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1WELCOMEWELCOMEtoto
Introduction to Geographic Introduction to Geographic
Information SystemsInformation Systems
ByByDr. Khalid EldrandalyDr. Khalid EldrandalyAssociate Prof. of
GISAssociate Prof. of GIS
CourseCourse ObjectiveObjective This course provides an in depth
introduction to the fundamentalThis course provides an in depth
introduction to the fundamental
concepts of Geographic Information Systems (GIS).concepts of
Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
The course will cover the following topics:The course will cover
the following topics: GIS overviewGIS overview GIS FunctionalityGIS
Functionality GIS ComponentsGIS Components Geographic
DataGeographic Data Data ModelsData Models Vector Data ModelVector
Data Model Raster Data ModelRaster Data Model Coordinate Systems
and Map ProjectionCoordinate Systems and Map Projection GIS Data
AcquisitionGIS Data Acquisition GIS Data EditingGIS Data Editing
Data Display and CartographyData Display and Cartography
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2Class MechanicsClass Mechanics
Prerequisite: NonePrerequisite: None Lecture: 2 hours per
weekLecture: 2 hours per week Two Lectures/Week (S Two
Lectures/Week (S M)M) Lab:Lab:
/ /
ESRI VC Free CourseESRI VC Free Course
Getting Started with GISGetting Started with GIS
Course Point AllocationCourse Point Allocation
First Exam First Exam .. .. ..15..15 Second Exam Second Exam
1515 Lab Lab .. .. 2020 Attendance and Discussion....10Attendance
and Discussion....10 Final ExamFinal Exam4040
TotalTotal.100.100
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3Lecture ResourcesLecture ResourcesTextbooks:Textbooks:
Introduction to Geographic Information Systems, Introduction to
Geographic Information Systems,
5th edition, by Kang5th edition, by Kang-- Tsung Chang.
(McGrawTsung Chang. (McGraw--Hill Hill 2010).2010).
-- -- .. -- --
. .
Lecture notesLecture notes
www.kau.edu.sa/keldrandalywww.kau.edu.sa/keldrandaly
Lab ResourcesLab Resources
GIS Tutorial, 3GIS Tutorial, 3rdrd ed., ESRI Pressed., ESRI
Press
ESRI Training and EducationESRI Training and Education
http://http://training.esri.com/gateway/index.cfmtraining.esri.com/gateway/index.cfm
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6Lecture 1Lecture 1
Overview of GISOverview of GIS
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7As of February 2006, Geotechnologies is listed by the U.S.
Department of Labor as one of the three most important emerging and
evolving fields," along with Biotechnologyand Nanotechnology
Geotechnologies have turned computer mapping into a powerful
decision- making tool!
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8 Global Positioning Systems (GPS)Global Positioning Systems
(GPS) a system of eartha system of earth--orbiting satellites which
can orbiting satellites which can
provide precise (100 meter to subprovide precise (100 meter to
sub--cm.) location cm.) location on the earthon the earths surface
(in lat/long coordinates or s surface (in lat/long coordinates or
equiv.)equiv.)
Remote Sensing (RS)Remote Sensing (RS) use of satellites or
aircraft to capture use of satellites or aircraft to capture
information about the earthinformation about the earths surfaces
surface Geographic Information Systems (GIS)Geographic Information
Systems (GIS) at a minimum, comprises a capability for input, at a
minimum, comprises a capability for input,
storage, manipulation and output of geographic storage,
manipulation and output of geographic informationinformation
GPS and RS are sources of input data for a GPS and RS are
sources of input data for a GIS.GIS.
What is a GIS?What is a GIS?
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Where did GIS come from?Where did GIS come from?
GIS is built upon knowledge from GIS is built upon knowledge
from geography, cartography, computer geography, cartography,
computer science, Information Systems, and science, Information
Systems, and mathematics mathematics
Geographic Information Science is a new Geographic Information
Science is a new interdisciplinary field built out of the use
interdisciplinary field built out of the use and theory of GISand
theory of GIS
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Knowledge Base for GISKnowledge Base for GIS
GISApplication Area:public admin.planninggeologymineral
explorationforestrysite selectionmarketingcivil engineeringcriminal
justicesurveying
ComputerScience/ISgraphicsvisualization databasesystem
administrationsecurity
Geographyand
related:cartographygeodesyphotogrammetrylandformsspatial
statistics.
The convergence of technological fields and traditional
disciplines.
Defining GISDefining GIS
Different definitions of a GIS have evolved Different
definitions of a GIS have evolved in different areas and
disciplines in different areas and disciplines
All GIS definitions recognize that spatial All GIS definitions
recognize that spatial data are unique because they are linked to
data are unique because they are linked to maps (Space
matters!)maps (Space matters!)
A GIS at least consists of a database, map A GIS at least
consists of a database, map information, and a computerinformation,
and a computer--based link based link between them between them
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GIS DefinitionGIS Definition
A geographic information system is a A geographic information
system is a computercomputer--based information system that based
information system that enables capture, modeling, storage, enables
capture, modeling, storage, retrieval, sharing, manipulation,
analysis, retrieval, sharing, manipulation, analysis, and
presentation of geographically and presentation of geographically
referenced datareferenced data (Worboys and Duckham, (Worboys and
Duckham, 2004, p.2).2004, p.2).
Why does GIS Matter?Why does GIS Matter? Almost everything
happens somewhereAlmost everything happens somewhere Knowing where
some things happen is Knowing where some things happen is
critically importantcritically important Position of country
boundariesPosition of country boundaries Location of
hospitalsLocation of hospitals Routing delivery vehiclesRouting
delivery vehicles Management of forest standsManagement of forest
stands Allocation of funds for sea defensesAllocation of funds for
sea defenses
GIS is a special class of information GIS is a special class of
information systems that keeps track not only of systems that keeps
track not only of events, activities, and things, but also of
events, activities, and things, but also of where these events,
activities, and things where these events, activities, and things
happen or existhappen or exist
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Why Study GIS?Why Study GIS? 80% of 80% of local governmentlocal
government activities estimated to be geographically activities
estimated to be geographically
basedbased plats, zoning, public works (streets, water supply,
sewers), garplats, zoning, public works (streets, water supply,
sewers), garbage bage
collection, land ownership and valuationcollection, land
ownership and valuation a significant portion of a significant
portion of state governmentstate government has a geographical has
a geographical
componentcomponent natural resource managementnatural resource
management highways and transportationhighways and
transportation
businessesbusinesses use GIS for a very wide array of
applicationsuse GIS for a very wide array of applications retail
site selection & customer analysisretail site selection &
customer analysis logistics: vehicle tracking &
routinglogistics: vehicle tracking & routing natural resource
exploration (petroleum, etc.)natural resource exploration
(petroleum, etc.) precision agricultureprecision agriculture
civil engineeringcivil engineering and constructionand
construction scientific researchscientific research employs
GISemploys GIS
geography, geology, botany geography, geology, botany
anthropology, sociology, economics, political scienceanthropology,
sociology, economics, political science Epidemiology,
criminologyEpidemiology, criminology
Five Ms of Applied GISFive Ms of Applied GIS
MappingMappingMeasuringMeasuringMonitoringMonitoringModelingModelingManagingManaging
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Examples of Applied GISExamples of Applied GIS Urban Planning,
Management & Urban Planning, Management &
PolicyPolicy Zoning, subdivision planningZoning, subdivision
planning Land acquisitionLand acquisition Economic
developmentEconomic development Code enforcementCode enforcement
Housing renovation programsHousing renovation programs Emergency
responseEmergency response Crime analysisCrime analysis Tax
assessmentTax assessment
Environmental SciencesEnvironmental Sciences Monitoring
environmental riskMonitoring environmental risk Modeling Modeling
stormwaterstormwater runoffrunoff Management of watersheds,
Management of watersheds,
floodplains, wetlands, forests, floodplains, wetlands, forests,
aquifersaquifers
Environmental Impact AnalysisEnvironmental Impact Analysis
Hazardous or toxic facility sitingHazardous or toxic facility
siting Groundwater modeling and Groundwater modeling and
contamination trackingcontamination tracking Political
SciencePolitical Science
RedistrictingRedistricting Analysis of election resultsAnalysis
of election results Predictive modelingPredictive modeling
Civil Engineering/UtilityCivil Engineering/Utility Locating
underground facilitiesLocating underground facilities Designing
alignment for freeways, transitDesigning alignment for freeways,
transit Coordination of infrastructure Coordination of
infrastructure
maintenancemaintenance BusinessBusiness
Demographic AnalysisDemographic Analysis Market Penetration/
Share AnalysisMarket Penetration/ Share Analysis Site SelectionSite
Selection
Education AdministrationEducation Administration Attendance Area
MaintenanceAttendance Area Maintenance Enrollment
ProjectionsEnrollment Projections School Bus RoutingSchool Bus
Routing
Real EstateReal Estate Neighborhood land pricesNeighborhood land
prices Traffic Impact AnalysisTraffic Impact Analysis Determination
of Highest and Best UseDetermination of Highest and Best Use
Health CareHealth Care EpidemiologyEpidemiology Needs
AnalysisNeeds Analysis Service InventoryService Inventory
Brief History of GISBrief History of GIS 1960 1960 70s
Innovation70s Innovation First GIS First GIS Canada Land
InventoryCanada Land Inventory DIME US Bureau of Census DIME US
Bureau of Census Harvard Laboratory for Computer GraphicsHarvard
Laboratory for Computer Graphics Major vendors started (e.g. ESRI,
Major vendors started (e.g. ESRI,
Intergraph)Intergraph) Landsat satellite launchedLandsat
satellite launched Key academic conferences (e.g. Key academic
conferences (e.g. AutoCartoAutoCarto))
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Brief History of GISBrief History of GIS
1980s Commercialization1980s Commercialization Commercial GIS
software (e.g. ArcInfo)Commercial GIS software (e.g. ArcInfo) First
GIS textbooksFirst GIS textbooks First global data setsFirst global
data sets Clinton Executive OrderClinton Executive Order
2000s Exploitation2000s Exploitation Internet becomes major
deliver vehicleInternet becomes major deliver vehicle More than 1
million active usersMore than 1 million active users
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Sources of Information on GISSources of Information on GIS
The amount of information available about GIS can be The amount
of information available about GIS can be overwhelming
overwhelming
Sources of GIS information include journals and Sources of GIS
information include journals and magazines, books, professional
societies, the World Wide magazines, books, professional societies,
the World Wide Web, and conferences Web, and conferences
GIS has Web Home pages, network conference groups, GIS has Web
Home pages, network conference groups, professional organizations,
and user groupsprofessional organizations, and user groups
Most colleges and universities now offer GIS classes in Most
colleges and universities now offer GIS classes in geography
departmentsgeography departments
GIS Resources: ConferencesGIS Resources: Conferences
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Major GIS JournalsMajor GIS Journals
International Journal of GISInternational Journal of GIS
Geographical SystemsGeographical Systems Transactions in
GISTransactions in GIS Geographic Information and Decision
AnalysisGeographic Information and Decision Analysis Computers,
Environment, and Urban SystemsComputers, Environment, and Urban
Systems Computers and GeosciencesComputers and Geosciences IEEE
Transactions on Computer Graphics and ApplicationsIEEE Transactions
on Computer Graphics and Applications Photogrammetric Engineering
and Remote SensingPhotogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
URISAURISA Applied GISApplied GIS
Popular Distribution MagazinesPopular Distribution Magazines
Geospatial solutionsGeospatial solutions GIS LawGIS Law
GeoworldGeoworld GPS WorldGPS World Mapping awareness/Mapping
awareness Mapping awareness/Mapping awareness
and GIS in Europe/Asia/Africaand GIS in Europe/Asia/Africa
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Professional OrganizationsProfessional Organizations
URISA: Urban and Regional Information Systems URISA: Urban and
Regional Information Systems Association.Association.
AM/FM International Automated Mapping and Facilities AM/FM
International Automated Mapping and Facilities Management.
Management.
AAG: The Association of American Geographers.AAG: The
Association of American Geographers. ACSM: American Congress on
Surveying and Mapping.ACSM: American Congress on Surveying and
Mapping. ASPRS: American Society for Photogrammetry and ASPRS:
American Society for Photogrammetry and
Remote Sensing.Remote Sensing. NACIS: North American
Cartographic Information NACIS: North American Cartographic
Information
Society.Society.
WWW Resources: NSDIWWW Resources: NSDI
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Clarke GIS Internet GuideClarke GIS Internet Guide
GIS daily internet news/jobsGIS daily internet news/jobs
http://http://www.geoplace.comwww.geoplace.com
http://www.giscafe.comhttp://www.giscafe.com
http://www.gis.comhttp://www.gis.com
http://www.geographynetwork.comhttp://www.geographynetwork.com
http://www.census.gov/geo/www/faqhttp://www.census.gov/geo/www/faq--index.htmlindex.html
http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/home/giswww.htmlhttp://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/home/giswww.html
http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/EART/abbrev.htmlhttp://www.lib.berkeley.edu/EART/abbrev.html
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Next Topic:Next Topic:
GIS FunctionalityGIS Functionality