Page 1
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
Gingelly(Sesamum indicum)
Group No: 02Export Agriculture Degree Programme
Page 2
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
Content• Introduction• Scientific classification• Major growing areas• Ecological requirement• Morphology• Varieties• Management practices• Pest and diseases• Uses• Advantages of growing sesame• Constraints
Page 3
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
Introduction• Queen of oil seeds• Contain approximately 50% oil and 25% protein.• One of the oldest cultivated plants in the world.• Sesame oil contains about 47% oleic and 39% linoleic acid.
Page 4
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
• Most of wild species of the genus Sesamum are native to Africa south of the Saharan• Sesame is grown in many parts of the world on over 5 million acres (20,000 km2)• The largest producers of the crop in 2007 were India, China, Myanmar, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda and Nigeria • 70% -Grown in Asia• 26% -Grown in Africa
Page 5
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
Scientific Classification
Kingdom : Plantae
Order : Lamiales
Family : Pedaliaceae
Genus : Sesamum
Species : S.indicum
Page 6
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
In the world;• China• India • Pakistan
In Sri Lanka;• Jaffna• Anuradhapura• Pollonnaruwa• Wavniya
Major Growing Areas
Page 7
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
Ecological Requirement
• Rainfall – A early stage 500mm-600mm Can cultivate in both;
YalaMaha
• Soil condition – Well drain; Sandy loam soil• T range of 25 - 27 0 C encourages rapid germination initial growth and flower formation
Page 8
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
Morphology• Broadleaf plant • An annual plant growing to 50 to 100 cm tallFlowers
White to purple, tubular, 3 to 5 cm long, with a four-lobed mouth
Fruit Deeply grooved capsule that contains 50 to 50 to 100 or more seeds
Page 9
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
Root Tap root systemLeavesVaried shapes, either oval or lanciolate and fluffy on both sidesSeed • Capsules are 1 to 1 1/2 inches long, with 8 rows of seeds in each capsule• Seeds are small and vary in color.• Lighter colored seeds are considered higher higher quality
Page 10
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
VarietiesVariety Colour of seed Oil content Maturation
period
MI 1 Black 45% 85 days
MI 2 Black 45% 85 days
MI 3 White 48-49% 80-85 days
Page 11
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
Variety of Colour of seed
Maturation period
Harvest
Uma White 70-75 days 700kg/ha
Malee Brown 80-85 days 650kg/ha
Other Varieties
Page 12
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
Land preparation• Sesame seeds are very small and sensitive to tilth of the soil • Should be weed free and well leveled for sowing
Page 13
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
Thinned outWhen plants having 3-4 leaves
Fertilizing
Management Practices
Kg/ha Urea TSP MOP
Basal dressing
50 120 60
Top dressing
60 - -
Page 14
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
Weed Control
• Within 1st month of planting• Weeding-after 2weeks of planting• Remove/thin out excess plants• After 4weeks again can do weeding
Mulching in sesame cultivation
Page 15
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
• Mature between 3-4 months• Bottom seeds ripening first• Capsules shattering to shed their seeds is a problem in harvesting• Plants are cut to a height of 10-15 cm or uprooted before capsules are fully ripened
Harvesting
Page 16
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
The optimum time for harvesting is when:
• The first, lowest capsules turn brown and begin to pop open• The stem turns yellow• The leaves begin to fall off• Blossoming has finished• The leaves have turned yellow
Page 17
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
Processing• To prevent sand been mixed spread the seeds on magal or polythene• Remove the separated seeds and clean them and store them
Page 18
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
Major Problem• About 99% of the Gingelly grown in the world is harvested manually • Because the capsules shatter when they dry down• Gingelly pods that open and the seed fall down
Page 19
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
Further more……Crop duration80-85 days
Seed rateBroadcasting – 7kg/haRow seeding – 5kg/ha
Time of plantingYala season – Mid March- Early AprilMaha season – At early October
Seeding and spacingSpace between two rows – 30cmSpace between two plants – 15 cm
Page 20
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
Major Pests in Gingelly
• Sesame gall midge (Asphondylia sesami)
• Spider mites (Tetranychus spp.)
• Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci)
• Cut worm (Agrotia spp.)
• Aphids
Page 21
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
Other Pests• Devil grasshopper (Diabolocatantops axillaries)
• Army worm (Helicoverpa fletcheri)
• Green stink bug (Nezara viridula)
• Bean weevil (Callosobruchus analis)
• Sesame webworm (Antigastra catalaunalis)
• Sesame flea beetle (Alocypha bimaculata)
Page 22
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
Major Diseases in Gingelly
• Leaf spot (Pseudomonas syringe)
•Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum)
Page 23
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
• Charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina)
• Powdery mildew (Oidium crysiphoides & Sphaerotheca fuluginea)
• Blight or Black shank (Phytopthora nicolianae)
Page 24
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
Advantages Of Growing Sesame• An adaptable crop grown in arid/semi-arid regions
• Offers more potential return for less cost than other crops
• Can be more profitable with limited resources than other crops using the same level of resources
• Excellent drought and heat tolerance
Page 25
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
• Has shown excellent disease and insect tolerance
• Grows well in no-till and results in mellow soil with residue that allows uniform planting
Page 26
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
Uses Confectioneries and other food items
Page 27
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
• Vegetable oil
• Body massage
• Hair treatment
• Drug manufacturing
• Agrochemical manufacturing
• Soap manufacturing
• Worship
Page 28
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
Constraints in Gingelly Cultivation
• Cultivation of low yielding dehiscent varieties with low harvest index values• Significant yield loss during threshing• Lack of agricultural inputs, improved varieties• Lack of appropriate storage facilities
Page 29
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
Group Members
• M.J.Infaz UWU/EAG/11/0020• R.A.D.S Rupasinghe UWU/EAG/11/0024• Y.S.M.M.P Yallarawa UWU/EAG/11/0029
Page 30
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Pedaliaceae
Genus: Sesamum
Species:
S. indicum
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