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V cuc sng l khng chi, vic hc bt u thm nay!

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Gii thi thTrng chuyn i Hc Vinh

A. PHN CHUNG CHO TT C TH SINH (40 cu: Tcu 1 n cu 40)Cu 1: Cho 6,44 gam mt ancol n chc phn ng vi CuO un nng, thu c 8,68 gam hn hp X gmanehit, nc v ancol d. Cho ton b X tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, kt thc ccphn ng thu c m gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l:

A. 30,24. B. 86,94. C. 60,48. D. 43,47.

- D thy y l phn ng oxh gc ru, sn phm ty thuc vo cch tin hnh phn ng (tc u bicho) m c th l an, xeton thm ch l acid. Theo , ta s thy rng phn ng ny tng 16 gam khi 1 moltc cht phn ng ht vi CuO, tng gim khi lng cho ta s mol ca an fomic to ra l 0,14 =>m=0,14*4*108= 60,48.

Cu 2: Hn hp M gm ancol no, n chc, mch hX v hirocacbon Y. t chy hon ton mt lngM cn dng va 0,07 mol O2, thu c 0,04 mol CO2. Cng thc phn t ca Y l:

A. C3H8. B. C2H6. C. CH4. D. C4H10.- Nhn ra rng y chc c l ankan (p n cho hi d) khi ta so snh lng O nguyn t. t n.ancolhol=a, ca ankan=b, ca nc l c, theo ta thit lp c 2 phng trnh. Bo ton [O]: c=0,06+a; nc CO2=M: c 0,04=a+b.

Gii ra c b=0,02. Vy chc chn, ankan l CH4 lun, v nu n l 2C trln th ch cn shin hu ca ancol.

Cu 3: Cho dy cc cht: axetilen, anehit axetic, axit fomic, anilin, phenol, metylxiclopropan. S chttrong dy lm mt mu nc brom l:

A. 5. B. 6. C. 4. D. 3.

- Ch : ni 3 xicloankan c lm mt mu brom (bonus: H2S khng lm mt mu thuc tm, SO2 mt muthuc tm cho kt ta vng nht); an kh Br2 ln acid, ring vi HCHO tc dng 2 giai on, kh chon CO2, anilin, phenol cho kt ta trng. Cc gc hidrocacbon cha no, km bn cng th, tc dng theo cch phn ng cng hp-oxh kh.

Cu 4: Cho hn hp kh X gm HCHO, C2H2 v H2i qua ng sng bt Ni nung nng. Sau mt thigian thu c hn hp Y (gm kh v hi). t chy hon ton Y cn dng va 0,07 mol O2, sinh ra0,055 mol CO2 v 0,81 gam H2O. Phn trm th tch ca HCHO trong X l:

A. 25,00%. B. 75,00%. C. 66,67%%. D. 33,33%.- Bn quan tm n sn phm sau cng cng nh bo ton nguyn t.- Tnh c s mol HCHO l 0,015, quay trli tnh n s mol nc, kh to thnh t n; ko theo s mol

C2H2=0,02; H2=0,01. Phn trm ca fomanehit=0,33.

Cu 5: Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm Ba v Al2O3 vo nc thu c dung dch X v 0,2 mol H2.Sc kh CO2 ti d vo X, xut hin 11,7 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:

A. 37,60. B. 21,35. C. 42,70. D. 35,05.- Kt ta sau cng ch c hidroxit nhm=0,15, nn Al2O3=0,075.- V phn ng hon ton nn Ba=H2=0,2. Vy m= 0,075*102 + 0,2*137=35,05.

Cu 6: Thu phn hon ton m gam mt pentapeptit mch hM thu c hn hp gm hai amino axit X1,X2(u no, mch h, phn tcha mt nhm -NH2 v mt nhm -COOH).t chy ton b lng X1,X2trn cn dng va 0,1275 mol O2, ch thu c N2, H2O v 0,11 mol CO2. Gi tr ca m l :

A. 3,17. B. 3,89. C. 4,31. D. 3,59.- t vn : thy phn peptit hoc protit thu c g, trong mi trng no (acid, base, nhit ); ri

trng ngng a.a ra sao?...

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- y, ta thy M gm C, H, O, N nhng lng O khc vi ca amino acid m ta mit mi tnh tonxong li qun, cng khng v ch, mt iu ti quan trng cn trnh.

- Cng thc hay phng trnh tng qut cho dng bi ny nh sau:mCnH2n+102N = CmnHm(2n+1)-2NmOm+1 ; vi bi ny th m=5, nhng chiu phng trnh l ngc li.

- Ta i xt phn ng t amino acid; phn ny d lp t l bit s C=11

5. ng vi s mol N=0,05.

- a ln dng th 3, ng vi m=5, n=C=11

5 th s mol ca pentapeptit=0,01. Tnh m=0,01*(11*12+22-

3+5*14+6*16)=3,17.

Cu 7: Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo chiu gim dn nhit si t tri sang phi l :A. C2H5COOH, C2H5CH2OH, CH3COCH3, C2H5CHO. B. C2H5COOH, C2H5CHO,

C2H5CH2OH, CH3COCH3.

C. C2H5CHO, CH3COCH3, C2H5CH2OH, C2H5COOH. D. CH3COCH3, C2H5CHO,C2H5CH2OH, C2H5COOH.

- D chn A.

Cu 8: Hp th ht 0,15 mol CO2 vo dung dch cha 0,025 mol NaOH v 0,1 mol Ba(OH)2, kt thc cc

phn ng thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m lA. 14,775. B. 9,850. C. 29,550. D. 19,700.- Bi ny phi gi l truyn thng: CO3

2-=OH

-- CO2=0,075

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Cu 12: X v Y l hai nguyn t thuc hai nhm A lin tip. Tng s proton ca nguyn t X v Y l 25. Ythuc nhm VIA. n cht X khng phn ng trc tip vi n cht Y. Nhn xt no sau y v X, Y lng?

A. Cng thc oxi cao nht ca X l X2O5. B. Bn knh nguyn t Y ln hn bn knhnguyn t X.

C. m in ca Y ln hn m in ca X. D. trng thi cbn, nguyn t X c 3electron c thn.- l Cl v O; theo , m in tng v i lc gim khi i t X sang Y. Chn CCu 13: Cho 39,2 gam hn hp M gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, CuO v Cu (trong oxi chim 18,367% vkhi lng) tc dng va vi 850 ml dung dch HNO3 nng a mol/l, thu c 0,2 mol NO (sn phmkh duy nht ca N+5). Gi tr ca a l

A. 2,0. B. 1,5. C. 3,0. D. 1,0.- Quy i hn hp thnh Fe: a mol, Cu: b mol, O: 0,45 mol. Lp h khi lng v bo ton e.- 56a+64b=32; 3a+2b=0,2*3+0,45*2, gii ra a=0,4, b=0,15.- N= NO3

-+ N (sp kh) = net + NO=1,5+0,2=1,7 => a=2. Thc ra cu ny cho tha v khng c tnh

nh cao. Gii k cc bn hiu bn cht!

Cu 14: Mt mu nc cng cha cc ion: Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl , SO 24

. Cht c dng lm mm mu nc

cng trn lA. NaHCO3. B. BaCl2. C. Na3PO4. D. H2SO4.- Cc cch lm mm nc cng ni chung: un nng, dng kim mnh nh Na2CO3, Na3PO4; dng xt,

v c bit l nha trao i ion c ng dng trong vic to ra cc hp kim dng trong kthut xy dng viSilic, nh knh chu lc, ng nhm Cu 15: Cho t dung dch HCl 35% vo 56,76 ml dung dch NH3 16%( c D=0,936 g/ml) 20

0C, cho n

khi trung ha va , thu c dd A. lm lnh dd A v 00C th thu c dd B c nng 22,9% v c mgam mui kt ta(kt tinh). Tr s ca m l:

A. 2,515 B. 2,927 C. 3,014 D.3,428- S mol ca NH3=0,5; khi lng ca HCl=0,5*36,5:0,35=52,14 gam; khi lng dung dch NH3 =53,13gam. Khi lng mui NH4Cl = 0,5*53,5=26,75 gam.- Gi m l khi lng mui kt tinh. Ta thit lp c pt: 0,229 = (26,75-m):( 52,14+53,13-m). Ko theom=3,428 gam.

Cu 16: S thuc th ti thiu cn dng phn bit 3 cht khng ring bit trong 3 l mt nhn: HCHO,CH3CHO, CH3OCH3 l

A. 4. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3.- C th ni, ng 2 hidroxit trong mi trng kim v Ag2O trong NH3u kh dng khi nh lng.

Tuy nhin, iu kin n ng, nghim ngt v b buc ca bi l phn bit, c hiu nhnh tnh nhiuhn nh lng.

- Th nn, ta dng nc Br2 l vn ci b. Bn l: ete khng cho p vi; HCHO cho kh CO2 thot ra,CH3CHO ch b chuyn thnh acid c mi gim (hc, nng kh chu) v lm mt mu Brom.Cu 17: Cho cc chuyn ha sau:

X + H2O0H t,++

X1 + X2

X1 + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH0

t X3 + 3NH3 + 2Ag + H2O

X2 + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH0

t X3 + 3NH3 + 2Ag + H2O

X3 + HCl axit gluconic + NH4Cl

Cht X l

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A. xenluloz. B. mantoz. C. tinh bt. D. saccaroz.- 3 p n cn li u cho ra sn phm l glucose. Nh th ch cn phi vit X2 X3 lm g, v vn dy

l xc nh tn gi ch khng xt n ng phn.Cu 18: Dn lung kh CO i qua hn hp gm CuO, Fe2O3, Al2O3 v ZnO un nng, sau mt thi gianthu c cht rn X v hn hp kh Y. Cho Y li chm qua bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, kt thc phnng thu c 49,25 gam kt ta. Cho ton b X phn ng vi lng d dung dch H2SO4c nng, kt thccc phn ng thu c V lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l

A. 4,48 B. 3,36. C. 6,72. D. 5,60.- Cu ny ch ni thm v bn cht: khi ly O t oxit, kh nng nhng e ca n th no th mc nhn

electron ca O nh th. Do , SO2=CO=CO2=kt ta=0,25 (do SO2 cng nhn 2mol e).Cu 19:t chy hon ton 0,05 mol hn hp M gm anehit X v este Y, cn dng va 0,155 mol O2,thu c 0,13 mol CO2 v 2,34 gam H2O. Mt khc, cho 0,1 mol M phn ng vi lng d dung dchAgNO3 trong NH3, kt thc cc phn ng thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X, Y lnlt l

A. CH3CHO v HCOOCH3. B. CH3CHO v HCOOC2H5. C. HCHO v CH3COOCH3. D.CH3CHO v CH3COOCH3.

- Mt khc, cho 0,1 mol M phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, kt thc cc phn ng

thu c 21,6 gam Ag 0,05 M th cho 0,1 mol Ag, nu c anfomic s khng tha p n, nu l mtmnh an to kt ta th khng c s tn ti ca este.

- Cho nn: C 2 u cho phn ng trng gng, lp sng cho ta bit c an c 2C, este cafomiat c 3C. Trc , ta phi tnh s C, s H, s O trung bnh, dng ny khng kh rt d ly im, mongcc bn tm.Cu 20:t chy hon ton 0,1 mol cht hu cX (cha C, H, O) cn dng va 0,6 mol O2, sinh ra 0,4mol CO2. Sng phn cu to ca X l:

A. 4. B. 7. C. 5. D. 6.- D thy, nu hp cht khng no (khng tnh gc chc) th t chy ra nh hn hay bng 0,4mol

nc, thnh ra s mol O bn v phi t hn so vi v tri. Do , y, c th l este, ancolhol, acid hay

thm ch l an no, n chc mch h.- Xc nh nh th nn n.H2O=0,5, cng thc phn t C4H10O (nhbo ton O). C 4 ru, c 3 ete.

Cu 21: Cho dy cc cht: vinyl clorua, anlyl clorua, phenyl clorua, phenol, etilen, ancol benzylic. Scht trong dy khng tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH long, un nng l:

A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 1.- C ni i k cn nhm chc, c vng thm (aren) th khng c kh nng phn ng vi kim long,

phi rt c kia.Cu 22: Hn hp X gm ankin Y v H2 c t khi so vi H2 l 6,7. Dn X i qua bt Ni nung nng cho nkhi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp Z c t khi so vi H2 l 16,75. Cng thc phn t caY l:

A.C4H6.

B.C5H8.

C. C3H

4.

D.C2H2.

- V khi lng bo ton nn: 2,5A B

B A

n M

n M= = , chn s mol A=2,5, B=1. Do gim th tch chnh l

s mol H2 tham gia phn ng = 1,5.- Do s mol ankin Y=0,75, no ha hon ton (ginh to ra ht l ankan) cho ankan=0,75 m hh sau

= 1 nn cn 0,25 H2 dH2=1,75. Lp phng trnh khi lng ta c: Y0,75M 1,75 2 33,5+ =

3 440 Y l C H =

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Cu 23: Ha tan ht m gam Al2(SO4)3 vo H2O thu c 300 ml dung dch X. Cho 150 ml dung dch X tcdng vi dung dch cha 0,3 mol NaOH, kt thc cc phn ng thu c 2a gam kt ta. Mt khc, cho 150ml dung dch X cn li phn ng vi dung dch cha 0,55 mol KOH, kt thc cc phn ng sinh ra a gamkt ta. Gi tr ca m v a ln lt l

A. 51,30 v 3,9. B. 51,30 v 7,8. C. 25,65 v 3,9. D. 102,60 v 3,9.- l gii cho bi ny, ta c th xt 2 TH ri chn p n. V khng ni r. TH m c 2 pu b ha

tan kt ta cho Al3+=0,4 khng c p n. TH cn li l Al3+ dTN1, b ha tan TN2 cho ta p n l A.

Cu 24: Cho phng trnh ha hc:M + HNO3 M(NO3)n + NxOy + H2O

Sau khi cn bng phng trnh ha hc trn vi h s cc cht l nhng s nguyn t gin th h s caHNO3 l:

A. 5nx - 2ny. B. 5nx - 2y. C. 6nx - 2ny. D. 6nx - 2y.

Cu 25: Dung dch X cha: 0,03 mol K+; 0,02 mol Ba2+ v x mol OH . Dung dch Y cha: y mol H+; 0,02

mol NO3

v z mol Cl . Trn X vi Y thu c 200 ml dung dch c pH = 13. Gi tr ca z l

A. 0,02. B. 0,03. C. 0,08. D. 0,05.- Bo ton in tch d tnh ra p n B. Vi pH=13 cho ta s mol OH- d = 0,02, suy ra phn ng =

0,05. Ri tnh tip cho dung dch B khi trung ha cc ion trong dung dch.Cu 26: C 500 ml dung dch X cha cc ion: K+, HCO

3

, Cl v Ba

2+. Ly 100 ml dung dch X phn ng

vi dung dch NaOH d, kt thc cc phn ng thu c 19,7 gam kt ta. Ly 100 ml dung dch X tcdng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c 29,55 gam kt ta. Cho 200 mldung dch X phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3, kt thc phn ng thu c 28,7 gam kt ta. Mtkhc, nu un si n cn 50 ml dung dch X th khi lng cht rn khan thu c l

A. 23,700 gam. B. 14,175 gam. C. 11,850 gam. D. 10,062 gam.- S mol Ba2+=0,5, v rng lng Ba2+ cha hn kt ta ht lng CO2-3.- S mol HCO3 = 0,75, s mol Cl

-=0,5. Bo ton in tch cho ta s mol K+= 0,25.

Vy m= 14,175, nh vy khng kh lm nhng cng ng gy cht vt cho th sinh.

Cu 27: Hn hp M gm hai cht hu cX v Y. Cho M tc dng va vi 150 ml dung dch NaOH 1Mun nng, thu c 14,1 gam mt mui v 2,3 gam mt ancol no, mch h. Nu t chy hon ton lngM trn th thu c 0,55 mol CO2. Cng thc ca X v Y ln lt l

A. CH2=CHCOOH v CH2=CH-COO-CH3. B. CHC-COOH v CHC-COO-CH3.C. CHC-COOH v CHC-COO-C2H5. D. CH2=CHCOOH v CH2=CH-COO-C2H5.

- S mol hn hp M=0,15, suy ra s C trung bnh =3,6: c 4 p n u tha.

- M mui =94 l CH2=CHCOONa, nn loi B, C. y c 2 p n u c gc hidrocacbon l cc ankylnn H2O = 0,55-0,15=0,4, ng 0,8 gam H, do m ca M=C+H+O=0,55*12+0,8+0,15*2*16=12,2. Th th,m ca nc do acid to=12,2+0,15*40-14,1-2,3=1,8;ng 0,1mol H2O. M s mol nc vi ru=0,15, nnru = 0,05. Suy ra m=46 l ancol etylic.

Cu 28: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:(I) Sc kh CO2 vo dung dch NaClO. (II) Sc kh H2S vo dung dch cha KMnO4

v H2SO4 long.(III) Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch Br2 trong H2O. (IV) Cho Zn vo dung dch CrCl3.(V) Cho FeS vo dung dch HCl. (VI) Sc kh CO2 vo dung dch NaAlO2 (hay

Na[Al(OH)4]).

S th nghim c phn ng oxi ha - kh xy ra lA. 5. B. 4. C. 2. D. 3.

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- Phn ng 3 thm ch cn khng th xy ra. C pirit cn c. P 1 cho NaHCO3 (do nc th 2 cha oxh mnh) + HClO; p VI thuc dang p trao i hay trung ha.Cu 29: Cho 2,16 gam axit cacboxylic n chc X tc dng hon ton vi dung dch cha 0,02 mol KOHv 0,03 mol NaOH. C cn dung dch thu c sau khi phn ng kt thc cn li 3,94 gam cht rn khan.Cng thc ca X l:

A. CH3-CH2-COOH. B. CH2=CH-COOH. C. CHC-COOH. D. CH3-COOH.- D chn B t phng trnh bo ton khi lng.

Cu 30: Cho dy cc cht: CH3OH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO, C2H2, C2H4, C4H10, CH3COOCH3. S cht trongdy m bng mt phn ng trc tip to ra axit axetic l:

A. 4. B. 6. C. 5. D. 3.- CH3OH+CO iu ch acid trong CN; C2H5OH: ln men; CH3CHO+O2; C4H10+O2k: xc tc,

nhit .- CH3COOCH3: phn ng este ha (thy phn). Mun lm tng hiu sut c cc cch: dng d tc cht,

cho xc tc l acid sunfuric cn bng chuyn dch sang bn nc (mt mt cng l cht xc tc theo cch cc k ho nc ca acid sunfuric), lm tng tc phn ng.

- Nhrng ha l tnh ca acid sunfuric l n mn, l kh khan ho nc (ging acid H3PO3) nn khi tip

xc vi vt cht th b ph hy ngay, chnhm ln vi tnh oxh kh ca n trong cc phn ng ha hp.Cu 31: Ha tan ht 0,15 mol P2O5 vo 200 gam dung dch H3PO4 9,8%, thu c dung dch X. Cho X tcdng ht vi 750 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, thu c dung dch Y. Hi trong Y c cha nhng hp cht noca photpho v khi lng tng ng l bao nhiu (b qua s thy phn ca cc mui trong dung dch)?

A. 45,0 gam NaH2PO4; 17,5 gam Na2HPO4 B. 30,0 gam NaH2PO4; 35,5 gam Na2HPO4.C. 14,2 gam Na2HPO4; 41,0 gam Na3PO4. D. 30,0 gam Na2HPO4; 35,5 gam Na3PO4.- Ch : nc TN1 rt d, th nn ch cn xt ta cng bit P2O5 cho ra hon ton H3PO4=0,3+0,2=0,5.

- Lp t l3 4

1,5 (1,2)OH

H PO

= nn to ra 2 mui nc 1 v 2. Vy gi s mol ln lt l a, b ta c h:

- Bo ton P: a+b=0,5; bo ton Na: a+2b=0,75 a=b=0,25, d chn p n B.

Cu 32: Cho 13,2 gam mt este n chc X tc dng va vi 40 gam dung dch NaOH 15%. Sngphn cu to tha mn iu kin trn ca X l:

A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.- D chn B. C cng thc phn t l C4H8O2.

Cu 33: Cho dy cc cht rn: Zn, NaHCO3, Al2O3, NH4Cl, NaCl, CuO, Cr2O3, Al(OH)3, Mg(OH)2. S chttrong dy va tan trong dung dch HCl, va tan trong dung dch NaOH long l:

A. 5. B. 7. C. 4. D. 6.- Ch tan vi lng tnh khc nhau!- Theo cc thuyt Areniut, Bronsted- Lawry, Lewis, Isvanovich u nhc n vic trung ha ca acid

base vi cc hp cht (ni thm).

- Gm: Zn, NaHCO3, Al2O3, NH4Cl, NaCl, Al(OH)3. Thc ra CuO cng c nhng chng trnh phthng cha chp nhn n tan trong kim-bn c ch nn tham kho ci ny.Cu 34:t chy hon ton mt amin n chc X bng mt lng khng kh (cha 80% th tch N2, cn lil O2) va , ch thu c 0,15 mol CO2; 0,175 mol H2O v 0,975 mol N2. Cng thc phn t ca X l

A. C2H7N. B. C9H21N. C. C3H9N. D. C3H7N.- Bo ton O cho ta s mol O=0,475, suy ra ca N2 trong khng kh =0,95 (gp 2 ln), suy ra s mol N

trong X =0,05, bo ton tip khi lng tnh ra MX=57.

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Cu 35: Khi tng p sut chung ca h th cn bng no sau y chuyn dch theo chiu nghch (gi nguyncc yu t khc) ?

A. CO2 (k) + H2 (k) CO (k) + H2O (k) B. N2O4 (k) 2NO2 (k)C. 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k) 2SO3 (k) D. N2 (k) + 3H2 (k) 2NH3 (k)- Cc bn c gi nhcu ny: khi tng p sut chung ca h hay gim th tch CBCD theo chiu c s

mol kht hn.

- dng ton ny, cn cho thm hiu ng nhit

H (entanpi mang tnh cht dung ) xc nhc khi thay i nhit th cn bng chuyn dch v pha no.

- Ni thm phn mrng cho nhng ai thch tham kho, say m tm ti ci mi: hng s tc phn ngkhng ph thuc bn cht cht phn ng cng nh nng m ch ph thuc nhit , tuy nhin n cn phthuc vo nng lng hot ha (ro cn nng lng-cng nh th cng d xy ra), thay i theo cht xc tc.V bn thi gian bn hy (bn thi gian phn ng) l thi gian cn thit vi tc din ra n nh sao chomt na lng tc cht b bin mt.Cu 36: Trong cc th nghim sau:

(1) Cho SiO2 tc dng vi axit HF. (2) Cho kh NH3 tc dng vi CuO un nng.(3) Cho kh O3 tc dng vi dung dch KI. (4) Cho Si n cht tc dng vi dung dch

KOH.(5) Nung Mg vi SiO2. (6) Cho MnO2 tc dng vi dung dch HCl c.(7) Cho kh SO2 tc dng vi kh H2S.S th nghim to sn phm n cht l:A. 5. B. 4. C. 6. D. 7.

Cu 37: Cho dy cc cht: alanin, caprolactam, acrilonitrin, anehit fomic, axit aipic, etylen glicol. Scht trong dy c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng ngng l :

A. 4. B. 5. C. 3. D. 2.- Acrilonitrin (CH2=CH-CN: vinyl xianua, hay cn gi l t olon, t nitron dng may o m).

- caprolactam : sn xut tnilon6 hay cn gi tcapron (cn trng ngng bng acid -aminocaproic).- etylen glicol poli (etylen-terephtalat) (tlapsan hay T dacron) rt bn v mt chc, bn i vi nhit,

axit, kim dt vi may mc.- axit aipic : iu ch tnilon 6-6- polime phenolfomanehit: l phn ng trng ngng to cc la nha novolac, rezit-hay cn gi

bakelit ( un si nng chy ngui cho rezol). C cc loi mng li cu trc:a) Mch khng phn nhnh (mch thng). V d: polietilen, amiloz, nha novolac b) Mch phn nhnh. V d: amilopectin, glicogenc) Mch mng li. V d: cao su lu ha, nha bakelitCu 38: Trng hp no sau y khng thu c kt ta khi cc phn ng kt thc?

A. Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch KMnO4.B. Cho AgNO3 vo dung dch CuCl2.

C. Cho dung dch Na2S2O3 vo dung dch H2SO4 long.D. Nh t t ti d dung dch Ba(OH)2 vo dung dch Al2(SO4)3.

Cu 39: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:(1) Th mt vin Fe vo dung dch HCl. (2) Th mt vin Fe vo dung dch Cu(NO3)2.(3) Th mt vin Fe vo dung dch FeCl3. (4) Ni mt dy Ni vi mt dy Fe ri trong

khng khm.(5) t mt dy Fe trong bnh kn cha y kh O2.(6) Th mt vin Fe vo dung dch cha ng thi CuSO4 v H2SO4 long.

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Trong cc th nghim trn th th nghim m Fe khng bn mn in ha hc l:A. (2), (3), (4), (6). B. (1), (3), (4), (5). C. (2), (4), (6). D. (1), (3), (5).- Phi c 2 kim loi khc cht ng vai tr nh 2 in cc.- Cc in cc phi tip xc vi nhau ( hoc trc tip hoc gin tip qua dy dn )- Cc in cc cng tip xc vi mt dung dch in li

Cu 40: Dy cc kim loi u c thiu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch mui ca chng (viin cc tr) l:

A. Ni, Cu, Ag, Pb. B. Fe, Al, Cu, Ag. C. Mg, Sn, Na, Ni. D. Ba, Mg, Pb, Sn.

B. PHN RING: Th sinh chc chn lm 1 trong 2 phn (Phn I hoc Phn II)Phn I. Theo chng trnh Chun (10 cu: Tcu 41 n cu 50)

Cu 41: Cho hn hp X gm Pb v Sn tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long d, sinh ra 0,08 mol NO(sn phm kh duy nht). Mt khc, nu cho ton b lng X trn phn ng vi lng d dung dch NaOHc nng, th khi kt thc cc phn ng thu c V lt H2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V l

A. 5,376. B. 1,792. C. 2,688. D. 3,944.- V rng axit l long, mt khc s oxh c trng tn ti ph bin ca thic v ch (lng tnh) l 2; cn

Titan=4; nn gc NO3-b kh khng su (ti NO), nu axit c tnh Oxh mnh th dt khot thic s ln 4,

trong khi ch vn 2 (do s oxh 4 rt km bn).- Do l, p vi kim c 2 cng ch nhng 2mol electron.

- Th nn H2=3

2NO=0,12 Chn C.

Cu 42: Cho dy cc cht: C2H5COOH (1), CH3CHClCOOH (2), CH2ClCH2COOH (3), CH2ClCOOH (4),CH2FCOOH (5). Dy cc cht sp xp theo th t lc axit gim dn t tri sang phi l:

A. (5), (4), (2), (3), (1). B. (1), (3), (2), (4), (5). C. (5), (2), (4), (3), (1). D. (4), (5), (3), (2), (1).- Mi ngi nhth t sau y, gim dn tnh axit: amino axit; axit, phenol, nc, ru, este, (anehit,

xeton, ete, hidrocacbon); t este tri ta cn phi da vo tnh cht vt l v mc tan hay tn ti ca n.- Ring v axit, c mt s ngoi l: HCOOH> acid acrylic, metacrylic (dng iu ch thy tinh plexi-hu

c) > acid trong dy ng ng vi acid fomic. C s C tng th kh nng tan gim v nhit si tng, gimnhit ha rn (ng c).

- 4 ru u v 4 acid u trong dy n no tan v hn trong nc.- Cht phn cc tan trong dung mi phn cc v ngc li, cht khng cc tan trong dung mi khng

cc. V th c bi ton t ra l nhn bit SO2 v C2H4 khi b vo nc brom trong dung mi cacbontetraclorido (CCl4), ta s nhn bit c C2H4 do to dung dch khng ng nht (tch lp).

- Vi bi ny c Halogen, nguyn tc nh sau: gn phi t (anion X-) c m in cng ln-trong cngphn nhm chnh A (nu xt cho chu k ta s xt n i lc electron) th tnh axit cng tng, mnh hn nakhi cng gn gn so vi chc COOH do lm tng phn cc acid ca n cacboxyl ny v rng lm gim di lin kt-tng bi lin kt cng nh lm tng nng lng lin kt. Th nn, 5 l mnh nht do F min mnh; 4>2 do mch C ca 4 ngn hn 2. V cht li, 1 khng c halogen nn thit thi, b mn nht.

Cu 43: Th t t tri sang phi ca mt s cp oxi ha - kh trong dy in ha nh sau: Mg2+/Mg;Al

3+/Al; Cr

2+/Cr; Zn

2+/Zn; Fe

2+/Fe; Cu

2+/Cu. Dy ch gm cc kim loi tc dng c vi Zn2+ trong dung

dch lA. Al, Fe, Cu. B. Cr, Fe, Cu. C. Mg, Al, Cr. D. Mg, Al, Zn.- Ci ny bn c phi thuc nhiu hn l t duy, do dy thin cc l Mg, Al, Mn, Cr, Zn. Nu bi

mun gy kh khn c th hi thm v Cr3+/Cr2+.- C kinh nghim ny xin chia s, lc trc i thi hay gp: HBr tnh kh cha mnh tc dng Fe3+,

Sn2+

tc dng c vi Fe3+, H2SO4 li kh c th oxh c HCl ra kh

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Cu 44:t chy hon ton a mol hn hp X gm hai anehit, thu c a mol H2O. Cng thc ca haianehit c th l:

A. HCHO v OHC-CH2-CHO. B. HCHO v CHC-CHO. C. OHC-CHO v CH3CHO. D.CH3CHO v CHC-CHO.

- Cu ny i khi cc bn li t lm kh mnh, lc no cng nhs H, C, O trung bnh = k nh. y,k=2. Chn B, ni 3 u mch v nhm chc An, hi v phn ng vi Ag2O hoc nc Fehling (ng 2hidroxit trong mi trng kim th kh thch th).

- Bonus: cc ank-1-in hay ng ng vi axetilen thm ch l vinylaxetilen p vi AgNO3/NH3 th chokt ta vng do th H ni 3 u mch bi Ag. Phn ng ca ru c nhiu chc hidroxit k cn cho phcmu xanh lam, to kt ta gch vi nc Fehling l an c tnh kh.

- Thuc th cho ru: CuO (bc 1 b oxh ra anehit hoc axit, bc 2 b oxh ra xeton, bc 3 th khng);thuc th Lucas: HCl c trong ZnCl2 khan: lu mi vn c cht t, c ngay v ch c hin tng g.

- Protit (peptit t 2 lin kt peptit tri- mt 2 phn t nc): c mu c trng vi HNO3 l mu vng,vi Cu(OH)2 l mu tm xanh (p mu Biure)Cu 45: Mt hp cht X cha 3 nguyn t C, H, O c t l khi lng mC : mH : mO = 48 : 5 : 8. Hp cht Xc cng thc n gin nht trng vi cng thc phn t. Sng phn cu to thuc loi ancol thm ngvi cng thc phn t ca X l:

A. 4. B. 5. C. 3. D. 6.- D tnh n l C8H10O. Gm ancol:5 (2 ci thng mch ht, 3 ci v tr nhm chc nh ch trn vng

benzene-o,m,p); ete: 2; phenol: 4. Vy chn B.Cu 46: Trng hp no sau y khng c phn ng ha hc xy ra?

A. Sc kh H2S vo dung dch MgCl2. B. Sc kh H2S vo dung dch CuCl2.C. Cho Cu vo dung dch cha NaNO3 v H2SO4 long. D. Cho dung dch HCl vo dung dch

Fe(NO3)2.

- Cu ny rt hay, cc bn nhk ci ny: mui Mg v Mn sunfit cc k km bn phn hy ngay v coinh khng tn ti.

- Bonus: Mg(OH)2 b ha tan trong NH4Cl do c s chuyn ha qua li, tng h.

Cu 47: Cho dy cc hiroxit: Zn(OH)2, Cu(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, Al(OH)3, Ni(OH)2. S hiroxit trong dy tanc trong dung dch NH3 dl:

A. 2. B. 4. C. 5. D. 3.- Nc Svayde to ra t Cu(OH)2 + NH3 +H2O= [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 ha tan c cenlulose.- Zn(OH)2, Al(OH)3 lng tnh.

- Mrng (ch mang tnh tham kho): Fe(OH)3, Cu(OH)2 tan c trong kim c nng chy.

Cu 48: Cho cc pht biu sau:(a) Mantozb thy phn trong dung dch kim long, un nng to thnh glucoz.(b) Dung dch glucozkhng lm mt mu nc brom.

(c) Glucoz, mantozv fructozu tham gia phn ng trng bc.(d) Amilopectin c cu trc mng li khng gian.(e) Xenlulozkhng phn ng vi Cu(OH)2.(g) H tinh bt tc dng vi I2 to ra sn phm c mu xanh tm.

S pht biu ng l:A. 5. B. 3 C. 4. D. 2.- Gm c & g. Cc ch sai c in m. p n D.

Cu 49: S tripeptit mch hti a thu c t hn hp ch gm glyxin v alanin l:

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A. 8. B. 6. C. 9. D. 4.- C 2

3=8. A

Cu 50: Cho m gam bt Fe vo 50 ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 1M, sau phn ng thu c dung dch X v 4,88gam cht rn Y. Cho 4,55 gam bt Zn vo dung dch X, kt thc phn ng thu c 4,1 gam cht rn Z vdung dch cha mt mui duy nht. Gi tr ca m l

A. 4,48. B. 2,80. C. 5,60. D. 8,40.- Nu Fe ht hoc Cu(NO3)2 ht th ch phi hi m lm g. Th nn, trong X va c Cu

2+v Fe

2+. Hay ni

cch khc nu 4,88 gam l Cu th khc 0,05 mol ban u.- Gi x l s mol Fe p th tng 8x gam m+8x=4,88 (1)- Phn ng 0,07mol Zn vi X m ch thu 1 mui chng t Cu2+ v Fe2+ ht sch. Th nn Zn cn d l

0,02. Vy trong rn Z c 2,8 gam Cu, Fe to thnh, l 56x+64(0,05-x)=2,8 8x=0,4. Thay vo (1) tac m=4,48.Phn II. Theo chng trnh Nng cao (10 cu: Tcu 51 n cu 60)Cu 51: Cho siu ch ancol etylic t tinh bt:

Tinh bt0

2H O H t/ ,

++ Glucoz

0menancol t, Ancol etylic

Ln men 3,24 kg tinh bt vi hiu sut cc giai on ln lt l 75% v 80%. Th tch dung dch ancoletylic 20

0thu c l (bit khi lng ring ca ancol etylic nguyn cht l 0,8 gam/ml):

A. 3,45 lt. B. 19,17 lt. C. 6,90 lt. D. 9,58 lt.

- Th tch thc (nguyn cht): V=0,02 2 0,75 0,8 46

1,380,8

m

D

= = . Chia cho 0,2 ( ru) ta c th

tch thu c.Cu 52:nh hng ca gc C6H5- n nhm -OH trong phn t phenol th hin qua phn ng gia phenolvi:

A. Br2 trong H2O. B. dung dch H2SO4 c. C. H2 (xc tc: Ni, nung nng). D.dung dch NaOH.Cu 53: Cho cc chuyn ha sau:

(1) CH3CH2BrKCN+ X1

02H O H t/ ,

++ X2

(2) CH3-CH=CH2HBr+ Y1

Mg

khanete

+ Y2

Cc cht hu cX1, X2, Y1, Y2 l cc sn phm chnh. Hai cht X2 v Y2 ln lt l:A. CH3CH2COOH v CH3CH(MgBr)CH3. B. CH3COOH v CH3CH(MgBr)CH3.C. CH3CH2COOH v CH3CH2CH2MgBr. D. CH3COOH v CH3CH2CH2MgBr.- C2H5CN thy phn trong H3

+O ra axit hu cv HCN.

- Phn ng 2 l phn ng ckim: p dng qui tc cng MCC l phn mang in dng cng vo C cbc thp hn (nhiu H hn) v ngc li. Nn ta loi c C, D. Vy chn A.

Cu 54: Hp cht hu cX (mch h, khng phn nhnh) c cng thc phn t C4H8O2. Cht X tham giaphn ng trng bc. Sng phn cu to ph hp vi iu kin trn ca X l:

A. 6. B. 10. C. 7. D. 5.- 2 axit v 4 este.

Cu 55: Cho sut in ng chun ca cc pin in ha: 0 0 0X-Y X-Z Y-T

E =0,18V; E =0,30V; E =0,13V (X, Y, Z, T

l bn kim loi). Khng nh no sau y l ng?A. Sut in ng chun ca pin in ha Y - Z l 0,48V. B. Trong cc pin in ha: Y-Z, X-Y, Y-T

th Y u b oxi ha.C. Tnh kh gim dn t tri sang phi theo dy: X, Z, Y, T. D. Sut in ng chun ca pin in

ha X - T l 0,31V.

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- Sut in ng chun ca pin in ha Y - Z l 0,12V.- Ch c pin X-Y th Y mi b oxh do ng vai tr l cc kh.- Thin cc cng dng tnh Oxh cng mnh. Suy ra X c tnh kh yu nht.

Cu 56: Cho 9,55 gam hn hp gm Mg, Al v Zn tc dng va vi 870 ml dung dch HNO3 1M, thuc dung dch cha m gam mui v 0,06 mol hn hp kh N2 v N2O. T khi ca hn hp kh so vi H2 l20,667. Gi tr ca m l

A. 54,95 B. 42,55 C. 40,55 D. 42,95- Gii ra c s mol N2=0,01; N2O=0,05. Ta bo ton N thy rng n khng tha mn bng vi lng

HNO3 dng va . Thnh ra chc chn c mui NH4NO3: a mol.- Ta c h: HNO3= N mi trng (=ne trao i) + N (sp kh) 0,87 0,01 10 0,05 8 8 0,06 2 2 0,025 9,55 0,7 62 0,025 80 54,95x x x m= + + + + = = + + =

Cu 57: Ha tan ht 2,72 gam hn hp X gm FeS2, FeS, Fe, CuS v Cu trong 500 ml dung d ch HNO3 1M,sau khi kt thc cc phn ng thu c dung dch Y v 0,07 mol mt cht kh thot ra. Cho Y tc dng vilng d dung dch BaCl2 thu c 4,66 gam kt ta. Mt khc, dung dch Y c th ha tan ti a m gamCu. Bit trong cc qu trnh trn, sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5 l NO. Gi tr ca m l

A. 5,92 B. 4,96 C. 9,76 D. 9,12

- Tnh ra Fe=0,02; Cu=0,015, S=0,02. Th th s mol HNO3 dng l 0,024+0, 015 8

3

= 0,12; cn

thnh phn S coi nh ch tng tc m ch cy da vo mi trng to ra SO42-

. Th th HNO3 d=0,38,cng vi Fe3+=0,02; bn phn ng ca Cu vi HNO3. Tnh ra Cu=0,1525.Cu 58: Cho s chuyn ha:

Cr0S t,+X 2

H O+ Y 2

Br dung NaOHdch+ + Z

Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt lA. Cr2S3, Cr(OH)3, Na2Cr2O7. B. Cr2S3, Cr(OH)3, Na2CrO4.C. CrS, Cr(OH)2, NaCrO2 (hay Na[Cr(OH)4]). D. CrS, Cr(OH)2, Na2Cr2O7.- Khng tn ti hay ni cch khc mui CrS c tch s tan cc thp nn ch bao gitc dng vi H2O.- C cn bng: Cr2O7

2-+ H2O=2CrO4

2-+2H

+, th th b v kim n phi to ra CrO4

2-.

Cu 59: Cho 200 ml dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M tc dng ht vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M, thu c

dung dch X. Bit 250C, Ka ca CH3COOH l4 75

10, , b qua s phn li ca H2O. Gi tr pH ca dung dch

X 250C l:A. 8,95 B. 12,30 C. 1,69 D. 12,00- 0,01mol NaOH d, [OH]=0,02. pOH=-lg[OH]=1,7. Do chn B.

Cu 60:t chy hon ton hn hp X gm hai amin n chc X1, X2 (u bc I, cng s nguyn tcacbon trong phn t, X1 l amin no, mch hv phn t X1 nhiu hn phn t X2 hai nguyn t H) thuc 0,1 mol CO2. Mt khc, cho ton b lng X trn tc dng ht vi HNO2, sinh ra 0,05 mol N2. Khngnh no sau y l sai?

A. Lc bazca X2 ln hn lc bazca X1.B. Trong phn t X2 c 7 lin kt v 1 lin kt .C. X2 phn ng vi HNO2 cho sn phm hu ctham gia phn ng trng bc.D. X1 v X2u c hai nguyn t cacbon trong phn t.- C 2 u n chc, cng s C, bc 1 (NH2), X1 nhiu hn phn t X2 2 nguyn t H. Phn ng: R- NH2

+ HNO2= Ancol + N2 + H2O

- Th nn, c 2C. X1 l C2H5NH2; X2 l C2H3NH2. X2 cho anehit, X2 c 7 lin kt v 1 lin kt .

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- Vy A sai chc c, v n c lin kt lm tng tnh k nc, tng tnh axit, tng kh nng ht e lmgim lc base.

---------------------------------------- ----------- HT ----------

- Mi chi tit xin lin h: 0989.769.577 hoc gi mail qua [email protected] Facebook: facebook.com/tm240894 hoc tm tn: Phm Ngc Thch.- Tn trng sc sng to v cng nng ngi khc chnh l lc bn ang hon thnh o c ngh

nghip.- Sp ti mnh s tip tc cho ra nhng a con tinh thn chun b cho k thi H 2013 cam go sp n.

- Thn cho v chc sc khe.

-Phm Ngc Thch

Giai de Vinh - Năm 2013

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