Gis Journal

1WELCOMEWELCOMEtoto

Introduction to Geographic Introduction to Geographic Information SystemsInformation Systems

ByByDr. Khalid EldrandalyDr. Khalid EldrandalyAssociate Prof. of GISAssociate Prof. of GIS

CourseCourse ObjectiveObjective This course provides an in depth introduction to the fundamentalThis course provides an in depth introduction to the fundamental

concepts of Geographic Information Systems (GIS).concepts of Geographic Information Systems (GIS).

The course will cover the following topics:The course will cover the following topics: GIS overviewGIS overview GIS FunctionalityGIS Functionality GIS ComponentsGIS Components Geographic DataGeographic Data Data ModelsData Models Vector Data ModelVector Data Model Raster Data ModelRaster Data Model Coordinate Systems and Map ProjectionCoordinate Systems and Map Projection GIS Data AcquisitionGIS Data Acquisition GIS Data EditingGIS Data Editing Data Display and CartographyData Display and Cartography

2Class MechanicsClass Mechanics

Prerequisite: NonePrerequisite: None Lecture: 2 hours per weekLecture: 2 hours per week Two Lectures/Week (S Two Lectures/Week (S M)M) Lab:Lab:

/ /

ESRI VC Free CourseESRI VC Free Course

Getting Started with GISGetting Started with GIS

Course Point AllocationCourse Point Allocation

First Exam First Exam .. .. ..15..15 Second Exam Second Exam 1515 Lab Lab .. .. 2020 Attendance and Discussion....10Attendance and Discussion....10 Final ExamFinal Exam4040 TotalTotal.100.100

3Lecture ResourcesLecture ResourcesTextbooks:Textbooks: Introduction to Geographic Information Systems, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems,

5th edition, by Kang5th edition, by Kang-- Tsung Chang. (McGrawTsung Chang. (McGraw--Hill Hill 2010).2010).

-- -- .. -- --

. .

Lecture notesLecture notes

www.kau.edu.sa/keldrandalywww.kau.edu.sa/keldrandaly

Lab ResourcesLab Resources

GIS Tutorial, 3GIS Tutorial, 3rdrd ed., ESRI Pressed., ESRI Press

ESRI Training and EducationESRI Training and Education

http://http://training.esri.com/gateway/index.cfmtraining.esri.com/gateway/index.cfm

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6Lecture 1Lecture 1

Overview of GISOverview of GIS

7As of February 2006, Geotechnologies is listed by the U.S. Department of Labor as one of the three most important emerging and evolving fields," along with Biotechnologyand Nanotechnology

Geotechnologies have turned computer mapping into a powerful decision- making tool!

8 Global Positioning Systems (GPS)Global Positioning Systems (GPS) a system of eartha system of earth--orbiting satellites which can orbiting satellites which can

provide precise (100 meter to subprovide precise (100 meter to sub--cm.) location cm.) location on the earthon the earths surface (in lat/long coordinates or s surface (in lat/long coordinates or equiv.)equiv.)

Remote Sensing (RS)Remote Sensing (RS) use of satellites or aircraft to capture use of satellites or aircraft to capture

information about the earthinformation about the earths surfaces surface Geographic Information Systems (GIS)Geographic Information Systems (GIS) at a minimum, comprises a capability for input, at a minimum, comprises a capability for input,

storage, manipulation and output of geographic storage, manipulation and output of geographic informationinformation

GPS and RS are sources of input data for a GPS and RS are sources of input data for a GIS.GIS.

What is a GIS?What is a GIS?

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Where did GIS come from?Where did GIS come from?

GIS is built upon knowledge from GIS is built upon knowledge from geography, cartography, computer geography, cartography, computer science, Information Systems, and science, Information Systems, and mathematics mathematics

Geographic Information Science is a new Geographic Information Science is a new interdisciplinary field built out of the use interdisciplinary field built out of the use and theory of GISand theory of GIS

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Knowledge Base for GISKnowledge Base for GIS

GISApplication Area:public admin.planninggeologymineral explorationforestrysite selectionmarketingcivil engineeringcriminal justicesurveying

ComputerScience/ISgraphicsvisualization databasesystem administrationsecurity

Geographyand related:cartographygeodesyphotogrammetrylandformsspatial statistics.

The convergence of technological fields and traditional disciplines.

Defining GISDefining GIS

Different definitions of a GIS have evolved Different definitions of a GIS have evolved in different areas and disciplines in different areas and disciplines

All GIS definitions recognize that spatial All GIS definitions recognize that spatial data are unique because they are linked to data are unique because they are linked to maps (Space matters!)maps (Space matters!)

A GIS at least consists of a database, map A GIS at least consists of a database, map information, and a computerinformation, and a computer--based link based link between them between them

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GIS DefinitionGIS Definition

A geographic information system is a A geographic information system is a computercomputer--based information system that based information system that enables capture, modeling, storage, enables capture, modeling, storage, retrieval, sharing, manipulation, analysis, retrieval, sharing, manipulation, analysis, and presentation of geographically and presentation of geographically referenced datareferenced data (Worboys and Duckham, (Worboys and Duckham, 2004, p.2).2004, p.2).

Why does GIS Matter?Why does GIS Matter? Almost everything happens somewhereAlmost everything happens somewhere Knowing where some things happen is Knowing where some things happen is

critically importantcritically important Position of country boundariesPosition of country boundaries Location of hospitalsLocation of hospitals Routing delivery vehiclesRouting delivery vehicles Management of forest standsManagement of forest stands Allocation of funds for sea defensesAllocation of funds for sea defenses

GIS is a special class of information GIS is a special class of information systems that keeps track not only of systems that keeps track not only of events, activities, and things, but also of events, activities, and things, but also of where these events, activities, and things where these events, activities, and things happen or existhappen or exist

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Why Study GIS?Why Study GIS? 80% of 80% of local governmentlocal government activities estimated to be geographically activities estimated to be geographically

basedbased plats, zoning, public works (streets, water supply, sewers), garplats, zoning, public works (streets, water supply, sewers), garbage bage

collection, land ownership and valuationcollection, land ownership and valuation a significant portion of a significant portion of state governmentstate government has a geographical has a geographical

componentcomponent natural resource managementnatural resource management highways and transportationhighways and transportation

businessesbusinesses use GIS for a very wide array of applicationsuse GIS for a very wide array of applications retail site selection & customer analysisretail site selection & customer analysis logistics: vehicle tracking & routinglogistics: vehicle tracking & routing natural resource exploration (petroleum, etc.)natural resource exploration (petroleum, etc.) precision agricultureprecision agriculture

civil engineeringcivil engineering and constructionand construction scientific researchscientific research employs GISemploys GIS

geography, geology, botany geography, geology, botany anthropology, sociology, economics, political scienceanthropology, sociology, economics, political science Epidemiology, criminologyEpidemiology, criminology

Five Ms of Applied GISFive Ms of Applied GIS

MappingMappingMeasuringMeasuringMonitoringMonitoringModelingModelingManagingManaging

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Examples of Applied GISExamples of Applied GIS Urban Planning, Management & Urban Planning, Management &

PolicyPolicy Zoning, subdivision planningZoning, subdivision planning Land acquisitionLand acquisition Economic developmentEconomic development Code enforcementCode enforcement Housing renovation programsHousing renovation programs Emergency responseEmergency response Crime analysisCrime analysis Tax assessmentTax assessment

Environmental SciencesEnvironmental Sciences Monitoring environmental riskMonitoring environmental risk Modeling Modeling stormwaterstormwater runoffrunoff Management of watersheds, Management of watersheds,

floodplains, wetlands, forests, floodplains, wetlands, forests, aquifersaquifers

Environmental Impact AnalysisEnvironmental Impact Analysis Hazardous or toxic facility sitingHazardous or toxic facility siting Groundwater modeling and Groundwater modeling and

contamination trackingcontamination tracking Political SciencePolitical Science

RedistrictingRedistricting Analysis of election resultsAnalysis of election results Predictive modelingPredictive modeling

Civil Engineering/UtilityCivil Engineering/Utility Locating underground facilitiesLocating underground facilities Designing alignment for freeways, transitDesigning alignment for freeways, transit Coordination of infrastructure Coordination of infrastructure

maintenancemaintenance BusinessBusiness

Demographic AnalysisDemographic Analysis Market Penetration/ Share AnalysisMarket Penetration/ Share Analysis Site SelectionSite Selection

Education AdministrationEducation Administration Attendance Area MaintenanceAttendance Area Maintenance Enrollment ProjectionsEnrollment Projections School Bus RoutingSchool Bus Routing

Real EstateReal Estate Neighborhood land pricesNeighborhood land prices Traffic Impact AnalysisTraffic Impact Analysis Determination of Highest and Best UseDetermination of Highest and Best Use

Health CareHealth Care EpidemiologyEpidemiology Needs AnalysisNeeds Analysis Service InventoryService Inventory

Brief History of GISBrief History of GIS 1960 1960 70s Innovation70s Innovation First GIS First GIS Canada Land InventoryCanada Land Inventory DIME US Bureau of Census DIME US Bureau of Census Harvard Laboratory for Computer GraphicsHarvard Laboratory for Computer Graphics Major vendors started (e.g. ESRI, Major vendors started (e.g. ESRI,

Intergraph)Intergraph) Landsat satellite launchedLandsat satellite launched Key academic conferences (e.g. Key academic conferences (e.g. AutoCartoAutoCarto))

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Brief History of GISBrief History of GIS

1980s Commercialization1980s Commercialization Commercial GIS software (e.g. ArcInfo)Commercial GIS software (e.g. ArcInfo) First GIS textbooksFirst GIS textbooks First global data setsFirst global data sets Clinton Executive OrderClinton Executive Order

2000s Exploitation2000s Exploitation Internet becomes major deliver vehicleInternet becomes major deliver vehicle More than 1 million active usersMore than 1 million active users

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Sources of Information on GISSources of Information on GIS

The amount of information available about GIS can be The amount of information available about GIS can be overwhelming overwhelming

Sources of GIS information include journals and Sources of GIS information include journals and magazines, books, professional societies, the World Wide magazines, books, professional societies, the World Wide Web, and conferences Web, and conferences

GIS has Web Home pages, network conference groups, GIS has Web Home pages, network conference groups, professional organizations, and user groupsprofessional organizations, and user groups

Most colleges and universities now offer GIS classes in Most colleges and universities now offer GIS classes in geography departmentsgeography departments

GIS Resources: ConferencesGIS Resources: Conferences

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Major GIS JournalsMajor GIS Journals

International Journal of GISInternational Journal of GIS Geographical SystemsGeographical Systems Transactions in GISTransactions in GIS Geographic Information and Decision AnalysisGeographic Information and Decision Analysis Computers, Environment, and Urban SystemsComputers, Environment, and Urban Systems Computers and GeosciencesComputers and Geosciences IEEE Transactions on Computer Graphics and ApplicationsIEEE Transactions on Computer Graphics and Applications Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote SensingPhotogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing URISAURISA Applied GISApplied GIS

Popular Distribution MagazinesPopular Distribution Magazines

Geospatial solutionsGeospatial solutions GIS LawGIS Law GeoworldGeoworld GPS WorldGPS World Mapping awareness/Mapping awareness Mapping awareness/Mapping awareness

and GIS in Europe/Asia/Africaand GIS in Europe/Asia/Africa

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Professional OrganizationsProfessional Organizations

URISA: Urban and Regional Information Systems URISA: Urban and Regional Information Systems Association.Association.

AM/FM International Automated Mapping and Facilities AM/FM International Automated Mapping and Facilities Management. Management.

AAG: The Association of American Geographers.AAG: The Association of American Geographers. ACSM: American Congress on Surveying and Mapping.ACSM: American Congress on Surveying and Mapping. ASPRS: American Society for Photogrammetry and ASPRS: American Society for Photogrammetry and

Remote Sensing.Remote Sensing. NACIS: North American Cartographic Information NACIS: North American Cartographic Information

Society.Society.

WWW Resources: NSDIWWW Resources: NSDI

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Clarke GIS Internet GuideClarke GIS Internet Guide

GIS daily internet news/jobsGIS daily internet news/jobs

http://http://www.geoplace.comwww.geoplace.com http://www.giscafe.comhttp://www.giscafe.com http://www.gis.comhttp://www.gis.com http://www.geographynetwork.comhttp://www.geographynetwork.com http://www.census.gov/geo/www/faqhttp://www.census.gov/geo/www/faq--index.htmlindex.html http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/home/giswww.htmlhttp://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/home/giswww.html http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/EART/abbrev.htmlhttp://www.lib.berkeley.edu/EART/abbrev.html

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Next Topic:Next Topic:

GIS FunctionalityGIS Functionality