Giáo Trình Tủ Lạnh Trường Nhân Đạo

7/21/2019 Gio Trnh T Lnh Trng Nhn o

1/79

Gio trnh Thc Hnh Ngh trang - 1 -

LI NI U. .

Cng vi cng cuc cng nghip ha, hin i ha t nc, k thut lnh ang phttrin !nh !" # $it %a!. %&n kinh t' pht trin l(! cuc )*ng ng(+ c(ng t*t hn, Cc l-ithi't / lnh nh t0 lnh, t0 k1!, t0 tr2, t0 p 3 tr# n4n 5u1n thuc tr-ng 6i )*ng h(ngng(+. Cc nh( !+ v( thi't / lnh cng nghip ph7c v7 ch- tt c8 cc ng(nh c0a 93 hi, :c

it l( ng(nh ng lnh th;c ph-[ !n in lnh ngQn hn.

Nh-a C \ >in Mnh U$ ]Bi c Long


2/79


MC LC

. .

K^C K_%K L` CKb Md%K..e fP ti't

(i ] I! hiu hAat ng l(! lnh c0a 0 lnh tr4n ! hInh ............................................j

(i O ] LG J7ng J7ng c7 - in ............................................................................................

(i j ] I! hiu l*c kHn pi)t-n ...............................................................................................f

(i ] K(n gi tr-ng )Ga ch2a lnh ..................................................................................

(i ] LG J7ng Zng hZ np gam ...........................................................................................(i o ] c /nh j @u JB+ ng c l*c t0 lnh .....................................................................O

(i q ] >ng c in pha)1 tr-ng t0 lnh ............................................................................O

(i f ] Ch+ thG ng c l*c t0 lnh .....................................................................................Oq

(i ] h-, np J@u l*c kHn t0 lnh .....................................................................................Of

(i P ] Ni! tra thG nghi! tInh trng l*c kHn ....................................................................jP

(i ] h7c hZi ! l*c kHn ................................................................................................jO

(i O ] s l1 8- v ..............................................................................................................j

(i j ] s l1 kh#i ng kiu JTng .......................................................................................jq

(i ] un chWnh r l1 kh#i ng kiu JTng .....................................................................j

(i ] s l1 kh#i ng kiu n Jn ...................................................................................P

(i o ] h1r!-)tat \ >n, 5ut \ 7 in tr-ng t0 lnh...O

(i q ] >u !ch in t0 lnh n gi8n, t0 !t, t0 cp ng .............................................o

(i f ] >u !ch in t0 lnh 98 t; ng wng in tr# .................................................P

(i ] Cch l(n phin lAc khi )Ga ch2a t0 lnh.

(i OP ] LGa ch2a np gam t0 lnh..o Ni! tra

(i liu tha! kh8- .................................................................................................................oO



3/79


BI 1

TM HIU HAT NG LM LNH CA T LNH TRN M HNH

1.1. MC TIU :

Lau khi hAc 9-ng (i n(+ hAc )inh c kh8 nFng ][ rInh (+ Dc ngu+4n lV hAat ng c0a t0 lnh

[ rInh (+ cu t- c0a cc th(nh ph@n t0 lnh

1.2. CU T! :

[ Chia l(! th(nh ph@n ]

a. h(nh ph@n c c. h(nh ph@n vt liu

. h(nh ph@n in J. rang / vY

1.2.1. T"#$" %"&$ '( :

[ X+ nxn [ Cp

[ y(n nng [ y(n lnh[ hin

1.2.2. T"#$" %"&$ )*+$ :

[ >ng c l-ck ] ru+&n chu+n ng ch- !+ nxn

[ s1la+ 8- v ] 8- v ng c l-ck

[ s1la+ kh#i ng ] Nh#i ng ng c l-ck

[ 7 e kh#i ng ] Fng kh8 nFng & c0a l-ck

[ i&u chWnh lnh ] th1r!-)tat e 0 lnh \ ngQt l-ck

[ >n v( cng tQc ] Chi'u )ng

[ ut J(n lnh ] hzi khng khH l(! lnh[ K th*ng 98 ] h lp tu+'t khi 5{a J(+ c8n tr# l(! lnh

a- gZ! ]

a. >in tr# 98 J. >n - 98

. $an in tR 98 1. %{t nhn 98

c. i!1) 98 |. 8- v 98

1.2.,. T"#$" %"&$ -/ 0*+ :

[ Uam sO ] yi chu+n tr-ng h th*ng l(! lnh

[ %ht ] %w! tr-ng l-ck nhi! v7 i trn !+ nxn

1.2.. T34$5 67 -8 :[ $Y ] 4n tr-ng l( nh;a, ngTai l( tn, # gi2a l( !*p cch nhit

[ s--n cGa

[ $W, ngFn, kha+ hc Jng ;ng th;c ph

[ Nha+ h?ng nc J(n lnh

[ Kc ;ng rau, t! ki'ng

[ }ng Jn nc

1.,. HAT NG LM LNH

[ X+ nxn] h{t gam tR J(n lnh nxn 'n p )ut ca- rZ~ in Mnh U$ ]Bi c Long


4/79


[ Cp] gi8! p )ut c0a gam lYng trc khi phun v(- J(n lnh.

[ y(n lnh] gam a+ hi l(! lnh.

1.,.1. H94/ )$5:

[ Uam )au khi ra khYi J(n lnh # trng thi hi p )ut thp, nhit thp c h{t v& !+ nxn.

[ X+ nxn )" nxn gam l4n p )ut ca-, nhit ca- rZi in Mnh U$ ]Bi c Long

Dn bay hiDn ngng t Cp

u np gaz

y Ht

KInh ] %gu+4n lV hAat ng l(! lnh


5/79


[ sa khYi J(n lnh Dc h{t v& !+ nxn] hi p )ut thp, nhit thpe !t .

[ sa khYi !+ nxn, nxn l4n J(n nng] hi p )ut ca-, nhit ca-enng .

[ sa khYi J(n nng v(- cp] lYng p )ut ca-, nhit ca- e

elnh.

1.,.. HD "8$5 '"E$":

[ I gam.

[ %ght gam.

[ 'u !.

CF "8* $ /% 6#* 1]

CBu ] K3+ k t4n cc thi't / c v( thi't / in c tr-ng t0 lnh.CBu O ] rInh (+ ngu+4n lV hAat ng l(! lnh.



6/79


BI 2

JNG KNG HK ! IN

2.1. MC TIU:

Lau khi hAc 9-ng (i n(+ hAc )inh c kh8 nFng ][ LG J7ng Dc Zng hZ - in tr-ng )Ga ch2a lnh.

[ >- Dc cc i lDng in.

2.2. NI JUNG:

2.2.1. "F$ 094* O$5 'O )P )*+$:

[ $n k'] - hiu in th'

[ !p1 k'] - c6ng JTng in.

[ h! k' ] - in tr#.

r-ng th;c t' cc J7ng c7 - in th6ng c th - Dc nhi&u i lDng] $n, !p1,h!ta gAi l( Zng hZ vn nFng e $X .

Kai lAai Zng hZ vn nFng Jung tr-ng )Ga ch2a lnh l( $X v( !p1 k&!.

2.2.2. Q$5 "Q -@$ $$5 S!M:

>Zng hZ vn nFng e $X l( thi't / - khng th thi'u Dc vi t k !t k thut vi4nin tG n(-, Zng hZ vn nFng c ch?c nFng chHnh l( >- in tr#, - in p yC, - in pC v( - JTng in.

u i! c0a Zng hZ l( - nhanh, ki! tra Dc nhi&u l-i linh kin, th+ Dc ); phngnp c0a t7 in , tu+ nhi4n Zng hZ n(+ c hn ch' v& chHnh 9c v( c tr# khng thpkh-8ng OPN$-l J- vB+ khi - v(- cc !ch ch- JTng thp ch{ng / )7t p.



7/79

Gio trnh Thc Hnh Ngh trang - -

HD$5 $ )P )*+$ % VP4 '"*>.

!" #$ng %&ng h& '(n n)ng %o * +,

Nhi - in p 9-a+ chi&u ta chu+n thang - v& cc thang C, thang C ca- hn inp c@n - !t nc, $H J7 n'u - in p COOP$ ta thang C OP$, n'u ta thang thphn in p c@n - thI Zng hZ - k/ch ki!, n'u thanh 5u ca- thI ki! - thi'u chHnh 9c.

W C"X Y Z '"X Y :

u+'t *i khng thang - in tr# ha+ thang - JTng in khi - v(- in p 9-a+ chi&u %'u nh@! Zng hZ )" / hYng nga+ lp t?c



8/79


. nh/0 thang %o #ng %in %o 'o ng&n +, 78 h9ng %&ng h&

. nh/0 thang %o %in tr: %o 'o ng&n +, 78 h9ng cc %in tr: trong %&ng h&



9/79

Gio trnh Thc Hnh Ngh trang - ; -

%'u thang - p yC !( - v(- nguZn C thI ki! Zng hZ khng - , nhng Zng hZkhng 8nh h#ng .

,[ HD$5 $ )P )*+$ % \/ '"*> JC 6]$5 )Q$5 "Q -@$ $$5.

Nhi - in p !t chi&u yC, ta nh chu+n thang - v& thang yC, khi - ta :t 5u1 Yv(- c;c Jng e nguZn, 5u1 1n v(- c;c B! e[ nguZn, thang - ca- hn in p c@n -!t nc. $H J7 n'u - p yC P$ ta thang yC OP$, tr6ng hDp thang - thp hn inp c@n - ki! - k/ch ki!, tr6ng hDp thang 5u ca- ki! - thi'u chHnh 9c.



10/79

Gio trnh Thc Hnh Ngh trang - 1< -

=ng %&ng h& '(n n)ng %o %in * 0>t chi =,

W T3D^$5 "_% )` t chi @o 7ai gi trA

W T3D^$5 "_% )` $"&\ /"4$5 )P

C"X Y Z '"X Y ]u+t *i khng nh@! Zng hZ v(- thang - JTng in h-:c thang - intr# khi ta - in p !t chi&u eyC , n'u nh@! Zng hZ )" / hYng nga+



11/79


TrCDng hE* %. nh/0 thang %o #ng %in?hi %o %in * =, %&ng h& 78 @A h9ng F

TrCDng hE* %. nh/0 thang %o %in tr: ?hi %o %in* =, %&ng h& 78 @A h9ng cc %in tr: @n trongF



12/79


[ HD$5 $ )P )*+$ /3a -# /3a ?"$5.

$i thang - in tr# c0a Zng hZ vn nFng ta c th - Dc rt nhi&u th?.

>- ki! tra gi tr/ c0a in tr# >- ki! tra ); thng !ch c0a !t -n JB+ Jn >- ki! tra ); thng !ch c0a !t -n !ch in >- ki! tra cc cun JB+ i'n p c thng !ch khng >- ki! tra ); phng np c0a t7 in >- ki! tra 91! t7 c / JT, / chp khng. >- ki! tra tr# khng c0a !t !ch in >- ki! tra i *t v( ng n Jn.

> )G J7ng Dc cc thang - n(+ Zng hZ ph8i Dc lQp O /n tiu ,$ 4n tr-ng, 9G J7ng cc thang - N-h! h-:c PN-h! ta ph8i lQp in $.

.1 Z P )*+$ /3a :

o ?i.0 tra %in tr: @ng %&ng h& '(n n)ng

` )P /3*


13/79


c O ] Chu:t 5u1 - v(- hai @u in tr#, Ac tr/ )* tr4n thang - , Ui tr/ - Dc chW

)* thang - thang -$H J7 ] n'u thang 9 PP -h! v( chW )* - l( Oq thI gi tr/ l( PP 9 Oq OqPP -h!

O,q N -h! c ] %'u ta thang - 5u ca- thI ki! chW l4n !t ch{t , nh v+ Ac tr/ )* )"

khng chHnh 9c. c ] %'u ta thang - 5u thp , ki! l4n 5u nhi&u, v( Ac tr/ )* c=ng khng

chHnh 9c. Khi o in tr ta chn thang o sao cho kim bo gn v tr gia vch ch s s cho

chnh xc cao nht!

.2 Z Je$5 /"4$5 )*+$ /3a )` )P ?*`\ /34 /O )*+$

a c th Jng thang in tr# ki! tra phng np v( h hYng c0a t7 in , khi - t7in , n'u l( t7 g*! ta Jng thang - 9N -h! h-:c PN -h!, n'u l( t7 h- ta Jng thang 9 -h! h-:c 9 P -h!.

=ng thang I 1J oh0 %. ?i.0 tra t$ gK0

"f% )P /O 5b\ /3g$ '"P /4 6*h/ :

7 C cTn t*t ki! phng np khi ta - 7 CO / JT l4n ki! nhng khng tr# v& v/ trH c= 7 Cj / chp ki! Zng hZ l4n P -h! v( khng tr# v&.



14/79


=ng thang I 1< oh0 %. ?i.0 tra t$ ho

tr4n l( phxp - ki! tra cc t7 h-, t7 h- rt Ht khi / JT h-:c chp !( ch0 +'u l( / khe gi8! in Jung khi - t7 h- i't chHnh 9c !?c hYng c0a t7 ta c@n - )- )nh vi !tt7 !i c cng in Jung.

tr4n l( phxp - )- )nh hai t7 h- cng in Jung, tr-ng t7 C l( t7 !i cTn CO l(t7 c=, ta th+ t7 CO c phng np +'u hn t7 C ch?ng tY t7 CO / kh e gi8!in Jung

Ch{ V khi - t7 phng np, ta ph8i 8- chi&u 5u1 - v(i l@n 91! phng np.

Z HD$5 $ )P i$5 )*+$ 6]$5 )Q$5 "Q -@$ $$5.

"ch # $ %&ng thang o '(ng

> - JTng in wng Zng hZ vn nFng, ta - Zng hZ n*i ti'p vi t8i ti4u th7 v( ch{ V l(chW - Dc JTng in nhY hn gi tr/ c0a thang - ch- phxp, ta th;c hin th1- cc c )au

c ] >:t Zng hZ v(- thang - JTng ca- nht . c O] >:t 5u1 Zng hZ n*i ti'p vi t8i, 5u1 Y v& chi&u Jng, 5u1 1n v& chi&u B! . %'u ki! l4n thp 5u thI gi8! thang - %'u ki! l4n k/ch ki! thI tFng thang -, n'u thang - 3 thang ca- nht thI Zng hZ

khng - Dc JTng in n(+. ChW )* ki! - )" ch- ta i't gi tr/ JTng in .

"ch ) $ %&ng thang o * %"

a c th - JTng in 5ua t8i wng cch - )7t p tr4n in tr# hn JTng !Qc n*i vi t8i,



15/79


in p - Dc chia ch- gi tr/ tr# hn JTng )" ch- i't gi tr/ JTng in, phng php n(+ cth - Dc cc JTng in ln hn kh8 nFng ch- phxp c0a Zng hZ v( Zng hZ c=!g an t-(nhn.

C'" )9' /37 in Mnh U$ ]Bi c Long


16/79


&ng h& '(n n)ng 7K =igita

HD$5 $


17/79


Mt %&ng h& 'o thang %o %in * =, hoMc +,

> 5u1 Y Zng hZ v(- lS cQ! $ ! 5u1 1n v(- lS cQ! CX ! n{t yCC chAn thang - l( yC n'u - p !t chi&u h-:c C n'u

- p 9-a+ chi&u. -a+ chu+n !ch v& v/ trH $ h3+ thang - ca- nht n'u cha i't r

in p, n'u gi tr/ - Jng thp phBn thI ta gi8! thang - )au. >:t thang - v(- in p c@n - v( Ac gi tr/ tr4n !(n hInh MCy c0a Zng

hZ.

%'u :t ngDc 5u1 -evi in !t chi&u Zng hZ )" - gi tr/ B! e[,[ Z P i$5 )*+$ JC lAC[

Chu+n 5u1 z Zng hZ v& thang ! n'u - JTng nhY, h-:c OP n'u - JTngln.

-a+ chu+n !ch v& v/ trH ! n{t yCC chAn - JTng !t chi&u yC ha+ 9-a+ chi&u C >:t 5u1 - n*i ti'p vi !ch c@n - >Ac gi tr/ hin th/ tr4n !(n hInh.

[ Z P )*+$ /3a

r8 li v/ trH JB+ cQ! nh khi - in p . -a+ chu+n !ch v& v/ trH - , n'u cha i't gi tr/ in tr# thI chAn

thang - ca- nht , n'u k't 5u8 l( )* thp phBn thI ta gi8! 9u*ng. >:t 5u1 - v(- hai @u in tr#. >Ac gi tr/ tr4n !(n hInh. Ch?c nFng - in tr# cTn c th - ); thng !ch, gi8 )G - !t -n JB+

Jn wng thang - tr#, n'u thng !ch thI Zng hZ pht ra ti'n k4u

[ Z P /&$ in Mnh U$ ]Bi c Long


18/79


> thang - nh khi - in p . >:t 5u1 - v(- cc i! c@n - >Ac tr/ )* tr4n !(n hInh.

n[ Z P LP5*'

>- M-gic l( - v(- cc !ch )* e yigital h-:c - cc chBn ln c0a vi 9G lV,- M-gic th;c cht l( - trng thi c in [ NV hiu ha+ khng c inP, cch - nh )au]

-a+ chu+n !ch v& v/ trH MU~C >:t 5u1 Y v(- v/ trH c@n - 5u1 1n v(- !a)) X(n hInh chW l( - !?c l-gic # !?c ca-, chW l( - l-gic # !?c

thp

o[ Z P '' '"p' $$5 ?"' >Zng hZ vn nFng )* yigital cTn !t )* ch?c nFng - khc nh >- i *t, >-

t7 in, >- ran)i)t-r nhng n'u ta - cc linh kin tr4n, ta l4n Jng Zng hZc khH )" ch- k't 5u8 t*t hn v( - nhanh hn

2.2.,. A\%q3d ?r\ : l A\%d3P6d [Ch?c nFng chHnh c0a !p1 kI! l( - JTng in 9-a+ chi&u, c th - Dc ~C tR

oPP, ng-(i ra cTn - $-lt, h!.4 . C' g '& '( 6s$]

[ y $[[X c th - c6ng nhng chW t*i a l( , n4n - JTng5ua t0 lnh, !+ lnh th6ng )G J7ng l-i !pr1 kI!, n c thti'n h(nh - nga+ khi h th*ng ang vn h(nh.

[ rc khi - ph8i t thang - ph hDp.

[ Nhi - chW ); J7ng gAng kI! kp !t JB+ Jn v(- tr-ng gAng kI!.

[ Kin na+ ng-(i ch?c nFng - ~C !pr1 cTn Dc ch' t- k't hDp -C, - s, ph8i )G J7ng th4! 5u1 - v( t thang - ph hDp.

LC O Jhi %o P+, chQ 7" #$ng gRng ?0 ?S*

[ Nhi - - C, - s ph8i )G J7ng th4! 5u1 - t thang ch- ph hDp.



19/79

Gio trnh Thc Hnh Ngh trang - 1; -

Hr$" 2.26. C'" in Mnh U$ ]Bi c Long


20/79


BD' o :>:t hai 5u1 - v(- hai @u in p c@n - e n'u c@n .BD' t :uan )t tr4n Zng hZ n'u th+ gi tr/ th;c t' nhY hn h-:c ln hn )- vi gi tr/!a9 c0a thang - , ta l+ hai 5u1 - ra i&u chWnh v& thang - ph hDp. Lau :t hai5u1 - vaT v/ trH c=.

"h+ , $[ ,/0 *h/n cch %in hai U %o

[ Mt hai U %o nghing ' hai *hVa ?hc nha

[ JhWng %. hai U %o ch(0 'o cc *h/n t" ?hc

BD' u :>Ac tr/ )* tr4n Zng hZ, ta Dc gi tr/ in p c@n -.BD' 1v :M+ 5u1 ra -. P )*+$ /3a :BD' 1] UAt )ch cch in hai @u c@n -.BD' 2 :LG J7ng hai 5u1 - ghi! v(- v/ trH e h!.BD' , :X# cng tQc %.

BD' :t n{t M-ck v& .BD' :ChWnh hai 5u1 - v& v/ trH m1r- eP.BD' n :>:t hai 5u1 - v(- hai @u c@n -."h+ , $JhWng %. hai U %o ch(0 'o nha ' hai U %o ?hWng %CEc ch(0 chX* 'occ *h/n t" ?hcBD' o] uan )t Ac gi tr/ tr4n Zng hZ.c f ] t cng tQt v& .

CF "8* $ /% 6#* 2][ C th Jung !p1 k&! phBn it tr/ )* in tr# cc c:p @u JB+

c0a l*c khng[ Nhi kh#i ng ch- ! hInh l(! vic, a!p1 vAt l4n tr/ )* ca- rZi !itr# v& v/ trH Inh th6ng. i )a-



21/79


BI ,

TH;! Lw TM HIU LxC yzN

,.1. MC TIU

Lau khi hAc 9-ng (i n(+ hAc )inh c kh8 nFng ][ rInh (+ cu t- v( ngu+4n lV hAat ng c0a l-ck kHn

[ h- lQp, {ng trInh t; v( k thut

[ Nhng l(! h hYng cc phn, chi ti't

,.2. S{T LIU Z THI|T B} Z JNG C

a. $t liu ] %ht, 9Fng, ){t rGa, gi lau

. hi't / ] l-ck kHn pi)t-n 3 Dc cQt z

c. y7ng c7 ] kh-, k&!, tu*cnvHt, kh- l7c gic

,.,. C;C B~C THC HNH

,.,.1.C= /@P B0P'? ?E$[ UZ! O phn chHnh ] >ng c in v( !+ nxn, C8 hai Dc :tchung tr-ng !t vY thxp h(n kHn n4n Dc gAi l( l-ck kHn.

a. >ng cin

[ >ng c c nhi! v7 tru+&n ng ch- !+ nxn

[ Cu t- gZ! ] Ltat-r, s-t-r, !in ti'p in

. X+ nxn

[ C nhi! v7 h{t, nxn,


22/79


1. K-t ng

Cc khi ni!]

[ >i! ch't tr4n]l( i! ca- nht !( pi)t-n l4n Dc

[ >i! ch't Ji l( i! thp nht !( pi)t-n 9u*ng Dc[ Nh-8ng ch+ ] M( kh-8ng cch tR i! ch't tr4n 9u*ng i! ch't Ji.

|. >6ng Ji chu+n c0a gam tr-ng l-ck

[ Uam Dc h{t v& @u h{t c0a l-ck v(- khng gian 4n tr-ng vY c0al-ck kHn th1- *ng h{t v(- ti4u B! 6ng h{t v(- kh-ang h{t 5ua clap1 h{t v(- 9i lanh. Nhi pi)t-n nxn gam tR 9ilanh 5ua clap1


23/79


[ $ )inh cc chi ti't phn

[ Lau khi )Ga chGa 9-ng lQp li nh c= th1- trInh t; ngDc li.

CF "8* $ /% 6#* 1 :CBu ] rInh (+ cu t-, ngu+4n lV hAat ng c0a !+ nxn pi)t-n.

CBu O ] rInh (+ trInh t; tha- tc cQt z l-ck kHn.

CBu j ] rInh (+ trInh t; tha- tc th-, lQp l-ck kHn.



24/79

D+ :n0+6n*

;

D+:n no'n,

H&'(

?

C+'1

C+'7 @oA3 *+ :n 7 *Bn*(5on, 30+n*

N+61

E

+./LoA7


BI :y THU{T HN HI S GIA CNG xNG TR!NG A CHA LNH

.1 MC TIU U CU : .1.1 . MO' /*g:[ K(n n*i *ng ph7c v7 tr-ng )2a ch2a lnh..1.2. g '& :

j..O. N thut ] X*i h(n chQc chQn, kHn, khng gi8! ti't Jin .j..O.O. X thut ] X*i h(n p, ng, lp c h(n ph0 &u .j..O.j. n t-(n ] rnh c hi c0a khi v( ngAn lGa, nh2ng !*i h(n cTn nng ph8i

l(! ngui trnh 7ng ch! .

.2 S{T LIU THI|T B} JNG C :.2.1 S/ 0*+ : u1 h(n c, 5u1 h(n thau, h(n th1, *ng Zng .

.2.2. T"*h/ 67 ] h(n gi , thi't / !Zi lGa ..2., JO$5 'O : N&! !, k&! gi2, 4t .

., C;C B~C TI|N HNH : .,.1N* $5 : Cc !*i h(n th6ng g:p tr-ng )2a ch2a lnh .

Hr$" .1[ X*i h(n th? nht l( !*i h(n @u in Mnh U$ ]Bi c Long


25/79

E?

;E;

E>EF

EE

E

>

G

E

I

=

?


m' )*`\ : X*i h(n *ng Cu \ 1 e trng Zng O X*i h(n *ng Cu \ 1 e trng Zng j X*i h(n *ng Cu \ Cu

X*i h(n *ng Cu \ Cu eo X*i h(n Cu \ Cu-!.!)!/nh ngh0a $

- K(n gi cTn gAi l( h(n -9+ , a91t+l1n e P C K . h;c cht l( n Jng ); ch+ c0aa91t+l1n tr-ng l(! nng ch8+ chHnh vt c@n h(n .

- r-ng )2a ch2a lnh nhY ng6i ta Jng utagam e gam 'p l{c ngAn lGa )" Ht nnghn v( nhit kx! hn . .,.,.T"*h/ 67 "#$ 5* ) : 4. C"4* 5* :

[ CTn gAi l( chai -9+ l( l-i chai l(! wng thxp c chi&u J(+ tR O\o !!. r-ng ch?a -9+ vi p )ut rt ln . %'u ch?a @+ Inh p )ut t ti P at .

6. S4$ 5*s\ % '"4* 5* :[ C cng J7ng l(! gi8! p )ut chai gi 9u*ng trc khi a ta )G J7ng .

,hY ] $an gi8! p h-t ng !t cch t; ng. Nhi !u*n )G J7ng ph8i v:n th1- chi&uki! Zng hZ . '. C"4* ) :

[ Chai c=ng l( l-i chai ln l(! wng thxp, J(+ P[O !! . r-ng n ch?aa91t+l1n # Jng hi e h-:c hi ng! tr-ng Jung !i a91t+l1n vi p )ut kh-8ng chRng OP atl{c @+ .

[ >i khi ng6i ta Jng khH utagam tha+ ch- a91t+l1n .[ Chai utagam l( chai ch?a utagam # trng thi ha lYng .

Hr$" .2

. S4$ 5*s\ % '"P '"4* ) :[ Cng J7ng gi8! p c0a a91t+l1n tR p )ut ca- 9u*ng )G J7ng v( a ra 6ngJB+ h(n e tng t; van gi8! p chai gi .



26/79

V&:n, 4+ 'n,

T+@

N*+n


[ %'u Jng chai gam *t e utagam thI c ti't ch' lu lDng . d. B F "#$ :

[ yng n*i tR O chai gi v( ti !Y h(n Dc n*i wng c-nJ1, !(u 9anh Jngch- chai gi, !(u Y Jng ch- chai . % l( JB+ ca- )u j lp .

. M8 "#$ :[ M( ni hTa trn khH a91t+l1n v( khH -9+ *t .

.,.. d "#$ -# '"=/ / 3k4 \b* "#$ :[ u1 h(n l( cht Qp v(- !*i h(n. C hai l-i ]

c h(n e 5u1 h(n c hau h(n e 5u1 h(n thau

[ c h(n Jng h(n *ng Zng.[ hau h(n Jng h(n *ng Cu[1 h-:c 1[1.[ Cht t


27/79

a . Mang xong onga . Nong onga . Loe ong

H+:nH+ :n H+:n


T"4P /' \Q* 0k4 :[ X# a91t+l1n e ki! tra hi a91t+l1n ra wng cch ta+ trc !Y h(n nhnhkhng Dc !# nhi&u, chW vRa c c8! gic l( 0.[ XZi lGa wng t lGa .

[ X# -9+ tR tR v( chWnh lGa . T"4P /' '"$" 0k4 : "h+ , $>i&u chWnh wng hai ta+ ] a+ ph8i i&u chWnh van gi .

a+ tri i&u chWnh van .[ C th chWnh th? t; !# van n(+ rZi !# van kia.[ C th !# Zng th6i hai van.[ ChWnh lGa ln ] X# th4! C K

Lau !# th4! P[ ChWnh lGa nhY ] Nha t P trc

Lau kha t C KT"4P /' // 0k4 :

[ M(! Zng th6i hai tha- tc ] R tR kha van C K Zng th6i !# P . NhingAn lGa tQt thI kha lun van -9+ li . ,hY O

[ Nhi tQt !Y h(n !( khng c ti'ng nz !i t . . ;%


28/79

H+:n

H+:n

)261

)261 J *+:n


.,.n.2. K(n *ng khc ][ Ch4nh lch Ht ] ch- @u *ng nhY v(- @u *ng ln hn rZi h(n .

.,.n.,. K(n Ht *ng ][ yng kp kp ph@n *ng cch ph@n h(n c! )au h(n Ht @u li .

.,.n.. K(n cp ]

[ Ch4nh lch nhi&u , kp v( h(n , khi h(n c-i chRng ?t cp.



29/79


.. B GIA CNG xNG KNG: ..1.B 5*4 '$5 b$5 :

4. G** /"*+ :[ ] Mi Ja- cQt.

[ O ] r7c lFn.[ j ] %{! v:n i&u chWnh li Ja-[ ] Mi Ja- l(! )ch !t Zng cTn li6.y /"/ '/ :[ >:t *ng v(- gi2a li Ja- v( tr7c lFn.[ >i&u chWnh li Ja- ti'n )t *ng.[ -a+ trTn Ja- cQt 5uanh *ng, Zng th6i

k't hDp ch- li Ja-)t v(- :t *ng.[ yng Ja- l(! )ch !t cTn )t li )au khi

cQt *ng .

'. C'" 0#\


30/79


..,. M$5 V$5 b$5 :4. G** /"*+ :[ Xt Z l-1 *ng.[ Cc c @u !Fng 9ng *ng.6. y /"/ \$5 V$5 b$5 :

[ Np *ng nh l-1 *ng.[ ChRa *ng nh hInh v".[ UQn @u !Fng 9ng *ng nh hInh v".[ UQn Z l-1 v(-.[ $:n ta+ c@! chWnh @u l-1 v(- @u

!Fng 9ng *ng.[ $:n ch:t ta+ c@! l-1 !Fng 9ng

*ng.

...Ub$ b$5 :4. Ub$ b$5 5' vPuvP4.1. G** /"*+ :

[ a+ v:n.[ s3nh :t *ng.

[ X gi2 *ng c* /nh.[ X gi2 u*n *ng ng.[ a+ v:n.[ X:t chia .



31/79


4.2.y /"/ b$ b$5 :[ }ng :t v(- r3nh u*n.[ $:t ta+ v:n th1- chi&u !=i t4n.

[ *n th1- c@n u*n.[ U *ng ra.

4.,. Hr$" @$5 -# 6$ ?E$" b$5 b$ )D_' :

6.Ub$ b$5 vP1tvP

6.1G** /"*+:[ s3nh :t *ng.[ a+ gi2 *ng c* /nh.[ a+ Jng u*n *ng ng.[ X:t chia .

6.2 y /"/ b$ b$5 :[ >:t *ng v(- r3nh.[ yng ta+ ng u*n *ng th1- chia 3 chAn trc.[ U *ng ra.

BI :



32/79


B SAN N GA

.1: MC TIU: Lau khi hAc 9-ng (i n(+, hAc )inh )"]

[ rInh (+ Dc cu t- v( cc thng )* kE thut tr4n van.[ LG J7ng th(nh th- cc tha- tc tr4n van.

.2: GII THIU:[ ] hBn van np.[ O ] >Zng hZ thp p.

[ j ] >Zng hZ ca- p.[ ] yB+ np .[ ] a+ v:n van.[ o ] j )Di JB+ .

C'" in Mnh U$ ]Bi c Long


33/79


S7 /3E "4* -4$ )$5 :[ yng - p )ut h{t v(


34/79


n.1. MC TIU :

Lau khi hAc 9-ng (i n(+ hAc )inh c kh8 nFng ]

[ c /nh Dc Pj cAc ti'p in c0a ng c l-ck kHn e C, s, L

[ LG J7ng {ng cc J7ng c7 - ki!n.2. S{T LIU THI|T B} JNG C

a. $t liu ] yB+ in, @u ghi!, k&!.

. hi't / ] l-ck kHn t0 lnh.

c. y7ng c7 ] >Zng hZ $[[X, a!p1 k&!, !in j chu, n thG.

n.,. C;C B~C THC HNH

[ l-ck kHn P pha c Pj cAc ti'p in tr4n vY nhng a )* khng cnh Ju cc cAc J- ta ph8i 9c /nh.

n.,.1. C( @u cTn li )" l( @u chung.

[ R @u chung - vi hai @u cTn li

>@u c in tr# nhY ?ng vi JB+ ch+ es.

>@u c in tr# ln ?ng vi JB+ & eL.

h@n !# rng ]

[wng cch - in tr# 9c /nh l-ck P$ ha+ OOP$.

[wng cch - in tr# 9c /nh l-ck c cng )ut ln hn e tr-ng POl-ck c cng hiu in th' .

[wng cch - in tr# 9c /nh l-ck c ?t ha+ khng e c /nh?t cun ch+ ha+ cun & .

. "D($5 %"% )P 'D^$5 ) i$5 )*+$]


C

SR

M*c ra j cAc ]C ] C-!!-n e chung s ] sun e ch+ L ] Ltart e &

KInh o. ] Cun JB+ ng c l-ck kHn


35/79


i. y7ng c7 ]

[ l-ck !in ra Pj @u JB+.

[ !p1 k&! h-:c 8ng Zng hZ $ \ .

[ $i l-ck t0 lnh thang - .[ $i l-ck t0 lnh OOP$ thang - o.

[ %guZn in ph8i ph hDp vi l-ck.

ii. ha- tc ]

[ ChAn in th' v( !p1 ph8i ph hDp.

[ >nh Ju cc @u JB+.

[ I! hai @u JB+ c JTng in nhY nht e nhY nht .

>@u cTn li l( @u chung.

[ R JB+ chung e C - vi PO @u JB+ cTn li.

[ yB+ c ln l( JB+ ch+ e s .[ yB+ c nhY l( JB+ & e L .

h@n !# rng ]

[ c /nh JTng kh#i ng e JTng in ln nht khi & pha .

[ c /nh JTng ch+ khng t8i e yTng in khi l-ck 3 ch+ .

'. "D($5 %"% e$5 )q$ /"k :

i. y7ng c7 ]

[ l-ck >!in ra Pj @u JB+

[ %guZn in ph hDp vi l-ck

[ >n thG L Z n thG nh )au ]

ii. ha- tc ][ CQ! n thG v(- nguZn .

[ yng @u tha- tc cQ! v(- tRng c:p l-ck.

[ I! c:p c n t*i nht, @u cTn li l( chung e C .

[ R chung eC thG v(- @u cTn li. >@u l(! n )ng l( ch+, !6 l( &.

J. hng php 5ui c ]

ChW Jng ch- l-ck c0a h3ng 1cu!)1h e X v( !t )* h3ng khc.

e vJ ] -)hia, Kitachi, L8n 9ut th1- 5ui c c0a 1cu!)1h.

ui tQc ]


Th t l C, R, !

LoA7

+K& (*+o (+'7

Bo'n, -2:n

KInh o.O ] L Z Jng n thG


36/79


$H J7 ]

B#* o


C

L s

sL

C

KInh o.j ] L Z cc cAc @u JB+ l-ckpi)t-n


37/79


THI|T B} IN T LNH

o.1. MC TU


[ >- ki! chHnh 9c tInh trng cc thi't /[ rInh (+ hAat ng c0a tRng thi't /

o.2. S{T LIU THI|T B} JNG C

a. $t liu ] yB+ in !&! , Fng k1- .

. hi't / ] 0 lnh, thi't / in t0 lnh

c. y7ng c7 ] Ni&!, kx-, tu*cnvHt, Zng hZ $X, a!p1 ki&!, nguZn in ph hDp .

o.,. C;C B~C THC HNH

o.,.1. $5 '( 60P'?

i ,Wng #$ng O

[ ru+&n ng ch- !+ nxn[ %w! chung vi !+ nxn tr-ng vY h(n kHn

[ M( lAai ng c in 9-a+ chi&u pha)1 khng Zng r-t- lZng )c

[ *c ng c Dc tHnh th1- cng th?c

gieoP

7*

Zn

=

r-ng ]

[ p ] L* c:p c;c

[ | ] @n )* e PKm

[ ) ] K )* trDt e j 4u c@u ng c lQp tr-ng l-ck

[ Ch/u Dc nhit ca-

[ y & e >& !nh

[ &n, tuzi thA ca-

ii ,[ t(o O

[ UZ! O ph@n

Ltat- e ph@n ?ng +4n ] M( ph1 )Qt c 5un JB+

s-t- e ph@n 5ua+ ] C Jng hInh tr7 :c, tr4n c cc thanh

nh! %gTai ra cTn c cc !in ti'p in

[ yB+ 5un ng c gZ! O c JB+ ] c O c JB+

yB+ ln ] yB+ ch+

yB+ nhY ] yB+ &

iii \h]n o(i O

[ C O l-i ng c l-ck t0 lnh

>ng c c cun & l-ck t0 lnh & JB+

>ng c c cun & v( t7 & l-ck t0 lnh & t7


C s

L

KInh q. ] >ng c l-ck


38/79


o.,.2. C' 094* )$5 '( 60P'? / 0@$"

i >ng c^ c_ c>n % O

[ Ltat- c hai cun JB+ l( cun ch+ v( cun &

[ sa j @u JB+ ]

C e C-!!-n ] >@u JB+ chung

s e sun ] >@u JB+ ch+

L e >& ] >@u JB+ &Cch !Qc in ]

[ Cun Cs c in th6ng 9u+4n

[ Cun CL chW c in khi & khi & 9-ng thI ngQt in ra

[ %gu+4n tQc ]

Cun & JB+ nhY n4n c in tr# ln v( ch/u nhY Cun ch+ JB+ ln c in tr# nhY v( ch/u ln

ii >ng c^ c_ c>n % ' t$ %

[ Ui*ng nh ng c cun & nhng chW khc c th4! t7 tFng kh8nFng kh#i ng.

[ r/ )* t7 & ] jP, , oP, q, PP


> t- ra )?c kh#i ng ln, ng6i ta Jng t7& v( ngQt in l+ tB! es1la+ JTng ha+ in p.Xch in Dc u nh hInh v", t7 & v( ngQtin l+ tB! !Qc n*i ti'p v( c8 O Dc !Qc gi2a O@u & v( ch+. Lau khi ng c kh#i ng t t*c kh-8ng q /nh !?c, ngQt in l+ tB! er1la+

kh#i ng )" cQt t7 & v( cun & ra khYi nguZnin, l{c chW cTn cun ch+ l(! vic !( thi.

M-i ng c n(+ Dc Jng phz i'n tr-ngcc ng c c0a !+ ! nc, l-ck t0 lnh,!+ lnh, !+ Jt.

SR

C

CL

KInh q.j ] >ng c khng Zng pha Jng t7 &

%gQt inM+ tB!

SR

C

KInh q.O ] >ng c khng Zng pha c cun &

%gQt inM+ tB!

[ r-ng phng php n(+, ng c kh#i ngDc l( nh6 ); lch pha gi2a O cun ch+ v( &.Nhi ta ch- in p 9-a+ chi&u v(- ng c, khaN ng. M{c @u c8 O cun ch+ v( cun & &uc in, khi ng c t 'n q vn t*c /nh!?c thI kha N Dc cQt ra khYi !ch in, chWcTn cun ch+ l(! vic !( thi.

[ >ng c l-i n(+ th6ng Jng tr-ng l-ckt0 lnh gia Inh.

[ Nhi Jng ch- l-ck thI kha N Dc tha+th' wng r1la+ kh#i ng kiu JTng in.


39/79


iii \h]n @it @oc? % #]` ' % t$

[ yi p P PPL~ ch- & l-ck

Nhng t7 vn & Dc l( l-ck & JB+

C t7 !i & Dc l( l-ck & t7

BI t



40/79


CH TH NG C LxC yzN T LNH

t.1. MC TU

Lau khi hAc 9-ng (i n(+ hAc )inh c kh8 nFng ][ Ch- ch+ Dc ng c l*c kHn t0 lnh ki! tra tInh trang nxn, 9c /nh JTngkh#~ ng v( JTng l(! vic.

t.2. S{T LIU THI|T B} JNG C

a. $t liu ] yB+ in !&! , Fng k1- .

. hi't / ] M*c kHn t0 lnh

c. y7ng c7 ] Ni&!, !in-, Zng hZ $X, a!p1 ki&!, nguZn in ph hDp .

t.,. C;C B~C THC HNH

t.,.1. C"@ /"k )$5 '( 60P'? ?E$.

[ CQ! phHch in c0a 8ng Zng hZ $[ v(- nguZn in ph hDp l-ck.

[ C:p !p1 ki&! v(-.

[ c /nh j @u JB+ C,s,L

[ Ch- ch+ ng c

[ CQ! JB+ C v(- lS cQ! in.

[ >Zng th6i ch- O JB+ s v( L v(- lS in cTn lil-ck )" ch+ e l-ck rung @u


41/79


BI u

TH;! Z N JU LxC yzN T LNH

u.1. MC TIU

Lau khi hAc 9-ng (i n(+ hAc )inh c kh8 nFng ][ h-, np J@u v(- l-ck kHn t0 lnh {ng k thut

[ %p J@u {ng ch0ng lAai v( 0 )* lDng.

u.2. S{T LIU Z THI|T B} Z JNG C

a. $t liu ] %ht lnh, JB+ in.

. hi't / ] l-ck kHn pi)t-n.

c. y7ng c7 ] >!in j chu, !t -n *ng nh;a f, Inh ;ng nht, !p1 k&!,8ng in, Zng hZ $X.

u.,. C;C B~C TI|N HNH

u.,.1. N"*+\ -O & 6* /3($ /3P$5 B0P'? :

[ i trn cc & !:t !a )t c0a !+ nxn.

[ M(! !t l-ck wng cch t8i nhit ra vY l-ck tru+&n ra khng khH.

u.,.2. g '& $@% &:

[ h8i {ng l( J@u cch in, nht thHch hDp.

[ h8i vRa 0 khng thRa ha+ thi'u.

o %'u thi'u )" khng i trn t*t

o %'u thRa] y@u )" h{t v(- !+ nxn v( 'n cc J(nnng v( J(n lnh gB+ ngp J@unght h-:c kx! lnh.

[ Nhng pha trn cc l-i J@u nht khc nhau khi np enht l( np z )ung. u.,.,.T"P $@% & B0P'? %*in Mnh U$ ]Bi c Long

i. %ghi4ng l-ck ch- J@u np # v/ trH thp nht,J@u )" t; nhi4n ch8+ ra.

ii. %ghi4ng l-ck 5ua li 8! 8- lp J@u

c:n ra h'tCh{ V ] C8 hai @u h{t v( np &u !# e khng /h(n kHn thI J@u !i ra DcN+61

N*'(

T*+'o +K& 0o7 !34(on

KInh . ] h- J@u l-ck pi)t-n


42/79


ii. Ch- l-ck ch+.

iii. yng ta+ /t kHn @u h{t, J@u )" Dc h{t v(- l-ck

Ch{ V ] Nhng ch- lp J@u c:n v(- l-ck.

MDng JBu np tu thuc th tHch l-ck etrung Inh l( jPP!l.

c. Ni! tra lDng J@u]

[ Ch- l-ck ch+ thG ph{t l-ck khng nng lQ!

[ M+ ta+ /t @u in Mnh U$ ]Bi c Long

N,&oKn

A

RC

S

D&:n, (+/ ( -+K& *&'( 0+63N+61

On,8

C*o 0o7 7*+6/Lon n*'(

KInh .O ] %p J@u l-ck pi)t-n


43/79


BI 1v

yIM TRA ;C }NH TNH TRNG LxC yzN T LNH

1v.1. MC TIULau khi hAc 9-ng (i n(+ hAc )inh c kh8 nFng ]

[ Ni! tra, nh gi chHnh 9c tInh trng hAat ng l*c t0 lnh.

1v.2. S{T LIU Z THI|T B} Z JNG C

a. $t liu ] sQc c- o!!, c h(n.

. hi't / ] l-ck kHn pi)t-n.

c. y7ng c7 ] >!in j chu, !p1 k&!, 8ng in, Zng hZ $X, Zng hZ - p)ut.

1v.,. C;C B~C TI|N HNH

1v.,.1.y*`\/34 /r$" /3@$5 60P'?

[ a chW c th tin t#ng v(- thng )* k thut c0a !t l-ck kHn cTn n{t ca- )uh-:c tr-ng hp 9*p

[ $i t kI !t l-ck kHn n(- khc ph8i thG nghi! !i i't Dc tInh trng c0an

[ %i Jung ki! tra a- gZ!]

Ni! tra ph@n ng c

Ni! tra p )ut nxn t*i a

Ni! tra kHn c0a Clap1

Ni! tra kh8 nFng kh#i ng

Ni! tra J@u.

[ Ni! tra ph@n ng c

[ >- cch in ln hn X

[ Ch- ng c ch+, !p1 {ng /nh !?c.

[ Ni! tra p )ut nxn t*i a

[ ha- tc ]

[ K(n rQcc- v(- @u in Mnh U$ ]Bi c Long

A182R+P7 7o

D+/ no3

Lo7

)*on, 8*

R+P7 7o

KInh P. ] L Z ki! tra p )ut nxn


44/79


[ Cp nguZn ch- l-ck ch+

[ %*i @u


45/79


BI 11

HC HKI BM BL!Cy

11.1. MC TIULau khi hAc 9-ng (i n(+ hAc )inh c kh8 nFng ]

[ h7c hZi ! c0a l-ck khi / h hYng th1- ti4u chu


46/79


[ >/nh v/ ul-n nQp.

[ Mu V ] {ng v/ trH vch Ju an @u, )i't nh &u cc ul-n th1- th-ut; *i 9?ng micmac.

[ yng ta+ 5ua+ !nh ph@n c, )i't ch:t &u ta+.

11.,.n. y*`\ /34

[ /t kHn @u


47/79


BI 12

R L B! S

l T"d3\*' R( 0d $"*+/ [11.1. MC TIU


[ rInh (+ Dc, cng J7ng, cu t-, ngu+4n lH hAat ng c0a r l1 8- v.

[ >u Dc r l1 8- v v(- l*c.

11.2. S{T LIU Z THI|T B} Z JNG C

a. $t liu ] yB+ in.

. hi't / ] s l1 8- v, l*c kHn t0 lnh

c. y7ng c7 ] >Zng hZ $X, a!p1 k&!

11.,. C;C B~C THC HNH11.,.1. Rd04 6sP -+

i ,Wng =$ng

[ 8- v ng c l-ck wng cch ngQt in v(- ng c khi c ); c*]

l-ck khng & Dc.

u t8i

u nng

ii ,[ t(o

[ JB+ nung.[ JB+ lng ki!

[ ti'p i!

[ yB+ nung] khi c JTng in Ji 5ua )" )inh nhit, lDng nhit tHnh th1- cngth?c] s 9 ~O9 t

[ Mng ki!] l( O thanh ki! l-i c gi3n n# khc nhau xp l4n nhau.

o iii ,ch 0c %in

[ s1la+ 8- v Dc !Qc 91n v(- !t tr-ng O JB+ cp in ch- l-ck th6ng l(v(- JB+ chung.


T*25@37

V(

T32A1 -32n

V( (32A1 -32n

T32A1 -32n

D+/ -32n (59

KInh O. ] Cu t- s1la+ 8- v


48/79


i' Ho(t %>ng

Inh th6ng l-ck ch+ nhY ch- n4n lDng nhit J- JB+ nung )inh rakhng 0 ln u*n thanh lng ki! n4n ti'p i! vn # trng thi ng.l-ck ch+ Inh th6ng.

Nhi c ); c* e vH J7 l-ck khng & Dc !p1 ca- l(! lDng nhit J-JB+ nung )inh ra rt ln 0 u*n lng ki! ngQt ti'p i! tQt l-ck.

Lau !t th6i gian thI thanh lng ki! ngui, tr# li Inh th6ng

ngin ch- l-ck ch+.

' ,ch %o ?i.0 rUa` @bo '

yng h! k' - thng !ch O @u r1la+ 8- v n'u cTn thng nhau l( t*te JB+ nung v( ti'p i! cTn t*t .

>*t nng lng ki! ngh1 !t ti'ng tch lng ki! t ra.

Lau ngui ngh1 !t ti'ng tch lng ki! ng li l( t*t.

'i ,ch ?i.0 tra rUa` @bo ' *h hE* @oc?

[ s1la+ 8- v ph8i ph hDp vi l-ck]o %'u cng )ut r1la+ 5u ln n khng 8- v Dc.

o %'u cng )ut r1la+ nhY 5u l-ck ch+ / ngQt li4n t7c.

[ Cch ki! tra r1la+ 8- v ph hDp l-ck]

o >u r1la+ 8- v v(- l-ck.

o Ch- ch+ !t th6i gian # tInh trng c t8i l-ck khng ngQt.

o - ); c* ch- l-ck khng & Dc. x hn jP giB+ r1la+ 8- v ph8ingQt l-ck.

o Lau !t th6i gian x hn jP giB+ thanh lng ki! ngui !i Dc ng

li.


C

C

R

T"d3\*'

KInh O.O ] L Z !Qc in th1r!ic


49/79


,hY ] sUa` @bo ' *hbi 0a ngt nhCng ] %_ng (i %. 0 %i n` ngCDi tachd t(o rUa` @bo 'O c_ n*hoMc g)n * @oc? hoMc @K trV rUa` : trong @oc?

CF "8* $ /% 6#* 12 :CBu ] rInh (+ cu t- r l1 8- v.

CBu O ] rInh (+ ngu+4n lH hAat ng c0a r l1 8- v.

CBu j ] rInh (+ trInh t; cc tha- u r l1 v(- l*c.



50/79


BI 1,R L yHI NG yIU JNG

1,.1. MC TIU


[ rInh (+ Dc, cng J7ng, cu t-, ngu+4n lH hAat ng c0a r l1 kh#~ ng kiuJTng.

[ >u Dc r l1 kh#~ ng v(- l*c kh#~ ng ng c l*c.

1,.2. S{T LIU Z THI|T B} Z JNG C

a. $t liu ] yB+ in.

. hi't / ] s l1 kh#~ ng kiu JTng, l*c kHn t0 lnh

c. y7ng c7 ] >Zng hZ $X, a!p1 k&!, 8ng in

1,.,. C;C B~C THC HNH

1,.,.1. C= /@P:

UZ! c] i'p i! eth6ng h#, Mi )Qt, Cun JB+.

1,.,.1. C'" \' )*+$:


T"#ng l$

Ti%p &i'(

)*i +t

intR

KInh j. ] Cu t- r1la+ JTng

[ ~ ln thI in tR ln[ ~ nhY thI in tR nhY

[ >u e yB+ ch+ es.

[ >u eO yB+ & eL.[ >u ej sa nguZn.

j

O

C

C

R

KInh . ] L Z u in


51/79


[ C

v(- nguZn[ s v(- @u cun JB+ r l1

[ Cu*i cun JB+ r l1 v(- nguZn cTn li.

[ Lv(- t7 t7 n*i v(- ti'p i! kh#i ng

Ch{ V] n'u khng c t7 & thI JB+ L n*i thng v(- ti'p i! kh#i ng.

1,.,.1. N5g$ 0E "94/ )$5

[ CQ! in ] Cun ch+ c in, cun & khng c in, l-ck khng kh#i ng, l{c JTng 5ua cun ch+ v( JB+ 5un c0a r1la+ rt ca-, l;c in tR !nh h{t li )Qtng ti'p i! ch- cun & c in l(! l-ck kh#i ng. Lau - JTng in gi8!9u*ng l;c in tR gi8! th1-, li )Qt / rt 9u*ng Ji J- tc ng c0a trAng l;c l(!ngQt ti'p i! c0a cun & ra, l-ck vn ti'p t7c ch+.

Ch{ V ]

[ s1la+ JTng chW c v/ trH li )Qt ri 9u*ng !i hAat ng Dc.

[ s1la+ c 5un JB+ n4n Dc gAi l( r1la+ JTng

[ >6ng kHnh JB+ 5un r1la+ wng JB+ 5un cun ch+, J- tR 6ngkHnh JB+ 5un r1la+ )u+ ra Dc cng )uBt l-ck

[ s1la+ P$ JB+ ln, Ht vTng

[ s1la+ OOP$ JB+ nhY, nhi&u vTng

[ C th Jng r1la+ P$ gQn ch- l-ck OOP$ vi i&u kin cng )utl-ck tFng gp i

s1la+ kh#i ng kiu JTng ph8i ph hDp l-ck

[ C h{t v( nh8 li )Qt ti'p i!

[ %'u khng h{t Dc li )Qt thI l-ck khng & Dc

[ %'u khng nh8 Dc li )Qt thI cun & khng ngQt in ra )" / ch+

CF "8* $ /% 6#* 1, :CBu ] rInh (+ cu t- r l1 kh#i ng kiu JTng.

CBu O ] rInh (+ ngu+4n lH hAat ng c0a r l1 8- v.

CBu j ] rInh (+ trInh t; cc tha- tc u r l1 v(- l*c.



52/79


BI 1UN CHNH R L yHI NG yIU JNG

1.1. MC TIU


[ LGa Dc r l1 kh#~ ng kiu JTng.

[ un l~ Dc cun JB+ r l1 ch- ph hDp u v(- l*c..


a. $t liu ] yB+ in.

. hi't / ] s l1 kh#i ng kiu JTng, l*c kHn t0 lnh.

c. y7ng c7 ] >Zng hZ $X, a!p1 k&!, 8ng in1.,. C;C B~C THC HNH

1.,.1. N* $5:

i[ yTng l(! vic c0a r l1 ph8i ph hDp vi JTng l(!vic c0a l*c.

4u c@u]

[ yTng kh#i ng ln h{t li )Qt.

[ yTng l(! vic 0 nhY nh8 li )Qt.

ii[ yTng l(! vic c0a r l1 khng ph hDp l*c

[ %'u JTng l(! vic c0a r l1 nhY hn JTng l(! vic c0a l*cli)Qt Dc h{t l4n nhng khng nh8l*c ch+ nhng a!p1 vn ca-J- khng ngQt Dc cun &ch+ l*c.

[ %'u JTng l(! vic c0a r l1 ln hn JTng l(! vic c0a l*ckhng 0 l;c h{t li )Qt l4nl*c khng kh#i ng Dc.

iii[ M;c h{t li )Qt ph7 thuc v(-]

[ L* vTng JB+ 5un c0a r l1 v( c6ng JTng 5ua cun JB+.

[ L* vTng JB+ c(ng nhi&ua!p1 c(ng lnl;c c(ng ln.

1.,.2. =$ '"$" 3( 0d:

a. %'u h{t !( khng nh8 l( J- l;c in tR 5u !nh][ ChWnh wng cch th- t !t )* vTng JB+ c0a r l1 t l;c h{t.

. %'u khng h{t nzi l( J- l;c in tR +'u]

[ ChWnh wng cch 5un th1! JB+ v(- tFng l;c in tR.

CF "8* $ /% 6#* 1 :CBu ] K3+ ch- i't ); khng ph hDp c0a r l1 *i vi l*c t0 lnh.

CBu O ]. K3+ ch- i't ); ph hDp c0a r l1 *i vi l*c t0 lnh



53/79


CBu j ] rInh (+ trInh t; cc tha- tc 5un chWnh r l1.

BI 1

R L yHI NG yIU B;N JN

l *+$ /k Z TC [

1.1. MC TIU


[ rInh (+ Dc, cng J7ng, cu t-, ngu+4n lH hAat ng c0a r l1 kh#i ng kiun Jn.

[ >u Dc r l1 kh#i ng n Jn v(- l*c kh#~ ng ng c l*c.


a. $t liu ] yB+ in.

. hi't / ] s l1 kh#i ng kiu n Jn, l*c kHn t0 lnh

c. y7ng c7 ] >Zng hZ $X, a!p1 k&!, 8ng in

1.,. C;C B~C THC HNH

1.,.1. C= /@P -# ''" \' )*+$:

[ UZ! !i'ng n Jn v( O p in wng ki! lAai

[ >:c tHnh c0a !i'ng n Jn e in tr# tha+ zi th1- nhit

%gui Jn in

%ng ngQt inii ,ch 0c %in

[ Cv(- nguZn

[ sv(- !t @u p in c0a r l1.

[ sv(- nguZn cTn l~

[ Lv(- @u p in cTn l~ c0a r l1.

iii HRat %>ng


KInh . ] L Z u in r1la+in tG


54/79


[ CQ! in cun ch+ c in e J- !i'ng n Jn # nhit Inhth6ngJn in Cun & c in l-ck ch+

[ yTng 5ua cun & l(! ch- !i'ng n Jn nng l4n khng Jn inngQt in cun &

[ >i&u kin ] r-ng )u*t th6i gian l-ck ch+ !i'ng n Jn ph8i gi2 nng. h6ng ng6i ta gQn r1la+ in tG p )t v(- l-ck v( {c kHn gi2nhit

i' Mc %i.0

[ >n gi8n h@u nh khng h hYng, hAat ng chQc chQn

[ C th !Qc th4! t7 ng! tFng cng )ut l-ck v( ti't ki! in

[ C nhDc i! l( r{t ra cQ! in li nga+ l-ck khng & e J- cTnnng Jn ti J ch+ l-ck

CF "8* $ /% 6#* 1 :CBu ] rInh (+ cu t-, ngu+4n lH hAat ng c0a r l1 kh#i ng kin n Jn.

CBu O ]. rInh (+ cc c u r l1 v(- l*c


CR

C

R

KInh .O ] L Z u in Jng r1la+ in tG v( t7ng!


55/79


BI 1n

THRM!TAT N UT T IN TR!NG T LNH

1n.1. MC TIU


[ rInh (+ Dc cu t-, hAat ng cc thi't in tr-ng t0 lnh.

[ >u Dc cc thi't /.

1n.2. S{T LIU Z THI|T B} Z JNG C

a. $t liu ] yB+ in, Fng k1-.

. hi't / ] 0 lnh, t0 !t, t0 cp ng.c. y7ng c7 ] >Zng hZ $X, a!p1 k&!, 8ng in

1n.,. C;C B~C THC HNH

1n.,.1. B )*> '"$" 0@$" lT"d3\Pi&u chWnh nhit lnh tr-ng phTng wng cch khi tr-ng phTng 0lnh thI tc ng ngQt in l-ck.

. Cu t-

c. K-t ng

[ Nhi 0 lnh, @u c8! nhit lnh cht c8! nhit c- li hp 9p9u*ng, c cu lt t 9u*ngngQt ti'p i! l-ck ngng h-t ng.

[ Lau nhit tr-ng phTng tFng l4n cht c8! nhit n# ra hp9'p phInh l4n c cu lt t l4n ng ti'p i! cp in ch- l-ckch+ li.

J. K hYng

[ U3+ *ng c8! nhit[ sch hp 9'p

[ y ti'p i!


KInh o. ] Cu t- th1r!-)tat


56/79


[ c?ng h th*ng lT 9-, vHt chWnh

Cc h hYng tr4n l(! ng c l-ck khng h-t ng phTng / !t lnh

1. Cch - ki! tra th1r!-)tat

[ yng h! k' - thng !ch hai @u th1r!-)tat[ t % th1r!-)tat c ng ngQt

[ t % th1r!-)tat )au l(! lnh @u c8! nhit ti'p i! ph8i ngQtra khng thng !ch n2a

[ >Di !t l{c @u c8! nhit h't lnh ti'p i! ng li

1n.,.2. q$ @/:

a. >n

i ,Wng #$ng

[ Chi'u )ng tr-ng t0 lnh l+ th;c ph

[ >n v( chui v:n O, , o

[ Cng )ut P,

ii ,Wng tc

[ >ng cGa n tQt

[ X# cGa n )ng

. ut

[ ChW c tr-ng t0 lnh Jng 5ut

[ >ng c in nhY OPi ,Wng tc (t] %gDc vi n

[ >ng cGa 5ut ch+

[ X# cGa 5ut tQt

ii BK trV

[ 0 cGa ] ChW c n, khng c 5ut

X# cGan )ng

>ng cGa n tQt

[ 0 O cGa ] >ng tr;c ti'p, chW c n # ngFn Ji khng c 5ut

X# cGa Jin )ng

>ng cGa Ji n tQt

[ 0 O cGa Jng 5ut ] C n ngFn Ji, 5ut ngFn tr4n


KInh o.O ] Cng tQc n

KInh o.j ] Cng tQc 5ut


57/79


>ng O cGa 5ut ch+

X# tr-ng O cGa 5ut tQt

>ng cGa Ji n tQt

X# cGa Ji n )ng

1n.,.,. C'" \' T"d3\P


58/79


P] Kwng )* in !i c0a khng khH .

L ] yin tHch 8n c;c .

J ] Nh-8ng cch gi2a hai 8n c;c .

c. hBn l-i v( )- )nh

TO )>

[ NHch kh#i ng e !-t-r LtartingCapacit-r.

[ ChW c in khi &.

[ M(! vic tr-ng th6i gian ngQn.

[ r/ )* ln.

TO $5\

[ Ch+, l(! vic, th6ng tr;c e!-t-r running capacit-r.

[ C in th6ng 9u+4n .

[ %h t8i.

[ r/ )* x.

J. CFn c? chAn t7 ch- ng c l-ck[ Cng J7ng t7 l( t7 & ha+ t7 ng!.

[ >in th' l(! vic a- nhi4u vn.

[ r/ )* in Jung a- nhi4u

1. K hYng

[ 7 / 9I !i cht l(! gi8! tr/ )* in Jung e, l(! l-ck khng &Dc.

[ 7 / ?t.

[ 7 / nh th0ng ech! hai 8n c;c.

[ 7 / rT rW in.|. Cch - ki! tra t7 in

i \hC^ng *h* #ng %&ng h& %o

[ > h! k' # thang - s9PP.

[ CQ! hai @u 5u1 - v(- hai @u t7 8- 5ua 8- li.

[ uan )t tInh trng ki!

%'u ki! nh8+ l4n !t tr/ )* rZi v& l( t7 t*t, ki! nh8+ c(ng 9a t7c(ng ln.

%'u ki! khng l4n l( t7 / ?t.

%'u ki! l4n khng v& l( t7 / nh th0ng.ii \hC^ng *h* #ng ng&n %in

[ CQ! hai @u t7 v(- nguZn in ph hDp.

[ s{t ra chp hai @u t7 li.

%'u c ti'ng nz v( tia lGa in l( t7 cTn t*t.

%'u khng c ti'ng nz v( tia lGa in l( t7 !t kh8 nFng np 98.

CF "8* $ /% 6#* :CBu ] K3+ ch- i't cu t- v( ngu+4n lH hAat ng c0a th1!-)tat.

CBu O ] $" ) Z !Qc JB+ n, 5ut tr-ng t0 lnh v( trInh (+ ngu+4n lH hAat ng.



59/79


CBu j ] $" ) Z !Qc JB+ th1r!-)tat, n 5ut vi l*c v( trInh (+ ngu+4n lH hAatng

CBu ] rInh (+ ); khc nhau gi2a t7 ng! v( t7 &.

BI 1o

U MCH IN N GIN T LNH T M;T T C NG

1o.1. MCTIU


[ $" ) Z in, Ac v( trInh (+ Dc hAat ng c0a !ch in

[ c /nh Dc cc @u JB+ ra c0a t0 lnh

[ >u in {ng ) Z, !ch hAat ng {ng th1- +4u c@u

[ Nhng gB+ ngQn !ch, * trH JB+ gAn p

1o.2. C;C B~C THC HNH

1o.2.1. ( )Q \@'" )*+$ )($ 5*s$ 64P 5Q\ '' /"*h/ 67 )*+$

[ l-ck

[ s1la+ 8- v

[ s1la+ kh#i ng

[ 7 kh#i ng

[ >n cng tQc

[ h1r!-)tat

a. K-t ng ]

[ X# cGa ra n )ng

[ >ng cGa n tQt

[ X# th1r!-)tat l*c ch+

[ Qt th1r!-)tat l*c ngRngh;c t' ]

[ %guZn v(- PO @u JB+ )* v( O


C

C

R

T"d3\*'T"d3\P


60/79


[ >n tR th1r!-)tat tR t0 ra Pj @u JB+ j, , o

[ l-ck 3 u t7 v( r1la+ kh#i ng, 8- v ra PO @u JB+.

. Cch 9c /nh Pj @u JB+ tR t0 ra

P JB+ n

P JB+ th1r!-)tat

P JB+ chung c0a n v( th1r

ha- tc ]

[ c /nh v/ trH th1r,n,cng tQc c0a t0 lnh[ c /nh O JB+ n

Qt th1r!-)tat, !# cGa t0.

yng ! k' - thng !ch 9c /nh PO @u JB+ c0a n ec:p l4nki! thng nhau

n nh8 cng tQc n 8! 8- chQc chQn

yB+ cTn li l( JB+ th1r

[ c /nh hai JB+ th1r

h- ng n ra

yng ! k' - thng !ch 9c /nh Dc c:p JB+ th1rel( c:pthng ki!, thng nhau.

>ng !# th1r 8! 8- chQc chQn.

>nh Ju cc @u JB+

Ch{ V ] %'u khng 9c /nh Dc c th J- cc ngu+4n nhBn )au ]

>n khng Fn vi chui

Cng tQc ng !# khng ti'p in

h1r!-)tat h

c. rInh t; u in c0a t0 lnh]

ha- tc][ >u t7 v( rl1 v(- l*c e3 hAc ra hai @u JB+.

[ c /nh Pj @u JB+ tR t0 ra ] P JB+ n, P JB+ th1r, P JB+ chung.


CL

L

C

s

h1r!ic

h1r!-)t43

r-ng t0

KInh q.O ] L Z !ch in t0 j @u JB+


61/79


[ >u in th1- ) Z.

[ yng ! k' ki! tra trc khi cQ! in e 8! 8- khng / ngQn!ch.

[ CQ! in v(-

[ >ng !# t0 ki! tra l(! vic c0a n

[ Qt !# h1r i't c ngQt l*c khng

0 lnh ra @u JB+

[ 0 L% ra JB+

[ 0 C ra @u JB+

[ 0 LK~ ra P @u JB+

0 lnh ra Po @u JB+]

[ UZ! O JB+ n, O JB+ th1r v( O JB+ cng tQc n.


;< =>y l?n l th3", ;< =>y nh@ l&1n


62/79


KInh q.j ] L Z !ch in t0 cp ng

KInh q.j ] L Z !ch in t0 p lnh

CF "8* $ /% 6#* n :CBu ] rInh (+ cch 9c /nh Pj @u JB+ tR t0 ra.

CBu O ] rInh (+ trInh t; u in c0a t0 lnh.


2:n +'oV+n *+:n*

2:n +'on,&oKn

h1r!-)tat

Lo7

-2:n

T+Qn, 1*o

7*&o(

th1r!-)tat

%&+6(0+6n*

%&+6(no'n,

Lo7X X


63/79


BI 1t

MCH IN T LNH N!R!T l yHNG NG TU|T[

1t.1. MCTIU


[ $" ) Z in, Ac v( trInh (+ Dc hAat ng c0a !ch in

[ c /nh Dc cc @u JB+, cc thi't / c0a 8- v 98 .

[ >u in {ng ) Z, !ch hAat ng {ng th1- +4u c@u

[ Nhng gB+ ngQn !ch, * trH JB+ gAn p

1t.2. C;C B~C THC HNH

1t.2.1. ( )Q \@'" )*+$ $P3P


64/79


Ch{ thHch]

[ C-!pr1))-r ] !+ nxn[ Ltart r1la+ ] rl1 kh#~ ng

[ v1rl-aJ pr-t1ct-r ] r l1 8- v

[ y1|r-)t ti!1r ] ti!1r 98

[ h1r!al cut-|| ] )T nng

[ h1r!al pr-t1ct-r] )T lnh

[ K1at1r] in tr# 98

[ h1r!-)tat ] i&u chWnh lnh

[ s \ sO ] in tr# )#~

[ an !-t-r ] ng c 5ut[ Might ] n

[ N \ NO] cng tQc n 5ut

KAat ng]

[ >ng cGa tQt n. X# cGa n )ng.

[ X# cGa 5ut ngRng. >ng cGa 5ut ch+.

[ Nhi i!1r 5ua+ 'n th6i i! 93 )" tc ng ] ngQt in ng c l-ck,ng in ch- in tr# 98 . >in tr# )" nung nng J(n lnh 93 .

[ Xt th6i gian )au , i!1r li tc ng ngQt in in tr# , ng in ch-

ng c l-ck h-t ng li Inh th6ng .



65/79


KInh f.O



66/79


KInh f.j

CF "8* $ /% 6#* n :

CBu ]$" ) Z !ch in 98 t; ng Jng in tr# v( trInh (+ ngu+4n lV hAatng.

CBu O ] N t4n v( cng J7ng cc thi't / in tr-ng !ch 98 t; ng Jung in tr#.



67/79


BI 1u

C;CH LM HIN LC

1u.1. MCTIU

Lau khi hAc 9-ng (i n(+ hAc )inh c kh8 nFng ][ rInh (+ Dc cng J7ng c0a phin )+, lAc.

[ M(! Dc phin t; ch' tha+ th' phin in.

1u.2. S{T LIU THI|T B} Z JNG C

4Z $t liu] c h(n, l~ Zng, *ng Zng o, *ng Zng o.

[ hi't /] h(n gi .

c[ y7ng c7] k&! wng, k&! nhAn, ca )Qt, 4t.

1u.,. C;C B~C THC HNH

1u.,.1. C$5 O$5:

[ hin )+ c cng J7ng khG trnh hin tDng tQc Dc :t g@n X%, % v( Inh ch?a.

[ %gu+4n tQc l(! vic] yng vt liu h{t

$t liu][ Xt -n *ng Zng wng o J(i P c!.[ Kai -n *ng Zng o J(i o c!.[ Xt -n *ng o J(i f c!.

rInh t; l(!][ Chu


68/79


[ yng li Ac @u v( cc r3nh li.[ Np *ng 3 Ac li v(- gi2a *ng Zng o v( kp O *ng Zng cTn li v(-

@u kia c0a *ng o.

[ K(n kHn cc chz kp li.[ M(! ngui phin wng nc nhng trnh nc lAt v(- 4n tr-ng.

[ yng Fng k1- /t kHn cc @u *ng li 8- 5u8n n'u cha Jng nga+. Ch{ V][ %'u *ng c= v( J c th l(! )ch *ng wng cch *t l?a v( nh{ng nc trc

khi l(!.[ %'u ch' li phin thi khng cTn ht h{t a!, li ng6i ta np J@u nght v(-

t0 lnh trc khi np gam. CBu hYi]

[ %h v+ c th 91! phin i't t0 lnh cTn min gam hB+ khng Cch phBn itnh th' n(-

i )a- khi np gam li thI ph8i tha+ phin !i

BI 2v



69/79


A CHA N GA T LNH

2v.1. MC TIU


[ K(n n*i cc thi't / t0 lnh {ng +4u c@u k thut[ * trH *ng gAn, p

[ CBn cp \ thG kHn \ h{t chBn khng {ng +4u c@u k thut

[ %p ga {ng tr/ )*

[ >{ng trInh t; tha- tc

2v.2. S{T LIU THI|T B} Z JNG C

a. $t liu ] c h(n, thau h(n, -9+, gam *t, chai ga sO, J@u ch*ng nght e !1than-l

. hi't / ] 0 lnh, l*c thG kHn, h{t chBn khng.

c. y7ng c7 ] !p1 k&!, k&!, {a ca- )u, J7ng c7 u*n *ng, h(n gi

2v.,. C;C B~C THC HNH GQ\ o 6D':

2v.,.1. y*`\ /34 /"*h/ 67:

4[ M $f$:

[ X+ nxn ch+ a!p1 Inh th6ng khng ch! vY.

[ %xn PP L~ tr# l4n l( t*t.

[ Clap1 in Mnh U$ ]Bi c Long


70/79

Gio trnh Thc Hnh Ngh trang - < -

[ K(n c(ng nhanh c(ng t*t, trnh h(n i h(n li nhi&u l@n v( Qp c h(n5{a nhi&u

T3r$" /c /"c' "*+$

. K(n rQcc- v(- @u np

O. UQn l-ck v(- t0 e c chBn ca- )u v( ulng

j. K(n @u @+ v(- J(n nng

. Cp nguZn ch- l-ck ch+ cu*i J(n nng ra hi

. L{c J(n nng e Jng !t ta+ /t cu*i J(n nng chS c hi ra, )au !tl{c ung ta+ ra hi )" that ra k! th1- 7i


71/79


[ %'u cp J thI cQt t

[ hi'u cp thI h(n th4!

[ l-ck !nh l+ tr/ )* ln lnh )Bu

[ l-ck +'u l+ tr/ )* thp &n l-ck. K(n cu*i )Di cp v(- J(n lnh

P. Cp nguZn ch- l-ck ch+ 6ng v& ra hi

. L{c J(n lnh e tng t; nh ){c J(n nng

O. K(n 6ng v& v(- @u h{t c0a l-ck

j. Ni! tra ); thng )u*t c0a h th*ng

Cp nguZn ch- l-ck ch+

>@u np h{t hi v(- l{c @u !nh )au +'u J@n rZi h't h{t

Qt l-ck hi that ngDc ra

2v.,.. T"k ?E$: l \' /"dP


72/79


2v.,.. HX/ '"F$ ?"$5

a. Cng J7ng

[ K{t )ch khng khH c tr-ng h th*ng trc khi np gam, trnh hintDng tQc

. ha- tc th;c hin

i. XQc th1- ) Z


KInh OP.O ] L Z h{t chBnkhng Jng j JB+

KInh OP.j ] L Z h{t chBn khng Jng OJB+

KInh OP. ] L Z h{t chBn khng Jng chHnh l-ck


73/79


ii. Cp nguZn ch- l-ck ch+ khng khH tr-ng h th*ng )" Dc l-ck h{th{t ra 4n ngTai

iii. i'p t7c ch- ti khi t chBn khng

>@u khYang ph{t n'u ki!khng l4n l( t*t

2v.,.n. N@% 54:

2v.,.n.1. N@% \d/4$P0 l CH,!H [

a. Cng J7ng

[ NhG hi nc trnh tQc

[ %p !1tan-l tha+ th' ht h{t

[ MDng np CC

PP lHt. ha- tc th;c hin

. M+ !1tan-l v(- *ng chHch

O. Mt ngDc Zng hZ

j. CQ! !1tan-l v(- *ng gi2a

. X# nh van thp p chBn khng c0a h th*ng )" h{t !1tan-l v(- hth*ng

. Nha van li nga+

2v.,.n.2. N@% 54

. UQn Inh gam sO v(-O. >uzi khng khH tr-ng JB+ np ]

%i lYng rQcc- gi2a



74/79


X# nh Inh gam

Uam tr-ng Inh )" uzi khng khH ra chS h#

Nhi ngh1 ti'ng 9I )i't rQcc- gi2a li

j. Mt ngDc Zng hZ li. Cp nguZn ch- l-ck ch+

. X# van thp p gam )" Dc h{t v(- h th*ng

o. %p tRng lDng v(-

q. uan )t ki! tR [jP )" np l4n ti P rZi ki! tra ]

>@u ng *ng nxn ph8i nng J@n v( !?c nng gi8! J@n ch- ti phin lAc chW cTn hi !.[ X# cGa t0 ngh1 r ti'ng ga) phun v(- J(n lnh[ > rl1 nhit # v/ trH tr/ )* nhY )au !t th6i gian t0 ph8i JRng, khi nhit t0 tFng t0h-t ng tr# li.[ Nhi !i JRng t0 v( h-t ng li nga+ thI rl1 8- v ph8i ngQt n'u !+ nxn khng h-tng Dc.[ Nhi t0 h-t ng J(n nng nng &u, J(n lnh ! tu+'t &u v( tr4n ng h{t c Ang)ng.

2 N"$5 "D "8$5 /"D($5 5m% $5g$ $"F$ -# ''" ?"' %"O'.2.1 N"$5 "D "8$5 ?"* \ $f$ -$ "P@/ )$5



75/79


0@$" ?f\%gu+4n nhBn] hi'u ga) y- tQc

y- tQc *t 5u1 Ji4! v( h v(- cu*i J(n nng el{c h th*ng ang h-t ng n'u -n *ng Dc hnng khng th )6 ta+ v(- Dc thI k't lun t0 thi'u ga) ekhng Jng t lGa. %'u t0 0 ga)khi h nng !i cht )" a+ hi v( l(! !t -n / *t nng vI v+ c th )4 v(- Dc -nh nng.

O. %gu+4n nhBn]y- h th*ng / rT rW ga) # tr4n J(n nng h-:c J(n lnh, tr4n ng *ng.

j. NhQc ph7cNhi t0 lnh thi'u ga) chQc chQn t0 / rT rW ti !t v/ trH n(- tr4n h th*ng lnh. $I v+!u*n khQc ph7c c@n tI! v( khQc ph7c chS rT rW.Cch ] yng At 9( phTngCh- l-ck h-t ng )au i 9( phTng l4n ng *ng, J(n nng v( J(n lnh # &u c At9( phTng nzi l4n # / th0ng. ethng # J(n lnh

Cch O] I! v't J@u l-angMau )ch h th*ng ch- l-ck h-t ng v( 5uan )t tr4n ng *ng v( cc J(n tra- zi nhit.# Bu c v't J@u # c lS th0ng.$i nh2ng lS th0ng # tr4n ng *ng v( J(n nng thH khQc ph7c wng phng php h(n.$i nh2ng lS th0ng tr4n J(n lnh, -n *ng nh! thI khQc ph7c wng phng php h(n nh!h-:c Jng k1- 4p79i Jn kHn lS th0ng.

WT 0@$" 67 /' \. iu hin[ 0 lnh kx! lnh

[ an @u c gi lnh thzi ra )au v(i ph{t gi lnh c nhit tFng J@n.[ y(n nng nng J2 Ji[ X+ nxn l(! vic )au !t th6i gian th1r!ic tc ng ngQt !+ nxn. X+ nxn ngRng h-t



76/79


ng lp tr-ng *ng !a- li tan ra v( th1r!ic li ng in tr# li ch- l-ck.

O. %gu+4n nhBn[ y- tr-ng h th*ng lnh cTn ch?a hi nc, J- 5u trInh h{t chBn khng khng t*t n4n tr-ng

h th*ng cTn khng khH. Nhi h th*ng h-t ng lDng hi nc n(+ i 5ua *ng !a- eti B+c nhit thp n4n hi nc )" ngng li v( Zng Fng l(! tQc *ng !a-.[ C hin tDng Ang )ng 4n ng-(i ti *ng !a- ni / tQc.

j. NhQc ph7cNhi h th*ng lnh c ch?a hi nc 4n tr-ng c@n 98 h't ga) tr-ng h th*ng ra ng-(i, tha+

phin lAc !i v( th;c hin np li ga) e5u trInh np ga) !7c .

W T' 6$ \/ %"&$ /@* %"*$ 09'.. iu hin

i phin lAc c Ang )ng0 kx! lnh, !+ nxn ch+ li4n t7c khng ngQt.

O. %gu+4n nhBny- tr-ng h th*ng lnh c ch?a cc i .W JP #$ 0@$" 6\ /h/ $"*>. iu hin[ Ui lnh J- 5ut thzi ra khng lnh lQ![ X+ nxn l(! vic li4n t7c khng ngQt[ >- JTng l(! vic thI th+ nhY hn JTng /nh !?c

[ C th tr4n ng *ng v& !+ nxn / ! tu+'t[ %'u lBu c th ! ra phHa ng-(i vY nh;a c0a ngFn .O. %gu+4n nhBn



77/79


[ KYng rl1 B! h-:c Jng[ KYng i!1r, ?t JB+ in tr#.[ >@u c8! i'n c0a th1r!-)tat lch ra khi v/ trH h-:c th1r!-)tat hYng khng ngQt Dc !+nxn.

j. NhQc ph7c[ %gQt t0 ra khi nguZn in[ Ni! tra cc thi't / in rl1 B!, rl1 Jng, ti!1r, in tr# n'u th+ hYng thi't / n(- thItha+ th' thi't / .[ %'u cc thi't / in n(+ khng hYng, c@n ki! tra th1r!-)tat.

W JP "8$5 6g$ /3P$5 60P'?. iu hin[ l-ck l(! vic nng hn Inh th6ng[ C ti'ng g nh 4n tr-ng l-ck[ yTng l(! vic nhY hn JTng /nh !?c

O. %gu+4n nhBn[ Ch' i trn kx! h-:c l-ck l(! vic 5u kx![ l-ck / t7t hi J- g3+ h-:c k4nh l van h{t v( nxn, J- h# 9xc !Fng j. NhQc ph7c+ th1- tInh trng l-ck c th ph8i tha+ th' l-ck !i h-:c ph8i ca l-ck )Ga ch2a.

W JP "8$5 /"d3\*'. iu hinl-ck ch+ v( JRng khng th1- 5u+ lutO. %gu+4n nhBny- thanh l!g ki! / hYng h-:c ti'p 9{c khng t*t n4n vi JTng /nh !?c cTng c th *tnng thanh lng ki! l(! thanh lng ki! c-ng ln v( !# ti'p i!.j. NhQc ph7c

%4n tha+ th' !t th1r!ic !i ph hDp cng )ut l-ck.

W JP -8 / ?"$5 ?E$ "Pm' 'k4 / 67 ?g$". iu hin[ y(n lnh ! tu+'t nhi&u[ L4 vY t0 th+ lnh, tr4n vY t0 c hin tDng Ang )ng[ i v/ trH cGa v4nh c Ang nc.O. %gu+4n nhBn

[ -Fng cGa / h#[ 8n l& cGa / lch[ / h# cc lS luZn JB+ in, ng *ngj. NhQc ph7cha+ m-Fng cGa, i&u chWnh li 8n l&

2.2 N"$5 "D "8$5 ?"* \ $f$ ?"$5 "P@/ )$52.2.1 y"* ' $5Q$ )*+$ )h$ "% 3(0dNhi th;c hin - in p nguZn v(- hp rl1 vn th+ c in p OOP$

%gu+4n nhBn

[ KYng th1r!ic[ KYng rl1 kh#i ng[ KYng l-ck



78/79


[ KYng th1r!ic[ / g3+ thanh lng ki![ >?t JB+ in tr#[ Xt ti'p 9{c # ti'p i!

NhQc ph7c] tha+ !iKYng rl1 kh#i ngXt ti'p 9{c>?t cun JB+ in tR e- O @u JB+ c0a rl1Nt li )Qt

NhQc ph7c ]+ th1- ngu+4n nhBn, n'u kh khQc ph7c n4n tha+ !i.KYng l-ckCh+ ng c, ch+ cun kh#i ng tr-ng trng hDp )au khi kh#i ng 9-ng rl1 kh#i ng

khng nh ti'p i! thI cun kh#i ng v( l(! vic &u c in n4n JTng in chung tFngca- Jn 'n ch+ cun kh#i ng trc evI cun kh#i ng c ng kHn JB+ nhY hn n4n Jch+ hn

Ch+ cun l(! vic Cs ] r-ng trng hDp rl1 kh#i ng khng Zng ti'p i! h-:c ngc khng kh#i ng Dc, khi JTng in ch+ 5ua cun Cs ln, rl1 8- v Zng ngQt li4nt7c Jn 'n ch+ cun Cs.Nt !+ nxn.r-ng trng hDp !+ nxn / kt thI ph8i tha+ !iy- hYng cc chBn rl1 vi l-ckKYng t7 C) et+ th1- tRng l-ck

2.2.2 y"* ?"$5 ' )*+$ )h$ "% 3(0d%gu+4n nhBn>?t JB+ nguZnKYng th1r!-)tat>?t JB+ nguZn, hYng z cQ! nguZnCQ! in ch- t0, !# cGa t0 khng th+ n )ng ch?ng tYcha c nguZn in v(- t0. C@n - in p ki! tra nguZn v(- t0 t+ th1- ngu+4n nhBn !(khQc ph7c.KYng th1r!-)tatCQ! in cp nguZn ch- t0, !# cGa t0 th+ n )ng, 5ut J(n lnh vn 5ua+ nhng - in

p v(- l-ck thI khng c. %4n tha+ th' th1r!-)tat khc.KYng rl1 98 ei!1r

, M/

CBu ] $" ) Z thG kHn v( trInh (+ tha- tc th;c hin.CBu O ] $" ) Z h{t chBn khng Jng a JB+ v( trInh (+ tha- tc th;c hin.

CBu j ] $" ) Z h{t chBn khng Jng hai JB+ v( trInh (+ tha- tc th;c hin.



79/79

Gio trnh Thc Hnh Ngh trang - ; -

CBu ] $" ) Z h{t chBn khng Jng chHnh l-ck v( trInh (+ tha- tc th;c hin.

CBu ] rInh (+ tha- tc np !1than-l v( tha- tc np ga.

TI LIU THAM yH!

. .

1. NGUN C LI HM SN T

X+ v( hi't / lnh \ %h( 9ut 8n gi- J7c \ nF! q

2. NGUN C LI HM SN T

0 lnh , t0 k1! , !+ , !+ i&u hTa nhit \ %h( 9ut 8n gi- J7c \ nF! f

,. TRN TH| AN NGUN C HN

h;c h(nh k thut C >in Mnh \ %h( 9ut 8n >( %ng \ nF! OPP

Giáo Trình Tủ Lạnh Trường Nhân Đạo

Documents