GIS Enterprise Architectures
Jan 05, 2016
GIS Enterprise Architectures
The Trends - Moving GIS into the IT Mainstream
Tools
Centralized
Standalone
GIS Data
Mapping System
Legacy data migration
Isolated spatial analysis
Integrated technology
Distributed
Embedded
Spatially enabled data
Database System
Legacy data access
Enterprise spatial analysis
1990
The Distributed WorldEvolving requirements on the PC platform
Users = Employees
Leased lines
Alphanumeric data
Serial development
Annual updates
7x24 = Exotic
High priests
Users = WWW
Virtual private nets
Multimedia data
Iterative development
JIT deployment
7x24 = Required
Real people
Today
Enterprise GIS
Goals
•Centralized databases and applications.
• Limited software and hardware components.
• Single point of access to department wide data.
• Access and distribution via networks.
Relational Database Integration
• Interactive analytical capabilities
• Geo-processing of relational data
• Analysis across multiple spatial and attribute databases
WorkstationSpatial Data DevelopmentSpatial Data MaintenanceSpatial Data ConversionGIS ProjectsMap Production
UNIX, Lenixand
Windows
GIS Workstations
Desktop GIS ApplicationsQuery and AnalysisAd Hoc MappingGeneral Operations
UNIX, Lenixand
Windows
Object ApplicationsEmbedded ApplicationsSpecific OperationsWork ManagementDelivery RoutingEmergency Response
MicrosoftWindows
WebMappingGIS Information ProductsData PublishingProject ResearchWeb-based Tools
UNIX, Lenixand
Windows
GIS System Evolution
WAN
Centralized DatabaseEnterprise GIS Operations
Centralized Data Administration
Data
Terminals/Browsers
Web map ServersDesktops
Parks
UtilitiesIT
Assessor
WAN
Data WarehouseDepartmental GIS Operations
Centralized Data Sharing
Data
Desktops
Parks
Utilities IT
AssessorWAN
Distributed Client/ServerDepartmental GIS
Desktops
File Servers
Parks
Utilities
Assessor
Client/ServerDepartmental GIS
LAN
File Server
Desktops
Utilities Department
Data SharingPersonal GIS
Utilities Department
Desktops
GIS Enterprise Evolution
Internet GIS OperationsShared Database Environments
Data Integration
InternetTerminals/Browsers
Desktops
Terminal Servers
Application Service Providers
GIS Data Marts
Company GIS
City GIS
County GIS
Intranet
Enterprise GIS OperationsDepartment and Central Database
Data Integration
Data
Terminals/Browsers
Web Map Server
Desktops Parks
UtilitiesIT
Assessor
GIS Applications Network Impact
What GIS Does ...
Graphic Data Representation (Maps)
Large Quantity of Data Analysis
Lots of Network Traffic
Sample 1-MB Map Display
Data
Applications
SMBNFS
File Servers
UNIX or WindowsClients
Query Processing on Client
Client/Server Protocols
Typical Data Transfer100 KB Display Data
Typical Data Transfer1 MB Spatial Data
Cache
TCP/IP
Query Processing on ServerData Server
Display/ControlRemote Terminal
ClientsX-WindowsTerminals
WindowsTerminals
X.11 ICARDP
UNIX Server WTS Server
Application Processing on Server
Cache
Cache
Web Browsers
HTML/GIF
Data Server
Client/Server Performance
Client/Server Communications Network Traffic Transport Time56 Kbps 1.54 Mbps 10 Mbps 100 Mbps
File Server to Workstation Client (NFS)•1 MB 357 Sec. 13 Sec. 2 Sec. 0.2 Sec.
SDE Server to Workstation Client (SDE API)•1 MB 89 Sec. 3.2 Sec. 0.5 Sec. 0.05 Sec.
UNIX Application Server to X-Terminal Client•100 KB 18 Sec. 0.6 Sec. 0.1 Sec. 0.01 Sec.
Windows Terminal Server to Terminal Client (ICA)•100 KB 0.3 Sec. 0.013 Sec. 0.002 Sec. 0.0002 Sec.
Web Server to Browser Client (HTML/GIF)•100 KB 0.3 Sec. 0.013 Sec. 0.002 Sec. 0.0002 Sec.
50% Data Compression
Up to 98% Data Compression
GIS Product Architecture
The Shift To N-Tier
1-Tier2-Tier
N-Tier
Mainframe Apps
Mini-Computer Apps
Corporate Applications
(Often departmental)
Distributed Production
Web Aware/Web Scale
eCommerce
Client/Server
Internet/Enterprise
19881990
19921994
19961998
Monolithic/Automation
Client BusinessRule
Server
DataServer
N-tier Architecture for the Web
System Architecture Options
Desktops-Analysis-Maintenance-Operations-Studies
Laptops-Data Updates-Analysis
Browsers-Map Products-Analysis-Operations-Studies
PerformanceScalabilityHigh Availability
Remote Sites
Web
Web Browsers-Data Download-Maps on Demand-Data Shipping
WWW
WAN
Terminals-Analysis-Maintenance-Operations-Studies
WTS
100 Mbps Ethernet
GISServer
File/ImageServer
DBMSServer
Storage Area Network
Files Attributes
Data Resources
Files
Web-GISServer
Multi-User Environment
Multi-User, Versioned
OO-GIS DBMS
Data ImporterWorkstation
Map Server
Feature Server
Data ProductionWorkstation
Desktop Clients -- Not web-based so don’t need Map Server
OO Database
Behavior of different kinds of features can be stored and executed from the central database, instead of being repeated in each client application -- reduces traffic over the network Object lifecycle rules Data capture criteria Data integrity validation rules Multi-user conflict resolution rules Symbolic representation rules
Approvedversion
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Trends in Industry
Growing adoption of O-O web-enabled IT for GIS software development, marketing, distribution, support
Multi-user GIS with feature versioning for data production and maintenance
Integration of ODBMS with RDBMS in enterprise, with multi-tiered web-based application architectures
Industry Trends - 2 Use of CORBA & Java technology for distributed
applications
OLE for embedding maps within desktop applications
OpenGIS for cross-vendor interoperability
Support for multiple standard languages (C++, Java, Visual Basic) in commercial GIS products for different levels of applications and users within an enterprise