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Gila River Indian Community (GRIC) TIP DevelopmentGenerally Applicable Individual Source Requirements

Technical Support Document

MARCH 9, 2001 VERSION

Section VI. D. – VOC Requirements

1.0 Introduction & Source Description1,2,3

The generally applicable individual source requirements for volatile organic compounds (VOC) are intended to cover several subcategories of VOC emitting sources including solvent metal cleaning/degreasing, surface and architectural coating, as well as storage and transfer of volatile liquids. General operating practices for all VOC sources are also included in the regulation. There are numerous VOC emitting sources located on GRIC land that will be covered by this regulation. Currently, most of these sources fall under solvent metal cleaning/degreasing. The pollutant regulated by this portion of the TIP is VOC, although trace amounts of hazardous or toxic air pollutants may also be emitted, however these emissions are not covered by this regulation.

Solvent degreasing (or solvent cleaning) is the process of using organic solvents to remove grease, oils, wax, or soil from various metal, glass, or plastic items. Many facilities on GRIC land conduct some sort of solvent cleaning/degreasing. The majority of these operations are small, simple, batch-type cleaners. Emissions from such sources are small, and these sources are mainly controlled by proper work practices. Larger, or more complex, degreasers have higher emissions and are therefore often required to apply some sort of controls to limit VOC emissions.

Surface coating is the application of decorative or protective materials in liquid or powder form to substrates. Coatings normally include general solvent type paints, varnishes, lacquers, and water thinned paints. Surface coating operations include “industrial” and “nonindustrial” applications. Industrial coating applications are those associated with a manufacturing operation, such as can or other metal coating. Nonindustrial applications include surface coating of architectural structures and automobile refinishing. Architectural structures can include both industrial/commercial structures and nonindustrial structures. VOC emissions from surface coating are mainly dependent on the VOC content of the coating and the method of application.

Storage and handling of volatile liquids also covers a broad range of sources on GRIC land. Volatile liquids include chemicals used in various types of manufacturing, as well as some petroleum products. The loading or transfer of volatile liquids includes activities such as unloading from a delivery vessel into a stationary storage tank and loading tanker trucks or railcars from storage vessels at a facility. VOC emissions from these sources depend on the liquid involved (e.g., its vapor pressure), the storage container, and how the volatile liquid is handled during loading/unloading and disposal.

General VOC TSD_030901 Created on 3/9/01 1

2.0 GRIC Source Profile

The majority of the VOC emitting sources on GRIC land have relatively low emissions. Most sources will be covered under the general work practice standards for degreasers and proper storage and handling of volatile liquids. The potential exists for future facilities in this source category locating on GRIC land. Thus, the regulation was developed to encompass future sources as well.

3.0 Technical Review - Emission Units, Pollutants, and Control Technologies3.1 Emissions and Controls

Emissions from VOC operations depend on the VOC content of the substance, the operating practices implemented during the storage, handling, usage, and disposal of the substance, and any potential controls. Emissions from the individual categories covered by this regulation also depend on other factors, such as the application method for surface coating and the amount of solvent carryout for degreasing. There are typically three methods to control VOC emissions from VOC sources: 1) use of a lower VOC-containing material, 2) process changes and improved work practices, and 3) add-on control devices.

For the sources covered by this regulation, VOC emissions are generated mostly due to evaporation, thus proper work practices are critical to preventing unnecessary emissions. When a reduction in emissions is required, usually the use of lower VOC-containing materials and/or work practice changes are attempted first. If this approach is not possible or additional emission reductions are required, the application of a system to capture the exhaust in conjunction with add-on controls (e.g., carbon adsorption units or condensers) becomes necessary.

3.2 Emission Unit/Pollutant Matrix

Emission units and pollutants associated with the subcategories of VOC sources are presented in Table 3-1.

Table 3-1. Emission Unit/Pollutant Matrix

Source Subcategory Emission Unit/ Process Pollutant/ParameterSolvent Metal Cleaning/ Degreasing

Cold cleaners, open top vapor degreasers, conveyorized degreasers

VOC, potentially HAPs depending on the solvent

Surface coating Industrial and nonindustrial coating applications

VOC, potentially HAPs depending on the coating

Storage, transfer, and disposal of VOC

Storage tanksLoading/unloading facilitiesDisposal of VOCs

VOC, potentially HAPs depending on the substance

4.0 Regulatory Review and Proposed Rule Derivation


4.1 Tribal Programs/Rules

A comprehensive review of U.S. tribal air quality programs was performed to define the baseline of existing tribal rules and source specific standards. The summary findings of this review are contained in a separate report. Where tribal rules and standards were identified that were applicable to GRIC source categories or met GRIC regulatory objectives, those provisions and requirements are detailed herein.

No tribal programs or rules were identified that pertain to the VOC operations covered in this proposed ordinance.

4.2 Federal Programs and Regulations

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed several Control Technique Guidelines (CTG) for source types covered by this regulation (various surface coating operations and solvent metal cleaning). These documents discuss how VOCs are emitted and recommend controls to reduce emissions depending on the source type. For example, surface coating operations are controlled primarily by limits on the VOC content. Many State regulations are based on the guidance provided in the CTGs. Consequently, while the individual types of surface coating operations covered in State regulations may seem arbitrary, they follow directly from the categories covered by the CTGs.

Several New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) and one National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) were identified as potentially applicable to the VOC source category. The NSPS cover storage vessels and several types of surface coating (e.g., metal furniture, beverage cans, metal coils). There are three NSPS subparts that cover storage vessels, which are broken out by the type of liquid stored and encompass a specific range of dates for applicability. The earlier two subparts (Subparts K and Ka) cover only petroleum liquids, while the most recent subpart (Subpart Kb) covers the broader category of volatile organic liquids, which includes petroleum liquids. Due to the limitations on applicability of the earlier two subparts, only the requirements of Subpart Kb are summarized in this TSD.

Currently, no surface coating operations on GRIC land are covered by the specific NSPS subparts for surface coating. Also, there is one facility on GRIC land with a vapor degreaser using trichloroethylene, but it is not a major source of HAPs (i.e., emissions are less than 10 tpy for a single HAP and less than 25 tpy for total combined HAPs), so NESHAP Subpart T (for Halogenated Solvent Cleaning) is not applicable. Thus, the requirements contained in the NSPS subparts covering surface coating operations and the halogenated solvent cleaning NESHAP are not summarized as part of this TSD.

4.3 State/Regional/Local Regulations


To define State, regional, and local air quality rules applicable to the source categories present or expected to potentially site on GRIC land, representative U.S. State air quality rules were screened using Internet resources. This screening identified each State air quality rule set with source specific regulations matching the matrix of GRIC source categories. The summary State rule screening file, STATEMATRIX.xls, is included in Appendix A of this document. From this, specific rule provisions applicable to the general VOC source category, including emission limitations, standards, monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting were documented to form a baseline of analogous State rules. Because of the broad representation of State/Local rules affecting VOC sources, only a subset of programs were reviewed.

State/Regional/Local rules were selected for consideration in TIP development based on stringency, technical merit (e.g., work practice standards, control options), presentation, and enforceability considerations. The following State/Regional/Local programs were reviewed:

Arizona Air Regulations– Rule R18-2-727: Standards of Performance for Spray Painting Operations

Maricopa County Air Regulations– Rule 315: Spray Coating Operations– Rule 330: Volatile Organic Compounds– Rule 331: Solvent Cleaning– Rule 335: Architectural Coatings– Rule 336: Surface Coating Operations

Pinal County Air Regulations– Chapter 4, Article 9: Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions– Chapter 5, Article 12: Architectural Coatings

California Air Resources BoardBay Area Air Quality Management District Air Regulations

– Regulation 8, Rule 4: General Solvent and Surface Coating Operations– Regulation 8, Rule 16: Solvent Cleaning Operations

California Air Resources BoardKern County Air Pollution Control District

– Rule 413: Organic Liquid Loading California Air Resources Board

South Coast Air Quality Management District Air Regulations– Rule 462: Organic Liquid Loading– Rule 463: Organic Liquid Storage– Rule 1113: Architectural Coating– Rule 1122: Solvent Degreasers

Alabama Air Regulations– Rule 335-3-6-.03: Loading and Storage of VOC

Colorado Air Regulations– Regulation 7, Section III: General Requirements for Storage and Transfer of

Volatile Organic Compounds– Regulation 7, Section IV: Storage of Highly Volatile Organic Compounds– Regulation 7, Section V: Disposal of Volatile Organic Compounds


– Regulation 7, Section IX: Surface Coating Operations Delaware Air Regulations

– Regulation 24, Section 33: Solvent Metal Cleaning Illinois Air Regulations

– Subpart B: Organic Emissions from Storage and Loading Operations Kansas Air Regulations

Regulation 28-19-75: Solvent Metal Cleaning Louisiana Air Regulations

Chapter 21, Section 2103: Storage of Volatile Organic Compounds Chapter 21, Section 2107: Volatile Organic Compounds - Loading

Maine Air Regulations– Regulation 06-096, Chapter 129: Surface Coating Facilities– Regulation 06-096, Chapter 130: Solvent Degreasers

New Jersey Air Regulations– Regulation 7:27-16.2: Storage of Volatile Organic Compounds

New York Air Regulations– Part 228: Surface Coating Processes

North Carolina Air Regulations– Rule 2D.0518: Miscellaneous Volatile Organic Compound Emissions– Rule 2D.0948: VOC Emissions from Transfer Operations

Oklahoma Air Regulations– Rule 252:100-37-15: Storage of VOCs– Rule 252:100-37-16: Loading of VOCs– Rule 252:100-39-42: Metal Cleaning

Rhode Island Air Regulations Regulation 36: Control of Emissions from Organic Solvent Cleaning

Wisconsin Air Regulations– Chapter NR 419.04: Disposal of VOC wastes– Chapter NR 423: Control of Organic Compound Emissions from Solvent

Cleaning Operations

Relevant emission standards and limitations from these programs are summarized in the next section.

4.4 Analysis of Source Category Emission Limitations and Standards

4.4.1 Summary and Analysis of Identified Rules/Standards

In order to evaluate the range of existing tribal, federal, state, and local air quality standards relevant to the VOC source categories and make GRIC TIP recommendations, the available data set was condensed and organized by emission source. Tables 4-1 through 4-5 provide a summary of selected existing standards for the VOC source categories. The tables are organized by type of activity as follows:

Table 4-1 General VOC Operations


Table 4-2 Solvent CleaningTable 4-3 Surface CoatingTable 4-4 Architectural CoatingTable 4-5 VOC Storage, Transfer, and Disposal

Table 4-1 contains a summary of regulations applicable to general VOC sources. This category is designed to be applicable to sources not covered under specific source category requirements elsewhere in the regulation. General VOC operations cover requirements for VOC that are more general in nature (i.e., not associated with a specific activity like degreasing or surface coating). These usually include an emission threshold in lb/day or an annual limit. Sources with emissions above the threshold are required to reduce their emissions by using lower VOC-containing materials, improved work practices, and/or add-on air pollution control devices.


Table 4-1. Summary of Emission Limits and Standards: General VOC Operations

SourceSub-category

Pollutant/Parameter

Emission Limits/Standards/Controls Source (Reference)

General Limits on VOC

VOC Operations involving heat: emissions < 15 lb VOC/day from any machine, equipment, device, or other article in which VOC or any material containing VOC comes into contact with flame or is evaporated at temperatures exceeding 200 degrees F in the presence of oxygen, or reduce as below

Non-complying solvents: emissions < 40 lb VOC/day from any machine, equipment, device, or other article for employing, applying, evaporating or drying any non-complying solvent or material containing a non-complying solvent, or reduce as below

Process lines: VOC emissions from any series of machines, equipment, devices, or other articles that are designed for processing any item including continuous web(s), strip(s), or wire(s) and use operations described above shall be collectively subject to the limitations

Reduce via incineration (85% overall efficiency), adsorption (85% overall efficiency), using a low VOC material, or equivalent system yielding 85% overall efficiency

Maricopa County Rule 330

VOC Photochemically reactive solvents OR any emissions unit in which an organic solvent or material containing organic solvents comes into contact with flame, or is baked, heat-cured, or heat-polymerized in the presence of oxygen: > 40 lb VOC/day (calculated on a 7-day rolling average basis) control emissions by either a primary control (at least 90% efficiency with incineration, adsorption, or equivalent) or alternative control (case-by-case determination by Control Officer of reasonable controls for the source)

Pinal County Chapter 4, Article 9

VOC All sources at any one plant site: emissions < 40 lb/day of photochemically reactive solvent from any article, machine, equipment, or other contrivance used from employing, applying, evaporating, or drying any photochemically reactive solvent or substance containing such solvent unless the discharge is reduced by at least 85% by weight

If control equipment is installed and operated that meets the requirements of best available control technology the source shall be exempt from the above requirement

Recycled solvents shall be considered non-photochemically reactive if the solvents are recycled on-site, the solvents were originally non-photochemically reactive, and all make-up solvents added are non-photochemically reactive

North Carolina Rule.0518

VOC Limitation on operations involving heat: no emissions > 2.5 tons of precursor organic compounds annualized over a calendar year from any operation in which organic solvent or any material containing organic solvent comes in contact with flame or is baked, heat cured, or heat polymerized in the presence of oxygen

Limitation on solvents and surface coatings: no emissions > 5 tons of precursor organic compounds annualized over a calendar year; can be accomplished by modifying processing procedures, equipment, and/or materials

Bay Area AQMD Regulation 8, Rule 4


Tables 4-2 through 4-5 summarize the regulatory requirements for the source specific categories. They are organized by sub-category with the State regulations listed first alphabetically, followed by Maricopa and Pinal Counties as well as the California districts, as applicable. General operating requirements (e.g., using closed containers to reduce evaporation) are common to various activities using VOCs. In most State rules these provisions are often repeated in each individual regulation for the different source types (e.g., solvent cleaning and surface coating). The requirements are included with the specific source categories in Tables 4-2 through 4-5, but to avoid redundancy the proposed VOC regulation will have these requirements as a separate section applicable to all VOC sources.

Table 4-2 summarizes the requirements for solvent cleaning. The types of solvent cleaning operations covered in most State regulations are based on those covered in the solvent metal cleaning (degreasing) CTG. These include cold cleaners, open top vapor degreasers, and conveyorized parts cleaners. Emission controls in the CTG encompass equipment specifications, including the use of some control devices, as well as work practice requirements. The State regulations are similar, although some go beyond the requirements in the CTG. Table 4-2 uses Delaware Regulation 24, Section 33 (Solvent Metal Cleaning) and the CTG as a “baseline,” and then highlights individual components of other State/local regulations that go beyond this baseline.

The application of surface coatings is broken into two categories -- industrial-type surface coating and architectural coating. Both of these source types are usually regulated by a VOC content for the material being applied, but they encompass a different subset of materials. In order to facilitate comparison among the regulations, industrial-type surface coating requirements are provided in Table 4-3 and architectural coating requirements are presented separately in Table 4-4.

Table 4-5 includes requirements for the storage, transfer, and disposal of VOCs. This covers the type of storage container as well as methods used when loading and unloading materials containing VOCs. Also included in several regulations are provisions covering the disposal of VOCs. One of the primary methods for VOCs to be emitted is through evaporation and these requirements are aimed at reducing emissions through proper disposal techniques.


Table 4-2. Summary of Emission Limits and Standards: Solvent Cleaning

SourceSub-category

Pollutant/Parameter


Cold Cleaning Facilities

VOC Equip cleaner with a cover; easily operated with one hand if the solvent true vapor pressure is > 0.3 pounds per square inch (psi) (at 100 degrees F), is agitated, or is heated

Equip with internal drainage so parts are enclosed while draining if solvent true vapor pressure is > 0.6 psi (at 100 degrees F), unless an internal type will not fit into the existing cleaning system

If the solvent true vapor pressure is > 0.6 psi (at 100 degrees F) or if solvent is heated above 120 degrees F, implement one of the following controls:- Freeboard that gives a freeboard ratio of > 0.7- Water cover at least 1 inch deep (solvent insoluble and

heavier than water)- System of equivalent controls such as a refrigerated

chiller or carbon adsorber Provide a label summarizing the operating requirements Store waste solvent in covered containers Close the cover whenever the cleaner is not being used Drain cleaned parts until dripping ceases If using a solvent spray, supply one that is a solid fluid stream

(not a fine, atomized, or shower-type spray) at a pressure that is < 10 psi gauge

Do not degrease materials that are porous or absorbent

Delaware Regulation 24 and EPA’s Control Technique Guidelines

VOC Same basic requirements as Delaware Regulation 24 plus: Do not dispose/transfer waste solvent such that it can

evaporate into the atmosphere If the option for an equivalent control is chosen, the VOC

reduction efficiency of the system must be 65% or greater

Kansas Regulation 28-19-75

VOC Same basic requirements as Delaware Regulation 24 plus: When the cover is open, do not expose the top to drafts

> 131.2 ft/min (as measures between 1-2 meters upwind and at the same elevation as tank lip)

Do not operate the degreaser upon the occurrence of any visible solvent leak until leak is repaired

Maine Regulation 06-096, Chapter 130

VOC Same basic requirements as Delaware Regulation 24 plus: The cover/door must be easily operated with one hand

(regardless of solvent vapor pressure) If the option for an equivalent control is chosen, the VOC


Oklahoma Regulation 100-39-42

VOC Same basic requirements as Delaware Regulation 24 plus: The attached cover must be easily operated with one hand

(regardless of solvent vapor pressure) If the degreaser is equipped with a lip exhaust, the cover shall

be located below the lip exhaust For the control options:

- The freeboard ratio must be > 0.75- The water cover depth must be at least 4 inches

The height of solvent shall not exceed the manufacturer’s fill-line for that machine

Rhode Island Regulation 36


SourceSub-category

Pollutant/Parameter


Cold Cleaning FacilitiesCont’d.

VOC Same basic requirements as Delaware Regulation 24 plus: Provide supervision or instruction adequate to ensure that

operation is conducted in accord with requirements Repair leaks immediately or shut down the unit If the solvent volatility is > 0.3 psia (at 100 degrees F), is

agitated, or heated, design the cover so that it is either a roll-top, canvas curtain, guillotine (biparting), or any other type that slides off horizontally and is designed to be opened/ closed without disturbing the vapor layer or solvent surface

If the option for an equivalent control is chosen, it shall be equivalent to that achieved under a freeboard ratio of 1.0

Wisconsin Regulation NR 423

VOC Non-vapor cleaning machines require the use of solvents with specified vapor pressures, an emission control system, or a sealed system and:- If it has a remote reservoir, it shall be equipped with a

sink-like work area or basin sloped such that pooling is prevented; a single, unimpeded drain opening or cluster of openings served by a single drain (openings shall be contained within a contiguous area < 15.5 in2); and provide a means for drainage of cleaned parts such that the drained solvent is returned to the cleaning machine

- If it has an internal reservoir (non-remote), it shall be equipped with an internal drainage rack or other assembly that confines within the freeboard all solvent dripping from parts and returns it to the degreaser hold; have an impervious cover that when closed prevents vapors from escaping (is between solvent and lip exhaust/safety vent) unless using an emission control system; a freeboard height of > 6 inches unless other standards apply; and a mark locating the maximum allowable solvent level

If the solvent is heated above 120 degree F, is non-conforming, or is agitated:- For remote reservoirs, use a drain stopper or a covering

whenever the sink/cabinet is empty- For internal reservoirs, either a water cover at least 1 inch

thick and a freeboard > 6 inches above the top of the solvent, or a freeboard ratio > 0.75 and an impervious cover (if non-conforming solvent in used, the cover shall be a sliding or rolling type that moves horizontally without disturbing the vapor zone)

- For cabinet style machines, keep closed at all times when contains solvent, except when work entering/exiting


VOC Same basic requirements as Delaware Regulation 24 plus: Regardless of vapor pressure, agitation, or whether heated,

apply controls: either freeboard ratio > 0.75 and maximum solvent level marked; water cover; freeboard chiller; enclosed design; or control device with > 90% efficiency or < 10 lb/day

Solvent VOC content < 50 g/l, if meet this controls are not required


VOC Same basic requirements as Delaware Regulation 24 plus: Solvent VOC content < 50 g/l or be used in an air-tight or

airless cleaning system

South Coast AQMD Rule 1122


SourceSub-category

Pollutant/Parameter


Vapor Degreasers

VOC Equip degreaser with a cover that can be opened and closed easily without disturbing the vapor zone

Provide the following safety switches:- Vapor level thermostat- Spray safety switch

Implement one of the following controls:- Freeboard ratio > 0.75, and if degreaser opening is > 1

m3, a powered cover- Refrigerated chiller- Enclosed design (cover or door opens only when the dry

part is actually entering or exiting the degreaser)- Carbon adsorption system (with ventilation > 50

ft3/min/ft2 of air/solvent interface and exhausting < 25 parts per million of solvent averaged over 1 complete adsorption cycle or 24 hours, whichever is less

- System of equivalent control Keep cover closed at all times except when processing work

loads through the degreaser Minimize solvent carryout Do not degrease materials that are porous or absorbent Do not occupy more that ½ of the degreaser’s open-top area

with workload Always spray within the vapor level Repair solvent leaks immediately, or shutdown the unit Store waste solvent only in covered containers Operate the cleaner so that water cannot be visually detected

in solvent exiting the water separator Use no ventilation fans near the degreaser opening When the cover is open, do not expose the degreaser to drafts

> 131 ft/min (as measures between 1-2 meters upwind and at the same elevation as tank lip)

If a lip exhaust is used on the open-top vapor degreaser, do not use a ventilation rate > 65 ft3/min/ft2 of degreaser open area, unless necessary to meet OSHA requirements

Provide a label summarizing the operating requirements


VOC Same basic requirements as Delaware Regulation 24 plus: Additional safety switches:

- Condenser coolant flow and high level thermostat switch- Solvent level control- Sump thermostat

If the option for an equivalent control is chosen, the VOC reduction efficiency of the system must be 65% or greater

Do not load the degreaser to the point where the vapor level would drop more then 4 inches when workload is removed from the vapor zone

Do not dispose/transfer waste solvent such that it can evaporate into the atmosphere



SourceSub-category

Pollutant/Parameter


Vapor DegreasersCont’d.

VOC Same basic requirements as Delaware Regulation 24 plus: If the vapor degreaser is equipped with a lip exhaust, the

cover shall be located below the lip exhaust Equip the degreaser with a baffle on the windward side If the refrigerated chiller control option is chosen, the chilled

air blanket temperature must be < 30% of the solvent’s boiling point in degrees F measured at the centroid of the degreaser at the coldest point


VOC Same basic requirements as Delaware Regulation 24 plus: If the option for an equivalent control is chosen, the VOC



VOC Same basic requirements as Delaware Regulation 24 plus: Provide supervision or instruction adequate to ensure that

operating procedures are followed Equip the vapor degreaser with an enclosed design

(cover/door only opens when the dry part is actually entering/exiting) and design the cover so that it is either a roll-top, canvas curtain, guillotine (biparting), or any other type that slides off horizontally and is designed to be opened/ closed without disturbing the vapor layer or solvent surface; if the opening is >2 m2, design the cover to be an automated, powered, or mechanically assisted sliding cover

If the option for an equivalent control is chosen, it shall be equivalent to that achieved under a freeboard ratio of 1.0

At startup, turn on the refrigerated condenser and refrigerated freeboard chiller either simultaneously with or before the sump heater; at shutdown turn off the sump heater either simultaneously with or before the refrigerated condenser and refrigerated freeboard chiller


VOC Same basic requirements as Delaware Regulation 24 plus: Be equipped with a primary condenser (maintains exit

temperature < 85 degrees F) or refrigerated condenser coil AND a freeboard ratio > 0.75

Vapor cleaning machines with lip exhausts shall be controlled by an emission control system

As an option to the control requirements in the regulation, a machine can meet the requirements of the National Emission Standard for Halogenated Solvent Cleaning (NESHAP, Subpart T) as if it were subject


VOC Same basic requirements as Delaware Regulation 24 plus: If the option for an equivalent control is chosen, the control

device must be > 90% efficiency or emissions < 10 lb/day


VOC Same basic requirements as Delaware Regulation 24 plus: All open-top vapor degreasers shall be equipped with:

- Automated parts handling system,- Circumferential primary condensing coils,- Circumferential trough,- Water separator,- Freeboard ratio > 1.0, AND- Superheated vapor zone (or a refrigerated freeboard

chiller)



SourceSub-category

Pollutant/Parameter


Conveyorized degreasers

VOC Use no workplace fans near the degreaser opening, and do not use an exhaust ventilation rate > 65 ft3/min/ft2 of degreaser open area, unless necessary to meet OSHA requirements

Install one of the following controls:- Refrigerated chiller- Carbon adsorption system (with ventilation > 50

ft3/min/ft2 of air/solvent interface and exhausting < 25 parts per million of solvent averaged over 1 complete adsorption cycle or 24 hours, whichever is less

- System of equivalent control Equip cleaner with equipment such as a drying tunnel or

rotating (tumbling) basket, sufficient to prevent carryout Provide the following safety switches:

- Condenser flow switch and thermostat- Vapor level control thermostat- Spray safety switch

Minimize openings during operation so that entrances and exits silhouette workloads with an average clearance between the parts and the edge of the degreaser opening < 4 inches or <10% of the width of the opening

Provide downtime covers during shutdown hours, and cover entrances and exits at all times when unit is not in use

Minimize carryout emissions Store waste solvent only in covered containers Repair solvent leaks immediately or shutdown the unit Operate the cleaner so that water cannot be visually detected

in solvent exiting the water separator Do not degrease materials that are porous or absorbent


VOC Same basic requirements as Delaware Regulation 24 plus: If the option for an equivalent control is chosen, the VOC

reduction efficiency of the system must be 65% or greater Additional safety switches:

- Solvent level control- Sump thermostat

Do not dispose/transfer waste solvent such that it can evaporate into the atmosphere


VOC Same basic requirements as Delaware Regulation 24 plus: If the refrigerated chiller control option is chosen, the chilled

air blanket temperature must be < 30% of the solvent’s boiling point in degrees F measured at the centroid of the degreaser at the coldest point


VOC Same basic requirements as Delaware Regulation 24 plus: Provide a label summarizing the operating requirements If the option for an equivalent control is chosen, the VOC



VOC Same basic requirements as Delaware Regulation 24 plus: At startup, turn on the refrigerated condenser and refrigerated

freeboard chiller either simultaneously with or before the sump heater; at shutdown turn off the sump heater either simultaneously with or before the refrigerated condenser and refrigerated freeboard chiller

Provide a label summarizing the operating requirements and supervision/instruction to ensure that procedures are followed



SourceSub-category

Pollutant/Parameter


Conveyorized degreasersCont’d.

VOC Same basic requirements as Delaware Regulation 24 plus: As an option to the control requirements in the regulation, a

machine can meet the requirements of the National Emission Standard for Halogenated Solvent Cleaning (NESHAP, Subpart T) as if it were subject


VOC Same basic requirements as Delaware Regulation 24 plus: A freeboard ratio > 0.75 is also a control device option If the option for an equivalent control is chosen, the control

device must be > 90% efficiency or emissions < 10 lb/day


VOC Same basic requirements as Delaware Regulation 24 plus: Conveyorized cold cleaners: solvent VOC content < 50 g/l Conveyorized vapor degreasers shall be equipped with:

- Automated parts handling system,- Circumferential primary condensing coils,- Circumferential trough,- Water separator,- Freeboard ratio > 1.0,- Refrigerated freeboard chiller, AND- Superheated vapor zone


General Operating Requirements

VOC Comply within 180 days after the facility becomes subject to provisions of the regulation


VOC Handling, storage, and disposal of materials containing VOC, including:- Vapor-tight containers for storage of fresh or spent VOC

containing materials, and for storage or disposal of cloth/paper impregnated with VOC used for surface preparation, clean up, or coating removal

- No clean up of spray equipment with materials containing VOC unless equipment is used to collect the cleaning compounds and minimize their evaporation


VOC Equipment covers and dipping or rotating baskets must be constructed of nonporous or nonabsorbent material

Covers must form a tight seal with the sides of the solvent cleaning machine and have no gaps or holes

Leaks must be repaired immediately or the unit shut down Equipment used in solvent cleaning must display a summary

of operating procedures consistent with minimizing emissions Spills must be wiped up immediately; wipe rags shall be

stored in covered containers Parts shall be oriented for best drainage When solvent is added to or drained from a solvent cleaning

machine it shall be done using threaded or other leakproof couplings, and the end of the pipe in the solvent sump shall be located beneath the liquid surface

Solvent cleaning machines and related control equipment shall be maintained as recommended by the manufacturer

Operators must receive training in proper procedures

Rhode Island Regulation 36


SourceSub-category

Pollutant/Parameter


General Operating RequirementsCont’d.

VOC Requirements for wipe cleaning:- Place all rags/other porous materials used to apply

solvent in a labeled covered container immediately after use

- Store waste solvent in a labeled covered container- Prevent solvent from dripping from the applicator during

solvent application- Install and operate one of the following:

Vapor collection system including a carbon adsorption system with at least 90% capture and control

Solvent with a volatility < 0.3 psia (at 100 degrees F) Equivalent control system

- Provide a label summarizing the operating requirements and supervision/instruction to ensure they are followed


VOC All cleaning solvent, including solvent soaked materials, must be kept in closed leakfree containers that are opened only when adding or removing material

Store rags used for wipe cleaning in closed containers Label containers with contents If any cleaning solvent escapes from a container wipe up or

otherwise remove immediately if in accessible areas, if access is not feasible during normal production, as soon as possible

Degreaser should be leakfree; the VOC-containment portion shall be impervious to VOC-containing liquid and vapors and no surface of any freeboard shall have an opening or duct through which VOC can escape, except as controlled by an emission control device or as required by OSHA

Properly maintain and operate cleaning machine equipment and associated emission controls

Unless using a low-VOC cleaner:- Do not use comfort fans near cleaning machines- Do not remove covers unless processing work or

conducting maintenance- Drain cleaned parts at least 15 seconds or until dripping

ceases, whichever is later- If using a solvent spray system use only a continuous,

undivided stream (not a fine, atomized or shower-type spray) with pressure < 10 psig and shall not cause liquid solvent to splash outside container

- Do not cause agitation of cleaning solvent by sparging with air or other gas; covers shall be placed over ultrasonic cleaners when the cycle exceeds 15 seconds

- Do not place porous or absorbent materials in or on a cleaning machine; no object with sealed wood handle (including a brush) is allowed after 1999

- Ventilation rate shall be < 65 ft3/min/ft2, unless the rate must be changed to meet a standard specified and certified by a Certified Safety Professional, a Certified Industrial Hygienist, or licensed professional engineer experienced in ventilation, to meet health and safety requirements

- Vertical speed of mechanical hoists moving parts in and out of the cleaning machine must be < 11ft/min



SourceSub-category

Pollutant/Parameter


SourceSub-category

Pollutant/Parameter


General Operating RequirementsCont’d.

VOC - Prevent cross contamination of regulated solvents with non-regulated; use signs, separate work areas, or other effective means for this purpose

- Provide a label of operating requirements within 3 ¼ feet of a degreaser or dip tank

Solvents used in non-vapor cleaning machines comply with one of the following, unless it is a low-VOC cleaner:- Through October 31, 2001, vapor pressure < 2 mm of Hg- November 1, 2001 & after, vapor pressure < 1 mm of Hg- Use an emission control system to capture and process

VOC emissions with at least 85% overall control- Use a sealed system that is an air-tight or airless cleaning

system; operate according to manufacturer specifications If an emission control system is used an Operation and

Maintenance Plan shall be provided and maintained

Maricopa County Rule 331Cont’d.

The next table contains the regulations used to develop the provisions for surface coating operations. Limited surface coating is conducted on GRIC land currently and an increase in activity is not anticipated in the future. As mentioned previously, there are numerous NSPS that cover surface coating operations and the NSPS will be adopted by reference in the GRIC rules. Due to the lack of current activity, the individual NSPS requirements are not summarized here. Instead, the proposed ordinance will be based on requirements in the EPA’s Control Technique Guidelines (CTGs) for various types of surface coating. These guidelines are considered Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT) and most State regulations are based on this guidance. In some instances the NSPS are more stringent or cover source types not covered by the CTGs. Thus, if a new source locates on GRIC land, its VOC emissions would be subject to an NSPS (and the general requirements in this ordinance) that will be protective of air quality.

Table 4-3. Summary of Emission Limits and Standards: Surface Coating

SourceSub-category

Pollutant/Parameter



VOC Content Requirements

VOC All requirements are lb VOC/gallon of coating, minus water Automobiles and light-duty trucks:

- Prime application, flashoff area, and oven – 1.9 lb/gal- Topcoat application, flashoff area, and oven – 2.8 lb/gal- Final repair application, flashoff area,and oven – 4.8

lb/gal Cans:

- Sheet basecoat and over-varnish; two-piece can exterior – 2.8 lb/gal

- Two- and three-piece can interior body spray, two-piece can exterior end – 4.2 lb/gal

- Three-piece can side-seam spray – 5.5 lb/gal- End sealing compound – 3.7 lb/gal

Fabrics:- Fabric coating line – 2.9 lb/gal- Vinyl coating line – 3.8 lb/gal

Large appliance:- Prime, single, or topcoat application area, flashoff area,

and oven – 2.8 lb/gal

EPA’s Control Technique Guidelines


SourceSub-category

Pollutant/Parameter


VOC Content RequirementsCont’d.

VOC Metal coils:- Prime and topcoat or single coat application – 2.6 lb/gal

Metal furniture:- Metal furniture coating line –3 lb/gal

Magnet wire:- Wire coating oven – 1.7 lb/gal

Paper:- Coating line – 2.9 lb/gal

Miscellaneous metal parts and products:- Air or forced air-dried items - 3.5 lb/gal- Clear coat – 4.3 lb/gal- No or infrequent color changes or small number of colors

applied: Powder coatings – 0.4 lb/gal Other – 3.0 lb/gal

- Outdoor, harsh exposure, or extreme performance characteristics – 3.5 lb/gal

- Frequent color changes, large number of colors applied, or first coat on untreated ferrous substrate – 3.0 lb/gal

Flat wood paneling- Printed hardwood, plywood, and particleboard –

equivalent to 1.7 lb/gal; 5.7 lb/gal minus water and exempt solvents; 4.25 lb/gal solids basis

- Natural finished hardwood plywood – equivalent to 3.3 lb/gal; 6 lb/gal minus water and exempt solvents; 6 lb/gal solids basis

- Class II finishes for hardboard paneling – equivalent to 2.8 lb/gal; 7 lb/gal minus water and exempt solvents; 7 lb/gal solids basis

EPA’s Control Technique GuidelinesCont’d.

Application Techniques

VOC Minimize organic solvent emissions; other than architectural coating and spot painting, conduct spray painting operations in an enclosed area equipped with controls containing at least 96% of the overspray

Arizona Rule R18-2-727

VOC Do not use or operate any spray painting or spray coating equipment unless one of the following is met:- Spray coating equipment is operated inside an enclosure

which has at least 3 sides a minimum of 8 feet high and able to contain the object(s) being coated; spray is directed in a horizontal or downward pointing manner so overspray is directed at the walls or floor; for enclosures with 3 sides and a roof or complete enclosures, spray is directed into the enclosure so overspray is directed away from any opening; no spraying within 3 feet of any open end and/or within 2 feet of the top of the enclosure

- Any spray booth or enclosure with forced air exhaust must have a filtering system with an average overspray removal efficiency of at least 92% (by weight for the type of material being sprayed); no gaps, sags, or holes may be present in the filters and all exhaust must be discharged to the atmosphere; spray booths or enclosures using a water curtain, waterfall, or other means to capture particulates in a liquid medium shall effectively remove > 92% of the overspray and be operated according to the manufacturer



SourceSub-category

Pollutant/Parameter


Application TechniquesCont’d.

VOC One of the following methods will be used for all applications of surface coating containing > 2 lb VOC/gal (240 g/L):- Low pressure spray gun- Electrostatic system- System that atomizes principally by hydraulic pressure,

including “airless” and “air assisted airless”- Non-atomizing or non-spraying application methods

(e.g., dipping, rolling, brushing)- Any method approved by the Administrator of the

Federal EPA and the Control Officer as having a transfer efficiency of > 65%


Material Containing VOC:Cleanup, Handling, and Disposal

VOC Implement control techniques and work practices at all times to reduce VOC emissions from fugitive sources; control techniques and work practices include, but are not limited to:- Tight-fitting covers for open tanks- Covered containers for solvent wiping cloths- Proper disposal of dirty cleanup solvent

Emissions of organic material released during clean-up operations, disposal, and other fugitive emissions shall be included when determining total emissions (unless documented that VOCs are collected and disposed in a manner that prevents evaporation to the atmosphere)

Colorado Regulation 7, Section IX

VOC Use vapor-tight containers for storage of spent/fresh VOC and for storage/disposal of cloth or paper impregnated with VOC used for surface preparation, cleanup, or coating removal

VOC is prohibited for cleanup operations unless equipment is used to collect cleaning compounds and minimize evaporation

Owner/operator of surface coating unit, line, or operation shall comply with the following work practice standards:- Spray gun cleaning – collect all organic solvent used to

clean spray guns into a normally closed container- Line cleaning – pump or drain all organic solvent used

for line cleaning into a normally closed container- Spray booth cleaning – do not use compounds containing

more than 8% by weight VOC for cleaning components other than conveyors, continuous coaters and their enclosures, and/or metal filters (unless booth is being refurbished – use < 1 gallon of organic solvent to prepare the booth prior to applying the booth coating)

- Washoff operations – control emissions by using normally closed tanks for washoff and minimize dripping by tilting/rotating part to drain


VOC Do not use open containers to store/dispose of cloth or paper impregnated with VOC and/or solvents used for surface preparation, cleanup, or coating removal

Do not store spent/fresh VOC and/or solvent to be used for surface preparation, cleanup, or coating removal in open containers

Do not use VOC and/or solvents to cleanup spray equipment unless the cleaning compounds are collected and evaporation minimized

New York Part 228


Material Containing VOC:Cleanup, Handling, and DisposalCont’d.

VOC Do not use open containers to store/dispense surface coatings and/or inks unless production, sampling, maintenance, or inspection procedures require operational access; this does not apply to the device or equipment used for application

Do not use open containers to store/dispose of spent surface coatings, spent VOCs, and/or solvents

New York Part 228Cont’d.

VOC When using VOC-containing material to clean application equipment:- Disassemble any spray gun and other application

equipment and clean it in a container that remains covered at all times (except when equipment is handled in the container) or a commercially-sold gun cleaning machine

- Use only solvent that as used has a VOC-vapor pressure < 35 mm Hg (at 68 degrees F), except for sprayless equipment when the same principal solvent is used for cleaning as is used in the coating

Cover and keep covered each VOC-containing material not in use; store finishing and cleaning materials in closed or covered leak-free containers

Store all VOC-containing materials intended for disposal, including but not limited to, rags, waste coatings, waste brushes, waste rollers, waste applicators, waste solvents, and their residues, in closed, labeled, leak-free containers; keep covered when not in use



Table 4-4. Summary of Emission Limits and Standards: Architectural Coating

SourceSub-category

Pollutant/Parameter


VOC Content VOC No person shall employ, apply, evaporate, or dry any architectural coating containing photochemically reactive solvents for industrial or commercial purposes

No person shall thin or dilute any architectural coating with a photochemically reactive solvent

Arizona Rule R18-2-727;Pinal County Chapter 5 Article 12

VOC No person shall apply, sell, offer for sale, or manufacture for sale any architectural coating that is recommended for use as a bituminous pavement sealer unless it is an emulsion type coating

No person shall apply, sell, offer for sale, or manufacture for sale any non-flat or flat architectural coating that contains > 2.1 lbs (250 g/l) of VOC per gallon of coating, excluding water and any colorant added to tint bases

No person shall apply, sell, offer for sale, or manufacture for sale any architectural coating that exceeds the following limits (expressed in pounds of VOC per gallon of coating as applied, excluding water and any colorant added to tint bases):

Concrete Curing Compounds - 2.9Dry Fog Coating: Flat - 3.5 Non-flat - 3.3Enamel Undercoaters - 2.9General Primers, Sealers and Undercoaters - 2.9Industrial Maintenance Primers and Topcoats - 3.5

Alkyds, Catalyzed Epoxy, Bituminous CoatingMaterials, Inorganic Polymers, Vinyl Chloride Polymers, Chlorinated Rubbers, Acrylic Polymers, Urethane Polymers, Silicones, and Unique Vehicles

Lacquers - 5.7Opaque Stains - 2.9Wood Preservatives - 2.9Quick Dry Enamels - 3.3Roof Coatings - 2.5Semi-transparent Stains - 2.9Semi-transparent and Clear Wood Preservatives - 2.9Opaque Wood Preservatives - 2.9Specialty Flat Products - 3.3Specialty Primers, Sealers & Undercoaters - 2.9Traffic Coatings

Applied to Public Streets and Highways - 2.1Applied to other Surfaces - 2.1Black Traffic Coatings - 2.1

Varnishes - 2.9Waterproof Mastic Coating - 2.5Waterproof Sealers - 3.3

Exemptions include architectural coatings recommended by the manufacturer for use solely as below ground wood preservative coatings, bond breakers, fire retardant coatings, graphic arts coatings (sign paints), mastic texture coatings, metallic pigmented coatings, multi-colored paints, quick-dry primers, sealers and undercoaters, shellacs, swimming pool paints, or tile-like glaze coatings.



SourceSub-category

Pollutant/Parameter



VOC ContentCont’d.

VOC No person shall supply, sell, offer for sale, manufacture, blend, or repackage any architectural coating that at the time of sale or manufacture, contains more than 250 grams of VOC per liter of coating (2.08 pounds per gallon), less water, less exempt compounds, and less any colorant added to tint bases, and no person shall apply or solicit the application of any architectural coating that exceeds 250 g VOC/l of coating

No person shall supply, sell, offer for sale, manufacture, blend, or repackage any architectural coating that contains VOC (g VOC/l; excluding any colorant added to tint bases) in excess of the following (effective 1/1/99):

Bond Breakers – 350Chemical Storage Tank Coatings – 420Clear Wood Finishes:

Varnish – 350Sanding Sealers – 350Lacquer – 550

Concrete-Curing Compounds – 350Dry-Fog Coatings – 400Essential Public Service Coating – 420Fire-proofing Exterior Coatings – 350Fire-Retardant Coatings:

Clear – 650Pigmented - 350

Flats - 250Floor Coatings - 420Graphic Arts (Sign) Coatings – 500Industrial Maintenance Coatings – 420Japans/Faux Finishing Coatings – 350Magnesite Cement Coatings – 450Mastic Coatings – 300Metallic Pigmented Coatings – 500Multi-Color Coatings – 250Non-Flat Coatings – 250Pigmented Lacquer – 550Pre-Treatment Wash Primers –780Primers, Sealers, and Undercoaters – 350Quick-Dry Enamels – 400Quick-Dry Primers, Sealers, and Undercoaters – 350Recycled Coatings – 250Roof Coatings – 250Bituminous Roof Coatings – 300Rust Preventative Coatings – 400Shellac: Clear – 730

Pigment –550Specialty Primers – 350Stains – 350Swimming Pool Coatings: Repair – 650

Other – 340Traffic Coatings – 150Waterproofing Sealers : Wood – 400

Concrete/Masonry – 400Wood Preservatives: Below-Ground – 350

Other – 350

South Coast Rule 1113

Table 4-5. Summary of Emission Limits and Standards: VOC Storage, Transfer, and Disposal


SourceSub-category

Pollutant/Parameter


Storage VOC Pressure vessels designed to operate > 204.9 kPa are exempt Applicability: design capacity > 40,000 gallons and vapor

pressure as stored > 0.75 to 11.1 pounds per square inch absolute (psia), or >19,815 to 40,000 gallons and vapor pressure > 4 to 11.1 psia- Fixed roof with internal floating roof,- External floating roof,- Closed vent system and control device (reduce inlet VOC

emissions > 95%), or- Equivalent system

Applicability: > 19,815 gallons and vapor pressure > 11.1 psia- Closed vent system and control device (reduce inlet VOC

emissions > 95%), or- Equivalent system

New Source Performance Standard (NSPS) Subpart Kb

Note: Subparts K and Ka only apply to petroleum liquids

VOC Applicability: VOCs with true vapor pressure > 1.5 psia under storage conditions and vessels > 1,000 gallons- Pressure tank, or- Equip with one of the following vapor loss control

devices: Permanent submerged fill pipe Floating roof, unless vapor pressure > 11.0 psia Vapor recovery system (vapor gathering and disposal

system ) Other equipment of equal efficiency

Alabama Rule 335-3-6-.03

VOC Maintain and operate storage tanks and related equipment (e.g., gauging devices, accesses, seals, hatches) to prevent detectable vapor loss; when opened, actuated, or used for necessary and proper activities (e.g., maintenance) limit so as to minimize vapor loss

VOC with vapor pressure > 11.0 psia shall be stored in a pressure tank or with methods/equipment approved by the Division in writing

Colorado Regulation 7, Sections III and IV

VOC Applicability: Volatile organic liquid vapor pressure > 2.5 psia (at 70 degrees F) or gaseous organic material in any stationary tank, reservoir, or other container > 40,000 gallons- Pressure tank, or- Equip with one of the following vapor loss control

devices: Floating roof, unless vapor pressure > 12.5 psia Vapor recovery system – vapor gathering system

capable of collecting > 85% of the uncontrolled volatile organic material and a disposal system

Other equipment of equal efficiency

Illinois Subpart B, Section 215.121


VOC Applicability: 250 – 40,000 gallons and vapor pressure > 1.5 psia at storage conditions- Design and equip tank, reservoir, or other container with

a submerged fill pipe or a vapor loss control system (overall control > 95%); or a pressure tank

Applicability: > 40,000 gallons and vapor pressure > 1.5 psia- Pressure tank; or designed and equipped with a

submerged fill pipe and vapor loss control device (internal floating roof, external floating roof, vapor loss control system)

- Vapor loss control system if the vapor pressure > 11.0 psia

Louisiana Chapter 21, §2103


SourceSub-category

Pollutant/Parameter


StorageCont’d.

VOC No storage in any stationary storage tank with capacity > 2,000 gallons exposed to the rays of the sun unless the external surface of the tank is painted and maintained white or an equivalent method of emission control is used

New Jersey Rule 7:27-16.2

VOC Applicability: > 400 gallons- Equip with a permanent submerged fill pipe or a vapor

recovery system Applicability: > 40,000 gallons

- Pressure vessel; or equip with one of the following vapor loss control devices: external floating roof or a fixed roof with internal floating roof (unless vapor pressure > 11.1 psia); vapor recovery system - vapor gathering system capable of collecting > 85% of the uncontrolled VOCs and a vapor disposal system; or equivalent equipment


VOC Applicability: > 39,630 gallons and vapor pressure > 0.5 psia and > 19,815 gallons and vapor pressure > 1.5 psia- Pressure tank; or designed and equipped with a one of the

following vapor control devices: external floating roof, or internal floating-type cover (unless vapor pressure > 11 psia); vapor recovery system (efficiency > 95% by weight)

Conduct self-inspections of tanks with floating roofs


Loading VOC All VOCs transferred to any tank, container, or vehicle compartment with capacity > 56 gallons shall use submerged or bottom filling equipment

Colorado Regulation 7, Section III

VOC No discharge > 8 lb/hr organic material during loading from the aggregate loading pipes of any loading facility with throughput > 40,000 gallons/day into any railroad tank car, tank truck, or trailer unless equipped with submerged loading pipes, submerged fill, or device of equal efficiency

No loading of any organic material into any stationary tank > 250 gallons unless equipped with a permanent submerged loading pipe, submerged fill, or equivalent device

If no odor nuisance, applies only vapor pressure > 2.5 psia

Illinois Subpart B, Section 215.122

VOC Applicability: vapor pressure > 1.5 psia at loading conditions, facilities servicing tanks, trucks, or trailers with capacities > 200 gallons, and throughput > 20,000 gallons/day for operations constructed after May 20, 1979, or > 40,000 gallons/day for those constructed before May 20, 1979- Equip with vapor collection system – at a minimum will

consist of a vapor return line which returns all vapors displaced during loading to the dispensing vessel or a disposal system; disposal system will have a destruction/ removal efficiency of > 90%

- Make provisions to prevent spills during the attachment and disconnection of filling lines or arms

- No liquid or gaseous leaks during loading or unloading operations; discontinue affected line immediately when a leak is observed and do not resume until repaired

Louisiana Chapter 21, §2107


VOC No loading >20,000 gallons/day any VOC with vapor pressure > 1.5 psia under actual conditions into any tank-truck, trailer, or railroad tank car, unless uses submerged loading through boom loaders that extend down into the compartment or by other methods at least as efficient

North Carolina Section .0948

SourceSub-category

Pollutant/Parameter


LoadingCont’d.

VOC Applicability: VOC loading facility with throughput > 40,000 gallons/day from its aggregate loading pipes- Vapor collection and disposal system, unless all tank

trucks or trailers are bottom loaded with hatches closed- Provide a means to prevent VOC drainage from the

loading device when it is removed from any tank truck or trailer, or accomplish complete drainage before removal

Applicability: VOC loading facility with an aggregate throughput < 40,000 gallons/day and tank truck or trailer capacity > 200 gallons- Each loading pipe shall be equipped with a system for

submerged filling of tank trucks and trailers (installed and operated to maintain a 97% submergence factor)


VOC Applicability: organic liquid loading > 4,000 gallons/day and vapor pressure > 1.5 psia at actual loading temperature- Emissions limit for loading facility with throughput

> 20,000 gallons/day into tank trucks, trailers, or railroad tank cars – 0.08 lb/1,000 gallons loaded; bottom loading and vapor collection and disposal

- Emission limit for loading facility with throughput 4,000 to 20,000 gallons/day into tank trucks, trailers, or railroad tank cars – 95% combined collection/disposal efficiency

- Loading and vapor collection equipment shall be designed, installed, maintained, and operated without leaks or excess organic liquid drainage at disconnections

Kern County APCD Rule 413

VOC Applicability: vapor pressure > 1.5 psia (actual loading temp.)- Equip facility with throughput > 20,000 gallons/day of

organic liquids into any tank truck, trailer, or railroad tank car with vapor recovery and/or disposal system; equip each system with a continuous monitoring system (CMS); vent displaced organic vapors under design conditions to vapor recovery and/or disposal system; reduce VOC emissions to < 0.08 lb/ 1,000 gallons

- Transfer equipment shall be operated and maintained so there are no overfills, facility vapor leaks , liquid leaks, or liquid leaks from disconnect operations

- Switch loading is prohibited except at facilities that load < 4,000 gallons of gasoline/day and < 500,000 gallons/yr


Disposal VOC No disposal of VOCs by evaporation or spillage unless Reasonably Available Control Technology is used

No intentional spilling, discarding in sewers, storage in open containers, or disposal of gasoline in a manner that would result in evaporation at bulk gasoline terminals, bulk gasoline plants, or gasoline dispensing facilities

Colorado Regulation 7, Section V


VOC Do not dispose in any one day > 1.5 gallons of any liquid VOC waste, or of any liquid, semisolid, or solid waste materials containing > 1.5 gallons of any VOC in a manner that would permit evaporation during the ozone season

During the ozone season, disposal shall be by methods approved by the Department (such as incineration, recovery for reuse, or transfer in closed containers to an acceptable disposal facility) such that VOC evaporation is < 15% by weight or 1.5 gallons in one day, whichever is larger

Wisconsin Chapter NR 419.04


4.4.2 Derivation of Proposed GRIC Source Category Limits/Standards

The derivation of the VOC rule provisions was as follows:

There is some variability between State regulations covering VOC source categories, however, most State regulations are quite consistent, with the California districts typically being the most stringent. For those source categories for which CTG documents exist, most State regulations are based on these provisions. Due to this similar approach nationally, decisions on what to include in the proposed ordinance were made mostly based on clarity of the regulatory language and the ease of understanding. The requirements are kept consistent with the Maricopa and/or Pinal County regulations, as appropriate. The basis for each section is discussed further below.

Section 1.0 – General Limitations and Standards

Several State regulations include a generic VOC rule that is designed to cover those VOC-emitting processes not specifically regulated in other sections of their regulations. Table 4-1 includes examples of the requirements contained in several of these regulations, including those for Maricopa and Pinal Counties. The format and content of the regulations are quite similar with the main difference being the stringency of the lb/day or tpy limits. The limits proposed are based on those from the Maricopa County regulation because it provides more specific applicability requirements.

Section 2.0 – General Operating Requirements

This section is intended to cover all sources of VOC in order to provide standard operating procedures for the handling and use of VOC-containing materials. The requirements are included in a separate section to avoid repeating requirements in the specific source category regulations and to cover the entire population of sources. Most State rules include these types of requirements, either in a separate section or in the individual source specific sections, thus the proposed requirements are based on several different State/local regulations and were chosen for language clarity and ease of understanding.

Section 3.0 – Solvent Cleaning

A CTG document exists for solvent cleaning, thus, State regulations are quite similar in their requirements for this source category. Table 4-2 uses the CTG and the regulations from the State of Delaware as a baseline, with differences contained in other State regulations highlighted. The requirements in the CTG are considered Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT)-level controls, thus this level of control is proposed. Once again, due to the similarity in State regulations, the proposed requirements are based on a compilation of State/local regulations chosen for clarity. Also, the work practice requirements for wipe cleaning included in the proposed ordinance are based on the State of Wisconsin’s regulation.


Section 4.0 – Surface Coating

Surface coating requirements are typically a limitation on the VOC content of individual coatings. Some industries require certain specifications for coating performance, thus, a single “one-size-fits-all” limit that covers all categories of surface coating is not practicable. As a result, numerous CTG documents have been developed based on specific types of surface coatings. The CTG requirements represent RACT and most State regulations are based on the CTG, thus there is similarity among the universe of surface coating regulations. The main difference is how VOC content is determined (i.e., not including water and/or exempt compounds).

The basis for the proposed surface coating section is primarily the Maricopa County rule. In order to include surface coating operations that could potentially locate on GRIC land in the future, additional regulations were consulted. The regulations for Maine and Alabama were used due to their format and ease of understanding. All three regulations are based on the CTG documents and include a different list of surface coating operations with some overlap. The provisions for application methods and controls for spray coating are based on the Maricopa and Pinal County requirements.

Section 5.0 – Architectural Coating

Architectural coatings are usually treated separately from other surface coating operations. Table 4-4 includes regulations from the State of Arizona, as well as Maricopa and Pinal Counties. The Maricopa County and South Coast AQMD rules include an extensive list of coatings with limits on VOC content. There is limited architectural coating on GRIC land, thus the proposed requirements are based on the more concise, yet still protective, State of Arizona and Pinal County regulations.

Section 6.0 – VOC Storage and Transfer

Most State regulations include restrictions on VOC handling, storage, transfer, and disposal. The requirements for handling and disposal of VOC-containing materials are covered under Section 2.0. The main variability between State regulations is among applicability provisions such as vessel size and vapor pressure cutoffs. The Maricopa County regulations limit applicability to bulk plants and terminals, however it was determined that requirements for storage and transfer, such as submerged fill pipes, should have broader applicability for the proposed ordinance. The State regulations were investigated to determine reasonable size cutoffs, and a vapor pressure cutoff was included based on the volatility of VOC-containing substances below the threshold. The proposed requirements are primarily based on the regulations from the States of Louisiana and Oklahoma due to the level of control required without being unduly cumbersome.


5.0 Proposed GRIC General VOC Rule Provisions (Section VI.D, VOC Requirements)

5.1 Applicability

The provisions of Rule 1 apply to sources emitting VOC, including, but not limited to general VOC sources, solvent degreasers, surface and architectural coating operations, and the storage and transfer of VOCs. Compliance with the provisions of this rule shall not relieve any person subject to the requirements of this rule from complying with any other federally enforceable New Source Performance Standards or National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants. In such case, the more stringent standard shall apply.

5.2 Definitions

Adhesive means a material used for the primary purpose of bonding two or more surfaces together.Aerosol can means a non-refillable hand-held container from which a product is dispensed by means of pressurized propellant packaged within the container.Agitation/Agitated means a state that moves cleaning liquid continuously back and forth, or up and down. This includes such motion created by sound waves, and to the splashing of a rinse stream operated at a pressure that creates a trajectory exceeding 2 feet along the horizontal plane intersecting the nozzle when the nozzle is at a 45 degree angle above the plane. Liquid motion incidental to a continuous entrance or withdrawal of objects undergoing is not agitation.Air/solvent interface means the surface area defined by points of contact between the solvent liquid or vapor in the solvent cleaner and the surrounding air.Appurtenance means an accessory to a stationary structure, including, but not limited to, hand railings, cabinets, bathroom and kitchen fixtures, fences, rain-gutters and down-spouts, window screens, lamp-posts, heating and air conditioning equipment, other mechanical equipment, large fixed stationary tools, signs, and concrete forms.Architectural coating means a coating used commercially or industrially for residential, commercial, or industrial buildings and their appurtenances, structural steel and other fabrications such as, but not limited to, storage tanks, bridges, beams, and girders.Baffle means a vertical sheet of material placed along the top of the solvent cleaner to shield the solvent cleaner from drafts.Batch-loaded means material placed in a nonconveyorized container for cleaning.Carry-out means solvent carried out of the cleaning machine along with a part being removed from the cleaning machine. The solvent may exist as a liquid coating the part or the part’s hanger, or as a liquid entrapped in cavities and irregular surfaces, or entrapped by capillary action within or on the part.Cleaning-solvent means solvent used for cleaning that contains more than 2.0% VOC by weight and more than 20 grams of VOC per liter (0.17 lb/gal).Coating means a material applied in a thin layer to a surface as a protective, decorative, or functional film. This term often refers to paints such as lacquers or enamels, but also refers to films applied to other materials such as varnishes, sealants, adhesives, inks, maskants, and temporary protective coatings. Such materials include, but are not limited to, paints, varnishes, sealants, adhesives, inks, maskants, and temporary protective coatings.


Coating unit means a series of one or more coating applicators and any associated drying area or oven wherein a coating is applied, dried, or cured. A coating unit ends at the point where the coating is dried or cured, or prior to any subsequent application of a different coating. A surface coating operation does not require an oven or flashoff area in order to be included in this definition.Cold cleaning degreaser means an apparatus used to clean and remove soil from surfaces through a batch process by spraying, brushing, flushing, or immersion while maintaining the solvent below its boiling point.Control device means equipment used to reduce, by destruction or removal, the amount of air pollutant(s) in an air stream prior to discharge to the ambient air.Conveyorized degreaser means an apparatus used to clean and remove soil from a continuous stream of parts using either cold or vaporized solvents.Day means a period of 24 consecutive hours beginning at midnight.Degreaser see solvent cleaner.Drying tunnel means an add-on enclosure extending from the exit area of a conveyorized degreaser that reduces carry-out losses by containing evaporating solvent.Dry solid means any substance that appears and feels dry and that shatters or pulverizes when struck with a hard object. Evaporating solids, all of which have a strong odor, are not included.Electrostatic system means a method of applying atomized paint by electrically charging the coating and the object being coated with opposing charges. A higher proportion of the coating reaches and coats the object than would occur in the absence of a charge.Emission control system (ECS) means a system designed and operated in accordance with good engineering practice to reduce emissions of volatile organic compounds. Such system consists of an emissions collection subsytem and an emissions processing subsystem.Exempt compounds mean the non-VOC, evaporating portion of a coating formulation; this necessarily includes all non-precursor organic compounds, as well as water and other inorganic liquids and gases.Flashoff area means the space between the coating application area and the oven.Freeboard height means, for a cold cleaner, the distance from the liquid solvent level in the cold cleaning degreaser tank to the lip of the tank. For an open-top vapor degreaser, it is the distance from the vapor level in the tank during idling to the lip of the tank. For a conveyorized degreaser using vaporized solvents, it is the distance from the vapor level to the bottom of the entrance or exit opening, whichever is lower. For a conveyorized degreaser using cold solvents, it is the distance from the liquid solvent level to the bottom of the entrance or exit opening, whichever is lower.Freeboard ratio means the freeboard height divided by the smaller interior dimension (length, width, or diameter) of the solvent cleaner tank.Leak means that state or condition in which a cleaning-solvent is allowed to seep or drip, or otherwise enters or escapes, at either 3 or more drops per minute or a puddle of cleaning-solvent greater than 1 square inch.Leakproof coupling means a threaded or other type of coupling that prevents solvents from leaking while filling or draining solvent to and from the solvent cleaner.Lip exhaust means a system that collects solvent vapors escaping from the top of the cleaner.Low pressure spray gun means an air-atomized spray gun that, by design, functions best at tip pressures below 10 psig (516 mm Hg) and for which the manufacturer makes no claims to the public that the gun can be used effectively above 12 psig (619 mm Hg). Measurement of air


pressure at the center of the spray gun tip and air horns of an air-atomizing spray gun shall be performed using an attachable device in proper working order supplied by the gun's manufacturer for performing such a measurement.Make-up solvent means the increment of cleaning-solvent that replaces solvent lost through evaporation or other means, and that is added to the solvent remaining in a cleaning machine to bring solvent quantity to the desired level.Non-complying solvent means a solvent that exceeds the applicable percentage composition limit for any of the following four chemical groupings:

Group I: One or more of the following families of compounds having the olefinic or cyclo-olefinic type of unsaturation - hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ethers, and/or ketones; except perchloroethylene: 5 percent by volume.

Group II: One or more aromatic compounds having eight or more carbon atoms to the molecule except ethylbenzene, methyl benzoate, and phenyl acetate: 8 percent by volume.

Group III: One or more of the following compounds and compound types - ketones having a branched hydrocarbon structure, ethylbenzene, trichloroethylene, and/or toluene: 20 percent by volume.

An aggregate of any combination of the above three groups: 20 percent by volume.Whenever any organic solvent or any constituent of an organic solvent may be classified from its chemical structure into more than one of the above groups of organic compounds, it shall be considered a member of the most reactive chemical group that it can be classified into, that is, that group having the lowest percentage composition limit.

Non-precursor organic compound means any of the following organic compounds which have been designated by the EPA as having negligible photochemical reactivity: methane; ethane; methylene chloride (dichloromethane); 1,1,1-trichloroethane; trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11); dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12); chlorodifluoromethane (CFC-22); 1,1,2-trichloro-trifluoroethane (CFC-113); 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane (CFC-114); chloropentafluoroethane (CFC-115); trifluoromethane (FC-23); 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123); 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetra-fluoroethane (HCFC-124); 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b); 1-chloro-1,1- difluoroethane (HCFC-142b); pentafluoroethane (HFC-125); 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134); 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a); 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a); 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a); all completely fluorinated, completely saturated: alkanes, ethers and tertiary amines.Open-top vapor degreaser means any batch-loaded degreaser using solvent that is maintained above the initial boiling point temperature of the solvent. Degreasing occurs through the condensation of the resultant solvent vapor onto the surface of the workload.Organic compound means any compound of carbon excluding carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, carbonates, and metallic carbides.Organic solvent means any organic compound which is liquid at actual conditions of use or storage and which is used as a diluent, thinner, dissolver, viscosity reducer, extractant, cleaning agent or is a reactant or product in a manufacturing process.Oven means a chamber that is used to bake, cure, polymerize or dry a coating.Prime coat means the first of two (2) or more coatings applied to a surface.Primer means a coating applied directly to substrate for any one or combination of the following purposes: corrosion prevention, protection from the environment, functional fluid resistance, or adhesion of subsequent coatings.


Refrigerated chiller means a control device mounted above both the water jacket and the primary condenser coils, consisting of secondary coils, which carry a refrigerant that provides a chilled air blanket above the solvent vapor, thereby reducing VOC emissions from the solvent degreaser bath.Repair coating means a coating or coating operation used to recoat the portion of a completed finish that suffered post-production damage at the facility where the finish was applied.Rotating basket means a perforated or wire mesh cylinder containing parts to be cleaned that is slowly rotated whole proceeding through the degreaser.Small surface-coating source (SSCS) means a facility from which the total VOC emissions for all surface coating operations that are subject to this rule without, or prior to, any emission control, is less than 15 pounds (6.8 kg) per day and less than 2 tons (1814 kg) per year; as demonstrated by both adequate records of coating and diluent use and a separate tally of the number of days each month that such coating operations occur.Solvent means organic solvent.Solvent cleaner means a device that applies solvent or in which solvent is applied to items for the purpose of solvent cleaning.Solvent cleaning means the use of organic solvent to remove loosely held uncured adhesives, uncured inks, uncured coatings, and other contaminants that include, but are not limited to, dirt, soil, lubricants, coolant, moisture, grease, and fingerprints from parts, products, tools, machinery, equipment, and general work areas.Solvent cleaning operation means any process, including wipe cleaning, used to clean or dry metal and non-metal surfaces typically using a cold, vapor, or conveyorized solvent cleaner.Solvent container means that part of the solvent cleaner that is intended to hold the cleaning-solvent.Submerged fill pipe means any fill pipe or discharge nozzle that meets any one of the following:

a. The bottom of the discharge pipe or nozzle is below the surface of the liquid in the receiving vessel for at least 95 percent of the volume filled.

b. The bottom of the discharge pipe or nozzle is less than 6 inches from the bottom of the receiving vessel.

c. The bottom of the discharge pipe or nozzle is less than 2 pipe or nozzle diameters from the bottom of the receiving vessel.

d. For side-filling, the end of the discharge pipe or nozzle is totally submerged when the liquid level is 18 inches from the bottom of the tank.

Substrate means the surface to which a coating is applied.Sump means the part of a solvent cleaner where the liquid solvent is located.Surface coating means any liquid, fluid, or mastic composition that is converted to a solid (or semi-solid) protective, decorative, or adherent film or deposit after application as a thin layer. Surface coating is generally distinct and different from impregnation and from applying adhesive for bonding purposes.Surface coating operation means preparation, handling, mixing, and application of surface coating, and cleanup of application-equipment and enclosures at a facility where surface coating is applied.Touch up coating means a coating used to cover minor coating imperfections after the main coating operation. This includes touch-up coating that accompanies the purchase of an object already coated with that coating.


True vapor pressure means absolute vapor pressure of a liquid at its existing temperature of storage and handling.Vapor-loss control device means any piping, hoses, equipment, and devices which are used to collect, store and/or process organic vapors at a bulk terminal, bulk plant, service station or other operation handling gasoline and/or other organic liquids.Volatile organic compound (VOC) means any organic compound except non-precursor organic compounds.Waste solvent residue means sludge that may contain dirt, oil, metal particles, and/or other undesirable waste products concentrated after heat distillation of the waste solvent either in the solvent cleaner itself or after distillation in a separate still.Wipe cleaning means the cleaning and removal of residue or contaminants from surfaces by manually rubbing the surfaces with solvent-containing rags or disposable wipers.Workload means the objects put in a cleaner for the purposes of removing oil, grease, soil, coating, dirt, or other undesirable matter from the surface of the objects.

5.3 Emission Limitations and Standards

Section 1.0 - General Limitations and Standards

Applicability

The provisions of Rule 1, Section 1.0 apply to all sources of VOCs not covered in other sections of this regulation with the following exemptions: Organic solvent manufacturing facilities and the overland transport of organic solvents and

materials containing VOC. The spraying or other employment of insecticides, pesticides or herbicides. Foundries; smelters; melting or roasting of metal, ore, or dross; all operations included under

Standard Industrial Classification codes 3312, 3313, 332, 333, 334, 336, and 3398; and all on-site mold making activities at such operations and industries.

Visible Emissions

Visible emissions shall not exceed 20 % opacity.

General Standards

1 - OPERATIONS INVOLVING HEAT: No person shall discharge more than 15 pounds (6.8 kg) of volatile organic compounds into the atmosphere in any one day from any machine, equipment, device, or other article in which any volatile organic compound or any material containing a volatile organic compound comes into contact with flame or is evaporated at temperatures exceeding 200°F (93.3°C), in the presence of oxygen, unless the entire amount of such discharge has been reduced in accordance with number 4 below.


2 - NON-COMPLYING SOLVENTS: Excluding emissions subject to the above provision, no person shall discharge more than 40 pounds (18 kg) of volatile organic compounds into the atmosphere in any one day from any machine, equipment, device or other article for employing, applying, evaporating or drying any non-complying solvent (as defined in this rule) or material containing such non-complying solvent unless the entire amount of such discharge has been reduced in accordance with number 4 below.3 - PROCESS LINES: Emissions of VOCs from any series of machines, equipment, devices or other articles which are designed for processing any item including but not limited to continuous web(s), strip(s), or wire(s) and which use operations described in number 1 or 2 shall be collectively subject to the limitations of and compliance with those sections.4 - REDUCTIONS REQUIRED: Emission to the atmosphere of volatile organic compounds requiring control pursuant to number 1 or 2 of this rule shall be reduced by at least one of the following methods: Incineration, provided that 90 percent or more of the carbon in the volatile organic

compounds entering the incineration device is oxidized to carbon dioxide and overall control efficiency (capture plus processing) is at least 85 percent by weight; or

Adsorption, provided that overall control efficiency (capture plus processing) is at least 85 percent by weight; or

Using low VOC material containing no more than 20 percent VOC by volume (as determined by the applicable test method(s) and excluding non-precursor organic compounds and water), provided that no VOC from the material comes into contact with flame; or

Processing in a manner not less effective than incineration or adsorption and verified by test methods of this rule.

Operation and Maintenance Plan

The owner or operator using an emissions control system to reduce emissions in accordance with this section shall provide for approval an Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Plan within six months of the effective date of this rule or within six months of when this rule becomes applicable. This plan shall specify key system operating parameters, such as temperatures, pressures and/or flow rates, necessary to determine compliance with this rule and describe in detail procedures to maintain the approved emission control system. The DEQ's written approval of this plan shall be required for compliance with this rule to be achieved.

Monitoring

PROVIDING AND MAINTAINING MONITORING DEVICES: Any person incinerating, adsorbing, or otherwise processing organic materials pursuant to this rule shall provide, properly install and maintain in calibration, in good working order and in operation, devices specified in the Operation and Maintenance Plan as well as in either the Permit to Operate or the Installation Permit for indicating temperatures, pressures, rates of flow, or other operating conditions necessary to determine if air pollution control equipment is functioning properly and is properly maintained.


DETERMINATION OF COMPLIANCE: Determination of the organic solvent content and composition of a solvent or material shall be made as of the time that the solvent or material is in its final form for application or employment, notwithstanding any prior blending, reducing, thinning or other preparation for application or employment. Emissions resulting from air or heat drying of products for the first 12 hours after the removal from any machine, equipment, device or other article shall be included in determining compliance with this rule.

Recordkeeping

Any person subject to this section shall comply with the following requirements. Records shall be retained for five years and shall be made available to the DEQ upon request. Current List: Maintain a current list of coatings, adhesives, makeup solvents, and any

other VOC-containing materials; state the VOC content of each in pounds per gallon or grams per liter. VOC content shall be expressed less water and non-precursor organic compounds for materials that are not used for cleaning or cleanup.

Monthly Usage Records: Maintain monthly records of the amount of each coating; adhesive; makeup solvent; solvent used for surface preparation, for cleanup, and for the removal of materials; and any other VOC-containing material used. Identify any materials subject to the emission limits in 1 or 2 of the General Standards and keep separate totals for these materials.

Operation and Maintenance: Maintain a continuous record of the times an approved emission control device is used to comply with this section. Maintain daily records of the O&M Plan's key system operating parameters. Account for any periods of operation when the control device was not operating. Maintain records of all maintenance performed according to the O&M Plan.

Discarded Materials: Maintain records of the type, amount, and method of disposing of VOC-containing materials on each day of disposal.

Test Methods

Measurement of VOC content of materials shall be conducted and reported in accordance with EPA Test Method 24 (40 CFR 60, Appendix A).

The non-complying organic compound content shall be determined using the ASTM Standard Recommended Practices for General Gas Chromatography Procedures, E 260-85; General Techniques of Infrared Quantitative Analysis, E 168-67; or General Techniques of Ultraviolet Quantitative Analysis, E 169-87.

Measurements of the water and exempt solvent vapor content shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM Test Methods D 4457-85 and D 3792-86.

Measurement of VOC emissions subject to this rule shall be conducted in accordance with EPA Test Method 18 and/or by EPA Method 25 or an applicable submethod of Method 25 (40 CFR 60, Appendix A), in combination with the appropriate capture efficiency method.

Capture/control efficiency shall be determined by mass balance in combination with ventilation/draft rate determinations or by "Using a Temporary Total Enclosure for Capture Efficiency Testing", EPA-450/4-91-020.


Ventilation/draft rates shall be determined by EPA Methods 2, 2a, 2c, and 2d. Temperature measurements shall be done with an instrument with an accuracy and precision

of less than one-half degree Fahrenheit (0.25°C) for temperatures up to 480°F (250°C). Higher temperatures shall be determined by instruments no less accurate than 1.0 percent of full scale unless the DEQ specifies greater accuracy.

Section 2.0 - General Operating Requirements

Applicability

The provisions of Rule 1, Section 2.0 apply to all sources of VOC emissions.

Operating Requirements - Handling, Storage and Disposal of Materials Containing VOC

Implement control techniques and work practices at all times to reduce VOC emissions from fugitive sources. Control techniques and work practices include, but are not limited to: Vapor-tight containers for the storage of spent or fresh material containing VOC. Cover containers for the storage or disposal of cloth or paper impregnated with VOC

containing materials. Proper disposal of dirty cleanup solvent. If any spent or fresh material containing VOC escapes from a container, wipe up or

otherwise remove immediately if in accessible areas. For areas where access is not feasible during normal production, remove as soon as reasonably possible.

Each container shall be clearly labeled with its contents. The use of materials containing more than 10 percent VOC is prohibited for the cleanup of

spray equipment unless equipment is used to collect the cleaning compounds and to minimize their evaporation to the atmosphere.

Unless records show that VOC-containing materials were sent off-site for legal disposal, it will be assumed that it evaporated on-site.

Recycled solvents shall be considered non-precursor organic compounds if: The solvents are recycled on-site; The solvents were originally non-precursor organic compounds; and All make-up solvents added to the recycled solvents are non-precursor organic

compounds.

Section 3.0 - Solvent Cleaning

Applicability

Rule 1, Section 3.0 shall apply to all new and existing solvent cleaning operations using volatile organic compounds for solvent cleaning. Other standards, such as the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Halogenated Solvent Cleaning, may also regulate the usage of such compounds as trichloroethylene.


Solvent cleaning operations as described in (1) or (2) below that are subject to this section are exempt from the following control technology:(1) Any open-top vapor degreaser with an open area smaller than 1 square meter (m2) (10.8

square feet (ft2)) shall be exempt from the requirements for refrigerated chiller or carbon adsorption control technologies.

(2) Any conveyorized degreaser with air/solvent interface smaller than 2 m2 (21.5 ft2) is exempt from the requirement to install a control device.

Section 3.0 Solvent Cleaning is not applicable to the following:(1) Laundering and housekeeping supplies and activities.(2) Testing for surface cleanliness or the cleaning of laboratory equipment at the laboratory.(3) A cleaning solution containing 2.0% or less VOC (by either weight or volume), or

equivalent, as shown by any of the following: Is composed of at least 98% water by either weight or volume; or Contains only water and material that is a dry solid before mixing with water; or Has a VOC content not exceeding 20 grams per liter (0.17 lb/gal).

Operating Requirements for Solvent Cleaning Operations

Any person who uses a solvent cleaner must conform to the following operating requirements: The solvent cleaner, ventilation system, and emission control equipment shall be installed,

operated, and maintained in proper working order. The solvent containers shall be free of all liquid leaks. Auxiliary cleaner equipment, such as

pumps, water separators, steam traps, or distillation units shall not have any liquid leaks, visible tears, or cracks. Any such liquid leak, visible tear, or crack that is detected shall be repaired within one day from discovery by the operator, or the cleaner shall be drained of all solvent and shut down until replaced or repaired. Solvent cleaners shall not be operated when leaking.

When solvent is added to or drained from a solvent cleaner, the solvent shall be transferred using threaded or other leakproof couplings and the end of the pipe in the solvent sump shall be located beneath the liquid solvent surface.

All solvent, including waste solvent and waste solvent residues, shall be stored in closed containers at all times. The containers shall have a label indicating the name of the solvent/material they contain.

If distillation recovery of waste solvent is performed, solvent residues shall not contain more than 20 percent solvent by weight.

Do not remove or open any device designed to cover the solvent unless processing work in the solvent cleaner or performing maintenance on the solvent cleaner.

Drain cleaned parts after cleaning for at least 15 seconds or until dripping ceases. Drain cleaned material within the freeboard area so that the drained solvent is returned to the

container. Parts shall be oriented for best drainage. If using a solvent flow, use only a continuous, fluid stream (not a fine, atomized, or shower

type spray) at a pressure that does not cause liquid solvent to splash outside of the solvent cleaner.


Perform solvent agitation, where necessary, by means other than air agitation. Solvent cleaning or solvent vapor cleaning of porous or absorbent materials such as sponges,

cloth, leather, wood, or rope, is prohibited. Minimize solvent carry-out by the following measures, as applicable:

a. Rack workload to facilitate drainage; b. Move workload in and out of the degreaser at less than 3.3 m/min (11 ft/min); c. Degrease the workload in the vapor zone until condensation ceases; d. Allow workload to dry within the solvent cleaner until visually dry; e. For manual operation, tip out any pools of solvent remaining on the workload before

removing it from the solvent cleaner. A cleaner shall not be located where drafts are directed across the cleaner. For those cleaners equipped with water separators, no solvent shall be visually detectable in

the water exiting the water separator. A lip exhaust system shall not be added to any solvent cleaner, unless it is vented to an

emission control system. The lip exhaust shall be turned off when the degreaser is covered. Operators must receive training in proper solvent cleaning procedures.

General Equipment Requirements

Any person who uses a solvent cleaner shall utilize the following: An apparatus or cover that prevents the solvent from evaporating when not processing work

in the solvent cleaner. a. For cold cleaning degreasers, if the solvent volatility is greater than 0.3 psia (at 100

degrees Fahrenheit), the solvent is agitated, or heated, the cover should be a sliding, rolling or guillotine (bi-parting) type that can be opened and closed easily with one hand or foot. Covers for larger degreasers may require mechanical assistance, by spring loading, conterweighting, or powered systems.

b. For open-top vapor degreasers, the cover should be a sliding, rolling or guillotine (bi-parting) type that can be opened and closed easily without disturbing the vapor zone.

c. For conveyorized degreasers, a cover shall be provided for closing off the entrance and exit during shutdown hours.

d. If the solvent cleaner is equipped with a lip exhaust, the cover shall be located below the lip exhaust. The lip exhaust shall be turned off when the solvent cleaner is covered. As of the effective date of this regulation, a lip exhaust system shall not be added to any solvent cleaner unless it is vented to an ECS.

e. Equipment covers and dipping or rotating baskets must be constructed of nonporous or nonabsorbent material. Covers must form a tight seal with the sides of the solvent cleaner and have no gaps or holes.

A facility for draining cleaned parts such that the drained solvent is returned to the container. A permanent, conspicuous label that summarizes proper operating procedures consistent with

minimizing emissions of organic solvents.


Cold Cleaning Operations

Equipment standards.The owner of a cold cleaning degreaser shall comply with the following applicable equipment specifications: Equip the cleaner with an internal drainage basket so that parts are enclosed under the cover

while draining if the solvent true vapor pressure is greater than 4.3 kPa (32 mm Hg or 0.6 psi) measured at 38 degrees C (100 degrees F) by ASTM D2879-92, except that the drainage basket may be external for cold cleaning degreasers where an internal type cannot fit into the cold cleaning degreaser;

Implement one of the following control measures if the solvent true vapor pressure is greater than 4.3 kPa (32 mm Hg or 0.6 psi) measured at 38 degrees C (100 degrees F) by ASTM D2879-92, or if the solvent is heated above 50 degrees C (120 degrees F):(1) Freeboard height that gives a freeboard ratio greater than or equal to 0.7;(2) Water cover at least 2.54 centimeters (cm) (1 inch (in)) in depth (solvent shall be

insoluble in and heavier than water); or(3) Another system of equivalent control, such as a refrigerated chiller or a carbon adsorber,

approved by the DEQ. The height of the solvent shall not exceed the manufacturer’s fill-line for the machine.

Open-top Vapor Degreasers

Equipment standards.The owner of an open-top vapor degreaser shall comply with the following applicable equipment specifications: Equip the open-top vapor degreaser with a baffle on the windward side of the open-top vapor

degreaser; Provide the following safety switches:

(1) A condenser coolant flow and high level thermostat switch that shuts off the sump heat if the condenser coolant is either not circulating or is too warm;

(2) A spray safety switch that shuts off the spray pump if the vapor level drops more than 10 cm (4 in) below the lowest condensing coil;

(3) A vapor level control thermostat that shuts off the sump heat when the vapor level rises above the recommended level;

(4) A solvent level control; and (5) A sump thermostat.

Implement one of the following control measures:(1) Freeboard ratio greater than or equal to 0.75 and, if the open-top vapor degreaser opening

is greater than 1 m2 (10.8 ft2), a powered (motorized) cover;(2) Refrigerated chiller with a chilled air blanket temperature no greater than 30% of the

solvent's boiling point in degrees F measured at the centroid of the open-top vapor degreaser at the coldest point;

(3) Enclosed design (cover or door opens only when the dry part to be cleaned is actually entering or exiting the open-top vapor degreaser);


(4) Carbon adsorption system, with ventilation greater than or equal to 15 cubic meters per minute per square meter (m3/min/m2) (50 cubic feet per minute per square foot (cfm/ft2)) of air/solvent interface (when cover is open), and exhausting less than 25 parts per million (ppm) of solvent averaged over one complete adsorption cycle, or 24 hours, whichever is less; or

(5) A control system, such as a thermal or catalytic incinerator, demonstrated to have a control efficiency equivalent to or greater than the control measures listed in the above paragraphs and approved by the DEQ.

Operating Standards.The owner of an open-top vapor degreaser shall comply with the following applicable operation standards: Workloads shall not occupy more than half of the degreaser's evaporative surface area. Spray within the vapor zone. Do not allow the vapor level to drop more than 10 cm (4 inches) below the lowest

condensing coil. Use no workplace fans near the open-top vapor degreaser opening, and ensure that exhaust

ventilation does not exceed 20 m3/min/m3 (65 cfm/ft2); When starting the degreaser, the cooling system shall be turned on before, or simultaneously

with, the sump heater. When shutting down the degreaser, the sump heater shall be turned off before, or

simultaneously with, the cooling system. The degreaser shall be covered whenever the cooling system is off.

Conveyorized degreasers

Equipment standards.The owner of a conveyorized degreaser shall comply with the following applicable equipment specifications: Equip the conveyorized degreaser with equipment, such as a drying tunnel or rotating

(tumbling) basket, sufficient to prevent cleaned parts from carrying out solvent liquid or vapor.

Provide downtime covers for closing off the entrance and exit at all times when the conveyors and exhausts are not being operated.

Provide the following safety switches:(1) A condenser coolant flow and high level thermostat switch that shuts off the sump heat if

the condenser coolant is either not circulating or is too warm;(2) A spray safety switch that shuts off the spray pump or the conveyorized degreaser if the

vapor level drops more than 10 cm (4 in) below the lowest condensing coil;(3) A vapor level control thermostat that shuts off the sump heat when the vapor level rises

above the recommended level;(4) A solvent level control; and(5) A sump thermostat.

Install one of the following control devices:


(1) Refrigerated chiller with a chilled air blanket temperature no greater than 30% of the solvent's boiling point in degrees F measured at the centroid of the conveyorized degreaser at the coldest point;

(2) Carbon adsorption system, with ventilation greater than or equal to 15 m3/min/m2 (50 cfm/ft2) of air/solvent interface (when downtime covers are open), and exhausting less than 25 ppm of solvent by volume averaged over one complete adsorption cycle, or 24 hours, whichever is less; or

(3) A control system demonstrated to have a control efficiency equivalent to or greater than the control devices listed in the above paragraphs, and approved by the DEQ.

Operating Standards.The owner of a conveyorized degreaser shall comply with the following applicable operation standards: Minimize openings during operation so that entrances and exits silhouette workloads with an

average clearance between the parts and the edge of the conveyorized degreaser opening of less than 10 cm (4 in) or less than 10% of the width of the opening.

Use no workplace fans near the conveyorized degreaser opening, and ensure that exhaust ventilation does not exceed 20 m3/min/m2 (65 cfm/ft2).

Place any installed downtime covers over entrances and exits of the conveyorized degreaser at all times when the conveyors and exhausts are not being operated.

When starting the degreaser, the cooling system shall be turned on before, or simultaneously with, the sump heater.

When shutting down the degreaser, the sump heater shall be turned off before, or simultaneously with, the cooling system.

Work Practices for Wipe Cleaning

Any person who conducts wipe cleaning must conform to the following requirements: Immediately after use, place all rags, or any other porous materials used to apply solvent, in a

covered container that is labeled as waste solvent. Store waste solvent only in covered containers labeled as waste solvent. Follow operating procedures that prevent solvent from dripping from the applicator during

solvent application. Provide a permanent, conspicuous label summarizing the operating procedures and provide

supervision or instruction adequate to ensure that procedures are followed.

Test Methods

Compliance with the equipment standards in Section 3.0 of this Chapter shall be determined by applying the following test methods, which are found at 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, the ASTM methods, or as indicated:

A. Methods 1-4 for determining flow rates;B. Method 18 for determining gaseous organic compound emissions by gas

chromatography;


C. Method 25 for determining total gaseous nonmethane organic emissions as carbon, except in cases where the outlet VOC concentration of the control device is less than fifty (50) ppm as carbon, in which case Method 25A shall be used;

D. Method 25A or 25B for determining total gaseous organic concentrations using flame ionization or nondispersive infrared analysis;

E. EPA Test Method 204 for criteria for and verification of a permanent or temporary total enclosure, 204a –f (40 CFR Part 51, Appendix M);

F. California’s Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD) Method 31, “Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Paint Strippers, Solvent Cleaners, and Low Solids Coatings”;

G. California’s South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Method 313-91.

H. ASTM D2879-92 for measuring solvent true vapor pressure.

Operation and Maintenance Plan For Emission Control Systems

Submit an Operation and Maintenance Plan (O&M Plan) for emission control systems. The plan shall be submitted for approval within 6 months of the effective date of this regulation.

If a source intends to install a new Emission Control System (ECS) as the means of meeting the provisions of this section, the owner or operator shall notify the DEQ in writing within 30 days of applicability. Such an ECS shall be in use within 9 months of the effective date of this regulation. The O&M Plan shall be submitted for approval upon startup of the ECS.

Any person incinerating, adsorbing, or otherwise processing VOC emissions pursuant to this section shall provide, properly install and maintain in calibration, in good working order and in operation, devices described in the facility’s O&M Plan that indicate temperatures, pressures, rates of flow, or other operating conditions necessary to determine if air pollution control equipment is functioning properly and is properly maintained.

Reporting - Initial compliance certification

Within 6 months of the effective date of this regulation, or upon startup of a new solvent cleaner or new ECS used to comply with this section, the owner shall provide to the DEQ an initial compliance certification. Owners or operators of solvent cleaners that are still in operation six years after the date from which the initial compliance certification was provided to the DEQ shall provide an updated compliance certification within 30 days of this occurrence.

Monitoring and Testing

Upon startup of a new solvent cleaner, replacement of an existing solvent cleaner with one of a different model, changing the control device used on an existing solvent cleaner, or upon request by the DEQ, the owner of the solvent cleaner shall perform tests and submit to the


DEQ, results of all tests and calculations necessary to demonstrate that the solvent cleaner will be in compliance with the applicable equipment standards.

In addition to monitoring requirements laid out in the O&M Plan, safety switches must be tested semiannually.

Recordkeeping

The owner of all solvent cleaners subject to this section shall establish and maintain all records necessary for determining compliance with the requirements for a period of 5 years.

Current List: Maintain a current list of cleaning-solvents; state the VOC content of each in pounds VOC per gallon of material or grams per liter of material.

Monthly Usage Records: Maintain records of the amount of cleaning-solvent used; update by the end of the month for the previous month.

For purposes of recording usage, an operator may give cleaning-solvents of similar VOC content a single group-name, distinct from any product names in the group. The total usage of all the products in that group are then recorded under just one name. (In such a case, the operator must also keep a separate list that identifies the product names of the particular solvents included under the group name). To the group name shall be assigned the highest VOC content among the members of that group, rounded to the nearest 10th of a pound of VOC per gallon of material, or to the nearest gram VOC per liter of material.

Maintain a continuous record of the times an approved emission control device is used to comply with this section. Maintain daily records of the O&M Plan's key system operating parameters. Account for any periods of operation when the control device was not operating. Maintain records of all maintenance performed according to the O&M Plan and for the semiannual inspection of safety switches.

Section 4.0 - Surface Coating

Applicability

Rule 1, Section 4.0 applies to all new and existing surface coating operations covered by the surface coating categories contained in this section. Other federal standards, such as the New Source Performance Standards, may also be applicable.

This section does not apply to architectural coating or aerospace coating operations and cleaning or stripping a surface for coating or other purposes, which are covered under other sections of this regulation.

This section does not apply to the following materials that meet the specific qualification(s) and limitation(s) set forth herein:Leak-Preventing Materials: Sealants, adhesives, caulking, and similar materials used on the following substrates for the primary purpose of leak prevention are exempt from this rule:(1) Non-metallic substrates; and


(2) Used substrates, post manufacture, such as, but not limited to, old joints and seals on pipe and valve assemblies.

Adhesive Use:(1) Adhesive and adhesive primer applications are exempt from this rule, except as specified in the sections for miscellaneous metal parts and products and paper coating.(2) Any adhesive exempted by this rule shall comply with the provisions of Section 1.0 General Limitations and Standards.

Certain Joint Fillers: Caulking and beaded sealants used to fill gaps or to fill joints between surfaces are exempt from this rule, except those used in manufacturing miscellaneous metal parts and products or in the manufacturing of cans.

Extreme Performance Coatings: Extreme performance coatings are exempt from the VOC limits when used under the following conditions:(1) Used on internal combustion engine components that are normally above 250°F (121°C) during use; or(2) Used at temperatures above 250°F (121°C) on items that are both included under SIC (Standard Industrial Classification, 1987) codes 3661, 3663, 3669, 3677, 3678, 3679, or 3769 and are electronic products in space vehicles and/or are communications equipment.

The following are exempt from all but the recordkeeping requirements of this section:(1) Coating with an aerosol can.(2) Touch up or repair-coating operations.(3) Low usage coatings that in aggregate of all formulations do not exceed 55 gallons (208

liters) per year facility-wide if the operator updates usage-records of these coatings on each day of their use.

(4) A small surface-coating source (SSCS). However, once a SSCS exceeds either the 15 lb per day or the 2 tons per year limits that are required to maintain SSCS status, the facility is permanently subject to the limits, with the following exception:(a) For such a facility that does not have either a 15 lbs/day or a 2 tons/yr VOC-emission

limit in a permit for processes regulated by this rule, an owner or operator may retain the exemption if s/he agrees in writing to enforceable permit conditions that establish these or stricter limits.

(b) However, a facility that violates its permit limit of either 15 lbs VOC/day or 2 tons VOC/yr for coating process regulated by this rule is permanently subject to the limits.

Determination of VOC Content

In this section, VOC content is determined by one of two formulas. To determine compliance with kilogram per liter or pound per gallon requirements or the 2.0 lb VOC/gal threshold in the application methods section, use the following formula in (1). For other purposes, use the formula given in (2).


(1) VOC CONTENT MINUS EXEMPT COMPOUNDS (is the same as VOC content minus exempt evaporating components, also known as “The EPA Method 24 VOC Content” on manufacturer’s data sheets.)

VOC Content Minus Exempt Compounds = Ws – Ww - Wes

Vm – Vw - Ves

Using consistently either English or metric measures in the calculation, where:W s = weight of all volatile material in pounds (or kilograms) including VOC, water, non-

precursor organic compounds, and dissolved vaporsW w = weight of water in pounds (or kilograms)W es = weight of all non-precursor organic compounds in pounds (or kilograms)V m = volume of total material in gallons (or liters)Vw = volume of water in gallons (or liters)Ves = volume of all non-precursor organic compounds in gallons (or liters)

(2) VOC CONTENT OF MATERIAL (MATERIAL VOC-CONTENT)

VOC Content Of Material = Ws – Ww - Wes

Vm

Using consistently either English or metric measures in the calculation, where:W s = weight of all volatile material in pounds (or kilograms) including VOC, water, non-

precursor organic compounds, and dissolved vaporsW w = weight of water in pounds (or kilograms)W es = weight of all non-precursor organic compounds in pounds (or kilograms)V m = volume of total material in gallons (or liters)

Emission Limitations

The owner or operator of a surface coating unit, line, or operation shall comply with the applicable emission limitations in this rule by the use of Low Solvent Content Coating Technology, Plant-wide Emission Reduction Plan, or Add-On Air Pollution Control Devices, as specified in the Compliance Methods section. Emission limitations on VOC content for all surface coating categories, except flatwood paneling, are expressed in units of mass of VOC in kilograms (kg) or pound (lb) per volume of coating in liters (l) or gallons (gal), excluding water and exempt compounds, as applied. Emission limitations on VOC content for flatwood paneling are expressed in units of mass of VOC (kg or lb) per area of surface to which the coating is applied (100 square meters (m2) or 1,000 square feet (ft2)).


Automobiles and light-duty trucks

For the purpose of this paragraph, the following definitions apply:Application area means the area where the coating is applied by dipping or spraying.Automobile means all passenger cars or passenger car derivations capable of seating 12 or fewer passengers.Light-duty trucks mean any motor vehicles rated at 3,864 kilograms (8,500 pounds) gross weight or less which are designed primarily for the purpose of transportation or are derivatives of such vehicles.Manufacturing plant means a facility where automobile and truck bodies are manufactured and/or finished for eventual assembly into a finished product ready for sale to vehicle dealers. Customizer, body shops, and other repainters are not part of this definition. This paragraph will apply to the application area(s), flashoff area(s), and oven(s) of

automotive and light-duty truck manufacturing plants involved in prime, topcoat, and final repair coating operations.

No owner or operator of an automobile or light-duty manufacturing plant subject to this paragraph may cause, allow, or permit the discharge into the atmosphere of any VOCs in excess of the following emission limitations:

Category kg/l lb/gal1. Prime application, flashoff area, 0.14 1.2

and oven operations2. Surface application, flashoff area, 0.34 2.8

and oven operations.3. Topcoat application, flashoff area, 0.34 2.8

and oven operations.4. Final repair application, flashoff area, 0.58 4.8

and oven operations.

Cans

For the purpose of this paragraph, the following definitions apply:Can means any cylindrical, single-walled container, with or without a top, cover, spout, or handle, that is manufactured from metal sheets thinner than 29 gauge (0.0141 inch (in)).Can coating unit means a coating unit in which any coating is applied onto the surface of cans or can components.Can printing ink means a fluid or viscous formulation used in can printing that imparts design, pattern, and/or alphanumeric symbols to a can.End sealing compound coat means a compound applied onto can ends that functions as a gasket when the end is assembled onto the can.Exterior basecoat means a coating applied to the exterior of a two-piece can body to provide protection to the metal, or to provide background for any lithographic or printing operation.Interior body spray coat means a coating applied to the interior of the can body to provide a protective film between the product and the can.


Over varnish means a coating applied directly over a design coating or directly over ink to reduce the coefficient of friction, to provide gloss, and to protect the finish against abrasion and corrosion.Sheet basecoat means a coating applied to metal in sheet form to serve as either the exterior or interior of two-piece or three-piece can bodies or can ends.Side-seam spray coat means a coating applied to the seam of a three-piece can.Three-piece can means a can that is made by rolling a rectangular sheet of metal into a cylinder that is soldered, welded, or cemented at the seam with two ends attached.Two-piece can means a can whose body and one end are formed from a shallow cup and to which the other end is later attached.Two-piece can exterior end coat means a coating applied by roller coating or spraying to the exterior end of a two-piece can to provide protection to the metal. This subsection applies to any can coating unit subject to emission limitations specified below and as

per the definitions, and used to apply the following coatings: sheet basecoat, exterior basecoat, over varnish, interior body spray coat, side-seam-spray coat, two-piece can exterior end coat, end sealing compound coat, and can printing ink. The owner or operator of a can coating unit subject to this subsection shall not cause or allow the release of VOC that exceeds the following emission limitations:

Category kg/l lb/gal1. Sheet basecoat, exterior basecoat, and 0.34 2.8

over varnish2. Interior body spray coat 0.51 4.23. Side-seam spray coat 0.66 5.54. Two piece can exterior end coat 0.51 4.25. End sealing compound coat 0.44 3.76. Can printing ink 0.30 2.5

Fabric

For the purpose of this paragraph, the following definitions apply:Fabric coating line means a web coating line where coating is applied to fabric. A fabric printing line engaged in the dyeing and finishing of textiles as classified in Industrial Group 226 or Industry 2231 is not considered a fabric coating line.Fabric coating unit means a coating application station and its associated flashoff area, drying area, or oven wherein coating is applied and dried or cured in a fabric coating line. A fabric coating line may include more than one fabric coating unit. This subsection applies to any fabric coating unit or line subject to emission limitations as

specified below and as per the definitions. The owner or operator of a fabric coating unit or line subject to this subsection shall not cause or allow the release of VOC that exceeds the following emission limitation:

Category kg/l lb/galFabric coating line 0.35 2.9


Film coating

For the purpose of this paragraph, the following definitions apply:Film coating means any coating applied in a web coating process on film substrate other than paper or fabric, including, but not limited to, typewriter ribbons, photographic film, magnetic tape and metal foil gift wrap. This subsection applies to any film coating unit or line subject to emission limitations as

specified below and as per the definitions. The owner or operator of a film coating unit or line subject to this subsection shall not cause or allow the release of VOC that exceeds the following emission limitation:

Category kg/l lb/galFilm coating line 0.35 2.9

Flatwood paneling

For the purpose of this paragraph, the following definitions apply:Class I (or Class II) hardboard paneling finish means finishes that meet the specifications of Voluntary Product Standard PS-59-73 as approved by the American National Standards Institute.Flatwood paneling coating line means a coating line used to apply and dry or cure coatings applied to one of the following flatwood paneling categories: printed interior panels made of hardwood plywood and thin particleboard (i.e., less than or equal to 0.64 centimeter (cm) (0.25 in) thick; natural finish hardwood plywood panels; and Class II hardboard paneling finish. Flatwood paneling coating line does not include Class I hardwood panels, particle board used in furniture, insulation board, exterior siding, tileboard, and soft plywood coating lines.Hardboard means a panel manufactured primarily from wood fibers that are consolidated under heat and pressure in a hot press.Hardwood plywood means plywood whose surface layer is a veneer of hardwood.Natural finish hardwood plywood panels means panels whose original grain pattern is enhanced by essentially transparent finishes frequently supplemented by fillers and toners.Printed interior panels means panels whose grain or natural surface is obscured by fillers and basecoat upon which a simulated grain or decorative pattern is printed.Thin particleboard means a manufactured board that is 0.64 cm (0.25 in) or less in thickness made of individual wood particles that have been coated with a binder and formed into flat sheets by pressure.Tileboard means paneling that has a colored, waterproof surface coating. This subsection applies to any flatwood paneling coating line subject to emission limitations specified

below and as per the definitions. The owner or operator of a flatwood paneling coating line subject to this subsection shall not cause or allow the release of VOC that exceeds the following emission limitations:

Category kg/100 m2 lb/1,000 ft2

1. Printed interior panels 2.9 6.02. Natural finish hardwood plywood panels 5.8 12.03. Class II hardboard paneling finish 4.8 10.0


Large appliances

For the purpose of this paragraph, the following definitions apply:Application area means the area where the coating is applied by spraying, dipping, or flowcoating techniques.Large appliances mean doors, cases, lids, panels, and interior support parts of residential and commercial washers, dryers, ranges, refrigerators, freezers, water heaters, dishwashers, trash compactors, air conditioners, and other similar products.Single coat means a single film of coating applied directly to a metal substrate omitting the primer application. This paragraph, will apply to application area(s), flashoff area(s), and oven(s) of large

appliance coating lines involved in prime, single, or topcoat coating operations. This paragraph, will not apply to the use of quick-drying lacquers for repair of scratches and

nicks that occur during assembly, provided that the volume of coating does not exceed 757 liters (200 gallons) in any one year.

No owner or operator of a large appliance coating line subject to this paragraph, may cause, allow, or permit the discharge into the atmosphere of any VOCs in excess of the following:

Category kg/l lb/galPrime, single, or topcoat coating 0.34 2.8operations

Magnet wire

For the purpose of this paragraph, the following definitions apply:Magnet wire coating means the process of applying a coating of electrically insulating varnish or enamel to aluminum or copper wire for use in electrical machinery. This paragraph will apply to oven(s) of magnet wire coating operations. No owner or operator of a magnet wire coating oven subject to this paragraph may cause,

allow, or permit the discharge into the atmosphere of any VOCs in excess of the following:Category kg/l lb/galMagnet wire coating operations 0.20 1.7

Metal coil

For the purpose of this paragraph, the following definitions apply:Coil coating means the coating of any flat metal sheet or strip that comes in rolls or coils.Quench area means a chamber where the hot metal exiting the oven is cooled by either a spray of water or a blast of air followed by water cooling. This paragraph will apply to the coating applicator(s), oven(s), and quench area(s) of coil

coating lines involved in prime and topcoat or single coat operations. No owner or operator of a coil coating line subject to this paragraph, may cause, allow, or

permit the discharge into the atmosphere of VOCs in excess of the following:Category kg/l lb/galPrime & topcoat or single coat operations 0.31 2.6


M etal furniture

For the purpose of this paragraph, the following definitions apply:Metal furniture means any furniture piece made of metal, or any metal part that will be assembled with other metal, wood, fabric, plastic or glass parts to form a furniture piece including, but not limited to, tables, chairs, waste baskets, beds, desks, lockers, benches, shelving, file cabinets and room dividers. This definition shall not apply to the coating of miscellaneous metal parts and products as defined in this section.Metal furniture coating unit means a coating unit in which a protective, decorative, or functional coating is applied onto the surface of metal furniture. This subsection applies to any metal furniture coating unit subject to emission limitations as

specified below and as per the definitions. The owner or operator of a metal furniture coating unit subject to this subsection shall not cause or allow the release of VOC that exceeds the following emission limitation:

Category kg/l lb/galMetal furniture coating line 0.36 3.0

Miscellaneous metal parts and products

For the purpose of this paragraph, the following definitions apply:Air-dried coating means a coating that is dried by the use of air or forced warm air at temperatures up to 90 degrees Celsius (C) (194 degrees Fahrenheit (F)).Clear coating means a coating that (1) either lacks color and opacity or is transparent, and (2) uses the surface to which it is applied as a reflective base or undertone color.Drum means any cylindrical metal shipping container of thirteen (13)- to 110-gallon capacity.Extreme performance coating means a coating intended for exposure to extreme environmental conditions, including but not limited to, the outdoors, temperatures above 95 degrees C or 203 degrees F, detergents, abrasive and scouring agents, solvents, and corrosive atmospheres.Miscellaneous metal parts and products means any metal part or metal product, even if attached to or combined with a nonmetal part or product. Miscellaneous metal parts and products include, but are not limited to, the application of underbody anti chip materials (e.g. underbody plastisol) and surface coating operations other than prime coat, primer surface, topcoat and final repair operations at automobile and light-duty truck assembly plants, as well as including the following Industrial Classification Codes: Major Group 33 (primary metal industries), Major Group 34 (fabricated metal products), Major Group 35 (non electric machinery), Major Group 36 (electrical machinery), Major Group 37 (transportation equipment), Major Group 38 (miscellaneous instruments), and Major Group 39 (miscellaneous manufacturing industries).Miscellaneous metal products and parts does not include: 1) maintenance, repair or refinishing of machinery, production equipment, piping, storage vessels and similar parts where the part is to be used on site and not offered for sale; 2) shipbuilding operations; 3) the field application of coatings to stationary steel structures and their appurtenances; and 4) aerospace manufacturing, overhaul, and repair operations.Miscellaneous metal parts and products coating unit means a coating unit in which a coating is applied to any miscellaneous metal parts and products.Pail means any cylindrical metal shipping container of one (1) to twelve (12) gallon capacity and constructed of 29 gauge and heavier metal.


Refinishing means the repainting of used equipment. This subsection applies to any miscellaneous metal parts and products coating unit subject to

emission limitations specified below and as per the definitions. This includes non-adhesive coating, adhesive, adhesive primer, caulking, and beaded sealants. The owner or operator of a miscellaneous metal parts and products coating unit subject to this subsection shall not cause or allow the release of VOC that exceeds the following emission limitations:

Category kg/l lb/gal1. Clear coating 0.52 4.32. Steel pail and drum interior 0.52 4.33. Air-dried coating 0.42 3.54. Extreme performance coating 0.42 3.55. All other coatings 0.36 3.0

This subsection does not apply to the coating of metal cans or to the coating of metal furniture that are subject to other subsections of this rule.

Paper

For the purpose of this paragraph, the following definitions apply:Knife Coating means the application of a coating material to a substrate by means of drawing the substrate beneath a knife that spreads the coating evenly over the full width of the substrate.Paper coating means coatings put on paper and pressure sensitive tapes regardless of substrate. Related web coating processes on plastic film and decorative coatings on metal foil are included.Roll Coating means the application of a coating material to a substrate by means of hard rubber or steel rolls.Rotogravure Coating means the application of a coating material to a substrate by means of a roll coating technique in which the pattern to be applied is etched on the coating roll. The coating material is picked up in these recessed areas and is transferred to the substrate. This paragraph will apply to roll, knife, or rotogravure coater(s) and drying ovens of paper

coating lines. No owner or operator of a paper coating line subject to this paragraph may cause, allow, or

permit the discharge into the atmosphere of any VOCs in excess of the following:Category kg/l lb/galPaper coating line, including adhesives 0.35 2.9

Plastic parts and products

For the purpose of this paragraph, the following definitions apply:Clear coat means any coating that lacks color or opacity or is transparent.Flexible plastic parts or product means a plastic part or product designed to withstand significant deformation without damaging it for its intended use. Not included are flexible plastic parts that are found on a can, coil, metal furniture, or large appliance, or that are already a part of an aerospace component, highway vehicle, mobile equipment, architectural building or structure, or a previously coated marine-vessel.


Highway vehicle means any vehicle that is physically capable of being driven upon a highway including, but not limited to, cars, pickups, vans, trucks, truck-tractors, motor-homes, motorcycles, and utility vehicles.Mobile equipment means any equipment that is physically capable of being driven or drawn upon a highway including, but not limited to, the following types of equipment: construction vehicles (such as mobile cranes, bulldozers, concrete mixers); farming equipment (wheel tractor, plow, pesticide sprayer); hauling equipment (truck trailers, utility bodies, camper shells); and miscellaneous equipment (street cleaners, mopeds, golf carts).Plastic means any solid, synthetic resin, polymer, or elastomer, except rubber. For the purposes of this rule, plastic film is considered film; fabric and paper made of polymeric plastic fibers are considered fabric and paper, respectively.Topcoat means the final, permanent, coating-formulation that completed the finish on a surface. This subsection applies to any plastic parts and products coating unit subject to emission limitations

specified below and as per the definitions. The owner or operator of a plastic parts and products coating unit subject to this subsection shall not cause or allow the release of VOC that exceeds the following emission limitations:

Category kg/l lb/gal1. Plastic parts and products that are not

defined as flexible0.42 3.5

2. Flexible plastic parts and products:Primer 0.49 4.1Color topcoat 0.45 3.8Basecoat/clear coat (combined system) - limit for either coat

0.54 4.5

Strippable booth coatings

For the purpose of this paragraph, the following definitions apply:Strippable booth coating means a temporary coating that is applied to spray booth surfaces to receive the overspray and protect the surfaces, and which is designed to readily be pulled off the substrate in strips or sheets, and disposed of. This subsection applies to any strippable booth coating subject to emission limitations as

specified below and as per the definitions. An owner or operator that uses a strippable booth coating subject to this subsection shall not cause or allow the release of VOC that exceeds the following emission limitation:

Category kg/l lb/galStrippable booth coating 0.24 2.0

Vinyl

For the purpose of this paragraph, the following definitions apply:Vinyl coating line means a web coating line where a decorative, functional, or protective coating is applied to a continuous web coating line of vinyl or vinyl-coated fabric. Lines used for coating or printing on vinyl and coating or printing on urethane are considered vinyl coating lines.


This subsection applies to any vinyl coating unit or line subject to emission limitations as specified below and as per the definitions. The owner or operator of a vinyl coating unit or line subject to this subsection shall not cause or allow the release of VOC that exceeds the following emission limitation:

Category kg/l lb/galVinyl coating line 0.45 3.8

Application Methods

A person shall employ one of the following for all applications of surface coating containing more than 2 pounds of VOC per gallon (240 g/L) minus exempt compounds:

A low pressure spray gun; An electrostatic system; A system that atomizes principally by hydraulic pressure, including “airless” and “air

assisted airless”; Non-atomizing or non-spraying application methods, such as but not limited to dipping,

rolling, or brushing; or Any method which is approved by the Administrator of the Federal EPA and the DEQ as

having a transfer efficiency of 65% or greater.

A person may employ spray guns otherwise prohibited for use with coatings over 2 lb VOC /gal under the following limited conditions:

If VOC emissions from the finishing application station, are captured and directed to an ECS complying with the provisions of the section entitled “Add-on air pollution control devices.”

To coat the inside of pipes and tubes with a wand-style applicator. Using an airbrush or other small gun that has a reservoir capacity not exceeding 250 cc

(8.8 fluid ounces) and is used solely for detailing, lettering, touch up, and/or repair.

Controls Required for Spray Coating

The controls required below shall not apply to the following: The spray coating of facility equipment or structures that are fixed in a permanent

location and cannot easily be moved into an enclosure or spray booth and which are not normally dismantled or moved prior to coating.

The spray coating of objects which cannot fit inside of an enclosure with internal dimensions of 10’W X 25’L X 8’H.

Enclosures and spray booths and exhausts located entirely in a completely enclosed building, providing that any vents or openings do not allow overspray to be emitted into the outside air.

Any coating operations utilizing only hand-held aerosol cans.

No person shall use or operate any spray painting or spray coating equipment unless one of the following conditions is met:


Equipment Operated In Enclosures Located Outside a Building: Spray coating equipment shall be operated inside an enclosure which has at least three sides a minimum of eight feet in height and able to contain any object or objects being coated.

a. Three-Sided Enclosures: Spray shall be directed in a horizontal or downward pointing manner so that overspray is directed at the walls or floor of the enclosure. No spraying shall be conducted within three feet of any open end and/or within two feet of the top of the enclosure.b. More Complete Enclosures: For enclosures with three sides and a roof or complete enclosures, spray shall be directed into the enclosure so that the overspray is directed away from any opening in the enclosure. No spraying shall be conducted within three feet of any open end and/or within two feet of any open top of the enclosure.

Equipment Operated With Forced Air Exhaust Vented Directly Outside:Any spray booth or enclosure with forced air exhaust must have a filtering system with an average overspray removal efficiency of at least 92% by weight for the type of material being sprayed. No gaps, sags or holes shall be present in the filters and all exhaust must be discharged into the atmosphere. Spray Booths or enclosures utilizing a water curtain, waterfall or other means to capture particulates in a liquid medium shall effectively remove at least 92% of the overspray and be operated in a manner consistent with the manufacturer’s specifications to achieve such efficiency for the type of material being sprayed.

Compliance Methods

The owner or operator of a surface coating unit, line or operation subject to this section shall choose one or more of the three compliance methods below in order to comply with the applicable emission limitations contained in this section.A. Low solvent content coating technology. The owner or operator of a coating unit

subject to this section that chooses to use a low solvent content coating shall not cause or allow application of any coating on that coating unit with VOC content that exceeds the applicable emission limitations in this rule. If a source wishes to use a low solvent technology and the technology to be used for any particular application is not now proven but is expected to be proven in a reasonable length of time, the source may request a compliance date extension from the DEQ. Compliance date extensions will require progress reports every 90 days, or as directed by the DEQ, to show reasonable progress toward technology to meet the specified emission limitation.

B. Plant-wide emission reduction plan. A plant-wide emission reduction plan may be approved by the DEQ if it can be demonstrated by the surface coating facility that any emissions in excess of those allowed for a given coating line will be compensated for by reducing emissions from regulated sources within the surface coating facility.

C. Add-on air pollution control devices. The owner or operator of a coating unit that chooses to obtain compliance with the applicable emission limitations, in terms of kilograms per liter or pounds per gallon of solids as applied, by an add-on air pollution control device shall install and operate a capture system and control device at least 80 percent efficient overall. All surface coating facilities shall submit to the DEQ, for approval, design data for each capture system and emission control device that if proposed for use.


(1) The capture system and control device shall be operated at all times that the coating unit is in operation. The owner or operator shall demonstrate compliance with the applicable emission limitations of this rule through the applicable test methods for coating analysis, capture system, control device and capture efficiency.

(2) The control device shall be equipped with the applicable monitoring equipment as specified by the DEQ, which shall be installed, calibrated, operated and maintained according to the manufacturer's specifications at all times.

Compliance Determination

The following means shall be used to determine compliance with Section 4.0: Measurement of VOC content of materials subject to this rule shall be conducted and

reported using one of the following means:A. The VOC content of coatings, solvents, and other substances having less than 5% solids

will be determined by the test method BAAQMD Method 31 or SCAQMD Method 313-91.

B. The VOC content of coatings or other materials having 5% or more solids will be determined by the test method EPA Method 24, BAAQMD Method 31, or SCAQMD Method 313-91.(1) Plastisols, powder coatings, and radiation-cured coatings shall be cured according to

the procedures actually used in the coating process being tested before final VOC-emission determinations are made.

(2) In the case of multi-component, polymerizing coatings tested according to Method 24 shall be modified to eliminate the post-mixing dilution-step (that employs toluene or other solvent). Instead, the mixture shall be spread by appropriate technique to form a thin layer, occupying the entire bottom of the foil pan. Techniques included in the method referenced in EPA Method 18 or EPA Method 25 (and its submethods) can be used as a guide for such spreading.

The VOC content of gaseous emissions entering and exiting an ECS shall be determined either by EPA Method 18 or EPA Method 25 and its submethods.

Capture efficiency of an ECS shall be determined either by EPA Method 204 and its submethods, or by using mass balance calculation methods in concert with EPA Methods 2, 2a, 2c, and 2d.

Measurement of air pressure at the center of the spray gun tip and air horns of an air-atomizing spray gun shall be performed using an attachable device in proper working order supplied by the gun's manufacturer for performing such a measurement.

Temperature measurements shall be done with an instrument with an accuracy and precision of less than one-half degree Fahrenheit (0.25°C) for temperatures up to 480°F (250°C).

If improved transfer efficiency application equipment is used to comply with the emission limitations in terms of kilograms per liter or pounds per gallon solids deposited, the improved transfer efficiency equipment shall be tested following procedures approved in advance by the DEQ, such as those specified in EPA’s “Protocol for Determining the Daily Volatile Organic Compound Emission Rate of Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Topcoat Operations”, EPA 450/3-88-018, December 1988. The applicable emission limit shall be


calculated using the transfer efficiency baseline established by the DEQ and compliance shall be determined following a calculation procedure approved by the DEQ.

Test Methods

Compliance with the emission standards in Section 4.0 of this Chapter shall be determined by applying the following test methods, which are found at 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, the ASTM methods, or as indicated:

A. Methods 1-4 for determining flow rates;B. Method 18 for determining gaseous organic compound emissions by gas

chromatography;C. Test Method 24 for determining volatile matter content, water content,

density, volume solids, and weight solids of surface coatings;D. Method 25 for determining total gaseous nonmethane organic emissions as

carbon, except in cases where the outlet VOC concentration of the control device is less than fifty (50) ppm as carbon, in which case Method 25A shall be used;

E. Method 25A or 25B for determining total gaseous organic concentrations using flame ionization or nondispersive infrared analysis;

F. EPA Test Method 204 for criteria for and verification of a permanent or temporary total enclosure, 204a –f (40 CFR Part 51, Appendix M);

G. California’s Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD) Method 31, “Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Paint Strippers, Solvent Cleaners, and Low Solids Coatings”;

H. California’s South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Method 313-91.

Operation and Maintenance Plan For Emission Control Systems

Submit an Operation and Maintenance Plan (O&M Plan) for emission control systems. The plan shall be submitted for approval within 6 months of the effective date of this regulation.

If a source intends to install a new Emission Control System (ECS) as the means of meeting the provisions of this section, the owner or operator shall notify the DEQ in writing within 30 days of applicability. Such an ECS shall be in use within 9 months of the effective date of this regulation. The O&M Plan shall be submitted for approval upon startup of the ECS.

Any person incinerating, adsorbing, or otherwise processing VOC emissions pursuant to this section shall provide, properly install and maintain in calibration, in good working order and in operation, devices described in the facility’s O&M Plan that indicate temperatures, pressures, rates of flow, or other operating conditions necessary to determine if air pollution control equipment is functioning properly and is properly maintained.


Reporting - Initial compliance certification

Within 6 months of the effective date of this regulation, or upon startup of a new surface coating operation or new ECS used to comply with this section, the owner shall provide to the DEQ an initial compliance certification. Owners or operators of surface coating operations that are still in operation six years after the date from which the initial compliance certification was provided to the DEQ shall provide an updated compliance certification within 30 days of this occurrence.

Monitoring and Testing

Upon startup of a surface coating operation, changing the control device used on an existing surface coating operation, or upon request by the DEQ, the owner of the surface coating operation shall perform tests and submit to the DEQ, results of all tests and calculations necessary to demonstrate that the surface coating operation will be in compliance with the applicable equipment standards.

Recordkeeping

The owner of all surface coating operations subject to this section shall establish and maintain all records necessary for determining compliance with the requirements for a period of 5 years.

Current List: Maintain a current list of coatings, adhesives, reducers, thinners, gun-cleaning materials, additives, and any other VOC-containing materials regulated by this section; state the VOC content of each as received (before thinning). Express VOC content in one of the following forms: pounds VOC per gallon, kilograms VOC per liter, or the percent VOC by weight along with the specific gravity or density. Facilities that are not small surface-coating sources shall do the following:(1) Make the following listings for coatings and adhesives that have VOC limits in this rule:

(a) VOC Before Reducing: The VOC content of each coating as received, minus exempt compounds. (This figure is sometimes called the “EPA Method 24” VOC content on manufacturer’s data sheets). If the coating is a multi-part coating, list the VOC content which the manufacturer states the coating will have once you have mixed all the necessary parts together in the proportions specified by the manufacturer.

(b) List Maximum VOC Content Of Coating As Applied: For each coating that you thin/reduce or add any additive to, record in a permanent log either of the following:(i) The maximum number of fluid ounces thinner/reducer that you ever add to a

gallon of unreduced coating (or maximum g/liter), and the maximum fluid ounces of every other additive you mix into a gallon of the coating; or

(ii) The VOC content of the coating, after adding the maximum amount of thinner/reducer and other additives that you would ever add, as determined by formula (1) given in the Section entitled “Determination of VOC Content.”

(2) Have a hardcopy of the VOC vapor pressure (VP) at 20°C (68°F) of solvent(s) used to clean spray guns, hoses, reservoirs, and any other coating application equipment. Any one of the following ways of providing the VP data is sufficient:


(a) A current manufacturer’s technical data sheet;(b) A current manufacturer’s safety data sheet (MSDS);(c) Actual test results; or(d) A letter signed by an official or lab manager of the supplying facility.

Usage Records: Update records, showing the type and amount used of each VOC-containing coating or adhesive which is regulated by name or type, and update each VOC-containing material, related to surface coating, that is not addressed by the specific kg/l or lb/gal requirements. This includes, but is not limited to, thinners, surfacers, and diluents. Maintain records according to the following schedule: Small surface-coating sources shall update each month’s records of coating use by the

end of the following month. For a source that does not meet the definition of small surface-coating source:

(1) Monthly update records of each coating used that complies with the VOC limits. Complete a month’s update by the end of the following month.(2) Daily update the usage of each coating that exceeds the VOC limits.

For purposes of recording usage, coatings and adhesives that are in the same category and have similar VOC content, may be recorded under a name that includes the category name. The highest VOC content among the members of that grouping shall be assigned to the grouping, rounded to the nearest 10th of a pound or kilogram VOC. To identify what products belong within each group, after each group name and the group’s VOC content of material must appear the name of each product in the group and its VOC content of material.

Maintain a continuous record of the times an approved emission control device is used to comply with this rule. Record the amount and VOC content of coating, the amount of catalyst/hardener, and the amounts of solvent, reducer, and diluent used that were subject to ECS control. Maintain daily records of the O&M Plan's key system operating parameters. Account for any periods of operation when the control device was not operating. Maintain records of all maintenance performed according to the O&M Plan.

Section 5.0 - Architectural Coating

Applicability

Rule 1, Section 5.0 is applicable to any person who applies or solicits the application of an architectural coating for use on GRIC land.

The provisions of this rule shall not apply to architectural coatings supplied in containers having capacities of one quart or less.

Emission Standards

No person shall employ, apply, evaporate, or dry any architectural coating containing photochemically reactive solvents for industrial or commercial purposes, or thin or dilute any architectural coating with a photochemically reactive solvent.


For the purposes of this section, “photochemically reactive solvent” shall be any solvent with an aggregate of more than 20 percent of its total volume composed of the chemical compounds classified below, or that exceeds any of the following individual percentage composition limitations, referred to the total volume of solvent:2. A combination of the following types of compounds having an olefinic or cyclo-olefinic

type of unsaturation - hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ethers, or ketones: five percent.

3. A combination of aromatic compounds with eight or more carbon atoms to the molecule except ethylbenzene: eight percent.

4. A combination of ethylbenzene, ketones having branched hydrocarbon structures, trichloroethylene or toluene: 20 percent.

Whenever any organic solvent or any constituent of an organic solvent may be classified from its chemical structure into more than one of the above groups or organic compounds, it shall be considered as a member of the group having the least allowable percent of the total volume of solvents.

Section 6.0 - VOC Storage and Transfer

Applicability

Rule 1, Section 6.0 applies to the storage of volatile organic compounds in stationary tanks, reservoirs, or other containers, and the transfer of volatile organic compounds from a storage vessel to a tank truck, trailer, or railroad tank car. VOCs with a true vapor pressure less than 1.5 pounds per square inch absolute (psia) under actual storage conditions are exempt from this section.

Storage of VOCs

Exemption. VOC storage vessels that are subject to equipment standards (e.g., a fixed roof in combination with an internal floating cover, an external floating roof, or a closed vent system and control device) in 40 CFR Part 60 Subparts K, Ka, or Kb are exempt.

Storage capacities greater than 40,000 gallons. Each VOC storage vessel with a capacity of more than 40,000 gallons shall be a pressure vessel capable of maintaining working pressures that prevent the loss of VOC to the atmosphere or be equipped with a permanent submerged fill pipe and one of the following vapor-loss control devices:1. An external floating roof that consists of a pontoon type or double-deck type cover, or a

fixed roof with an internal-floating cover. The cover shall rest on the surface of the liquid contents at all times (i.e., off the leg supports), except during initial fill, when the storage vessel is completely emptied, or during refilling. When the cover is resting on the leg supports, the process of filling, emptying, or refilling shall be continuous and shall be accomplished as rapidly as possible. The floating roof shall be equipped with a closure seal, or seals, to close the space between the cover edge and vessel wall. Floating


roofs are not appropriate control devices if the VOCs have a true vapor pressure of 11.1 psia (76.6 kPa) or greater under actual conditions.

2. A vapor-recovery system that consists of a vapor-gathering system capable of collecting 85 percent or more of the uncontrolled VOCs that would otherwise be emitted to the atmosphere and a vapor-disposal system capable of processing these VOCs to prevent their emission to the atmosphere.

3. Other equipment or methods that are of equal efficiency for purposes of air pollution control may be used when approved by the DEQ prior to installation.

Storage capacities of greater than 250 gallons to 40,000 gallons. Each VOC storage vessel with a capacity greater than 250 gallons and up to 40,000 gallons shall be equipped with a permanent submerged fill pipe, be a pressure vessel capable of maintaining working pressures that prevent the loss of VOC to the atmosphere, or be equipped with a vapor- recovery system as described above.

Loading of VOCs

Exemption. Loading facilities subject to the requirements of 40 CFR Part 60 Subpart XX or 40 CFR Part 63 Subpart R are exempt.

Loading facilities with throughput greater than 40,000 gallons/day. Each VOC loading facility with a throughput greater than 40,000 gallons/day from its aggregate loading pipes shall be equipped with a vapor-collection and disposal system unless all tank trucks, trailers, or railroad tank cars are bottom loaded with hatches closed.1. Vapor-collection portion of the system . When loading VOCs through the hatches of a

tank truck, trailer, or railroad tank car, using a loading arm equipped with a vapor collecting adapter, a pneumatic, hydraulic, or mechanical means shall be provided to ensure a vapor-tight seal between the adapter and the hatch. When loading is effected through means other than hatches, all loading and vapor lines shall be equipped with fittings that make vapor-tight connections and that must be closed when disconnected or that close automatically when disconnected.

2. Vapor-disposal portion of the system . The vapor-disposal portion of the system shall consist of a vapor-liquid absorber system with a minimum recovery efficiency of 90 percent by weight of all the VOC vapors and gases entering such disposal system, or a variable-vapor space tank, compressor, and fuel-gas system of sufficient capacity to receive all VOC vapors and gases displaced from any tank truck, trailer, or railroad tank car being loaded.

Loading facilities with throughput equal to or less than 40,000 gallons per day . Each loading pipe at a VOC loading facility with an aggregate throughput of 40,000 gallons/day or less shall be equipped with a system for submerged filling of tank trucks, trailers, or railroad tank cars that is installed and operated to maintain a 97 percent submerged factor. This applies to vessels with a capacity greater than 200 gallons.

Provisions must be made to prevent spills during the attachment and disconnection of filling lines or arms. No liquid or gaseous leaks shall exist during loading or unloading operations. Inspection for visible liquid leaks, visible fumes, or significant odors resulting from VOC dispensing operations shall be conducted by the owner or operator of the VOC loading facility or the owner or operator of the tank truck, trailer, or railroad car. VOC loading or


unloading through the affected transfer lines shall be discontinued immediately when a leak is observed and shall not be resumed until the observed leak is repaired.

Monitoring

The owner and operator of any subject loading facility shall be required to perform an inspection of each loading rack handling volatile organic compounds for facility vapor leaks or liquid leaks, and the vapor collection system and vapor disposal system, if applicable, on the following schedule:1. monthly, if sight, sound, and smell are used as detection methods;2. quarterly, if an organic vapor analyzer is used to monitor for vapor leaks.

Each detection of a leak shall be repaired or replaced within 72 hours. The repaired or replacement component shall be re-inspected the first time the component is in operation after the repair or replacement.

The owner or operator of any floating roof tank subject to this section shall inspect the tank and seals at least once every 6 months to determine ongoing compliance with both the applicable standards of this section and any permit conditions pertaining to the tank. Determinations of secondary seal gap area on external floating roofs can be made only once per year. Records of these inspections shall be maintained and made available to the DEQ upon request.

All storage tank gauging devices, anti-rotation devices, accesses, seals, hatches, roof drainage systems, support structures, and pressure relief valves shall be maintained and operated to prevent detectable vapor loss except when opened, actuated, or used for necessary and proper activities (e.g., maintenance). Such opening, actuation, or use shall be limited so as to minimize vapor loss. Floating roof tanks shall have no visible holes, tears, or other openings in the seal or in any seal fabric.

Detectable vapor loss shall be determined visually, by touch, by presence of odor, or using a portable hydrocarbon analyzer. When an analyzer us used, detectable vapor loss means a VOC concentration exceeding 10,000 ppmv. Testing and calibration procedures to determine compliance shall be consistent with EPA reference method 21 of 40 CFR Part 60. The reference compound may be methane or hexane, and a leak is defined as a reading of 10,000 ppmv of the reference compound.

Recordkeeping

For tanks subject to this section, keep accurate records of the liquids stored in such tanks including either the true or the Reid vapor pressure ranges of each stored liquid.

For loading facilities subject to this section, keep a daily record of the total throughput of VOC loaded at the facility, and the number of delivery vessels loaded at the facility and the quantity and type of VOC loaded.

The results of inspections required by this section, including a record of any leaks found at the facility and the corrective actions taken.


For vapor loss control systems: Daily measurements of the exhaust gas temperature immediately downstream of a

direct-flame incinerator; Daily measurements of the inlet and outlet gas temperature of a chiller or catalytic

incinerator; The results of monitoring outlet VOC concentration of a carbon adsorption bed to

detect breakthrough. The date and reason for any maintenance and repair of any applicable

control devices and the estimated quantity and duration of VOC emissions during such activities.

The results of any performance testing conducted as per this section.

Compliance Determination – Test Methods

Compliance with the emission standards in Section 6.0 of this regulation shall be determined by applying the following test methods, which are found at 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, the ASTM methods, or as indicated:

A. Methods 1-4 for determining flow rates, as necessary;B. Method 18 for determining gaseous organic compound emissions by gas

chromatography;C. Vapor Collection/Processing System: Control efficiency of a vapor collection/

processing system shall be determined according to EPA Reference Method 25A or Method 25B subsequent to DEQ's approval of the test protocol. Leak tests to verify a gas-tight state of the equipment associated with the vapor collection/processing device, including the piping outside of the loading area, shall be conducted according to EPA Reference Method 21.

D. True Vapor Pressure: True vapor pressure shall be determined by ASTM Method 2879-83 and by temperature measurement under actual conditions using an instrument accurate to within ± 1 degree Fahrenheit or ± 0.5 degree Celsius. For purposes of recording and reporting, the Reid vapor pressure and the foregoing temperature determination may be used in conjunction with the method of American Petroleum Institute Bulletin 2517, February, 1980, to determine true vapor pressure, unless the DEQ specifies ASTM Method 2879-83.

E. Reid Vapor Pressure: Reid vapor pressure shall be determined by ASTM Method D323-82 or by ASTM Method D-5191.


Appendix A – Site Visit Notes, Process Diagrams, and Other Supporting Materials


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