthcr.

And now you rave over tbe .a)' things turned ouL People get about what the)' "ote for. Mr. Hoover made himself dear on mo. t of thele thinp. When Smith came out for I'ublic owneHhlp or pUblle.control of power. llr. noo.,er aald. "No; ... e ... iII not interfere with bUllneu." When AI Hid ... e might .. well mllke lome money on this beer bUllne .. instead of giving It .11 to the bootlegcer, lIerb Baid. "No: we will carry on the noble u:periment." When the br-mera cried out from the ... ilderne ... AI ... ent out to see them and told them he ... ould give tbem what they wanted. Hoover told them he ... ould ull an extra aeliion. The line .... ere elearly drawn on an theu! quu· tions; both men were honelt In their con­vietionl .. to how thele thingl Ihould ve ... orked out. A nd the people rhose Mr. Hoover's plnn. You and 20.000.000 million others didn't vote for Smi th elthrr.

Your own Ilate, Brother I)ukeshiro. went agninlt AI', plan by IIbout 500.000. In .plte of the IlIrge urban populntlon. Your atll te il not rurn!' The 1 {l30 cenlus ~howl urblln, 4,507,371; rural. 2.139.326. So the city work. er In Ohio. like the farmer In Tloo.lerville. thouaht thlilt Hoover', Hn mlltonlan policy (a polley of everyone for hlm.elf, the de.,LI tllke the hindmost) wal wh.t we ... anted and that'. what you're gelting. plus. People get what they vote for. The heel ..... on the neck of labor for yea,. and ... hen we cried tor aid to the farmer and .man busl­neu man our cries fell on deaf ean. They were Hamiltonians, every one for hlllllelf. "lond It w .. JUI\ too bad It the hut hurt; but they could not help men .. lth lurh Ide ... aa labor had. No ... the heel la on their neck also and are they yelpinK-and ho ... r Re­member how tbey l:Qobbed and lynched the organlzen in Arkana .. ; ho .. they went to the aid of lIenry Allen .nd hi. Indu.trl.1 ~ourt law. The pre .. at that time .. Id the farmer and bu.ineu man .... ou ld stand by law and order, .. nd they did. Now they want help from labor, the octopus .eem. to lcare them.

There .eems to be a law ot b.lance work. ing in the cconomic ICheme of thing'; and it is lurely balnnc.ing up nllctly 11.1 the (larly labor prophell like Deb. laid It would. It used to be that labor w .. the only drug on the market, but now wa hnve (omp/lny with the furner, the small bUllnu. man and tho white-collnrcd gentry.

Brother Clough ley gllve you all the local news lut month and. III thinII'I are about the Slme In Kans .. City ns they ar~ ever)'. where ebe. I don't tee what I could add.

T. Me.

L. U. NO. 77, SEATTLE, WASH. Editor:

It ... ould SHm almo.t hopele .. to .dd any· thing to that ... hh:h h .... Iready been .. Id on the .ubJect of unemployment and the vlriOUS lIIethod. that ha.,e bef'n adopted to IlIe.,iate .ame. "owev~r. the writ ... r wIll attempt to de­

..elop an Idea pertaining 10 our Indu.try thlt can be trif'd in a .mall ... ay, at a .man cost of time .nd expense •• nd If found feuible can be enlaflCed to meet the .Itnatlon, and In addition if ... orkable ... iII pay III .. ay in carrying out the proaram.

We kno .... that tbe world 1rUuld like to turn bad tlmts Into good t[me.; we kno ... that too much Ume II beinJl' lpent In Idle theorltlng. and wo know that tick of buyIng po ... er. busine .. depreuion and unemployment move in a viclou. drcle.

I'erhap. we cannot cure all the various evils, but It the varioua Interelll of the elec­tric.1 Indullry ean and wlll gel together for the purpo.e of conducting .. campaign of proper wirinlr, iIIuminaUng Ind the ut i l ;~a-

tion of modern convenien~el we can at leut do our part in correctSna the present altua­tlon. It Is a well known (..,t that mOlt hou_ and buildin,. unle .. v ... ry n!CI!ntly built .re not adequately ... Ired. are not cor­rectly lighted. and that modern convenience. are not readily ae(e!IIIlble.

If one were to .et down and lin an the pouibllitle. th.t are .... iling the electricat indu&try it would be lurprising. It la not that the ... orld haa not had .n oppOrtunity of obtaining complete electria&1 helps a. they ba"e been available right along. but It il .Im. ply a question that the user h.s not kno ... n In ho ... many waya eleetrldty could be mOte of a benefit to him. And the con&umer will not know unlO!!s the ele<-t r ical industry car· rica thla menage to him In language tha t cnn bl' understood.

lIy the elcetr;cIII Intluatry 1 mean tho power company, the electrical cont rllctor. tho supply house and the Journeyman. 11 they were Jointly to aen d n r epresen tative on I. huue to hou5e and buildinlf to building Illr vey, lind this representative WII~ R('1IInle nothing, simply giving ndvko III to hllzerdOlls ...Iring. the convenience o r properly located rt('eptacles and switchel, lIInd the elimination of eye atrain thllt p roper IIghtinll" unlla would re.lievc, and what modern IIxturu ... ould add to a room, .nd bow oulllide lIIuml. nation would forestall prowlers. he would find a r«epti.,e ludienCt!. J believe thla earn· palJ1\ would be developing an almolt un, touched market. Any bank or commen:I.1 houlle would finanee thia plan so aa to permit a tlnMI pa,.ment plan.

Then there il Chriltm ..... ith its coming el~trical decorating. Indi"ldu.ls. (Ommu .. l. tiea and cities are .... inrlng behind thi. ei ... lc holiday movement. Then our streeta .... Ith few exceptionl are not adequately IIghtf'd Another tbought. the Illumination of hiah­way •• It is O!!timated that a properly lighted hlgh .... y ... uld make it utcd :!1 hOUri per dny. instea r just a daylight road. thcnby eliminating tbe neceulty of wideninJl' or building an additional rOld, therefnro the cost of such ligbting ... ould be more thlln olf. let by Increasing the efficiency of the exlstln" road. to .. y nothing of eliminating the mlny hUIlTdl of night driving. This list of po .. l· bll!tlel can be OJItended Indefinitely.

The results would be more wiring ... n<l bot­ter wiring; more materlllli. lind belter matcrill!; more illuminltion. lind bettor illumination; snd more use. of electrical cu r­ront; the entire electrical industry would be better 01T nnd the ... orld would be the richer and the Kniner of this co-operative movement.

FRANK TUSTIN.

L. U. NO. 98, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Editor:

One more yellir haa come and Jl'one, and look[ng back through that y .... r. our first thouaht " that it baa been • very bad one, \'ery little ... ork and too many men to do It, Yery little mon ... ,. and thia apread too m.ny ""ya. While thi. i. true there il a1lo an· other vie ... that .... e in Philadelphia mWlt not lose ,Ight of. and that II that while we haye b('l!n hard hit, the nOD-union men and con· tradon have been hit jUlt al hard. IC not a Uttle harder, and tbia rell1Ove, some of the­nlln·union shoe·atrillfi:" contr.ctors frorn tht" picture .utomatieaUy, and while there lin! no fljturu we have reaaon to believe the re haye been quite lome effects.

We havfl in a way been 1(1rtunate In thllt from I'lIIn:h to October ot thl, )'ear we hllv~ been bUIY and at lW(I period. of this time

"C'ould not .upply enough men to meet lhe. d ... • mand nnd were plel80d to call in men from other local •.

From O~tober I. our unemployment h ... becn steadily incrcl8ing and, bel:"inninl: th(·

F ebruUMJ, 1991 The Jour1lUl Qf Electrical JVork('r,~ and Operator:l 8D !AU week In November, VIet! PreaideM Klo· ter, with the eo·oper.tlon of the contrActoR, iutAlied • 1)'ltem of rotation of employment .... hereb), the unC'mployC'd lII"I:ured pan time.

EA('h mAn C'rnployed IAYA orr one dAY ptr week .nd one unemployed man aub.titutel unUI he h .. made 32 hOUR, when he ia re· pla<'C'd by ."vU",. mAli vut of work unUI he UlAkel 32 houn, and so on. Thla then givC'. the employed man Il maximum of ~2 houn per week and 20 ptr eent of the unemplo)'ed 32 hOUri .. ch "'Hk. This ayn.m hili plaeed "14.000 In tbe handa of our otherwise unem. ployed In the pA.t nve ",·eeka.

In addition to thlA, men employC'd who could not be replacefl I'In II jnb, RUl'h u forr men, Joba requlrinll' only one man, or those on lpeclali«d work, h.ve been contributIng one day '. pay per week to relieve any 1111'

tre .. that mllht exl.t among the memberlhip. The or"anl""llon progrnm I .. now In full

!wlng. with I nte rnational Ortllniur Ja(k Queeney a nd an organizIng force of P. J. "'oley and P. J . Sullivan. nH under the leAd. ershlp of VleC' I'ruldent Kloter, welding the unorganiled .hop. Into line.

We have hIlt cloled threC' ,hops that have been outside our ranb for a good many yi.... and one of these we are happy to ItAte hAS wlpC'd out an injunction It held againlt UI for the pa.t 20 years.

We are rullalng l!1'ery day thAt we hAVe been 'l'C'ry la. jll "'VIII~jl;lIJt' atatiatlc., and now that the Inte rnational Office h .. made it mandatory on coach local union to prepare a ~ard aYltem for refC' rence and for further Information , It In II d('Cidcd .tep forward.

T he educational aYI~em h .. been enlarged to tnke care of .evenl cianCI of journeymen In both Satu rday mo rning and evening SeI­

.lona. (,In~~ft are no .... (unctioning In elK . t r ica l theory, p rftctice, cable . pliclng and mathematlcl. and In addition to the apllrC'n· lice cJlI~ae. tbere are nbout IGO Journeymen en rolled.

Attendance at the journeymen 'l ~lasle! il for the pruent voluntary, bu t if in ~he event It I. fou nd necesary ntte nda nce w11l ba compul!ory.

The holiday. are now gone and we trult t hll t they were e njoyed by the enllre memo ber. h ip. We In T •• U. No. 98 hnve endenvorC'd to bring 1\ liule cheer and warmth Into the homea of ou r membe r. who hive been un· emplo)'ed or m, and It i. cenalnly to the credi t of Loul No. 98 t hat thi, or&,anl~ed errort waa mada in tbi, dire<:lion.

A n appy and rro,perou. New Y~ .. r ia lIlB wllh we are orrering to ev~ry olllcer, local and membC'r of tbe I. B. E. W.

JACK W£UIAM.

L U. NO. 106, JAMESTOWN, N, y ,

,.:ditor:

W ... rk around here b very bad and no pro'~la in light tor any thin&, In the near (uI\lre. The.e II qu.te a littlo work to be done In the nenhern end of the county on the ehan,e over hom 2:; cyel .... tv 60 <,ycle". but that I, in the j\lrbdlction of L~al Ne. 593 and thC'lr Kale la whatever they un Kf't-40 to 75 cenll per hour. A ~ommitl.ee fmm this local 11'" over thl .. today and thay were informed thnt the local i, about ahot .. far a. the wiremen lire ('on~C'rned. It Ie<!'ml al thou"h ~he InteTmttionll! Office could lend nn orll'Anller In t here and help tho~1\ hny~ O\lt. God knowa they need hell' lind need It badly, TheIr condition. have II tendency to hrellk down t he condition. of i.oul No. 10Ii.

Thll loeal I. puUlng on n alng pnrty in our hall ~'eb rUliry 1-1 (Snturdlty), lind PrO invit_ Ing 'lIli the membera of I .. U. No. IH, Wllr· ren, I'n., omcer. and I'xecutlve board memo he .. o f L()('lIit No. ,II, Buffalo. And No. ~6. ~i l·j~. 1111'0 whd membera n f I.. U. No. 50:}

Another W inner

IIA n l OND AN DERSON

I.ut )'ear S. II . ShaughnC'lIY led the low tension claal conducted by Local Union No.3 lind Stltnley & Pll tter son, manufacture ... Ill. re(ord wu 100 pe r «nt. T hi. year Raymond Alldeuon cfl.tru;~ olr lI1$t pr1~e-poor Itl.d; he feli ~hort one·hnU of one per ceM. III. ~rltde Willi ollly 994. per cent. Thb da .. 18 \lnique in that the Itudenh have co·oper . nted III otfcl'1ng p ractical .uggett lon. to man. ngemC'lIt for more advanced UIII! o f equipment.

that Itre left, for a general exchange of view •.

Ou r eXl'cutive bOllTd i, functioning 100 p~ r cent and when the work break. we wiil be In a position to advance And live up al r i('tiy te the new constitut ion.

Our o ld war hone linancial Afcretary, t·. J. Kruger, hall been eonlined to hil home, and I. only able to move about ~u!lonally on cr\ltches. o r by the help of hb wife. We are in bopea that he will be about aoon .. "'1' mi .. hia amiling faee and advice at our meetin,...

Brother H . .If . Higb)- buried hb mother. in· law today.

There are bctween 150 and 260 linemen, atatlon operato .. , radio Ilnd battC'rymC'n. allO ahop mC'1'I In thia town that do net carry cardl. J.m'.Il1 Nn. 106 haa tried re. peatt'dly ~o get them In the local bUI fal1C'd. :'Iaybe If indueemellh We'rC' pUt up to thtom they might be Indined to ha"e A local of tht-ir hranrh or the trade. If a good, live organizer came in here and just worked on Ihm IIlon~ with the help of Lo('1I1 No. 106 he might be able to do what we hnve been unable to do. T hera a re two tigh t and power COml)aniu here.

A!! of u. read Brother Uroach'! com. menla in the WOII K1:n. nnd fro)1) them w. Ret 10tl1 Ilf foo d f OT the\lght .

T his local meets the nut li nd third ~f o n . ,lay. of cllch month. E.ecutive bonrd meel' t h(' ,econd "nd fourth Mondays.

W . 1(. M .

L. U, NO. 113, COLORADO SPRINCS. COLO.

Edltor ~

Our dty had a " ery wonderf\ll year in 1930. We f\lrnished construction joba to mOlt of the atate and IAcrifked o\lrselvea ~au .. thne conlrAclon, for I"ck of nppn! elAt ion, hrought in o\lllide eledriul and other building cont raeton to do thei r work. and. of course, vacated with the cash. and th. people .~ home remain to ronA"m" whitt la too lIlIlan for tbei r eondderation and remuneration.

We fall to 5('C why our chamber of com. mel't't! adv;! ... til buy at home and in turn fall, to aasist the const ruction of our elU. un.' building jobs, by admonishing them to have home an'hiteeh, general con.t ructlon tonttaclOn, 11110 all of the , vb ('onlnclora on thei r job~ and thus l!nve much of the money In the home town, " 'hich 'U ppI1l.11 them 1111 of their IU5ten lince, prosper ity, etc. Well. or conr.e. money "'a3 mnde round and tha t IIlun~ lulils It to t rnvel fAr f rom home. Yel, .11 would very much like to hne It

I)art In ita path of progreu. We hea ., read and t hink much abou t the

K~nerll l deprC'uion tha~ !lvw may cl.lm the "tlenllon of ou r citizen. and the nation lit large for lOme time. We read of t he vari. OUI causea, remediea o r C\l rel for ou r na. t ional malady, a nd by this aummlng up lta . n Illu<'h that may be the caUIII! o f ita pre&enfC' with UI. Each hAS an idea why lucb se rlou. arrllctlona vi,it us. Some believe it i, a~ lin epidemic o f fl. .. that swept t he g lobe in 1918·HI and is again approaching inter. national ill'lportance; this \In Tel! And lack of nat innal cnnfidence; this overproduction; t his lack of d i!t r ibution because or Insum. elen t funds to pur~hll8e back the enormou~ machine p roductinn t hat il now trying to nnd ('onlumption at 100 per cent p rofit. leem. to be one ~a.se. of the dep~ .. lon. 'l'he European indutr ialistl lin a lso mech­Anlalnlf', li nd, of course, a re faci ng limllar eondllionl. The age of progrell h," cap. l ured our p rclII!nt civilization and we have {"iled to adJu.t our bU$inul methoda to It. We are trying-l mea n the corporatlonl,t­to msln tain a ll of t he l~ fto ve .. of t he pal t , II to handling p roduction . eli rn inJt'll. manage. m~nt , etc., in the reori;1<"j~j"lI" pe riud.

If a new ,),stem il bei ng usbered In and it la more efficient in productlon, mo re prof­Itable beeaule it leuena costs a nd Incre .. es thC' finl.hed product hy fewer emplo),eea, and incidentally redUCC'tl the in('omo ot t he C'm. ployee, lenena his buying power and the demands of dviJization are beeominlf' IreatC' r with fewer dollars to hnl' with It la ultuly fooll.h to maintain old workint conditiona 10 ftnd that remedy.

The civilization'. progre5a I. onl1 the tC'. aulta of man'a efforts, throuEh Inspi ration couptcod by hanl, <'Old lAbor, and bad!: of thi~ in'piration la an \lrge of \lniveraal appeal that pushll!J not onl)' one man but the whol. ra~. lIen~e an apJN1al thu. recC'lved II not the tho\llht of one brain but Ia from with. out and we .. y: "It'l in the air." WhAt i thla air IdeA! Nothing but planitar)' \lr~. and the &enlitive ones register It. Hence the ".L;"n and the world function along Ilmnar IlnC'S. Why have not the great lftol'inKbodicot. that giYe \II light. heat and thei r benefit. of ".,allOlIl. ""hen well upected togethc r, give tift thC' u rge tn lift all, .. ud 1I';II;n to depru. al1! Mlln i, a pllwn on the chus bOli rd nf life lind likP the tiny ant think. he I. n wonderful world with in himsel f .

1)1.1 YO" ever I". 8uch little concer n o ... n thl' hu"gH .. d lind starved. II! to uy, "Feed you r I\t<!l.'k whllt humnns need !" ('an 't 5(' 11 ilC('lIusC' there j~ nn market. aM tho" who ~ hould hllve might cr eate thnt market a nd eonsume the ~urplu8. fl llvl! we forJ«l lten'

,

no The Journal of Electrical Workers and Ope,.aton~ Febl'Ila/1}, l.fJ81

We called lhou .. ndl ,Iaeker. who did not aiv, to fl!t':d the allie. ,.,h,n murder ... rampant oyer the urlh. ~ow when needy 0"" Alk for work or bread. we have gran­'fiu lliled with ,oods and no purN! .!rings are loo.ened. Our lII:overnment hK!!at" to lupply the fundI!. and should another uU 10 .rms bt' .. k.d. will Ihi ... me Itovernment revtue Ihb p","ent conditl." and call peo­ple Ilackton through ita mouthpl~e.! Should the)' h,III.-.11' to 0erve' J wonder!

W. A. LO~BEY.

L U. NO. 124, KANSAS C ITY . MO.

Editor: L. U. No. 124 did not have lu regula r pic·

nil' last year 80 R d9nce Rnd cnr!! partr were given January 9. It Will our nut attempt (If

anything of thl , kInd, and will I'Y that the committee dId execiltlonnlly w~ll to sec tllat livery one IIl1d II good time. Ll~ht rcfre~lI ­nH)nl, wern lerved. Prhe. donated by thn eledrlcnl IUllllly deAler~ wue given AWAy lit II drllwing In which everyone prcHnt hlld 11

number. Thll party wal for member! nnd familiel. Four hundred and fifty-two were present when the drawlnR Itar ted.

Some of the boy. got to talklnl" about trap .hooting. Don't know whether It I. l ike !Ish. ing and huntinA' and ItOriCI that go .... ith them or not. but the Ulult of the tllking wa. that Brother George lIanline wa! ap­pointed to Hied tbe pllce and Ht the time, 150 we could find out about thla trap Ihootin!!, witb ftal action on January 17. Thirty d the Brothen entered the eonte~t of the Elli· rott Park and heft II the N!lult: Brother Fred Tedwell, tlrat, 20 out of !S: Brother Frank Mercer, aeeond, 19 out of 25; Brotber John Coltello, third, 18 out 01 25. No Broth. er Ihot under 10. Thil may not leem $0 good to I50me of the readen but It wal a dark day with a U,ht rain blowing In tha facn of the Brothl'ra al they were trylnll: to Ihoot. Brothcr Tfliwell Uled a borro .... ed gun in the match and dClcrve. all the more credit for getting flnt pl.~e.

I don't llko to tAke up time or IpAce In every letter about work in K"nall1 City. but It weeml .0 neceuary fit the newspapers of Kan~"1 City keep prinUnl:' pl~lurel of build­IngB and "IvlnR the Iml'relllon that they arc to be built or are bulldinjl'. Somll I noticed in an I .. ue R few weeki "11'0 hotl been fln· ilhed 18 montll. ago. We have had a IMge number of ou r own member. Idlc for some time and other Brotheu fro!l1 other local union., .... ho reid the Kanllll City pllper·, and came he~ expecting to KO rl!fht to work. in­stead of finding out the facti nut. So you 11'1' we have our hllnd, full with our own and thO$(! .... ho came beft and don't know .... here to go to. The buildinp that .rt' under way a~ n('lrly all Hnilhed and ther!! ia not any­thing to be .tarted _n th.t wi1\ employ mor!! tban a f!!w men. C. U. F"RI:UIAN.

L. U. NO. 145, ROCK ISLAND, ILL.

Editor: On thl, day, January :So 17U, Benja,?in

Franklin dllC'overcd the mon wonderful thmg known to the world today, and thereby created one of the grutest O"l'1l:anlution. in the world. You mlY think th.t thil iB a broad .tatement, but let IIny one ('ontradld me in thl •• tat!!ment and then we will lee how fir they .... 1\1 get.

Electrlelty la wonderful. Wllhout it I eeuld not belong to the "rentest organl:z.ation that any on~ eould belong to. We ha"e ou r litlle b,ltle. and big arltumentl. We u.y thinp, .... e do thlnp, we think we are right and the oth('r fellow wronIC. lind sometimCi .... e get oh 150 mad thllt we don't know whllt to do. But, Brother, 111 the time, away down in our heArt .... e a .... thinklnR or the Kreltest

orglniUllon in the world. Inny thl. If you can.

A lI('i~nt;'t tell. u~ that human Intelli· gence il 450,000 yean old. Yet .... e have men that cling to th!! iIIu$ion that they ('an tell the other fellow how \0 think. Now, Ben. Franklin discovered electricity. Let 10m!! old timer 1!!11 th!! youn .. on" Just who dt..covered the lrft.tHl organilatlon In the .... orld-the J. B. E. W. THa 511Dul'1'.

L. U. NO. ISO, WAUKECAN. ILL. Editor:

Now I am not tryln/t to kid mY14!1r or .ny_ one thllt we hive not h.d hard t[mn; we have. But did you ever think how nke It would be to lie In a hospital .nd h"v" lIomo o( your friend . come in to visit lind to tell ~·ou that they knew 10lncone else who lIad the 8ama kind o( Blckncu, and how th('y ,ufl'ered and nHer month~ of .Ieknen thnt tlley nn­lilly died.

How would you feel to have" friend to vl!it you who tnlked like thllt 1 j'('ople who nrc telling otllers t hllt thl. depr('l.lon II go' lng to last are In the ."me ela .. a. the BIlP_ pOsed friend.

The pt'uimin and the optimilt brl'Athe the same kind of air. but they u.le it dlll'erently.

Several Yelln 111:0, In Los Angele~. the busineu agent WII talking to the rank and nle. "Brothen," he .. Id. ".Iw.ya try to Jay lomething good .bollt your fellow worken. If you don't know any thine Cood, lie and .. y somdhinc good anyway."

When )'01,1 ft.d your mornlnl{ papt'r, ftad only the good newl and let the rnt 10 by.

While thi. depr_ion hat hurt, it ha. al~o taught lot:! of peopl!! (me, too) that It II possible to li,,1'! without working all the y!!ar .l'(Iund, Ind thll Ihould be a bil" (ador In Itllrtinll' the light for •• horter w!!ek.

In some relpe<:11 It II lih th!! letter our locll rec:eived from the International 011\« some time ago. The deprHsion made people .it up and tllke notll'l'. The lettn from the Internlllional orneI' made our \(It'al .It up, take noti~e, I!.OP, look. Ilaten Ind tlllllk. and we have made more prol!relll since r('('('lving Ihnt letter thlln we hnd In the IllIt 12 year..

We formerly h"d mc-etlu"" that Inlted .ev· eral hours, with" lot of uselel! rille chewing Ihllt did more harm thlln good.

Today our meedn". lall fron! one·hllf to one hour, Ind /111 the bUlinI'II brOUlCht be· fore it i,lIIken (,pre of In record time. AHer the meeting ia over we hAve fI clan In molor repair work. Thl. slnrted after the nut of Ihe ycar. So fnr the aUendnnl'e ha. b!!ell good and from the internt the bOYI hive Iho .... n In it, it looitl al If It il ,oinR to be a big thing.

There aft quite a few of our ia~r who know more about moton than they h •• e ever told about and when wI'! !fet throulI::h with our Hhool every membu will have a fair work­ing knowledge of motou.

We dill have a few men on the Itreell but th!!y get in a dlY or two now and th!!n. 50 it II nllt so b.d I' it might b4!.

I 1m "ny sorry that I mill!!d Kettlng a letter in the lut WOIIKEII, u I .... Intl!d to get in • letter "'ery month thi. year, 150 I 'll try to get io a letter for the ftmllnlng months Rnd start all over next ),ear to n •• ke a ringer.

One of the Brothert a~ktd why I didn't a.y somethinl( about the local Ind not write 10 much bunk. To please the Brother, I'll llIY something ebout the local.

Local No. \&0 It geltln" to bo a dnmn It'ood local. W. 11. RAtUI',fl.

NOTICE

If anyone knowl the wh!!reaboutl of William Thomlls pit .. !! notify Locil UnIon No. 329. of Sh reveport, l ,a,

L. U. NO. 163, WIl.KES-BARRE, PA.

Editor: I am It ill waiting to hear howls of protC"

and ('ritkbm after la.t montb'. outbunt but ..... nt til .tate that if lhue I. an), )'!!11inll' 10 be done com(' down to the m~t inr h.1I and yell, inllead of In tbe Ihop, 0 1

on the atreet (as i3 ulually th!! UH). We are going to get the organlution in line and organiH thinp on a hI,her level. You un make up ),our minds to that. and we',,· !!'Oing to do it, wbether you like it or not. You have been uaed to your own way so lonll:. that you ha"e rot into • rut, Ind we're going to pull you all out of it (tRke it· or lea"e It). I mean the contracton. tOO, but WI' are going to dart lit home fint and go right through. It Be!!ml to me that Ih. eontrllctorll 1If(! allied with lin organi!:nlion Ihut Ie mOfe detrimcntnl thlln benellcial. al far 118 thn electrical industry il conccrned, and nllow A man to dictate their polinle" who I. positively out of Itep with progr~lIl. or the mlll:hanies' " ;ewl and well-being.

lie II a mAn who has retired from Ih·.' ell'<'trirnl buinen (thAt II, IU Ppolndly) but ~till maintain. hh s .... ay •• ~ar of tbe eon· tradon, .nd when I lay ~ar I mean JUlt Ihat. Ill' plays the time and the othert dance .t'eordingly. He I •• man whMe vl.ion .nd capacity Cor tair dealing hav!! bC4!n .. ·.rl'f!'d and distorted horribly ILl far a. organized labor ia concerned, Ind it le('ml a pity to me that our fair contracton have to be domln.ted b)' a ch.racter of this kind. 81 he d!!lCCndw from • lone Une of .ntl unlonilll and he certainly II doing all h,' ean to pftHrve that "diatinction" and heritage.

Another thin" while I am on lhe lubJett. If any of rou w.nt to t.ke thil or tell it to the conlr.eton, indude thi. 1I0ng with II They yell that the union boYI bre.k the fity code. but they forget that they are to blnme themHlvcl and they also brenk the code by liWng ptrmill for Olhua to do jobs. I don't lIBy all of them. The one. who do it know whnt and whom I am talking about. fli I un .ute ,peclftc inltaneea, lome rerent, but 81

far .1 thflt is concerned It II all rut hit· tory and .... e should get together And hnve lin understanding in regard to futllre pollelel.

Tho locnl wi,hea to lnke this meana of WI'

tending Iympathy to Brothc n Urice. MncMI I­Inn and f'ranci. and Joaeph Hahn In their recent bereavements, 1\1 we feel it lellv('8 " "Rclney In their Jives that no one will be abl" to fill. "Gr.r."

L . U. NO. 193, SPR INCFIELD, ILL.

Editor: Another month hn p.ned, that melnl a

lot In m.ny '11'1)'1 .nd •• many dill'erent way. u there are people. F .. eh hili lome­thing to look or hope for that may be .ome what dill'er!!nt than hi. fel1owl'llen. Bllt we are al1 ('onvinced thlt lomething should bl done or .hould bappt'n th.t will make a change. Jun what it Ihould be we can not •• y. In our own calell We may be able to name the right thin, for ouraelvel, but how about the otbera' There are 10 m.ny of them. While in our own ('.Ies we may lugge!t reUef. that reli!!f m.y hurt more of other fellowmen. This queltion of gettiol( aWlly from thi" condition ia quite a bile lhing, .. It leeml no body of men appointed 10 rellt"e luch conditlona hllve yet found Iny WI)' of doing it. Our lawmakerl hllv!! done no better. We learn that great arlCU' menu ITO had at Waahlngton. Some Ire in favor of riving relief because they believe Ihe f/lrmer ne1.'d" it. Othe,. wish to II::lve much more lhan requeated because the)' may lee themselv" advllnced becaule of It,

February, 193/ The Journal 01 Electl'ical lVo)'ker8 and Operators 91

~ ti11 o ll ,~r , do not cn re eIther way bul JuH .... i.h to mike argulnent to embar rl.1 lome­body. Nor do they rare if the party they wish to PUI in that pol lt ion knnw, In)·thing about Ihe lubject or not.

Do ynu kno .... thU if the truth were lnown. it 1>. not 10 mucb th.t the farmer I. rl!'lUntinlf thl! relief as it I, the money lender. We do not "I'M IIny kIrk from th(' farmer nfound here anti we lire in tht dry t.one. It may be woue but 'I " kt)lt qu,et. ~108t ot the brmer$ orountl lu~re buy the "'ou I"'I'roved n",~hlnery and I"t It set in tht fl('ld JUII where they finj~hed untll t he nO!xt leuon and if it don not work when they wi." t ... u~ .. it "'1"in. new one. Ire secured, Il uid,,~, they mUlt bep up gooel riding tors. In order to go IlonK thU WI)' mOl t of thl'm mu._I borrow. Returning on time cau e. a squeue. Lookinll Ihead may ha"" hell,~d, but the fa rmer is not th. on I)' on('. We lire "II ",ore or 1115. running along In oboul the urne rut,

When Kooel tirn('~ strike UM Wl' g .. t drunk and as a rule I:ood times aI'" foltow .. d b)' bl1d effecu anti ~o it IIOU. It ''''lHn$ at if flU

<;Ine taru (<;I ~han" .. thing. u"til th.>· hurl a"d then it i~ 1l".·ncr.lI)· too late ."d M!IIU

ar .. th .. r .. ,u1t. l\el1rl)' ev .. ry unl' ,~ hurl.

ThOle who lire nOt duwn must hel l' th~ OnCl who are down.

T o ,"'t hu.inel~ lIoi nlt' a demand mull exist. To have the dpmand Ihe money mUB! be plac,'d wi th in rellch of t he ~ommon

people (th .. big bunch) who ar .. wllUnl( to bu), and con~uml'. Th .. elf«h would ,oon be noli~ .. d, If our Ilw mukeu could _0 re· nli"'e, the unions would B<;I<;In follow "II lind 00" our con,litlonl would bl'conu,' normal

"nd no one woul,1 be hurt by lhe "'1)'.", but the a"erng(' lif(' of workeu woultl be 1'1'0'

IQn~etl loy th~ n" .. <1"d re"1 obt"ine,!. ~honilr houu wilh ~hortl'r I,ay muu not be con·

:deH'" a. that wouhl multiply our troublea. Well, th. I!'Xpe<:tl'd II)' "II hal h't th. city

job. AI,,,ut IS were lo;d of. Thl' bu)'lng of new nluhlOUy will like th .. Incom .. of ahout Ih,.,(· months, hE'ncE' th ... lay otl'.

F. (' lI ost:.

L. U. NO. 2 12, C INCI NNATI, O H IO Editor:

Like I !tood ~"Il'wmnn I 11m determined to d r ivl' hon,., the "41uO' 4n,1 Impo,lo .. ,,, .. IIr thO' _ugge.livn off",,,d "the I.rl'viou i •• Ill'.

JU~I tu t .. fre~h )'our ",.moty on th. pre· \ 'ou. a.t,dt,. I suItKe~t"d thl1l .... try .om ..

\I:\\" 1'111 11. ITI I .I' \. 1:11,-,,1\,. Iot l'lI l\f;j·n: I.I , II I. IWI ,lf"T~ 1\ :1110\\1\1; "11~: "IIII,W Till 111"1''1'\ ' W \ 1' ;11'1' 1,1(: 111'1\1; .~ I \111\ Jill! "I:\TII'1. 11.1.I\1I111

" I)lt.I' l<f:ltnn: "0 \11'.\\\ 1\,'''1.\·.:1>

hlghpowtred 1I\les mauhlp In tryinll,lo get more work than your o rde r called to r, onc .. )'OU get located on the job.

D)' thil I m~an l uth Job~ u thanglng Ihe o ld . optn type switch .... for the entlOled,

AfE't)' ty~, thu~ ","mloallnz any rllks of dlnKer to the ownrr and hia employeu, re­locating li!thting unit" to lul t the needs of hi, plont, ~Ieanlnlr the lamp. and reflectors O~cl1";(lnal1y, thtrl'by getting more efflciucy (lut of hlw Hl(htlnll' Bfl1len,.

You mlKht ,uKKeU cleani ng and oiling ht. motors. thereby lengthenl"lr the IUe of them lind gi"ing h('tter ..:rvice. Thlna:. of thi_ kind are unally ntKI .. cted.

'fty. ir ...... ~,ibl". 1<;1 ;"'IJren the owner with th e ,,«nlity and the Importanee or Io.eeping hi. eledr!c Iyatem up to the . .. -quirementl of the underwrite"" for hy do­Ing this he will M eliminllt;n" fire huard. thllt lire prObllbl)' unknown to him. No Iioubt th ill wil] mean 11 reduetion In his in­_urllnce rate~.

There ml1y be lome open wiring that I. in bad . hlll'l' and allo unalghtly; why not try 10 Induce him to permit you to instllll this Ir t'Onduit' All of U! hav .. been on jobl whn .. we ha ... e made .ome remarkl about the deplorable condition of .ome part of th .. electric lySlem, thllt It ought to be r .. • l'I\ir~1l 0' r('plued, th .. n packltd our too" a nd lert the job without mlking Iny It· tempt to !rilt thl. work. You know pOlltive_ Iy thnt thl . II 11 fact.

Now then let tRch one ot U I take It upon ounelvu a nd make 110m" .. lfnrt to g", t thl! work in )llace of just crltici~ing the apo 1'~lI ranee of i t lind then forgett ing all ahout it.

It we are good enouKh 1ll •• mln to Induce him to do th.se thinC", ther .. by genln&, hla .. 1!'etMc Iyltem In good shllpo(' . you mirht IUj{KU l coming baek about once "vu)' thr .... months to look afte r .man repllirB that net'd "nention from time to tln'e.

If the ownE'r il at 1111 )lroll'rc~9ive, he will ~~~ the wb dom of do;nK th Ole thln"'l, even to allowing you to come back ocelilonllily I. thl. would be ve ry cheap maint .. nanc ...

There I, no reaton why w .. ahould n .. glect the opportunity of trying to help ourulvu, lind conunually depend on aonleone ela .. to keep 'IS .. mployed.

There are a l'Ood many memberB in ou r loral who Ilml' and I1gain, have gotten more work In extra" than the origin III ord .. ~"Il"tI tor, jUlt benuse they used I hltl .. comon lenle,

And now it beeome. my lid duty to r .. _ Ilort the death of Broth .. Joseph St .. ine. flrother Steine pUled awa, on Dec .. mber 21 aher I linKUlnr: iIIne .... r • .,ve0l1 )' .. au. Loul Union No. 212 whheR to extend ih _)'mpathy to tho family of thi l tlel.artell IIrother, W . ... . M1TTJlS!IO«'.

L. U. NO, 214 , C HI CAGO. ILL. ~:di lor :

AR:ai" you he"r from n. u. LOC RI Union No. :!H, ('hicllto. We hl1"e bt-E'n de"d ao long, .. fllr IU th" ,lm·N.tAL I, coneuned. that no doubt mlln)' of you ,,·ond .. r whether or not w •• re I1till In .. ",i.!!lence. Oh. yea: we 111\1 hold the fort on the (' .l N. W. R R, and f"Onaitll'rlnlt everythi,,1II' in ~eneral wa lire ~til1 o. k.

During the wllnlng month. of 1930 we hId the honor of havlnK pru~n t with u. both Inll:!rnlltiona\ Vice President M,cGlogl n and Internat ional Rcpre.entlltlve SIRtt~ry, who I"a"e UI aome Intl're.ting talk. on the new cOnltitution .. well III C'Ondltlonl in leneral. Th.nk to both of you; hopr to !lei! you lOOn IKlln! I mlllht Idd her ... th.t;t would bf!' a n Intere~tlng and eduutionll ¥r"tu re, Indeed. were It ponible for all of UI to reeel .... the kIte" that com!! to the olllt .... from nrother

92 The Journal 01 Electrical Jl!orker.'! o/Hl Ope/'(/tor,'1 "'cbruUI'II, J 991

MeG1oII'an pcriodiully. hatreating commenl!!. Brothe r.

Tht)' are I!O full of Keep them <,ominlC.

No doubt, many of UI, con,idering reo trenchment. that WI':N! made In our .,.,. en­velope.. have come to tbe conclusion Ihn we have not .«<Impl ialled th llt which WI! had hoped fo r at the beginning of the year. Some of UB nre pc rhll])s "rcgu8tcd," 115 Andy would Bay it. Not &0 with the writer . lie rememben his dad remarking t ime and time again that one of the grNlclt union. that evel'" e:dstfli came into bein« dUI! to II depru­aion. O ... t "'in tho .. days" they did not wait for it to come to them. They went out lind broulCht home the bacon. So, likewite, you Brotheu who {«I that way. go home and change ahin.. and eome back .tronger than ever. We un do It.

At our meeting' , and I I UPpOM tblt i, the cue In general, wo lee almolt continually the u me tace_tbe loyal 5 per eent, dolnfl' the blalneu tor the other 95 per cent, eon.tRntly .aublnr the intere.~ ot aU. And yet, we hay. those who are eonltaMly offering crltl. dim, .ametimu delt rueti..-e, "gang .a·and·1O are running the loul." Well, boya, thOH ot you who teel thllt WilY ahould at thia time make a Ncw Year's re!lOlution-ltellOlvcd, That In the fu t ure t am going to aHend meeting. to '" what it I. all about. Thank you! We, the loyal 5 per cent, wish to .tate at thl l time thllt unlel' you give UI your "llltance, we anI going to "run" the local In what we eonlider the belt interests of an conce:rned i rTetipective o f .11 the criticllml you rna , han to offer on the "job."

The year ahead of u. has • lot in s tore tor 111\ of UI who work on r ail ronda. Wght now, at thll writing, there is 011 foot a COlllollda. tlon ot • gr eal many railrolds into four lar"e trunk IYltema. Whit doe.. thlt mean to yeu! BeHer Inquire, The only irrefut­able agency th . t will do all in itl pOwer t" protec t your Intereat il your union. ('orne .Iong. you who lit on the fen ce. join U" 10 th . t we can preaent a united fnln t tor our inlereita. Come ride with ' UI .nd let our train Iud you through the da rk clouda tbllt lit present envelop you to that light which only you r orgallizstion can brighten for you.

Our new eOnllitution II now in etreel. Some of u ~ are nol perhapi II well IIItl_fled al we would like to be: bowl'vu. It WII 10 ord.ined by a larjtf! majoTil, of our memo berahlp, includlnr our lotal . Majority rules. 10, tberefon!, Itt ul 1;"0 al"lll{ with It in the Rplri t that it II the will of thl' majority lind IIblde by ita eonten~. If a chlnge i, dulred I"t UI USe the rulu therei n provided for mak ing thOle ch/lngu-let UI not become 10 lIu b ~trvient for our selfish inteTCBlII thpt WI' lo ~e ,Ight ot tho m"joritY'1i In tercst~.

AI we underltand the .Ituation. Brother Wutgard. ou r reneNiI chairman. il dolnl:' lOrna wonderful work in oraani&ing the elf'('· tridanl on one of our ea~tern roads: lik"wl,... tho other ~preaenti l lve_ on railroad~ are dolnl:' a It'r ellt 1)I"ce o( work. i.et us hope that they ,,"ll\ bo luecessful in Ilnillll:' thl! boys UI) 100 per c-('nt. (or it is only through a 100 pe r cenl organl .... tion that we will be able to ~.In our de.ired ends.

In conclusion, permit UI to IIY to you. who may 00 prellt':nted with un a,)plication to join ua, s tudy it carefully. analyle it carefully. and when you hue done tbllt, you no doubt will come to the eonclulion that you h.d bet· ter join in with UI. You will a]ae lind tblt the profits derived trom being 0 member nre the Itrea tellt Ilnll'le l)i!!Co ot benefit thnt enn be had from IIny (orm of Investment. Wo who are orgnniled on the "ilroadl lpeak to you in earned Iincerity. You who lit on tb. l ence, m.k. that jump to"'lrda UI, and ile a re lure thlt If given earneat con,lde ... • tlon you will never live to regret It.

A. M. COUtu.

L. U. NO. 226, TOPEK A, KANS.

F:dllor: Tbi. is the fir.t tim~ in the hialory of

Kanillft, I bi-lieve. when all branchu of labor, including the tlrm or!!lIniJ.lltion. u united in gelling brUer libor 1110'1.

All the different <:rlrt". Ine1udinll' th~ State 1\. F'. ot I. .• the State ('arpellters, the State Brick AlMona, the Mlneu, the farmers lind the four Ilrot herhoo(b' legis]atlve committee· men, are united in a Itrong orglniution an,] hive. n!kular room furni~hed them by cour tely ot the kovernor at the ~tate hoUlt'. If we don't gu re~ultl thiB yrar we nev'" will.

We wish to thank the loclIls over the .tale for t heir CO·Olle rltiOn in puttinR ou r bill .no... Whether It p.uea Or not "'e "'iII have done our' be~t. And lifter RII It I$n't I.o<:lt l Union No. 226'1 fight Rny more thllll the rn t of the Itate's.

Only one local lent UI an)' complaint .nd they kicked on paying IIOmethlng for Pnltec' tlon. Is It Iny wonder they have no .ar: Kale in that lown! We don't get any thin!! that we don't pay for In thl. world. And if we nren't willing to inve.t a ]Ittle 1n our job or union it may d(!eJde whelher our Joh or ullion will IImount to much. No one in thl. world will feel ca\Jed UJl<ln to help lOrnI"

body whO; won't help hlmlelt. J . R. WOODIIUI.I"

---L. U . NO. 230, VI CTORIA, B. C.

t;ditor : The Vancouver Dlily Sun, • piper who!J('

broad, dear·eut viewl on labor queatioll$ have won l or It a very larg. circulation. especl~lIy among the liborlnit clau, hu this to lIy in a n artlde written hy one of theit "t,,"-- R. D. Bouchette.

lie lay. In part N!g.rding- the "Buy now slog.n'·. which hal bi-en advanced among othe r IIChemea 10 help end the prl!l!ent deprel5ion:

"We IN! urged to ' Buy now'. All over ('anada .nd the United Statel the popular prell hll. been exhorting u , to trike our . paro dollara out 01 chancery and to pu t t he m to work. Inte rnlltionally cin-ulated mlguinea hIVe been prlntina: little 'lIu), now' I logani throughout their pletl.

'" b.ve no complaint I,alnn the movement. rven though ita chief beneficinl" are the bllt' adverUl en. who proha bl)' Inlpired the Idea in the IIrst place.

"nut I would augaest that the .hnple81 l11eanl of persuading the COIlBUmf'r to 'Buy now' il to give him money with which to do the buying.

" lie can hll.rdly be blamed for hoarding a portion of hi. earnin". when he II eon­fronted with the pO.wbllity of either lo~inli: hi, job or ""orking for tfdueed ply.

"If capital is prepared to make .. c r ifice! to restor. publ ic conllden~, capital can quickly end thift deprelllion. W. lire told Ihllt II decline in buyinlt' power I, lhe main trouble. Why not then Increalle wftgu gen­Hally! The desire to I I)end will do the ~.t."

Mr. !louchette ,oes on to lay: " In thear)". of eOUfle, Ihis l ugge_tion is

impra~ ticabte. Any !!Conomist could Ihow )'OU that It I_to UM the timeworn expres· ion_fun damentally unlOund. "Thil II bee.UM we b.ve been tlught to

believe u a eardinal truth. th. t capital "'UAt not be hampered. It you e.·lImlne this ~ hibbo!eth wi t hout prejudice I think you wlll conclude that It II another way ot laying tb.t the consumer mUlt hold the big.

" Anothe r obvious reaaen again. l Ruch a proposal il that we are prone to dlvo~1' the perlOnal (!Icment trom ffonomi(.l. We 0)'

that capital mUlt not luffH be<"lu"1" we eon· .ider ~ap ital .~ an IMI. We o"crl""k the

tan thai Ca,)ilat'l eonstituents li re a numbe' of Individuat. who have acquired a lot of money. In other word., we forget th.t although it would work h.rdihipi upon P bu.lneu to jncreaM wagel when It Waf;

already 101lng money, It would be no bard· Ibip . t aU upon the individual or ITOUP who con trolled thlt husine... Coed tlmea have enub]ed thue men to build up a Te Re rVe nf wenlth."

Since my I .. t lette r the line ganK'_ howl. inc leam h .. !rOne rnlm bad to worw 10 1 h.ve made up my mind to Itep in Ind takc control of their tr.ining. I h.ve al ready wired :'Ilajor lloople to come and lid n. anlatnnt ua lnn . In future the team rn\) ~t

Ibltain from . 11 ftpirituoul liquor and rllt out Imoking eithe r their own or other peo. pie" tobacco. I propole a Itrid diet ot dried lippII" and beana with one buc ket of wllter a day .1I0wed to ellch one. Further lh ~y must each reti re to a pldded cell pnlmptly at i o'd~k each night exce:pt when bowling. 1 have no doubt tbat if my orden .ra Implicltl,. obeyed that the team _\11 bt' the outstanding fe.ture at the ned Olympl,· Gomel. "SII ,u'PIC."

L. U. NO. 262, P LA INFI E LD , N. J . .:(Iltor:

The JOl'MNA1. bill not rl!f'eived any new~ from Loe,,1 No. 262 (or t he pllst tew month~.

" m lOrry to IIY, but 1'1\ try to do my 00'1 thll month to bring OUT .verage up to wbt'rf It Ihould "-among the beadlinera who write such wondutul ne_1 of _h.t II I;oln~ on lind taking place ill other locola in differ. ent elties.

Well, we ~ust held our I1l1It D!!Comoor meeting lind /I "ood cr6wd Wla on band- the lime old bunch ot fello .. that .ttend all the meeting.. You know tblt you'll .I .... y~ lind a lot 01 hoYI ltayl ng home on the cold December n lgh l.l hUAAing the ir old fire pOts. or what have you!

I h.ve not the I lightellt Ides whn asked lh. quution why the preu tee ret.T')' hal not bad II ny newa In the WORItU. " Well. _here'. George J aek!lOn!" IOm~ on ... ked. "Oh! Oh! Not here tonight ! Well. Borry, we'll have to put lomeone e lllll In h il pillce." Poor GeoTgf fell down on the job I nd the old 1I),lne, "Let Ceor,e do It," could net apply here.

Our worth)' prftldent, "Big Bo)," Bill Sblllfer, 'Bke<! different onel to take the P~II ~rell~Y" job. but it zeemed no .ne liked to ta~ kle It. Well, to mike. long IloT')' 8horl. Dill IIIked me to tackle It. So, I'll do my belt to h"ve " line or two In every month.

Well , to fttart with, tblnl:;l are darn tight here--what I mean. We have over h"11 our lotal working for "Street and Walker"_ft line eoncern to work lor. We wear out Ihoo­le.tber buntine for • job . The other halt are lI'orkin.r a couple daYI out of e.ch week. SeTTy to think of Chrillmu right on top of UI with work the way It I, around he re.

It doesn't look as if t bero were golnlt' t e> bo many of the boys olltlng tu r keyl on thl' big da y which ellch one nf UI lookl forward to. The way thll old world of OUll II at th~ present tim., I guess we'll ha ve to grin .nd bear it. We li re tTying to arrange !lOme kind of a .... ay to relieve the unemployment situa · tlon in our 1()('.1. It just leemS the bottom bal faUen out in our line of work. Well. here', hoplne thf ne .... year will brink forth good tidingl tor all of UI throughout the country.

We ll, Kettln" back to the preu 'f'Cfetnry Jo b. It is on e In which n fellow can lay what be likes about the other fellow. and thel' h,ve to like It. So here goel. I don't kno ... If George JaekllOn said anytbing about • CrotheT De WItt Ven Ntflt. Well. be tripped III .arne of the reqt of u. did end took UlltO hlmulf II .... U,. I beard be'. Ilayine home

•

f"'ebl'uary, 1991 The Journal of t.'lectricm Workers a.nd Operatol·.~

pretty clole nia:;hill to helll wit~ the home work. Oh! Ohl You are all wrong. bOYI. jun hellrd .ome one "Y. "Why. hll wife il • 8('hool te.therl" I wonder if DeWitt hili won any more Qf thQse "head and feet but bQd)'leu" turhy. thllt the public lle r vlce bOYI K8VC out 111M ChrtSlm ...

Yel, lind we have Andy with u!. aL!o. fie h .. blen runnln&: duck linn on .. job ~ long thllt we hllve h"d to thange hli nlekn!me. "Shrimp," to Qur Qwn litt le "Duekle Wutkie" Weltern •• nd he h .. to tlke It.

I .Imo.t forvot to tiLL you wa haVi • rn.1 <purl In our local and he'! a Sc:otchman at that. Wetl, the lport I! BQb C'nrtwt1I:ht. lie took all thl! bQY' who IIttended • mHting at Ihe Trenton 10(11,1 to a .well dinner. Some rI .... to the boy. I'll oy that he wa. very \I'iIllnl' to pay. But that IlIn't all, Tbe Sc:otchman PIH the bill on the noor at our I.~t meetint lor the Locnl tQ (oot. Well. he', .. b~d /\I the Sc:otch tMher \I'ho !aid to hll Ion. whom he took for a walk one day: "Son,. what .hoel have you on!" The boy replied, "My new one., fllther." "Then you hod bet. Il'r take lonrer ateps."

JACK 8. l'AlTf.Jl!JOI'I.

L. U. NO 292, MINNEAPOLIS. MINN . Editor:

:'Ilore than II. year ha. flown away on the .t~am of time linee the dre.d apeeter of ,· .. er·lnere .. lnc unemployment ,a .. e warninr: of itl devul.Ung approaeh. Then it hove~d like a dark .nd threatening .torm doud on our Indultrla' hori~on. TodllY the mOn!ter I. wllh UI. In (lur mldll, like IIOme Vlllt horri_ blo para,lte, lapping the energy and Itrenrth from our Indu1trial, commercial and eibnomle life, and lu .. inC In ILl wake in­dlilltrial deprtllion, bu.lne .. raUurll!ll, broken homn, ruined ligel, erime, .tarvatlon and death. Co~ld hUll1llnity be arnieted with a .. ~ater ealamlty! Could a nation fate a more aerlou. criJis 1

FOT ,eneratlons we ha"e ut quietly by and watehed unmond our mech.nieal and Indultrlal development out-diuanee our aoeial, moral and politieal development by c('nturiu, dfll&,ged into a dangeroul CQm· plllcency by our n~lnlne wQuhlp and ~ver_ ance lor material pro,rn •• t the el<pense or human v.luet. Nay, wonel In our blind de· >otloll to the~ .. ral"., gvJ" .... I. ........ ''''jtL .. tl the hia:;h prle.la or the exiatinli\' Indu!trial order to eontrol and manipulate the agendel 01 publlelty .nd edueation in luch a way that thjj .. .,,. eap.dly for thought b.yond the ,·onllnr. of the present Iystl'm I. almon com­pl~tel,. .tllll'd and we an raisin, up genera­tion aftl'r IItneration who. on ac:count of thl'lr tradition •• their trainlnl' and their edu­rMtion. are Inadequat("ly equipped to deal with thelle "ital problem. that arise out of (hI' eomplulty of our modern elvl1lr.ation in n mann('r nd!'qunte to their lolullon.

We mUll.not lay tho rupon,Lbilityof the flaaeo or the put yea,'. ncU\'\tiu, or lack of aetlvltiet, In the attempt at eombatt;nR the unemployment ml'nace upOn individu.ls. The deplorable IpeetaeLe whIch would have bct!n ludlcrou. h.d it nQt been 10 disru.ting, of futile inveltigatlQn5, of .bortlve conCer­I'nceR of bombaUk promillell and Ip~h

I),,,kinll', of u~mallogety. "f Ludo.-J,"i"iulC', of procrl.ltinltlon and the eonspicuoul laek of inteJ1lgent, eonltrueti .. e and elf«tive aetion, aro an • natural outcome or th~ natural de· vylopmllnt ot th. heritage handed down by thn exlsling soclnl ordnr. We are nn what we lin u produets Ql our evirOllmellt In­Jluenecd by our heredity lind govcrned by dr~um.tllncn. These are w('11 known bio­logiclll lond psychologlc,,1 filet. and mUlt be uken Into con.!derlltlon In any discuuloll of Iny phil,,", of the que~tlon of mnn al the ,orbit('r of hli own dullny.

Before any proper or adtl\u.te . olution of any Ilroblem of _ueh wide reaching !ignlfi­unee can be attempted, It would !eem that ~ome atlentlon Ihould be I:'lvcn 10 II u rdul Btudy and learehinR' ,,08lYII. of the eondi. tiQnl and c&u,u thnt hR\'e b('('n at work to produce such n Itnto of IIlfaln. The main· tenanee of the health of tho body ~ia\ i! Uul urhtkally IIlfr,,'~"1 III ,udl, .. .! f'''1ll l"~ mtlintennnce of th~ physical health or the eommunity lind the mQd effective move IILong th~t line il to erndicn\(' the C&u~. The n.· tursi infer.nee to be drawn from the above ~;ng that the proper wly te cure the unem· plo)'ment dl~ea"e la to tradieate the caulle. SQundJ ca ll)" but II II?

Before an)' mO\'e rAn be mlde to eflldicate the cause of unemployment, ... ·e mUllt ha"e II clear and accurate kno .... ledl'll of what that eaullfl is, of why It I'xl.t', of how it came to el<illt and of the extent Ilnd louree of IIny op­polition thlll we are likely to encount!'r in our efforts tit IU Ibatement.

A careful and eompnhenlive analysis of thelle mallera form •• lubject too vast for tn.tment here and. while r ma), have zome­thing to slly along thll IInl' III lOme future date, lack of .plce forbidl my going into the matter at thl. time. I will oy, ho ... ·e>'u. thlt • >:omple"" a .. d adrqu.te abolition or neutralization of th~ 1'1111 tI of unemployment would require lu(h dra tie rearrangement •• ch.n~ .nd readjultmenb In our indntrial. weial And economic nr. that th.y "'ould be revolutionary in their nat urI' and unh'eru,1 in their extent. They would affect the whole world lind m~ke It dllferent.

Surh fRr-rl'llchint lind ,Irllltl~ chllm(ea can only eome about In one of twO way~; Either by the ruthle .. torclnl' of It by n relentlel. dietatouhip or, by tht' lont, .Iow procCl~ of edul'llting the people up to It. Whieh will you have! The alumative II the wreck of our modern ei .. mzatlon, pouibly ehaol.

W. WAPLIS.

L. U. NO. 295, LITTLE ROCK, ARK . Editor:

I 11m reminded of the Introduction or L. U. No, 1164, Santa Monic •• CaUf., •• allying, "A few worda from tho land of iemons, prunea and nUb. a. we promenade up and down the ,UVtry .hores of the mighty Padftc." r did not kn" ... that fruita cuuhl walk, but lurely they an-Ann Howe! An­other from L. U. No. 700. Millmi. Ariz .. that oid, "Jlnt a fe .. linn from the baby local in the baby Itate." Good luck, L. lJ. No. '100, )'OU will grow up lome d.,!

Hurrah for I •• U. No. 103, Springfield, 111. A ringer! That'a th. atulf, Brother HUlle! Rut I IIfoH .. vl\ th'" wrltera .. ould wrile more if the readera would rt.d morc and let them· selvn be known. Don't gl:'t discouraged, old top. I am for you. M"ybe, If )·ou try burn­inR them up, they wUl be back, I\nd that's IQrnething. I will ,ulgut ,.ou tty No. 2 12, Cindnnati '. ,tunt.-put their muga in the JOl'RNAL. Can you Imllstine a eamer. fl\clng o bunch of narrow backl' I understl\nd that ~amera 15 alonl' ,Ide the ~pirlt el St. Louis; rewarded for Ita .Urmpt. No hard feelinp, No. 212. Niee buneh; worth while. Brother Huse. A ringer I .. a rlnter and 1 will wlt.:h for you.

Old yQU rud the btl.d time ltory about the hickey, by Bill f I,. U. No. 212, you arc right. Bill, the hlekcy I, n god~nd to our trade, for it io like eo much 1IOli0n to many of our war made meeh'nle. Rnd crockery II their limit.

t. U. No. 28. IJnltlmorll, you r Ilrst pan­grnph ill very complete. We lire In the slime W8y. I wouLd like to add the word "please" to your IK'ntencl' thnt relld, thus: "Brother EditQr, kindly 11<'1' to It that r eeeivinl:' our copy of the JOI'NNAI. Is adJuated. and thank~ in .dvance,"

I would tell you .ometh;ng about our eon­dition. here bu t we haven't any. And OUr welcome to all at thi. time Is. come after breakfnst, b.rinll' your lunch, and leave before Bupper. \\e are h~rd hit but Ollr rew m~m· beu IIrll real lind genuine. Thil II ~ mixed IQ,,"!.

WII.I, I . 1)00.

L. U. NO. J 06, AKRON, OHIO Editor:

Let UI pou~e to lilten te the words of John RUlkin; "When we build. Ict ua think that we build lorenr. Let It not b. lor the pruent delight nor for pre.ent u.e alone. J~t. it he .ut'h wDrk U our dele.nd.nt, .ilI thank u, for; and let U& think, a ..... e la,. stone on ,tone, that a time h to eome when thOle .tones will be held lacred becaul. our hand. ha'lle touehed them; and that men will aay, a. they look ullon the Ilibor .nd wrought lubfttllnee of th~m, 'Seel Thi, ou r lather did for us.'''

And yet how many of the Brothers have listened to thOle word., bandinlr them to­gether, ere.ting that Brotherhood of man. that knowledge thM there I, a Brother to whom )'ou may pour out your heart; upon whoJe eonfldcnce .nd valor 10U c.n .arel,. trult! YeI, ,.ou are a member of that or­pni'lIlion that rendell help when help II needed. Not eharity. No; for we do not permit that .... ord to be h"tl ill it. work ot luceor to It I complnion., whether the di,­Ireu be th~t of mb(ortune. iIlneu Dr death. The help II n right which belongl to every true member of the I. B. t:. W.

And, of eourae, a great mlny of our mem_ ber. do forget-drift away, 510 from one city to nnother, only to land in whit I. known in our dty IR th .. F:I .. rtrieal League. Th.,. make tbe bold atatement th.t we are a ganr of racketeer., kunmen, thluet and dumb bells; that .... e do not belonG in Akron: "Go back whe ... you eame from: 10ur pillce II In jail." Still our reeords ahow lome of tbet. men h ... e been fined, while othen ne .. er were mem~",. beeau.!le it taku from 60 to 00 day, to be taucht electricity. Their prIce a yur ago to a member In dillre .. • as to aurrender hi. licen'e, and t.hen they could go and work for one or the other Brother eontra~ton who WI' • lilt l. mora fotLllnlll.,. A •• rClult our city of oppor. tunity wal ftooded with CQntrlletou taklnr the tooll up a"in$t the workmen.

Do not milunderatand me, Urothl'n, when I .ay that IlI1 thOle who h.ve not aurre,,­dered that lieenRe are 10llflng today. Th.y are not. The big Brother eontraetor hal little baby eontraetor fflr a helper.

Now to he fair anll ju~t tn Ih .. 1('Il!:,u"" Fiflt, they have men who wl11 tell the truth _ueh n, " I do run an open ahop. What of It!"

Seeond, they h~ve men who run up and down the main Itreet tel1int that there la no loeal here, Qr it ain't worth a dime.

Third. then they have the big boy who hire. membe" of the lugue until .n out-M. town eontrll.etor cornel to OUr City. Then big bo)' lenda for our bUlinua agent, tell­ing him he is very mueh in ra .. or of a do.ed .hop. Sign up just a eouple of my men.

And they tell us now Ih. rea,on why we ate loafing Is bec.ue we carl')' • urd. And do they promise to earl' for the lick and injur.d, t •• d th, hungr)', bury th. dead. .nd in generat relieve dlslre .. ? No.

Should you rail trQm thllt ladder, do they prom lee the widow nnd orphnn, 'l.OOO! No,>. but t hey ... ill lIlly 60 etnts l)er hour anli rct 1111 the hours you w.nL

1Iow about the old lilt'\! lIen lion ! III, h.1 Do they .ay, lIB I hll'lle quoted. "See, thl8 our (ather did for II'''! No, but they do

94 The Jourllal 0/ Electrical Workers and Operato)".'< f' tbIlULrY.1931

ny, "Whu', the matter! Sup on it!" Do they ull L. U. No. 306 and uk for. helper! No, I'd the lint poor devil .. ho (omel along, at 26 centl per hour.

Then. al Coyne .. ys, "Ama~ingly eu)" "'ay to ret Into eleetrieity- learn by actual work In 90 day •. " Why, they a re ot the opinion th.t ('o·operatlon mean. dereat for all. They do not tllke example. of towns that arlO m.king head .... y in the eledrkal Indu.tl")'. Hut they are of the opInion th.t the electrical workfon o""anisation b • !Croup of men banded together to tear down the eleetriul indUM ry.

I know It II hardly ('oneel"'lble for the aver.", penon to realile a dt)' the .ile of Akron ",lth lome 170 IIceMed electrical ('on tr'clon, with one ••• leader who haa never been" contractor, telling them how to run their bu.inen. It'l U II Brother once .. Id. ju~t like an old maid telling a mnther how to ra llo her child ron. We havo talked wi th contractor reprcaenta.t!vu on ~everal oecaalons in rega.d to II dofter IIf­filiation or our orgllni~lItion, lind o n each oc(' .. lon met with thOle who never had any deallngl with II labor oraanlilltion. but who "'ou1d Idmit they kn ew nothing ot thei r "'ay o t doing bUlinUI. Yet having a ftet or e load mind refused 10 be abown, wrong liS

they are with the eonl rl('tOri In .. piti!ul eondl t lon aa they are In thil town.

Can you picture a ~ontraclor bidding on II job not knowing whether hil eompelito' i5 lI:olnjC to ply GO conu o r '1.10 pe. hour! Now that II the eondition thllt "'lIlly uiatl here. Why, o ne contrllctor made a remark to one o r ou r mem~rl that hla men came to him and to ld him to get a certain Ichool job hert--even If he had to ('ut wllges 3$ «'nta on the hour. Yet thi. eontractor', a .. odatlon would ha"e )·ou believe they a r e one big, happy bmily which e.-eryone knowl ia boloney, without hllrmon)' exilting betwetlll employer and employee.

EYen our Inte rnationll l Vlte Preaident tried, through a n In terna tional Organinr. to hllve a roundtable dll('u .. lon wilh them

bUI Ihey were not interested enough in their own I ndu~l ry to dileUl~ tho matter. Some even I liid they dldn't need IInybody to t/lll th e m how to rUn their bUlinell.

T lu: S II II-OOW.

L. U. NO. 308, ST. PETERSBURG, FLA .

.:dllor: I wl,h at Ihll time ""hen there are 10 mllny

difficult probleml to aolve, to appeal 10 the womlln who II relrlnlt her family on limited mea nl. Be not disheartened wilh your ta~k If you ('anllot Ift'o rd the moviel or the filli ng • tatlona. Look ebout you end _ if you do not fln d IIO mething you can re~t on without mon!:'y a nd without prl«. S how the children the nllny thinp that may b~ had by eu.· tl.lng their brllins lind mUlI<:lea.

The woman who undorstanda e ll the re­IpoOliblllllel Ind wonderful opportunities that are Implied in being II wife. mother and home·mllker. knowl thn It Is not one Job. but a bundle or profe_lona. It I. a eareer 10 • hlth Ihe ",nnot eome too well prepared and (.ne .hlth Ihe an co on .tudyinc for the re,t or her life. She muot or al ]eut .bould undentand how it .hould be done. how to plan mell1l thn will kHp her flmily in 11:00<1 health . Whe t ia more Important than that!

1\1 ,.. Thomas Edilon aay. her job il Thom .. Edison and thei r thlldren. She IIn­nounced .. mueh In reaigning an Importent national office. I hIve IIl"","y, felt. i f I Will dlatrlbutlng medals for It'reat .."d unusual heroltm, I Ihould pin them on the brent. of the wlvea of poor f lmi lie..

Timet have thanged, but Ihe .carch atill goea on for the Indivldulil mlln or woman who

pub dul)' I\ r~t. ahead of eyer)' eonJidera ' lon, lind who bringl 10 the perfC1l"mance of In allotted luk all the energy. interell and wisdom he Or Ihe I, upable o!; who thinb rar more of the wrvke they have been cho~('n tu It'lye than of the .tlpend tbey will receive for giving It.

The "magit:" h01O(, I. hMrd 10 deline. I t il an ucel1enl plan 10 look at the mo&t flmilillr thingl from II n('w anlCle on« in a while, to look up ev('ry e,'('nl In life I~ nn opportunity. Th i, il the altitude or mind that turlll du­pair into hopt'. banl.he_ rellr and bring. reo pole; remoye. un"'holeeome longinga lind givea III el1m content, di .. ipatea the .hadow, of dreld Ind vI"ue apprl'hen,ion.

Now I wHl tome bal'k to earth aglin. The va lue of the g roup pilli of life insurance in timea or dep rl'ulon i~ s t rikingly Ihown in ligure. jut luued by Vlee Pre.ident O. A. Page. o f the T rRV.,]en InllurGnt:e Comlleny, who I)oi n t, out thllt the fnmllies of more than 1ll.000 Amerlclln workmen will rec('ive th is yen r ( 111:10) more ihnn $90,000,000 III benelits under the form of InBu rllnt·e. I'IlY­men ts of ben('lltl come lhrou!:h the dOli th by dil4!ue a nd IIc('ident. These ligures speak for themlelvf'l. TilE W OOI.lC Il Orr£ll.

L U. NO. 325, BINGHAMTON, N. Y. Editor:

Well, I have becon IIppolnt('d by 1.01'11 No. 32;; as pre~. eorrelpondent, 10 it', up to me to see that the J OUII"'II-I. h .. a Ipaee [n It whirh il occupied by 10('111 new, trom thia locality.

Thing1J around h~re are I little ~Iow. but just at Ihls t ime 1.ocll No. :121) II holding her o" 'n; 1 believe 11'1 becauw of our good prea'dent and 100000ailed bu.int"u mllnllger ... .... ell a. our other Om('f'n.

We lTe going to h .... e , new blackboard which will be ulled at eal'h mHling ror the denloprnent or ~tter l'let"t rieiln" We fHI that we h .... e lOme ItIlghty IIn(' workmen. Take Bud .'llher who h .. carried the tele· phone job here ro r over a yell'. and boy how he can oPi'rllte thow re lly'! And the re'a Charlu Dlvia, my what 1\ t hinke r he i.! rIe thinh so flllt thll! ",hen he 1'lIrt~ to ulk, he geU 80 flIT nhelld of himlelf thllt he meeh himself cominll' bllek. Well , 1I1I the boys are J.,"OOd fellow. , but. of \,ours(', no two lire lllik('.

E . S rRINGER.

~== L. U . NO. 329, SHREVEPORT, LA. Editor :

W~II, boys, thln lfll l I'e pretty quiet hHe, but we are getting alonll'. We a re working live daya a week during Ihl, depreuion. Thi, move wa. put into ell'et:t by the eompany­Southwutern Cal and El l!t:l r it: Complny . All the Brothen hope we will remein on live daYI a week. The deprl'.sion has hit 011 of us ha rd . A yel r ago we hlld 21 to 2~ linemen for the light conI pliny. At present we hGve only 12 linemen working tor th('m.

The linemen nnd t rouble men here for the light company a re 100 per cenl organiu-'d and "boUI thru·fourth. of Ihe mete r department. We are !tolng rhrht a long aa we have tWI foremen orflnlud. Some of tbe boYI .... iII know thenr-R('d C,rroll and Fl'1!I.nk (Buck) Smilh. A while back, Frtd ."ort came into our oTfl:anlution. fie I. a met('r man and I mean a tood one. fie w.a hooked up with the navy a while III radio operator .nd you know thofte boYI are all o. k. But now he has hooked up wilh another pllft)'-a wi fl'.

Well, boy., III you know, H. T . Robin$On hn! ~n our prl'lident for t"'o yeers Gnd hI' ftu rely mllku Uft II 1I'00d ont. li e pUla Gil eft'ort~ to Local No. 320.

And one more I wllnt to tell you .. bou~, our buslneu IIII.('nt. K. I). flardlnft. He is lliso II ha rd workil1ll mrmber . II I' liso g('u damp under tht IIrma thue warm dllY. mak-

.ng up guy •• round Ked ("a rroll'. truck. In fII~t, .... e ba¥e I good bunt:h or memben

and you ",ill ¥l't acquainted with all of tht'm ir tbey lellVe m(' .. pre .. IJt'('r('tar,.

1 mu ot do~ for thi. time, but If you are lookinll' for ... ork don't f;'unle to Shreveport. unll'8~ you hll"e I [01 of money lind wanl to go fl l hing. 1I01l1:IIT C. H OR,...

L. U. NO. 352. LANSING, MI CH. F-<litor:

Another mont h h ili rolled a round and Ihere il not murh ('hanke; jun nlte weather. Ind the .ame rew altendinJ; meetingl.

Everybody ia Interened enough to tutn out ror d,ily work. but lome are not inter­tltrd enough 10 IIttend meetlngi, 100.

Fi,h[ng lind bluepril1ll or fllh .hllnliu Gre mGin loplu b), the way ot dlveralon. It won't be long no ..... , 1 supPOle, IIl1tl1 It will be gnr!len8. I 8u re hope lome ure beer Karden ••

[ just got hold of lin arti ~11l _lnt lna thll t II Buhurb ot n~lroit with a munldpltl p llln t ha. turned II large lurplu l bGek to julte Ulera, aa they had auch a large lurpl u •. They uae LOl:al No. 17, of Detroit, labor, but hive never heArd of an, outllt nol uainl: union labor h.vlng .uch III'/Ce lur plu l, 10 it 8how8 whlll org.nlllltion will do, bo t h tor I"mplo)'ee nnd employ('r.

Vnso"l' BU,",'OIIn.

-,,--:::=:=-~ L. U. NO. 353, TORONTO, ONT .. CA N. Editor:

It I. true Ihat w(, have .bout 75 high dau ml'<'hanle. out of ,,·ork. lind th.t no b ig build ing~ hive b~n ,tarted to make pro.peell any bC'tt('f. but we are ret:l'ivlng eo·opIP:ralion from a number of the eonlrartora, and the .... ork ia bein,. done In .hltt, by m('lnl of whit:h "'e hope to kHP every one from too !In't In Inconvenienti'. All the .rood eon­trador, are opt'rating on a 40 hour P"y week. That I. if anyone haa overtime he finl'he. hil week ', IIctiviliea whl'n he d" .. ·• 40·houn' pay.

Then the ("anndlan Conlltoek Compllny. thanka mslnl)' to Mr. RnthlCi!b. haft empow­ered it, fo remen to co-operltte ",lth the union in lin)' renonable re lief meuure, lind up to the l,r~lt'nl Ab Aceomore Ind lI arry Willon h.ve eum(' through like tru~ foLLo ... era o f !oi.m Compers.

E ach of theM' I1len hu Ilirkl'd II crew M key men 10 provide the blekground of hi~ Itaft', Gnd thl' r .. gt Ire workl'd in . h[n. and the idea i, lI:o ing o"cr big. Insteld ot <HIe m.n workinlt' thr('t! weeka and two othn. being laid orr the aame length ot time. Ihf'Y Ihree no'" il't " "'eek IIp[ece Ind IIIl a re qUlle eont ent.

WI' hod a TI.;se due on the llrat o t J unt, but at the request of the eOll l rntlora hll\'e I"xten41~d our ~ltrceml""t tor IIlIother yell r lind ",111 elTr)' on a t $1.26 pelr hour unlil J une 1. U132. .

In rrturn the contfl,dora hllve ron,l' throulth with a five·day we..k Ind doulJle time for all o"er time atter J une I. 19:11, X .. t muth. _ )'ou. but .omelhin" any",ay .

Am ... rilin~ thi. letttr while at the Lineoln 110: .. 1 in l\cw York and jU"t outoide the "'·In · do .. · I ('an 1ft t ... o ralr-.bed bulldinp in ~he «ourw of conotructlon. \\ I h It were 200 .nd Ih~n IK'rhap" we could 10lln yo)U a f.", ~ men. 1_ l'. No.3.

We In Torento IHI" "'Itehing the vinoull l('ttH8 In rcrer~ncl' lO th .. romin" conv('ntlol'-1,('1 u~ rCllelit n(l'lIin ~hlll "'1' ",111 be ~llId to hllve you If you d~cide 10 com(', hut wuuhl rllther hav. th(' prcsi41 .. nl pOltponft It for t,,·o yea .. th lln to hllve It be a fallure and .ubj~t thc nrolh~rhood to lh. rldkull of rh-III ur!(nnizII'ions_ Cood-b)'~. eVl'rybod~.

." J gr.I.I(r..

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February, 1991 Tlte JOllrnal of Elect1'ical 1I'orko1'8 and Opcmto1'fI 05

L. U. NO. 392, TROY, N. Y.

Edil.Or:

I have written in prevlou. leU"" to ~he WOfl.Kl:1t concerning the machine flg~. The machine I, rapidly cuttlng into l.bor and uaing UJI man pOwer. The Oeeember iuue ba. an article, on p"ge 678, nlating to the ume under the title "Maehinl'll Affect Labor Itelationa in BuildinW Trades." My object right alon, haa been to Inlerest tbe Urotbert for their own ;nteUita to aecure • Iicen .. to control our worll, not to let !.he hand, man Itep in and do our work. :-<ot alone does he do Ollf work bill he doe. pllinting. nrpenlerin!\" plumblnl(. He. Thll.t man wI':

<.Iv IIot naeh and &I 10n« •• he il unmolutfd he will conUnue to urrf on.

Al the I •• t general .. Iection we wtre fOf­tunate in having repreHnlalivn favorable to labor .elecud to ~preG('nt the people at Washlnrton and In thft atate legillature •. They, in the pre-eleetion Ipeec.hea, proelalmed their loyalty to labor. Now if they are ain­r .. r .. "" .. h" .... tlllr tlpfltlrtunity. Th .. people proteat.cod and ahowed that they coliid handl. the h('.lm and sent to their leglalatu~ .nd the nepre~entaUvei to CongTUI. Now whlbt the Iron I, hot it I, the time to strike and "". never hsd a better opportunity than at the prelent time. So let UI all Pllt our shoulder to the wheel. Talk it up amona- yourselvea. The lOoner we obtain the license the eaaier It will be. It the Srotherl wOlild only think. Let them look back, we will uy. 10 yearl. See how condition. have changed. The trouble we most all hav.l, thd we don't look a t condltlona &!I they are. U .ome of the Brothen are K«ure In their pOlitiona and h .. ve .teady work, lhoy torgot RU about the other fellow. But the wheel turna and the ahoe is on the other foot. then h. ,tarh to whine and complain, not realiling that h. must be looking out for hll and hil Brother'l IntHelti at a ll timH.

Then aglin the 8rotherB Wl\nt to discard those oullet guns. Do away with the auto durin, working houri. Ihooting from one joh to another whilst the unfortunate Brother who hal no ear pounda lht pavements be­cllu~e the bon fllvon the man ",·Ith the cllr. We ban the u~e ot lh. auto during the houll from 8 II. m. to 5 p. m. in our loul union. And .orne of the Brother. fOUlld out to their IIOnow that it did not PIIY. And IIg.in no Brothtr la IIlIo ... ed lit IIny time to u rry IIny material In his car. Wo have tried to mllke condition. locally f,vouble to all men. Hu · man natllre is peculiar. No matttr ho ... con­liderate we feel toward. e"eryone, there ia alwlYI II dilgTuntled on.. So In the matter of good judgment and common sense, if the majority fIIlu. th .. ,nlnor;ty mUll abld~ or .uft'er the consequencea. Good judl'Tllent, common senae and fair play to 1111 Ihould predominate.

I hope to sec the day when the men will be more 10y.1 to on. another and show Ie .. of tha m feeling thll i, bound to e:liH ... here cllquu form. When luch condition' e.dlt, drutlr meuurPII IIhould hI' hroulltht to hfol\T upon the cuihy. l .m not referrln&" to loeal condltlonl, u .... .re trlvellng p~tty

lmoolhly lit prelJenl, due to the proper hllndLing of case. thlt are brought up. We have hlld such condltioM On .orne occasionl but the &,uilty pllid for their wilel. t 1m lpeaklng .. II ooit for an the Brothers.

In one of my prnioul lettul I .... nted to hear from some of the pre .. Ie<'retariu of MluachlllJetls how the IIcenllt! Iystem worki In their commonwealth. Maybe IOllIe of the 8rothen do not read the WORKER. If per_ .I,."" ... ,,)' ""'IIIt..:r vf n,,, Iv",,]. vf LI"'L ,tllte reads my communiclltion, would he drop II line telling of the I(OOd It hltl done! Ad. dre .. , Labor Temple, Ml Coagtt .. St., 'froy, N Y.

Condition. h.ve not improved any in thl. loeality yet. Nothing blr Koina- on and yery lIttl. of the ,man jobl hereabouu. Soml' of the boys are farlnLr well bu~ ethers art· not. We don't know wh.t th. future will bring hut w. IIv. in hopea the ume a . .. ur IIroth. era throughout the country. Th .. boys .re .11 atkkin" too, under the .dYer"" condition., though it h.1 been tryin, lit tim~. The un­employment organiut!on. did not set .ny­thin, on fire. lI ere II few were offered jobl at very meagre cOmptns.tlon, :!f> centl lin hOllr dOing chorea arollnd tenement", and the 11kI'. The holidays are onr no .... and the hard..-l part of the winter I. in the cominlr, 10 we ... m hue to lake It .. it will be. All "I' nil d" ia I,ul''' Cu,· til" Lont.

l.oeal No. 392 ift in favor of cancelling lhe ntxt Intern.tlonlll eonvention and .. oted unanimollsly to go on r~ord .. oi'l"ering a rc.eolution for II refcrt'ndum vllte to omit the nut In te rn ational fOnvonlllln and u~e the m .... ney that would be eapended for orK.nln­lion where mo~t needed. JOIII'( J. 51111:1:11"1'(.

L. U. NO. 406, STRATFORD, ONT., CAN.

~~,nlllr' AttendanC1! at our I()C.I union meetinlrl is

" ne<:esaity if pr0lr'"' i. to be recordcd for 1931. Our ~ember meetinlr Will an u­rdlent ooe. The .nendanee Wl\! good and member! exprcued their view. in no IIncer­taln mlnner with l"el(ard to our loel\1 union by_Iowa. The di$l:lIlSlon on the dau.e dul­Ing with duu w .. tlf e'l)('('ial intereat and Wl\B of a very healthy chn rl\cter.

It wa. tound ne<:U$Bry l\I II result of jlcnd­Inl{ tormatien ot the railroad coundl to Inerene Ollr due. to $3.50 a Illonth. SeHral membeu felt that in view of the reductions in Income of our membe,. ... reBult 01 ,horl hour~, the time had come for a halt to be ('IIn~d in the increuet In duel. The view W08 .. Itio upreuetl thAt the 11I~reaacs In duea would not be 110 objedionllble If proof were forthcoming that the ml'mbna were 80lnk to benefit by them. It II my opinion that events which have o«urred Iince that vie .... wal uPn'ued have Ilrovlded that Ilrool. rlkht on our own 6y~tem.

The year 1930 clo~ed with. CII\1 for a fur_ ther redllctlon In upenael on the C. N. R. and relulted in a I.ngthenlng- of the Chrllt­maa and N ..... Year holld.y. by three d.ys.

The delh~ of the management was for a ~hut down from Chriat",a. to the New Year. Aa • relliit of nea:otiatlon. between the men'l representatives and the mlnlgement, a eom­promise wa. ei'l"e<'ted whkh reslllted In • Ie ... of three daYI Inste.d of alx. Thia repreaen1t an $18 u ... lng of wa,e. Ie each of our mem­ben. which wlll pay for the 50·eenl incre.ae In dllea for 36 month •.

Of count, I realiu th.t 110m. of our mem­be,. .... ill not accept thll line of renonlne. but my uperien~ of employers' d~alLn,a with unOr'lInlled or badly org.niud worker. II.uch that I .ttribute the reSllIt.s to or&"lIn-11IItion .nd collective bar!!lIining

A grieyance of one of Ollr IpprentiC1! mem­ber. w .. handled uU.r.ctorily with the help ot our pneral thairman, Brother McEw.n.

After s .trenuou. CIImpalgn the loeal tr.del and I.bor coundl tlllltd to ,et IIny of thrlr four candidatea elected to munlciPlI1 omce. Th. rtllllu, however. Ihow conlider­Ihle progre .. over tho .. of last yellr .nd if IIII'-h progrtU i~ m.intalned our eft'oru in the next campaign will meet with greater

Thl' h .... lld vu lum.,.. uf the 1?30 }:I"driul Workera J Ollrnal are to btl BOld akaln t hl . lear ror $S.7S poltage "re pald. They are unUorm with the "olil mel of other yeau, "oll. follrlh h,.th ll r , hand_omll lind dur . hlil.

.UI'«III. The undidate for Public UtiJilie. ronlmlB~ion wa. Ollr own Brother McIntyre, who I,ut up a ~plendid Mowing a,ainst the Iwo retirink membera. Let u. all remenlbi'r Ihal out .ueeeille •• nd faillirel .hould li t .11 times be reglrded .1 Ilepplni atonea to gre.ter thing!!. K. CocKIURN.

L. U. NO. 409, WINNIPEG, MAN .• CAN .

~:ditor: It I. to be notl'd that m .... re mtlnf'Y .. ·U

rallied for chllrillble purposn durine th~ lut ('hristmas 1Ie.lOn than on many prul. 0111 o«a.ions dCllplte the lo-called hard timn, which IhoWI th.1 by IIppeal in the proper direction, it made I1ron, enough. the Itring can be IInl_ned from the bank­roLl of -them Ih.t h • .,e".

If th., ad,·oellte. of the "spend more" pro· gr.m are Jueceuflll In luture appeal. whlth are to be seen In the prellll and billboard alike. It will IIndollbtedly retied upon Ihl' rall .... y worker. 01 .... 1'11 •• othl'r crafll. In the hlndling of more paaaenkcr equipmenl.

'k. The money ia In the country; It just need~

loo~enlng up. My I"'int In tl'ia 'HKU",,,,,I i. lIliot .....

mu.t look to 1931 with brighter hopei. IU

by et\'orU, not only monetary. but determi­na~lon .• nd ... iIl power-which hotter tWO tho worker can contribute hi , Ghnro . we eun fac. the futllre with Ie .. l\pprchenslon thlln we lett behind u. In the p .. t year.

Our l.ocal Unlen No. 109 II doing good hU11neu and II looking to I continullncl'

'of .ame for 193]. At the h4.t meetlnjf. JllnUl\ r y 8, after the

",ual order of bUlinell the vllrlOUIL commit· ten were appointed for the en,uin, year.

In my la.t letter T inadvertently made an error which I would like corrected in thll iuue, r. Brother Melntosh and hi. acU .. lllu. It aiJPl'ared In the JOUII NAI. thuI: " li e Is werking at prelent In Va ncollvor, and I he", he Is m.klng great progreu." ClIlg.ry thould h .... e been Ih. pl.ce In question. Tht worke,. of V.neouver concerned ... iII be .fter my hide. .0 T h •• ten to make my corteetlon. I'm glad fo r one tbing, thllt Vancouver is 1,1>00 mllet from Winnipeg JURt now.

R. GA~T.

L: U. NO. 500, SAN ANTONIO, TEX . Editor:

I am not golnk to dwell on unemploynlent exllting here beelUllle I am lure condition. a,. Identical o ... er the enti re country. Mem· bera of L.. U. No. 600 hllVe been doing their little bit to try to otrset Ihe lack of Cbrill. mill for $ome of the need)', but to an honUI worker an"thine th.t might be constOled a. ch.rity is a r.ther doubtflll bleuing. The Ilrothefl who ar. workinl h.~1!l .1 • wl.61e enollkh relati .. ea out of ... ork to tax them to the limit, .0 ne<'eslltiH and no luxuries are the order of the day.

But in looking a bit beyond the present .... clln see a rlly of hope. The ballot III a ... eapon for good I. re<'ogniEed more flllly by worke .... from year to year and each e1e<'tlon add. some liberal minded men to ou.r I:oycrn· mtnt. An threugh hillory we lind that to brio, abollt .orne much needed reform or change eertain peopl. mllst lulfer to bring the lea"on home 10 them before action ... ould start In earnelt.

Who know, but whit thl, Int year hft. taught the average per.on tnough to make Ihem • more formld.ble lore. In election. to fome .nd cause them to C.1l their ballot to the be.t interelt of the Irrt.l .... t number 01 Ilwple rather than to the Interut of a !treedy, but powerful fow. In labor mov,­nlt'lIh of th~ pODI tho Jilek of cYucation h ..

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96 The Journal 01 Electrical lI'ol'kers and Opemtol's Februarv, 1931

bwn somewhat of II d raw back, but in the bread line. 01 the t .. t few month. there have bun some colleg_ men pr~nt and when t here i, enollgh overflow from our leatll of learning unable 10 lind place. of advantaf{1' with eorporatiou. the t ide ",\II take . d«ided turn for the beun. for their tfe inN! mind, will be working for II common intnut ene_ted by neceuit, .

WN. CARLSON,

1', S. : Thanb to Brother nellart, L. U. No. 60, for his compllml'nt to our olfico.>u In ,hI' JOt.1I1I'1''''4

L. U. NO. S02, SAINT JOHN, N. B. ~:ditor:

Yt@. Deeember and Jllnllllry have taken thn rOlld to oblivion, Inklnlt' wilh them the Joy. and lorrows whIch lrovd hllnd in hand .... Ith all 01 tl B mortal • . The ftllr 1930 is now II dead luue and so lot It be. But the Nl'w YUf ia II \h'!! iuue Rnd let UI abrL it righ t by taking a big lponge dripping with thco ei<'l\r waler of forll'ivt"neRR and wiping the slRteR of our heRrt , deanl

ThRt is whRt 1,01:111 Union 502 ia striving to do. Forgive Rnd forget Ihose who have ~ndell"ored to hold u! back. We will do our utmolt to enllghten those who do not understand the Ideal, or thl! Brotherhood of F,lectril:lll Workua throughout this con­tinent. May our !.ask not be In vainl

At the time of .rlllng we ar" making a plcndid drive to hrinlC aU the "holdouu"

undco f our banner. W" are meeting with lou ol opposition but we have a .plendid bunch of boYI , with II wonderful motlO-­"Never IllY die". And thllt', that!

It 'In, with much relt'rel thllt I lellrned of Brothco, EveN!U Clllfke', misfortune I US' tIIlned whilst workin" on the police s ignal ~Yltcm. He h.d th" mlafortune to be in­jured but I am glad to reJllte that he hn 'IOW fully recovued from hi. reeent mishap, "viden~ by a new IIrrln! In the CI.rke "omene-d. Apparently hard timet have no t,.non tor our Brother •• nd .0 eongratu· I.tion •• lJrt>thH and friend I Keep up the good work!

The foregoing, Mr. J::dltor. II 011 from thl l ,erlbe ut th is time. Rlthough. befor e dos· ina:, I IhouM lilro to make II ,light correc· tlon r~~llrding my Inet ~rUcll). The picturl) Aeeompnnyin~ the .rtlclo wu n view of the (ieneral Public Ho,pltal. Saint J ohn. N. n., "nd not o f Montru.!. Thil error left' me opl'n to con$lderable crlt1cilm at Our hut mHllng. a, the boy' Hem to .ant it to he known thai there II .uch a apot Ill! S.int John on the map! Very 1tOOd. Brothen. We'll tell the ""orld there I.!

UOIlDlT P. JO~iI:S.

L U. NO. 514. DETRO IT, MICH. Editor :

Wo wonder how many of tho bOYI ran '.)'. and ,.y it honntly. thllt they have read thei r ne.l. B. E. W. eon.Utut!on! We Can honntly .ay that the ol'lleera are workln~ on it, and not mere!y talking. arguing or deb.ting on It, but eettlne re.l action. By thla we mean, for uample: read Article XVIII In the constitution .nd I ce ror youTlelf.

The uecutive boardl of L. U. No. ~8 and No. 514 have nlre.dy ,ta rt('d to negotiah for the IImalgllmatlon nnd we ahan hellr more or thi~ at R In ter dllte u developments matu re day by day. T hll, nl we nil know. I, a r l!quel t from I'tuldont Broaeh, lind afte r all WI! IIgree It I. for the best.

Work hRI been comlna: along very 11010' but the future loob fair. at lean we hope '0. And we Ihould m. ke mention at t!l b time that the employer h .. agr('ed to • thr",,-da)·-a;""f't'k propo.ltlon In order to

give .11 or al many a, pOlltble. work. In othor word., split up t he time. Thi, is only fair, but If the men will be lp In thi ~ mntt ... r a nd give the other hllow III break an d no t hoA' it all for me, mYlelf .nd I , bu t g "'f' the other .ome time '0 w. un .n at le .. t eat a nd keep .arrn. Oh. y"; w. can write a book on this, about klvln .. the o ther fellow. th.nc .... but lint Ih" p rineipln of man mUlt be de '·e loped. n"lIne It or not!

The writeup of Brother Knot. 0' L. U. No. 9. In the NO"ember Illuc . w .. ... ery Inle r· BIting .nd we agree with h im and coneur with tho remark! about the conventio!!. The nrtlde wa. very good lind you . hou\(! not let 16 yellrs go by IIgaiu lind !lot write.

The "Comment" in the WOIIKt:a en~h month by Brothl!r Broach I, very Intoreating. in fact, it', the lirst thln~ we turn to wh,' n tho mag.~ine eom"I , and 10'11 hopli hll will continue to write. for in hla writing eom· mon lenae predomlnatea. .'ellow. hip of thought I, there. I..e.denhlp I, a facl J r. lind we wllnt to go down the lin ... with him. One for all and all for on('. WII are ~olng with him.

1.0Ul8 FUNK.

---L. U. NO. 567, PORTLAND, MAINE

Editor: Scoutin" the meetinll" .'ridlY nlj!ht .ilh

a no", for new~, but W aR I't'wllrd"d ""ith nothing IIl1t for my effort, but with condi_ tion. 10 ....... ere it il not . urprl . lnk th . t Loea l No. 567 ca n olfer nothing thlt will at.rtle the " ll!('tr;"'al ,!,orld.

On ... matt ... r of ~rhRp~ major Importanee lit len.t to our nlfmbenhlp wna the reading of thl' report of the auditor relative to our financial condition, I!reuinl!" the fact of [" exeelll!nce and complime nting: the omceu ... ·ho "Misted him.

Thb. howenr, don not Indleat. proaperity to our membenhip. since we have been to mueh f'Xllr"rimenl lind more expen .. the last few yean attempting to Iln.n~ a larke hall, "nt ... · rooltUl and ,ub·let tenanll and con­trolled to COllliderRbl1' exlent in the ",Intcor time by the )·.wning maw 0' a furnace ogre down cellllr that Broth,.r Smith !levu could get Ihe but or.

The Iilll! mllllage', ha ll eommltleu al1d IrU~I ... r. Inbored long lind . ometlmu thank · leu ly !l lnee they did not get full eo·oper. ntion from the memb('u. mllny openly cllllm­Ing the propoail;';1R • white elephant and ! tlcking to their I lorle. right through. l.ocllift whom we confidently upected to line up ., tenanll. for \'arlou. and sundry rea­IOnl failed to matcriall~ and .e had w jugl("le the elephant eon,ider~b!e to kCf!p him (rom trackin~ red ink all ovar the rec­ord. . But he's gone wherever "I ... phlo.nll go, 3~ a t.o are .ome of our rather elabor.tf ~hai,., lable •• and furnlshink' that h.ve been dl,po."d of to good IId .... ntnge that hel~d 10 ''''ell our dep!d ... d Ire .. ury an-l there ere r., .. · regrets among the pro •• cons or .ntla.

We .re ,tllI In Ihe throe. of revl-Inll' our by·I... . the lut matte r baine eleaned up tonillt"ht relative to thl' . H ldy lIme I't'port til rd. tha t !I01'I:e of th .. nrothen fought , h)' o f lind r efu!!ed to cons id ... r 1ft 0' IIny benefit to a nybody. nut everything 1I0t through all shipshape and they will be fOrWllrded to the Int ... rnntional Office lor approvlIl. 1I0po they don't Itart as many argumenh th~re u th~y did In sccurlnll' our IIpprOYll1.

M. M. McKENNEY.

The bound \'oluml'll of the 1930 E lectrical We rke n JO"llrnal are to be ao ld .pln thl . 1".r for 13.75 potItatt"1I! p r l'pald. They are Qniform .lIh the ... olum" of e thl'r years. one- rourth leather, h. ndaome lind durablf.

L U. NO. 574 , BREMERTON, WASH. Editor:

J anuary 16, 1931, marked tho comm! .. ion· Inl' ot the U. S. S. Louis\'i\1e. Th. eare· mony WIUi broadea.t by radio o"'l'r a nation· wide hookup. The e.lectrical inltall.lIon on thi, ,bip ", .. madf by the memben of Local No. tm. I. B. E. W. Thi~ installation ('O"en vny near every

ph8.W 01 electrical industry. n.mely •• uto­mjlti<l telephones. rll.dio, lalkie movie •• 3S various Iy. tem, of communication. modern lIre control fquipment, learchlighll, gy ro compn .. eQuipment. A. C. and D. C. power equipment.

It wno ~"mpleted before contract time nnd complimented by ya rd official. II to work man~hip lind pmci ... n~y. Thul! were 75 e ll'e· trieian ll. f' mploytd in mak;n!!' thco In l talht · t ion

lIOlU:It' IIATTI.E!;1I11' H! A;so AII!lESAI. (W .:I .• :CTnICAI. .~.s.~IW \·

The Navy Yard ele<:triciflll's work covers R brOlld fI ... ld and due to the eVl!r-ehllnltinlt" ("hll.rllclcr of work requires that they keep up with the advan~u In de, igo at modern appar.tUI.

The majority ot mf'fnbefl In Local Union 1\0. 574 lire Navy Yard .orkmen who .re orJ("nnized bee.UN' of their union Ideal , and belier..

Indolled you .... m find a p!cture or Ihe 6hip under eonltruetion.

w. O. IJ I:8BC1,m.

- --L. U. NO. 584, TULSA, OKLA .

Editor: During the mooth of No\,emb('r thl , loc .. 1

held the largnt InitiaUon In Itt history. Approximately 40 candidatel, indudin, youra truly, Journeyed acrolll the bot mala ror the. ftnt Ume. I t w .. the firat social event b"ld by this local for lOme time, and It did. great de.1 toward fttablilhing It closer fellow. hlp ""Ith our Urother .orkers, especially lOrna new membeu who were reeenlly taken into our organiution. Refreshments conalsted of hot dopand punch (punch \,('ry refrelhine). Seversl of the contractor. attended and overy one h.d a nice time.

Lut Iprine Tulsa had a city ('Iec:tion .nd organized labor wa, instrument.1 In f'leetlna: the present mayor .nd board or commilllion. etl. I am very eilld to report that they are backing up the in l peclotl in the enforefment of the city ordinances. which h., not .Iway. been the CUI! In thl! past. An .mendment hili bl'Cn .dded to the electrical ordlnllnco. Thll amendment prohibib the u'o of knob and tubo work IMide the city limit.. We consider thl! quile R step toward ndvn!le,,­went fo r tho city to take. Several eontrac­tora hnvo been making a terri lie figh t to have Che knob and tube brought back and got •• for a! the mayor and commission. They were to be ,iyen a hearing in open meetine bUI failed to ,how up. Several or,anization, ap. pointed eommltteea to make InvuUgatlon •. The report o f the Chamber of Commuee

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February, 19$1 The Journal of Elc..ctr ical lV01'kers and Operators 07

~ommlttfe WI' a r ecommendltion that the building ordinlnen be lef t u t hey II ro nOW. We 1«.1 that thl, la qui te a victo ry for UI. The mllJo rlty of the public la t , tllfled to pay t he incr1lll8ed COlt of the in!tallatlon of con­duit for the added protection it glvu. or COUr64!. there are chronic belly achen who Iro olwnYII camplll.lnln\;, but who fl()ldom gel much attention. J ml,h t uy here that the contractorl kkking are the onu who build .. cheaply .. pOlliblo and .-ell al high sa poulble Ind ure abllOlutely nothing for tho ,.rety of the publie or to raille the Itandlrd of building.

Thil bUllnell depreulon allo h .. hlnded UI I turilic willop during the Palt yelr. It loob pretty toulh for the next three month •. The bulk of the bulldlnK h~re now i. reli. denecl, Ind the .. me condition ul,tl here In lblt Clall of COl1llnlctiol1 II e1.ewhere, that in the put we h.ve let It get .wllY from uS .nd nOW It h quite. problem to get much of It. T certainly alree with }'ruldent BrO&l'h'1 Ideal on relidentl.1 Ind maintenance jobs. Tho looner we aU rulin thll eonditlon .nd meet It, the beUer 011' .U the loe.1 union will be.

Joe tn;s.

L U. NO. 685, EL PASO, T EX. J.nuar)' 2, omcera wue lutlned: Brot~er

John Syku. pruldent; J.ck Burkholder, 'flce preaidcnt: G. G. Yocum, linancial secretary: R. Ullm.n, recording lIt'Cn!lar),; Bert Steven­lIOn. trea.urt'r: Charln Webb, flnt insp-ec:­tor; Carl TludllOn, aacond Inlpettor.

Well , Brothera, tblng. are very quiet here .nd do not look for thlnel to open up very aoon. J. E. Morg.n did IIOme work around here the lilt few months, Itrin!:int:" wire, plaeinl e.ble and bolt" for the toity lire alarm, .nd Is nlUrlng on IIOme more jobs down the .... Ue,. which lurel), help. We'n! t rying to ret a aimed I"eement with t he contractor ..

Brother J. R. Sh.kler came up to the ban on a recent Friday night with a bright .nd Ihinlng Itar on. t thought the pl.ee wa' pinched. Jerr)' ia on pOlice dut)' during the holidaya. Brother Ullman lpent a month up and .round Kanaal and .. ld It waa lurely cold enoulh up there. Brother StennllOn waa Illd oft" from the light eomlMlny about. month ago. Ber t wa. burned. year .go I.st fall with 13.000 Tolu .nd hal been in b.d ah.pe and I undentond he h ... at.rted auit for $40,000.

JACK.

L. U . NO. 601, CHAMPA IGN AND URBANA, ILL.

The el<teuUve board refilled thtl omee of prelident .nd vice president but the rest of tbe ometrs IIrl'l thl! IUImf'. Work lIItound hue h.1 been the wont In years. C.ondltlons lire pretty good but no work, the lame" every­whue In the ~ountr)'. Our ble State Unl­venit), of IIllnoil It not doing 110 much work this IllIt year aa in the Pllst lind now the 10Ternment Ie going to move the Itying neld .nd the photogr.ph .chool from Chllnute Field. at Rllntoul, Ill., nnd do not seem to Wlnt to .pend the ,600,000 Or $700,000 to repl.ce the wooden lIulldingl there, and ju.t Chrlltmaa night, one of the hlg hangnn burned to tho ground with quite a big 1011 to the fie ld anti rllu;u ""louul.

Work acema to look kind of bright hen! (or thla comlnK year, but do not know yet how wood it will he. We lurely hope that 111 of OUr mamlMn can ba put to work and k"' pt going all thl' yenr o. they need the work and money.

o. L . \V~II. Recordlnl\' So-cratar y.

L. U. NO. 617, SAN MATEO, CALIF. Editor;

P realdent lJro.ch h.a IIIld. In one of hil edltorl.I., " If one wllnta to IIn(1 out how lit­tle he knowl about a lubject, Iry to write about It." In thil case the tll ~k i. even more complicated owing I .. th(' r.ct that we, too to quole aMther corrnpondent, "have los~ our typilt b), the matrimonl.1 route," liO must work thl . out on Ihll old maehine with our own nwkward flnger.. And now, having enumerat ... d the obat.deB, we will proeeed to tell of conditlonl in thue pitta, and regiater a few compillint •.

The lilt 10c.1 t'le-ctlon resulted In little ch.nge, .nd our olfice-ra are u followa; President, JolIn IIrown: vice j"lr"l ident. Wil_ bur Horne: recording aeHel.ry and tren­urer, Frank Bouret; IIn.ncial l eeretar)' .nd businen ag('nt. I'.ul lI.mllton; exeeutive bOl1rd. Harold Jacbon, John Appleton, .·unk White. Bouret and liornt'.

Brother Ilrown i •• n ('X.prelldenl of L. U. No. 413, SlInt. DarbllrA, and. just ••• uuIL Iu he "" qu.lilled, he W'I put to work here. Brother Ilrown prelidu over • ,n.ppy meeting, .nd all memben know what Ih.t mf'an, to • 10c.1 union In th. w.y of en­couraging aU ... nd.nce.

The year 1939 w .. good to UI, all things taken Into coulderatlon. About 99 per cent of our melllbert worked atnight timf'. and the Olhen geUing In p.rt time. At times we ha.d more than we could do, .nd were en.bled to gi .. e lOme work to our nelghbo ... , L. U. No.6 and No. 332. 11011'­ever. thOle happy day. are behind us. and we h.ve men out of work, plenty of th ... m, too.

The quutlon uppt'rmoAt in .1] mindl, IB

u~nced by presl and conve .... tlon •• eems to be, "lIow long will the pnaent depres­.ion eontlnue'" In .nlwer to Ihe qUeltion. dally almoat, repretentativel ot big bUll· n",a break Into public print with the It.te­ment th.t prOlperlty II jU.l .round the corner. Ilnd they tbrow In. jull for good mealUre, the timel), .dvlce to evt-ry one to knueltle down to h.rd work .a • sure remed)' for exialing eondltlonl.

In their priv.te otr.ln then lime men .re pided by cold IIlf\1rea. A well-known firm, whltb ~uj"lj"lll .. " hu~ln"1! .tatiltlea .nd advice to bulne .. housel . recently supplied ita dlenu ... ith • repOrt b.aed upOn. late lurvey, .nd the deduction w •• that bu.lneu would return to norm.1 In about live yean, unlen-nlee Christl.n thoulht-". war de. veloped." which h.ppy dn:umltanee. they prediet ... d. would hOlten Il return to normal.

We do not like to be penlmiltlc. but I lit. tie reasonmg eompell u~ to at.te th.t we do not bellue that Indultry, under the I)TClent compo'tltive economic ,yatem. will. III nnv time in the future, be .ble to employ III of th" m"n who wilh to work.

What of the workerl who were dropped in the preBent crilil, .nd ..... ho have ruch ... d middle '/l:e! Corporatlonl, with their dead­Iinc of 86 and ,,"0 yean ... 1\1 not ",,,,,I,,), them. AlIo, we might mcntion the man who il barred owing to tht f.ct that he il a member of the labor union or hil craft, nnd, what of the ever_lncrtaling number of skilled meeh'nl~. who aro being dllpl.ced by the machlnel

Wo nre told thnl n,en of th~ latter cl.n will be absorbed by other industrlu, hut. fada do not lubstantlate the anertion; allo, JUlt to prove to tho world that the dis_ plnced meehanlc I, at r.ult, we have the oft.­rep .... ted nuertlon th.t he Is unemployed beeau~e he u unwilling 10 lurn a ncw trnde. In reply we Inquire, "Where II the employer who will enlCnge mnture mcm AI apprentices!"

It seeml t hll t aur bll "u~;",'" men, tholo

fin.nd.1 wiza rds who, we are told . know Mil thi ngs, cannot let well enough I ione. When the worker h .. achievt'd • Im.U dec ree of p rosperity. Ih" LI~ Lu.i"t'n men In,ul;u rat e a round of speculation, over_capita liza t ion, lind luuing of worthleu Block thlt soon brings down the roof, not only upon their he.dl, but upon the hend of Ihe work"r who has no part in the game.

We belieTe that Pruldent Hoover WII lincere when he expresllld tho duire to ob literate unf'mplnyml'nt and poverty. but he will discover that he cannot accompll,h that end with • lI}'stem or dillributlon thnt hIS been rendered obloletc and unworkable by the introduction of 1.bor-&avLnl: machin­ery, whleh, when operated b)' on~-h.lf of ou r IIdult population, I. enabled to produce enough food .nd othl't neee .. ar), roodl to provide for the wanll of Ihe entire popula­tion of our eountry.

Since science hll Ihown the wly In 10 many other lines of hum.n endenor. sineo we do not helltate to .pply It in full meu_ u re to the nrt of war. with which to destro)' life and properl)', to Iprud mbery .nd haired-why not .pply ulence to the prnb· lem o f diltrlbulion In on .ttempt to pr ... setTe life .nu tu "r~lIlt' more wenlth. to en­hance the joy of living •• nd to brinK about a genuine good will .monlt men!

We do not believe th.t Ihe fierce compt'ti­tlon for the opportunity to um • IiTinlll' brings out the best traits of the m.n. The modern mech'nic la often placed In • mall unfaTorable light b)' comparing him with the arti~an of three to StoTen centuries ago: It is said that "He hOI none of the artilt In him," or th.t, "De aeu, or puts no art In his work." However, we mhrht remInd the eriUes that the workm3n of the Pllllt, th. "cathedral builder," h.d unlimltfd time for eaeh detail of bll work, and re.n In which to comple te hil churchea. Thc prelent day workman must make haste; he hewa jUlt near enoogh to the line that hla IInllhrd work will p ... inapedion, and Ihould he tarry fo r . moment to put I lillie art In his work. he would find hlmlelf without I job.

The eou'1s, .nd other .nthorltlea whOle duty It,. II to enforce the law •• nd deal with crimin.11 are al.rmed .t the ,rut amount of erlme being committt'd by the prClent j1"eneutlon. A system of dlluibutlun tl'"l would give eTery younK m.n .n opportunity to le.rn a t rade, or profeulon which would provide ateady and profitllble employm~nt throul:"hnut Ihl'ir lifetime would do mueh to remedy thil conditIon.

Men eng.ged In Interutlng, proflt.ble. and continuous employment do nOt become criminalB.

The objection to the aboTe " that .n)· suth plan w(luld be PAternlllllm, but Wt nnnot find Any thin, pnternali~tle In pro­viding employment to men who deTote their labor 10 produdng necenltlca lind camforts. Our own inside wiremen .re a fair example. pulling their heart. out on a boring m.­chine, or on I ftet of dies; .110. the l inem~n, working up nnd dowl\ the polu all d.y. tapping and tranaferring IIv, .. Irea that rllrry the conat.nt threat of delth b)' th . ..,· troeution. rroviding employment to theMe men who. hy arduous I.bor, brinK tu the homcoa of tbe min)' the lTeatCit modern comfort, ift not pat ... rnallam_rAlher we think that the sboe lion the other foot.

'fhe problt'm of unemployment mUll I,e met eventually: why not nowl

The correspondent wrlti'ng from I •. U. No. 226, il ".11 het up" OVet the fact that the Pruldent hal not Ihottened houra, relle1'Cd unemployment, And rutore!! cond ition. Ke n­erally. The Pr.-.aldent. or any of hi! Bue­eenora. will do an of thoa' thin,., ... hcn­lind not before-tho mechanic , the white collar worke r, nnd lhe fnrmer combine to

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98 The Journal 0/ ElectricaL Wo,.ker's and Opel"Ulo)·.~ f'ebl'llal'Y. 19JI

eJect about 00 S"III!tOn lind 300 RI'I, .... aentll' liv"s to represent them III W"Ahington, nnd direct. by pToper leglalation, th" chief ex ... ",­uti"," to do tholle VU}' thinf,:a.

The rltJxt!n~ mention ... tt above have Bnlp~e p(lw('r tn do thi l. lind IhHe II no use In "paning the buck."

The wrrupondent writ;n .. from L. U. No. :>:1, In thl' Dfcember is>-ue of the JOI..'W.x.u .. In II welJ written .nidl'. ull. attention to the need of an Active labor party in thia counlry. ""lurl.' gent'Tlltion •• more ind,,· pl'nden! in thought. and unhamper .. d by in­h('rited Inhibition. will .upport II Jabor party, and they _Ill live happy. health)' l ive. In whiCh unt'mpioyml'nt lind poverty will hllv\! no part, but our pre~ent day worker II ... more important things to think • bout prohibition, for inBtanre.

One ret'l. rather timid about ~ontributlnil' to the JOt 'RNAL, atter reading the pithy editorilll, by BrOlher IIroll ~h. TheBe ('on­tributlonl provide lhl! only medium b)O

"'hlch the RTotherl In the wut ~an become aequllint" with our I'r ..... ident lind, judging from the. eomment lhllt we hear, he and hi' ... ritinEI hilYe. made a most f.vorab]e imp rea· • ion, not only among our own membenhlp. but with omee.fI and memb('fI of other or· ganillltloni a. well. Speakin!; for our· aolvu, they arn moat refruh ing lind at the ,ame tlmo about th~ only new lind original thinsr lhllt we have nncountered in our :.!5 year. of memiltflhlp in the Brotherhood. We were Impreued by hla early di .... owal of any 1I11eglanee to politidan,. No doubt long ye.atl of unp]e.lBllnt nperience srave him the thought. ··Demouaey il all right If It worlll," and we liked that one, too.

Memben of the Brotherhood, after read· tng hit edltOrlllll, lOOk to him for letdenhip and npreIB the hope that, "lie will do lomethlng'" for the organiution. However, they mUll belli" In mind that there is little that he ('lin do unle .. given the proper a nI'· port. The only rault that we have to lind with him la thaI he Wal abeut 20 yearl Inte. In arriving, tor in that time our orgRniza· tion h .. Ju.t about lOll the .. ork ot the co rporatlona of thl , coast, and lost it h)· sheer roily.

PAUL II .UuLT(lN. SO"1l to CMt 1f01O' ido,·uti"" totttr, blOt

_po.-:, g li"ult<!.

L. U. NO. 63 2, ATLANTA, GA.

EdlU!r: ReadIng the contribution. to the Brother·

hood from the dilferent loul, of the I. B. 1-:. W., we fMI that we have not contributed neWI In the Pllt, hut for the yellr 1931 we are ping to try to hllye lomethlng forthcoming nch month. al we believe that conditions ... 111 be better and the spirit In the dilferent locall will be revived again. Between the three! local. that meet In the 'ame buHdlnJl: here in Atlanta we IUn!i )' ought to cover the neWI for the JOW"A'"

E. J. POTTll.

L. U. NO. 6 78, HOB BS, N. MEX. F.!lltor:

Local Union No. 678, lIobbl, is ~ti1l on the map lind going .!rong, I Am proud to .ay. Con(Utlonl hHe are like they lire ~1I over the eounlry-no work much. but we .re doing all the jobs that IImount t n anythlnlt.

We are Jt\vlng the long talb a run ror their money. We hav" good working eon· dltion_, thanks to Brotber Ingram, .. ho wa. the ortanlur 01 thl, local. An ahopi are ,Ign" nC't'pt two. Brother Ingram was thTough he re thll ... eek on hi. wily to Albu· querque and sU!pJ)('d o .. er for our meetinsr. Now lhere I. a boy who I! doinsr ,ome.thlnlt

for the o rg1lnl1.Mlon, and It hllrd work has anything to do with It he will do more.

The depreliion II pretty hlld over thia part of the country, but it don't do IIny good to I~dk nbout It. In (art the be.t way to ._tnl> it i. to qui! Inlklnj( about hard times and )10 In Inlkinll' nbout the good tlmn we lire I:'olnll" tl> hn~ in 1031.

I have bHn _in/r quit. a bit about not havin, th cony~ntion thb ye.r. Now, Rrothen, I don·t believf in '''''lIIling that money on hll,'lnll: a ~onvenl[on thll year whl'n It could be U .• ed to a better purpoSE'. To my way of thinking, why not take that money and whip thet!' Ilo ... er compllnies! We could do II, nnd that 'lVay it would r .. · lievo the Unl'mllloymcnt .itn .. tlon to IOrnQ

extent, Iiso help the organization. Let' , hl'lIr from lome of you 10000aii .bout thi l .

J . O. TAavt:R.

L. U. NO. 696, A LBAN Y, N. Y. Editor:

The I.bor .llulition in Albllny it the !lame as not" in my IlIwt letter and the outlook ror the winter I, not encou rllsr1ng in the lea~t . The only job lof any .i!e I" the .. iring of • five-muted "e_1 whleh I. tied up to the municipal doek lit the foot of Ri"l'nide Pllrk-, lind this Job wl11 be eully handled by the aholl which tnkeR th(l l'ontrucl. Thl, bout, Ihe ("Ity of PGrtinnrl, IIccording to rcport, will be con"erted Into a place of .mu.ement, with golf. tennla, dandng and r('.ttaurant­In 11Il'1. everythlng that lion toward the mak. inll" of a "show boat."

Thl' memben or L. U. No. 696 hsve had 10lIle diftkulty In the intt'rpretltion of the new eonltilut ioa; but with the IIdvent ('Of Int('rnRllonlil fleprl'lt'ntIlU"e Brother G. L. Smith, the l'lnltU in quelUon are bei", dellf~ up along with other matter, which nf>eded attention. I believe that the member­ship of L. U. No. 696 duly appreclltea the Inbor of Brother Smith [n putting our ]01"111

union in conformity with the 1I0lldu " s out­lin('d by the Internlltional Office.

Brother 11. Rennett, of L. U. No.3, paid UR II visit And gllve a very inteTuting talk on orgllnintlon.

International UCprell"nllltive McC.dden b in Albany working upon a lurvey of the barp canal, with the obJec:t of orcanning the employet'l of ume. Brotbe .... Scott. ot Troy: Fannin". of Sehenect.ady. and Cum. ming., of Albany, have been appointed to allliit In thl. work. The committee t':lpectll 10 report IIIvorlibly in the near luture lind I kno ... that they wl11 have the aupport and goofl wilhel of all union men in thb worthy undertaklnlC.

Brother E. J. '·Boomer" DIIVi., Interna­tionll Auditor, III in our mld.!!l. and I, in­Bllllllnsr a new bookkeeping Iy.tem. t am not II bookke('per, hut I undentand that with Ihe new arrllnllement 01 our book. It will be ponible to check-up on mattera with I mini· mum ef delay and a. I '" it., that me.an. prolrreu.

We h.ve hid 110 many vilito .... of late thllt I think L. U. No. 696 ,hould hllve "at home" day. with cllrd. engrllvt'd to th.t effect; bUI upon the other hllnd. we are alway. "II home" during the pruent period of unt'm­J.loyment--ao there -you are. Leaving:lll Joking o ~i de, vl~llorl aTc ~vcr welcome and I know lhllt the boy. are III""aY$ ready with the glad hllnd lind cheery .mlle ror one and 1111.

I mentioned In one of my pa~t letters the fact that we were workIng upon relief meas· ure. for OUT membe .... hip. At present some ~lIn. whereby we can aid and .... i.t worthy Brothen, il d ... l ... ble and urgent and the tll[nE of an working mechanlca provides. in Pl rt at lellt, a mu", to that end. The tax 01 20 «nt •• day h .. been put into elfect

by L. U. No. G!l6 upon those ml'!.'hanlc. who are tortunllte enough to be wnrkinlj'. I know full well thllt no one like. to bo IIll1used or IRXe.d, but thla I, no ordinary l'IU'~ of taxa· tion lind rlln not be so clu.ed. h If lim ply an unfmpioyrnl"nt in.urlln~e, some. thlnJr lhllt many la,ge I1 rmll lire In8titutinM threughout lhe ~OUnlr)' nnd l'ven thouCh ,ome may oPPG,e lu~h a ta" ] ~Ile"e the ""'I'Un' I "ood one fOT all. Think of It .. an 1I.!I>I"t<oment if you will. but do not 1_ ,ight of thl' r.et thnt It Is retffllll'tive. If I ma)', without levity. draw from thlt wond .. r . ful llook, the Bib]., thll t.ll i. like "cllltinll bread upon the ... aten." It It hound to re· turn lind at II time when needed the mOlt

C. A. 1l01l1::ItT!lo ----L. U. NO. 723, FORT WA YNE, IND.

Editor: Unemployment eontlnues throughout tht

jurilldiction of our o rKaniution: not only men of our trade but workln, [IC'Ople in all tr&d"" and eaUinp are unemploy" and the Iggreglte number of unemployt'd in North America today la ~eunted In mimonl.

It il all very ... ,,11 for men U! lay that WI'

a]way" ~ome throulI:h thelle period.!! .. ith .. tety, but ... e do not come through them without grellt aulferlng lind II grent number of our peopln endurinlC hardBhlll. Under a well-reguillted IYltern of indUUry. there I. no rca!lOn ror any m"n to be unempleyed. With our grut natural tellOur('el lind 'lVealth, it aure.ly I, II . trong indictment a,galnlt the Iyslem prevailing In industry, to aee lonll: linel of hunsrry men and 'lVomen Wilting to Iftur:e food from peepll who utabll.h plleeR to feed the hunJrrY.

Thn problem of unemployment can be IIOlved, but the IIOlutlon of it doc. not lie In laying "' .. n 01T and adding to the alrelldy Ilrge number who life unable to ll.e('u re work T~e labor monment i, wl11lng to ('(I·operate with employ('r, of labor in the IItIlution of this problem nnd the employer mUllt Mhow II diBpoBition 10 delll with thl . qUestion In " tincere and praetical mllnner. Would advilH' thlt there be no delllY In n!duclng the houn of labor to whatever point II nHeUllfy 110 thllt every mlln will hllve a Job paying a wage thllt will pTo .. lde himself and hll ram II)' witb the comforta II weli al tht' nec_Itl ... of life. Orrranind labor'. high wage nnd ahorter houn prineip]u were never so fl;e.n­erally accepted. It the nlllion would end de. prellion the" IIhould be appll".

The IIppliution 0' these prlnclplt'8 ... iII turn unemployed Into produl'efl, lind non­.pende .. Into buyen Ind conlumeu. Well wbbcs lind hope will not eatahllah thoBC IIrindpl~l. Thero must be II w111 to do be· hind kindly sentiment •.

The unemployed worker mUlt .mile Ironl· ~al1y when he reads thl! well munlng advll'(' extended to him on .11 .ldOi thMt pro.~rity will return if hI! onl, ruum ... hi. normll purchase.. Whe~ I. the worker who h.1 not run Ihe Itluntlet of lou of work ~auloe of lleasonl l II.ck, of periodle depre .. ion, of foreign eom~tilien, of chllnge in fashion, of machine ,ubstitutionl lIe kno .... only too wt'll lhat he livea In a I.nd of plenty whleh he h.s In the put .ha red In the mllkinfl;, and theae facti only afl;lI'ravate the rllncor in hla henrt thnt he muet, n41vcrthelcu, go without work .nd without WIiIeU,

ANTIIONY J . OYIT.llu::.

DIAMOND-SHAPED BlJITONS wear in your coat lapel,

the emblem and in­or the I. B. E. W.

and hand- $2 50 enalIleled__ •

t I

•

Feb"UU1Y, 1991 The JOIII'lIa/, of J.;/Nll"ical ll'o,.kers and Operatol'x 99

L. U. NO. 734, NOR FOL K, VA .

Editor: Not~d " !rtter from L. U. No. A:I:!, N'~llrd

ing the v('r), aub,lantial nuiftlanee rendcr~d by that locnl to ollr friend. in nanvil\e. If any o'h('r hx'.I. are ftcnding 1I~.lnRnee to Danville. we would like to hear from them.

We 81~o not~d. letter from L. U. 21&, atat.­InK lhllt they h~ld lin el~tion In De«mbl'f nnd I wonder if they ~/iIiU' thb l~ in vl"It.· tit)!> of Section_ No. 13 lind 14, Article XXIX IIf the nt'w I'OII.titution.

Reginninl'; on SundllY, !-'ebrunry t, lind ("<lntinuirll{ f(tr four Sundnys. the theatr!,1 of Norfolk will fUn ahows from whkh the entire 1>0. omce N!'(' .. lph will IH! turnffl over to II ~itizena' C'Ommittee f(lf the rl'lief of Norfolk', unemployed.

One orgnniution only voked objediona to Ihill plan and they having no prllrtiui alter­native plan to vlT~r 1<0"1'" u'"rrul"d by U .. , dly eouII("l1 and Ihe permit w .. luued. P.m· ployees of the ... theatre. will donate their S('rvi~.

We .M'e by the paper. thl\t our !!"ood friend, Grunow, hllG ~n deposed aa prt.'~ident of th~ Gripby-Grunow Company. ApparentlJ the I"Ompany ie not satisfied with hi_ leadenhip. Perhaps thle will adjuet some of the dlfTer. ences b(otween Ihlll conlpany and labor.

We abo _ that lome of Ih. obltrut'tiona han been I'f'moved from Ihe path of the blt­tl@ship modlllcation bill. Thla bill, thank. to Sen. to. Sw.n~on, of "lrKlnla, haa puaed the Sen.t~.

The lionlit' rule' commit I~ h •• promittd a sub-committee, eons;at;n!!" of Repruentlltive. l.ankford (\'lrIPnla), Vln ... n (Geor!!";a), and Miller (Waahink\on), to move thlll bill up on the House c.lendllr.

If thi. blll pU.M·~ rlnrin!'" th~ pr~~nt su, aion of ('ong.e", Norfolk Nuy Yard is a.­.ured II $10.000,000 mod~riJ.ation Job on the natU~Hhlp Mluluippi.

Work on th~ post olllc~ .dditlon .t Poru­mouth ;s about to "tart, Tbe eontract wa. awarded sn out of town eont.ador to whom lom~ objection waa ral8fd on Ihe Itround thlt cheap labor mllht be imported, bul the con­Irador haa axtffrl to use loul llIbor and to maintain l(I(:al wa", ..,,,Iea .. fllr II. poulhie. This phase will be carefully walehed.

As proof that Mlmeon~ reads the JOlJalJl,l.L. nrother 1J0mer lloot, of I.. U. No. 73.1. writu from Sprinl:"lI~ld, Ohio, that he reads and enJoYI ellery IIlue. So read th~ JOl:lINAl. tvery Wlonth, and see your dentlot at leaat twi~ a year. SAlfVA~

L. U. NO. 948, FL INT . M IC H .

Editor; We hrar 10 mueh of the .ulT~'-r;nlt of hu

manity. brought about by depru.ion of bual­neu. thu one I~ "pt to b!'eome 10 mOI'"OH and dillCOurak~d thll~ he will forl:"('t to laugh ~nd f .. il tu I~e the lun~hin~, or brllthter thlnll'~ of lite.

It b at thla time. I belie'·e, th~t everyone no mlitter what their burden. ahould do lome­thing to make the other fellow happy. We relliu • h.ppy penon Ii .. ~v"te"I.,.1 une. It mlly be our lot Is not ... bad ae the other fellow'a at that.

While we're on our protr.ned vaCAtion (nOt brought on b)' ounelvet) let us lee it we enn digC1lt the "Wickenham report." That ought to r\"e UI a good laugh. Some of the "dryl" .re an a-tlutle r over thei r 10-<"al1ed victory, while the wet element il get­ling a lot of ,onsolatlon out or It. We. who lire on the side Unu think it a lot of hooey.

We wondH where thi. aultUI! body (the Wickersham commllt~l got ill Information; sur el)· not I rom the directon of prohibition or their hireUnal. Would they want to kill "the goo1M' th.t laid the s:olden era"! Prob-

abl,. they inter,·w,,",.1 , .. ",,, ut thl! 1I0werfui beer baron~.

00 the men who are ludd 10 entorce the prohibition In .... ron.dentiou"ly try to do that thing! I.l't Ihl' for .... ~ in W,..h;ngton ~et to· xcther and enforcl" thl' IlIw Or d", IIdmit it i~ a putrid thing MIUI "trike It 'rum our nobl~ eonMitution and In its vlact' IIdd nn Mmend­ml'nt thai will t..fIke car~ ot our lilted and po,·ert)· stricken .·itiz~·n~. K II GniMCI.

L. U. NO. 11 4 1. OKLAHOMA CITY. OKLA.

Editor; I'resid(Ont Bronrh, In his edituri.1 "('om­

O\l'nl," m,.ntion_ OUr nt)tligl'nce In not go­InK after ruidl·nti .. 1 wiring. Yt'R, he II rilCht; we hltve failed to meet ronditiona. lIul why! Here'. the alluatio" In Okla­homa Cit~·' The unfair ~onlrarlor here I,av. hi. !ongtal11 by the outlet, Thirty-flv,. frntll p~r outlet i, lOP wagl'S b(OinK raid to them at the Ilre_cnt tim~. Thill dnn not in­clude the ~ntl1lnce Bwitch. pan~I, telephone atub, radio plug, nor bell, whl~h " chsrity work. Then poor fooll know nothln!!" about hou~e wiring, and by workins: from .un-up to tun'Ht eu the~· did on the farm) un make an e'·eraJ,:e of !'iill dolla .. per dny. Meet theae condition~ we mUlt, If part of our Brothe .. are to be kept otl" the ItN!ets. I.oral No. 1141 and the fair ~ontracto" ere eo·operating nnd ml'etinIC thue condilions, and ,,'e are now bungalowing right .Iong. Did l'ioml!'One Ilk If we wer~ allo working by the oullet or had lICeeptt'd a wage cut! Sl'lther. W~ are dOlllg It III • legitlmllte .... ay. Some day thit work will be turned over to cia .. B men, also to floaten who hit town for u~y pickings. We have an A.I leader in Pruhh!llt Broach. A plan by which d .. a Band C wlrem~n will be given N:'~idential wirln!! and maintenance .... ork II what we look to Pre.ident Uroaeh for.

Brother Dan Traey, InternatIonal Vlco Pruident of thll dilltrict, know. hnw to pick the man for U." jub. Wiu,n we aent in an S. O. S. rail for nn olll:anl&e>r. Urother Stanley Rudewltk was the anlwe.. lie h .. Itraightened out ROme of the IhoPI here and not only that but h .. pulled Jobs aWIIY from thl unfair contrnc\ou In the IUf­

round in, territory. The only drlwbatk I. that h~ haa been pul1ed out of here leveral timu. Chief, we pray thee to leave him in thl, town. so thai It may again be II bricht apnt nn th,. mllp. ~verll mil_ 1I0n doUa .. worth of general ton"truction I. to be atarled here in the .pring, and lIroth~r Rudewlek I~ the light to lead u, to It_

About the plctur~. of the Wllrn~r Brother .. Theatre, Ilublllhtd lalt month, abo the gang that did it for Wad~ Hi~ka Ele(:trie Company. Th~ gentleman on the r igM end with cap and o'coat il Mr. H lcka. nnrry Feel, the fin· ancia l secretary and aom~what of an ama­teur photographer. wasn't watthing eloae, 10 I Inellked In behind th~ bOYI.

General Outdoor AdVertising Company w .. st raightened up and pul on three of the boy. on the ,I/tnl for two ... eekl. Thue ,Ignl bum Ii?ooo .... 111. and we are proud to ha"e them In our town, III th~y mean lom~thinl\' elle to UI buidu good enter­tainment.

The eryltal chandell~r whkh WIIS hung In the dome wl'llCh. 1.250 pounda. I IlIlKht add that the fixtures i",ta11ed on thi. job were wired by membera of I.ocal No.3. and a. ~he boya laid, It Willi II ple.lure to hnng them. Wnde IIlckl Electrle Company abo r(Owired the Liberty Theall' .. rur W .. rne r Brotherl.

Rrothe ... the louthwen il no betUr thon elsewhere thl, winter. Would lid vise you to .tay home wher~ you balle a better chanee. TOM IlUlI HINC,

L. U. NO. 1154 , SANTA MONICA, CALIF.

Edito r ; Labor ha. alway. bftn th~ hub of tht

wheel of indUalry. It Ih~t huh ~t~ defective. Whlll b the rl'"ult' Ski1led lobor Im~ nlway" been worthy of • tair wage and it Beem_ that big bUllne .. b trying to make their em· ploYeH more of the sen-anl type, plly the waKe th.t they de,ire ~o off~r. rel:llrdlc~a of ~ow well thcy realbe Ihe ne<:uoity of the hub of th~ wheel. The)' promot~ and utah­lI~h burCBU! of re.earch, spend f'normOM luml for Inboratorlta and ,hOIlI. N~"t thing in cornu a lImall machine and OUt 1:"0 50 men. Labor ha. never fal1en down by the IlIck of man power or intel1ilt"cne~ hut a~ a lI'f'nerlll rule Ikilled and in'llligent workmnn­'hlp dt'mlllldl a hllllh ..... gl' that aet>ml to be m(lre than the /treedy m"nuflcturing baron df~lN:'s to pny.

I hllte bHn trylnlC to figure out when they wl1l invent a machine to wire buildlnp. Tb~y are at the pN:'lICnt time puUing out thread· if .. !lIpe snd flulnlCl. They cost the con­tractor more money but tht lalelmen .re in. .trut!ed by the manufacturer, aiM) the whole­.all'n and th~lr .alelmen, to educate the con­trarto", to the fad thlt they tOlt them a little more but that they can .. ve the diITer. fnfe In the time of the ... iremen. In fatt. It wu uplained by II .. lesmnn thlll one con· tracto r .. ved $312 on a $2.000 Job In .a!!"I" o. tht' time that It took to thread the IIipt'. And MI it ~the manuflduN:'r in the manuh.dur'"K proceu .nvea the m.chln(O thread expenwe abo the lalary of one mlln_ At leaal the producer gi!tl more money for hl~ product but a. loon .. thty can Itel these threadlell lIuinp .tllndsrdized and pelll5ed bJ all inlpet"tion ..t""utwt:nla th .. y will .. ,·e thl pipe threadinx upen_ lit the factory. wh~re at pruent mOlt al1 pipe 11 thN:'"ded. And don't worry. the political manipuJaton will pa .. thil .tutl" whenever it i, necflUllry. The true fact of the matter ill that the..., flttlnga. al far III I (lin aee, .ro not water or vapor proof up to the pre~ent time but nen if th~y were, after an 11 .. id and done, ~ .. ery one gell a break but the w1r~mlln on th~ job

In aurnylng lOme of the eonditlonl I have fon~i .. ed the idea that too much credit I. advanred an over the country in the Inrger cltlea. Tn many cawea wheN:' the walt~ umer of the hom" IM~s hi, position Iha nlXt thinr hl' knows the eredit eompanlta commence deanin!! him out a pIece at a time tJU he il strlplled from at(Om to gud~n.

Thes~ tabuloua adnrti~inp and the ellllY mdhodl of p.ymenll hlltt fll1cr! th,. homn wllh unpaid·for luxu rita.

Thll can be attributed to two dllferent eau~et. flnt from the young fI.p~r house wife who haa Rotkdelt ideu mar r ied to I wage ellrner, who wantl all the luxuriu of life and buya from every peddler who cornu to Ihe door and I1ItUrel that the old man un lla~k the burden when even th~ clothes on her bllck are oul of dllte bl>fore they ITe paid for. Th(On on the oth~r hand you can attribute it to the IInan~e companies. They put ag~ntl hI the 11~ld, vilit certain merchanll handling hume luxurle* and Invite them to place their product on .ale at • ver y Inviting cr~dlt bull and ror every .rt!rle lold they buy the paller di..,ount for e .. h nnd IIloume the fT~dit p.ymenta ",ith the highest rate of in­tl'~at that the law will allow and the wllge CKrncr pays and paya.

Such condltionl hllve J(ot the Iver llKO wage ...rnu down tl1l nt last his car IO<!~. then he hu til Rl.rt al1 Ov"r IglI;n. They Blly that Muuollni hns eVHythlng strnighl~nell out In Itnly but the Ipa"heUi. The troublo il wit'J UJ that we have !Cot more than Iplighetti 10 I trll llChten out.

•

100 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators February, 1931

AI the buildin" condltiona 1IN1 rather !Iui!!t at the preHnt time, would adYise .11 the boy. coming thil "'If to uve the exceu on their tool kit, although the lakh at ring ;1 a1.8,. out to the boy. who happen to drift alonR.

It ~ml that .orne time back Ib.t one of our fair contracto,.. lI.ing I numbtr of the 00,' II .n tlmu, t a t her got 01T on the wrong foot and dN-lued II reduction In .a«e. rOt journeymen which fOl"t'ed all the boy_ out ('Of the ~hop. The .hop It ill b on the ""kged ed«e. Although tho Ihop Waft o~n to crill. dim lind whkh 11''' the else II' apP<"lred In these columns IlOme time blick, our bu.ine~J manager hal called upon the peraonnel of thi , 5hop from time to time and Interviewed the proprietQra. Ite Icem! womewhnt In­clined .,,,Inal 1h(l attitude taken In thele columnl. n ut t *111 ~tnte thllt the m~h(ln . ieal. buln of that _hop WII~ from the local. ft8llsted by It ~tllff of f,nt Rnd emcient journeymen, lind ~t no lime w .. there nny deficiency ahown I\monjf the boYI and any tim(l thue wa. our bUl ineu n''' ',ager ceuld a lways place a better man in the weak aP<lt.

At that it .eerna thllt It Is only 1\ fair proposition that both partin concerned can preaent their sentiments nnd according to the ~entiment. _hown regarding lhe word. upreued in that behalf the ahoo. mUll have HI.

J..o<:&1 No. 116~ and it. membeu a. a whole go on record al advancing the molt hearty co-operation and the betterment and up­building of _II shop. in iu condition_ with and for the eontractor: abo, keepin&" the ranka of our organiution clean and etlklent. Still Mmf' of thne ,hopi try to tou ularound like .. e WeN! rubber balla, only bree~linr di.­<'Ord and hate and not only dilruplinr their condition. but tbe whole district in &"eneral.

We are only a Imall , subur ban dl,trld .... ith II Ie .... mcombua and a lew IhoPI IDd there il too much outlide compotition 01 curb. tone contradon jumpin&, in the dlltrict nil the time and It seem~ that thele Ihop o .... nen ... ·ould realize that the men can not do without the IhOPI and tht shoPI wl11 not lUI" eeed .... ithout the to·operation of the wire_ men and the only thing to do II to stick to. "ether .. II body lin d erellit a little pOWH. The writ('r of thele coillmni dot'S not .. ilh to ridicul~ 1I.nyone penonlilly or ~top On one ... ·hen down, bllt bllsinec~. and Irlendship do not mi!C in rnnny e.~e~ lind I bllye been on Job. where the bou hlld no friendly fetllnga for II certain man bllt kept him the re bee_uBe the rnan knew hb bu~ineu, Ilnd thllt I, whnt I eall fai r bUline .. judgment. Thi. bitinll: off your nOBe to Iplte yOllr fRce don't go.

Tht write r J. willing lit all times to ex. tend nn npology whencver it I~ eon.idered in order. I think that thil shop regn'lI ill . tep the same II we do, lit it threw a competitiye ahop Into the field which is holding its own a ll Ihe way throulth and hll the loyal IUp ' por t o f the local whero our delinquent friend hili lo.t by it.

nut through It all Local No. 1164 I tandl :,-,ady to conyert the linner Ind bring back Into the fold of proper condition. Ind 'lra,h those erron a .... ay In the blood of 1.. U. No. 115~.

THE H OHSRLOwr.n.

The bollnd " olum~ of the IU O ~: l e( lri cal Wor"en J Oll rna l ate 10 be ao ld .pin Ih ll' )'ur fo r 13.1(. fIOI,l a.-e prepl ld. "hcy n re IIn; fo ,m .... Ith Ihe vo lu mH of ot h .. r )"u ra,. one-fou rt h I .. a lh .. r . h l ndllom .. a nd du rah le.

Women'. Auxil iary

WOMEN 'S AUXILIARY L. U. NO. 83, LOS ANGELES, CALIF.

Editor: I don't think tbeN! hal ner tkoen Iny.

thing In you r paper from u. out here in sonny California, 110 I am golne to .tart tbt New Year right by .ending In II little item. At a 8peel.1 meeting of the e lectrkl l 'lrork. (On on Dt>«.mber 10, 1930, we, the women. raffled off a comlort. which brought the neat l um of $30.60. To this we Idded IIOme and !,lIrchued IIOmt grocerle. Ind dl.tributed some 22 bo,e. lit Chri.tm .. time amllng IIOme of ou r wo rthy members who had been out of work IC!verlll month.. WG hllvo only II

few mcmben but it Will eertalnly II privi. lege and n great pltoslI NI to have been able to do ou r !lUle bit lit thll time.

Wo hope that we will be able to get quite a few memben thia )·ear. t am lure we could mike! tbi, organizntion a real, bene_ ficial and la.tlng orglnization with a little co·ope rlltlon I rom some 01 thclIt! men'l wiyes .... ho did not know we exilted. So come on in and help UI out thil yen r.

MII8. M. V. F(MIINGrON.

WOMEN'S AUXILIARY L. U, NO. 308, S~ PETERSBURG, FLA.

Editor: We have had sevcral meetin" ainee

wl'Ote In lal t. At our lut meetlne .... e were addrelled on dirreN!nt labor qUl'llIons by Mr. V. S. Itevring, pn,ident of the Central Labor Body; also Mr. Bordmln, pa.t pruident .

The lu.dUlry rnve a Rallo .... e'en duck aup­per to the I. B. E. W. Brothera, which proved to be anal fea.t, each member contributing dilferent di.hes, "'hleh made It very ineJC~n_ ,h"e for all. ....Irl. Rain hid toIIlted the duck. II golden brown, and were they deli. cious' lin. Davi. mlde the frozen salld. whleh had In IlIrge lettera, t. B. E. W.

La.t meeting we lerved horn"..mnde ehili con carnt, e racken, hot colfe. and e.kt which p roved to be a rea l populnr luneh with Ihe ~rother.. Sin...., It II cooler, hot things li re In ordor . •

Well, Chrlltm .. h .. coma and gone, and II

New Year II jUlt here. Mo.t of us are hop. ing- with It will eome the return of proa~rlty.

Spellkln.- of hlrd times, lhnt I. one 01 the rellonl mOllt of the a ll!CilIariel were lormed, IIlthough lOme h1\ve existed eyell longer. In o rder to bring about a belt!'r under.tanding betwun the workin&" man: a social part that all could lake part In, allO to Itimu. late aUl'ndanee. create new membeu Ind olfer aolate to the man out of 'lrork. Uemem. ~r tho are--old wordl: "Torethu .. e lland. d,,,lded we fall."

The tlmt hll .rrived whl'n the .... omln mus t be Interestf'd in her hu.band'a locll1. So let UI put our Iboulden to the wheel and lee that It goes llround b,. joining ollr local all!Ciliary.

Well, old man winter il hcore and haa many In hi. Ity grip. A, tho radio man say •• the "Sunihinl' City". vaeatlon land of Amu_ lea, il bu,.Ung .. ith winter IItU"ltiu. The selllOn here lion In lull bl .. t. We, too, can hllve II better social program. IIlnce our northern membera havo returned to tbei r southern hornell.

A. McGee II one who I, back with his fllml1y. iJl' II running tho mechanlcll nb. bit at the dog rlltes Which opened De.:ember 27 for a 90·day meet. Olhe,. are: Mr. nnd M,.. R. J . Benn. Mr. Ind Mrs. L. C.

Jflt.on, Mr. and Mra. Berwick. I couldn'l name them Ill, but .... t Ire glad to .... elcom .. them back. . We '" the local at Mlnnelpolis, Minn .• 11 going to organize an auxiliary. We rt. celved a le tter from them .sking for by. la ..... , .... hlch .... e .... m mail to them. DeNl'. luck .and l ucceu and may they hl"e the bC'1l 01 tlmel,

Au!Cl1lariel, pleaat lll'ive your nddreaae •.

lfltS. M.u.cOLM M .. UIIUI. 140·\ Seventh Avenue , North

WOMEN'S AUXiLIARY L, U. NO. 508 SAVANNAH; GA. •

Editor:

n ello, everybody! My Ilrst gnetinp to 1111. Ot course you hnve heard f rom our IIUXl1lllry befo"" but thll I. the lint time "your , truly" hit! hlld tho plelt!ure of wrltlnll" to the JO~N"'L fo r our lIuxilia ry, ao let'. h~po , won t be too terrible a nd thllt theN' WIll ha e noulI"h newl tach month to keep Ill .. bUIY.

Iler? !fOe, : We have not been very aetiv. (meetlngly) Iitely but let'l blame that ('n tho holidllYI, but now that they are over WI' are going to come out bigger and better Our lovely president (who aiM ..... s our or l:"anllCr), Mu. n. I .. , Tolle, haa been .... orkinll: hard to push us forwlrd and .... e are ~er. talnly not goini to fall he r.

Wt ha ".e a new member onl,. three .... et'h old. The IItork teft a daughter at the hom. of Mr. and lIIn. Victor DUlger. The aoxll. lary gave thll lillie mtmber a lo",el,. ,ho"'('f Wo .re looking forward to haYing Mn. DUII:ker .... lth us apin lOOn.

We now hut ou r meeting. aerni-monthl)' Instecad of weekly .nd 10 lar it haa prov~ o. k. After our meeting/!; we enjoy game. or (ard. Ind aomelil!lt!a we even hlye refre~h menu.

We gi"e ""It'ular card parties in order to make money for a very IJ)eC' iaJ fund and ..... " .... ant to teU all Ihe auxililries about thi. very IpeeiaJ fund . It', just like thb 011' autillilry il in ravo r of In I nte rnat ional COli. ventlon lor aUl'ililTlea bllt Wt e.n do nothinll: IIlone 10 we want t he other nll!Ciliaries to j{"lvr us their opinion about thll. rome on no .... Ind let III know how all feel llbout it. Do ..... hn .. a <'Onyention t hia Ipring or lummer o r do Wf not' We hope to have the convention, lO .... e he reb:.: extend our InYltllt10n to thnt botly to hc..ld It. convention in our beautiful cit)', SlIvllnnnh. where genuino hospital ity p royo ll. lind we ahall auu re all of a good time.

Oh. yel; now about the very Ipecial lund It il for lIome lucky member or member, w~ Arll going to .end al deleglltea, providtd th .. conv~nllon 18 in another city. Thll fund will be uoed to cover their upenoes. No .... tbat ia jllit how much we Bre looking forward to thi. grelt meeting.

Wt will hold our nut rard pnrty Februa ry 10 and Wt In IUNI It ... 111 b(l a .ucceu and "'e aho ll .. ulual have an enjoYlble time.

Wo .. ant to .".;.h good luck and plent)· of pO ... er to the newly org.nb~ auxililry of 1.000ai Union No. 292, Mlnneapolil. Let u. hear from you ",gularly.

Well. al II beginner. I think I hllye ",ill enough.

IIIRJ, C. S. WESTCOTT. 242 Ea.t Broad Street.

r. S.: t am endo.ing a letter from our pre.ldent, which I hope you .. III publl i h .

Sivannah, Ga .. January 20, 1931. Mrl. C. S. Wesuoll,

VIce President and P re .. SecN!tary. Ocoar Mn. Westcott:

In your reP<lrt to the J OU1t NAL t hl. month ....iII you please try In lOme .... ay to get our Sliter. in all of t he dift'eren t IIUll'ilIll r lea III'

The Jounwl of E'tectl'ical lV01"~e/'S and Operato/'s 101

tere~ted in an International Wome!!', AUJI' iliary to the Electrical Workeu.

We have a wonderful opportunity to make lhiB aUJliliary on& o{ the largest In thtl United States.

The 1. B. E. W. hal not only hundred. , but thousands, of memhen to our auxiUurlu. We can. ye5, we will, with the help of God lind co-operntion or every member, do won­derful work, not only ror our husbands and familil'B, but for our communi t y.

It we organize ul! or our Ruxiliariu we wilt be able to help each other, exchange Idep~. etc.

Then, too, we want to help the other citle. get started nnd theBe things can be IIccom­plished ~o much better if we Clln get together.

Invite our Sisteu to meet here with us thl. summer, thut we mny renlly get s turted. Let u everyone get down to bu.inen lind let 11". wulld know thnt we've de<';ided to do our shure in making life II little more pleaBant for our (ellow men.

MRS. II. L. TOl,U:. Pre,iden '

MOD ERN UNION PLANT AN ENCINEERING JOB

(Contlnue(\ from page 6(1)

The building of II n10dern union plant i, an engineering job. It implies a knowledge of con8trllrtinn, nf office Bnd pononnel work, and above all ~18e, of unIon probleml and affairs. The layout of rooms, desks, -departments, mURt fit neatly the needs of Ibe orgllnization. The BhllPing up or the new office building of Local Union No. S Will

left largely to Willillm Reuter, vice presi­dent. Mr. Reuter hAR handled big practical electrical eonatruetion jobs, anti has been Ilssoclated with the union III lin olllellll since iWl re-organizlltion. He used to be in a~mi­professional buebllll, and thi' explains in part hi . dean sportsmanahip, coolnen under ti.-c, and generlll all-round con!l'tlt~lIc)'.

• • • One can well pause hc re to look up at thn

Chrysler Tower and the Empire Stille Build­ing. TheBe mountainous pilei rise high ill the lIir, illuminated at night by unaeen wires firmly I\wung there by the skilled hands of membeu or Local Union No. S. Thue men ..... ere not fledglings. They had served their apprenticeship 01 four yenrs, and had made sure tlle;r craftsmaMhip by long yelln of f!ervice on difficult jobs. They hlld Ikl11, knowledge, lind long experience. Th'!y ha,1 tnlent. Some of them, though not marked b~' college degrees, had the knowledge and competency or engineers. Why . houldn't this talent within the union Tanh be ap­plied to union problems? Tn the layout or Local Union No. 3'8 new plunt thlB kind of competency was utilized.

• • • The building i. a sev,m_ltory ornamental

brick structure, wIth II three_l lory addition in the Bame mnterlnl. For the present the union is occupying: the fir st threc Hoon. Each floor repre~entl II mnjor depllrtment (If the organizntion', l.lu8inen lif ...

1. Financial. !!. Administrative nnd personnel. :1. nu~inen, field Rnd manngerial.

The addition hou~e e Ihl' dny e1edrirlll school, unIque in thaI t(luipment tohlling thou~nnds of dollnrs ;8 owned by the union lind by employeu.

Attached to each or the three bnBle de­pArtments lire minor departmenh:

1. To the finaneiw1. the overtime depart­ment, where the ~pecialized ASMsement I, ~ollected.

2. To th~ n<lminl.t.rnt,iv" nml pl'r.nnnel,

the fe'ear,'h and inBurance, Ilnd the com­peMetion depl1rtmenU.

3. To the buaineu, the legal ,lcpartment,

The equipment Ia mo(lern, efficient, hand­Bome, yet not extravnlCant.

"':nth month every dectricnl worker­whether he nttenda union meetings or not -hps n reminder of his connection with hi' orgllnll"tlon. He pny, hi, du~. At times during the month, the Influx of membHs to the bu.lnell3 offiCI! Is ICfellt, lind IIny fhHlne1l\1 office mUll be ~l..,w nuL \0 I)f(jvld<,,--

('onvenience, D!spatcl1, S/lCety.

This ' "ocal Union No.3'" new buslne81 of1icl! doc_with thl! ndded (IUullly of beauty.

Handsome wnlnut cnGea runninl!' the full lenll'th of the IonIC ro-om give the impreulon of good taste and efficiency. F.ip:ht window. srrve tha cllent_the.s lettered so 9! to ~plit up the throng. Within, cnj~l'~ mllrk off the I phere or each cl~rk. Ilehilld theae, 1\ perrect By,tem ot flling recorda the com­plete rocord of each member. A moxlern ~y!tem of burl:'lar 1l1arm, II dynamitA!-proof ufe, lind the most moder n office equipment make the Jnb complete nnd !Iltiftfylng.

Neorly, the "Overtime Sec~lon" 1ft n rep­Ilca of the other duea-receivlng department.

• • • A problem of the admini!lrntive officers 1ft

to mnke themlelveB accenible wllhout n1ak_ inll' th()m~elvca the prey of every thoughtleu enller. Thtk has bccn Ilccomp1i~hed on both the aecontl IIn(1 third 11001'8. lIckldc! the doska for the prefti(lent, flnnnc1nl Jlecretary. nnd recording 8ecret»ry, the omce manllt.,'Cr with Iho 8tenOl(raphie force i~ lOcated on the Beeond floor. Tle re again one [! aware of the praclirnlity 01 the lay-out. He netices the excellent window 8l)aclng. Rclnll' a cOrner structure. 1~10 Weat 2hth St .. "ct. the maximum of BUn nnd aIr (rom lnrjtc window!. Thi. lllunllnation II !upplemented by a .dentlfle Ilghtinlt Bystcm. "Daylight" ulwuYI r"u .. h~. t!,~ .re.l.. uf wo!'kcr. in thb buihlinlt. The telephone I witchboard (or the entire hunding b al~o loollle(l on the Iccond floor. An Int~r-mural Iy~tem con­nectu every deak with th~ other, Th~ rcaearch nntl inBurnnee department

hA! ju~t heen re-ef\uippcd with iml,reved fllinlt ly~temB which make rvery lind 011 lnftlrmn!!tln rl'n,lily nr~('uihl".

Not rorltettlng atnndard. mllintnlned b~' organi7.cd lnbor, a hlln(home rest room. equipped with nttrncllve reed furniture, a radle, nnd other conveniences, II I)rovlded fnr the women or the office.

• • • The bUl intu ornrn on the third floor hn"e

been laid out with an eye to expl\n l lon. They nre lnrge cnoul(h to permit the entire fleld force to meet there in conference. 5ImA1!er conference rooml nrc nho provided. The board room II done with Bevers sim­plicity. Hnndsome oak tnble! flll the c"nler of the room, An enlnrged photolCraph of PrCftldelll Rroach Ie the only decoration.

• • • The building I, nro-proof throughout,

well -heated. It hnl bren completely reno , vnted. The teil"t roomft nre modern. The I'lel'ator l ervice I~ good. It III lArge enoull!h to ,.,l1ow for the coming growth ot the busl nl'U In the union, for a period of

• • • A thr"e -~ tflTY )\(1<Iit.;nn l!nu~~ ~ l.h<1 'lny

ch'ctrie ~c hool. Thi ll school II unIque In thnt iie (ontrol rl'lI ta Inrgcly with the ul)lon. Equipment cllsting $17,000 wlla purchased jointly by New York employers and the

union. The sehool board ill co·operating. Clnue. are under the direction of George M. Nel,on. The c\UI work ia interellting nnd practleal. COUrBe!I nr e Il1ld out with lin eye to the fun need ll of the studenh.

LABOR UNIONS AND CRAFTS MAN· SHIP

(Conllnued from page 73)

kept uppermOst in mind. The lnbor organ­if.8tlon~, 1\8 a rule, hllve nothing to offer; they have nothing te "sell" to the employer. Union omcials cannot vouch for the Buper­lority of unIon workmen, have apparently never even thought thllt It might be desirnble if they could. All they ean do ie cml>ha~lze the rightl of the worker or threaten a strike, nnd very leldom doea eIther gain anything.

Imllgine that you Arc vice president In charge of mnnurncLur" jn a very large ma­chinery-bUilding corporntion. You nre mak­ing your annual report to the directors. There are nodi or encouragement and ap­»'·L-.!iativn aa you prGCeed until YIlU reach the following pllrllgTllph;

"F.llrly In the ~'ellr we unionhed our shop employees and u a rellult of the diffe rence between union pily ratel and market pay rates there haB been lin increase In our labor COlts during the !heal year of $2,440,378."

There ill an awkward. ominous lIilence. The crisp. elder!}' Fl'entlemnn at the (ar cOrner of the tllhle who ill the largest stock­holder rahC8 hiB eyebrows, r emoves his nnRI' gluftr~ and proceeds to qlJe~tion you.

"Have the organhed workmen displayed skill and diligence to compensate for this ndded COllt 1"

"I'm afraid not. No advnntage i. notIceable."

"Then why were they lIermltted to organize?"

"The leading e~onomillts and 1I0clologillh DlIpear to be in agreement thllt unionhm II the bellt lIoluUnn for the workingman'a pmblemll \Lnd , thoulfht we should IIlign ouuelves with thi! up_to_date tendency."

h It neceuRry to say that your lIucce980r would receive inatructions to cancel the arrllnll'ement with the uniona, if pouible1

On the other hAnd, Imagine that your pnrnltraph hud cunlinued n~ fulluwg,

"However, the !Ullerlor ability and appll. tation of the union workmen have lIer­milled reduction II In the cost of malntnln­ing machinery nnd equipment, in the wn~te nf material and ~upp1ie!, in scrnpped work lind In was te of time, to the extent of $3,233,4601, giving a net RaYing of $798.085. A' a result of union oper~tlon."

There nrc smiles and murmur! of ap_ provnl. The pO ll ltlon of the union$ in the plant i. l ecured, two do:r.cn influentiAl per-8nnB >tte converted te unioni8m. nnd you might be vetcd II 8ub! lantial increne in Balnry.

1!, during the next three yenn, 1111 na­tional Blnte nnd loe!!1 union omcials con­centrated on the training of their memben to make better mechnnlcB out of them. ..nd deult with employers on this basis, the effect could be nothing le~s than s tupendous.

nut the !nbor organi7.IIUons have shown no such indint\tion In the past. Pick up the proceedinp:s of the 1929 convention of the American Federation of Labor: , have not yet secn the llJ30 preceedings. Every concelvllble problem lind question are Ii:!ven attent\on-!hnrtcr houn, strikes. Jurisdic­II"n, orgnnlt.ntinn, lpgi ~ latinn, wnl':p~, ml'rh _ nnl:r.ulion of in,lu~try, Roc\ology, t"rifT, In­dustrial trends, bargaining, economIcs, poli_ tIc_everything eJlcellt workmaMhip. There il a committee nn education which concerns

102 The Jom'nal of E'lectrical Workers and Operatol's February. 19;]1

itself, however. with making the arg.nlnd worker. beUer union man, not a better workman; there are eommitteea on leei.­Jallon, on alate and national organl,atlon, but none on ,tandud. of .kill.

"But," lomeone rna,. contend, "thaI II not .. jthin the province of the American Fed. eration of Labor. Read the con.tilutlon: the objects of the Federation do not even Include standard. of Iklll and workman,hlp,"

Preeise1y; why don't the)' indude them? ell1'l it be that the atep taken by the

electridlru' union at Milwaukee is the lIut sign or • new polley of orgl\nized Jabot'!

The new agreement at Milwaukee not on1)' providn that the union .h.1l guatlln­tee the work of the men but speciflel, In addition. that thoae workmen whose Iklll dOeR not meet the r equlremenh of both union nnd employer rnu ~ t ntlcnd evening elaue! until they have I hown luffielent improvement. Failure to Improve will r~ ·

lIu lt in upullion from the union or demo· tion to a lower daulncatlon of IIkill, of which three Ire recognlxed. A gTOUP of 125 <.!Iect rleianll and 186 hel peu have en· rolled in evening coursea lit the Boys' Tech. nicsl IIlgh School. and. large percentage of them attend three nlll"h1l per wel'k In. !!tead of the two nilJhh whkh .rl' prellcrlbed.

WORLD'S CREAT BEACON BURNS WITH UN ION AID (Contlnu~ from p'ge 75)

The rapid development of the aviation indul!try demanded beacon and I lgnsl Uabts of pOwerful intenlity. and It .as to the production of these lifl'hU th.t Dr. Sperr, was de .. otinll" his untirina efforts.

We are told that the lurfaco of the lun ;1 completely gaseous. Itl intrinlle hrllli· ancy I'reaUy exeHds 160 eandlepower per square milUm<.!ter; hence. it follows thlt ineandeacent I'alltll are capable of much higher intrinsic brilIIandu than Inean. de.!ICenl soUdl. There. II an excellent realOn for th l,. Gnel are translucent and light is derived from t heir depth II well al their lurface. The high Inttolity arc emplo~'ed in the Lindbergh Beacon II b.aed on thi l phenomenon. An ineandeacent b.n of vapor forms the IIl'ht souree and Is derived from two of the earth', rnet.l......eerium. a UTe ~teel I'UY metillie element. and lanthAnum, a rore dark lead grllY metallic clement. which lire incorporAted as II r elat[vcly 10tt core In the positive carbon of the lAmp. When • high current den.ity il forced th rough the carbon these rare metall are volnti ll&ed Ind projected Into a crater, formed at the tip of the carbon. For rea­sons of focus it ia necu .. ry to confine thil ball of incande-.:.ent vapor in a ve ry small are.. Thll ia aec::omplbhed th r ough the Iction of the negati .. e carbon •• hlch II 10 arranged that ila ftame 11Oeep. ICroli and eurtl • prellure on the vapor. thul com­preuing it and conftning It In the crater of the politive carbon. When. current of 250 amperel II (oreed through the arc It gi""1 out an int rlnak brilliancy of 800 randlepower per Iquare millimeter. Tn. creasing the current beyond 250 .mperea producea lueh a comprnWd !an 01 ... por a!l to render it opaque, thus Ihuttinl' out light from the depth and reducing the emitted brilliancy.

It I, InteruUng to note how clolely thll Sperry high Intensity arc. which h .. a the· oretical output of 2,000,000,000 beam can­dlepO .... er. .pprNchu the Intrinsic brll. lilncy of the lun. The Intrlnalc brilliancy of the lu n I, not more th.n 950 candle· power per Iqua re millimeter. The Intrin.lc !)rilJilincy lit the Arc I, 800 candlcpowcr

per .qu. re millimeter. The lurf.ce tem­perature of the l un II not more th.n e,ooo degren cen llrrade, while the temperature of the hllh Intenllty arc la 6,500 de..,._ centiar.de. They .re not only e10lely r.· lated a. regard m.gnltude, but their mech· anl.ma .re Identical.

No Ie .. Important than the IIl'ht louree il the reRedor that forml It into a beam. The lixe of the ftftcetor I. [mportant. a l this govern. the diameter and Ipread of the beam. and, in con .. quence. the beam candlcpowC'r. The beam rnay be regs rded 1.11 mado up of an inlln[ te number of raYI. e man.tlnl from the IIRht lource. The fu ne. tlon of the reHedor II to pther thele myriad raYI and luperlmpole them on each other to form I l olld lhaft of light.

Technol0l'), Explalncd

It mOoY At firat Appel r. from A eonaldera­tion of tho fill'ure. that II 36-inch mirror. with the I8me focal dlatunee al a 60.inl'h mirror. would give the same beam .pread. Ind enjoy the advant.jte of Imaller Ib~. Unfortunately, a 36-inch mir ror .... Ith the asme fo~al dldanee a. lhe 6{l_ln~h mirror shown. would be too .mlll to colle~t .11 of the rAYI emanating from the light. lind the beam c.ndlepower .. ould luffer through In .ctu.l 10 .. of Ih:ht. The larS"!r the mirror the Imaller the beam. For both lelrchllghta .nd beaconl prutice ha. u· tabli.hed the most efl'ecti'I'e combination to be a p.rabollc mirror. Subtendlnjt an anl'lC' of 120 degreea, a pOllllve crater with an angle of eml .. lon or 120 degreea and a reo Rector Ibe or 60 In~hu. I'i.inl" a b~am Ipre.d of approllimately on. decru.

Focus II mOlt Important. Unle .. the liKht lOu rce II placed at eautl)' the foul point of the mirror, distortion in the Iprud of the be.m. and eonal!quent deereale In light [nten,lty ruulh.

It il Importlnt. hOlOevll'r. to keep the re fleetor clean or free from Iil"bt ablorblnR materiall upelled from the rarbon.. Thill II .ccomplllhcd b)' the ule of a n air bilit directed over the rl!fleetlng lurf.eea. 10 AI to eontinuou,ly . weep them dean. The air billllt aho urvea to equalize the tempera. ture And thua protect ArliOlt fracture.

Some IdC'a of thl! enerKY denlity (lhtalned In thil b.1I of vllpor may be K.ined from a eon,lderatlon of the f.d that the pOWfr of 27 electric h(lnu hll bel!n eompreued Into a volunle n(l g reater than one-half Inch d ill lnetcr to give the Intense heat t h.t cau~n thl, light to hnve lIIeh tremendous brillinncy. It I, AI thouj(h the Inventive genlUI of Dr. SpefTY hal taken .. h.lf Inch of the lun'l lurlace and pl.ced it before a mirror [n constructing thll Lindberlf;h Beacon.

But let ua rl!turn to a pradiul ducrlp­tion of the equipment. The elect rlCl1 ap· paratul neee .. ary to the oper.tion of the beacon II housed in a control room, which II built on top of the Palmolin Bulldlnl[. Thll rectanRular cont rol room. which II eOD. trueled of IImellon. blocb, II 11 feet high, 20 feet wide and 70 fe~t long. Thll foom contallll the elev.tor machinery. the Iwitchboa rd , conlrol de .. lcel. a three-kilo· watt motor renerator let .nd • 30-k1]0101tt motor generator set.

Rlalnl' .bove the control room il a Itruc_ tural It<.!lll tower. encaled In aluminum. Thll I tructural frame il dniKlled to reallt • horiunlal wind foree, In any direction. of 40 pound, to eaeh Iquare toot of expolerl lu rface. an equivalent to a wind .. Ith a velodt), of 100 milea per hou r. The can_ It ruction of the ateel fram e hal required about 47 tOOl of atrueturll .teel. Th. tower. which II 85 fee t high, ClvCl the belcon light. total elev.tlon of 602 feet nbove the ,treet level.

The beacon proper la eil'ht fHt in diame· ler .nd made of cast aluminum. The So. Inch r elleetor II one of the llrS"!lt In tbe wor ld. Tn order to mlintlin the true focal pOlltlon the carbonI are fed in by mean" of a 111'1.11 feed moto r th.t I, controlled by a ~et of thermostatic lensel. These [eOlea are located 10 al to direct light throua:h a lilt when an off·foeul poaition eailll_ Beneath the Ilit a Itrip of thermo­It.UC metall II 10000ted. which deforml undC'r the temperature of the incident lil'ht Ind c10sn a conlact which energixu a coli enraging a ratchet drivC'n by the feed motor. When the positl.e carbon hilI reo lumed the proper po,itlon the feed motor II automatiul1y ahut off by the thermo· . tatic tOntrol. The negative carbon il een· trolled by the nrc voltag~. the norm.1 volt. age being 78 volls. A voltale contr ol coli goverlll the .ctlon or the feed mol(lr for the ncgAtive cllrbon. Thil coil tends to keep the voltal'e at 78 volts. Any var iA. tlon In "o]u.ge over thil coil operatu the feed motor and the negltive carbon is read. jUlted to i tl proper pOlltlon. The neg.' tive eubon II 12 inche. long. whilc the positive CArbon mensur~1 36 inchu In length. Th('I(' carbonI burn approximately one and one-hllf hOUri. On a dear nil'ht thll po .. erful beacon, which mIkes two rev· olution. per minut". h .. been effectively Uled a, a «uidl! hy aviltorl .t a distance of about 350 mllu from Chlc.go, or .p. proKimately the diltance between ChiCAgO and Cleveland. Ohio, It I vilibilit)' belne limited only by the curvature of the earth. A Itationary or directional beacon three feet in dIameter and illuminated .. ith a three·kilolOatt. 32-.. 0It inundelcent burner projecting a 3e·lnch beam of II.OOO.oro ClndlepOwC'r, I, mounted directly below the main beneon and tixed 10 I point in the direction of the Municipal Airport; thus .. h"n a vllilUnli\' airman file. over the bu. con he nn f(lilow the liKed beam to I laf" landinl' place. The COlt of the erection and malnt"nance of the beacon II borne by t he Colgate·Palmollve·Peet Company.

Somehow I like to think much cr edit il c()rnin.ll t(l the electricians upon whosl! I h()ulden relt the responsibili ty of keep· InK th[, bucon burning. Theu men real. Ite that thll lirht mUl t be kept burning from lun down to IlIn uP. in all kinds of weather; therefore. they ItO About perform­ing their duty In a modelt and unassuming mOonner. mOoking their regular trip! from the control room to the beacon.

The men travel 60 feet up the tower In In electric elevator. The rest of the jour· ney i. made by dimbing a ladder to a eat· w.lk .. hlch 'UfToundl the beacon high up in the .Ir. Upon thi, catwalk they work in the pl~ rcln&, wind, fog. ra in, and hlb· lards. The mototl mUlt b~ checked, c.r· b008 must be trimmed. Thue carboni .r. reached thr()uah a Illde door in the lower h.lf of the beacon. and through thi l door the eleetrldan enterl the beacon, which enablel him to make the carbon ehana:e al ra"ldly II p~ .. lble. The beacon is out 01 ler.ice only one minute during this car· bon change.

Every hour and one·halr thfCIul'houl the night theae tripI are made to the lampa until, .. ith the e(lming of the fainl light of the dawn far 011' in the ellt. the elec. tricinn on duty watche. from hil lofty perch in the Iky the nickering lights of the city below. alone by one they seem to dil8ppear from light. the hny rna .. "" of Iteel and I tone beneath him anume the definite out linea of modern building. and he knowl that morning time hI, arrived. He pull. the control Iwltehea and thl a mammoth Ruiding light of aviation fadn IIway for another day.

February. 1981 The JOU1"Iwt of Electriclll Workers and Operato1's 103

• • ... • • IN MEMORIAM I • • ••• • •

Herbert Wedekind, L. U. No. 110 11 Ie with II~p ~orrow tb~t we. the me'nbtu

or I,oul Union 1'0. no. InternMlonal lltother· ItOO(\ o r l:!leetrlenl Worke ..... mOurn tbe los. or Otl r t'Nleo:me(t B.othe., n erbert WedekInd.

II IB noblt' QUlllltlu, kindly splr!!. and bl, IOy8lty. w\ll .I~o bl! ...,membrr~d wltb I I~P ntre<:tlon by thu.~ wbll \..u~ ... him ~It; tbere· tore ~ It

lI('IIol.rd by l,oe,1 l'nlon 1'0. 110, St. P.ul. l I11ln .• Thut our mOlt beantelt .,.mp~lhy It", nlelule(1 10 Ihe w illow or our deputed 1I .. >lh .. r: ftnd I". II f"rrlwr

ltelol.l'd. Tltal ou r chllflU be dr. ped ror a perlo(1 of 30 tllIYI lind a eopy ot tbesl' telO' lullonl be lent to the he...,~ved widow o r tholl'er Wt tll'klnd, a ~OP" to Ihe omel.1 J o urnal fll' pU!.Jllcatloli anti a COPY .prcad upou Ihe tnlnlll~'" or L",,_I IJlliuu Nil. 110 or Ihe I nlernaUonil 1J'lIthe rh ood or 1':1~,rlell Wo r ke .... _

E I •. DUFF'\'. W1I,I.IA~1 I)()I.ASD, GUS .~ 1I11I~!\MAN.

Corumltt~.

---Pereiyal Kennedy. L. U . No. 1037

Whl',('fI I Ahnlllhty (;od In HII InRult .. wi.· dom hu II('I'n 1ft 10 rerun"e (rom Oor ttlld.t Brother !'erdul Kennedy; .nd

Wbere .. we, l ite hiI'm ben of l •. U. No. 1037, .1(>RII1' 10 I'xpreoil our deepl-tO( 1'('11"'( and l), n'l,alll,. 10 those be left 10 mourn biB 10 .. : he It

\((".Iolvl'l\ , Tllat In thla 'Olemn moml'nt WI' M'nd I COI'Y of Ilila tokett of eJlleem 10 bl. mOlh!' . and .I.t" •. a copy 10 our oMell1 Jour . nal and a COl'" be S(lte.Id on our mlnnll'S and Ib~1 our ~h .. teP b-Il tlrllped for a 1)<,.lod or 30 dn ....

n. O. IIlVINI'=, l' te1I8 SNoRI.r)'.

Frank Zaen.e., L U. No.8 Whe, uI l.oe.1 No_ 8, l. B. E. W .• b .. bft,,,

ca lle\1 upon to pay the laU tribute of retl\ll"':l to t he memo r ), o f ooe of ItB mOlt Worth), mUI~", Brotber Fra nt Zlenger, wbo d Ied J.nu .. )' 4, 193!.

Death with ttl Rlentle .. !tead b •••• ,In enlere,l t be Jlorlala ot Loca] Nil. 8 and aom· moned theN! one ot our C8teemetl .nd belo~ed Bro tbe .. 10 hi. elerOft I rewa rd .

Il rot her Irunt " .. ell~' blrked to hI, ull trom Ihe 1)1.I"e BOurn. from wbere no t .... eler enr reto.,,, 11 11 un,",11I811 cbllractH. hi, tin" Ind dee p a!rectlnn. h[a IIgbl-bl!ltrtNI anti C~n. e rou . nllurl' .... 111 e~e. rem.ln fte1lb In the melllor,. ot those wbo knew him beat. Wb~reu .. e ff'COKnl~e tbat 10 his UO I[n'l' l,.

IIkh'lI: .w~y, I,ocal No.8 h Ra 10Rt an eUeeme(1 anti worlh), m~lIllH!r. the m Ol her I ](lrln" an,l de'oted Mo n : Iherefore be It

Ruo]red, Thlt Locll l 1'0. 8 upreu IIUT /C real lorrll" It Ih~ IOB~ of our depul~d UrOlhc. Ind ute.,,1 our profound Iym pathy 10 Ihe IW' l'lvl'd mothr.: .nd he It t urlher nl!ilo I Y~d . Th.1 Ib~ ~lta'ie . or 1,00::.1 1'0. 8 I,,· dnolled In mournln.: fo r II perlo.l of 30 dan u ~ token of re,peet t o hlB memo r y, IID d Ibo t & CO py of Ih t'tle reBOlutloui be Bpread ul~' tit" "' Inutl'& o f Ihls IO~RI . "n,' • COI'Y he u r · nl"I> .. ,I 10 tI, .. moll'~r I\f Ihr dM'f'lIIl'd BrOlhrr

"uti abo D ('''II.Y he ~~" l !O the I n!ern~ttonll l om('t' to. tJltbll~.tlon In lhe ElectrIcal W orkH.

JACK ~'ISllIm . In'UIH'\('I' "·()J·:Tln'N. Wlt.LIAM 1. 1!l.f]' l',

COmmll!~,

..,-:-:-..,-:-:-­Albert Milb .... th, L. U. No. 195

Whcrena II h u b~n ~hl' wli1 ot Ahnh:h t1 ('lo ,1 ,n take from oU r ",Itlo l UrOlhc. Albert MllIlTIlth. for mluly yU Tft a true Ind InYll n.~tI1h"r or tl,e I n!ern8!10081 B.othe.hoo~1 of t:I('('lrlrAI Work(>r~, 8nd !.ocal UnIon No. 19:! hU 10lt " hlgb ly resJ)l'Cle!l member; lltere· fo ra b~ It

itl'&nlvetl. 'rhltl our chHrler be drnlled In mon'lIlnlt for ft fI~rlod ot 80 dltya. that I en l) . of Ih le N!lolutlon !.Je sent 10 1t18 her~."e;' hm lly. II 1'0111 til our I nternlltlonnl Jour",,1 fo r ,lUbllcntlon, In(1 D copy be 8prelld on lite minutes or lhl' ou r Inca] unloo.

EDW. G. WTONF.It . Ueeord lnl: Seer etary.

JOleph Sieine, L. U . No. 212 Ibolher Sleh,e wn loltlaled In I,oca] U"lolI

No. :!I:!, Au gllst 13, Illill; dIed I)w~",bt: r :! I, 1030.

WheN!u Altnll'hly Gotl, In 1118 1"l\nlle wi' dom. ItU 1'",,\(1,'('(1 f.om eUr I111d61 our WO'lhy llrOlber, Joa('pb Slelne. we extend 10 Ihe bf" reayetl tllmtly our docerQ ilyrnllftthy. ~n.1 eommend them to GOd for comfll.t In thrl . bou r of lurrow: In(1 U, .. refore be It

lI ('f1ohed, TIt"t OU' chllrter be duped tOf I ,,~. lo(1 \If 30 day, In hI~ ,"emory. a COl" of 11",>tC re~olutlons be IJt"nt 10 our lime 01 J otl rn a l. Dntl a ~opy be allfeld on Ihe ",Inutes of nur loeaL

J. OYSIN.

J o hn H llwley, L. U. No. 430 W" .. r~ae It haa fl]u.aed Aln,llI'iLty CIIII. 10

II I, lnnnite ,,·lldonl. t o take trom It. ou r .. ~lrettl~tI Iud ...... tllty Hro\l't., Jut", It." Icy; aod WhH~" In Ihe pl~sl nll of Brether n llwle,..

l iI'Jt'l' l'Alol! :-0 .• 3(,1, of thl' I nlern'tlonll IIrolhe.hnod of .;I""lrl~al ""orke ..... bu 10Sl ft trtt~ Ind faithful worker for Ibe ca"$9 of ottr Il'otberbood: and .

Wller"1 we exlNld 10 t he beN'I'e,1 ,,·hlo .. · '"d ('htJdr"n of our depllrted Brother 1111. "m· II.thy .",J .... ",J .. "'"rf". and commend Ih~m to Hod fo r con,fort In Ihelr hOllr of Rorrow; Ih ...... fo.e be It

R("olvcI! . That Onr chlrter be d.alM'll for R Ill'rlod of 30 day! In hili memory: and he It furt .....

1:,·!OOlvrd. 'I'hlt I ('(l1'Y ot !helK' rl'lnlutlon~ 10.. fo ...... tlrd 10 oU r depart ... ,1 1I.0the.'~ w[do"', I "lip.' s llrea.1 on Ibl' mlnul'" Rn~1 • NlPY lIf'nl to ou r omdal JOllrnal fnr IllIhtl"" lloII

W II.I.IA ~I I,. P~:T.~USON. n~ordln!: !leerrlll'y

R. C. Brown, L. U. No. 48 It II with tleclle8l so rrow .n.1 ~lCrel Ib_1

we, the memlH!r ft ot l ,oc.1 No. 48, of Ibe I . II E. W ., moorn Ihe pals[nK of our .... Iet'metl IIrollle •• n. C. llrown, whom Ihe Almhehty On,1. In li lt Innntte """dolO. hlllh IM'U nt 10 "I ll onlo IIlmll{>lf o n De<:f'ml.H>r 12, In.Vl : Ih"r"" fore bl' It

III'"o l.ed, Tb.t wc ex tend our hea rtfelt Iym· l>IIthy anti ~ond(llence \ 0 thO8\! ... ho r~ nlaln 10 moltr" bl, 10 .. : Ind be I. furt hl'r

It etlol .. ed, ThaI coplel of Ihll ruolntlon IH! "rnl to our omdll! .tourn.1 for pohtleallntt In,I 10 t1,~ be",ned re lallr", of lite ' 1~llM'd , Ind a ('(11'.1 "pf"t'Rd on tbe mInutes \If Iltl l ml'CllnK of 1,(11'1 1 No. 48. I. n. El. W. : Ind he II fu rthe r n~o"'''d, That thl. loeal u nion ~tand In

.1I.n~1 t or one ",I""le 10 re,pecl 10 thl' m~",' o r y lit !lrolher tlrown Ind the rhulf'r of th~ loell union bf dnped fo . ~ pe~lod of i\O d.y ••

WII ,L I AM n, nn U~T, ntF.D C. Rt: .U I . J. 11. I,AKEl,

Cornmltlft, ---,------,----,-,--

Jame. E. Walker, L. U. No. 39 WI'''N'ft" ('Itt I' .. orlhy Rroth"r •• h1l11'~ F..

W~lkl" . b~ 8 ntt~wl're(1 the flull ('all 10 Ih(' ...orltl b~.·on(1. f r o'" wbence noup rl' lu.n : tI'~rl'torc l,e It

R~"('I]Y('''. T I'At In 11t~ d l.'. lb CIf llrothr r Wnlk ... r w(' Ita"e lo"t " (0)'al mNII" .. r and II '" OUt dl'wlre 10 hOll"r hI", 111 ,I"HIt, M" w,' hnY~ 1t11'(1 10 110 In life fo . Ihl' ('fIUUI!I'OUJI. n!.;hl hI' m'l<le an,1 the torlllude ,1I~ll!n"NI ,Iurh!!.; hi. Ion I:' ttlneRs. !lnd we 11'''l'('forl' (' Ioth r hll' !!)emory In Ihe kindly m~ntle M rhMlty w hl r h ro .. l'r" all Ih lni!'K. knowh,i!' Lhnl th~ WOtltt 10 wltkh It", hll e KOnl' wHl he the hrl /l"h!1'r for his ('o mlnl': Itml Ihat Ih~ ", ... n",. v (It h ie tOil rUle (IIIrlnl': b[ . llfe (In urth makra U~ the IWlle r fo r Oltr contac t wltb hIm: Inti b!' II fttrl her

11".,,1,,·,1. 'f1,Jl.t I<A!1'~r~" In lAwful "~~~,«h] .• wr .'nn,1 for o n" n,ln"(e In l!1pnee a~ further I r ll'rl\~ 10 hI. tn~mo rr an.I IhH a COI'Y of Ih r.~ .,."oluUon~ be Hint 10 hl B whlnw, ft ('''1''' Mpreft(1 0" ott r tttlnnl ~. nnd It rop)' lent t n ou r orncla l Jourtt~1 to r PIII)lIc" llon,

Tin: COMMI'I''l'El~~ .

RESOLUTIO N In Memor ,. of He nry Wildber,e .

1I"~nlttllon 1(lopted Ill' :-ew Yorlt: lillte flulldtng TratlC8 COUIIcli .

Wbl.'.rea. OI.llIe P rovidence, In n [1 , r im but ",er~ltul cou rae, ha R re",ovetl from our mitiU our Brother lod ~o·worke r, Hen. y Wlldl.t-e'icr ; Ind

Where .. l1 ~nry WihllJe r ger, b)' hI" klndl)' .lI t IIO"WOn, untro r m eourteBY lind c"~'Crtu l . 01'111. ~Dtlell r ed hlmBel! 10 al l ""'0 were f<) r . til nate enough to know Mm: anti

WII('r<, ... In bIB de",lse we .~ftlile thftl lite N .... York State 811!1<1I"1: T.ollu <,:{I\lO~tI b81 11181 o ne ot It I ruost zealou" R'Hl d~voted memo bt rl, wbo up to lhe .-ery l .. t moment or Itl, tlte .... as round ball lin/!: for Ihe CIIUIC to wblch be tI~vol ed • 10111:. ~lrenllOU' Clree r ; now, tberefllre be It

ltelOlred . 'fblt tbe l'ew York Stili .. Bu11dl"" 1'r"des Countll, In COllvl'lIt lon nllembled , reo eo rd. It •• enlle of lou and 8err uW III the ulltlm~]y pusln!;" of Brotber WIl"betj(er. Inll Ibll the I'On(lolenee ef tI,la conyentlon bt u lentl~d to Ibt ber/lIv@d flmll)': a",1 hr It furlber

ltuOlyetl. That a l'Of,y of ,hese reeolutlotll be to r wartled to the Imlty U I tell"",ollllli o r the hI!:h .el(ard Ind esleem In wh\cb Brother WlIdlH!r«er wi. h~1d by tite ",~mbrrl of thll "!lilocl.Uon In(l tblt _Pice be tlet IItde In Ibe prOCt!flllng" 1If Ihls con ... llllol1 tor tbe rcioiotloni In Illylng (rlbuU' to the me luory ot olle 10 beloved.

EOW .... 1tD ACII~~ItI, .:\'. Stocreta ry, ~. Y. S. BuildIng T",d~~ Cuu .. dl.

L. Tolinr Hari.lo n, L . U. No. 1002 It I ... lIh heartfelt lorrow and tegrel thlt

... t. t be member. of 1.0<:" :'0. 1\Xl:!, Tol .. , Oklahoml, mOOrn Ibe 10BB ot ollr I:ood anti 10r.1 lfTower

J L. Tolh'er Harl.ten. "'ho I,aued

from our ml at !.J,. dro-wnlnK wbll~ I" Ine of ,Ioly. RIa friendship .nd loy.ltr \0 Ibe ll 'o!h~rbllOd wtll long be rem@mb<!ti(i b)' In ... 1>0 kllew him.

lIelOl'''d. 'I'hllt tile ("barler of I " II. ~o . 10000, IRE. W .. be dt.ped to. I perlo(1 o r 30 (IIY' In rCllpect 10 ou r d"vute ll flrOIMr: \Ie 1\ furlhH

lIeto lved. TbU "'e ~ .. nd a eol'r of I~" !'NOhltloll to llle tI .. partl'll \trOlber'. mlll"er. fUber, 1181er .nd brtlth,r aud uteml 10 hI. I II~ed onl'8 OUt ~I n<:ere ,ympatb1 In Ibel r hour ot lorrow: a]~o a O:OI)Y 10 lI(' ... nt 10 Ihe I nternlltional om('1' to. Ilubll('ft.t1l1n In ou r om~11 1 Journ.1.

WILI.IA!l.I M M"AN'r M. O. T. \\'000.\1,1" C. E. STOO l'S,

('o'uml ll ~~

Phil Edelman, L. U. No. 39 Whereu It b 80 decreed br lite BuJlreme

I'ower , whleh control8 tbe detttlny lit u ... n. Iha t our wortll.1 Brothe r. I'bll ~:<lel man, be remofttl trom our mld.t; Iheretortl bt It

tteRO h lllll. That In tbe p .. aloc of Urotbe. .:delru lo, Loc"l :'<0. 3D haa ]0. 1 • 101 .11 .nd el)lbullulle member , "'bo plleed I g~1t yaloe on hla membenhlp Ind "'ho wal a con· lelcntlou8 worker for the (litHe of or,,1I011l'.'<I I.bor: .nd be It horlbe r

ttt!lOl"ed, That tbougb wo rd. 1'0'1111 !.Jut llltle we Cln but IllY .U due tel lJect to hla memoty I nd hono r him rOt tb r noble n llhl be made "'llh de.th. t be conqoeror, In<l tbat In 1, .. fol a.lCmbl)' fo . lbe o:onllnu.n~ ot our !.JUline .. ... e plUll\! tor one mlnUle In . Uenee u tllrlh ~r r .... p~t to bl l memorr: Ind be II furthn

Uesohctl, That a eopy or theae felO llltlo na be lent to bll Widow. a copy I p read on our mlnote. Ind a eopy sent to oUr o tH clal Journll fo r publl~.t1on.

TIn} COMM ITTEEl.

Aloy,iul C. Holle, L. U. No. 209 It 1$ wllh dee p regrl't and lorrow Ih.t

I.oeal No. ~. I. B. Fl. W., .~or (11 Ihe p .... Ing Into tbe Great Beyond of OUt worthy lI.nt"er. Al0111uI C. n o lle; t he.efo,! he It

HC.o lved , Tbll oD . Rlncere ")'n'I'Pthy he el(· t ~nded to tbe ben"la .. ed fftmll y: anti be It tu rthe r

Iteftolvcd. Tbst I copy of the~e .elolutlona be lent to the f.rultr o r the ,It'('f!ued . IOd Iblt a COpy !.Je Ipread IIpnn our mln"t~ •• Ind ft copy be len t to the Wo r ker t o r publica' lIon: ftn d bl' It further

Ill!l'ohed. Tb ll t ou r ehlrtl'r be titD l!e(1 for a pe . lod of 30 daye, a n,l Ihat we. the nwmh-er. (>f I ,oelll 1\""0. 200. hehllr law(ully RnUl'tnbl~d, BtRnd In 8t1ence for one m\tlt,le In (urlher Irl!.Jute 10 hi s memory.

n . I~. WUII'f'T,E, C. Fl. I'A'I'I·mET .. E nWIN 11. I,AVY. ,

Commit tee.

104 The Journal 0/ Electrical Workers and Operators Fcbl'ltn1'lI. 1931

L. M. Can ll in, L . U. No. 784 It I , n' lth ch.'e llcn r~l:'rel Dnd lo r'II'" that

1 ,~al No. 1M, I. n. E. W" ~ord8 th~ paul"..: Into lhe OrCAt 111')'1>11,\ of our worlll)' Brolher, L . .\I . Cantl1".

!tetOI.ed. Thill our I lncer'! aymrnthy be ex­tCllded to tho bereaved '-mil)', an, tI,"t a copy or th[, n!'ioiutlon be III'nl to the family or the d~ .. ed. antI thM • eopy be spreatl on "lI' minute., a lao \I!U II eopy be DeDI to the Workcr to. puhllcatlon 8nd IhM Ollr cbartH be draped In mnurnlni tor II period of 30 day •.

W . T., ~'. J. n . I~.

" .... Rnl~Ox. LANCASTEfl. COUJ!TOTT.

CommIU ......

Samu el Shepard, L. U. No. 9

Wh~""II' Ahu1a'hty Go.l, In nl. Innnhe "'I~ dom. I,IS 'clllo'fed from onr mld'l Ollr wortb)' IIrolher and formtr omeer of our loeal. Samn~1 Shepard; .nd

Where'll In Ihl" lI1'ath ot Brother Shepard l,oeI l Cnlon No. U. or Ihe I nternlllonal 8roth. erhooll of ~:I e.::t rlel. Workers. hu lost On~ of It I true Inll lIe .. ot~d membel'll: be It tht'r'(!(or~

Jl e~o.~ed. Thlt Loelt ITnlon No.9 re.eognl«ll III "N'lt lou In the ple~lnl or Brother Shep· ard Ind beN'by exPN'_ Ie !treat a"preele· Uon of bll st'nl,," to Ihe t'IUM ot our Broth_ erhood: and be II tUrlher

I{t'Bohed, That l..ora. Un'on No. II tendt'1'tI UI Ilnc.'l!re I),nlpllihy to the rlmliy or our good Brother In t1u~Jr time of great bert'avement : and be It 'u.lber

Jlesol .. etl. That a ~op,- of thew tuolutiona be aent to the '.mlly ot ou r lue Brothe r. • eopy he IP,,"" nn IIII' mlnuI" of our I,oeal Union No fl. .nd a ~opy be lent 10 Ihe om('!al .Jollrnlll ot our BrOlherhood fur flobn",allon

IIALPFI nnF,lnIA;\" . PAN MANNIN/";. HAIIRY SLATER,

COmmIItH. ----

Will iam P owell, L . U . N o. 9

Where .. It hit plr"ed Almlll'hty God. In HII Inllnltt WIRdotn. 10 lake from among UI our eeleeml'd and ,,·orthy Brother. W Wiam Powell: a",1

Whl'1't .. l.oeal !;nlon No. II. of the Inter· n.tlonll Brotherbood ot El~trlc.1 'Vorke ... h .. lo.t In the death of Brother Powell ODe of Itl /tood meml)(>fI: theretore be It

Itelol"f'dl

That Loeal Union No. II hereby e:rptK18 tl .ppreclltlon ot tb~ I!('fTlees to our nuse tit ou r du·ote<l Brother Ind OUr lorrow In thf' kno"·lcd,e of h'. pl881ng: and be It further

RHol .. ed, Thlt Loell Union No.9 (enller. Ita 8)'mpathy to the hmlly of Brother P OOl"eli In thfOlr tim" of IIO tto_: .nd be It further

ltellOlftd, That I <:'np, of th_ ..... olutlon. l~ lenl to Ihe "mlly ot ou r late Brother, • <et!py bl" IprKII on Ihe mlnutetl of ou r ~I Tlnlon 1"0. II, .nd I copy he sent to the omelll Journal of (lor IIr(ltherhood fo r poblleltloo.

RAT,PH BRF:EUUN, !UlMQE[, r.uy. nABRY SLATER.

Comm1lt~.

J ohn V. n Huesden , L . U . N o. 102

Whf'reU t1.~ m~mbl'rI of LOCI ' Union ~o. 100. I . II. E. W., .lnCf'rely lind deeply rell'ret the unllml'l .. dellh of our I"".o~ed In,1 u· leemed llroll'l"r, Jnhn Van n uesdcn; theJ'f'­tore bl" It R~lrW. That we Ulend our ' Incere 8ym·

pIthy and condol~nCf' 10 hi. berea,·ed ... Ife and 1'I"IIIIIvel!l In th~lr hOllr ot lorro ... : and be It fllrlher

lIuoh·NI. Thill (,lit "hull'r he drllped In mourning for I perl('H! or 30 dll'·S: that" !'Opy of Ihne talol~lllon. be \M' nt to Yrl. Van Rue. · den. II copy 10 th~ nmelal ,TOII,1I81. and /I COPT ~prea(1 on Ihl' mlnUlel! of L()Cal Union No. Ill:!. t. n. l:. W.

JOn nRAEN, FlDUAIlD L. BAI,[,. nOBIll UT B. KENNEDY.

CommIttee. ----J.mes G. L yon" L. U . No. 561

'\'he ..... /I. II h .. "I~uell .Alml,ll"hlY ro od. In nl . InOnl1~ wl,dom I" CIIII from OUT midst Brnther J a",,,,, O. I,yonl: Ind

WheN''' . WI' humhly bow "ur henda In 911b. minion to H ie ... HI ... e deeply mOurn the pUlling awav of lueh a trne IIntl loyal memo ber 0' I."c~l UnIon No. ~I ; therl't"'e be It

RcsolfCd, T hRI WC. DS ~ union In Brotherh· 10fe pay trn)lIl~ 10 bI" memory by e"pre!s'nj;,. our d~pUI 8:vmpnl"y 10 hl8 rclntlfrs nnd

frIends I" lloa hour or their SAd bcrea,·ement; and be It furl her

Itc~ul .. ed . 'l'hRt Ollr ch.rler be il,aped tor a per lud or 30 dM)" ant! a cop,- "f Ihue 1'tlIo· lutlone he TlCnt to the Inlernallon"t Olll('f! to be publlshl'd III ou r om~IAI JOU.nAl.

C.OA I,I,AOlmn. ltM!ordJng S!'C,elary.

Charle. F. Klo., L. U. No. 185 Whe re,.. Ihe Almighty God rPAebell down

snd look from UR .. ery IUildenly Our d~ar Urolher. ('ha r.e • • '. Klo,: and

Whel't'ns the f,lthful dllCh.rJ:~ ot hli dutll"! In our IJrothethood mltkCl It elsentlal Inll beftUlnl: that Wt ~how (lur dMp appr~lallon of blm. UrOlher "'01 "'II a hlthf", member of Loeal No. l&i, ftlwa),a uTlCd ullllring elrorl. ror the beUHlnl: ot Ible l(II'a. I"d all man· kind IUd he wil l not onty be n"RlIe(l by Ihe membe,.. ot Ihla l()Cal and Ihe be'Cllved family. but will be mournNI hy the many friend. that he bid n.ade whert'ver he w~nl.

lIuotved, Tbat the m~nlberl 0' thl, loeal atand with bo_d hudl In Illent prayer for one minute Ind our charter wUl be lIuped for I period of 30 daYI In hla ,nemO,!.

Rellolnd. thllt I COp! ot thHl' 1'tfIU ullonl be Iprea d upon onr m nUIU Ind. copy be seol to our omclll .Journal for publlcatloo.

RAY lJou nr.· . ROI .. : nT t;. ntlt:o, 11. J. II AS"' P.

Com milt ....... ---

W . lte r E. 5pe na e men, L. U. No. 2 I t h ... llh deep l't'!I'ret and lorro", thftl l.oell

No.2. I . B. E. W., N'/I'I'I"" Ihe pa .. lnjt ot Ilrothe r WIlier E. Spenll'~n"n InlO the Great Beyond: therefore be It

RCfI(Ilred , That I eor)' ot I hetH! re~n l nll"n9 be lent 10 tbe Journ. of ~~ ll'etrl~.1 Workeu .nd OperstOTI for publlc.tloo: Ind be II furthe r

Reloh·ed. That our chitter he drap"d for • period ot 30 Ila,.. In hi. memor,..

lAM~:ll "F.NNF.!'.S~:Y. SID1'U;Y WEISE. JnllN II~:AJ)\".

COlllmltll'l'_

J e rry C . Faull', L . U . N o. 340

Whereu .Alml,rhl,. God, In Ills ."preme ... I,dom h" .l'en III to remo"~ frnm our midst our wor thy Tlrolher, Jerry C. Wallx: .nd

WheNU It II with d~p BOr,O ... thlt tbe members of l,oeil Union r."o. MO. Inlern.· tlon,,1 Brothcrbood ot ~:ll'Ctrlc.1 Worken mOUrn his pusln.: theretore be It

RI!IJ(II.-ed, Ths' we, tI.e memb~ .. of T.ocRI UnIon No. 340, ulend our IIncert and btart· fe.t ,,-mpllhy to tholo ... ho remain 10 mourn hi" pI"lng; .nd be Lt tUrlher

Retlolvt d , Tbat our tbarle r be dTlJlCil for • period of 30 day. and Ihal a cOP, ot Iheao. reBOlutioM I~ lent to Ihe flmlly or oor lIte Brother F.o" .ud • <:oPY be I!('nt to Ollr oJ'J!· cla l .Journll. to r pu!)IJI'lIlon and I tOpy .pread "pon III I' ",llllltel ot I,oea! Union No. 340. I . B. fl. W.

I .. A. "Ot,E~l!TF. I N. I'Rgn .JOHNSON, O. II . JONt:S,

Com mIllet.

J oseph T. Gri bben, L. U. No. 28 Wheron II hili! ple .. ed the A.mlghty COil

In HI, Innnile ,,·Isdnm 10 , emo .. e from thlB ea rly IpheN'! our e.leemed friend aud ... Otlhy Il rother, J o.~ph T. Grth""n: and

Whl'reu WI". till' m~III"l'n of Lntll Union 1"0. 28. I. B. ~,. W .. fl'el d!'eply the 1088 or a reDI trlen" '"" t.lle BrOlher: till"tcf01'l" be It

lIeB01~ed. Thftl " eoPl' nf tI,el" ...... 0Illllon8 be II@n l 10 Ih ~ be"",.vl'd famil)" and n COpy B~nt to our offielal Journal for I)"bllcatlon ; Bnd be It furlber

n"'loh·ed. Tha t ft cnpy or Ih('l!e relolutlons be spread on Ollr mlnllll'~. In,1 Ou r chartt'r be (I raped fOt I pcrlod of :10 dnys.

CIIA ltI,F,lI K MOO";ElY. C{,IWI'ON ('. nAI l!" ll .An ny COIJ I·;N,

Committee. ----

To me it leems u ]( when God conceived the world, thnt wu p()(ltry: He fo r med it, and that wns 8<':ul ptu\"(l: ,, ~ varied and col­ored it. and t hnt was Jlalnting: Rnd then, trowninlC nIl. lie J)eopled It with Hving beings, lilld that wu the )l;tllnd divine. eter­nnl dra",a.-Charlolle Cushman.

DEATH CLA IMS PAID FROM JANU_ ARY 1 TO JANUARY 3 1, 193 1, INC.

L.L. Name Amount r. O. E. N. FraleIgh $1,0011.00 110 H . Wedekind ... 1,000.00

9 J. E. Ryan ...... _ 1,000.00 39 J. E. W.lker .. _ 1,000.00

135 T. E. 5tra"a_. 1,000.00 39 P. H. Edelman 1,000.00 67 J. L Laughlin_ 1,000.00

,<0 J. C. Fllu"._._ .. _ 1,000.00

" H. C.rpenter .. __ 1,000.00 5" William Gerard. 1,000.00 361 E. B. Shreve __ 1,000.00

'I Jerry Colt~r._ 1,000.00

'" c. E. Billingsle. 1,000.00 3 M. Karhan._. __ . __ 1,000.00

134 J. Schneller ___ ...... _. 1.000.00 I. O. E. o. Corpening 1,000.00 5" A. G. Jon eson __ . 1,000.00 1" R. J . lIIcDonald_ 1.000.00 36 w. c. IIowlrd ._ 1,000.00

103 G. F. Fiebran:, .. _. 1,000.00 , Frink Zaenger 1,000.00 10~ John Van I1eusden 1,000.00 , J. D. Hail e ___ 850.00 13< A. A. H. II. __ .. I,OOO.OIl 103 U. F. Dow. __ ._., 1,000.00 53' A. Allilon ...... __ 1,000.00 134 E. R. Lauer. __ . 1,000.00 103 w. F. Garvey_ .... 300.00 195 A. Milbrath _., 1,000.00 269 Rob~rt Bauman __ 1,000.00 18 F. X. Sindllr._ .. 300.00

13< J. J. Cierdcn •.. _ ... 1,000.00 40 B. F. Turner .. __ 1,000.00

1. O. c. RolHnge, ... __ 1,1100.00 11)< A. J . Kenney ... 1,000.00

" JDS. O. Smith .. _ 1,000.00 , A. Marka_._ 1.000.00 26 c. J. Seger ,_._ 1,000.00

Total CI.ima paid from J.nu-.,y I to Jlnuary 31, 1931 $36,250.00

Tot.1 Claim, previously paid $2,169,686.10

Total Claims paid. _. ___ ._ $2,205,936.10

All City Dwellers Should Learn First Aid

Educ.tion.l pollciea by wh ich all cltlzen~ or tities would be trained In tint lid and in the handllng of Iccident eases •• one meana ot comb.tlng the ever -Increasing toll of denth by traffic .ccldenta wcre u"rglld in recent newsplper interview. In London by Sir Artbur Stanley, h('ld of the Council of Ihe British Red Cron Soeiety, and by C.pt. A. N. Cahuuc, chief aecretary of the St. John Ambul.n~e AllOClation. MRny victims of elr ...... t aCCIdents Ite atill further injured and not Infrequently killed, Sir Arthur atited, by Ignorant attempt. of by.tandeu to render aid before the ambulanu surgeon or other akilled penon reathu the lICene. In general. he urged, tho vletlm ot .n acd· dent should be left alone ucept perhapi to place II. low pillow under hi, hcad or cover· ings of coat! Or other mlt~rlnla over the hody IlS all sid to wnrmth. D1eedlng should be stopped, when necenary, by preuure 011 the bleeding plITt either by the hRnd, Or by 1\ tourniquet. Almoat never II it safe to move the victim by lifting or dragging the bedy until In expert examination hIlS been made. Such lifting of an accident vittim often results. the Brililh ~xp~rh believe, in rurther serious injuries, capeelally In CII ~eM ot fractured bone,. VirtuIIl1y nil employeu of railway companiea, atreet Cllr companie, snd similar organi:tntions now 1Ir0 trained in first Rid. ('apt.in C.husnc pointed nul, u a part of thei r employment. LOlldon po_ licemen are similarly trnined.

F ebr uary, 1991 The Journal 0/ Elect rical Workers and Opcratol's

"ENDORSED I I

•

The populnr idea of t he day is to secure "endorsements" of some kind or other ,

if a fi rm desires to sell its prod ucts. It becomes n source of wonder just how much it

means to the individual if a famous actress, 8pol'tsman or di plomat endorses any

particular li ne. W ould YOU buy something because it was Uhighly endorsed" by t he

well-known So-and-So, or because it was what you needed a t the beat price obtainable?

Our fil es conta in volun tary endorsements that do not carry names of fam ous folk.

bu t we ve nture to say there is something vita l in each one that rea ches home. For

insta nce, t hi s one:

"Enclolled you will find check to cover payments

or three policies.

" J was compelled to borrow the money in order

to pay the premiums, but would rather Imy the pl'emium a nd hnve the Ill'otuction t ilan to be in the

predicament that I was co mpelled to \.H.' II wit ness of:

" I attended the funernl or a 7-y<,ar-old boy, whOle little body wa:!! crushed unde r a truck. Hill fa ther

i!ol a member of the J. B. E. W. Unfortunately, the

boy was not illlured , and his rather is unemJIJoyed.

It was a very trying situalion."

One of the pathetic little tragedies thllt happen eve ry day--only new to us when

it 's our neighbor next door. OBEY THAT IMPULSE NOW-send in the applicat ion on

t he reverse s ide of the page TODAY. We'll send addi tio na l appl ications for the rest of

t he famil y on request .

105

106 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Opel'atOl'8

APPLlCA TION FOR INSURANCE

ELECTRICAL WORKERS' FAMILY POLICY UN ION COO PERA TI VE INSU RANCE ASSOCIATION,

Wallhington. n. C,

F'cbr'uary, 1931

I eertify that t am the ....... _ ... .................. _ (lI ve ~1.tloMhl l)1

of ........ __ .................. __ .................................... __ ......... _ .......... a member

of the International Brotherhood of E lectrical Workers, Local Union No ..... "' and I he reby apply for ................... __

unitl or $, .•••••• for !lame.

.......... .life inlurance, and will pay $ ........ . each .. O'''r , ba l r.)"u . , '1IIa r h" or monlh)

I certify that have no impai rment in my health or ph)'$icai condition, a nd have no deformity, except

............................ ·iil i~i.·~··~-;;;:· ~~';;;>I lonl)

Dato of Bi rth., ..... Occupation Race

Birthplace ........... . . ..... _ ... Sex

Bene ficiary ... .. . .. . Relationship ffluloo@blp of 1>('",011 10 "'b",,, In." . lnl'l' 1110 h(' I>ald II ,.ou r dl'a l b)

Addreu of lleneOd nry

M)' name is., (I'rlnt ,.ou r Pl me I n rull not hlllil l •. If "'Ir r led UI'!! 0 .... 0 D.m~. In("11 II "Ueltn Sn.llb'· ."d "ot b" .ban,I'. n.",e, ..

" llN. J lm~ .. Slmltll")

My address is

Date .. (SIII"".t" . .. In fu ll )

QU E STIONS R E LOW TO BE ANSWERED IF APPLI CANT IS A MINO R

1, )o~lIther of Child, Full Name Birthplace

Birth Dille Occupation

2. Mother of Child. Full Name Birthplace

Birth Date Occupat ion 3, Premiums will be ludd by :

Name

Addreu

, .. , .......... . (NIKII 'ture or !'lI reU I ... Guardia,,)

(Tbl! l ' nlon ('oo l~ rally. l "I" rt ll('f' ,hHIClatlon ... ,.,. n r_ Ih .. r hl bl 10 ",JCCt ''''- . ,".11 .... "1 fo r Ibl, I n. n •• nl'l' fo r . oy CI "1Ie .... b.tnf. Illd 111 Ulle or N:'Jl'<'t1011 .... 111 . NU. II 10 Ibe 1.,pl1cl ol Ihe f ull .mount o r Ihe 11, ,.1111'01 fo . .... ,dl'1l . ·tt ll Ibl l ".pllcatlon. Th" I nlunne.. w ill ~omf effeelh'e ou da lll Luued "1 I II" Uu Lo lI Coopel'1l ll ve IIIBll unee Auuel. t hlll a t It, H ome Otllce I" \\"lIb ll' IrIOIl . D, C. )

NOTE : Aae limit. , 1 to 50 ye. r.. I .. ue d in uni .. o f $250,00. Limit o f inl u •• nc:e for .ny One perlon : Aau 1.5, in c: IUlive-$250,OO. Agel 6 ·50, inc:lu. iv_$500.00.

COli per unit , If p.id anou.lly, $3.60; Se mi •• nnually, $1.80; QU. rterl,., 90 c:enta ; Monthly, 30 c:e ntl Or "Penny. O.y."

Rec:eipt. iu ued for premium p.,.mentl will Ihow date ne llt payment i. due. No .ddition.1 premium notice. will b. le nt.

M.ke Chec:kl P.y.ble t o I NTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD of ELECTRICAL WORKERS

G. M. BUKni.ut

and Send wilh Applic:.tion to Intern.tion.1 Brotherhood of E leelr;c:.1 Worke,., W .lbin,ton, D . C.

CPanoltr G"",,, PoIl~Appll .. tI"" coa,-.1,tll. IIU. I . R, al ... )

F'ebrual'Y, 1981 The Journal of Electrical Worken and Operators 107

MR. GIFFORD'S NOBLE PRIN CIPLES ARE E XAMIN ED

(CooUoul!d trom page 61)

scienee working o ... ertime. What pouible need would the worken in an enterprile ao m.naged h .... e of trade union protec­tion! Ita chief interelt, however, to tbose of UI who h.ve lome knowled~ of tele­phone employee relationihipi il that it pre­aents .n utterly f."e picture of telephone perfOlrm.nee in that field:

'''fhe dOlctrine of lainn-faire which was in ... ogue wben this cOluntry began ill inde· pendent career .nd fOlr m.ny yearl art!'r il at ill adhered tOl in principle hy m.ny peOlP'e in businen," Mr. GllI'Olrd .ueverll .... , "In eSlence "'.1 th.t the gre.te.t good to the great .... t number II attained by .dding tOl· gether the ~reatut good which euh indi_ vidual could .chieve for him",lf. It was an extremely Individualistic doctrine, Co­incident with the organization of big bUlli­neu has come the belief that extreme in­dividu.lism mnt be tempered with a re­gard for social consequencel, In IOlme CllIes big bUlinenes have not gatbered thll new conception for themaelv .... aa rapidly •• the public accepted It for them. But the proc_ eas has gone on very r.pldly. The adjust­ment of big bUline .. to democracy, 10 that It works smoothly, dllelentl)-, and to the end of widespre.d prosperity, givell ample acope to the energi .... and abilities of our people. We could greaUy increlSe our pros_ perity and atllbi1i~e it, if we m.de but luch reasonable .trid .... al we ought to expect in thia field of human relations_ It la per­hapa a mor.l and ethical field, yet results in it are as lurely tran.latable Into econo­mle progress ee .re the discoveriet of pure acience."

The telephone policy is more vicious by far then the mcre negation of laisan. faire. It is, ee everyone knows, an active, a"rel­.ive, inexoral.>1e one of reprelllve, hOltile union'lmaahlng-a I",der-corruptlng, IPY­malntnining organiam under which no gen­uine, democratic aell-elprus;on of its 5-00,-000 employeu can J'Olulbly exist. This II not heanay or opinion or prejudice. Our organization hlltory la replete wIth proof of thue assertiona nnd .ince for the time beIng we appear tOl be compelled to accept the bitter role of serh of the triple monOPOlly, it might become ua to keep quiet .bout it if this .nti·humanllll in.titution did not Indlt on p.rading itself a, teacher, exponent .nd prophet of • noble so~ial econOlmy.

SWHt Word_Slrong_;\ rm f'rlctlcq

Read thl •• nd .eep if you happen to be one of the thousand. of operatOrl thrown out of the telephone .ervice in the last fe... yean becaule of the .utom.tic .y._ tem. Without dismiual wace, without • 1I0.ance for the Indisputable daim on pension .nd dlsablllt), fundi withheld from wagel, cut off .ctu.lly from ali opportunity to earn a li'O'lng at their tr.de--lhi. I, cur· rent telephone pr.ctice in the Held of tech_ nological unemployment. Contrast thla pol_ Icy with the public a'O'o .... 1 of Mr. Gill'ord:

"In the days of I.inft.faire, if • new procna thre ... people out of work, th.,y were merely the vlctlma Olf proveSl. At present this procesl II called technological "nemployment .nd there la an incfeeeing diapolition on the pnrt Olf the public tOl exped industry to m.ke these tran.llion 15 en6Y on the individu.lI concerned as poulble, u well na to Improve the pro(e!SU of industry 118 a whole-and buaine .. ac­cepts thia r .... ponslbillty. Readjultment ia the price of progreu. Of eourae, with a civilization whlcb Involvel Intricate ma­chinery and Interdependent relationhips,

the ruult of given tendencies Is not alway. obvious until too late to prevent .ome tem. porary hardabip on the p.rt of !maU groups of our population. By and I.rge, however, the hazarda of readjustment are .voldable, Such stombling 8! we may witnell .Iong the ro.d of progress ... 111 be due not to act~ of God, but to the failure of man.

"It is bC't'oming more and more generally recognized that business ha. a di,Unct re­sponllibility in providing that the economk readjll~tments dem.nded b)' industrial progren are ell'eded ... ith the greateet pol_ ,ible ease. Readjustment .hOluld not be aUow"d to I\'ener.te maladjustment."

The Telephon" Comp.ny chief beUcvee in a "democr.tic conception of prosperity". "Our modern conception Is that .,,,U-bein!\': .5 well as jl:o"ernment Ihall be of, for .nd by th~ people. Prosperity for th" multi_ tude cannol be based on Olne man', taking riches from nnoth"r. Riche.a for the few at the expenae of th" m.ny is always In danger of eHack from within .nd without our national boundaries • • • prosper­ity of th" few don not unite the enerl1:Y, resou rcefulness and .mbition . o f the mul. titude to ila support .nd enl.rgem"nl."

These and similar phrasee .nd ideas weave their golden thread. Ihroul\':h the fabric of Mr. Gifford's dis~ourae.

nard Wage Flcll

Let's look at the case histories and Ie" how these telephone thenrie. square with tel~phone facts on this timely topic of lipreading prosperity • little thinner.

I'll UBe the oper.tore to prove my point th.t prosperity for telephone worker. has atood still during the last 10 yean, mOlt of which time Mr. Gifford haa been incum­bent u president. The operatore cOlnatitute the largest single group of employees In the telephone service, numbering weU up to 250,000 in the early yeara of the d~ade, with 150,000 or 10 employed by Bell at present.

The wage staU,tin which follow apply spedflcally to the New Engl"nd Telephone Company. I worked tor thi. company lor 12 year!: I know ill wage hlatory InU­mately; it operates in the richest field of telephone revenue in the country, 10 here if anywhere the "prOllperity fOlr the multi­tude" ide. Qught to work. I'J! prove lome­thing else witb tbeee figures-that one factor end one factor .Ione level. tele. phone wages upward-not :,\Ir. Gill'ord'i nohle ... ord_not the benevolent trultee­ship of the Bell monopoly-not the Ameri_ e.n conception of democracy in proaperity -but trade union organizatiOln. Let uS depart from phr", ... Ind t,,11 the story in facts, the hard, cold, inexorable testimOlny of pay en ... elope re.ulta under oflt'.ni~ation .nd then 'IInder company nurtu~ and benevolence .

It ia nearly 20 yean lince the union idea took anything like permanent root in the telephone Industry. It h.ppens rather conveni"nlly fOlr the purpole of our tb""i. that the first 10 years or so of th.t period marked. ateady, prOlP'essive, com· petent growtb in trade union po ... er_ The accond d..,ade hIlS been for the entire tele­phone indultry 10 yean of dilo,.aniution, of "emplOlyee representation," of comp.ny unionism of one kind or another. Let u. disregard altogether the dark d.YI of pre. unionism, forget the $6 and $7 a ... eek "'Dge, the nlne·and.one·half·hour day, the unpaid overtime, the uncompenlated Sund.y and holiday work. The present generation 01 operDtou know. them not except ... the babbling of the .uperannu.ted. So let those of us who know them only tOlo well relegate them to !lome forgotten Itorehouu

of OUr memory and recall them only when safely lurrounded by Olur contemporaries. But then let ua not dare fOf&'et that· they e:.:Ilted 81 working commonpl.~ ef the telephone business until the bright d.wn of unionilm .nnihilated their dark mediaev.1ilm.

Rapid Wage lnc reaH1l

Our conrern now is wb.t bappened to wqea particularly, since that ill the most .icnltlcent b.rometer of wage earne,,' progTesa, during the years of union power, .nd con"",,.,,.ly the pay-envelope picture during the decade of comp.ny domination. We began in 1912 with .n .ppro:lim.te wace of seven dol!an a week, to u.e the flg'IIr ... arrecting the largut number 01 individuala. The """"age length of service for oper.tora at that time was about four yean_ A four-year operatllr'l wage ..... seven dollar.. The few HI-year veterans got $10 a week, and tbe supervisor. got $12. The nut Incre8le in wages under tho union rabed these four-ye.r $7 girll to $10 a week. This result was achicved by the double expedient of securing a wage in_ creue and by standardi~ing the wage !c.le -raise. being based on length of ,ervice rnther tban office politics and fnvoriti .m. The ne:lt step under union negotiation brought the maximum operatou' wage tOl $14 in 1914. In 1916 the union made $16 the high operlltors' wage; in 1919 it went to $22 for live and one-half )-ears' service-­a wage increase during eight year. of 120 p~r cent on the ma:limum .... ge, a reduc_ tion in the period necellsary to reach the maximum of four and one-h.1r years, or almOlt 6(1 per cent.

Every one of the5e wage increasu W88 a general, cumulative extension of earning power, everyone of them wu secured hy the direct initiatiVe and diligence of the unlon_ Although the COlmpany fiercely con­telted each and every wage demand of the union, all these henefits were 5ecured ... ith_ Out .trike except in the 1919 instance when the BurlHon government control regime made a strike necessary.

}~verybody knows tbat the unions IQlt their grip on the situlltion {rom 1920 on for cauae. whid do not bear upon thia particular ubjpet. Since about that year, therefore, wage increuu have been de. pendent upon company generos ity and goodwill. Wh.c.t happened! Not one gen­er.l increase in w.ges .ffecting every oper. ator on the p.yroll. Eloquent indidment of the w.ge policy 01 the tel~phone com­pany when unh.mpered by union control. Ten ye.n without • wage lift-but "" ... _ era! very lucr.tive rate lifts. Did .nybody get a ralae! Yes, the to-year girl. got III "merit" raise of $1 in 1927, and in t930 the eicht·year girls got a dollar similarly dellgnated. Ten yean of unionism pro­duced ralsel of 120 per rent .nd reduction of the maJIimum p4:'riod of over 50 per cenl. Ten ye.rs of non-unionilm or weak unionilm produced incre.lIe!! of 10 per cent and an Increase in the m.ximum period of 60 per cent. And please do not fan to note the return of the insidioul if eapho­niltic "merit" raise system.

This, then, ia the road to plenty for the ... orken in • prosperOlus enterpriae, New inventionl or the perfection of old devlees have reduced telephone labor costa enormously in the last 10 yeau. Operator productivity has certainly doubled as a result of progre!! in the art 01 telephony In that period. But prosperity tran,lated into the oper.tor'. pay envelope me.n. a wage of $24 • week after eight ye.r. of Bervice_ She begina at '11 or $12 • week and plod. her long and weary eight-yea r

108 • The ':ournal of Electrical Workers and OperCttors February, 1991

pull to that $24 lumm it, .oothed and beart. ened by Mr. Gilford', well.exploited bell\!f thllt matuial well-being belonlrl' to lhe mullitude rather than Ihe Cew. AI prevl. o",ly Itllted in thiB arlicle, liT. Gifford'. ulnTY is $200,000 1\ year.

No Wlilge increllees

The drnmntic fnilure or lhe telephone com pliny in the field of Industria! re l "tlon~ liell not in these wnge IIC hcduJes, niggnrdly though they be-not in its iniquitous and universal spy syUem, not In the initiativo­niUing torpor of It. company unionllnl, tor these aTC the essential by·product! of Its anti_union policy. We may plead for union. ism for our enda and our purpose~, for the industry ill ours lUI well •• theirs, we who have put our working lives into it. We leek, of coune, the natural and prnctleall)' inevitable ru'\lltt of unionism in the way of better wagea and better material reo turns. But we would under a rational and enlightened Inbor policy give aa well as take. This ia tho major crime of the tole. phone industry against ih workers-thoer wanton wauage of the Invaluable resource! which lie in its 600,000 penonnel. It could If it would ratao tho furtive, stool-pigeon, Ipy-ridden psychology of its underpaid a rmy to the contlructivo dignity ot part­neuhip and co_oporative effort for tho good of the industry as a whole. The moral valuu involved lor the worken are obvi. oUl: for management and public, too, unionism would pay Ih way in the in­tangible aSBell of good bith, honeaty, g~n' uine progreu. Unionism would raise up the "no men" of charactt'r, or inteJll&"cnce in which this indUitry atands, too, in nch dire need.

Mr. Gilford'i high'lounding principle', paraded before iii gullible public. ehmg emptily in the light of thia labor reeord.

TRADE UN ION TRAINING IN PH I LADELPHIA

(C(llltlnuNI from pllge 72)

p(lnsion [rom w(lrk for each absollce or Inte· neu, accompanied by the thr(le-strike clause. International Vicl! PreRident Klote.r, lind Bu,lnus Manager l..o(tus, h"ndle "II otT~nd­en with only oulltanding cases going to the e,lC(>Cutive board. ThIR, in my opinion. is the luperior method. As each case is dl!eldcd upon, the app~ntice 11 furni~hed with a pap"r to bee aho .... n. the follnwing Saturday, to thl" teaehfra of the daUf!s missed. This paper il marked "excused", "not excused". or "under investigation". lie il nOl admltteti to clan without thi, form. During the school term. apprentiees are never per­mitted to work on Saturday mornings, even though they would earn double time.

Journe)' men Included

With the 'chool for apprentice! well under wny, our next step WII$ to provide training for journllymen. Th is wu orgnn. I!ed during Auguat nnd September and atartod in October. This work of orgnni:ta_ l ion was much ,impler than that conllCeted with the apprentices. The men were al­lowed to choose between four houn on Saturday mom InK or two evenings of two hours each. They allo nllmed the subIech dellred. Clanes were made up from these s imed requests, the work being don e. en­tirely from questlonnsires.

Claues Ire now held on Monday and Wednesday evenlnlf' for the Itudy of elet_ t rieal theory or cable splicing. An evening • tuden! may uke on ly o.ne of theae. and we have but one cia .. in each lubject operating.

Saturday morning i. the popular choice of time. We have one four_hour cla~. In cllble. splicing and two poups thst take two hours of splicing and two of theory. Those who desired to take theory only 011 Saturday, were given the choice of the drawing room or eleetrieal laboratory for the other two hOUri. These men are being cared for as indivirlual s in the 811me room. with the apprnntices.

With sufficient demand, training for journeymen ma~' be extended to "ny de­sired subjcd.

tn making the lint auignment of l ub­jeelll for apprentiees, the roster mnkefll realized the best they could do wu only II

guell-good or bad. Last IUmmer PhilA· delphia 'NIlS electrieally busy, lInd anum· ber of new spprentices were admitted. Others. inspired by opportunit)·. raiaerl thoir card. Thele facts. coupled with th(l entrance of the journeymen. swelled the total enrollment tor the fall opening. It meant reorganization, the addition ot teach­en, and the opportunity to correct any previous erron. A distinct advantage lIt th;' time, Will tho aulitance of tho tench­en who had been in contact with the boyq in clan and thu! uble to expteu an opinion II I to whether on~'1 course .hould bf' changed, continued or repeated. This work wi11 have to be dono periodically in the future and will be bued on the student 's record in clau.

Present Curriculum

At the present time, the SaturdllY morn­ing Sl'hool is mlde up of 12 teacher., 86 Journeymen. and 171i apprentices. Flit\' journeymen attt'nd the t'vening daue". In addition to theBe, Ihere are about 20 memo ben attending luch IIchooll as Drexel or Spring Garden In ltitutes. The local aho has six members taking work in vocationnl teacher trllining at the UnivenilY of Pennsylvania.

lIaving already outlined the work belnK conducled for journeymen. t now wi.h to tell briefly what we are doing for the apprentice. The ~<"hool i, open from 8 a. m. to ]2 m. on a baslA of four periods of one hour each. There lire other groups in tho Ichool. sponsored by the Metfll Manur"c­tureu Auoc\lltlon, the Shcet Metal Work. e .... and the Carpl'ntl'n. Each /:"roup h cared for .epuately. and t ,han, therefore. o.nly discusl the Eleclril'ai Workers. The Ihops. laboratory, and drawing room arl' conducted on a double period balis, anI! mOlt clasBrooml on lingle period.. Th~ following subjects make up the curriculum:

Ength!h. Singlo periods, two grades. De­ligned to help the Itudent with what he mar need for everrday use. both in an oral and wrillen manner. Includes trndtt ~ermB. pronunciation. oral expreuion. apell. ing. punctuation. etc. Talk. on industriAl economics and pononal hygiene.

MalhematieB. Single period$, rour grades. Fraction~, decimals, percentage. mensura­tion. algebra, plane geometry and trigo­nometry. Greater enlphulB on lundamen· tab. Effort to start Itudent at hll own Jevel.

Elect rical Or.wlng. Double period., two gradu. Entinly Individualized ins truction, each working hil problem. at his own pace. Not intended as 1\ draftlman's COUI1lC but rather to f .. millari:te student with the ule of electrical Ind mechanical drawinKs, eharts and tables; along "'ith the ability to Ixpreu oneself graphlcall)'.

.; Ieelr!c Wiring. Double periods, two gradea. Study and 'ne of tools, materials and atandard prlctlte. Great stren on ability to think out, draw, and construc~ lundllmental circuits. All types of work included. Given to all beginneu.

Aim to cultivate nealneu, respect for craftsmanship. co-o rdination or hands and mind and the desire to do things well. in· st ructor to pau judgment on mechanical aptitUde.

Elel'lrical Thl'f)ry. Sillgle periods. two grades. Fundamentlll laws and principles of electricity and mametism. Meaning­and use 01 un ita, measurements, anti formu · las and the theory of electrical equillment in gencral.

F,1f'Clrics l l..aboralorr. Doub]e periods. two grades. Prt'requisite: Wiring and the· ory or equivalent experience. Practical ap_ plication and proof of theory. Connecting and testing or all typCll 01 meters. motoTi. Keneraton. tranllform(lu. etc. Obaf'rvinlf and recording or al1 relult~ required.

~letal and Machln t' Shop I·rsellce. Dou_ ble periods. one grade. Knowledge and use ot metal workinle' tooll and proceSBtl re­lilted to electrical tmde. Lllying Qut, cut­tin~. bending, drHling, tapping, threlttllnl". soldering, brazing nnd forging ot metal •.

"CURRENT TR ANSFORMERS" _~ 36·1>alrf 100] "I>I" rrf('renN' (or ron·

~tr"rll"n IIntl malnrl'nt,nl'<' rlectrldlllt •. g,o; cents po~r(lnltl. ~!andln.lr prll'f'. !l5 cenl~ to membeu ot I. n. E. W.

K . S. C ..... m .. n. !Mol , \lInnl .. >;1. ll_um" .. I, Texu •.

"JIFFY" SOLDER DIPPER so lders 50 to 75 joints with one heat. Does not smoke the ceiling, spill or burn the insulation.

"JIFFY" JUNIOR CUTTER Cutl holes I~ 10 3~ In dllmeter ID ,beet melli, outlet bOXH, b.kellt~, etc. Flta 101 llandard bra~. 11 ml1 allo be I"sed with drUl pr~ ... 8 ...... , • • IhI' n,o .. lh 0"'''' Sold"" DI .. per. "; " .. llor e .. "~r. n.'6 J>r~p.ld, It u-comp.l1led h1 Ibl' ad ... d ...... Uta ...... ______________ MAIl Tod.,. ____ ____ _ -- ---

PAUL W. KOeli • eO)l"P.oL."VY (Elllhllihed 11115) Chic OIH:" D'd,~ Chl .. ,o, III .

o ~ .. d ... e • Dipper . 'I.ot. o ~ .. d me • ,,. .. Ior Cotter . t!.15. o ~ .. d e<t ..... I ~te "Itr,. baUetla .

N.me ___ • ____________ • _______ _

Street _____ _ Ch, ____ _

February, 1931 Tlte Journal of Electrical Workers and Opel'ato1's

There are Two Ways to go about getting yourself A BETTER JOB

1 Slick to your job . And \\'ork. ](now theory as wcll ns pract ice. Study the jobs of the man along­side you , ~\I1d the mall above. l( now Lllo !tow a nd 'why .

2 Decide that you are up aga inst a stone wnll . Consider what you do best; what you like to do; whether it p~lyS well; ofTers a futW'c. T hen get ready.

Opportunity will knock at your door when you are ready

With a working knowledge of

you can fint! a job in a fi('ld that ne\'cr will be O\'e!'t'nlW ded. for llC('tril'ity does mo .. t of tho.: world'" "",,rk toda~'; will do morl' 10UIOITOW. There will IIlwII)'.!I t)f' good jol)IJ fo r Kood men In EI('("tri{,lly ... s nd al !!;"ud Imy. The work ill int('~tillp;! You I)UI your l('art and aoul UlIO It-setllOmcwilcn", AUDELS NEW ELECTRIC LIBRARY makCll Ell'<'tMrlt)' IlS I'llSy 8Jl .\IJC' fOf begin· IlCIll; 1Il1("l'I'fIlllllt Ill! fictIOn; cnltm("('I1I ~arn' in pocket fur "pare timc reading lind re[ercr.I'C; Ilut..,.tiun", IllIliWel'!l. dlalCralllll, ralrnhniollll, underwriter', rode; dcslgn, f(m~lnlrtlOIl, 0, .. eratlon Ind mainl{'nanre of lIuKIt'nl d{'('trical machinl'!l lind IIJ1P\ian{'('tl. j·T!.!.Y CO\'· EH ED, 111 twelve ( I:.!) hsndgoml', n{,)nhte eo\· ered l'oluTIle8. (Xinc randy, lhrol1 In work.) THESE SU BJECTS-Hundreds of Others

D. ft ...... . D-C M . ...... ......... .... Wlft""lr: Mol" .. •

I!c<~O.!:;.';.:l '.~!~~~"c .. ,!:~~."~'.':"~~' " •• :;d;,:~i."~ p •• <<leo . WI. ' nt . Dl. ' . . .... ~ (1. ",.10 II.U ..... . (1 •••• 0 .. . ....... • nd ... . . ' .nl<lOft . ... dl .. T . !oph .n. T., ...... " . ~o~:;~ I~I:~".:1 •• .:!:~":I!:.:!~~.; •• ".n. X.H·ot. W"d!f ••.

I-o .... 'M. nne Q per yolume of 600 to 800 pages

.... _ . a .... t1t .. 1 , UESTIONS AND ANSWERS ~n"n • • " ... ...... . III ... . \,<>u rt,m ..... I ... r .. ht yo ......... 1 TIH: ,\I'OU. WAY

.... <011 "h . .... , " ' • ••• m. tc .. ery IlU'alt;nIt>I ... "'''';II~" "mr.I)· .nd l""i.,..U" ...... •• l ... ~ .. .. . b..... 'I{I, .' ..... ~r. , .... "I ... , .1" .. 11"".· .t Ih <,,01 of ~dl

,- c auttT. t h,~ "'~~"" '.~(o ouek

AUDELS EASY BOOK-A-MONTH STUDY PLAN Thl' nc\\·e!it. elU<ir~t ,,"!Iv, lu "Iud)' Only onc -I Imu It InU!nlj\·t.,· mtefC!'Oliul{. al1' fIInllZ('4i III the hook a month to rrad. ~\'ery "ubler\. mild .. as ('1111(' (If It. and th(' 1'111'1.'(1 with which tlW\' 1I',lm. Ilimplc !lnd r]('/lr u AilC, E"('I\ I)()()f 'tudenl8 \\ hilt you ,;tsrt fhl'! .4 iUlel !r(lY you cali fim~h.

COS T S 6¢ A DAY The _OW)' ""ot-th~ I""'" of ou~ mild ~ipr ptr d ...... -it "othinc Th. pro .... '"~ 1;_ ;. ~ f,·.,.. houn )1tT ",'""k. __ ... <"f1J,,) •• b1y .. i .. ~, ... fiell ... ".

PLUS NOT TOO MUCH SWEAT Tb~ _I in <1",1 .. 00",.,1011'1( So one "V~r .n~ • ny .. ' ....... it"oul hili,.. • linc~r. !lilt-we hav~ ~n HlpiQc _II 10 IIYercowe W boAilitapo nf N" .. I_ tor FnTY n:.\I!~ Lei lit IIdp ,. .... 1

MAIL COUPON TODAY

BUT SEND NO MONEY TH£O. ""O DI:I.,, CO~ " W. tlt<I St.. H. Y. Ci ••

Mail \'vI t , ~::l""'tt< I.""I"}''''' i "~)'" , ...... ,rial If (J h 1 .. '" ....... ' II .'10. Qtho.r.,._ ... 1" ... " 1 ~ .... ,''''' )'"'' 10. _II. OIIf'!>«ok ... " m..n,b on .. ",~ , ... ".. ,,, (.IIlIPllon .. ",,- t ~m .. r .. ~

,,~ .....

Oeo'''/:IO''"" Emplo), .. l by.

<.

109

11 0 The Journal 0/ Electrical Workers and Opel-alol's Feb,.uary,1931

Operation of ~/)mmon machlnu, aueh u drill prea., power la., lathe, ete. Ca re and dreninll' of tool.. Skill no t over­emphubed.

T rade Technol lll{Y. Double perioda, t wo IIradel. CllLuroolll work . Dealgned pri­marily for intcnlivo training of ahor t term Atudent. who have exceeded their apl, . en­ticeahip time. Includes wiring dlagraml, connection and operation of equipment, eode rulea, material' and their lISe, etc. To be continued to co-ordinate theory and prac­tice, and to nudy new development. and apedl\Hzed hranehn of the indUlt.y. In. formative, ruher than Itrictl)' cdu .... th·e.

An In,"It.Uon

Should any "dear Brother" now doubt that WI! have "it", I cordially Invite ),ou to come ace f(lT youuel f. And I 'll en deavor to prove tbat l or our schooh, ilt leaat, Phlladel llhill 11 jUltified in the repu tation it deservu-"The Pride o f AmeriCI".

FRANCE-CERMANY H AVE ECONOMIC COUN CILS

(COIIIIIlUI'tI t.om pace ill)

crall, ma~hinery, ~onltruction, tr.upor· tation, public .ervlt:e. etc. It seeml to me Ih.t the recorn11ed trade u*>I:lulontO. I.bor unions, and con.umerl' or&'.nl~ •. tions In these different indust.i.1 groups ~hould be co-ordin.ted to (orm industrial eC(ln(lmic counclll for each psrtieutllr group o( indultriel, .nd lubmit a list of delilgates which would include delega tel from Ihe em· ployers, worken, .nd conlumers' .ocletiel for Ihe n.tional council. This form of or· ganilation would provide a firm foundation both for the collection of fact. Ilnd Infor. ma t ion and for the dissemination o f the work or the economic council. It would allO provide a good medium lor maintaining contact betwHn the Idea. developed at the nnler in Washington and Ihe Ide .. current Ihrourhout the country.

lteaunh I'romlne nl

In vie .. of the lize or our country. it i. unlikely that all industriea could be prop· erly represented In a body that would be len th.n .. y. 160 to 176 members. bUI 88 thil plenary seilion would be held only onee Il yenr that would not lead to the inconvenionCel that large bodiea of people uuplly have in di.culling lind earryinl( on technical iuveltij(.tionl. The rea l work would fall Ullon the eommitlees whlt:h eould be nlled together perlodieally and which would brlnr to their talk a knowledge or t:ondition. and tendencin. A permanent .taff of teehniral nperil working under the direction of theae committee. would carry on the real work of reaearch for the committee.. Whlle It i. pouible th.t in m.ny casu thele committees would have to inaugurate apeelal collection of data. I I:'ood deal of ita work would be facillt.ted by the bet that a )treat pllrt of ill dntll IR alrelldy nvailable in the various govern_ lIIent depllrtments Ilnrl cou ld he made gre.ter ule of l or purpOlU o f .tudy and anal)"lis. In II way. the work of the Na­tional Economicll] Council and iii commit_ tee. would be in Ihe n.ture or a central agency correlatinr .nd co.ordin.tlnr the data alnlldy being t:ollected by the varioul government depa.rtments, II lot of which lire now Iylnr idle and unused. Th.t new ma_ teri.1 cOlild al .. be gathel'e'd without gre.t difficully was manifested durinr 1918 by the War Industries Board.

In lome industries there .lready u:bt (od.y IndUit rial relationa counclli. for In­II lance. in the building Industry or In the

printing Indult ry. and theu could be made lhe foundationl of the larger indu, trilll counci ls.

However, if Buch • Iy,tt:m of organita· tlon leems too e laborate. the Industrial eco_ nomic counc ils mirht be di l pell5ed with lind the varloUi organizations now in eJtistence. sut:h .. ehamben of commerce, trllde .,,0_ cialionl, Internation.1 I.bor uniou. the i n­tern.tlonal Associ.tion of Manuladure .. , the Ameriun Federation or wbor, the N.tiona] Grange. the Natlon.1 Farm Bureau Allodation. the ConlUmeri' Learue. the League lor Women Voterl. and aimilar org.niutionl, could be co·ordinaled to nominate their delegate. always on the basis of equ.1 representation of different economic /rTOU]lI. to fo r m I national eco­nomic council direct.

8. 1V1\.tJ, 1I10Nld b" IA. Iliau of ,.nca,.d\ ""'" n",i ""gince". ;" Ihis eOllllciir

I think experience wo uld luggcst thllt r e_ Bearch mcn. engineers, snd manllge ... lind 10ci.1 .clentiata be .inrled out al a di.tinc t group and be given reprelentlltion on the council. Thi. il b.aed on the auumption that theu groupl. becaun of the ~rticul.r 1I0.itlon In Industry and et:onomic li fe, are inclined and even impelled to take a point o f view which 1I"ould reconcile antagonistic interu .... Thl!y would thus lupply • neces· aary corTeclive on the roundl In CalU of disagreement.

In addition, ruearch men would be re­quired .. membera 0( • lIe rmsnent Ital!' to be emrloyl!d by the cou ncH (or Itudy lind invut iglltion.

I. 110'111 1<:ollld .udl II rOllllcil IuJlle acted. ill 111;, d",,.'lIioll, if on" Iu!d beeN It I t4pl

lI.d a national economic council been in existence .ince 1927. lind had it performed In funuionl properly, It rou ld have made the country aware of what was .Irl!ady evident In the beginning of 1929. T he faet thll t . enrly in 1929 and live n o n t he eve of the cruh. man~' economllU were predlctlnlt" Indcflnlte pro.per i t~'. and that even th' Pre,ldent', committee on recent economic ch.nres had no inklinr or • cominr de­p reilion .Ix month. before it came, would leem to imply the futility of relyin, on economic experts lind their opinion.. T he queltlon, howe.·er, leema to me to be lome­wh.t dill'e rent. The rea,onl ror the un­awarene .. of thoac who were IUPpoied to know are chle!!)' 111"0. One II that msn,. or these uper", in their d.lly capacltlu are connected with the very ins t itutlolll which were deeply Involved in the IPOCU­IntiI'll exdtement which was one of t he mnin lentur el o f the crllsh. Secondly, t hese va r ious observe .... nd anllYlt, 01 our eco· nomic life .. ere workln&" independenlly without co.ordin.tion and without the very Iy.tematic body of facti and the eheckln, up of different and oPPollng opinions which the na.tlonal eeonomlc council would pro· vide. It .eema to me that. had .ut:h .n economic council ui.ted It would have been impoa1ible for ita memben. compoled from different Ie<:tionl of the country .nd .11 the economic interestl. not to be made aware of .treues and .traina which were beginninr to be relt In certain industrie~ al relldy In the Ipr ing nnd early .umme r of 11129.

PRICE LIST OF SUPPLIES Alllllle.tlo. U1aa .... _ 100 _____ -' .71 Ar.--.... OtIklaJ NoliN .t . ...... 1"__ .at " "" • • "1 _ ... Tr.,.."rer·' _______ . 1.10 6aI101 DoJl", ..,h ____ .M u." .... , 8. o. (IDedl.m) _______ 1.'5 Dall ..... 8 . o. ( ..... 11) __________ 1.60 Outton'. H . 0.________________ .70 !JuUon,. Cutl', B . 0., per I/'Ir _______ 1.50 nullO .. , Qold ·r~ D ..... O.d 8hape<l___ .... noo ... Jlh.II', r .. r B . 8 . (._11)_ t.1O u..o ... "1 •• 1, r .. r B . 8 . ( lar.,) _ s.to Book, 0..,_ 1M Uoo". " .. II (Ja il ____________ 1.60 C..-bo .. r .... """""III """ .. s______________ .06 ChAr ... . 1' ... 1 ch.l" .11<1'_______________ 11 .00 Ch, .. I" •• , DIII'licate ___________________ 1.00 Com,'I ~I~ 1 . .. e.1 Ch"-I~r 0"'"1 ___________ !!I.GO C .. ".IHlll lo". p~. 100 _______________ 7.50

8' n .. l ~ Oop''''"___________________ .10 . ::Jeel .. leaI W .. r" ..... 8, blcr tpll"" ....... 7_r t ... f::anloll". Ol!lelal. per 100______ I .to 0 . .. 61 . . .... b ___ M Lada-or. 1_ I_r bladu . " .... eIaI Sea-

r~l. r7· •• H I. b ' .. d"" ________ ... Led .. eoo 1I • • ea I .. et ." .. e ledi"Or. _ ... ---------------------- .... 1..,.1." .. , IM ... Bclal 8~r6l. r7·" 100 lIa .. ea_ s.oo Led.et". PI ... ad'" !kocr0lar-7' •• 100 pa .. _ _ 4.10 Led ....... " .... d ... 8«0-_7' , . 400 l18&'ea _ ' .75

( E%tra 11_...,. Dlaetla,) Lood.er. 1_1_1 ........ eh. lad.etl" .. tab. 111."

FOR E. W. 8 . A . AI/pllca llo .. O la ...... por 100________ .U uo .. .. . all""le_________________ I.M Chu le... Dapllctlt ... ______________ .III

(:0 ,,11111111 011 , .. d 0 7-1..&"', 1Iet" 1" _____ 1.111 81" .. 1. (l .. ,,'ea_____________ ,ter JUtliall, each ____________________ ·_ .tI'

Reln."'temeBt Ulan .... I/~r 100 __ •• __ _____ .'8

METAL LABEL

SOT"_Th~ abo ... ..-Uel .. will be '.Plliled .. h~. lh. req.lslt. . mo •• t . t ..... h _ ... pII.l ... 0.. "rde.-. Otb_lN the •• et .... wW _ be reeo •• laed. AU "III1U" ~at b7 •• ha ... , ........ e Or Ullr...,. char .. ea 1I~II"'d.

ADDRESS, G. M. BUGNJAZET, J. S.

Februa.1·y, 1991 The Jounwl 01 Electrical Workers a11d Opemto/'8

W LOCAL UNION OFFICIAL RECEIPTS FROM DECEMBER

L. U . Nl1l1l!!Kij l. 0. _____ ~0911lj 2170lj

1 2·138 ~461 1 _____ 963738 9637~8

1-____ 13271)3 1:!2778 L ____ l\)~7 I lIHJI)~

L ____ \!IS~IO 218G9:j 2- ____ 29710 1 :Wi:UiU 3 $u1~~ A. 3~1)~:I·a(l9.;~ 3 .. A. :t!U7i-326:14 3 II. 7\J:I~ · 1!)UO :'I ]). 81:10·8184 ('I I). 8~M SH1\! L ____ r.H~fl') \\17:100 ~ _____ 10403 1 lIH2r,'1 5 __ ___ 1 7G~51 1764~ 6 _____ 141 001 l ·jIO!)1 (1 __ ___ £H1136 64475 7-____ 14716 14;2:1 1 _____ 111 88 1 111078 L ____ 131199 13t1:n 1l _____ 8G8055 8IlSII~ 4

9 _____ 144041 1~47r.0

1:1- __ __ 1402r.1 140G10 14 _____ 3USUB 368BO Ilj _____ 8038 11 8038~G

IIL ____ G7H9!l 117lrolu 17 _____ ::;0708 G0118 17 _____ 2fl59H 2(041)0 18 _____ 137~28 1;17~17

I ~ _____ 14 110 141~O

J8 _____ 24308 24 :I~O

2L ____ G3:i111 G:Jr,1I1i 2G _____ 7 15 20 _____ 98216 OR25u 20 _____ lfl1\Ol I(;S('2 20 _____ tG2142 U\:l~21

21 _____ 8f,1)02U 81l\IO I:! :1{J _____ lj984 f12 !)98HH 3 1 _____ 150553 J "0572 32 _____ lj009S0 tiOOflSIl 33 _____ 411674 H 11mG 3~ _____ t008(1:\ 101 0 01 :1:1 .____ 7512 :l0 _____ 7050~1 .17 _____ 105:123 38 _____ 52lJO I .~~ _____ ~27381 .~9 _____ fl~(l11

~O _____ 300.17 40 _____ 1~r,048 40 _____ 2311:1 41 _____ 11 r.r.2(1 4:C ____ !l·191.'11 43-___ 1177~!

H _____ 973-172 4fi _____ 129 10 4(L _ __ _ 07:18111 47 _____ MlIH 48 _____ 18001 4IL __ __ 4.'101. 4.<1 . ____ IIZ!'! 11 43 _____ 1~ lfiIH

r,o 2fl ll 27 r,I _____ f12.~24R r,z _____ :lflS12 fi2 _____ Z01 ~5! !i:l _____ :21112!l7 r,4 __ ___ II I .'I07.~

~:I _____ II02 428 511 __ ___ or,:109 r./1 . ____ lIZ!l:lI'C !i1 _____ 1 ,~lIr,~

MI __ . H71!';! fiO ___ :2H!'!!'!1 r,2 _____ 1l!l~1)r,:I r,~ ___ 10!'! ~ 11

R(L ____ Mr.Q:I fII\ _____ 100~41 G7 __ __ _ f1~~ORIi (1"- ____ RI'lf)O\ f1S _____ 1mlnfll IIfI _____ fi~270~ ,0 ___ r.~.!lO~~

7:1 _____ ~ ~ f)4 (12

71L ____ 22202 7~ ____ M7Mr. 7n ____ lliUm2 7"-____ 24(110 77 _____ 11(1(11(1 1I0 . ____ S7I1R:lil 8L ____ ~21r.

112 ___ 2002~1 112 _____ 24 (1(\2 112 _____ 1343t 1I:l _____ l f1S7!i l 1I.1 ___ ~_ 207~2 ~:l _____ 1 1l~11I1l

R4 _____ 19M;fl7 114 _____ 12il7!11 116 _____ 10O!'if)1 A6 _____ 101270

70r.o10 101;:[(;.\ !i2~10

8214f1fl 921911 a0017

Irl1)240 231111

l1~~S". MH llfiO 117n10 013479

12919 91:Ul40 01\111:0

18f11O 48!i0

(mOOR !~Hlr.I) :' flllf\ 'l 92:12111 ~f1R~r.

2R17r.0 2Ifl:\r.r, 01S09~ R02.(:19

(lII:llfl II ~.!ilno 172111\01 14i2·11\ 21M!lO r.0tI9110 Ifl0720 1l1!'iOr,

101Or.l (11111000 ~(I()~(I

1100~1 !'i:l~7 111 nr.9MfI :\40r,fl2

22207 1\471Jr.!1 10:lfl47

24fl:l2 17r,77:1 S70/lIl:l

112~0 2110~00 :241lO~ l:1~M

1110070 20141 1~"2RO II).mIO I ~6944

811 _____ 047483 9'70f)ll

11 , 1930,

I ,. U. NU)IIII:I<II SO.~ ___ lU7~01 HI7!!1:! 87 MOlin H7 0170 ~8 ___ ~~72074 ~ 1~0771

1)0 __ ~ __ 10S107 \08~8a OO __ ~_~ 609 1 1l1L ____ Il:H\Jlt\ IlL ___ .. 09OO01 Il~ • ____ M8~~!1

08 _____ !J71)0 1 08 _____ 145032 08 _____ 00017 I)\L . ____ 804 1 O!L ____ 111:"\01l0

IOQ _____ 1080S0 100 _____ aU!l03 101 _____ :";1H~4 I O~ _____ IIO JOtJ If)2 _____ 810t I O:'- ____ I:!fJ041 1 0~ ___ 4321H 10:'-____ :JU';O~

104-____ 17001 J(1~ 14 IIJ:ll 10IL ____ lIHlO.% 10(; ~ __ IS7roO I 10I1 _____ UI 001;~ 10'; _____ M;4ti 1(1) _~~_64 ~7~0 110_. __ O~12~

11 0 ____ ilLA7".' 111 _____ 2r;!122 1 11 :1 ____ AII12 10 114 _._ 7:L:Ii~/l ll fi _____ r.n71!l5 117 ____ n92~5n 11 0_~ ___ 100t 81 12\) ____ 2~4 /l1l/l

121 __ ([r,4f)03 122 ~ ____ 2110(,71 124 ____ 211111 I ~N .~ ___ OZ H ~

12.1 _____ :I~4 1

1 2'- ~ __ 2(1:12;" 1 ~1\ ____ 1r.72 11 12r. _____ 2fl7M) 127 _____ lIro7131\ 129 _._ BH r.12 1311 __ 1211~,71

131 ___ • 2072(, 1.12 1l!ll71!1 1:t~ ~!H24:l 134 . ____ 112177 I~" ___ ~_ ~IHl 1.'·1 __ ~_ r.II0211 1.14 _____ 11\1\~:l1 I :lL _~ __ 1111271 134 ___ I M1221 1~4 ____ I!I(l7!il I:lL ___ I ~fl11\l 134 __ ~_ A41411 134 _ 1\71111 1 1n4 _ ~ !'ir,(ll l 1114 111:\1101 1114. ___ 1117fi l I :1L ____ ~ ~7!'il

1:\4 _ lI~r.7r. 134 111001 1:14 __ r.32r,1 134 ~_ 1 r,r,(l01 134 _ t.~lIzr,1 Ill! r.2!i01 1M _ Mf)(l i 13:; ~r,9I1fl O lR7 ?, I Ml'lfl 1~~ 711111411 l:1fl 7A~ ·1 14 140 71101 \4fl fllIlloH 141 tr.20\ H .' ~7'17 141\ __ .101.'~1'I 1·111 .12101 1411 fl2121l HII fl ~~7'l l 1r. 1 __ ~_ 11I1)631

I ~~ .~71\3111 Ifi.1 !l~ 14 211 11\1 . __ /l41!:c2·j 1M 29fl7nl III(L 1r,701 I ~I: _ 711~1r,4 \Iill ___ n!lOI 1.~7 _____ 114 I'IA40 1 1\~ _____ A30!\l\n 1110 _____ 1100111 11111 ____ 623 1011 11111 ___ 17101 11\3 _____ 17!'i!'i1l1 lO:l _____ 8~077~

II\ ~ _____ 12M2 1!14 . ____ 197IAfl lf1~ __ • __ l (1271!1

1).141)31 1J900(J!J 0Il811U2

!1 7UH 140207 001~ 1 0000

1!1I,120 10SOUlL

!JOUO I lj1447~ llO(lH

8 1011 126240 H070 ilJ:IOO 171121.1

1411110 1:16106 187fil0 OI OO!'lIi

1\:';70 6-1/l710

Ml2 1S InS7r.4 2"fl2~7 ~37211·1 7311737 (la7204 0112852

224~.~S 6M(l14 2:101!'10

2147 0221iO

:11172 201l:'l8~ 1~770(\

S(l71:1f1 :l 1411AII 121)0.19

20778 11111782 :111'12\\1

r.~!l1IIl ~1I;2!i !lMOII

lr.~4 ~ 1 !llooO

I!'i MOI 1/l(\~07 1(l00~1 R47~O ~77r.O lI!i1\OO

l r,M'!r,f\ ,,2~{)(j

4!H10 ~!l2r.o nlHO MooO

1 !\1\~20 1~!'i_130 r..,~r.0 1\07,,0

.c:cr.OHO 2 11\ 71'1 1 7Anlq~ 7RA 4 ~1I

71102 flfl71'1f1 1 11~2~

.c:c 1M) :l1I13r.2 3~10~ fl2 190

9~1I71~ 10f)Mo r,7R41 ~. !l:11411 1 MI!'I2.c:c 2fl0740 7~70i

70~~00 22~M

{140S47 /l!\OM~ 110111'1 (l2!111 1

I 770'~ 17~~ HI 112011!\fI

12fl07 tfl72M lil2~4 ~

TO JANUARY

I.. U. IIlI\ _____ O~4000 167 _____ 6281(H, 17:J ____ ~!I1~:1

lH ___ I:~0022 110 ___ ~ :lB~OOn 177 __ • 10:'i~7 177_ __ 648(1 177 ____ MOil 118 __ ~_.107480 HlO 101120 1111 10-14401 1~:I __ ~OI0r,2 1117 10.~n71 188 ___ 4 R~40~

I 00 ~ _(l 81'C0 :'i~ 11)1-._ 2~OilfJll \!I.1 ___ ~606fio1 IOL____ J 1 fH __ fI.~04.'O 194 ___ " 2~00 1

11)11 .13(102" IOIl ____ 1)11111110 11)l- ____ r,/lSUOIi 200~ ____ 2r,0 l1 ~0 1 __ ~ __ 72:111.c:c!\ 203 __ (1.1(1007 20L__ 1122flA:I 20:1 __ I HOSO ~OO 20M:l2 210 _ 122 1211 212 21131\A 212 _ 11)1112 212 _____ (111101 2 111 17fJ2f19 213"~."_ ~!i031 21.1._ 1~1 2r.~ 214 __ flfI(lr.OA 214 _____ 0744.19 214 _____ J1210 1 214 _ ~ 2Ar.fl4 214 ____ 4 ~001

21~ ._ 1102 11 11 217 ____ . 08~n22 210_ ._ 411:\78/l 22~ ___ 8i108 10 222 ____ 720:'1 2211_. 21Rnr, ~20 __ 7Mn.<l 229_~ __ 11M aM 2:10 fJ.1/l~4 2~l l 7701RI 2~2 211Mlro 2~~ _ n1\r.~7f\ 2Sr. __ O~2H~ 21\11 ____ 06123" 2n7 81M 2~/l RA120 11 2·10 I'!n1747 241 r,11II022 242 :142(11 21.1 1 ~.c:c70 ·1 24 1 704311r. ?4!'i lllr.fl1l7 2411 l l1flfl(ll'i 2.J1 _MHOll 24~ 1\111171 2:\11 1\ 101117 ~M H41\Q 1 2~ 1 r.rHO~7 2"2 140472 2M fl~ fl · I ' 1 2:'i.~ IIM22 2t.(I !lOOO~4 ?roll 1 ~(I.11'1\ 2t.7 20017r. 2M O~IIIH 2!1l1 1~1I!l0,~ 21\IL ,, 1111 21\0 ___ 0100r.2 21\2 _____ 1f14 ~lIl

21\2 l !iOOI 2113 MlfI~II:! 2113 " __ !l1IMI 2111 _ 3fl(lfl7

~~~-"-~-R~~n~ 20~ 417H.1 21\1I . ____ 1:211nr.1 2711 (I~Ir.lIll 271 7117fl2 27~ 1Ij!21\~ 21~ ~1~12~ 27" ___ 1 24~M 270 _ :lII4~1\ ~ 2711 __ 2AMI 27A _" ~ 1 07oo 2An 2112!'172 2Al ~2f)~ Ir. 2~:I ____ 10!1Ir.~ 2~4 ____ . !l4 2220 2~.~ _____ 1\(1224 2~6 _____ 1131l~61

654 (l23 O~ II ~O\) 2;n·l.~

020(1311 3:1fiO\IiI 105~1l Il~fil 6:\{J1

~tlH01 IIJ4I U~ 10~ r.0· 1 2{11670 7(J:I\l!lil 4 ~2407 08S071 2r.0010 :!Il0700 • O:;fl.\1(J ~4007

3~tl114 9001111 lJ8.111iO

2:10511 12110{JO OBOM~ r.2:IOIO I HOfl2 20(1 HH 12219 7

2(1 11 !) 1 n7 1 f1~ 01llS7

11!1I1fl7 "~1I7

1B1 2r.R 0(16(100 07H1I9

:121 12 211M7 4~00n

602 1:\1 OAHfl27 ~ n~709 800823

27420 7I)lJ 71" (J1'i~311~ !l~!'I7r\

770 107 211!i4~~ (I~r.41iO 0~21J\1I 01\1213

11111 11 (I~ l .' If1 ~1!111W (lOOI1HI ~42M

1 !18I:cO.~ 7114MII 1370r.1I 1 1If1111 7 fl/'oH1!I (\1 1 ~1)0 01(1211

I1fll!lll ll 14Mfl:; fI~!lI\2 nllJ\:lr, ~IIM70 1 ~I1:1flR 21101fl2 OIlAli' l 1:\IIr./l1

M:l2 fl700!'ifj 1111 :1 15

I\R~[101I .'~!l 1 11 :lfllOO

r.I\ 09/1~ 1\7flllli 4 17417 1 2r.I:l~ 6Rl ,,1'1 711~1I(l ~22r.1

nl~l ·1I

:I~H80

41 117M 2(12~An 22rH ~1I 711'MO !l4220.c:c f\4124 ~ 6~IIRi4

10, 1931

L. U. Nlllol"f:OC'1 2~8 _____ UU7t11 tlUijlU 2111 r,:.:7IH II r,:':71'!\i:1 :':\l~ _____ ;W7tJ77 ;j~';tlOO

:.:lllJ _____ UUOlJut tJtoOG I \J \!1I:L ____ ;I1~lu ;11~2:':

:.:1IU . _____ 1I710'1II1 tliil/litl ~tllI ___ 23111{) ~3111JU

aoo ___ ._ UUU~UIJ UUIJ8ui au 1 _ tl7uU:;u G1UU1:.: ;101 . ~ H:;OUj H ~;;O:': 30~ ___ ~_ 7ul!~7t.1 702111111 3U~_~ ___ ~OIlOU 2fill11 aua~_ •• ~"~iI:':il 1i:':1I:! 101 30U"._~ _ 7:!oIO 1:!1I~ :jIJ(I~~_~_ 2820:! 301 _____ UIIO()7:; ;jU~ ._~ __ l:ib7aU 300 ___ __ 14"80 1 300 _~ ___ 1:L3 4a2 301.1 ___ ._ 120001 31:.: ___ ~. 114t)8 31~_____ 373 1 3IL ____ 1l1173!i2 3 1."-____ J3003 310~. ___ 70fi2311 311 _____ 112r;7a allL ~ ___ {IS~:!n2 3111 ~ ____ 1143·11 3\!1 _____ 10UlIlU a2~ _____ 1:1(j4t.170 il23 ____ j806 a~~ _~___ 2701 32H ____ 21 ~1

8:.:0 _____ ~SUO-I

n211 _____ 5fJ!lS11 il211 _____ 07\J06~ 3~!l _~ ___ 2~28t a:JO~ ____ 17t}tHI0 3:12 _____ 88170(1 11:l:t _____ 1 t)~3~0 :131 ____ 001 188 M:llI .• ___ ()2 2520 H;JU _____ 611{H97 3<1S _____ 703770 a40~ ____ I (l(l23 1 3-11 _____ 177674 114:.: ____ r.l!lllJ~ O a H . ___ ~ 2H 410 ;H5_~_~_655~1I0 :141-____ 192117 lH8 _____ 180:l U 348 1.120t :1!l1~ ___ 121100 1 340 _~_ I ~!H21l ~!~0 ___ ~M6(j36S8 !lOO. __ ~_ 023 B:; I _____ 11)12811 :m2 _____ 1l'i30TI ;!!i:l __ ~ __ 18!llj4 6 3:;:'1--___ 8701) aM ____ . l (15231 n(llJ ._~ __ 6:L8!)(10 ;1r,6 •• __ ~(lr.~ l nn

:I!IIl __ ~_ 1 n~3G 3{\1l t O~!)05 ~M _Olj~8 1 0 ~OL ___ l aOfi01 :1ILr; _~ ___ B223 12 .111(1 __ 0a1\OS2 a llL __ S:I:1378 a(ul _ " __ 2(;0511:1 :l(!0 ____ 11111101 :170 _6491105 :171._ • • _ fl0001

6110083 15~76t.1 HG!H ~ 1<I:mou 12U~ I I jJ51~ 3~()1I

1I0;3UU 1 3~():;'

700~(l0 112600 6112~1I0 1101 3·18 70t)1I10 8G 'III~U

2117 ~210

3llu51J ~nOIlI:l 6700'J2 ~~2il!l

j 766112 88 111 111 10:2421.1 OuJI ~O 6~~n:lU (;3U51~ 703100 16621fl 177t.11)J 6l!U~:HI 23~21

OOr,G I ~ 1\J213:1 J II0 470 j320 1.1

121}310 063708

0" 1lJ12uG 1 5:1 100 180H2

8710 165~r,\) 6:1S5(14 r,fiR170 172lj80 10Ilil2.; 0:\1)l'!r;0 130~21 8223 111 1}:l!',(jflU 83;1401 2!in~ou 16:11301 049~11

:l11-____ 62422G 62423~ 311 _____ 20 101 1172 . ___ Oil:l~09 :l7~ . ~~OOI :17.1 "_ ~_4 292~1 .11L ____ 01l01)r. :170 _____ 7:128110 :177 _____ 0:1.'932 :!7L ____ ~1)401

1110 _____ 1114801 1I1l0 _____ (l():l1l1I1 :11\2 _____ 8·111 3114 _____ 211~oa

n81 ___ . 6r,2001 :llIfJ ~.~_. 082449 :102 _____ 141f10 :l1)~L ____ III SOO I :l1)2 ~_~_~ 7.1AOI :I!IL ____ 41700 :'Ifl~ _____ 11122i11 :llIL ____ 61 102' :m6 _____ 12{J20 :\1)/1 __ • 142MI Rfl7 __ ~ __ fl48791 401 __ ~ __ (If10 432 403 _____ 00223!\ 4111~L ____ l'j~Ofl27 4011 Olll!!n

01l3~OO :I:I02!1

429~1l8 (lr. I I):\

7:!2~80 IW30:lfJ

6149011 601l1l1l11

841:! 2~2{JS

052f)72 O~21{\2

1421\{J 10RO!} 1

16~2f\2 011040

12 108 U2~1 1 M l!830 61104(11 602:241 G1169M 032n~

I II

W

2 ~ 1)209 187U30 700170

452:1 1~4 5Utl

lH:\ 2r.812~

30302 (81)00(1 GOl880 r,1l2200

66S7(1 Jl101lhi 117619

40530 12~(lOO 708;;28

!}QS.14 (lSO~17 fi2!'10fi7 C!l884 G 2uas 14408

(lOS2 1:1 672H2 r.nor,2~ j r,(lr.4I'l 7~fl 78A 2(1081)!i f\11I~!0 1020M 0:;2971

2r.~:l91) r.7·IQH 70~11)0 Ilr.S!lllll !l~11\~3

1 !'iIU I 704171 207!l1l0 111"'1\110

1412:1 r,'l!l.(07 1I020~:I 9114r.2fl ~:1~:l2

1l7Ilr,!i1\ IlG2~r"

11!l247r. 111l27!'i

6111!'108.

112 The Journal of Electrical rvorkers and OpcratQTR F'eb1·uary, 1991

L. U. NUIiIla..11 L. U. NUWIlt:.R6 I. . U, I •. IJ. NOllllt:ll~ L. u. NllllUJtR 601 _____ 3OG18 30;4~ OO~ _____ 667620 UG76JD 70~._._ 9~1(l03 05HilS

6H711:.! 614:111 O\!~()73 H\!;()3 12itl:!0 611161t (1:10136

:lOt17

-----.\!!,;!X I1S175 ~2-39823. l)D-H7203. 6:;-199530, 630. 82-13HO. 83-lllOOoa.07Q.

56f ___ ~_ 27003 2.001 666 _____ GGbOl 6:1802 802~ ____ OiHili D73003 i6il1:;tL

l)''''O·' ,,6i~ ____ jfOI32 740736 ~ _____ :lGGG6a G~620 809._ •• _6i4 ,,~tI

SII~. __ 001>001 1I0~ _____ 1102009 OU282:; 6UG ____ . 1HOOl IHOl !! i4~ii1:lii ,-2$0107 ll)l;~i 733199 4S:.!391 &,,~2;; 6!>12~ 3:;0931)

G67 _____ llij6&6 Il~; IIO 66G _____ 21301 21380 S17 _____ H\IIIH G67 _____ I05Ul 10610 666. ____ IOGbGI 10:19311 SI7 _____ 12;!;17 9S-H5H~. 146180, IIU8 _____ IDU813 2OOO7S 668 _____ 141UO 74i2J 8 18 _____ 0910.1 37602. ~70_____ 16uiO lGU~O 670 _____ 17GiGd 115774 8 10_. __ .6:;6i22 103-·H~'IH . H~20.

12.-203382. 1::,0--1:;71103. 1(;6--702'{W_'6!l . 101-0:;!lH9. 2.t.-13;t}l8.. ~"D-130512. 2S-I-9{2228. 2!l2-337686. JlO8--I:iSHO, 7113 309-1200:;2, 136, 146. 323-1806.

"72 ____ .20316~ 26JI6S 67G _____ 321141 32111111 820 _____ c.o~01 a74_. ___ 92ba~11 028",3 017 _____ 122.2~ 12211~ ... ~8 __ • __ 7(l3181 GiL ____ :HOO" 6i7 _____ 20101 211105 83:1 _____ 80101 "OHIO

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721;123 11117100 8237/111 6111\(170 203723

678 _____ 24021 24020 83~.~_~ Q.l;IOOI :'llL____ !l614 lIiD _____ ~OIIG 650121 HfO ____ .OtU7 411 677 _____ 33601 1I11O _____ 7061H 706122 1140 _____ 11:::1160 5,8 _____ 34:;28 .'180 _____ 042735 5~1~ ____ 1I1I3017 684_ •• __ 210982 "!H •• ___ li025\t "Si _____ 0040:! "8L_. __ 1\17I1S .'18,,_. ___ 72131:1 "~0. ____ 0610"l"O r.88 _____ 8:!37oo (;111 _____ 0115063 (;112 _____ 20!1720 "O:L~___ 2701 .'I1H __ ._601~41 ::.O,, ~ ____ 23401 ::.1111 _____ 21 1842 69~ _____ 411004 ,'";1)6 _____ 4404111 (;1I11 _____ 60HOI 61)0 _____ 924,,113 600 ___ ._ 1639 001 ___ .SI6627 602 _____ 27601 602 _ ._ 42361 002 _____ :130226 1'01"'3 ___ 6207~3 603 ___ •• 19001 007 _____ 600871 011_. ___ 14200:1 0I!L ___ 1197112 61'-___ • 9llS28 m8 ____ • 20U2 618 _____ 22521 619 ____ 676311 023 _____ 00081 626 _____ n219!l 626 _____ 86001 62'-____ 8:.2576 6.1O ____ .3342!l9 631 _____ 9HIIS5 6.1:! _____ 67I1ZM 630 _____ 123041 6-40 _____ S:l:lOI tHO _____ :13401 6f2 _____ 1411172 642. ____ 13!104 fWO _____ IlZO,'";12 649 ____ .21111141 0,,4_____ 2416 0.:;11 ____ .608548 001. ____ 20::.602

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1181-____ 21001 GI:I1 _____ 45I!t1H 6113_____ 4MI OIH _____ 63h73i 685 _____ 0111001 080 _____ 30bOi 1188 _____ 1111:14(; 001 _____ 090ti2 6I1L ____ 12S,,0'.) 01l~ _____ 71711~ 6IHl _____ OO171l11 101 _____ 81~27Q 702 _____ 31100D 702 _____ 3311000 707 _____ 10:;7111 710 _____ 61 tlIOo 712 _____ 40n~0 716 ____ 1:;33 716 ____ 26t07 716 _____ I~t2S1 717 _____ 2~2338 717.____ 0003 ;!D _____ ·UI621

!~~----- 2!!!:!:!4 ,2" _____ 81,, ,Ii 72'1 _____ D41l432 729 _____ li17D ;31 _____ 46021 .. 132 ____ 12:1,,00 782 _____ 26705 7St ____ HOI03 73.'1. ____ 610910 7·U____ 102D 746 _____ 021100 ;:.7 ____ 2634,,7 7:;7 _____ Slll24 7,,0 _____ 2112:;28 700 ____ 603330 762_____ 0041 703 _____ 211132 765 _____ 24,,02 770_____ 11334 ,71 _____ 330.'16'1 .. 2, ____ 7022IlS 703_____ SI64 77-4 _____ 700tIl4 7S·L ____ 32701 7S7. ____ 0161'i.1i 7tl2 _____ 7070117 ,04 _____ S02OM ,04 ___ 30601

FRAN CE-CERMANY HAVE ECONOMI C CO UNC ILS

f(,ontlnllt'd from Pftl:l' 110)

A Com.,. .. In • Storm In fact, I would itO furthtr .nd lilly th.t

it Ihould be the definite function of the Nlltional Economic Council to atudy the economic bclt with II lIie .. of detecting trcnd. of uonomlc Ufe 110 1111 to be able to ... m the country In case It was ,winging too far in one dirKtion or another. A. II well known, it h .. been urged by aome that it Ihould be the function of the Federal Reserve BOllrd 10 ulle Ill! power to It.bl1i~(' bualne... The Federal Reaerve Boftrd has been unwilling either to ... ume luch • function or to lid mit lhllt it can be auc­ceufully carried out. Out . nlliional eco· nomic coundl. being In I pOl iUon to Wllm the count.,., could luppJy a balia of policy for the Fcderlll neRl'rve Board which It might be able to follow wilhout aslumlng all the respo",lbllity.

"ad luch II board been In existenef. it would also halle! hlld II denrer view of the ponlbllItlu of immedillte relief for the unemployed. Thh Is .hown by the record or the Fronch Economic Council, whleh hlld a workable program In 1026 and which Is now prepared to mellt lin emervency .itua­Uon In France I hould the world depreulon aleo aITect France in a serioUII way.

The point thnt should be kept dearly In mind b that a national I'conomlc counell. working properly lind melhodiul1y, should

4,,8098 8~4 __ ~_ 20"132 8:;11 _.__ 30:lG 1I.i7 _____ 611311:14 ~MI _____ :l2~Oa

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IInlle at it& diapoul a contlnuoUl pictun of the way economic life I. 11:011111'_ It 5110uld be able to vie .. not thle or that industry In it. iloh,tion, but an Indul trle. in thl'ir inturelatlon PI a II'rowing and de­veloping l'Conomlc ayalem. It .hould, th~re . (or~ , be able to give lound .dvlce on thl! allocation of naourcu, on the pouiblUtlu of reldjuatinll' the labor IUPp!)-, on the mOlt uaefu\ application of crt-dlt facilltlu. on the uten! of dilltren in the country, etc. Were luch a bond In uletence, un­doubtedly we would not be In the flounder ­ing condition in which we are now, know­ing neither the number of pl'ople out of work nor Ihe edcnt of th~lr mlatry, nor the waYI In which thl'y are al1owl'd to Ihltt for themlelvu, nor the psy~hoiocicai e/l"ect of Ihi, condition upon their mlnd._

10. h tlt.e-rl d(lll"'r ill. llu! IrtrliOIl 01 .IV" II COlllleo"l, il it hi "IIot 0111 M.'1Ie~. decilliou (Ire 0~11I lI,"""v.d at, alld if It hi ftot 0 .... tultk~ ""'II hi .,.el/llrdflfl 01 ""pre.llltotire of 011 ICO­ftom'" grollp"

Any council wblch would not be Ina· tional In.tltutlon. reprll!lcntftUlle of all thl' economic Interesh of the country. open to public inapection and carrying on It. acUlli_ tilll in the name of the people, would be not only futile but danlrllrilul. No economic "kltthen cabInet'· can olthe!r moet the prob· lema or win the confidence of the peoplc. What we need I. a national economic coun· cil which would be national In Icope, eco­nomic In charactar lind method, and a coun­cil In the true tense ot the word.

Sound, With New Uses AI an In""lIable result of the progreuille

chllnge that rellolutionized the motion pic­ture industry when audibility lIuppianted the printed title in ""reen entertainment, a novtl automatic advertblng projector, de. .Irned to accommodate atandard-lized lound motion picture film, hill! betn perfected and ""ill aoon be introdueed to the public. The new devicl' I. the product of RCA Photo­I.hone, Ine., in collaboration wilh the Auto Clnl'ma Corporation, which haa had a lill'lIl motion picture adlll'rtising projector on the mllrket for ",verlll montbs. The mach in" il~flf, a compact pi_ of I'ngineering work­man,hip, operates within a neally modeled metal houling occupying a apace lelll than two feet Iquare. The projector il motor­drlvl'n with power supplied from an ordi­nary lamp aocket. Projector, amplifier, motor and aix-inch apeaker are collocaled within an attractively designl'd cabinet, .lmlla r in appearance to a radio conlole. which .tands IIbout fllle feet Ih: inches high. The picture III thrown upOn a tTllnaparent Icreen, IS by 22 inches in dimension nenr the top 01 lhe cabinet and in the line of vl,lon of the averaged-aized penon when . tandln!!". The entire equipment, including cabinet, weigh~ leu than 100 poundl. When placed in operntion, the fllm b endlcn aell­rewinding. permitting repetition of the lub_ Ject Indeflnitely. The BOund amplillcatlon ran bl' controlled to an~· desired volume.

TOOLS OF ANOTHER KIND

IN THE TRADE. ELECTRICAL SCIENCE COMES FIRST.

Men must know. Skill rests on science.

• • • AFTER SCIENCE. COMES TOOLS.

No electrical worker ha, oppo.ed the entrance of mechanized implements into the industry.

Tools save time: advance the craft. and do not abolish science.

• • • RESEARCH Is A NEW SORT OF TOOL.

It is another way of advancing the objective of the union . More than a score of key cities have adopted the research plan

of the Brotherhood.

• • • RESEARCH DEMANDS EFFECTIVE TOOLS.

The weekly research cards. and the research ledgers prepared by the I. O. are tools in the aid of research.

• • • LIFETIME LOOSE-LEAF FULL LEATHER RESEARC H BINDERS WITH

TABS ARE PRICED AT $15.

Research ledger sheets are priced at $2.50 a hundred . One sheel serves a mltm ber a yea r.

Research weekly report cards are 50 cents a hundred .

• • • RESEARCH . LIKE A GOOD ENGINE. GAINS SMOOTHNESS AND POWER

WITH USE .

Statistics gathered accurately and preserved carefull y over periods of time will serve the union powerfully .

The union ca nnot ignore this new tool of organization work .

• • • G. M. BUGNIAZET, Secretary

International Brotherhood of Electrical Worker~ 1200 15th St., N. W.

Washington, D. C.

"IF YOU tbink tbat tbe people who are running tbe industries of the world by reason of greed can bring about such depres­

sions as this and tben not take steps to mend them, no matter what the sacrifice may be to the individual, you are mistaken. We cannot get away witb it and the people who are suffering from it will challenge our system just as inevitably as the earth goes round tbe sun."

THOMAS L. CHADBOURNE,

Wall Street Lawyer, Before World Sugar Conference.