GIS Software Introduction

8/6/2019 GIS Software Introduction

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DESKTOP GIS: AN INTRODUCTION



Computer-based system to collect, store,

manipulate, analyze, and visualizegeographic informationData from

Maps

Tabular

Data

Field Data

Other

database

A

B

C

D

INPUT

RemoteSensing

Collection

& Input

Storage,

Retrieval

Manipulation

& AnalysisOutput

Data Base Management System

Geographic Information System

Maps

Statistics

Reports

Other

database

OUTPUT

Statistical

Packages

User

Requirements

WHAT IS GIS ?



Many information includes geographical facts

in the decision making process

Integrates spatial and non-spatial data within a

single system

Allows to manipulate and display geographical

information in a new and exciting ways

Analytical capability of spatial data

Powerful tool for handling spatial data

WHY GIS ?



Object

Thematic

Aspect

GeometricAspect

Thematic

Properties

Shape & SizePosition &Orientation

STRUCTURE OF SPATIAL DATA



Computer mapping system

Tool to manage information of an object according

to its geometric and thematic information

DESKTOP GIS: WHAT IT IS AND WHAT IT

DOES?



Road Network

Land utilization

Population

ChangesMaps in Flash



FOREST

AGRICULTURE

BRUSH

Criteria

Brush land

500 meters away

from rivers andstreams

300 meters away

from roads

Area greater than

2000sq. meter

Land use Rivers Stream Road

Allows to work with different kind of information

at the same time



Representation of objects using points, lines, areas

Map scale controls the size of features and shapes

used to represent them

FOREST

LAKE

Maps use graphic symbols to identify features

DESKTOP GIS: HOW IT WORKS ?



A Desktop GIS stores descriptive information

about map features as attributes

Road-ID Length

(km)

Surface

Material

No. of Lanes Avg. Daily

Traffic

10 5.4 Asphalt 4 3200

20 9.4 Asphalt 4 4000

30 25.3 Concrete 6 7900

Single

Feature

Different

Attributes



Desktop GIS links features on a map to their

attributes in a table

Land Use Map

Landuse-ID Area Class

10

20

30

40

537456

450321

550765

215730

Forest

Shrub

Agri.

Water

Attribute Table



With Desktop GIS, You Can get information about any

specific features and display its attributes by -

ASKING QUESTIONS - GETTING ANSWERS

- Pointing on it

- Selecting with a box

- Selecting with a circle

- Selecting in a attribute table

- Query builder



By Pointing

Parcel-Id:404

Area: 1000 sq.ft.

Owner: Mr. ThompsonDate of Purchase: A pril 1st, 1998

Value: US$ 200,000House No.: 144

Area: 250 sq.ft.Bed Rooms: 4

Bath Rooms: 2



Select features by selecting their attributes in a table

Landuse-ID Area Class

10

20

30

40

537456

450321

550765

215730

Forest

Shrub

Agri.

Water

Attribute Table Land Use Map



Search features by entering a request: QUERY

- Which houses have 4 bed rooms and tile roofs and area > 1800

sq.ft.

- What is the total area of forest area, shrub land, agricultural area,

water body, etc.

- What is the total length of particular type of road

- Which district have population density > 1500 per sq.km.



Buildings

Desktop GIS Database stores related map

features as separate map themes

Spatial

Overlay

Combined ThemesRivers

Roads

Soil

Land Use



When you have to present information to others, you

need to think about:

MAKING INFORMATION PRESENTABLE

To whom you are presenting to

Apply filter to show features that are important

Choose the most appropriate symbols and colors

To reduce the number of symbols and make the

map easier to understand, divide or classify the

values into groups

Contents of a map

- Primary content: the main theme

- Secondary content: base maps and basic map information

- Supportive contents: title, legend, scale, north arrow, etc.





INTRODUCTION TO ARCVIEW

Access many data

sources within one

environment

Desktop Mapping

System

Desktop version of ARC/INFO

Allows to visualize,update, analyze,

and quality

presentation of

information



ARCVIEW MODULES (EXTENSIONS)

ARCVIEW

Spatial

Analyst

ImageAnalyst

Network

Analyst

CADReader

3D

Analyst



A Theme is a set of geographic features. It representsa source of geographic data.

ARC/INFO

coverage or ArcView shapefile.

CAD drawings

Satellite Images

Table containing XY

coordinates



An interactive map that

lets to display, explore,

query and analyze

geographic data in

ARCVIEW



Descriptive information of a theme



Visual

representation of

data in a table

Dynamically linked

to the maps in a

view



Layouts are

presentations that

includes any

components that we create in

ArcView



Automate tasks

Add new capabilities to

ArcView

Build completeapplications

Programs written in ArcView·s programming

language - AVENUE



A project is the file

which contains all the

view, tables, charts,

layouts and scripts that

are used for a particular ArcView application

A project file is an ASCII

file with .apr extension



Views

Tables

Charts

Layouts

Scripts

Tabular

Information

Information

in Charts

Presentations

Programming

PROJECT

Road

River

Land Use



GIS Software Introduction

Documents