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12712 Airbus A320 family - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia

120enwikipediaorgwikiAirbus_A321Stretching_and_shrinking

A320 familyA318A319A320A321

US Airways Nevada A319-132

Role Narrow-body jet airliner

National origin Multi-national

Manufacturer Airbus

First fl ight 22 February 1987

Introduction 28 March 1988 with Air

France

Status In service

Primary users US Airways

EasyJet

China Southern Airlines

China Eastern Airlines

See Operators for others

Produced 1988ndashpresent

Number built 5307 as of October

2012[1]

Unit cost A318 US$677 million

euro58 million (2011)[2]

A319 US$807 million


A320 US$883 million


A321 US$1036 million


Variants Airbus A318

Developed into Airbus A320neo family

Airbus A320 familyFrom Wikipedia the free encyclopedia

(Redirected from Airbus A321)

The Airbus A320 family consists of short- to medium-range narrow-body commercialpassenger jet airliners manufactured by Airbus The family includes the A318 A319 A320 andA321 and the ACJ business jet Final assembly of the family in Europe takes place in ToulouseFrance and Hamburg Germany Since 2009 a plant in Tianjin in the Peoples Republic of China

has also started producing aircraft for Chinese airlines[3] In June 2012 Airbus announced plans

to begin building the 319 320 and 321 variants in Mobile Alabama[4]The aircraft family canaccommodate up to 220 passengers and has a range of 3100 to 12000 km (1700 to 6500nmi) depending on model

The first member of the A320 familymdashthe A320mdashwas launched in March 1984 first flew on 22February 1987 and was first delivered in 1988 The family was soon extended to include theA321 (first delivered 1994) the A319 (1996) and the A318 (2003) The A320 family pioneeredthe use of digital fly-by-wire flight control systems as well as side-stick controls in commercialaircraft There has been a continuous improvement process since introduction

On 1 December 2010 Airbus officially launched the new generation of the A320 family with the

A320neo New Engine Option[5] The new generation offers a choice of the CFM InternationalLEAP-X or Pratt amp Whitney PW1000G combined with airframe improvements and the addition ofwinglets named Sharklets by Airbus The aircraft will deliver fuel savings of up to 15 VirginAmerica will be the launch customer for the aircraft in spring of 2016 As of 31 December 2011 atotal of 1196 A320neo family aircraft have been ordered by 21 airlines making it the fastest ever

selling commercial aircraft[6]

As of August 2012 a total of 5232 Airbus A320 family aircraft have been delivered of which4858 are in service In addition another 3621 airliners are on firm order It ranked as theworlds fastest-selling jet airliner family according to records from 2005 to 2007 and as the best-

selling single-generation aircraft programme[7][8] The familys direct competitors are the Boeing737 717 757 and the McDonnell Douglas MD-80

Contents

1 Development

11 Origins

12 Design effort

13 Production testing and demonstration

14 Stretching and shrinking

15 Further shrinking

16 A320 Enhanced

17 New Engine Option

2 Design

21 Airframe

22 Flight deck and avionics

23 Engines

3 Operational history

31 Competition

32 Replacement airliner

4 Variants

41 Overview

42 A320

43 A321

44 A319

441 A319CJ



Air Inter A320-100 in 1991

one of the few A320-100s

45 A318

46 Freighter

5 Operators

6 Orders and deliveries

7 Accidents and incidents

71 A319

72 A320

73 A321

8 Specifications

81 Engines

9 See also

10 Footnotes

11 References

12 External links

Development

Origins

When Airbus designed the Airbus A300 during the late 1960searly 1970s it envisioned a broad family of airliners with which to competeagainst Boeing and Douglas two established US aerospace manufacturers From the moment of formation Airbus had begun studies into

derivatives of the Airbus A300B in support of this long term goal[9] Prior to the service introduction of the first Airbus airliners engineers

within Airbus had identified nine possible variations of the A300 known as A300B1 to B9[10] A 10th variation conceived in 1973 later the

first to be constructed was designated the A300B10[11] It was a smaller aircraft which would be developed into the long-range AirbusA310 Airbus then focused its efforts on the single-aisle market which was dominated by the Boeing 737 and McDonnell Douglas DC-9

Plans from a number of European aircraft manufacturers called for a successor to the relatively successful

BAC One-Eleven and to replace the Boeing 737ndash200 and DC-9[12] Germanyrsquos MBB (Messerschmitt-Boumllkow-Blohm) British Aircraft Corporation Swedens Saab and CASA worked on the EUROPLANE a 180-

to 200-seat aircraft[12][13] It was abandoned after intruding on A310 specifications[14] VFW-Fokker

Dornier and Hawker Siddeley worked on a number of 150-seat designs[12]

Alongside BAe (who at the time were not part of Airbus) were MBB Fokker-VFW and Aeacuterospatiale Thedesign within the JET study that was carried forward was the JET2 (163 passengers) which then becamethe Airbus SA123 series (Single Aisle) before settling on the A320 name for its launch in 1984

The Hawker Siddeley team had previously produced a design called the HS134 Airbus in 1965 an

evolution of the HS121 (formerly DH121) Trident[15] which shared much of the general arrangement ofthe later JET3 study design The name Airbus at the time referred to a BEA requirement rather than to the later international programme

Design effort

A new programme was initiated subsequently called Joint European Transport (JET) This was set up in June 1977[16] and was based atthe then British Aerospace (formerly Vickers) site in Weybridge Surrey UK Although the members were all of Airbus partners they

regarded the project as a separate collaboration from Airbus[17] This project was considered the forerunner of Airbus A320 encompassing

the 130- to 188-seat market powered by two CFM56s[12] It would have a cruise speed of Mach 084 (faster than Boeing 737)[12] Theprogramme was later transferred to Airbus leading up to the creation of the Single-Aisle (SA) studies in 1980 led by former leader of JET

programme Derek Brown[18] The group looked at three different variants covering the 125- to 180-seat market called SA1 SA2 and

SA3[12] Although unaware at the time the consortium was producing the blueprints for the A319 A320 and A321 respectively[19] Thesingle-aisle programme created divisions within Airbus about whether to design a shorter-range twinjet than a longer-range quadjet wanted

by the West Germans particularly Lufthansa[12][20] However works proceeded and the German carrier would eventually order the twinjet

In February 1981 the project was re-designated A320[19] with efforts focused on the former SA2 During the year Airbus worked withDelta Air Lines on a 150-seat aircraft envisioned and required by the airline The A320 would carry 150 passengers 1860 nautical miles

(3440 km) using fuel from wing fuel tanks only[19] The Dash 200 had more fuel through the activation of centre fuel tank increasing fuel

capacity from 3429 imperial gallons (15590 L) to 5154 imperial gallons (23430 L)[21] enabling to fly up to 2850 nautical miles

(5280 km)[19] The aircraft would measure 118 feet 3 inches (3604 m) and 128 feet 9 inches (3924 m) respectively[19] Airbus then had

to decide on a cross-section for the A320 It considered a fuselage diameter of the Boeing 707 and 727 or do something better[12] It



The cockpit of the A321 is

similar to that of the A318

A319 and A320 This layout

was incorporated to the later

A330 A340 A380 and the

upcoming A350 as well This

commonality enables pilots

to quickly transition between

these types Note the side-

stick controller and digital fly-

by-wire technology a first for

commercial aircraft

The horizontal stabilizer of the

A320 is produced in Spain

Other A320 parts are

manufactured at various sites

throughout Europe and the

world

An Airbus Beluga unloading

A320-family aircraft parts at

Finkenwerder northern

Germany

eventually settled on a wider diameter with the internal width at 37 metres (12 ft 2 in)[12] compared to 345 metres (11 ft 4 in)[12] of theBoeing aircraft Although heavier this specification allowed the aircraft to compete more effectively with the 737 The A320 wing went

through several stages of design finally settling on 3391 metres (111 feet 3 inches)[21] It is longer and thinner offering betteraerodynamic efficiency because of higher aspect ratio than the competition namely the 737 and MD-80

With the A320 Airbus made a controversial decision For the first time digital fly-by-wire (FBW) flight control system would be incorporated

into a commercial airliner[22] although it was previously successfully proven on military fighter aircraft[22]

such as the Vought F-8 Crusader Aside from associated reduction in weight and cost this system would

provide flight envelope protection[23] The pilot in essence places inputs into the flight control computerwhich interprets these actions and moves the flight control surfaces FBW also allows Airbus to make flying

characteristics similar to later models[24] such as the Airbus A330 A340 A380 and the upcoming A350 Itwould feature side-stick control for the first time on a commercial aircraft Bernard Ziegler son of theformer Airbus CEO Henri Ziegler was the initiator of the aircrafts revolutionary fly-by-wire flight controlswith side-stick cockpit controller and full glass cockpit He successfully convinced aviation authorities of the

concepts validity[citation needed]

During the A320 development programme Airbus considered propfan technology backed by Lufthansa[25]

At the time unproven it was essentially a fan placed outside the engine nacelle offering speed of aturbofan at turboprops economics eventually Airbus stuck with turbofans Power on the A320 would be

supplied by two CFM56-5-A1s rated at 25000 lbf (1125 kN)[21] It was the only available engine at launchuntil the IAE V2500 offered by International Aero Engines a group composed of Rolls Royce Pratt ampWhitney Japanese Aero Engines Corporation Fiat and MTU Aero Engines (MTU) The first V2500 variant

the V2500-A1 has a thrust output of 25000 pounds-force (110 kN)[26] hence the name and is marginallymore efficient than the CFM56 with specific fuel consumption at 0560 compared to 0591 of the

CFM56[27]

Production testing and demonstration

Production of the A320 was postponed for a number of reasons From the start the UK France and WestGermany wanted the responsibility of final assembly and the associated duties These disputes were known

as work-share arguments[28] driven by apart from money prestige[28] The Germans requested an

increased work-share of 40[28] while the British wanted the major responsibilities to be swapped around

to give partners production and research and development (RampD) experience[28] In the end British work-

share was increased from that of the two previous Airbuses[28] while virtually no changes took place forthe other three major member-countries Another contributing factor was launch aid or subsidies for theaerospace companies from their respective governments France was willing to commit while the Germans

were more cautious[29] The UK government on the other hand were unwilling to provide funding for thetooling requested by British Aerospace (BAe) Estimated at ₤250 million it was postponed for three years

until 1 March 1984[21] when an announcement was made about the deal between government andmanufacturer The agreement dictates that ₤50 million would be paid whether the A320 would fly or not

while the rest would be paid as a levy of each aircraft sold[30]

The programme was launched the following day[31] off the back of orders for 96 aircraft from five customers Air France was the firstcustomer for the type having placed an order for 50 aircraft split evenly between firm and options between 16 A320-100s and 34

-200s[22] However British Caledonian was the first to place a firm order for seven back in October 1983[32] Cyprus Airways became the

first to place order for V2500-powered A320s in November 1984[33] Pan Am also selected V2500 when it requested 16 firm orders and 34

options in January 1985 as did Inex Adria[32] The most significant order was to come when Northwest Airlines placed an order for 100

A320s in October 1986 later confirmed at the 1990 Farnborough Airshow powered by CFM56[34]

The first Airbus A320 was rolled out on 14 February 1987 amid dry ice and laser beams as part of a

spectacular unveiling ceremony[35][36] A number of high-profile figures were present including the Prince

and Princess of Wales[37] The first flight came on 22 February[36] during which the aircraft flew for 3

hours 23 minutes[31] The flight marked the beginning of a flight test programme involving 1200 airborne

hours on 530 flights[35] European Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA) certification was received on 26

February 1988[35] The first A320 delivery was to Air France on 26 March 1988[35]

On 26 June 1988 a chartered Air France Airbus A320-111 (F-GFKC)[38] crashed into trees at the end of

runway at Mulhouse-Habsheim Airport Three out of 130 passengers were killed[38] Another A320 flownby Indian Airlines crashed landed short of the airport runway in Bangalore The ensuing fire contributed to

the casualty count of ninety-two out of 146 on board[39] The press and media later questioned the fly-by-wire flight control system[38]

Subsequent investigations by commission of inquiry found no malfunction of the aircraft or its equipment which could have contributedtowards a reduction in safety or an increase in the crews workload during the final flight phasethe response of the engines was normal

and in compliance with certification requirement[38]

As of 2009 Airbus required about eight months to build an A320[40] Components from various Airbus plants are transported to the final

assembly plant at Hamburg Finkenwerder for the A318A319A321[41] and to Toulouse Blagnac for the A320 Nearly all assemblies are

moved using Airbus A300-600ST Beluga outsized transporters Airbus A320s sold to Chinese airlines scheduled for delivery between 2009



Airbus A32X family

Alitalia was the second to

receive the stretched A321

after Lufthansa[49]

A US Airways A319 in

America West heritage livery

The A319s wingspan is

longer than the aircrafts

overall length


and 2012 are being assembled in Tianjin Peoples Republic of China[42]

Stretching and shrinking

The first derivative of the A320 is the Airbus A321 also known as the Stretched A320 A320-500 and

A325[35][43] Its launch came on 24 November 1988 after commitments for 183 aircraft from 10 customers

were secured[35][44] The aircraft would be a minimum-changed derivative apart from a number of minormodifications to the wing and the fuselage stretch itself The wing would incorporate double-slotted flaps

and minor trailing edge modifications[45] increasing the wing area from 124 m2 (1330 sq ft) to 128 m2

(1380 sq ft)[46] The fuselage was lengthened by four plugs (two ahead and two behind the wings) giving

the A321 an overall length of 694 metres (22 ft 9 in) longer than the A320[45][47][48] The length increase

required the overwing exits of the A320 to be enlarged and repositioned in front of and behind the wings[49] The centre fuselage andundercarriage were reinforced to accommodate the increase in maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) of 9600 kg (21200 lb) taking the

MTOW to 83000 kg (183000 lb)[45]

Final assembly for the A321 would be as a first for any Airbus carried out in Germany (then West

Germany)[50] This came after a dispute between the French who claimed the move would incur

$150 million euro135 million in unnecessary expenditure associated with the new plant[51] and the Germansarguing it would be more productive for Airbus in the long run The second production line was located atHamburg which would also produce the smaller Airbus A319 and A318 For the first time Airbus entered

the bond market through which it raised $480 million euro475 million to finance development costs[38] An

additional $180 million euro175 million was loaned from European Investment Bank and private investors[52]

The maiden flight of the Airbus A321 came on 11 March 1993 when the prototype registration F-WWIA

flew with IAE V2500 engines the second prototype equipped with CFM56-5B turbofans flew in May[49]

Lufthansa and Alitalia were the first to order the stretched Airbuses with 20 and 40 aircraft requested

respectively[49] The first of Lufthansas V2500-A5-powered A321s arrived on 27 January 1994 while over

at Alitalia the first CFM56-5B-powered aircraft was delivered on 22 March[49]

The A319 is the next derivative of the baseline A320 The design is a shrink with its origins in the 130- to 140-seat SA1 part of the

Single-Aisle studies[51] The SA1 was shelved as the consortium concentrated on its bigger siblings After healthy sales of the A320A321

Airbus turned its focus back to what was then known as the A320M-7 meaning A320 minus seven fuselage frames[53] It would provide

direct competition for the Boeing 737ndash300-700[51] The shrink was achieved though the removal of four fuselage frames fore and three aft

the wing cutting the overal length by 373 metres (12 ft 3 in)[47][54][55] Consequently the number of overwing exits were reduced from

four to two The bulk-cargo door was replaced by an aft container door which can take in reduced height LD3-46 containers[54] Minorsoftware programming were made to accommodate the different handling characteristics otherwise the aircraft is largely unchanged Power

is provided by the CFM56-5A or V2500-A5 derated to 98 kN (22000 lbf) with option for 105 kN (24000 lbf) thrust[56]

Airbus began offering the new model from 22 May 1992 with the actual launch occurring 10 June

1993[57][58] the A319s first customer is ILFC who signed for 6 aircraft The development cost was

$275 million euro250 million[54][57] On 23 March 1995 the first A319 underwent final assembly at AirbusGerman plant in Hamburg where the A321s are assembled It was rolled out on 24 August with the

maiden flight the following day[59] The certification programme would take 350 airborne hours involvingtwo aircraft certification for the CFM56-5B62-equipped variant was granted in April 1996 after which

qualification for the V2524-A5 started the following month[60] Delivery of the first A319 to Swissair took

place on 25 April 1996 entering service by months end[60] In January 1997 an A319 broke a recordduring a delivery flight by flying 3588 nautical miles (6645 km) the great circle route to Winnipeg

Manitoba from Hamburg in 9 hours 5 minutes[60] Sales of the A319 would overtake that of the A321

amassing 1470 order compared to 932[1] it has proved popular with low-cost airlines such as EasyJet

who has orders for 172 with 167 delivered[1]

Further shrinking

Main article Airbus A318Development

The A318 was born out of mid-1990 studies between Aviation Industries of China (AVIC) Singapore Technologies Aerospace Alenia andAirbus on a 95- to 125-seat aircraft project The programme was called the AE31X and covers the 95-seat AE316 and 115- to 125-seat

AE317[61] The former would have an overall length of 313 m (102 ft 8 in) while the AE317 is longer by 32 m (10 ft 6 in) at 345 m

(113 ft 2 in)[62] The engines would be supplied from two BMW Rolls-Royce BR715s CFM56-9s or the Pratt amp Whitney PW6000s[61][62]

with the MTOW of 533 t (118000 lb) for the smaller version and 58 t (130000 lb) for the AE317 the thrust requirement were 779ndash846

kN (17500ndash19000 lbf) and 846ndash912 kN (19000ndash20500 lbf) respectively[62] Range was settled at 5200 km (2800 nmi) and 5800 km

(3100 nmi) for the high gross weights of both variants[62] Both share a wingspan of 310 m (101 ft 8 in)[62] and a flight deck similar to

that of the A320 family Costing $2 billion euro185 billion to develop aircraft production to take place in China[61]

Simultaneously Airbus was developing Airbus A318 In early 1998 Airbus revealed its considerations of designing a 100-seat aircraft based

on the A320 by September 1998 the project AE31X terminated after which Airbus officially announced an aircraft of its own the



The A318 originally had

dorsal fins to improve

handling characteristics but it

is not featured on this Air

France A318

Airbus A320 with sharklets at

ILA 2012

Virgin America Airbus A320

economy class Enhanced

Cabin with light-emitting

diode (LED) lighting


A318[63] at that years Farnborough Airshow[64] The aircraft is the smallest or baby of the A320 familyand therefore the smallest Airbus Ironically it was developed at the same time as the largest commercialaircraft in history the Airbus A3XX (later renamed Airbus A380) First called A319M5 in as early as March

1995 it was shorter by 079-metre (2 ft 7 in) ahead of the wing and 16 metres (5 ft 3 in) behind[64]

These cuts reduced passenger capacity from 124 on the A319 to 107 passengers in a two-class layout[65]

Range was 5700 kilometres (3100 nmi) or 5950 kilometres (3210 nmi) with upcoming sharklets[65]

The 107-seater was launched on 26 April 1999 with the options and orders count at 109 aircraft[64] After

three years of design the maiden flight took place at Hamburg on 15 January 2002[66] Tests on the lead

engine the Pratt amp Whitney PW6000 revealed worse-than-expected fuel consumption[67] ConsequentlyPratt amp Whitney abandoned the five-stage high pressure compressor (HPC) for the MTU-designed six-stageHPC The 129 order book for the A318 shrunk to 80 largely because of switches to other A320 family

members[67] After 17 months of flight certification during which 850 hours and 350 flights were

accumulated JAA certification was obtained for the CFM56-powered variant on 23 May 2003[67] On 22

July 2003 first delivery for launch customer Frontier Airlines occurred[68] entering service before the end of the month

A320 Enhanced

A320 Enhanced (or A320E) is the working title for a series of improvements to the A320 family Theimprovements include engine improvements aerodynamic refinements such as adding large curved

winglets (Sharklets) weight savings and a new cabin[69]

In 2006 Airbus tested three styles of winglet intended to counteract the wingrsquos induced drag and wingtipvortices more effectively than the previous wingtip fence The first design type to be tested was developedby Airbus and was based on work done by the AWIATOR programme The second type of wingletincorporated a more blended design and was designed by Winglet Technology LLC a company based inWichita Kansas Two aircraft were used in the flight test evaluation campaign ndash the prototype A320 whichhave been retained by Airbus for testing and a new build aircraft which was fitted with both types ofwinglets before it was delivered to JetBlue Airways

Despite the anticipated efficiency gains and development work Airbus announced that the new winglets will not be offered to customers

claiming that the weight of the modifications required would negate any aerodynamic benefits[70] Instead on 17 December 2008 Airbusannounced it was to begin flight testing an existing blended winglet design developed by Aviation Partners as part of an A320

modernisation programme using the prototype A320[71]

On 15 November 2009 Airbus announced future additions of Sharklets[72] to A320s commencing in 2012

with launch customer Air New Zealand[73] These Airbus winglets which are 24 metres (7 ft 10 in) tall and

weigh 200 kilograms (440 lb)[74] would reduce fuel burn by 35 and offer increases in payload of 500

kilograms (1100 lb) or range by 100 nautical miles (190 km) at the original payload[75] This corresponds

to an annual CO2 reduction of around 700 tonnes per aircraft[72] saving operators US$220000 per aircraft

per year[76] The Sharklets are to be manufactured and distributed by Korean Airlines Aerospace Div[77]

The cabin was fitted to more than 600 aircraft (as of March 2009) since 2007 Airbus claims it offers betterluggage storage and a quieter cabin packaged with a more modern look and feel Additionally improvedcabin efficiency by a new galley concept reduced weight improved ergonomics and food hygiene and

recycling requirements[78] LED ambience lighting is optionally available Anytime LEDs are used for the

Passenger Service Unit (PSU)[79] and passengers can get information with touchscreen displays[80] Older

A320 series aircraft can be updated[81]

New Engine Option

Main article Airbus A320neo family

Airbus is working on offering a new engine for the A320 known as the new engine option (neo)[82][83][84] The choice for new engines

include the CFM International LEAP-X and the Pratt amp Whitney PW1100G[82] Though the new engines will burn 16 less fuel the actualfuel gain on an A320 installation will be slightly less since 1ndash2 is typically lost upon installation on an existing aircraft This means an

additional range of 950 km (510 nmi) or 2 t (4400 lb) of extra payload[85] The A320neo will also include some modifications to the wing

mainly the installation of blended winglets called Sharklets[86]

Airbus CEO said to be comfortable with the projections of 20 lower maintenance cost for the Pratt amp Whitneys PW1000G family

compared with todays engines[82] Airbus is targeting 2016 for the first delivery and plans to deliver 4000 A320neo over 15 years Virgin

America became the launch customer with a firm order of 30 A320neo aircraft as a part of a 60 aircraft order on 17 January 2011[87] In

January 2011 IndiGo reached a tentative agreement with Airbus to order 150 A320neo aircraft along with 30 more A320s[88][89]

At the 2011 Paris Air Show Airbus announced firm orders from GECAS Scandinavian Airlines System TransAsia Airways



CGI representation of the future

Airbus A320neo

Planform view of an Iberia

A320 at takeoff

The Airbus A320 family was

the first commercial airliner to

feature a full glass cockpit and

digital fly-by-wire flight

control system The only

analogue instruments are the

RMI (backup ADI on earlier

models replaced by digital

ISIS on later models) and

brake pressure indicator

GoAir[90] along with major orders from Indian low-cost carrier IndiGo for 150 aircraft[91] andMalaysian low-cost carrier AirAsia for 200 A320neo the largest commercial aviation order at the

time[92] In total the A320neo received a combined 667 commitments worth US$609 billion[93]

American Airlines ordered 130 A320neo on 20 July 2011 which would cause the airline to ceasehaving an all-Boeing fleet By the end of 2011 Airbus had received 1196 firm orders for the A320neo

family making it the fastest selling commercial aircraft in history[6]

Design

The Airbus A320 family are narrow-body (single-aisle) aircraft with a retractable tricycle landing gear andare powered by two wing pylon-mounted turbofan engines

Airframe

The Airbus A320 family are low-wing cantilever monoplanes with a conventional tail unit with a singlevertical stabilizer and rudder Wing swept back at 25 degrees optimised for maximum operating Mach

number 082[47] built by British Aerospace (BAe) Compared to other airliners of the same class the A320features a wider single-aisle cabin of 1555 inches (395 m) outside diameter compared to 148 inches(38 m) of the Boeing 737 and 1316 inches (334 m) of the Boeing 717 and larger overhead bins Inaddition the aircraft has a cargo hold equipped with large doors to assist in expedient loading and

unloading of goods[citation needed]

The Airbus A320 is the first narrow body airliner to use a significant amount of the structure made from composite material Its tail

assembly made almost entirely of such material by CASA[94] who also builds the elevators main landing gear doors and rear fuselage

parts[94]

Flight deck and avionics

The A320 was the first civil airliner to include a full digital fly-by-wire flight control system Its design alsoincluded a full glass cockpit rather than the hybrid versions found in previous airliners Digital head-up

displays are available[95]

The A320s flight deck is equipped with Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS) with side-stickcontrollers At the time of the aircrafts introduction the behaviour of the fly-by-wire system (equipped withfull flight envelope protection) was a new experience for many pilots The A320 features an ElectronicCentralised Aircraft Monitor (ECAM) which gives the flight crew information about all the systems of theaircraft With the exception of the very earliest A320s most can be upgraded to the latest avionics

standards keeping the aircraft advanced even after two decades in service[citation needed]

Early A320 planes used the Intel 80186 and Motorola 68010[96] in 1988 Intel 80286 family CPUs Theflight management computer contained six CPUs running in three logical pairs with 25 megabytes of

memory[97]

Newer Airbus feature LCD (liquid crystal display) units in the flight deck of its A318 A319 A320 and A321flight decks instead of the original CRT (cathode ray tube) displays These include the main displays andthe backup artificial horizon which was an analogue display prior to this LCDs weigh less and produce less

heat than CRT displays[citation needed]

Engines

Three suppliers provide turbofan engines for the A320 series CFM International with their CFM56 International Aero Engines offering the

V2500 and Pratt amp Whitney whose PW6000 engines are only available for the A318 variant[98]

Operational history

The Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA) issued the type certificate for the A320 on 26 February 1988 After entering the market in March 1988with Air France and Ansett the former Australian domestic airline Airbus then expanded the A320 family rapidly launching the 185-seatA321 in 1989 and first delivered it in 1994 launching the 124-seat A319 in 1993 and delivering it in 1996 and launching the 107-seat

A318 in 1999 with first deliveries in 2003[99]

Competition

The A320 family was developed to compete against the Boeing 737 Classics (minus300-400-500) and the McDonnell Douglas MD-8090



A319 left wing during

landing S7 Airlines Moscow-

Pavlodar

British Airways Airbus A321

takes off from Manchester

Airport

Airbus A320 variants

ICAO code[105] Model(s)

A318 A318

A319 A319

A320 A320

A321 A321

series and has since faced challenges from the Boeing 737 Next Generation (minus600-700-800-900) andthe Boeing 717 during its two decades in service As of 2010 as well as the Boeing 737 the A320 familyfaces competition from Embraers E-195 (to the A318) and the CSeries being developed by

Bombardier[100] to the A318A319

Airbus has shipped 5307 A320 series aircraft since their certificationfirst delivery in early 1988 with

another 3321 on firm order (as of 31 October 2012)[1] In comparison Boeing has shipped 7352 737ssince late 1967 with 5846 of those deliveries since March 1988 and has a further 2953 on firm order (as

of 31 October 2012)[101] Based on figures since 1988 when they first entered direct competition Airbusdelivered on average 215 A320 series aircraft per annum while on average 237 Boeing 737s were

delivered[citation needed]

Airbus A320

Boeing 737[citation needed]

Replacement airliner

Airbus was studying a future replacement for the A320 series tentatively dubbed NSR for New Short-Range aircraft[102] The follow-onaircraft to replace the A320 was named A30X Airbus North America President Barry Eccleston states that the earliest the aircraft could be

available is 2017[103] In January 2010 John Leahy Airbuss Chief Operating Officer Customers stated that any all new single-aisle aircraft

is unlikely to be constructed before 20242025[104]

Variants

Overview

The baseline A320 has given rise to a family of aircraft which share a common design but with passenger

capacity ranges from 100 on the A318[65] to 220 on the A321[48] They compete with the Boeing 737 757ndash200 and 717 Because the four variants share the same flight deck all have the same pilot type rating Todayall variants are available as corporate jets US Airways is the largest airline operator of A320 family of aircraft in

North America with 232 as of January 2011[1]

Technically the name A320 only refers to the original mid-sized aircraft but it is often informally used toindicate any of the A318A319A320A321 family All variants are able to be ETOPS (Extended-range Twin-engine Operational Performance Standards) certified

A320

The A320 series has two variants the A320-100 and A320-200 Only 21 A320-100s were ever produced[35] these aircraft the first to bemanufactured were delivered only to Air Inter (later acquired by Air France) and British Airways (as a result of an order from BritishCaledonian Airways made prior to its acquisition by British Airways) The A320-200 features wingtip fences and increased fuel capacity overthe A320-100 resulting in increased range otherwise differences are minimal Indian Airlines used their first 31 A320-200s with double-bogie main landing gear for airfields with poor runway condition which a single-bogey main gear couldnt manage Typical range with 150passengers for the A320-200 is about 3300 nautical miles (6150 km) It is powered by two CFMI CFM56-5s or IAE V2500s with thrust

ratings between 113 to 120 kN (25400 to 27000 lbf) The lowest speed an A320 can fly is approximately 207 kmh[106]



Air France was the launch

customer of the Airbus A320

A Royal Jordanian Airlines

A321-200 landing at LHR

British Airways A319

A total of 2860 of the A320 model have been delivered with 2752 still on orders as of 31 December

2011[107] The direct Boeing competitor is the 737-800

A321

The Airbus A321 is a stretched first derivative of the standard A320 The variant was launched in 1988[35]

when the A320 began operations Compared with the A320 the A321s major change is the stretchedfuselage which is lengthened by 694 metres (22 ft 9 in) which makes the A321 the largest among the

A320 Family[47][48] This is achieved by adding a front plug immediately forward of wing 427 m

(14 ft 0 in) and a 267 m (8 ft 9 in) rear plug[108] To maintain performance double-slotted flaps were

included in addition to increasing the wing area by 4 m2 (43 sq ft) to 128 m2 (1380 sq ft)[46] Otherminor modifications were made to accommodate the A321s 9600 kg (21200 lb) increase in maximum

takeoff weight taking the MTOW to 83000 kg (183000 lb)[45] The maiden flight of the first of two

prototypes came on 11 March 1993[49] The A321 entered service in 1994

The basic A321-100 features a reduction in range compared to the A320 as extra fuel tankage was notadded to the initial design to compensate for the extra weight To overcome this Airbus launched theheavier and longer range A321-200 development in 1995 which has a full-passenger transcontinental USrange This is achieved through higher thrust engines (V2533-A5 or CFM56-5B3) minor structuralstrengthening and greater fuel capacity with the installation of one 26600 L (7000 US gal) in the rear

underfloor hold or two 29684 L (7842 US gal) tanks[109] The A321-200 first flew in December 1996 Itsdirect competitor is the 757-200 and the 737-900900ER

A319

The A319 is a shortened minimum-change version of the A320 Also known as the A320M-7 (A320 minus

seven frames) it is 373 metres (12 ft 3 in) shorter than the A320[47][54][55] four frames fore of the wingand three frames aft of the wing were removed This allows the number of emergency exits to be reducedto six With virtually the same fuel capacity as the A320-200 and fewer passengers the range with 124passengers in a two-class configuration extends to 6650 km (3590 nmi) or 6850 km (3700 nmi) with

the Sharklets[55] Four propulsion options available on the A319 are the 23040-pound-force (1025 kN)V2522-A5 and 24800-pound-force (110 kN) V2527M-A5 from IAE or the 22000-pound-force (98 kN)

CFM56-5BA and 27000-pound-force (120 kN) CFM56-5B7[58] Although identical to those of the A320these engines are derated because of the A319s lower MTOW

The A319 was developed at the request of Steven Udvar-Hazy the former president and CEO of ILFC according to The New York

Times[110] The A319s launch customer in fact was ILFC which had placed an order for 6 A319s by 1993[57] Anticipating further ordersby Swissair and Alitalia Airbus decided to launch the programme on 10 June 1993 Final assembly of the first A319 began on 23 March

1995[111]

The A319 has proved popular with airlines specifically low-cost carriers (LCC) British LCC EasyJet purchased the A319 and A320 topartially replace and augment its Boeing 737 fleet

A319CJ

The A319CJ is the corporate jet version of the A319 It incorporates removable extra fuel tanks which are installed in the cargo

compartment and an increased service ceiling of 41000 feet (12000 m) [112] Range with 8 passengers payload and the standard four

auxiliary fuel tanks is 6000 nautical miles (11100 km)[113][114] Upon resale the aircraft can be reconfigured as a standard A319 byremoving its extra tanks and corporate cabin outfit thus maximising its resale value It is also known as the ACJ or Airbus Corporate JetProducer is Airbus Executive and Private Aviation it is a part of Airbus SAS an EADS company

The aircraft seats up to 39 passengers but may be outfitted by the customers into any configuration DC Aviation and Reliance Industriesare among its users The A319CJ competes with other corporate jets such as the Gulfstream V the Boeing 737ndash700-based Boeing BusinessJet (BBJ) and Bombardiers Global Express It is powered by the same engine types as the A320

The A319CJ is used by the Escadron de transport dentraicircnement et de calibrage which is in charge of transportation for Frances officialsand also by the Flugbereitschaft of the German Air Force for transportation of Germanys officials An ACJ serves as a presidential or official

aircraft of Armenia[115] Azerbaijan Brazil Bulgaria Czech Republic France Germany Italy Malaysia Thailand Turkey Ukraine andVenezuela

A318

Main article Airbus A318

The Airbus A318 is the smallest member of the Airbus A320 family The A318 carries up to 132 passengers and has a maximum range of

CFM56-5Bs engine on an

easyJet A319

3100 nmi (5700 km 3600 mi) The aircraft entered service in July 2003 with Frontier Airlines and sharesa common type rating with all other Airbus A320 family variants allowing existing A320 family pilots to flythe aircraft without the need for further training It is the largest commercial aircraft certified by theEuropean Aviation Safety Agency for steep approach operations allowing flights at airports such as LondonCity Airport Relative to other Airbus A320 family variants the A318 has sold in only small numbers withtotal orders for only 80 aircraft placed at 28 February 2011

Freighter

A programme to convert A320 and A321 aircraft into freighters is being set up by Airbus FreighterConversion GmbH Airframes will be converted by EADS EFW in Dresden Germany and Zhukovsky RussiaThe launch customer AerCap signed a firm contract on 16 July 2008 to convert 30 of AerCaprsquos passenger A320A321s into A320A321P2F(passenger to freighter)

On 3 June 2011 however Airbus announced all partners would end the passenger to freighter programme citing high demand for used

airframes for passenger service[116]

Operators

See also List of Airbus A320 operators

Orders and deliveries

See also List of Airbus A320 orders

Orders Deliveries

Type Total Backlog Total 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994

A318 81 3 78 2 2 2 6 13 17 8 9 10 9

A319 1520 172 1348 29 47 51 88 98 105 137 142 87 72 85 89 112 88 53 47 18

A320 5794 2665 3129 269 306 297 221 209 194 164 121 101 119 116 119 101 101 80 58 38 34 48

A321 1233 481 752 60 66 51 87 66 51 30 17 35 33 35 49 28 33 35 22 16 22 16

Total 8628 3321 5307 360 421 401 402 386 367 339 289 233 233 236 257 241 222 168 127 72 56 64

Data through end of October 2012 Updated on 12 November 2012[1]

Accidents and incidents

For the entire A320 family there have been 59 aviation occurrences including 23 hull-loss accidents with a total of 789 fatalities as of April

2012[117][118][119][120][121] There have been 50 incidents of glass cockpit blackout[122][123][124]

A319

On 12 August 2010 Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 75 A319-111 4K-AZ04 suffered a collapse of the undercarriage when the aircraft

departed the runway on landing at Atatuumlrk International Airport Istanbul Turkey The aircraft was substantially damaged but all 127

passengers and crew escaped unharmed[125]

On 24 September 2010 Wind Jet Flight 243 A319-132 EI-EDM landed short of the runway and broke an undercarriage when the

aircraft attempted landing at Palermo Airport Italy Preliminary reports name windshear as one possible cause for the accident The

aircraft was seriously damaged but stopped in the grass out of the runway About 20 passengers were injured[126]

A320

On 26 June 1988 Air France Flight 296 an A320-111 crashed into the tops of trees beyond the runway on a demonstration flight at

Mulhouse-Habsheim Airport France Three passengers were killed

On 14 February 1990 Indian Airlines Flight 605 an A320-231 carrying 146 people crashed on its final approach to the HAL Airport



US Airways Flight 1549

ditched in the Hudson River in

2009 with all passengers

surviving

Bangalore 88 passengers and four crew members were killed[127]

On 20 January 1992 Air Inter Flight 148 an A320-111 crashed into a high ridge near Mount Sainte-Odile in the Vosges mountains

while on final approach to Strasbourg at the end of a scheduled flight from Lyon This accident resulted in the deaths of 87 of the

aircrafts occupants (five crew members 82 passengers)

On 14 September 1993 Lufthansa Flight 2904 an A320-211 coming from Frankfurt am Main with 70 people crashed into an earth

wall at the end of the runway at Warsaw A fire started in the left wing area and penetrated into the passenger cabin The copilot and

a passenger died

On 22 March 1998 Philippine Airlines Flight 137 an A320-214 crashed and overran the runway of Bacolod City Domestic Airport

RPVB in Bacolod Philippines plowing through homes near it None of the passengers or crew died but many were injured and three

on the ground were killed

On 23 August 2000 Gulf Air Flight 072 an A320-212 crashed into the Persian Gulf on approach to Bahrain Airport All 143 passengers

and crew on board lost their lives

On 1 July 2002 America West Airlines Flight 794 an A320-231 the pilot failed to maintain directional control during landing at

Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport causing the aircraft to veer off the side of the runway onto a dirt infield and the nose gear

strut collapsed There were 10 reported injuries and no fatalities[citation needed]

On 21 September 2005 JetBlue Airways Flight 292 an A320-232 executed an emergency landing at Los Angeles International Airport

(LAX) after the nose wheels jammed in an abnormal position No one was injured

On 3 May 2006 Armavia Flight 967 an A320-211 crashed into the Black Sea while attempting to conduct a go-around following its

first approach to Sochi Airport Russia All 113 passengers and crew on board lost their lives The accident was a Pilot error

Controlled flight into terrain accident[128]

On 17 July 2007 TAM Airlines Flight 3054 an A320-233 was not able to stop while landing at Congonhas International Airport in Satildeo

Paulo Brazil As of 2009 the accident was caused by pilot error (by positioning the throttle out of the idle position) and by bad

weather All 187 passengers and crew died with 12 fatalities on the ground totalling 199 people[129]

On 30 May 2008 TACA Flight 390 an A320-233 from San Salvador overran the runway after landing at Toncontiacuten International

Airport in Tegucigalpa Honduras in bad weather conditions There were at least five fatalities[130]

On 27 November 2008 XL Airways Germany A320 Flight 888T a check flight of an A320-232 stalled in a low speed test and control

could not be regained causing the aircraft to crash into the sea off the southern French coast The aircraft was on lease by XL Airways

and scheduled to be returned to Air New Zealand All seven people aboard died[131][132][133]

On 15 January 2009 US Airways Flight 1549 an A320-214 en route from New York City LaGuardia

Airport to Charlotte North Carolina ditched into the Hudson River several minutes after takeoff All

150 passengers and five crew survived with only five serious injuries The accident was due to a

collision with a flock of Canada geese which disabled both engines[134] The entire airframe including

the wings has been preserved at the Carolinas Aviation Museum It is now on display

On 29 August 2011 Gulf Air Flight GF 270 an A320 from Bahrain to Cochin carrying 143 people

skidded off the runway on landing[135] The weather was poor with heavy rain and strong winds The

aircraft was badly damaged and seven passengers were injured Some people were reported to have

jumped from an emergency exit when the evacuation slide failed to deploy[136][137]

On 20 September 2012 Syrian Air Flight RB-501 an A320-200 collided in mid-air with a military

helicopter The A320 lost half its vertical stabilizer but landed safely the helicopter crashed killing

three of its occupants[citation needed]

A321

On 21 March 2003 TransAsia Airways Flight 543 an Airbus A321 (B-22603) on a flight from Taipei Songshan Airport landed at

Tainan Airport and collided with a truck on the runway The truck went on the runway without noticing the incoming plane The 175

passengers and crew were uninjured but the two people in the truck were injured The aircraft was severely damaged in the accident

and was written off[138]

On 28 July 2010 Airblue Flight 202 an Airbus A321 flying from Karachi to Islamabad crashed in Margalla Hills in Islamabad Pakistan

The weather was poor with low visibility The aircraft collided with terrain after the crew ignored cockpit warnings to pull-up 146

passengers and six crew were on board the aircraft There were no survivors [139] The commander Pervez Iqbal Chaudry was one of

Airblues most senior pilots with more than 35 years experience




On 16 June 2011 Asiana Airlines Flight 324 operated by Airbus A321-200 HL7763 between Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport

China and Incheon International Airport South Korea was fired upon by two soldiers of the South Korean Army as it came in to land

at Incheon A total of 99 rounds were discharged at the aircraft which was out of range and made a safe landing without sustaining

any damage The soldiers had misidentified the aircraft as belonging to the North Korean military and were acting on orders that gave

them permission to engage without reference to senior officers following the Bombardment of Yeonpyeong in November 2010[140]

Specifications

Airbus A320 family

A318-100A319-100 A319LR

A319CJA320-200 A321-200

Cockpit crew Two

Seating capacity

132 (1-class maximum)

117 (1-class typical)





180 (1-class

maximum)

164 (1-class

typical)

150 (2-class

typical)




Seat Pitch

29 in (74 cm) amp 30 in (76 cm)

(1-class maximum)

32 in (81 cm) (1-class typical)

38 in (97 cm) amp 32 in (81 cm)

(2-class typical)

28 in (71 cm) amp 30 in (76 cm)

(1-class maximum)


36 in (91 cm) amp 32 in (81 cm)

(2-class typical)

28 in (71 cm) amp 29 in (74 cm) (1-class maximum)


36 in (91 cm) amp 32 in (81 cm) (2-class typical)

Cargo capacity 2121 m3 (749 cu ft)2762 m3 (975 cu ft)

4times LD3-46

3741 m3

(1321 cu ft)

7times LD3-46

5173 m3 (1827 cu ft)

10times LD3-46

Length 3144 m (103 ft 2 in) 3384 m (111 ft 0 in)3757 m

(123 ft 3 in)4451 m (146 ft 0 in)

Wingspan 3410 m (111 ft 11 in)

Wing area 1226 m2 (1320 sq ft)

Wing sweepback 25 degrees

Tail height 1251 m (41 ft 1 in) 1176 m (38 ft 7 in)

Cabin width 370 m (12 ft 2 in)

Fuselage width 395 m (13 ft 0 in)

Fuselage height 414 m (13 ft 7 in)

Operating empty weight 39500 kg (87000 lb) 40800 kg (90000 lb)42600 kg

(94000 lb)48500 kg (107000 lb)

Maximum zero-fuel

weight (MZFW)54500 kg (120000 lb) 58500 kg (129000 lb)

62500 kg

(138000 lb)73800 kg (163000 lb)

Maximum take-off

weight (MTOW)68 t (150000 lb) 755 t (166000 lb) 78 t (170000 lb) 935 t (206000 lb)

Cruising speed Mach 078 (828 kmh511 mph at 11000 m36000 ft)

Maximum speed Mach 082 (871 kmh537 mph at 11000 m36000 ft)

Maximum range fully3100 nmi (5700 km 3600 mi)

3600 nmi (6700 km 4100 mi)

LR 5600 nmi (10400 km

6400 mi)

3200 nmi

(5900 km3000 nmi (5600 km



Aer Lingus A320-200 at

Belfast International Airport

loaded CJ 6500 nmi (12000 km

7500 mi)

3700 mi) 3500 mi)

Take off run at MTOW

(sea level ISA)1828 m (5997 ft) 2164 m (7100 ft) 2090 m (6860 ft) 2560 m (8400 ft)

Maximum fuel capacity24210 L (5330 imp gal

6400 US gal)

24210 L (5330 imp gal 6400 US gal) standard

30190 L (6640 imp gal 7980 US gal) optional

24050 L (5290 imp gal

6350 US gal) standard

30030 L (6610 imp gal

7930 US gal) optional

Service ceiling12000 m (39000 ft)

A319 CJ 12500 m (41000 ft)

Engines (times2)CFM International CFM56-5 series

Pratt amp Whitney PW6000 series IAE V2500 series

Thrust (times2) 96ndash106 kN (22000ndash24000 lbf) 98ndash120 kN (22000ndash27000 lbf)111ndash120 kN

(25000ndash27000 lbf)

133ndash147 kN (30000ndash33000

lbf)

Source Airbus[47][48][55][65][141][112] Airlinersnet[142][143][144][145] Pratt amp Whitney[146]

Engines



Aircraft Model Certification Date Engines[147]

A318-111 23 May 2003 CFM56-5B8P

A318-112 23 May 2003 CFM56-5B9P

A318-121 21 December 2005 PW6122A

A318-122 21 December 2005 PW6124A

A319-111 10 April 1996 CFM56-5B5 or 5B5P

A319-112 10 April 1996 CFM56-5B6 or 5B6P or 5B62P

A319-113 31 May 1996 CFM56-5A4 or 5A4F

A319-114 31 May 1996 CFM56-5A5 or 5A5F

A319-115 30 July 1999 CFM56-5B7 or 5B7P

A319-131 18 December 1996 IAE Model V2522-A5


A319-133 30 July 1999 IAE Model V2527M-A5

A320-111 26 February 1988 CFM56-5A1 or 5A1F

A320-211 8 November 1988 CFM56-5A1 or 5A1F

A320-212 20 November 1990 CFM56-5A3

A320-214 10 March 1995 CFM56-5B4 or 5B4P or 5B42P

A320-216 14 June 2006 CFM56-5B6

A320-231 20 April 1989 IAE Model V2500-A1

A320-232 28 September 1993 IAE Model V2527-A5

A320-233 12 June 1996 IAE Model V2527E-A5

A321-111 27 May 1995 CFM56-5B1 or 5B1P or 5B12P

A321-112 15 February 1995 CFM56-5B2 or 5B2P



A321-212 31 August 2001 CFM56-5B1 or 5B1P or 5B12P

A321-213 31 August 2001 CFM56-5B2 or 5B2P

A321-231 20 March 1997 IAE Model V2533-A5

A321-232 31 August 2001 IAE Model V2530-A5

See also

Competition between Airbus and Boeing

Aircraft of comparable role configuration and era

Boeing 737

Boeing 757ndash200

Boeing 717

Bombardier CSeries

Embraer 195

McDonnell Douglas MD-80




Tupolev Tu-204

Related lists

List of aircraft

List of airlines

Footnotes

References

1 ^ a b c d e f Airbus orders and deliveries (httpwwwairbuscomfileadminbackstageorders_deliveries_tableAirbus-_OAD_-_2012Octxls)

(Microsoft Excel) Airbus SAS 31 October 2012 httpwwwairbuscomfileadminbackstageorders_deliveries_tableAirbus-_OAD_-_2012Octxls

Retrieved 12 November 2012

2 ^ a b c d Airbus aircraft 2011 average list prices (httpwwwairbuscompresscentrecorporate-informationkey-documents

eID=dam_frontend_pushampdocID=14849) (PDF) Airbus SAS httpwwwairbuscompresscentrecorporate-informationkey-documents

eID=dam_frontend_pushampdocID=14849 Retrieved 1 February 2011

3 ^ Airbus Aircraft Families (httpwwwairbuscomaircraftfamiliespassengeraircrafta320family)

httpwwwairbuscomaircraftfamiliespassengeraircrafta320family Retrieved 1 March 2011

4 ^ Airbus Airbus and Mobile Alabama Continuing a successful relationship (httpwwwairbuscomnewseventsnews-events-singledetailairbus-

and-mobile-alabama-continuing-a-successful-relationship) httpwwwairbuscomnewseventsnews-events-singledetailairbus-and-mobile-

alabama-continuing-a-successful-relationship Retrieved 15 July 2012

5 ^ Airbus offers new fuel saving engine options for A320 Family (httpwwwairbuscompresscentrepressreleasespress-release-detaildetailairbus-

offers-new-fuel-saving-engine-options-for-a320-family) Airbus 1 December 2010 httpwwwairbuscompresscentrepressreleasespress-release-

detaildetailairbus-offers-new-fuel-saving-engine-options-for-a320-family Retrieved 31 December 2011

6 ^ a b Airbus wins 211 orders and commitments worth US$205 billion (httpwwwairbuscompresscentrepressreleasespress-release-

detaildetailairbus-wins-211-orders-and-commitments-worth-us205-billion) Airbus 16 November 2011

httpwwwairbuscompresscentrepressreleasespress-release-detaildetailairbus-wins-211-orders-and-commitments-worth-us205-billion Retrieved

31 December 2011

7 ^ Airbus A320 Family passes the 5000th order mark

(httpwwwairbuscomenpresscentrepressreleasespressreleaseS_items07_01_25_5000th_A320_ENhtml) Airbus

8 ^ Airbus steals the Paris air show (httpwwwhellocompanyorgentryairbus-steals-the-paris-air-show) Hellocompanyorg 19 June 2007

Archived (httpwebarchiveorgweb20110726144716httpwwwhellocompanyorgentryairbus-steals-the-paris-air-show) from the original on

26 July 2011 httpwwwhellocompanyorgentryairbus-steals-the-paris-air-show Retrieved 26 June 2011

9 ^ Wensveen 2007 p 63

10 ^ Gunston 2009

11 ^ Norris amp Wagner 2001 p 18

12 ^ a b c d e f g h i j A320 family (httpwwwflightglobalcompdfarchiveview1997199720-202904html) Flight International 1997

httpwwwflightglobalcompdfarchiveview1997199720-202904html Retrieved 17 February 2011



15 ^ Hawker Siddeley Trident (httpwwwcentury-of-flightnetAviation20historycoming20of20ageHawker-Siddeley20Tridenthtm)

Century of Flight httpwwwcentury-of-flightnetAviation20historycoming20of20ageHawker-Siddeley20Tridenthtm Retrieved 7 January

2010

16 ^ Payne R Stuck on the Drawing Board Tempus 2004

17 ^ Aris 2002 p 119


19 ^ a b c d e Norris amp Wagner 1999 p 44

20 ^ Aris 2002 p 120

21 ^ a b c d Eden 2008 p 23

22 ^ a b c Norris amp Wagner 1999 p 45

23 ^ Norris amp Wagner 1999 pp 45ndash46


25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122



25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122

26 ^ V2500 (httpwwwi-a-ecommediafactspdf) International Aero Engines httpwwwi-a-ecommediafactspdf Retrieved 18 February 2011

27 ^ Gunston 2009 p 167

28 ^ a b c d e Aris 2002 p 123

29 ^ Aris 2002 p 124

30 ^ Aris 2002 p 126

31 ^ a b Timeline 40 Years of Innovation

(httpwwwairbuscomfileadminmedia_galleryfilespress_centrepresskits_backgroundersAirbus_40_years_of_innovation_-

_timeline_illustratedpdf) (PDF) Airbus

httpwwwairbuscomfileadminmedia_galleryfilespress_centrepresskits_backgroundersAirbus_40_years_of_innovation_-

_timeline_illustratedpdf

32 ^ a b Norris amp Wagner 1999 p 48



35 ^ a b c d e f g h Norris amp Wagner 1999 p 50

36 ^ a b Eden 2008 p 22

37 ^ Reed 1992 p 86

38 ^ a b c d e Reed 1992 p 84

39 ^ Accident description (httpaviation-safetynetdatabaserecordphpid=19900214-2) at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 19 February

2011

40 ^ Economy catches up with Airbus Wall Street Journal 20 February 2009 p B3

41 ^ Airbus baut erstmals den A320 in Hamburg (httpwwwabendblattdewirtschaftarticle526681Airbus-baut-erstmals-den-A320-in-

Hamburghtml) (in German) Hamburger Abendblatt 26 March 2008 httpwwwabendblattdewirtschaftarticle526681Airbus-baut-erstmals-den-

A320-in-Hamburghtml Retrieved 7 June 2011

42 ^ Airbus signs framework agreement with Chinese consortium on A320 Final Assembly Line in China

(httpwwwairbuscomenpresscentrepressreleasespressreleases_items06_10_26_agreement_A320_FAL_Chinahtml) Airbus SAS 26 October

2006 httpwwwairbuscomenpresscentrepressreleasespressreleases_items06_10_26_agreement_A320_FAL_Chinahtml

43 ^ Laming amp Hewton 2000 p 23

44 ^ Reed 1992 p 84

45 ^ a b c d Norris amp Wagner 1999 p 51

46 ^ a b A321 DESCRIBED (httpwwwflightglobalcompdfarchiveview1993199320-200507html) Flight International 17 March 1993


47 ^ a b c d e f Specifications Airbus A320 (httpwwwairbuscomaircraftfamiliespassengeraircrafta320familya320specifications) Airbus

httpwwwairbuscomaircraftfamiliespassengeraircrafta320familya320specifications Retrieved 13 February 2012

48 ^ a b c d Specifications Airbus A321 (httpwwwairbuscomaircraftfamiliespassengeraircrafta320familya321specifications) Airbus


49 ^ a b c d e f Eden 2008 p 25

50 ^ Sebdon Gilbert (7 February 1990) A321 victory for West Germany (httpwwwflightglobalcompdfarchiveview1990199020-

200274html) Flight International httpwwwflightglobalcompdfarchiveview1990199020-200274html Retrieved 24 February 2011



53 ^ Eden 2008 p 26

54 ^ a b c d Meeting demands (httpwwwflightglobalcompdfarchiveview1995199520-202575html) Flight International 30 August 1995




56 ^ Henlty Peter A319 flight test (httpwwwflightglobalcompdfarchiveview1997199720-202909html) Flight International



58 ^ a b Gunston 2009 p 216

59 ^ Eden 2008 p 27



62 ^ a b c d e Time out in Asia (httpwwwflightglobalcompdfarchiveview1997199720-203026html) Flight International 5 November

1997 p 39 httpwwwflightglobalcompdfarchiveview1997199720-203026html Retrieved 26 February 2011


64 ^ a b c Gunston 2009 p 222






66 ^ Flights that made Airbusrsquo history (httpeventsairbuscoma380seeinglearnandplayhistoryaspa318) Eventsairbuscom

httpeventsairbuscoma380seeinglearnandplayhistoryaspa318 Retrieved 1 March 2011

67 ^ a b c Kingsley-Jones Max (10ndash16 June 2003) The Minibus Arrives (httpwwwflightglobalcompdfarchiveview2003200320-

201445html) Flight International httpwwwflightglobalcompdfarchiveview2003200320-201445html Retrieved 1 March 2011

68 ^ Gunston 2009 p 223

69 ^ Airbus aims to thwart Boeingrsquos narrowbody plans with upgraded A320 Enhanced

(httpwwwflightglobalcomarticles20060620207273pictures-airbus-aims-to-thwart-boeings-narrowbody-plans-with-upgraded-a320html)

Flight International 20 June 2006 httpwwwflightglobalcomarticles20060620207273pictures-airbus-aims-to-thwart-boeings-narrowbody-

plans-with-upgraded-a320html

70 ^ Kingsley-Jones Max (10 October 2006) Airbus rethinks plan to put winglets on A320

(httpwwwflightglobalcomarticles20061010209738airbus-rethinks-plan-to-put-winglets-on-a320html) Flight International

httpwwwflightglobalcomarticles20061010209738airbus-rethinks-plan-to-put-winglets-on-a320html

71 ^ Airbus undertakes Blended-Winglet evaluation on A320 (httpwwwairbuscompresscentrepressreleasespress-release-detaildetailairbus-

undertakes-blended-winglet-evaluation-on-a320) Airbus 17 December 2008 httpwwwairbuscompresscentrepressreleasespress-release-

detaildetailairbus-undertakes-blended-winglet-evaluation-on-a320 Retrieved 7 June 2011

72 ^ a b Airbus launches new A320 Sharklet wingtips (httpwwwtheaustraliancomautravelnewsairbus-launches-new-a320-sharklet-

wingtipsstory-e6frg8ro-1225798047478) The Australian 16 November 2009 httpwwwtheaustraliancomautravelnewsairbus-launches-new-

a320-sharklet-wingtipsstory-e6frg8ro-1225798047478 Retrieved 22 February 2011

73 ^ Airbus A320 to Get Sharklets Large Wingtip Devices by the End of 2012 (httpwwwdeagelcomnewsAirbus-A320-to-Get-Sharklets-Large-

Wingtip-Devices-by-the-End-of-2012_n000006814aspx) Deagelcom 15 November 2009 httpwwwdeagelcomnewsAirbus-A320-to-Get-

Sharklets-Large-Wingtip-Devices-by-the-End-of-2012_n000006814aspx Retrieved 22 February 2011

74 ^ Kingsley-Jones Max (15 November 2009) Dubai 09 A320rsquos sharklets to deliver 35 lower fuel burn from 2012

(httpwwwflightglobalcomarticles20091115334945dubai-09-a320s-sharklets-to-deliver-35-lower-fuel-burn-fromhtml) Flight International

httpwwwflightglobalcomarticles20091115334945dubai-09-a320s-sharklets-to-deliver-35-lower-fuel-burn-fromhtml Retrieved 22 February

2011

75 ^ Airbus to introduce Sharklets on the Air New Zealand A320s in end 2012 (httpwwwbangaloreaviationcom200911airbus-to-introduce-

sharklets-on-airhtml) Bangalore Aviation 17 November 2009 httpwwwbangaloreaviationcom200911airbus-to-introduce-sharklets-on-

airhtml Retrieved 22 February 2011

76 ^ Irish John (15 November 2009) Airbus says wingtip change to save fuel (httpukreuterscomarticle20091115btscenes-us-airbus-wingtip-

idUKTRE5AE0VD20091115) Reuters httpukreuterscomarticle20091115btscenes-us-airbus-wingtip-idUKTRE5AE0VD20091115 Retrieved 22

February 2011

77 ^ Korean Air Aerospace to manufacture and distribute Sharklets (httpwwwairbuscomenpresscentrepressreleasespress-release

tx_ttnews5Btt_news5D=3882amptx_ttnews5BbackPid5D=768ampcHash=d409e85236) Airbus 31 May 2010

httpwwwairbuscomenpresscentrepressreleasespress-release

tx_ttnews5Btt_news5D=3882amptx_ttnews5BbackPid5D=768ampcHash=d409e85236 Retrieved 2 June 2010

78 ^ Airbus drives cabin efficiency at Aircraft Interiors Expo

(httpwwwairbuscomenpresscentrepressreleasespressreleases_items09_03_30_aircraft_interior_expo_hamburghtml) Airbus

79 ^ Airbus A320 overhead LED lights (httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=a3NgXk4I3wQ) Youtube video (requires Flash plugin)

80 ^ Enhanced Fap ndash Airbus 320 touchscreen display (httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=IW8ql_3NUjg) Youtube video (requires Flash plugin)

81 ^ Condor launch the A320 Enhanced Cabin Retrofit programme (httpwwwairbuscomeventsbourget2009newsnews-

singlebrowse3back10articlecondor-launch-the-a320-enhanced-cabin-retrofit-programmehtml) Airbus

82 ^ a b c A320 NEO to have $7ndash8 million price premium (httpwwwflightglobalcomarticles20100823346349a320-neo-to-have-7-8-million-

price-premiumhtml) Flightglobal

83 ^ SINGAPORE 2010 Airbus targets early A320 re-engining decision 2015 debut

(httpwwwflightglobalcomarticles20100204338026singapore-2010-airbus-targets-early-a320-re-engining-decision-2015html) Flightglobal

84 ^ Airbus to Deploy Superjumbo Military Engineers for A320 NEO (httpwwwbloombergcomnews2010-12-01airbus-to-deploy-superjumbo-

military-engineers-for-a320-neohtml) Bloomberg

85 ^ TAM becomes first A320neo customer in Latin America | INTERNATIONAL AVIATION NEWS (httpwwwaviationnewseu20110228tam-

becomes-first-a320neo-customer-in-latin-america) Aviationnewseu 28 February 2011 Archived

(httpwebarchiveorgweb20110720153302httpwwwaviationnewseu20110228tam-becomes-first-a320neo-customer-in-latin-america) from

the original on 20 July 2011 httpwwwaviationnewseu20110228tam-becomes-first-a320neo-customer-in-latin-america Retrieved 26 June

2011

86 ^ Airbus A320 Aircraft family (httpwwwairbuscomaircraftfamiliespassengeraircrafta320family) Airbuscom 25 June 2011 Archived

(httpwebarchiveorgweb20110704055351httpwwwairbuscomaircraftfamiliespassengeraircrafta320family) from the original on 4 July

2011 httpwwwairbuscomaircraftfamiliespassengeraircrafta320family Retrieved 26 June 2011




87 ^ [1] (httpwwwvirginamericacompress-release2011Virgin-America-Confirms-Order-for-60-New-Aircrafthtml) Virgin America Press Release

88 ^ Wall Robert (12 January 2011) IndiGo Becomes First A320NEO Customer With Huge Order

(httpwwwaviationweekcomawgenericstory_channeljspchannel=mroampid=newsawx20110111awx_01_11_2011_p0-281684xml) Aviation

Week httpwwwaviationweekcomawgenericstory_channeljspchannel=mroampid=newsawx20110111awx_01_11_2011_p0-281684xml

Retrieved 9 June 2011

89 ^ Ranson Lori (11 January 2011) IndiGorsquos potential A320neo order heats up engine competition

(httpwwwflightglobalcomarticles20110111351745indigos-potential-a320neo-order-heats-up-engine-competitionhtml) Air Transport

Intelligence news via Flightglobalcom httpwwwflightglobalcomarticles20110111351745indigos-potential-a320neo-order-heats-up-engine-

competitionhtml Retrieved 9 June 2011

90 ^ Airbus secures 80 orders for A320NEO (httpeventairbuscomairshowsbourget2011) Airbus official website

91 ^ PARIS IndiGo firms A320 MOU (httpwwwflightglobalcomarticles20110622358660paris-indigo-firms-a320-mouhtml)

92 ^ Airbus gets biggest plane order ever to handily outpace Boeing in race to industryrsquos top spot (httpwwwwashingtonpostcombusinessairbus-

gets-biggest-plan-order-ever-from-air-asia-for-200-a320neo-aircraft20110623AGzV43gH_storyhtml) Washington Post 23 June 2011

93 ^ AIRBUS WITH NEW ORDER RECORD AT PARIS AIR SHOW 2011 (httpeventairbuscomairshowsbourget2011newsnews-

detailarticleairbus-with-new-order-record-at-paris-air-show-2011html) Eventairbuscom

httpeventairbuscomairshowsbourget2011newsnews-detailarticleairbus-with-new-order-record-at-paris-air-show-2011html Retrieved 17 May

2012


95 ^ DIGITAL HEAD-UP DISPLAY SYSTEM (httpswww1onlinethalesgroupcomcolAir_Transportfiche_bfed_hudshtml) Thales

96 ^ Section 42 Failure detection and redundancy of Briere D and Traverse P (1993) ldquoAirbus A320A330A340 Electrical Flight Controls A Family of

Fault-Tolerant Systems (httppersonalesupvesjuaruigateachingTFCMaterialTrabajosAIRBUSPDF) rdquo Proc FTCS pp 616ndash623

97 ^ FlightGlobal Archive [2] (httpwwwflightglobalcompdfarchiveview1988198820-200368html) and [3]

(httpwwwflightglobalcompdfarchiveview1988198820-200369html)

98 ^ PampW Main Website (httpwwwpwutccomproductscommercialpw6000asp) httpwwwpwutccomproductscommercialpw6000asp

99 ^ Aviation Week amp Space Technology 29 October 2007 p 63

100 ^ Maynard Micheline (14 July 2008) A New Bombardier Jet Draws Only Tepid Demand

(httpwwwnytimescom20080714businessworldbusiness14airhtml) New York Times

httpwwwnytimescom20080714businessworldbusiness14airhtml Retrieved 4 April 2010

101 ^ The Boeing Company ndash Orders and Deliveries (httpactiveboeingcomcommercialordersindexcfm

content=userdefinedselectioncfmamppageid=m15527) Boeing 31 October 2012 httpactiveboeingcomcommercialordersindexcfm

content=userdefinedselectioncfmamppageid=m15527 Retrieved 19 November 2012

102 ^ Norris Guy (7 February 2006) The 737 Story Smoke and mirrors obscure 737 and Airbus A320 replacement studies

(httpwwwflightglobalcomArticles20060207Navigation177204506THE+737+STORY+Smoke+and+mirrors+obscure+737+and+Airbus+A3

20+replacementhtml) Flight International

httpwwwflightglobalcomArticles20060207Navigation177204506THE+737+STORY+Smoke+and+mirrors+obscure+737+and+Airbus+A32

0+replacementhtml

103 ^ A3XX Isnt Coming Soon Aviation Week and Space Technology 5 November 2007 p 20

104 ^ Airbus sees lifespan of at least 10 years for re-engined A320 (httpwwwflightglobalcomarticles20100114337136airbus-sees-lifespan-of-at-

least-10-years-for-re-enginedhtml) Flight International 14 January 2010 httpwwwflightglobalcomarticles20100114337136airbus-sees-

lifespan-of-at-least-10-years-for-re-enginedhtml

105 ^ ICAO Document 8643 (httpwwwicaointanbais86438643_List2cfm) International Civil Aviation Organization

httpwwwicaointanbais86438643_List2cfm Retrieved 22 February 2011

106 ^ TV channel National Geographics Program Air Crash Investigation s9p3 ~30 min in

107 ^ A320 aircraft A320 range specifications (dimensions seating capacity performance) cabin

(httpwwwairbuscomaircraftfamiliespassengeraircrafta320familya320) Airbus December 2011

httpwwwairbuscomaircraftfamiliespassengeraircrafta320familya320 Retrieved 3 February 2012

108 ^ Gunston 2009 pp 213ndash214


110 ^ Wayne Leslie (10 May 2007) The Real Owner of All Those Planes (httpwwwnytimescom20070510business10flyboyhtml

pagewanted=2amp_r=1) The New York Times p 2 httpwwwnytimescom20070510business10flyboyhtmlpagewanted=2amp_r=1 Retrieved 4

March 2011

111 ^ Eden 2008 pp 26ndash27

112 ^ a b Aircraft Families ndash Airbus Executive and Private Aviation ndash ACJ Family

(httpstagev4airbuscomenaircraftfamiliesexecutive_aviationacj_family) Stagev4airbuscom

httpstagev4airbuscomenaircraftfamiliesexecutive_aviationacj_family Retrieved 9 July 2012

113 ^ ACJ Specifications (httpwwwairbuscomfileadminmedia_galleryfilestech_datajetFamilymedia_object_file_ACJ_Specificationspdf)

airbuscom



airbuscom

114 ^ ACJ Analysis Busssiness amp Commercial Aviation Magazine ndash July 2002 Page 44

115 ^ ndash Government of Armenia A319CJ (httpwwwairlinersnetphotoArmenia-GovernmentAirbus-A319-132-

CJ1702856ampsid=10ab84d6e153604fd2aae14b30e94974) Airlinersnet 11 April 2010 httpwwwairlinersnetphotoArmenia-

GovernmentAirbus-A319-132-CJ1702856ampsid=10ab84d6e153604fd2aae14b30e94974 Retrieved 9 July 2012

116 ^ Strong demand for used Airbus A320 aircraft drives joint decision to stop freighter conversion programme

(httpwwwairbuscompresscentrepressreleasespress-release-detaildetailstrong-demand-for-used-airbus-a320-aircraft-drives-joint-decision-to-

stop-freighter-conversion-progr) airbuscom

117 ^ Airbus A320 occurrences (httpaviation-safetynetdatabasedblistphpType=022) Aviation Safety 2 April 2012

118 ^ Airbus A320 hull-loss occurrences (httpaviation-safetynetdatabasedblistphpfield=typecodeampvar=022ampcat=1ampsorteer=datekeyamppage=1)

Aviation Safety 2 April 2012

119 ^ Airbus A320 statistics (httpaviation-safetynetdatabasetypetype-statphptype=022) Aviation Safety 2 April 2012

120 ^ JACDECs Airliner Safety Statistics Aircraft (httpwwwjacdecdestatisticstypesTypeshtm) JACDEC 17 May 2007

httpwwwjacdecdestatisticstypesTypeshtm

121 ^ NTSB Accident Database search on A320 (httpwwwntsbgovaviationqueryindexaspx) NTSB Retrieved 14 April 2012

122 ^ Katz PeterGlass-Cockpit Blackout (httpwwwplaneandpilotmagcompilot-talkntsb-debrieferglass-cockpit-blackouthtml) Plane amp Pilot

Magazine 21 October 2008 Retrieved on 14 April 2012

123 ^ NTSB Safety Recommendation A-08-53 through minus55 (httpwwwntsbgovdoclibrecletters2008A08_53_55pdf) NTSB 22 July 2008 Retrieved

on 14 April 2012

124 ^ Air Accidents Investigation 22008 G-EUOB (httpwwwaaibgovuksitesaaibpublicationsformal_reports2_2008_g_euobcfm) Aaibgovuk

22 October 2005 Retrieved on 12 January 2011

125 ^ 4K-AZ04 Accident description (httpaviation-safetynetdatabaserecordphpid=20100812-1) Aviation Safety Network Archived

(httpwebarchiveorgweb20100819193957httpaviation-safetynetdatabaserecordphpid=20100812-1) from the original on 19 August 2010

httpaviation-safetynetdatabaserecordphpid=20100812-1 Retrieved 13 August 2010

126 ^ EI-EDM Accident description (httpaviation-safetynetdatabaserecordphpid=20100924-0) Aviation Safety Network Archived

(httpwebarchiveorgweb20101002034304httpaviation-safetynetdatabaserecordphpid=20100924-0) from the original on 2 October 2010

httpaviation-safetynetdatabaserecordphpid=20100924-0 Retrieved 25 September 2010

127 ^ Smith Derek J (2 May 2001) Transportation Disasters ndash Aerospace (httpwwwsmithsriscademoncoukHE1aerohtml)

httpwwwsmithsriscademoncoukHE1aerohtml

128 ^ Final Accident Report (httpwebarchiveorgweb20070830141112httpwwwbea-

frorganglaiseactualitesotchitmpsotchi_060503_final_reportpdf) (PDF) Russian Interstate Aviation Committee Archived from the original

(httpwwwbea-frorganglaiseactualitesotchitmpsotchi_060503_final_reportpdf) on 30 August 2007

httpwebarchiveorgweb20070830141112httpwwwbea-frorganglaiseactualitesotchitmpsotchi_060503_final_reportpdf Retrieved 7

August 2007

129 ^ Accident description PR-MBK (httpaviation-safetynetdatabaserecordphpid=20070717-0) Aviation Safety Network httpaviation-

safetynetdatabaserecordphpid=20070717-0 Retrieved 16 July 2011

130 ^ Four Dead After Airliner Overshoots Honduras runway

(httpwebarchiveorgweb20080531150220httpwwwcnncom2008WORLDamericas0530hondurascrashapindexhtml) CNN 30 May

2008 Archived from the original (httpwwwcnncom2008WORLDamericas0530hondurascrashapindexhtml) on 31 May 2008

httpwebarchiveorgweb20080531150220httpwwwcnncom2008WORLDamericas0530hondurascrashapindexhtml Retrieved 30 May

2008

131 ^ Official Airbus A320 crashes into sea off France (httpeditioncnncom2008WORLDeurope1127airbusfrancecrashindexhtml) CNN 27

November 2008 Archived

(httpwebarchiveorgweb20081205120341httpeditioncnncom2008WORLDeurope1127airbusfrancecrashindexhtml) from the original

on 5 December 2008 httpeditioncnncom2008WORLDeurope1127airbusfrancecrashindexhtml Retrieved 27 November 2008

132 ^ Field Michael (28 November 2008) Five New Zealanders in Air NZ plane crash (httpwwwstuffconz4775726a12html) Fairfax New Zealand

Archived (httpwebarchiveorgweb20081209110618httpwwwstuffconz4775726a12html) from the original on 9 December 2008

httpwwwstuffconz4775726a12html Retrieved 27 November 2008

133 ^ Airbus jet crashes in test flight (httpnewsbbccouk2hieurope7753270stm) BBC News 27 November 2008 Archived

(httpwebarchiveorgweb20081128023048httpnewsbbccouk2hieurope7753270stm) from the original on 28 November 2008

httpnewsbbccouk2hieurope7753270stm Retrieved 27 November 2008

134 ^ Augstums Ieva Mitch Weiss (15 January 2009) Charlotte final destination for most on down plane

(httpwebarchiveorgweb20090205050019httpwwwgooglecomhostednewsaparticleALeqM5gIyT3EVjTP2gqToz96U7zSOCX2qwD95NTR2O

0) Associated Press Archived from the original

(httpwwwgooglecomhostednewsaparticleALeqM5gIyT3EVjTP2gqToz96U7zSOCX2qwD95NTR2O0) on 5 February 2009

httpwebarchiveorgweb20090205050019httpwwwgooglecomhostednewsaparticleALeqM5gIyT3EVjTP2gqToz96U7zSOCX2qwD95NTR2O0



135 ^ Gulf Air skids in Cochin (httpwwwndtvcomarticleindiakochi-plane-skids-off-the-runway-7-passengers-injured-129708) NDTV 29 August

2011

136 ^ Gulf Air A320 Skids Off Runway In Kochi (httpwwwaviationweekcomawgenericstory_channeljsp

channel=commampid=newsawx20110829awx_08_29_2011_p0-364364xml) 31 August 2011

httpwwwaviationweekcomawgenericstory_channeljspchannel=commampid=newsawx20110829awx_08_29_2011_p0-364364xml

137 ^ Gulf Air plane skids off runway in Indi (httpwwwbbccouknewsworld-south-asia-14705719) BBC News 29 August 2011

httpwwwbbccouknewsworld-south-asia-14705719

138 ^ Accident Transasia Airlines Flight 543 A321 B-22603 | Airfleets aviation (httpwwwairfleetsnetcrashcrash_report_Transasia20Airlines_B-

22603htm) Airfleetsnet 22 March 2003 httpwwwairfleetsnetcrashcrash_report_Transasia20Airlines_B-22603htm Retrieved 17 May 2012

139 ^ Crash AirBlue A321 near Islamabad on Jul 28th 2010 impacted mountaineous terrain near the airport (httpavheraldcomharticle=42ee2e58)

Avheraldcom httpavheraldcomharticle=42ee2e58 Retrieved 17 May 2012

140 ^ The Aviation Herald Incident Asiana A321 near Seoul on Jun 17th 2011 aircraft under fire (httpavheraldcomharticle=43e592cbampopt=0)

[cited 18 June 2011]

141 ^ Airbus Aircraft Characteristics (httpwwwairbuscomsupportmaintenance-engineeringtechnical-dataaircraft-characteristics) Airbus June

2011 Archived (httpwebarchiveorgweb20110527173929httpwwwairbuscomsupportmaintenance-engineeringtechnical-dataaircraft-

characteristics) from the original on 27 May 2011 httpwwwairbuscomsupportmaintenance-engineeringtechnical-dataaircraft-characteristics


142 ^ The Airbus A318 (httpwwwairlinersnetaircraft-datastatsmainid=21) Airlinersnet httpwwwairlinersnetaircraft-datastatsmainid=21

Retrieved 26 February 2011







146 ^ PW6000 (httpwwwpwutccomProductsCommercialPW6000) Pratt amp Whitney httpwwwpwutccomProductsCommercialPW6000


147 ^ EASA TYPE-CERTIFICATE DATA SHEET AIRBUS A318 ndash A319 ndash A320 ndash A321 (httpwwweasaeuintcertificationtype-

certificatesdocsaircraftsEASA-TCDS-A064_AIRBUS_A318_A319_A320_A321_Single_Aisle-05-06052009pdf) (PDF) EASA

httpwwweasaeuintcertificationtype-certificatesdocsaircraftsEASA-TCDS-A064_AIRBUS_A318_A319_A320_A321_Single_Aisle-05-

06052009pdf Retrieved 4 March 2011

Bibliography

Aris Stephen (2002) Close to the Sun London UK Aurum Press Ltd ISBN 1-85410-830-1

Gunston Bill (2009) Airbus The Complete Story Sparkford Yeovil Somerset UK Haynes Publishing ISBN 978-1-84425-585-6

Laming Tim and Robert Hewson (2000) Airbus A320 (httpbooksgooglecom

id=wiwFHh4sd_0Campprintsec=frontcoverampdq=Airbus+A320v=onepageampqampf=false) Zenith Imprint ISBN 0-7603-0902-7

httpbooksgooglecomid=wiwFHh4sd_0Campprintsec=frontcoverampdq=Airbus+A320v=onepageampqampf=false

Norris Guy and Mark Wagner (2001) Airbus A340 and A330 St Paul Minnesota MBI Publishing ISBN 0-7603-0889-6

Norris Guy and Mark Wagner (1999) Airbus St Paul Minnesota MBI Publishing ISBN 0-7603-0677-X

Payne Richard (2004) Stuck on the Drawing Board Unbuilt British Commercial Aircraft Since 1945 London UK The History Press

Ltd ISBN 0752431722

Reed Arthur (1992) Airbus Europes High Flyer Zuumlrich Switzerland Norden Publishing House ISBN 3-907150-10-4

External links

Official Airbus website of the A320 aircraft family (httpwwwairbuscomenaircraftfamiliesa320)

Airlinersnet History and pictures of the A320 family (httpwwwairlinersnetaircraft-datastatsmainid=23)

A320 on planespottersnet (httpwwwplanespottersnetProduction_ListAirbusA320indexhtml)

Retrieved from httpenwikipediaorgwindexphptitle=Airbus_A320_familyampoldid=525884730Stretching_and_shrinking

Categories Airbus aircraft International airliners 1980ndash1989 Twinjets 1988 introductions

Navigation menu

This page was last modified on 1 December 2012 at 1654

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License additional terms may apply See Terms of Use for details

Wikipediareg is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation Inc a non-profit organization



Air Inter A320-100 in 1991

one of the few A320-100s

45 A318

46 Freighter

5 Operators

6 Orders and deliveries

7 Accidents and incidents

71 A319

72 A320

73 A321

8 Specifications

81 Engines

9 See also

10 Footnotes

11 References

12 External links

Development

Origins

When Airbus designed the Airbus A300 during the late 1960searly 1970s it envisioned a broad family of airliners with which to competeagainst Boeing and Douglas two established US aerospace manufacturers From the moment of formation Airbus had begun studies into

derivatives of the Airbus A300B in support of this long term goal[9] Prior to the service introduction of the first Airbus airliners engineers

within Airbus had identified nine possible variations of the A300 known as A300B1 to B9[10] A 10th variation conceived in 1973 later the

first to be constructed was designated the A300B10[11] It was a smaller aircraft which would be developed into the long-range AirbusA310 Airbus then focused its efforts on the single-aisle market which was dominated by the Boeing 737 and McDonnell Douglas DC-9

Plans from a number of European aircraft manufacturers called for a successor to the relatively successful

BAC One-Eleven and to replace the Boeing 737ndash200 and DC-9[12] Germanyrsquos MBB (Messerschmitt-Boumllkow-Blohm) British Aircraft Corporation Swedens Saab and CASA worked on the EUROPLANE a 180-

to 200-seat aircraft[12][13] It was abandoned after intruding on A310 specifications[14] VFW-Fokker

Dornier and Hawker Siddeley worked on a number of 150-seat designs[12]

Alongside BAe (who at the time were not part of Airbus) were MBB Fokker-VFW and Aeacuterospatiale Thedesign within the JET study that was carried forward was the JET2 (163 passengers) which then becamethe Airbus SA123 series (Single Aisle) before settling on the A320 name for its launch in 1984

The Hawker Siddeley team had previously produced a design called the HS134 Airbus in 1965 an

evolution of the HS121 (formerly DH121) Trident[15] which shared much of the general arrangement ofthe later JET3 study design The name Airbus at the time referred to a BEA requirement rather than to the later international programme

Design effort

A new programme was initiated subsequently called Joint European Transport (JET) This was set up in June 1977[16] and was based atthe then British Aerospace (formerly Vickers) site in Weybridge Surrey UK Although the members were all of Airbus partners they

regarded the project as a separate collaboration from Airbus[17] This project was considered the forerunner of Airbus A320 encompassing

the 130- to 188-seat market powered by two CFM56s[12] It would have a cruise speed of Mach 084 (faster than Boeing 737)[12] Theprogramme was later transferred to Airbus leading up to the creation of the Single-Aisle (SA) studies in 1980 led by former leader of JET

programme Derek Brown[18] The group looked at three different variants covering the 125- to 180-seat market called SA1 SA2 and

SA3[12] Although unaware at the time the consortium was producing the blueprints for the A319 A320 and A321 respectively[19] Thesingle-aisle programme created divisions within Airbus about whether to design a shorter-range twinjet than a longer-range quadjet wanted

by the West Germans particularly Lufthansa[12][20] However works proceeded and the German carrier would eventually order the twinjet

In February 1981 the project was re-designated A320[19] with efforts focused on the former SA2 During the year Airbus worked withDelta Air Lines on a 150-seat aircraft envisioned and required by the airline The A320 would carry 150 passengers 1860 nautical miles

(3440 km) using fuel from wing fuel tanks only[19] The Dash 200 had more fuel through the activation of centre fuel tank increasing fuel

capacity from 3429 imperial gallons (15590 L) to 5154 imperial gallons (23430 L)[21] enabling to fly up to 2850 nautical miles

(5280 km)[19] The aircraft would measure 118 feet 3 inches (3604 m) and 128 feet 9 inches (3924 m) respectively[19] Airbus then had

to decide on a cross-section for the A320 It considered a fuselage diameter of the Boeing 707 and 727 or do something better[12] It














commercial aircraft






world




Germany













CFM56[27]































Airbus A32X family



after Lufthansa[49]





overall length











MTOW to 83000 kg (183000 lb)[45]



























Further shrinking

















France A318


ILA 2012
















A320 Enhanced

















New Engine Option














Airbus A320neo


A320 at takeoff















Design


Airframe






parts[94]







memory[97]



Engines



Operational history



Competition






Pavlodar



Airport



A318 A318

A319 A319

A320 A320

A321 A321







Airbus A320






Variants

Overview





A320












A321










A319







1995[111]


A319CJ







A318




easyJet A319


Freighter




Operators




Orders Deliveries


A318 81 3 78 2 2 2 6 13 17 8 9 10 9

A319 1520 172 1348 29 47 51 88 98 105 137 142 87 72 85 89 112 88 53 47 18

A320 5794 2665 3129 269 306 297 221 209 194 164 121 101 119 116 119 101 101 80 58 38 34 48

A321 1233 481 752 60 66 51 87 66 51 30 17 35 33 35 49 28 33 35 22 16 22 16

Total 8628 3321 5307 360 421 401 402 386 367 339 289 233 233 236 257 241 222 168 127 72 56 64





A319







A320









surviving







a passenger died


































A321

















Specifications

Airbus A320 family

A318-100A319-100 A319LR

A319CJA320-200 A321-200

Cockpit crew Two

Seating capacity







180 (1-class

maximum)

164 (1-class

typical)

150 (2-class

typical)




Seat Pitch

29 in (74 cm) amp 30 in (76 cm)

(1-class maximum)


38 in (97 cm) amp 32 in (81 cm)

(2-class typical)

28 in (71 cm) amp 30 in (76 cm)

(1-class maximum)


36 in (91 cm) amp 32 in (81 cm)

(2-class typical)





4times LD3-46

3741 m3

(1321 cu ft)

7times LD3-46

5173 m3 (1827 cu ft)

10times LD3-46


(123 ft 3 in)4451 m (146 ft 0 in)









(94000 lb)48500 kg (107000 lb)

Maximum zero-fuel


62500 kg

(138000 lb)73800 kg (163000 lb)

Maximum take-off





3600 nmi (6700 km 4100 mi)

LR 5600 nmi (10400 km

6400 mi)

3200 nmi

(5900 km3000 nmi (5600 km






7500 mi)

3700 mi) 3500 mi)




6400 US gal)



24050 L (5290 imp gal


30030 L (6610 imp gal



A319 CJ 12500 m (41000 ft)




(25000ndash27000 lbf)

133ndash147 kN (30000ndash33000

lbf)


Engines




A318-111 23 May 2003 CFM56-5B8P

A318-112 23 May 2003 CFM56-5B9P

A318-121 21 December 2005 PW6122A

A318-122 21 December 2005 PW6124A

A319-111 10 April 1996 CFM56-5B5 or 5B5P


A319-113 31 May 1996 CFM56-5A4 or 5A4F

A319-114 31 May 1996 CFM56-5A5 or 5A5F

A319-115 30 July 1999 CFM56-5B7 or 5B7P






A320-212 20 November 1990 CFM56-5A3


A320-216 14 June 2006 CFM56-5B6












See also



Boeing 737

Boeing 757ndash200

Boeing 717

Bombardier CSeries

Embraer 195





Tupolev Tu-204

Related lists

List of aircraft

List of airlines

Footnotes

References


















31 December 2011







10 ^ Gunston 2009








2010


17 ^ Aris 2002 p 119



20 ^ Aris 2002 p 120

21 ^ a b c d Eden 2008 p 23




25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122



25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122


27 ^ Gunston 2009 p 167

28 ^ a b c d e Aris 2002 p 123

29 ^ Aris 2002 p 124

30 ^ Aris 2002 p 126










36 ^ a b Eden 2008 p 22

37 ^ Reed 1992 p 86

38 ^ a b c d e Reed 1992 p 84


2011









44 ^ Reed 1992 p 84








49 ^ a b c d e f Eden 2008 p 25





53 ^ Eden 2008 p 26








58 ^ a b Gunston 2009 p 216

59 ^ Eden 2008 p 27






64 ^ a b c Gunston 2009 p 222










68 ^ Gunston 2009 p 223




















2011






February 2011





















2011























2012



















0+replacementhtml















March 2011

111 ^ Eden 2008 pp 26ndash27





airbuscom



airbuscom


















on 14 April 2012















August 2007







2008



















2011






























Bibliography









Ltd ISBN 0752431722


External links






Navigation menu

















commercial aircraft






world




Germany













CFM56[27]































Airbus A32X family



after Lufthansa[49]





overall length











MTOW to 83000 kg (183000 lb)[45]



























Further shrinking

















France A318


ILA 2012
















A320 Enhanced

















New Engine Option














Airbus A320neo


A320 at takeoff















Design


Airframe






parts[94]







memory[97]



Engines



Operational history



Competition






Pavlodar



Airport



A318 A318

A319 A319

A320 A320

A321 A321







Airbus A320






Variants

Overview





A320












A321










A319







1995[111]


A319CJ







A318




easyJet A319


Freighter




Operators




Orders Deliveries


A318 81 3 78 2 2 2 6 13 17 8 9 10 9

A319 1520 172 1348 29 47 51 88 98 105 137 142 87 72 85 89 112 88 53 47 18

A320 5794 2665 3129 269 306 297 221 209 194 164 121 101 119 116 119 101 101 80 58 38 34 48

A321 1233 481 752 60 66 51 87 66 51 30 17 35 33 35 49 28 33 35 22 16 22 16

Total 8628 3321 5307 360 421 401 402 386 367 339 289 233 233 236 257 241 222 168 127 72 56 64





A319







A320









surviving







a passenger died


































A321

















Specifications

Airbus A320 family

A318-100A319-100 A319LR

A319CJA320-200 A321-200

Cockpit crew Two

Seating capacity







180 (1-class

maximum)

164 (1-class

typical)

150 (2-class

typical)




Seat Pitch

29 in (74 cm) amp 30 in (76 cm)

(1-class maximum)


38 in (97 cm) amp 32 in (81 cm)

(2-class typical)

28 in (71 cm) amp 30 in (76 cm)

(1-class maximum)


36 in (91 cm) amp 32 in (81 cm)

(2-class typical)





4times LD3-46

3741 m3

(1321 cu ft)

7times LD3-46

5173 m3 (1827 cu ft)

10times LD3-46


(123 ft 3 in)4451 m (146 ft 0 in)









(94000 lb)48500 kg (107000 lb)

Maximum zero-fuel


62500 kg

(138000 lb)73800 kg (163000 lb)

Maximum take-off





3600 nmi (6700 km 4100 mi)

LR 5600 nmi (10400 km

6400 mi)

3200 nmi

(5900 km3000 nmi (5600 km






7500 mi)

3700 mi) 3500 mi)




6400 US gal)



24050 L (5290 imp gal


30030 L (6610 imp gal



A319 CJ 12500 m (41000 ft)




(25000ndash27000 lbf)

133ndash147 kN (30000ndash33000

lbf)


Engines




A318-111 23 May 2003 CFM56-5B8P

A318-112 23 May 2003 CFM56-5B9P

A318-121 21 December 2005 PW6122A

A318-122 21 December 2005 PW6124A

A319-111 10 April 1996 CFM56-5B5 or 5B5P


A319-113 31 May 1996 CFM56-5A4 or 5A4F

A319-114 31 May 1996 CFM56-5A5 or 5A5F

A319-115 30 July 1999 CFM56-5B7 or 5B7P






A320-212 20 November 1990 CFM56-5A3


A320-216 14 June 2006 CFM56-5B6












See also



Boeing 737

Boeing 757ndash200

Boeing 717

Bombardier CSeries

Embraer 195





Tupolev Tu-204

Related lists

List of aircraft

List of airlines

Footnotes

References


















31 December 2011







10 ^ Gunston 2009








2010


17 ^ Aris 2002 p 119



20 ^ Aris 2002 p 120

21 ^ a b c d Eden 2008 p 23




25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122



25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122


27 ^ Gunston 2009 p 167

28 ^ a b c d e Aris 2002 p 123

29 ^ Aris 2002 p 124

30 ^ Aris 2002 p 126










36 ^ a b Eden 2008 p 22

37 ^ Reed 1992 p 86

38 ^ a b c d e Reed 1992 p 84


2011









44 ^ Reed 1992 p 84








49 ^ a b c d e f Eden 2008 p 25





53 ^ Eden 2008 p 26








58 ^ a b Gunston 2009 p 216

59 ^ Eden 2008 p 27






64 ^ a b c Gunston 2009 p 222










68 ^ Gunston 2009 p 223




















2011






February 2011





















2011























2012



















0+replacementhtml















March 2011

111 ^ Eden 2008 pp 26ndash27





airbuscom



airbuscom


















on 14 April 2012















August 2007







2008



















2011






























Bibliography









Ltd ISBN 0752431722


External links






Navigation menu






Airbus A32X family



after Lufthansa[49]





overall length











MTOW to 83000 kg (183000 lb)[45]



























Further shrinking

















France A318


ILA 2012
















A320 Enhanced

















New Engine Option














Airbus A320neo


A320 at takeoff















Design


Airframe






parts[94]







memory[97]



Engines



Operational history



Competition






Pavlodar



Airport



A318 A318

A319 A319

A320 A320

A321 A321







Airbus A320






Variants

Overview





A320












A321










A319







1995[111]


A319CJ







A318




easyJet A319


Freighter




Operators




Orders Deliveries


A318 81 3 78 2 2 2 6 13 17 8 9 10 9

A319 1520 172 1348 29 47 51 88 98 105 137 142 87 72 85 89 112 88 53 47 18

A320 5794 2665 3129 269 306 297 221 209 194 164 121 101 119 116 119 101 101 80 58 38 34 48

A321 1233 481 752 60 66 51 87 66 51 30 17 35 33 35 49 28 33 35 22 16 22 16

Total 8628 3321 5307 360 421 401 402 386 367 339 289 233 233 236 257 241 222 168 127 72 56 64





A319







A320









surviving







a passenger died


































A321

















Specifications

Airbus A320 family

A318-100A319-100 A319LR

A319CJA320-200 A321-200

Cockpit crew Two

Seating capacity







180 (1-class

maximum)

164 (1-class

typical)

150 (2-class

typical)




Seat Pitch

29 in (74 cm) amp 30 in (76 cm)

(1-class maximum)


38 in (97 cm) amp 32 in (81 cm)

(2-class typical)

28 in (71 cm) amp 30 in (76 cm)

(1-class maximum)


36 in (91 cm) amp 32 in (81 cm)

(2-class typical)





4times LD3-46

3741 m3

(1321 cu ft)

7times LD3-46

5173 m3 (1827 cu ft)

10times LD3-46


(123 ft 3 in)4451 m (146 ft 0 in)









(94000 lb)48500 kg (107000 lb)

Maximum zero-fuel


62500 kg

(138000 lb)73800 kg (163000 lb)

Maximum take-off





3600 nmi (6700 km 4100 mi)

LR 5600 nmi (10400 km

6400 mi)

3200 nmi

(5900 km3000 nmi (5600 km






7500 mi)

3700 mi) 3500 mi)




6400 US gal)



24050 L (5290 imp gal


30030 L (6610 imp gal



A319 CJ 12500 m (41000 ft)




(25000ndash27000 lbf)

133ndash147 kN (30000ndash33000

lbf)


Engines




A318-111 23 May 2003 CFM56-5B8P

A318-112 23 May 2003 CFM56-5B9P

A318-121 21 December 2005 PW6122A

A318-122 21 December 2005 PW6124A

A319-111 10 April 1996 CFM56-5B5 or 5B5P


A319-113 31 May 1996 CFM56-5A4 or 5A4F

A319-114 31 May 1996 CFM56-5A5 or 5A5F

A319-115 30 July 1999 CFM56-5B7 or 5B7P






A320-212 20 November 1990 CFM56-5A3


A320-216 14 June 2006 CFM56-5B6












See also



Boeing 737

Boeing 757ndash200

Boeing 717

Bombardier CSeries

Embraer 195





Tupolev Tu-204

Related lists

List of aircraft

List of airlines

Footnotes

References


















31 December 2011







10 ^ Gunston 2009








2010


17 ^ Aris 2002 p 119



20 ^ Aris 2002 p 120

21 ^ a b c d Eden 2008 p 23




25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122



25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122


27 ^ Gunston 2009 p 167

28 ^ a b c d e Aris 2002 p 123

29 ^ Aris 2002 p 124

30 ^ Aris 2002 p 126










36 ^ a b Eden 2008 p 22

37 ^ Reed 1992 p 86

38 ^ a b c d e Reed 1992 p 84


2011









44 ^ Reed 1992 p 84








49 ^ a b c d e f Eden 2008 p 25





53 ^ Eden 2008 p 26








58 ^ a b Gunston 2009 p 216

59 ^ Eden 2008 p 27






64 ^ a b c Gunston 2009 p 222










68 ^ Gunston 2009 p 223




















2011






February 2011





















2011























2012



















0+replacementhtml















March 2011

111 ^ Eden 2008 pp 26ndash27





airbuscom



airbuscom


















on 14 April 2012















August 2007







2008



















2011






























Bibliography









Ltd ISBN 0752431722


External links






Navigation menu










France A318


ILA 2012
















A320 Enhanced

















New Engine Option














Airbus A320neo


A320 at takeoff















Design


Airframe






parts[94]







memory[97]



Engines



Operational history



Competition






Pavlodar



Airport



A318 A318

A319 A319

A320 A320

A321 A321







Airbus A320






Variants

Overview





A320












A321










A319







1995[111]


A319CJ







A318




easyJet A319


Freighter




Operators




Orders Deliveries


A318 81 3 78 2 2 2 6 13 17 8 9 10 9

A319 1520 172 1348 29 47 51 88 98 105 137 142 87 72 85 89 112 88 53 47 18

A320 5794 2665 3129 269 306 297 221 209 194 164 121 101 119 116 119 101 101 80 58 38 34 48

A321 1233 481 752 60 66 51 87 66 51 30 17 35 33 35 49 28 33 35 22 16 22 16

Total 8628 3321 5307 360 421 401 402 386 367 339 289 233 233 236 257 241 222 168 127 72 56 64





A319







A320









surviving







a passenger died


































A321

















Specifications

Airbus A320 family

A318-100A319-100 A319LR

A319CJA320-200 A321-200

Cockpit crew Two

Seating capacity







180 (1-class

maximum)

164 (1-class

typical)

150 (2-class

typical)




Seat Pitch

29 in (74 cm) amp 30 in (76 cm)

(1-class maximum)


38 in (97 cm) amp 32 in (81 cm)

(2-class typical)

28 in (71 cm) amp 30 in (76 cm)

(1-class maximum)


36 in (91 cm) amp 32 in (81 cm)

(2-class typical)





4times LD3-46

3741 m3

(1321 cu ft)

7times LD3-46

5173 m3 (1827 cu ft)

10times LD3-46


(123 ft 3 in)4451 m (146 ft 0 in)









(94000 lb)48500 kg (107000 lb)

Maximum zero-fuel


62500 kg

(138000 lb)73800 kg (163000 lb)

Maximum take-off





3600 nmi (6700 km 4100 mi)

LR 5600 nmi (10400 km

6400 mi)

3200 nmi

(5900 km3000 nmi (5600 km






7500 mi)

3700 mi) 3500 mi)




6400 US gal)



24050 L (5290 imp gal


30030 L (6610 imp gal



A319 CJ 12500 m (41000 ft)




(25000ndash27000 lbf)

133ndash147 kN (30000ndash33000

lbf)


Engines




A318-111 23 May 2003 CFM56-5B8P

A318-112 23 May 2003 CFM56-5B9P

A318-121 21 December 2005 PW6122A

A318-122 21 December 2005 PW6124A

A319-111 10 April 1996 CFM56-5B5 or 5B5P


A319-113 31 May 1996 CFM56-5A4 or 5A4F

A319-114 31 May 1996 CFM56-5A5 or 5A5F

A319-115 30 July 1999 CFM56-5B7 or 5B7P






A320-212 20 November 1990 CFM56-5A3


A320-216 14 June 2006 CFM56-5B6












See also



Boeing 737

Boeing 757ndash200

Boeing 717

Bombardier CSeries

Embraer 195





Tupolev Tu-204

Related lists

List of aircraft

List of airlines

Footnotes

References


















31 December 2011







10 ^ Gunston 2009








2010


17 ^ Aris 2002 p 119



20 ^ Aris 2002 p 120

21 ^ a b c d Eden 2008 p 23




25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122



25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122


27 ^ Gunston 2009 p 167

28 ^ a b c d e Aris 2002 p 123

29 ^ Aris 2002 p 124

30 ^ Aris 2002 p 126










36 ^ a b Eden 2008 p 22

37 ^ Reed 1992 p 86

38 ^ a b c d e Reed 1992 p 84


2011









44 ^ Reed 1992 p 84








49 ^ a b c d e f Eden 2008 p 25





53 ^ Eden 2008 p 26








58 ^ a b Gunston 2009 p 216

59 ^ Eden 2008 p 27






64 ^ a b c Gunston 2009 p 222










68 ^ Gunston 2009 p 223




















2011






February 2011





















2011























2012



















0+replacementhtml















March 2011

111 ^ Eden 2008 pp 26ndash27





airbuscom



airbuscom


















on 14 April 2012















August 2007







2008



















2011






























Bibliography









Ltd ISBN 0752431722


External links






Navigation menu







Airbus A320neo


A320 at takeoff















Design


Airframe






parts[94]







memory[97]



Engines



Operational history



Competition






Pavlodar



Airport



A318 A318

A319 A319

A320 A320

A321 A321







Airbus A320






Variants

Overview





A320












A321










A319







1995[111]


A319CJ







A318




easyJet A319


Freighter




Operators




Orders Deliveries


A318 81 3 78 2 2 2 6 13 17 8 9 10 9

A319 1520 172 1348 29 47 51 88 98 105 137 142 87 72 85 89 112 88 53 47 18

A320 5794 2665 3129 269 306 297 221 209 194 164 121 101 119 116 119 101 101 80 58 38 34 48

A321 1233 481 752 60 66 51 87 66 51 30 17 35 33 35 49 28 33 35 22 16 22 16

Total 8628 3321 5307 360 421 401 402 386 367 339 289 233 233 236 257 241 222 168 127 72 56 64





A319







A320









surviving







a passenger died


































A321

















Specifications

Airbus A320 family

A318-100A319-100 A319LR

A319CJA320-200 A321-200

Cockpit crew Two

Seating capacity







180 (1-class

maximum)

164 (1-class

typical)

150 (2-class

typical)




Seat Pitch

29 in (74 cm) amp 30 in (76 cm)

(1-class maximum)


38 in (97 cm) amp 32 in (81 cm)

(2-class typical)

28 in (71 cm) amp 30 in (76 cm)

(1-class maximum)


36 in (91 cm) amp 32 in (81 cm)

(2-class typical)





4times LD3-46

3741 m3

(1321 cu ft)

7times LD3-46

5173 m3 (1827 cu ft)

10times LD3-46


(123 ft 3 in)4451 m (146 ft 0 in)









(94000 lb)48500 kg (107000 lb)

Maximum zero-fuel


62500 kg

(138000 lb)73800 kg (163000 lb)

Maximum take-off





3600 nmi (6700 km 4100 mi)

LR 5600 nmi (10400 km

6400 mi)

3200 nmi

(5900 km3000 nmi (5600 km






7500 mi)

3700 mi) 3500 mi)




6400 US gal)



24050 L (5290 imp gal


30030 L (6610 imp gal



A319 CJ 12500 m (41000 ft)




(25000ndash27000 lbf)

133ndash147 kN (30000ndash33000

lbf)


Engines




A318-111 23 May 2003 CFM56-5B8P

A318-112 23 May 2003 CFM56-5B9P

A318-121 21 December 2005 PW6122A

A318-122 21 December 2005 PW6124A

A319-111 10 April 1996 CFM56-5B5 or 5B5P


A319-113 31 May 1996 CFM56-5A4 or 5A4F

A319-114 31 May 1996 CFM56-5A5 or 5A5F

A319-115 30 July 1999 CFM56-5B7 or 5B7P






A320-212 20 November 1990 CFM56-5A3


A320-216 14 June 2006 CFM56-5B6












See also



Boeing 737

Boeing 757ndash200

Boeing 717

Bombardier CSeries

Embraer 195





Tupolev Tu-204

Related lists

List of aircraft

List of airlines

Footnotes

References


















31 December 2011







10 ^ Gunston 2009








2010


17 ^ Aris 2002 p 119



20 ^ Aris 2002 p 120

21 ^ a b c d Eden 2008 p 23




25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122



25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122


27 ^ Gunston 2009 p 167

28 ^ a b c d e Aris 2002 p 123

29 ^ Aris 2002 p 124

30 ^ Aris 2002 p 126










36 ^ a b Eden 2008 p 22

37 ^ Reed 1992 p 86

38 ^ a b c d e Reed 1992 p 84


2011









44 ^ Reed 1992 p 84








49 ^ a b c d e f Eden 2008 p 25





53 ^ Eden 2008 p 26








58 ^ a b Gunston 2009 p 216

59 ^ Eden 2008 p 27






64 ^ a b c Gunston 2009 p 222










68 ^ Gunston 2009 p 223




















2011






February 2011





















2011























2012



















0+replacementhtml















March 2011

111 ^ Eden 2008 pp 26ndash27





airbuscom



airbuscom


















on 14 April 2012















August 2007







2008



















2011






























Bibliography









Ltd ISBN 0752431722


External links






Navigation menu








Pavlodar



Airport



A318 A318

A319 A319

A320 A320

A321 A321







Airbus A320






Variants

Overview





A320












A321










A319







1995[111]


A319CJ







A318




easyJet A319


Freighter




Operators




Orders Deliveries


A318 81 3 78 2 2 2 6 13 17 8 9 10 9

A319 1520 172 1348 29 47 51 88 98 105 137 142 87 72 85 89 112 88 53 47 18

A320 5794 2665 3129 269 306 297 221 209 194 164 121 101 119 116 119 101 101 80 58 38 34 48

A321 1233 481 752 60 66 51 87 66 51 30 17 35 33 35 49 28 33 35 22 16 22 16

Total 8628 3321 5307 360 421 401 402 386 367 339 289 233 233 236 257 241 222 168 127 72 56 64





A319







A320









surviving







a passenger died


































A321

















Specifications

Airbus A320 family

A318-100A319-100 A319LR

A319CJA320-200 A321-200

Cockpit crew Two

Seating capacity







180 (1-class

maximum)

164 (1-class

typical)

150 (2-class

typical)




Seat Pitch

29 in (74 cm) amp 30 in (76 cm)

(1-class maximum)


38 in (97 cm) amp 32 in (81 cm)

(2-class typical)

28 in (71 cm) amp 30 in (76 cm)

(1-class maximum)


36 in (91 cm) amp 32 in (81 cm)

(2-class typical)





4times LD3-46

3741 m3

(1321 cu ft)

7times LD3-46

5173 m3 (1827 cu ft)

10times LD3-46


(123 ft 3 in)4451 m (146 ft 0 in)









(94000 lb)48500 kg (107000 lb)

Maximum zero-fuel


62500 kg

(138000 lb)73800 kg (163000 lb)

Maximum take-off





3600 nmi (6700 km 4100 mi)

LR 5600 nmi (10400 km

6400 mi)

3200 nmi

(5900 km3000 nmi (5600 km






7500 mi)

3700 mi) 3500 mi)




6400 US gal)



24050 L (5290 imp gal


30030 L (6610 imp gal



A319 CJ 12500 m (41000 ft)




(25000ndash27000 lbf)

133ndash147 kN (30000ndash33000

lbf)


Engines




A318-111 23 May 2003 CFM56-5B8P

A318-112 23 May 2003 CFM56-5B9P

A318-121 21 December 2005 PW6122A

A318-122 21 December 2005 PW6124A

A319-111 10 April 1996 CFM56-5B5 or 5B5P


A319-113 31 May 1996 CFM56-5A4 or 5A4F

A319-114 31 May 1996 CFM56-5A5 or 5A5F

A319-115 30 July 1999 CFM56-5B7 or 5B7P






A320-212 20 November 1990 CFM56-5A3


A320-216 14 June 2006 CFM56-5B6












See also



Boeing 737

Boeing 757ndash200

Boeing 717

Bombardier CSeries

Embraer 195





Tupolev Tu-204

Related lists

List of aircraft

List of airlines

Footnotes

References


















31 December 2011







10 ^ Gunston 2009








2010


17 ^ Aris 2002 p 119



20 ^ Aris 2002 p 120

21 ^ a b c d Eden 2008 p 23




25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122



25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122


27 ^ Gunston 2009 p 167

28 ^ a b c d e Aris 2002 p 123

29 ^ Aris 2002 p 124

30 ^ Aris 2002 p 126










36 ^ a b Eden 2008 p 22

37 ^ Reed 1992 p 86

38 ^ a b c d e Reed 1992 p 84


2011









44 ^ Reed 1992 p 84








49 ^ a b c d e f Eden 2008 p 25





53 ^ Eden 2008 p 26








58 ^ a b Gunston 2009 p 216

59 ^ Eden 2008 p 27






64 ^ a b c Gunston 2009 p 222










68 ^ Gunston 2009 p 223




















2011






February 2011





















2011























2012



















0+replacementhtml















March 2011

111 ^ Eden 2008 pp 26ndash27





airbuscom



airbuscom


















on 14 April 2012















August 2007







2008



















2011






























Bibliography









Ltd ISBN 0752431722


External links






Navigation menu













A321










A319







1995[111]


A319CJ







A318




easyJet A319


Freighter




Operators




Orders Deliveries


A318 81 3 78 2 2 2 6 13 17 8 9 10 9

A319 1520 172 1348 29 47 51 88 98 105 137 142 87 72 85 89 112 88 53 47 18

A320 5794 2665 3129 269 306 297 221 209 194 164 121 101 119 116 119 101 101 80 58 38 34 48

A321 1233 481 752 60 66 51 87 66 51 30 17 35 33 35 49 28 33 35 22 16 22 16

Total 8628 3321 5307 360 421 401 402 386 367 339 289 233 233 236 257 241 222 168 127 72 56 64





A319







A320









surviving







a passenger died


































A321

















Specifications

Airbus A320 family

A318-100A319-100 A319LR

A319CJA320-200 A321-200

Cockpit crew Two

Seating capacity







180 (1-class

maximum)

164 (1-class

typical)

150 (2-class

typical)




Seat Pitch

29 in (74 cm) amp 30 in (76 cm)

(1-class maximum)


38 in (97 cm) amp 32 in (81 cm)

(2-class typical)

28 in (71 cm) amp 30 in (76 cm)

(1-class maximum)


36 in (91 cm) amp 32 in (81 cm)

(2-class typical)





4times LD3-46

3741 m3

(1321 cu ft)

7times LD3-46

5173 m3 (1827 cu ft)

10times LD3-46


(123 ft 3 in)4451 m (146 ft 0 in)









(94000 lb)48500 kg (107000 lb)

Maximum zero-fuel


62500 kg

(138000 lb)73800 kg (163000 lb)

Maximum take-off





3600 nmi (6700 km 4100 mi)

LR 5600 nmi (10400 km

6400 mi)

3200 nmi

(5900 km3000 nmi (5600 km






7500 mi)

3700 mi) 3500 mi)




6400 US gal)



24050 L (5290 imp gal


30030 L (6610 imp gal



A319 CJ 12500 m (41000 ft)




(25000ndash27000 lbf)

133ndash147 kN (30000ndash33000

lbf)


Engines




A318-111 23 May 2003 CFM56-5B8P

A318-112 23 May 2003 CFM56-5B9P

A318-121 21 December 2005 PW6122A

A318-122 21 December 2005 PW6124A

A319-111 10 April 1996 CFM56-5B5 or 5B5P


A319-113 31 May 1996 CFM56-5A4 or 5A4F

A319-114 31 May 1996 CFM56-5A5 or 5A5F

A319-115 30 July 1999 CFM56-5B7 or 5B7P






A320-212 20 November 1990 CFM56-5A3


A320-216 14 June 2006 CFM56-5B6












See also



Boeing 737

Boeing 757ndash200

Boeing 717

Bombardier CSeries

Embraer 195





Tupolev Tu-204

Related lists

List of aircraft

List of airlines

Footnotes

References


















31 December 2011







10 ^ Gunston 2009








2010


17 ^ Aris 2002 p 119



20 ^ Aris 2002 p 120

21 ^ a b c d Eden 2008 p 23




25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122



25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122


27 ^ Gunston 2009 p 167

28 ^ a b c d e Aris 2002 p 123

29 ^ Aris 2002 p 124

30 ^ Aris 2002 p 126










36 ^ a b Eden 2008 p 22

37 ^ Reed 1992 p 86

38 ^ a b c d e Reed 1992 p 84


2011









44 ^ Reed 1992 p 84








49 ^ a b c d e f Eden 2008 p 25





53 ^ Eden 2008 p 26








58 ^ a b Gunston 2009 p 216

59 ^ Eden 2008 p 27






64 ^ a b c Gunston 2009 p 222










68 ^ Gunston 2009 p 223




















2011






February 2011





















2011























2012



















0+replacementhtml















March 2011

111 ^ Eden 2008 pp 26ndash27





airbuscom



airbuscom


















on 14 April 2012















August 2007







2008



















2011






























Bibliography









Ltd ISBN 0752431722


External links






Navigation menu





easyJet A319


Freighter




Operators




Orders Deliveries


A318 81 3 78 2 2 2 6 13 17 8 9 10 9

A319 1520 172 1348 29 47 51 88 98 105 137 142 87 72 85 89 112 88 53 47 18

A320 5794 2665 3129 269 306 297 221 209 194 164 121 101 119 116 119 101 101 80 58 38 34 48

A321 1233 481 752 60 66 51 87 66 51 30 17 35 33 35 49 28 33 35 22 16 22 16

Total 8628 3321 5307 360 421 401 402 386 367 339 289 233 233 236 257 241 222 168 127 72 56 64





A319







A320









surviving







a passenger died


































A321

















Specifications

Airbus A320 family

A318-100A319-100 A319LR

A319CJA320-200 A321-200

Cockpit crew Two

Seating capacity







180 (1-class

maximum)

164 (1-class

typical)

150 (2-class

typical)




Seat Pitch

29 in (74 cm) amp 30 in (76 cm)

(1-class maximum)


38 in (97 cm) amp 32 in (81 cm)

(2-class typical)

28 in (71 cm) amp 30 in (76 cm)

(1-class maximum)


36 in (91 cm) amp 32 in (81 cm)

(2-class typical)





4times LD3-46

3741 m3

(1321 cu ft)

7times LD3-46

5173 m3 (1827 cu ft)

10times LD3-46


(123 ft 3 in)4451 m (146 ft 0 in)









(94000 lb)48500 kg (107000 lb)

Maximum zero-fuel


62500 kg

(138000 lb)73800 kg (163000 lb)

Maximum take-off





3600 nmi (6700 km 4100 mi)

LR 5600 nmi (10400 km

6400 mi)

3200 nmi

(5900 km3000 nmi (5600 km






7500 mi)

3700 mi) 3500 mi)




6400 US gal)



24050 L (5290 imp gal


30030 L (6610 imp gal



A319 CJ 12500 m (41000 ft)




(25000ndash27000 lbf)

133ndash147 kN (30000ndash33000

lbf)


Engines




A318-111 23 May 2003 CFM56-5B8P

A318-112 23 May 2003 CFM56-5B9P

A318-121 21 December 2005 PW6122A

A318-122 21 December 2005 PW6124A

A319-111 10 April 1996 CFM56-5B5 or 5B5P


A319-113 31 May 1996 CFM56-5A4 or 5A4F

A319-114 31 May 1996 CFM56-5A5 or 5A5F

A319-115 30 July 1999 CFM56-5B7 or 5B7P






A320-212 20 November 1990 CFM56-5A3


A320-216 14 June 2006 CFM56-5B6












See also



Boeing 737

Boeing 757ndash200

Boeing 717

Bombardier CSeries

Embraer 195





Tupolev Tu-204

Related lists

List of aircraft

List of airlines

Footnotes

References


















31 December 2011







10 ^ Gunston 2009








2010


17 ^ Aris 2002 p 119



20 ^ Aris 2002 p 120

21 ^ a b c d Eden 2008 p 23




25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122



25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122


27 ^ Gunston 2009 p 167

28 ^ a b c d e Aris 2002 p 123

29 ^ Aris 2002 p 124

30 ^ Aris 2002 p 126










36 ^ a b Eden 2008 p 22

37 ^ Reed 1992 p 86

38 ^ a b c d e Reed 1992 p 84


2011









44 ^ Reed 1992 p 84








49 ^ a b c d e f Eden 2008 p 25





53 ^ Eden 2008 p 26








58 ^ a b Gunston 2009 p 216

59 ^ Eden 2008 p 27






64 ^ a b c Gunston 2009 p 222










68 ^ Gunston 2009 p 223




















2011






February 2011





















2011























2012



















0+replacementhtml















March 2011

111 ^ Eden 2008 pp 26ndash27





airbuscom



airbuscom


















on 14 April 2012















August 2007







2008



















2011






























Bibliography









Ltd ISBN 0752431722


External links






Navigation menu









surviving







a passenger died


































A321

















Specifications

Airbus A320 family

A318-100A319-100 A319LR

A319CJA320-200 A321-200

Cockpit crew Two

Seating capacity







180 (1-class

maximum)

164 (1-class

typical)

150 (2-class

typical)




Seat Pitch

29 in (74 cm) amp 30 in (76 cm)

(1-class maximum)


38 in (97 cm) amp 32 in (81 cm)

(2-class typical)

28 in (71 cm) amp 30 in (76 cm)

(1-class maximum)


36 in (91 cm) amp 32 in (81 cm)

(2-class typical)





4times LD3-46

3741 m3

(1321 cu ft)

7times LD3-46

5173 m3 (1827 cu ft)

10times LD3-46


(123 ft 3 in)4451 m (146 ft 0 in)









(94000 lb)48500 kg (107000 lb)

Maximum zero-fuel


62500 kg

(138000 lb)73800 kg (163000 lb)

Maximum take-off





3600 nmi (6700 km 4100 mi)

LR 5600 nmi (10400 km

6400 mi)

3200 nmi

(5900 km3000 nmi (5600 km






7500 mi)

3700 mi) 3500 mi)




6400 US gal)



24050 L (5290 imp gal


30030 L (6610 imp gal



A319 CJ 12500 m (41000 ft)




(25000ndash27000 lbf)

133ndash147 kN (30000ndash33000

lbf)


Engines




A318-111 23 May 2003 CFM56-5B8P

A318-112 23 May 2003 CFM56-5B9P

A318-121 21 December 2005 PW6122A

A318-122 21 December 2005 PW6124A

A319-111 10 April 1996 CFM56-5B5 or 5B5P


A319-113 31 May 1996 CFM56-5A4 or 5A4F

A319-114 31 May 1996 CFM56-5A5 or 5A5F

A319-115 30 July 1999 CFM56-5B7 or 5B7P






A320-212 20 November 1990 CFM56-5A3


A320-216 14 June 2006 CFM56-5B6












See also



Boeing 737

Boeing 757ndash200

Boeing 717

Bombardier CSeries

Embraer 195





Tupolev Tu-204

Related lists

List of aircraft

List of airlines

Footnotes

References


















31 December 2011







10 ^ Gunston 2009








2010


17 ^ Aris 2002 p 119



20 ^ Aris 2002 p 120

21 ^ a b c d Eden 2008 p 23




25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122



25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122


27 ^ Gunston 2009 p 167

28 ^ a b c d e Aris 2002 p 123

29 ^ Aris 2002 p 124

30 ^ Aris 2002 p 126










36 ^ a b Eden 2008 p 22

37 ^ Reed 1992 p 86

38 ^ a b c d e Reed 1992 p 84


2011









44 ^ Reed 1992 p 84








49 ^ a b c d e f Eden 2008 p 25





53 ^ Eden 2008 p 26








58 ^ a b Gunston 2009 p 216

59 ^ Eden 2008 p 27






64 ^ a b c Gunston 2009 p 222










68 ^ Gunston 2009 p 223




















2011






February 2011





















2011























2012



















0+replacementhtml















March 2011

111 ^ Eden 2008 pp 26ndash27





airbuscom



airbuscom


















on 14 April 2012















August 2007







2008



















2011






























Bibliography









Ltd ISBN 0752431722


External links






Navigation menu












Specifications

Airbus A320 family

A318-100A319-100 A319LR

A319CJA320-200 A321-200

Cockpit crew Two

Seating capacity







180 (1-class

maximum)

164 (1-class

typical)

150 (2-class

typical)




Seat Pitch

29 in (74 cm) amp 30 in (76 cm)

(1-class maximum)


38 in (97 cm) amp 32 in (81 cm)

(2-class typical)

28 in (71 cm) amp 30 in (76 cm)

(1-class maximum)


36 in (91 cm) amp 32 in (81 cm)

(2-class typical)





4times LD3-46

3741 m3

(1321 cu ft)

7times LD3-46

5173 m3 (1827 cu ft)

10times LD3-46


(123 ft 3 in)4451 m (146 ft 0 in)









(94000 lb)48500 kg (107000 lb)

Maximum zero-fuel


62500 kg

(138000 lb)73800 kg (163000 lb)

Maximum take-off





3600 nmi (6700 km 4100 mi)

LR 5600 nmi (10400 km

6400 mi)

3200 nmi

(5900 km3000 nmi (5600 km






7500 mi)

3700 mi) 3500 mi)




6400 US gal)



24050 L (5290 imp gal


30030 L (6610 imp gal



A319 CJ 12500 m (41000 ft)




(25000ndash27000 lbf)

133ndash147 kN (30000ndash33000

lbf)


Engines




A318-111 23 May 2003 CFM56-5B8P

A318-112 23 May 2003 CFM56-5B9P

A318-121 21 December 2005 PW6122A

A318-122 21 December 2005 PW6124A

A319-111 10 April 1996 CFM56-5B5 or 5B5P


A319-113 31 May 1996 CFM56-5A4 or 5A4F

A319-114 31 May 1996 CFM56-5A5 or 5A5F

A319-115 30 July 1999 CFM56-5B7 or 5B7P






A320-212 20 November 1990 CFM56-5A3


A320-216 14 June 2006 CFM56-5B6












See also



Boeing 737

Boeing 757ndash200

Boeing 717

Bombardier CSeries

Embraer 195





Tupolev Tu-204

Related lists

List of aircraft

List of airlines

Footnotes

References


















31 December 2011







10 ^ Gunston 2009








2010


17 ^ Aris 2002 p 119



20 ^ Aris 2002 p 120

21 ^ a b c d Eden 2008 p 23




25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122



25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122


27 ^ Gunston 2009 p 167

28 ^ a b c d e Aris 2002 p 123

29 ^ Aris 2002 p 124

30 ^ Aris 2002 p 126










36 ^ a b Eden 2008 p 22

37 ^ Reed 1992 p 86

38 ^ a b c d e Reed 1992 p 84


2011









44 ^ Reed 1992 p 84








49 ^ a b c d e f Eden 2008 p 25





53 ^ Eden 2008 p 26








58 ^ a b Gunston 2009 p 216

59 ^ Eden 2008 p 27






64 ^ a b c Gunston 2009 p 222










68 ^ Gunston 2009 p 223




















2011






February 2011





















2011























2012



















0+replacementhtml















March 2011

111 ^ Eden 2008 pp 26ndash27





airbuscom



airbuscom


















on 14 April 2012















August 2007







2008



















2011






























Bibliography









Ltd ISBN 0752431722


External links






Navigation menu









7500 mi)

3700 mi) 3500 mi)




6400 US gal)



24050 L (5290 imp gal


30030 L (6610 imp gal



A319 CJ 12500 m (41000 ft)




(25000ndash27000 lbf)

133ndash147 kN (30000ndash33000

lbf)


Engines




A318-111 23 May 2003 CFM56-5B8P

A318-112 23 May 2003 CFM56-5B9P

A318-121 21 December 2005 PW6122A

A318-122 21 December 2005 PW6124A

A319-111 10 April 1996 CFM56-5B5 or 5B5P


A319-113 31 May 1996 CFM56-5A4 or 5A4F

A319-114 31 May 1996 CFM56-5A5 or 5A5F

A319-115 30 July 1999 CFM56-5B7 or 5B7P






A320-212 20 November 1990 CFM56-5A3


A320-216 14 June 2006 CFM56-5B6












See also



Boeing 737

Boeing 757ndash200

Boeing 717

Bombardier CSeries

Embraer 195





Tupolev Tu-204

Related lists

List of aircraft

List of airlines

Footnotes

References


















31 December 2011







10 ^ Gunston 2009








2010


17 ^ Aris 2002 p 119



20 ^ Aris 2002 p 120

21 ^ a b c d Eden 2008 p 23




25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122



25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122


27 ^ Gunston 2009 p 167

28 ^ a b c d e Aris 2002 p 123

29 ^ Aris 2002 p 124

30 ^ Aris 2002 p 126










36 ^ a b Eden 2008 p 22

37 ^ Reed 1992 p 86

38 ^ a b c d e Reed 1992 p 84


2011









44 ^ Reed 1992 p 84








49 ^ a b c d e f Eden 2008 p 25





53 ^ Eden 2008 p 26








58 ^ a b Gunston 2009 p 216

59 ^ Eden 2008 p 27






64 ^ a b c Gunston 2009 p 222










68 ^ Gunston 2009 p 223




















2011






February 2011





















2011























2012



















0+replacementhtml















March 2011

111 ^ Eden 2008 pp 26ndash27





airbuscom



airbuscom


















on 14 April 2012















August 2007







2008



















2011






























Bibliography









Ltd ISBN 0752431722


External links






Navigation menu







A318-111 23 May 2003 CFM56-5B8P

A318-112 23 May 2003 CFM56-5B9P

A318-121 21 December 2005 PW6122A

A318-122 21 December 2005 PW6124A

A319-111 10 April 1996 CFM56-5B5 or 5B5P


A319-113 31 May 1996 CFM56-5A4 or 5A4F

A319-114 31 May 1996 CFM56-5A5 or 5A5F

A319-115 30 July 1999 CFM56-5B7 or 5B7P






A320-212 20 November 1990 CFM56-5A3


A320-216 14 June 2006 CFM56-5B6












See also



Boeing 737

Boeing 757ndash200

Boeing 717

Bombardier CSeries

Embraer 195





Tupolev Tu-204

Related lists

List of aircraft

List of airlines

Footnotes

References


















31 December 2011







10 ^ Gunston 2009








2010


17 ^ Aris 2002 p 119



20 ^ Aris 2002 p 120

21 ^ a b c d Eden 2008 p 23




25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122



25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122


27 ^ Gunston 2009 p 167

28 ^ a b c d e Aris 2002 p 123

29 ^ Aris 2002 p 124

30 ^ Aris 2002 p 126










36 ^ a b Eden 2008 p 22

37 ^ Reed 1992 p 86

38 ^ a b c d e Reed 1992 p 84


2011









44 ^ Reed 1992 p 84








49 ^ a b c d e f Eden 2008 p 25





53 ^ Eden 2008 p 26








58 ^ a b Gunston 2009 p 216

59 ^ Eden 2008 p 27






64 ^ a b c Gunston 2009 p 222










68 ^ Gunston 2009 p 223




















2011






February 2011





















2011























2012



















0+replacementhtml















March 2011

111 ^ Eden 2008 pp 26ndash27





airbuscom



airbuscom


















on 14 April 2012















August 2007







2008



















2011






























Bibliography









Ltd ISBN 0752431722


External links






Navigation menu







Tupolev Tu-204

Related lists

List of aircraft

List of airlines

Footnotes

References


















31 December 2011







10 ^ Gunston 2009








2010


17 ^ Aris 2002 p 119



20 ^ Aris 2002 p 120

21 ^ a b c d Eden 2008 p 23




25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122



25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122


27 ^ Gunston 2009 p 167

28 ^ a b c d e Aris 2002 p 123

29 ^ Aris 2002 p 124

30 ^ Aris 2002 p 126










36 ^ a b Eden 2008 p 22

37 ^ Reed 1992 p 86

38 ^ a b c d e Reed 1992 p 84


2011









44 ^ Reed 1992 p 84








49 ^ a b c d e f Eden 2008 p 25





53 ^ Eden 2008 p 26








58 ^ a b Gunston 2009 p 216

59 ^ Eden 2008 p 27






64 ^ a b c Gunston 2009 p 222










68 ^ Gunston 2009 p 223




















2011






February 2011





















2011























2012



















0+replacementhtml















March 2011

111 ^ Eden 2008 pp 26ndash27





airbuscom



airbuscom


















on 14 April 2012















August 2007







2008



















2011






























Bibliography









Ltd ISBN 0752431722


External links






Navigation menu






25 ^ Aris 2002 p 122


27 ^ Gunston 2009 p 167

28 ^ a b c d e Aris 2002 p 123

29 ^ Aris 2002 p 124

30 ^ Aris 2002 p 126










36 ^ a b Eden 2008 p 22

37 ^ Reed 1992 p 86

38 ^ a b c d e Reed 1992 p 84


2011









44 ^ Reed 1992 p 84








49 ^ a b c d e f Eden 2008 p 25





53 ^ Eden 2008 p 26








58 ^ a b Gunston 2009 p 216

59 ^ Eden 2008 p 27






64 ^ a b c Gunston 2009 p 222










68 ^ Gunston 2009 p 223




















2011






February 2011





















2011























2012



















0+replacementhtml















March 2011

111 ^ Eden 2008 pp 26ndash27





airbuscom



airbuscom


















on 14 April 2012















August 2007







2008



















2011






























Bibliography









Ltd ISBN 0752431722


External links






Navigation menu












68 ^ Gunston 2009 p 223




















2011






February 2011





















2011























2012



















0+replacementhtml















March 2011

111 ^ Eden 2008 pp 26ndash27





airbuscom



airbuscom


















on 14 April 2012















August 2007







2008



















2011






























Bibliography









Ltd ISBN 0752431722


External links






Navigation menu























2012



















0+replacementhtml















March 2011

111 ^ Eden 2008 pp 26ndash27





airbuscom



airbuscom


















on 14 April 2012















August 2007







2008



















2011






























Bibliography









Ltd ISBN 0752431722


External links






Navigation menu






airbuscom


















on 14 April 2012















August 2007







2008



















2011






























Bibliography









Ltd ISBN 0752431722


External links






Navigation menu







2011






























Bibliography









Ltd ISBN 0752431722


External links






Navigation menu




Navigation menu




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