Geographic Geographic Information Systems Information Systems “GIS “GIS ” ” “Geography Matters”
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Geographic Geographic Information Systems Information Systems
“GIS“GIS””
Geographic Geographic Information Systems Information Systems
“GIS“GIS””
“Geography Matters”
Think about Think about “Geography”“Geography”Think about Think about
“Geography”“Geography”•What is Geography
The 3 “W’s” of Geography–What is where–Why is it there–Why do I care
Data - Data - DataData - Data - DataWe all ‘got data’We all ‘got data’
Data - Data - DataData - Data - DataWe all ‘got data’We all ‘got data’
• Location Data – How Many – What Kind – Where
• Scale of Data – Local to Global
• Data Presentation – Words, Charts, Graphs, Tables, or Maps
Exploring data using GIS turns data into information into knowledge
GIS is a System of computer software, hardware and data, and personnel to help manipulate, analyze and present information that is tied to a spatial location –
• spatial location – usually a geographic location• information – visualization of analysis of data • system – linking software, hardware, data• personnel – a thinking explorer who is key to the power of GIS
Geographic Information Geographic Information
SystemsSystems
A Definition of GISA Definition of GIS
Geographic Information Geographic Information
SystemsSystems
A Definition of GISA Definition of GIS
What is What is Not Not GIS GIS ??What is What is Not Not GIS GIS ??
• GPS – Global Positioning System
• A static map – paper or digital– Maps are often a “product” of a GIS
– A way to visualize the analysis
• A software package
Spatial DataSpatial DataSpatial DataSpatial Data
• Estimates are that 80% of all data has a spatial component– Data from most sciences can be
analyzed “spatially”
What is GIS ?What is GIS ?What is GIS ?What is GIS ?
•A method to visualize, manipulate, analyze, and display spatial data
•“Smart Maps” linking a database to the map
Database“Not Easy to Interpret”
Database“Not Easy to Interpret”
Visualization “Worth a Thousand Words”
Visualization “Worth a Thousand Words”
Two Ways to Input and Visualize Two Ways to Input and Visualize DataData
The World in GISThe World in GIS
Two Ways to Input and Visualize Two Ways to Input and Visualize DataData
The World in GISThe World in GIS
• Raster – Grid– “pixels”– a location and value– Satellite images and aerial
photos are already in this format
• Vector – Linear– Points, lines & polygons– “Features” (house, lake, etc.)
– Attributes– size, type, length, etc.
Real world
Combining Data From Combining Data From Many SourcesMany Sources
Combining Data From Combining Data From Many SourcesMany Sources
Data For GIS Data For GIS ApplicationsApplicationsData For GIS Data For GIS ApplicationsApplications
• Digitized and Scanned Maps– purchased, donated, free (Internet)– created by user
• Data Bases – Tables of data
• GPS – Global Positioning System– accurate locations
• Field Sampling of Attributes• Remote Sensing &
Aerial Photography
States
Five Data Layers “Alike” Features
Five Data Layers “Alike” Features
Roads
CapitalsRivers
Lakes
“Spatial Analysis” – not just a map
Turning Data Into Information
Turning Data Into Information
Asking A Question – Interaction
Asking A Question – Interaction
Maps and Database are “Interactive”
Maps and Database are “Interactive”
Multiple Databases can be Linked and Related
Multiple Databases can be Linked and Related
Some Ways GIS is Some Ways GIS is UsedUsed
Some Ways GIS is Some Ways GIS is UsedUsed
• Emergency Services – Fire & Police • Environmental – Monitoring & Modeling
• Business – Site Location, Delivery Systems
• Industry – Transportation, Communication, Mining, Pipelines, Healthcare
• Government – Local, State, Federal, Military
• Education – Research, Teaching Tool, Administration
Wherever Spatial Data Analysis is Needed
Network SolutionsNetwork SolutionsNetwork SolutionsNetwork Solutions
Ecosystem ManagementEcosystem ManagementEcosystem ManagementEcosystem Management
3D Mine with Well Data3D Mine with Well Data3D Mine with Well Data3D Mine with Well Data
Environmental MonitoringEnvironmental MonitoringToxic PlumeToxic Plume
Environmental MonitoringEnvironmental MonitoringToxic PlumeToxic Plume
Combining Various Display Combining Various Display MethodsMethods
Combining Various Display Combining Various Display MethodsMethods
Oil Spill and Oil Spill and ContaminationContaminationOil Spill and Oil Spill and
ContaminationContamination
Site Location and Client DistanceSite Location and Client Distance
Modeling of Future TrendsModeling of Future Trends
Clusters and Comparison of Data
Clusters and Comparison of Data
Loma Linda Hospital Facilities
Loma Linda Hospital Facilities
GIS on the InternetGIS on the InternetGIS on the InternetGIS on the Internet
• Olympics — http://citymap.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/
• National Geographic Map Machine — http://www.nationalgeographic.com/maps.index.html
• Find a Home — http://www.realtor.com
• ATM Locator — http://www.visa.com
• Store Locator — http://www.godiva.com
• GIS Info — http://www.gis.com
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