Slide 1
Jaipur Institute of Engineering & TechnologyA Seminar
PresentationOnNuclear Fuel and Generation of Electric
PowerSubmitted To:Mr.Anil AgarwalHODDept. Of Mechanical Engineering
JIET
Submitted By:Girdhari Lal SainiRoll no. 11ejame0337th
SemMechanical EngineeringJIET2014-2015
Why Nuclear Energy
Overview of NPP.
A bit about RAPS.
Generation of Nuclear Energy
Topics CoveredWhy nuclear energy? Eco Friendly
Nuclear fuel is highly dense Improves quality of living
India have got enough deposits of nuclear fuel
Nuclear power is completely eco friendly Negligible emission of
green house gases.
Very small waste is produced that too is in concentrated
form.
The byproduct from on stage of reactor can be used by the
successive stage one.Nuclear fuel is highly dense1 Kg of
fuelElectricity Produced Firewood1 Kilo watt Coal3 Kilo Watt Oil4
Kilo Watt Natural uranium50,000 Kilo Watt Plutonium6 crore Kilo
wattIndia have got enough deposits of Nuclear FuelURANIUM India has
an estimated 1.07 lakh tons of identified raw uranium reserves.
The mineral is mostly found in the form of triuranium octaoxide
(U3O8).
A majority of the resources are found in the uranium provinces
of Singhbhum (Jharkhand), Mahadek (Meghalaya) and Kadapa (Andhra
Pradesh).
THORIUM India has more than 360 000 tons of high quality thorium
deposits.
Monazite is the chief source of thorium in the world.
India possesses the largest deposits of monazite in the
world.
In India monazite is found in the coastal tracts of Cuttak and
Ganjam distrats of Orissa.
In Andhra Pradesh thick limonite and monazite placers are found
around Vishakhapatnam and Bhimunipatnam.
THE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
8Nuclear Fission When a neutron strikes an atom of uranium, the
uranium splits into two lighter atoms and releases heat
simultaneously.
Fission of heavy elements is an exothermic reaction which
releases large amounts of energy both as electromagnetic radiation
and as kinetic energy of the fragments.Nuclear Fuel Nuclear fuel is
any material that can be consumed to derive nuclear energy. Nuclear
FuelFissile Materials(U235, Pu239)Fertile Materials(Th232, U238)
Natural Uranium consists of 0.7% U235 and 99.3% of U238.
NUCLEAR FUEL COMPLEXNuclear Fuel Bundle
Calandria model - front view
Nuclear Chain Reactions A chain reaction refers to a process in
which neutrons released in fission produce an additional fission
and at least one further nucleus. This nucleus in turn produces
neutrons, and the process repeats. If the process is controlled it
is used for nuclear power or if uncontrolled it is used for nuclear
weapons.Nuclear Reactions92U238 + 0n1 92U239 + r 93Np239
94Pu239Typical fission reaction: 92U235 + 0n1 38Sr90 + 54Xe144 + 2
0n1 + r + 200MeVReactor poisoning reaction: 52Te 135 53I135 54Xe135
55Cs135 56Ba135 (Stable)About 200MeV of energy is released during
per fission.
U23592n 1 0The Fission ProcessA neutron travels at high speed
towards a uranium-235 nucleus.U23592n 1 0The neutron strikes the
nucleus which then captures the neutron.The Fission
ProcessU23692The nucleus changes from being uranium-235 to
uranium-236 as it has captured a neutron.The Fission ProcessThe
uranium-236 nucleus formed is very unstable. It transforms into an
elongated shape for a short time.The Fission ProcessIt then splits
into 2 fission fragments and releases neutrons.The Fission
Process14156Ba 9236Krn 1 0n 1 0n 1 0
CALANDRIA - INSIDE VIEW
22 A nuclear reactor is a device in which nuclear chain
reactions are initiated, controlled, and sustained at a steady
rate, as opposed to a nuclear bomb, in which the chain reaction
occurs in a fraction of a second and is uncontrolled causing an
explosion.
India have 3-stage program.1st stage PHWR(Pressurized Heavy
Water Reactor)2nd stage Fast Breeder Reactor3rd stage AHWR(Advanced
Heavy Water Reactor)Nuclear ReactorBoiling Water Reactor (BWR)
Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR)
PHWR (Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor)
Advanced Gas Cooled Reactor (AGR)
Liquid Metal Cooled Reactor
Fast-Breeder Reactor Power reactors employed in nuclear power
plants are:Control Rods Steam GeneratorsSteam TurbineCoolant
PumpFeed PumpCondenserCooling Tower
Parts used in NPP
High pressure turbine rotorLow pressure turbine rotorSteam is
expanded in turbine nozzle.In this partial expansion takes place in
the nozzle. Pressure on the two sides of moving blades are
same.There is difference in pressure on the two sides of moving
blades.RAWATBHATA RAJASTHAN SITE
CAPACITY OF OPERATING UNITSUNIT/CAPACITYRATED CAPACITY
MWeOPERATING CAPACITY MWe*RAPS-1
220150RAPS 2
220200RAPS 3220220RAPS 4220220*Under Long Shutdown
RAJASTHAN ATOMIC POWER STATION 1 &229 RAJASTHAN ATOMIC POWER
STATION 3 & 4
30 RAJASTHAN ATOMIC POWER STATION 5 & 6
31RAJASTHAN ATOMIC POWER PROJECT 7&8
l l l l l IN OPERATION n n n UNDER CONSTRUCTION KUDANKULAM
NARORA RAJASTHANKAKRAPARTARAPURKAIGAMADRASn l Indian NPPs
RAPS-1&2TAPS-1&2MAPS-1&2NAPS-1&2RAPP-3/4KAIGA-1/2
nl
KGS-1&2&3RAPS-3&4RAPS-5&6
TAPS-3&4
RAPP-7&8-THANK YOU
Queries??