GIÁO TRÌNH PLC S7-300 LÝ THUYẾT VÀ ỨNG DỤNG - CHƯƠNG 2 NGÔN NGỮ LẬP TRÌNH STL

7/31/2019 GIO TRNH PLC S7-300 L THUYT V NG DNG - CHNG 2 NGN NG LP TRNH STL

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CHNG 2: NGON NG LAP TRNH STL

2.1.Cau truc lenh

Nh a biet, cau truc cua mot lenh STL co dang

Ten lenh + Toan hang

V du:Nhan : L PIW274 // oc noi dung cong vao cua module Analog

ten lenh toan hang

Trong o toan hanhg co the la mot d lieu hoac mot a ch o nh.

2.1.1 Toan hang la d lieu

- D lieu logic TRUE (1) va (0) co o dai 1 bit.V du

CALL FC1

In_Bit_1 = TRUE //Gia tr logic 1 c gan cho bien hnh thc In_Bit_1In_Bit_2 = FALSE // Gia tr logic c gan cho bien hnh thc

In_Bit_2Ret_val = MW0 //Gia tr tra ve.

- D lieu so nh phan.V du

L 2#110011 //Nap so nh phan 110011 vao thanh ghi ACCU1- D lieu la so Hexadecimal x co o dai 1 byte (B#16#x), 1 t (W#16#x)

hoac 1 t kep (DW#16#x).V du

L B#16#1E //Nap so 1E vao byte thap cua thanh ghi ACCU1L W#16#3A //Nap so 3A2 vao 2 byte thap cua thanh ghi ACCU1L DW#16#D3A2E //Nap so D3A2E vao thanh ghi ACCU1

-D lieu la so nguyen x vi o dai 2 bytes cho bien kieu INT.


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V duL 930L -1025

- D lieu la so nguyen x vi do dai 4 bytes dang L#x cho bien kieuDINT.

V duL L#930L L#-2047

- D lieu la so thc x cho bien kieu REAL.V du

L 1.234567e+13

L 930.0- D lieu thi gian cho bien kieu S5T dang gi _phut_giay_mili giay.V du

L S5T#2h_1m_0s_5ms- D lieu thi gian cho bien kieu TOD dang gi:phut:giay.V du

L TOD#5:45:00- DATE: Bieu dien gia tr thi gian tnh theo nam/thang/ngay.V du

L DATE#1999 12 8.- C: Bieu dien gia tr so em at trc cho bo em.V du

L C#20- P: D lieu bieu dien a ch cua mot bit o nh.V du

L P#Q0.0- D lieu k t.V du

L ABCDL E


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2.1.2 Toan hang la a ch.a ch o nh trong S7_300 gom hai phan: phan ch va phan so. V du:

PIW 304 hoac M 300.4

phan ch phan so phan ch phan so

a. Phan ch ch v tr va kch thc cua o nh.Chung co the la:- M: Ch o nh trong mien cac bien c co kch thc la 1 bit.- MB: Ch o nh trong mien cac bien c co kch thc la 1 byte(8 bits).- MW: Ch o nh trong mien cac bien c co kch thc la 2 bytes (16

bits).

- MD: Ch o nh trong mien cac bien c co kch thc la 4 bytes(32bits).

- I: Ch o nho co kch thc 1 bit trong mien bo em cong vao so.- IB: Ch o nh co kch thc la mot byte trong mien bo em cong vao

so.- IW: Ch o nh co kch thc la mot t trong mien bo em cong vao so.- ID: Ch o nh co kch thc la hai t trong mien bo em cong vao so.- Q: Ch o nh co kch thc 1 bit trong mien bo em cong ra so.- QB: Ch o nh co kch thc la mot byte trong mien bo em cong raso.- QW: Ch o nh co kch thc la mot t trong mien bo em cong ra so.- QD: Ch o nh co kch thc la hai t trong mien bo em cong ra so.- PIB: Ch o nh co kch thc 1byte thuoc vung peripheral input.

Thng la a ch cong vao cua cac module tng t (I/O externalinput).

- PIW: Ch o nh co kch thc 1 t (2byte) thuoc vungperipheral input.Thng la a ch cong vao cua cac module tng t (I/O externalinput).

- PID: Ch o nh co kch thc 2 t (4bytes) thuoc vungperipheral input.Thng la a ch cong vao cua cac module tng t (I/O externalinput).

- PQB: Ch o nh co kch thc 1 byte thuoc vung peripheral output.Thng la a ch cong ra cua cac module tng t (I/O external input).

- PQW: Ch o nh co kch thc 1 t (2bytes) thuoc vung peripheraloutput. Thng la a ch cong ra/vao cua cac module tng t (I/Oexternal input).


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- PQD: Ch o nh co kch thc 2 t (4bytes) thuoc vung peripheraloutput. Thng la a ch cong ra vao cua cac module tng t (I/Oexternal input).

- DBX: Ch o nh co kch thc 1 bit trong khoi d lieu DB c mbang lenh OPN DB( open data block)

- DBB: Ch o nh co kch thc 1 byte trong khoi d lieu DB c mbang lenh OPN DB( open data block)

- DBW: Ch o nh co kch thc 1 t trong khoi d lieu DB c mbang lenh OPN DB( open data block)

- DBD: Ch o nh co kch thc 2 t trong khoi d lieu DB c mbang lenh OPN DB( open data block)

- DBx.DBX: Ch trc tiep o nh co kch thc 1 bit trong khoi d lieuDBx, vi x la ch so cua khoi DB.V du:DB5.DBX 1.6

- DBx.DBB: Ch trc tiep o nh co kch thc 1 byte trong khoi d lieuDBx, vi x la ch so cua khoi DB.V du:DB5.DBB 1.

- DBx.DBW: Ch trc tiep o nh co kch thc 1 t trong khoi d lieuDBx, vi x la ch so cua khoi DB.V du:DB5.DBW 1.

- DBx.DBD: Ch trc tiep o nh co kch thc 2 t trong khoi d lieuDBx, vi x la ch so cua khoi DB.V du:DB5.DBD 1.

- DIX: Ch o nh co kch thc 1 bit trong khoi d lieu DB c mbang lenh OPN DI(Open distance data block)

- DIB:Ch o nh co kch thc 1 byte trong khoi d lieu DB c mbang lenh OPN DI(Open distance data block)

- DBW:Ch o nh co kch thc 1 t trong khoi d lieu DB c mbang lenh OPN DI(Open distance data block)

- DBD:Ch o nh co kch thc 2 t trong khoi d lieu DB c m banglenh OPN DI(Open distance data block)

- L: Ch o nh co kch thc 1 bit trong mien d lieu a phng (localblock) cua cac khoi chng trnh OB,FC,FB.

- LB: Ch o nh co kch thc 1 byte trong mien d lieu a phng(local block) cua cac khoi chng trnh OB,FC,FB.

- LW: Ch o nh co kch thc 1 t trong mien d lieu a phng (localblock) cua cac khoi chng trnh OB,FC,FB.

-LD: Ch o nh co kch thc 2 t trong mien d lieu a phng (localblock) cua cac khoi chng trnh OB,FC,FB.


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b. Phan so ch a ch cua byte hoac cua bit trong mien nh a xac nh.- Neu o nh a c xac nh thong qua phan ch la co kch thc 1 bit

th phan so se gom a ch cua byte va so th t cua bit trong byte oc tach vi nhau bang dau cham. V du:

I 1.3 // Ch bit th 3 trong byte 1 cua mien nh bo em cong vaoso

M 101.5 // Ch bit th 5 trong byte 101 cua mien cac bien c M.Q 4.5 // Ch bit th 5

- Trong trng hp o nh a c xac nh la byte, t hoac t kep thphan so se la a ch byte au tien trong mang byte cua o nh o.

V duDIB 15 // Ch o nh co kch thc 1 byte (byte 15) trong khoi DB a

c m bang lenh OPN DI

DBW 18 // Ch o nh co kch thc 1 t gom 2 bytes 18 va 19trong khoi DB a c m bang lenh OPN DB

DB2.DBW 15 // Ch o nh co kch thc 2 bytes 15 va 16trong khoi d lieu DB2.

MD 105 // Ch o nh co kch thc 2 t gom4 bytes 105, 106, 107, 108 trong mien nh cac bien c M.

2.1.3 Thanh ghi trang thaiKhi thc hien lenh, CPU se ghi nhan lai trang thai cua phep tnh trung

gian cung nh cua ket qua vao mot thanh ghi ac biet 16 bits, c goi lathanh ghi trang thai ( Status Word). Mac du thanh ghi trang thai nay co o dai16 bits nhng ch s dung 9 bits vi cau truc nh sau:

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0BR CC1 CC0 OV OS OR STA RLO FC

FC (First check): Khi phai thc hien mot day cac lenh logic lien tiep nhaugom cac phep tnh , va nghch ao, bit FC co gia tr bang 1. Noi cach

khac, FC =0 khi day lenh logic tiep iem va c ket thuc.

V du:A I0.2 //FC = 1AN I0.3 //FC = 1= Q4.0 //FC = 0 RLO (Result of logic operation): Ket qua tc thi cua phep tnh logic vac thc hien. V du lenh

A I0.3


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- Neu trc khi thc hien bit FC = 0 th co tac dung chuyen noi dung cuacong vao so I 0.3 vao bit trang thai RLO.

- Neu trc khi thc hien bit FC = 1 th co tac dung thc hien phep tnh gia RLO va gia tr logic cong vao I 0.3. Ket qua cua phep tnh c ghi lai

vao bit trang thai RLO. STA (Status bit) : Bit trang thai nay luon co gia tr logic cua tiep iem c

ch nh trong lenh. V du ca hai lenh:A I 0.3AN I0.3

eu gan cho bit STA cung mot gia tr la noi dung cua cong vao so I 0.3. OR: Ghi lai gia tr cua phep tnh logic cuoi cung c thc hien e phu

giup cho viec thc hien phep toan sau o. ieu nay la can thiet v trongmot bieu thc ham hai tr, phep tnh bao gi cung phai c thc hien

trc cac phep tnh . OS (Store overflow bit): Ghi lai gia tr bit b tran ra ngoai mang o nh. OV (Overflow bit): Bit bao ket qua phep tnh b tran ra ngoai mang o nh. CC0 va CC1(Condition code): Hai bit bao trang thai cua ket qua phep tnh viso nguyen, so thc, phep dch chuyen hoac phep tnh logic trong ACCU BR(Binary result bit): Bit trang thai cho phep lien ket hai loai ngon ng laptrnh STL. Chang han cho phep ngi s dung co the viet mot khoi chngtrnh FB hoac FC tren ngon ng STL nhng goi va s dung chung trong motchng trnh khac viet tren LAD. e tao ra c moi lien ket o, ta can phai

ket thuc chng trnh trong FB, FC bang lenh ghi:-1 vao BR, neu chng trnh chay khong co loi .-0 vao BR, neu chng trnh chay co loi.

Khi s dung cac khoi ham ac biet cua he thong (SFC hoac SFB), trang thailam viec cua chng trnh cung c thong bao ra ngoai qua bit trang thaiBR nh sau

-1 neu SFC hay SFB thc hien khong co loi.-0 neu co loi khi thc hien SFC hay SFB.

Chu y:Mot chng trnh viet tren STL (tuy thuoc vao tng ngi lap trnh) co

the bao gom nhieu Network. Moi mot Network cha mot cong oan cu the. moi au Network, thanh ghi trang thai nhan gia tr 0, ch sau lenh au tiencua Network, cac bit trang thai mi thay oi theo ket qua phep tnh.

Network 1oan chng trnh 1



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2.2 CAC LENH C BAN

2.2.1 Nhom lenh logicBao gom cac lenh sau

A And AN And Not O Or ON Or Not

X ExOr XN ExOr Not

a. Lenh gan

Cu phap = Toan hang la a ch I, Q, M, L, D.

Lenh gan gia tr logic cua RLO ti o nh co a ch c ch th trong toan

hang. Lenh tac ong vao thanh ghi trang thai (Status word) nh sau (K hieu ch noi dung bit khong b thay oi, x la b thay oi theo lenh):

BR CC1 CC0 OV OS OR STA RLO FC- - - - - 0 x - 1

V du: Thc hien Q4.0 = I0.3Network 1

A I0.3 //oc noi dung cua I0.3 vao RLO= Q4.0 //a ket qua ra cong Q4.0

b. Lenh thc hien phep tnh AND

Cu phap A

Toan hang la d lieu kieu BOOL hoac a ch I, Q, M, L, D, T, C.


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Neu FC = 0 lenh se gan gia tr logic cua toan hang vao RLO. Ngc lai khi FC= 1 no se thc hien phep tnh AND gia RLO vi toan hang va ghi lai ket quavao RLO.Lenh tac ong vao thanh ghi trang thai ( Status word) nh sau (k hieu ch noi

dung bit khong b thay oi, x la b thay oi theo lenh):

BR CC1 CC0 OV OS OR STA RLO FC- - - - - x x x 1

V du1: Thc hien Q4.0 = I0.3 AND I0.4 (mac noi tiep hai cong tac)Network 1A I0.3 // oc noi dung cua I0.3 vao RLOA I0.4 //Ket hp AND vi noi dung cong I0.4= Q4.0 //a ket qua ra cong Q4.0V du 2:

c. Lenh thc hien phep tnh AND vi gia tr nghch aoCu phap AN

Toan hang la d lieu kieu BOOL hoac a ch I, Q, M, L, D, T, C.Neu FC = 0 lenh se gan gia tr logic nghch ao cua toan hang vao RLO.Ngc lai khi FC = 1 no se thc hien phep tnh AND gia RLO vi gia tr

nghch ao cua toan hang va ghi la i ket qua vao RLO.

Lenh tac ong vao thanh ghi trang thai ( Status word) nh sau (k hieu ch noidung bit khong b thay oi, x la b thay oi theo lenh):



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V du1: Thc hien Q4.0 = I0.3 AND NOT (I0.4) (mac noi tiep hai cong tac)Network 1A I0..3 // oc noi dung cua I0.3 vao RLO

AN I0.4 //Ket hp AND vi ao noi dung cong I0.4= Q4.0 //a ket qua ra cong Q4.0

V du 2

d. Lenh OR

Cu phap O

Toan hang la d lieu kieu BOOL hoac a ch I, Q, M, L, D, T, C.Neu FC = 0 lenh se gan gia tr logic cua toan hang vao RLO. Ngc lai khi FC

= 1 no se thc hien phep tnh OR gia RLO vi toan hang va ghi lai ket quavao RLO.Lenh tac ong vao thanh ghi trang thai ( Status word) nh sau (k hieu ch noidung bit khong b thay oi, x la b thay oi theo lenh):


V du


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e. Lenh OR NOTCu phap ON

Toan hang la d lieu kieu BOOL hoac a ch I, Q, M, L, D, T, C.

Neu FC = 0 lenh se gan gia tr logic cua toan hang vao RLO. Ngc lai khi FC= 1 no se thc hien phep tnh OR gia RLO vi NOT toan hang va ghi lai ketqua vao RLO.Lenh tac ong vao thanh ghi trang thai ( Status word) nh sau (k hieu ch noidung bit khong b thay oi, x la b thay oi theo lenh):

V du

f. Lenh thc hien phep tnh AND vi mot bieu thcCu phap A(

Neu FC = 0 lenh se gan gia tr logic cua bieu thc trong dau ngoac sau no vaoRLO. Ngc lai khi FC = 1 no se thc hien phep tnh AND gia RLO vi gia trlogic cua bieu trong dau ngoac sau no va ghi lai ket qua vao RLO.Lenh tac ong vao thanh ghi trang thai ( Status word) nh sau (k hieu ch noidung bit khong b thay oi, x la b thay oi theo lenh):

V du Q0.4 = (( I0.0 OR M10.0) AND (I0.2 OR M10.3)) AND (M10.1)


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g. Lenh thc hien phep tnh AND vi gia tr nghch ao cua mot bieu thcCu phap AN(

Neu FC = 0 lenh se gan gia tr logic cua bieu thc trong dau ngoac sau no vaoRLO. Ngc lai khi FC = 1 no se thc hien phep tnh AND gia RLO vi gia trnghch ao logic cua bieu trong dau ngoac sau no va ghi lai ket qua vao RLO.Lenh tac ong vao thanh ghi trang thai ( Status word) nh sau (k hieu ch noidung bit khong b thay oi, x la b thay oi theo lenh):

h. Lenh thc hien phep tnh OR vi gia 1tr mot bieu thcCu phap O(

Neu FC = 0 lenh se gan gia tr logic cua bieu thc trong dau ngoac sau no vaoRLO. Ngc lai khi FC = 1 no se thc hien phep tnh OR gia RLO vi gia trlogic cua bieu trong dau ngoac sau no va ghi lai ket qua vao RLO.Lenh tac ong vao thanh ghi trang thai ( Status word) nh sau (k hieu ch noidung bit khong b thay oi, x la b thay oi theo lenh):

i. Lenh thc hien phep tnh OR vi nghch ao gia tr mot bieu thcCu phap ON(

Neu FC = 0 lenh se gan gia tr logic cua bieu thc trong dau ngoac sau no vaoRLO. Ngc lai khi FC = 1 no se thc hien phep tnh OR gia RLO vi gia tr

nghch ao logic cua bieu trong dau ngoac sau no va ghi lai ket qua vao RLO.Lenh tac ong vao thanh ghi trang thai ( Status word) nh sau (k hieu ch noidung bit khong b thay oi, x la b thay oi theo lenh):


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j. Lenh ghi gia tr logic 1 vao RLO

Cu phap SET

Lenh khong co toan hang va co tac dung ghi 1 vao RLOLenh tac ong vao thanh ghi trang thai (Status word) nh sau:

BR CC1 CC0 OV OS OR STA RLO FC- - - - - - 1 1 0

k. Lenh gan co ieu kien gia tr logic 1 vao o nhCu phap S Toan hang la a ch bit I, Q, M, L, D.Neu RLO = 1, lenh se ghi gia tr 1 vao o nh co a ch cho trong toan hang.Lenh tac ong vao thanh ghi trang thai (Status word) nh sau:


l. Lenh gan co ieu kien gia tr logic 0 vao o nh

Cu phap R

Toan hang la a ch bit I, Q, M, L, D.Neu RLO = 1, lenh se ghi gia tr 0 vao o nh co a ch cho trong toan hang.Lenh tac ong vao thanh ghi trang thai (Status word) nh sau:


m. Lenh phat hien sn len

Cu phap FP

Toan hang la a ch bit I, Q, M, L, D va c s dung nh mot bien c e ghinhan lai gia tr cua RLO tai v tr nay trong chng trnh, nhng cua vong quettrc. Tai moi vong lenh se kiem tra: neu bien c (toan hang) co gia tr 0 va


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RLO co gia tr 1 th se ghi 1 vao RLO, cac trng hp khac th ghi 0, ong thichuyen noi dung cua RLO vao lai bien c. Nh vay RLO se co gia tr 1 trongmot vong quet khi co sn len trong RLO. V du: Lenh phat hien sn len.

A I0.0

FP M10.0= Q4.5

Se tng ng vioan chng trnh sau

A I0.0AN M10.0= Q4.5

A I0.0= M10.0

Lenh tac ong vao thanh ghi trang thai (Status word) nh sau:

BR CC1 CC0 OV OS OR STA RLO FC- - - - - 0 x x 1

n. Lenh phat hien sn xuong

Cu phap FN

Toan hang la a ch bit I, Q, M, L, D va c s dung nh mot bien c eghi nhan lai gia tr cua RLO tai v tr nay trong chng trnh, nhng cuavong quet trc. Tai moi vong lenh se kiem tra: neu bien c (toan hang)co gia tr 1 va RLO co gia tr 0 th se ghi 1 vao RLO, cac trng hp khacth ghi 0, ong thi chuyen noi dung cua RLO vao lai bien c. Nh vayRLO se co gia tr 1 trong mot vong quet khi co sn xuong trongRLO.Lenh tac ong vao thanh ghi trang thai (Status word) nh sau:

BR CC1 CC0 OV OS OR STA RLO FC- - - - - 0 x x 1

2.2.2 Lenh oc, ghi trong ACCU

Cac CPU cua S7_300 thng co hai thanh ghi Accunulator (ACCU) k hieu laACCU1 va ACCU2. Hai thanh ghi ACCU co cung kch thc 32 bits (1 tkep). Moi phep tnh toan tren so thc, so nguyen, cac phep tnh logic vi mang

Gia tr RLO taivong quet hien thi

Gia tr RLO tai vongquet trc c nh

vao M10.0

Hnh 2.1. Hnh mo ta lenh FP


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nhieu bits eu c thc hien tren hai thanh ghi nay. Chung co cau truc nhsau:

31 24 23 16 15 8 7 0ACCU1

ACCU2

T cao T thap

a. Lenh oc vao ACCUCu phap L

Toan hang la d lieu (so nguyen, thc, nh phan) hoac a ch. Neu la a chth- Byte IB, QB, PIB, MB, LB, DBB, DIB trong khoang 0 65535- T IW, QW, PIW, MW, LW, DBW, DIW trong khoang 0 65534- T kep ID, QD, PID, MD, LD, DBD, DID trong khoang t 0 65534Neu la d lieu th cac dang d lieu hp le cua toan hang cho trong bang sau

Bytecao Bytethap Bytecao Byte thap

Bytecao

Bytethap

Bytecao

Byte thap


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Bang 2.1: Cac dang d lieu hp le cua toan hang

Lenh L co tac dung chuyen d lieu hoac noi dung cua o nh co a ch la toanhang vao thanh ghi ACCU1. Noi dung cu cua ACCU1 c chuyen vaoACCU2. Trong trng hp gia tr chuyen vao co kch thc nho hn t kep thchung se c ghi vao theo th t byte thap cua t thap, byte cao cua t thap,byte thap cua t cao, byte cao cua t cao. Nhng bit con trong trong ACCU1c ghi 0.V du1

L IB0se chuyen noi dung cua IB0 vao ACCU1 nh sau

31 24 23 16 15 8 7 0ACCU1

V du 2L MW20 //se chuyen noi dung cua MW20 gom 2 bytes MB20, MB21vao ACCU1 theo th t

31 24 23 16 15 8 7 0

D lieu V du Giai thch L +5 Ghi 5 vao t thap cua ACCU1

B#(,) L B#(1,8) Ghi 1 vao byte cao cua t thap va 8 vaobyte thap cua t thap trong ACCU

L# L L#5 Ghi 5 vao ACCU1(so nguye 32 bits)16# L B#16#2E

L W#A2EBL DW#2C1E_A2EB

lieu dang c so 16

2# L 2#11001101 lieu dang c so 2 L AB

L ABCD lieu dang k t

C# L C#1000 lieu la gia tr at trc cho bo emS5TIME#

L S5TIME#2S lieu la gia tr at trc cho Timer(PV)

P# L P#M10.2 lieu la a ch o nh(dung cho contro)

D# L D#2000-6-20 D lieu la gia tr vengay/thang/nam(16bits)

T# L T#0H_1M_10S D lieu ve thi gian gi/phut/giay(32bits)

0 0 0 IB 0


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ACCU1

Lenh khong sa oi thanh ghi trang thai (Status word).

V du 3L 100 // ACCU1 =100L 200 // ACCU1 =200, ACCU2=100

b. Lenh chuyen noi dung cua ACCU1 ti o nh.

Cu phap T

Toan hang la ai ch:- Byte IB, QB, PIB, MB, LB, DBB, DIB trong khoang 0 65535- T IW, QW, PIW, MW, LW, DBW, DIW trong khoang 0 65534- T kep ID, QD, PID, MD, LD, DBD, DID trong khoang t 0 - 65534

Lenh chuyen noi dung cua ACCU1 vao o nh co a ch la toan hang. Lenhkhong thay oi noi dung cua ACCU2.Trong trng hp o nh co kch thc nhohn t kep th noi dung cua ACCU1 c chuyen ra theo th t byte thap cuat thap, byte cao cua t thap, byte thap cua t cao, byte cao cua t cao.V duT QB0se ch chuyen noi dung cua byte thap cua t thap trong ACCU1 vao IB0 valenhT MW20se ch chuyen byte cao cua t thap vao MW20, byte thap cua t thap vaoMW21.

Lenh khong sa oi thanh ghi trang thai (Status word).

0 0 MB20 MB21

GIÁO TRÌNH PLC S7-300 LÝ THUYẾT VÀ ỨNG DỤNG - CHƯƠNG 2 NGÔN NGỮ LẬP TRÌNH STL

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