GIS and Crime Mapping

GIS and Crime Mapping“Any sufficiently advanced technology is

indistinguishable from magic.” ~ Arthur C. Clark

Fei Bu and Coriana Fitz

How crime mapping differs from other maps

http://www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&hl=en&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=639&q=GIS+layers&gbv=2&oq=GIS+layers&aq=f&aqi=g1&aql=1&gs_sm=e&gs_upl=34164l37113l0l37284l10l9l0l4l4l0l281l780l2.1.2l5l0

General Map

Crime Map

Before the Beginning…

Choropleth maps display quantities of things in areas.

divided into polygons, then shaded to show trends

First Chloropleth maps: 1829 Adriano Balbi and André Michel Guerry

Chloropleth map depicting property crimes in France, made by Guerry.

Chamard, Sharon. The History of Crime Mapping and Its Use by American Police Departments, Alaska Justice Forum. 2006 http://justice.uaa.alaska.edu/forum/23/3fall2006/a_crimemapping.html

André-Michel Guerry, Wikipedia. 2011. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Michel_Guerry

Pin maps/Point maps

Pin map of the United States

Map in which points represent particular geographical locations.

First pin map: Sophonsiba Breckenridge and Edith Abbott

All that with no computers!

Chamard, Sharon. The History of Crime Mapping and Its Use by American Police Departments, Alaska Justice Forum. 2006 http://justice.uaa.alaska.edu/forum/23/3fall2006/a_crimemapping.html

No more mess in the office!

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&biw=1366&bih=639&gbv=2&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=messy+office&oq=messy+office&aq=f&aqi=&aql=1&gs_sm=e&gs_upl=2965l4447l0l4572l6l6l0l0l0l0l171l421l4.1l5l0

Targeting Crime Integrating data

Arranging the police forces properly

Easier to research

Decreasing the crime rate effectively

http://www.google.com/imgres?q=crime+GIS&hl=en&sa=X&tbm=isch&prmd=ivns&tbnid=-RGnsMePLTy1EM:&imgrefurl

Video Time! From:

http://www.13hh.com/video/20595.html

Con

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ing

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CompStatJack Maple was the Deputy Police Commissioner in

New York City for Crime Control Strategies. He created CompStat.

CompStat (Computer Statistics) is a dynamic approach to crime reduction, quality of life improvement, and personnel and resource management.

Maple co-authored the book The Crime Fighter and inspired CBS’ TV series The District.

Cast of The District, the TV series inspired by Maple’s experience.

CompStat, Wikipedia. 2011 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CompStat  Jack Maple, Wikipedia, 2011http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Maple

Economic crimeAnalyze and

generalize the enormous transaction data

As a reference evidence in court

http://www.sbsm.gov.cn/article/mtbd/200901/20090100047266.shtml

Crime mapping used by citizens

Learn more about Community safety

Consider it as a criterion when move to a new community

Increasing use of Crime mapping

By 2002, At least 13 percent of the police departments in the U.S. are now using GIS to solve crimes, according to the National Institute of Justice (NIJ).

Negative aspects

The skill it takes to learn GIS is often underestimated. Integrating the mapping into departmental routine requires substantial effort.

It is essential to have working computers and programs to use GIS. If the database gets hacked, a virus infects the computer system, or power outage occurs, the GIS functionality decreases.

Crime prevention GIS can:Record and map police activity and crime incidents.Identify crime hotspotsUnderstand crime distribution, explore methods,

reasons, and trends in criminal activity.Monitor the impact of crime reduction projects.Use maps to communicate to the public crime rates in

their area.

That guy needs better crime prevention strategies.

Hey, that’s my

donut!

Chainey, Spencer, Ratcliffe, Jerry. GIS and Crime Mapping. Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated. 2005

SummaryThere are several additional layers in maps used to

fight crime.Choropleth and Pin maps were used before GIS to find

trends in crime.GIS can be used to track criminals. CompStat is an

effective way to monitor crime. It’s used by police departments in most major cities.

GIS can prevent traditional crime and new-type crime.Citizens uses crime map to learn the community

safety.The difficulty in leaning GIS applications and the

potential for computer failure are negative aspects.

Any Questions?

Ask Questions! Or I will have to smile and beat you with

my bat…