GHSGT Review

GHSGT ReviewNature of Science

04/22/2023 Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 2

Content Covered on Test• Domain 1: Cells and Heredity- 25% of

test• Domain 2: Ecology- 17% of test• Domain 3: Structure and Properties

of Matter- 26% of test• Domain 4: Energy Transformations-

16% of test


Hints to help you succeed• READ EVERYTHING CAREFULLY-

many questions involve diagrams, pictures, tables, charts and graphs; Read all answer choices carefully before selecting the best answer!

• THERE ARE NO TRICK QUESTIONS- Remember that each question has only ONE answer that the experts agree is the correct answer. However, you may be looking for the BEST answer!! If so, BEST ANSWER will be emphasized in question!


Hints to help you Succeed• CONSIDER EVERY CHOICE- Some

alternate choices (distractors) will be attractive because they contain an irrelevant detail, a common misconception or apply the right information the wrong way. Don’t be fooled by these!

• GUESS INTELLIGENTLY- there is no penalty for guessing. If you aren’t certain of the answer, reread the material. Eliminate one or more of the distractors


Hints to help you succeed• SPEND TEST TIME WISELY-These

questions are mixed in such a way that you may see “easy” questions and then “hard” questions. If you come to a few hard questions, don’t get discouraged. It is better to move on, answer as many questions as you can, and then come back to the harder ones.

• CHECK YOUR ANSWERS- There are always careless errors that you can make


Ask yourself these questions!

1. Did I read the question carefully?2. Am I on the correct question number

in the correct section of the answer booklet?

3. Is this the answer I intended to mark?


Thinking Scientifically• Scientific Inquiry: process of asking

meaningful questions and seeking answers to those questions

• Open-mindedness: willingness to consider and accept new ideas and explanations

• Differing perspectives: can lead you to interpret data in different ways

• Ethics: obligation to follow using certain methods and record data accurately


Lesson ReviewYou conduct an experiment and find that your data do not support your hypothesis. What should you do?

a. Change the data to support hypothesis

b. Report the data and conclusion honestly

c. Change the hypothesis so that it is right

d. Change both the data and hypothesis

What is the most important reason that a scientist should publish the results of an experiment?

a. To prevent other scientists from wasting their time

b. To allow others to view and check their work

c. To ensure that credit is given to the first scientist


Lab Safety• Never work in area without teacher• Notify teacher immediately of problems• Follow instructions exactly as written• Always wear safety equipment• Never smell items directly• Never eat or drink anything in lab area• Tilt or point test tubes away from the body

when heating• Always label containers before adding to

them• Clean up after yourselves!


Lesson ReviewYou are using a

scalpel to do a dissection. You should ___.

a. Wear heat-resistant gloves

b. Cut toward your body

c. Cut away from body

d. Hold specimen with tongs

You are heating a substance in a test tube over a Bunsen burner. While heating the material you should ___.

a. Smell fumes given offb. Point test tube away

from self and othersc. Put a stopper in the

test tubed. Discuss the results

with your lab partner


Solving Scientific Problems

Asking good questions- should be precise and MEASURABLE

Hypothesis- Should be in “If…then” format

Experiment- should be controlled

Observations- may be qualitative (descriptive) or quantitative (numerical)


Analyzing Data- Drawing Conclusions

• Once collected, it should be analyzed or interpreted.

• Once analyzed, conclusions should be drawn


Lesson ReviewWhich of the following is

the BEST example of a scientific question?

a. Does a slice of pizza have more fat than a serving of green beans?

b. Does pizza taste better than green beans?

c. Is pepperoni a better pizza topping than mushrooms?

What does an experiment test?

a. A conclusionb. A hypothesisc. An observationd. A control


Planning Investigations• Variable- factor that can affect the

outcome of the experiment• Independent variable- purposely

changed during experiment (what you are testing)

• Dependent variable- changes in response (what you are measuring)

Question Independent Variable

Dependent Variable

How does salt affect water’s freezing point?

Amount of salt in water

Freezing temperature

Which fertilizer grows the largest apples?

Type of fertilizer Mass of apples


Using Controls• Experimental group- test group• Control group- no change is made;

used for comparison reasons only

Control Group Experimental group

Testing how salt affects freezing point

Plain water Water with salt

Testing which fertilizer grows largest apples

Apple tree that receives no fertilizer

Apple tree that receives fertilizer


Lesson ReviewA student wants to test the hypothesis that

plant need soil to grow. The control group in the experimental contains the test group in which no change is made in the independent variable. What is the independent variable in the experiment?

a. Air temperatureb. Amount of waterc. Amount of lightd. Presence of soil


Lesson Review• Jasmine wants to study which variables affect the

chirping rates of crickets. She will be measuring the number of chirps per minute. Which two groups could she use as part of a good experimental design? Assume that any variables not mentioned in the chart are kept the same from group to group.Variable Group 1 Group 2 Group 3

Number of crickets

6 6 6

Amount of food

8.5 g 2.8 g 8.5 g

Size of enclosure

0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m

Temperature

1degree C 4 degree C 4 degree C


Organizing, Comparing and Analyzing Data

• Data tables• Circle graphs• Bar graphs• Line graphs


Lesson Review• Same examines the

cell of a protist with a compound microscope. Which visual display can Sam best use to record what he observes?

a. Data tableb. Labeled sketchc. Line graphd. Circle graph

Daniella records how much of a certain chemical dissolves in 100 grams of water at different temperatures. Her data are shown below.

Based on these data, how many grams of the chemical are likely to dissolve at 80oC?a. 7.0 g c. 70 gb. 7.2 g d. 72 g

0oC/24g 20oC/36g

40oC/48g

10oC/30 g

30oC/42 g

50oC/54g


Lesson ReviewThe graph shows how velocity changes with time.

Which mathematical relationship is shown in the graph?a. As time increases,

velocity decreasesb. As time decreases,

velocity is unchangedc. As time increases,

velocity increasesd. There is no obvious

mathematical relationship


Lesson ReviewA student records data regarding the effect of temperature on pressure inside a bottle. The student then displays his data in the line graph shown.

Which statement best explains the relationship shown in the graph?a. Pressure increases as

temperature increasesb. Pressure decreases as

temperature increasesc. Temperature decreases as

pressure increasesd. You cannot determine the

relationship from the graph


Lesson ReviewAn explanation of the

data that tells what relationship exists between the variables in an investigation is a/an ___.

a. Hypothesisb. Scientific lawc. Biasd. conclusion

Which is the best definition for the word theory?

a. An idea that an experiment has proven to be true

b. Conclusions of an experiment that have been rechecked

c. A hypothesis that is supported by many experiments

d. A proven fact that can never be changed by future experiments


Universal principlesEstimation- approximate measurementSources of error- errors lead to

incorrect calculations! Measure and calculate carefully!!


Lesson ReviewA scientist has an idea

about the eating habits of a certain type of turtle. He has described his idea to other scientists and they strongly disagree. What should he do next?

a. Conduct experiments that may support his idea

b. Publish his ideas and ask others to comment

c. Accept the views of the other scientists

d. Try to find others who believe him

The drawing shows a liquid in a graduated cylinder. Which of the following most accurately represents the volume of the liquid?

a. 50 mLb. 45.1 mLc. 44 mLd. 43.0 mL

GHSGT Review

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