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THE ARTICLE
1.Fill in the blanks with articles wherever necessarya) 1.
During their holidays they went on cruise on Black Sea and
Mediterranean. 2. They made calls at ports, in Turkey, Greece, and
Italy. 3.
Then they made trip to Moldavia and Transylvania. 4. In Cluj
they put upat Transilvania Hotel. 5. In lobby of hotel there was a
newsstand were allkinds of newspapers were on sale. 6. In Cluj they
met very lovely Englishfamily Browns who were spending
theirholidays visiting Romania. 7. They alsomade trip to
Carpathians. 8. Danube is large river in Europe. 9. It risesin
Germany, crosses Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania , and it
thenflows into Black Sea. 10. English as spoken by English is
somewhat differentfrom that spoken by Americans. 11. Bucharest is
capital of Romania.b) 1. iron is hard metal. 2. ink is used for
writing. 3. wheat is cereal. 4. ink in my inkpot is blue. 5. Strike
iron while it is hot. 6. In winter waterfreezes into ice. 7. He was
first to break ice. 8. coin is made of silver.
9. speech is silver but silence is gold.c) 1. He goes to bed
very late at night. 2. bed is in bedroom. 3. goodswere taken to
market. 4. We are in market for synthetic fibres and yarns. 5. ship
left harbour. 6. They were in town. 7. We went for walk outside
town. 8. children often take walk after school. 9. Opposite school
there is library.d) 1. We have breakfast at 7 oclock. 2. lunch
costs me 20 cents. 3. supper is in basket. 4. We are allowed hour
for dinner.e) 1. In spring trees burst into blossom. 2. If winter
comes can spring befar behind? 3. One swallow does not make summer.
4. autumn is season of ripe fruit and grain crops.
f) 1. owl sleeps by day. 2. We have lunch at noon. 3. They set
out at midnight. 4. In morning you must hurry otherwise you may be
late for school. 5. night was setting in. 6. He studied night after
night.g) 1. Who is at fault? 2. goods are stowed on deck. 3. You
can reach placeby bus. 4. Put all these on paper. 5. wares are
loaded on board.
2.Fill in the blanks with definite or indefinite articlesa) 1.
He sold apples by pound. 2. They rent house by year. 3. eggs
arebought by dozen. 4. They are paid by day. 5. cloth is sold by
yard.b) 1. poor live in squalid houses. 2. sick must get medical
attendance. 3. richseldom care for needy. 4. unemployed received
unemployment benefits.
c) 1. Who was first to arrive? 2. George was last who came in
time for beginning of lecture. 3. others were late and did not
attend it. 4. dog is useful animal. 5. third chapter of novel is
most interesting. 6. He is younger of two. 7. Do you play violin?
8. whale is mammal. 9. earthmoves round sun.d) 1. He is teacher
while his wife is economist. 2. My brother is engineer. 3. Iopened
door and saw stranger. 4.There is book on table. 5. He became
turner.
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e) 1. What nice present they gave you! 2. What idea! 3. What
interesting bookhe wrote! 4. He showed me such amusing magazine. 5.
This is rather surprisingresult. 6. rather unexpected answer has
been received. 7. They have quite nicehouse. 8. She is not so good
student as you. 9. Many man would be glad tohave such
opportunity.
f) 1. They are of age. 2. You can see it at glance. 3. stitch in
time saves nine.3. Translate into English the following sentences
using phrases given at the end of theexercise, paying attention to
the use of indefinite articles
1. Ca rsplatpentru silina lor studenii foarte buni pleac n
tabere i excursii. 2.Tabloul se vede mai bine de la distan. 3.
Vorbete tare ca s te pot auzi. 4. El estetotdeauna grbit. 5. Copii
au nceput s-l ndrgeascpe vrul lor. 6. Nu face atta cazde fleacuri.
7. E pcat s-i iroseti timpul cu astfel de chestiuni. 8. n vederea
realizriiacestui plan au fost alocate sume importante. 9. n medie
sunt 20 de studeni ntr-ogrup. 10. Am avut prilejul s vd multe
peisaje frumoase n cursul excursiei.to have an opportunity; at a
distance; as a reward; in a loud voice; to be in a hurry; to
take a fancy to; to make a fuss; its a pity; with a view to; on
an average.4. Translate into English using the phrases given at the
end of the exercise paying attentionto the use of definite
articles
1. Deocamdat nu putem da un rspuns definitiv la scrisoarea
clientului. 2. Ei vor reuin cele din urm s obin rezultatul dorit.
3. Trebuie s le rspundei cel mai trziu pnla 1 octombrie. 4. n Marea
Britanie circulaia se face pe stnga i nu pe dreapta. 5. Pede o
parte va trebui s acordm o atenie sporit gramaticii iar pe de
altparte foneticii.6. Dimineaa lum micul dejun la ora 7. 7. Ei vor
petrece cteva sptmni la ar. 8. Peansamblu rezultatele obinute sunt
mai bune. 9. La drept vorbind el are dreptate. 10. nsituaia dat nu
putem accepta comanda. 11. Aceast metod a trecut proba timpului.for
the time being; in the long run; at the latest; to the left (right)
side of the road; onthe one hand; on the other hand; on the whole;
in the morning; in the country; on thewhole; to tell the truth;
under the circumstances; to stand the test.
5.Place the definite article in each sentence in the right
place1. I have read article in todays newspaper. 2. All guests left
early. 3. I have read both ofbooks you mentioned. 4. Quite best
thing for you is to study medicine. 5. Half bottle wasempty. 6. We
paid double value. 7. Whole garden was in bloom.
6.Place the indefinite article in each sentence in the right
place1. He has worked there for whole week. 2. Such beautiful tree
should be protected. 3. Itwas too difficult task to be performed in
short time. 4. I bought half basket of nuts. 5. Wehave read quite
number of plays by Shaw. 6. What beautiful performance. 7. Such
storm isvery seldom met in those areas.
7.Answer the following questions paying attention to the use of
articles1. Where does the Danube rise? 2. What countries does it
cross? 3. What sea does it flowinto? 4. What important tributaries
has the Danube in our country? 5. What foreignlanguages did you
learn in high school? 6. What is the capital of Holland? 7. What
rangeof mountains crosses our country? 8. Mention some mountain
peaks in our country.
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8.Make sentences according to the model using the following
phrases:by car, by mail, bytrain, by phone, by plane, by bus, by
motor vessel, by boat, by steamer, by radio.Model: I sent the
letter by air mail.
9.Make up sentences with one of the nouns given below used as
part of a nominal predicate.Mind the use of the indefinite
articleModel: I am a teacherPhysician, composer, bricklayer,
research worker, student, driver, turner, economist,accountant,
engineer.
10.Make up sentences with the words or phrases from the list
given below, minding the use ofthe definite article.
Model: He is in the classroomAt the blackboard, at the map, at
the door, at the window, by the fireplace, near the desk,at the
university, to break the ice, to take the trouble, to tell the
time.
11. Turn into the singular. Mind the use of articles1. Horses
are useful animals. 2. Sparrows are birds. 3. Empty bags cannot
stand upright. 4.Blind men will not thank you for looking-glasses.
5. Warm evenings may be followed bycold mornings.
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THE NOUN
1. State the simple and compound nouns in the list below:
country; classroom, conference; blackboard; laboratory; doorway;
afternoon;newcomer; lecture; weekend; day flight; sister-in-law;
highway; freedom; friendship;department; passer-by; welcome;
faculty; merry-go-round; forget-me-not; flower;threshold; sunshine;
agency; wireless; butterfly; windmill; looker-on; record
drawback;statesman; cars; penknife.
2. State how the nouns below are formed: (convertion;
contraction; abbreviation; affixation;deflexion)Romanian; driver;
the Pacific; UNO; outlaw; song; expectation; native; the present;
failure;car; loss; white; translator; pen; HP; suggestion; the
Mediterranean; bus; building; theancients; the moderns; writing;
captain; enlargement; gvt; guidance; the poor; the rich; exam;
Dr; strength; ad; self-administration; vac; superstructure;
breadth; co-partner.3.Form sentences according to the model,
choosing the appropriate noun in column two:e.g. A Romanian is a
native of Romania.Frenchman EnglandItalian FinlandEnglishman
JapanGreek ItalyFinn ChinaSpaniard EgyptBelgian Poland
Dane GreecePole FrancePortuguese BelgiumSwede DenmarkChinese
SpainEgyptian SwedenJapanese Portugal
4.Make up sentences according to the model, choosing the
appropriate noun in column two:e.g. The language spoken by the
people of England is EnglishRomania IndianDenmark BulgarianFrance
ChineseGermany TurkishHolland PortugueseNorway FrenchPoland
GermanPortugal RomanianBulgaria DanishTurkey Dutch
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India NorwegianChina Polish
5.Attach the appropriate prefixes (b) to the following nouns
(a)a) father; offer; management; structure; president; print;
title; neutron; arrangement;
postulation; shore; mobility; action, summer; intervention;
realism; suppositon;rector; afforestation; seller.b) self-; mis-;
dis-; in-; pre-; under-; counter; vice-; anti-; im-; neo-; re-;
co-; super-;sub-; fore-; non-; pro-; mid-; ex-.
6.Attach the appropriate suffixes (b) to the following words
(a)a) write; debt; pay; engine; percent; utter; prefer; tend;
examine; free; child; host;real; book; English; improve; great;
friend; depart; leaf.b)ee; -ance; -ation; -ess; -man; -ship; -or;
-age; -ency; -hood; -let; -ness; -ure; -er;-cer; -ence; -dom; -ism;
-ment.
7. Transform the underlined prepositional phrases into
juxtaposed nounse.g. a hostelfor students a student hostela
coursefor the summera collector of stampsa campfor childrena
teacher of foreign languagesa shelffor booka tablefor writinga
singer of pop musican enthusiastfor sportsa sattelite of the
earth
8.Form nouns with the following roots:man; read; kind; drive;
broad; long; young; free; high; active; boy; useful; possible;act;
girl; warm; fellow; good; secretary; author.
9.Answer these questions by changing the verbs into derived
nouns. (Make all the othernecessary changes as in the model)
e.g. Do youprefer spring or autumn?I have nopreference for
either.1. Can yousuggest a way out of this trouble?2. Does he
intend to tell her the truth?3. Can you describe him the rules of
the game?4. Can they achieve such a goal?5. Have you informed them
about the trip?6. Can you examine all these students today?7. Can
heguide the group to the forest?
10. Give the abstract nouns of:partner; child; to fail; clean;
noise; humid; to discover; proud; to know; long; toexpend;
craftsman; to register; illiterate; friend; to lose; to deliver;
supreme; to
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perform; apprentice.
11. Change the underlined nouns into the plural. Make the other
necessary changes1. Theprice or this item has gone down. 2. We like
the cloth you produce. 3. OurEnglish teacher is very young. 4. What
a beautiful bush grows at your entrance door!
5. Ajudge is always impartial. 6. The blackboard is not clean.
7. Lets hurry; the busis in the station! 8. There is a shortage in
one box. 9. The Danube flows on theterritory of our country. 10. My
life has changed in the last years. 11. This newfactoryproduces
modern equipment. 12. This class was very interesting. 13. The
conference isheld on Monday. 14. The roof of that house is damaged.
16. The goods are left on thewharf. 17. We had lunch together. 18.
This is not a toy! 19. This library is wellsupplied.20. I shall go
along thispath.
12. Write the plural of the following nouns according to the
models (A) and/or (B) arrangingthem on two colums:potato; photo;
soprano; tomato; solo; echo; Negro; casino; hero; concerto;
mosquito;
volcano; motto; studio; salvo; portfolio; grotto.(A) cargo
cargoes (B) piano pianos
13.Make up sentences with the nouns given below according to the
model:She knows that the plural of crisis is crises.basis;
phenomenon; erratum; hippopotamus; formula; bureau; series;
analysis;bacterium; datum; oasis; minimum; thesis; stadium;
species; criterion; genius; addendum;memorandum; gymnasium;
sanatorium.
14. Give the singular of the following nouns:children; allies;
brethren; shelves; mice; buses; women; men; flies; dashes; geese;
feet;lunches; cups; teeth; mouths; countries; oxen; classes;
loaves; dice; gulfs; wharves.
15. Turn the following sentences into the plural making all the
necessary changes:1. As a student you should wait for your teacher
in the classroom. 2. I am looking atthe blackboard in front of me.
3. The white butterfly is dangerous for the cabbagecrop. 4. My
school mate is a brilliant person. 5. This goods train must arrive
in time. 6.The passerby has stopped in front of the beautifully
dressed shopwindow. 7. Hersister-in-law is a pleasant woman. 8. My
daughter enjoys looking at a merry-go-round.9. A forget-me-not is a
blue, delicate flower. 10. There is a finger post at the corner
ofthis street. 11. This sportsman has been awarded a gold medal.
12. I think that I havelost at least one penknife in my life. 13.
His fellow-traveller had a good knowledge ofthe event. 14. She
prefers being examined by a woman doctor. 15. This shoolmaster isa
person of broad experience. 16. They hoped that there was at least
one on-looker. 17.That person in front of the shopwindow seems
interested in our grods.
16. Translate the following sentences into Romanian paying
attention to the differentmeanings of the plural form
1. I like her paintings because of their light colours.2. They
have been waiting for the two presidents with colours flying.3. His
opinion was that the compasses were out of order.
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4. He received a pair of compasses as a birthday present.5. The
Bank of England preserved many of its old customs.6. You have to
pay customs duties for these items.7. In that case the damages were
very serious.8. As the company was insured it received important
damages.
9. Dont be so impressed because of some stage effects!10. The
personal effects are duty free.11. TheLetters of Credit should
arrive in time.12. He is a famous man of letters.13. I have been
waiting for you for more than 10 minutes.14. One of us should write
down the minutes of our meeting.15. They started from
goodpremises.16. We shall meet on thepremises of our company.17.
His life covered three quarters of the century.18. I think that I
shall shift my quarters.19. We have received the receipts in good
time.
20. Their company obtained important receipts for its sales.21.
The gross returns are very important this year.22. During the first
two terms of the year they met several times for discussing.23. You
should not try to reckon your happiness in terms of wordly
success.
17. A. Give the Romanian translation of the plural form of the
following nouns payingattention to their possible double
meaning
commodity; facility; glass; manner; number; pain; work; scale;
spectacle; ground.B.Practice the two possible meanings of the
plural form of the above mentioned nouns,using them in pair
sentences of your own.
18. Chose one of the two plural forms given in brackets:1. Some
time ago their companies employed a significant number of (staffs;
staves);2. One of the (staffs; staves) I bought yesterday was
broken. 3. We should replace theold (dies; dice). 4. The (dies;
dice) are cast. 5. Now we have to draw up the (indexes;indices) for
these books. 6. In this exercise there are some mistakes regarding
the(indexes; indices). 7. In the forehead and the eye the (index;
indices) of the mind doeslie. 8. For many years he lived in
different social (mediums; media). 9. Nowadays weenjoy a multitude
of mass (mediums; media). 10. The salesman showed us
various(clothes; cloths) to choose from for our dresses. 11. The
(clothes; cloths) she wears arealways very smart.
19. Translate into English:1. Iat o veste care te-ar putea
interesa. 2. Aceste veti au fost o surprizpentru el. 3.Care este
sfatul tu n aceast situaie? 4. Sfaturile bune trebuie transmise mai
departe.5. n camer nu erau prea multe mobile. 6. Cred c aceast
mobil este de calitatebun. 7. Informaiile nu sunt exacte. 8.
Informaia sosit la timp este util. 9.Cunotinele de gramatic ne sunt
foarte folositoare. 10. Toate bagajele mele au rmaspe peron. 11.
Acest bagaj este foarte greu. 12. Care sunt ultimele tiri primite
laredacie? 13. Banii sunt depui la banc. 14. Scrisorile de afaceri
bine ntocmite sunt ocerin a comerului modern. 15. Diferitele firme
ce funcioneaz sub acest nume sunt
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aproape falimentare.
20. Use the verb in brackets in the singular or plural form
(present tense) as required by thesubject1. Our faculty foot-ball
team (to play) in your town today. 2. My family (to be) on a
trip in the mountains. 3. The government of this country (to
agree) to take thenecessary steps in the problems under discussion.
4. When the audience (to be) in thehall the performance begins. 5.
Our group (to be) always the first in foreign languages.6. The
crowd (to gather) in front of the theatre door. 7. After more than
50 yearsmankind (not to forget) the horrors or WW II. 8. The crow
(to be) on board TheMures. 9. The Parliament (to be) summoned in
session. 10. People (to like) going ontrips in summer time. 11. The
cattle (to enter) the farm-yard in the evening. 12. Myfolk (to
live) in the country.
21. Choose the correct form of the verb out of the two given in
brackets:1. I can see the trout that (move / moves) among the
stones. 2. Poultry (is / are)
grown on this farm. 3. The sheep (was / were) spread all over
the field. 4. Mathematics(is / are) a very useful science. 5. The
pack of cards (was / were) lying all aroundthem. 6. Their class
(is/ are) the best in the school. 7. (Is / are) there any fish in
thisriver? 8. The foot and the horse of a country (was / were)
important in thedevelopment of historical events. 9. The means of
locomotion (was / were) old. 10. Ahuge iron works (is / are) coming
into being in our town. 12. The theatre had a corpsof ballet which
(was / were) famous. 13. No thanks (is / are) needed.
22.Arrange the following nouns on 4 columns:A: nouns which have
a pluralmentioned here in the singular (give the plural form);B:
noun which have no pluralmentioned here in the singularC: nouns
which have no singularmentioned here in the pluralD: nouns with a
different meaning in the singular mentioned here in the plural.e.g.
A B C Dday-days health politics peoplesbook; damages; fruits;
comfort; customs; cheque; cattle; auspices; payee;
aircraft;economics; fishes; quiz; epoch; headquarters; merchandise;
thanks; steels; income; story;scales; wools; produce; wages; proof;
cybernetics; sands; progress; wharf; rubbers; spectacles;half;
strength; greens; zero; happiness; ashes; costs; music; contents;
peace.
23. Translate into Romaniana bunch of flowers; a stack of wood;
a crowd of people; a series of events; a chain ofmountains; a lump
of sugar; a slice of bread; a piece of meat; a cake of soap; an
itemof news; a spell of fine weather; a flight of steps; a fleet of
ships; a team of workers.
24. Translate into English paying attention to the agreement
between subject and predicate1. Comitetul consta din 15 persoane.
2. Comitetul a ajuns la un punct de vederecomun. 3. Aceast lucrare
se adreseaz unui public larg. 4. Publicul este rugat s nufumeze n
sala de spectacol. 5. Corpul didactic era foarte numeros n
universitatea lor.6. Este de ateptat ca ntregul corp didactic s aib
o nalt calificare. 7. Progresele eila matematic sunt cu totul
remarcabile. 8. Simeam cum puterile mprseau. 9.
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Tunetele i fulgerele brzdau cerul. 10. Un fulger ne-a luminat
calea. 11. Etica sepreocup de principiile moralei. 11. Etica sa
este fr cusur. 12. Acustica studiazsunetele.13. Acustica acestei
sli nu las nimic de dorit. 14. Studenii se plimbau nparc cte unul
sau cte doi. 15. Marfa aceasta vine din Grecia.
25.Arrange the underlined nouns in the following sentences on
four columns correspondingto their gender:Model:1) Masculine 2)
Feminine 3) Common 4) Neuterman woman cousin book1. Thisstudent has
got only high marks. 2.Boys andgirls often walk together in
thepark. 3. Myfriend often writes letters to hisfather and mother,
to his brothers andsisters and even to all his other relations. 4.
I think that the author of this novel cannotbe old. 5. What a
charming actress! 6. Of the two characters in The Citadel,
thedoctor and his wife, I prefer the latter. 7. I didnt know that
hisparents were so old! 8.This bird must be either agoose or
agander. 9. Although Vanity Fair is a novel
without a hero, somepeople consider Becky as its heroine. 10.
Beginning with the15th of September this year, herson will be
apupil. 11. Pride andPrejudice is afamous novel which you should
read. 12. We shall never forget our colleagues andteachers!
26. Give the feminine corresponding to the following nouns of
the masculine gender:a) boy; son; father; brother; uncle; husband;
man; lad; tutor; bachelor; bull; dog;drone; stallion;b) actor;
ambassador; author; doctor; heir; lion; master; negro; poet;
proprietor;steward; tiger; waiter;c) administrator; director; hero;
chauffeur; prosecutor;d) grandson; male patient; airman; chairman;
cock pheasant; he-bear; clerk.
27. Give the corresponding words denoting the masculine gender
for the following nouns inthe feminine:
mayoress; protectress; shepherdess; empress; benefactress;
aviatrix; executrix;undergraduette; usherette; czarina; bride;
lady; niece; madam; witch; widow; ewe; dow;barmaid; saleswoman; hen
sparrow.
28.In the texts below insert the appropriate pronouns (he, she,
it, his, her, its) for thecorresponding gender of the nouns:
1. The sun come up upon the left.Out of the sea came (-)And (-)
shone bright, and on the rightWent down into the sea (Coleridge)2.
When sunset came we stopped in the valley waiting for the moon to
rise. At ten(-) came up beautiful and serene as ever. Suddenly we
felt that a lion came nearer:(-) dreadful roar made us shudder with
anger. We all knew that only about aquarter of a mile out lay a
boat, with (-) sails half down.(Hemingway)
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3. The brave little insect never remained there; (-) came out in
search of (-) friends.(John Lubbock).4. Great Britain is an island;
(-) capital is London.5. Romania has considerably developed (-)
trade.6. The Danube crosses the territory of our countruy; (-)
springs in Germany and
flows into the Black Sea.7. The storm unleashed in the evening;
(-) prevented us from leaving the house.8. Our friendship is a very
strong feeling; (-) will last as long as we live.9. The Carpathians
are mountains of a medium height; however (-) peaks are coveredwith
snow even in summer.
29. Translate into English1. Romnia i-a trimis reprezentantul su
la conferina regional. 2. Dac ntrebi peoricine de pe strad acesta i
va arta unde locuiete medicul de familie. 3. Soarele serotete n
jurul axei sale odat la 25 de zile. 4. Aceast cntrea este o artist
deprima clas. 5. Vnztoarele din acest magazin sunt foarte
politicoase. 6. n general
conductoarele auto sunt foarte atente. 7. Profesoara este foate
iubit de elevii si. 8.Maina i vaporul sunt ea pentru ofer i
marinar. 9. Cmila este de nenlocuit nlungile cltorii prin deert,
pentru marea sa putere de adaptare. 10. Publicul, plin deentuziasm
i-l exprima fr rezerve, aplaudnd acea interpretare unic.30. Use the
Synthetic Genitive, instead of the Propositional Genitive whenever
possible:1. The task of a student is to learn. 2. The song of the
birds was heard up the hill. 3.The young man took no notice of the
advice of his father. 4. Clothes are made in theworkshop of a
tailor. 5. I shall never forget the green of the grass in my
garden. 6. Webuy cigarettes at the shop of a tobacconist,
vegetablesat the shop of a greengrocer,meatat the shop of a
butcher, breadat the shop of a baker. 7. I have to mention
thehighly satisfactory activity of these students in the language
laboratory. 8. The coverof this book has a pleasant blue colour. 9.
The landscape of Romania is reallyimpressive in some regions. 10.
The newspaper of today has a lot of interesting news.11. We skated
on the frozen surface of the river. 12. They fought for the defence
oftheir liberty and independence in many wars. 13. We had to stop
after a journey of oneday. 14. The life-boats of the ship were
launched for a drill. 15. The offices of thecompany are on the 2nd
floor. 16. We cant solve the problems of the world. 17. Youshall
observe the rules of this Club.
31. Turn the Synthetic Genitive in the sentences below into the
plural, wherever possible1. I dont remember this childs name. 2.
Entering the roomI saw that the boys bookswere spread all over the
table. 3. A months holiday is what he mostly desires. 4.
Thiswaitress smile is quite pleasant. 5. Todays journey was very
confortable. 6. Hisfathers job is interesting. 7. That mans seat is
no longer vacant. 8. Charles familyleft the town for a short trip.
9. The teachers remark should be taken into account. 10.A weeks
holiday will be really pleasant.
32.Justify the use of the Synthetic Genitive in the following
sentences:1. We had a marvellous two hours walk along the sea
coast. 2. Asummers day inDevon is quite special with all its
unusual softness. 3. A window blazed like a jewel inthesuns last
raysbetween the poplar trees. (Galsworthy). 4. We wandered to
the
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Pine Forest / That skirts the oceans foam (Shelley). 5. Our
countrysgeography mustbe well known by the students. 6. A twenty
yards distance separates our houses. 7. Idont think that this
parcel is more than a pounds weight. 8. This book is two
poundsworth. 9. We have seen Shakespeares plays Loves Labours Lost
and TheWinters Tale. 10. Yesterdays mailbrought me the long
expected letter. 11. The
vessels crew were on the deck. 12. I shall spend this week-and
at the Smiths. 13. Thecommission is interested inAfricas problems.
14. He had a hairs breadth escape. 15.Who elses proposal shall we
consider now? 16.Londons traffic is heavy at peekhours. 17. We are
interested in nobodys problems.
33. A.Look up the following Synthetic Genitives and translate
them into Romanian:- at ones fingers end - a birds eye view- out of
harms way - a needles eye- her hearts desire - a pins head- at a
stones throw - the journeys end- at ones wits end - at swords
point
B. Use them in sentences of your own
34.Explain the difference in meaning between the two forms of
Genitive:1. This film is a description of Dickens.2. The short
excerpt is a description of Dickens.1. This painting is aportrait
of Sargent.2. This masterpiece is aportrait of Sargents.1. Cezar
Petrescu wrote a novel of Eminescu.2. Cezara is a novel of
Eminescus.1. He told us the story of Hemingway.2. I read a story of
Hemingways.
35.Replace the following Prepositional Genitives by a compound
nounModel: a writer of prose a prose writerThe cover of the book;
the equipment of a farm; the meaning of the letter; the pocketof
the trousers; the waves of the ocean; the bank of the river; the
coast of the sea; the level ofthe water; the satellite of the
earth.
36. Choose the form which is recommended out of the two forms
given below:1. She is my brothers friends wife.2. She is the wife
of my brothers friend.1. Kates parents visit pleased us very
much.2. The visit of Kates parents pleased us very much.1. In the
light of the moon we could see the big house in front of us.2. In
the moons light we could see the big house in front of us.1. The
houses front door was unlocked.2. The front door of the house was
unlocked.1. We went in the sounds direction.2. We went in the
direction of the sound.
37. Study the following sentences paying attention to the
different uses of the Genitive case
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(The Saxon Genitive or the Prepositional Genitive). Explain the
structures.
1. The students return interrupted our conversation. 2. The
smoke or a wood-firewent up in the air. 3. The students hostel is
comfortable and cosy. 4. They werewelcomed with a feeling of joy.
5. Several of the students got very good results. 6. Inthe city of
Bucharest there are a lot of parks and gardens. 7. All of his books
have
beautiful bindings. 8. Ill be back in a few minutes time. 9.
This is the well-knownAmerican composer George Gershwins chief work
Porgy and Bess. 10. I havefound in your library one of Lewis, Smith
and Wilsons works. 11. Receive thispresent, with Marys and Janes
compliments! 12. Everybody expected the jurysverdict. 13. He went
into a shop and bought a pounds worth of chocolates. 14. I methim
after two months absence from his job. 15. Last week I saw the play
AMidsummer Nights Dream. 16. She was reading the day befores paper.
17. We areoften astonished in front of Natures many wonders. 18.
The ships mast was brokenby the storm. 19. We were walking along
one of Londons parks. 20. The courage ofyoung people is wellknown.
21. This man is the father of the child I am going toexamine
tomorrow. 22. The language of the Sports Bulletin reporter is often
obscure
to the layman. 23. The achievements of a modern democratic state
speak forthemselves.
38. Translate into English:1. Notele acestui student au fost
foarte mari pe acest semestru. 2. Invitaii copiilor austat pn seara
trziu. 3. Nepotul soiei fiului lui Ion ne-a fcut o vizit n
ianuarie. 4.Fiul profesorului meu de matematic este n acelai an cu
mine. 5. Camera lui Mihai ia lui George este la etajul doi. 6.
Ziarul de azi scrie despre dezbaterile din cadrulONU. 7. Tutungeria
este la prima staie. 8. Clima Angliei este destul de ploioas. 9.Dup
cteva zile de drum am ajuns n oraul natal. 10. Cabana cea mai
apropiat estela o deprtare de 3 km. 11. Luna ianuarie este cea mai
friguroas lun a anului. 12. Petoi ne ncnt vemintele policrome ale
toamnei. 13. El este un prieten al unchiuluimeu George.
39.Fill in the blanks with the prepositions to, for, of, from,
as required by a Prepositional Dative1. Give my best regards your
friend. 2. I snatched the handkerchief Georgeshand to wave at the
newcomers. 3. I inquired Dan what the subject for debate at
theseminar was. 4. I have bought a present my mother. 5. This is an
activity thatrequires great precision the workers. 6. He got a sum
of money equivalent thequality of his work. 7. What did you ask the
students? 8. Ive got a ticket mybest friend. 9. What is your
attitude art? 10. The child begged pardon hisparents. 11. Mary
called a taxi her daughter.
40. Change the following sentences using the for Prepositional
Dative:Model: He brought Mary some flowers.He brought some flowers
for Mary1. I buy my daughter interesting books. 2. The teacher is
choosing his students a newtext. 3. We found our parents good seats
in the train. 4. The student got her friend aticket for the show.
5. I booked my sister a roon at the hotel. 6. The whole groupbought
their colleague a bottle of wine in celebration of his birthday. 7.
We have made
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the guests a warm reception. 8. Cut this little girl a slice of
bread! 9. We must orderthat company some new equipment.
41. Translate into English using the two forms of the Dativewith
or without prepositionwherever possible.
1. I-am fcut lui George o aluzie n sensul celor discutate. 2. Au
fost de acord cupropunerea noastr. 3. Am cerut un autograf de la
autorul romanului nou lansat. 4.Profesorul explic studenilor
cuvintele noi. 5. I-am oferit lui Dan prilejul de a nensoi n
excursie. 6. I-am servit pe invitai cu prjiturile fcute de mine. 7.
Profesoruldicteaz studenilor un text necunoscut. 8. El a permis
studenilor folosireadicionarului. 9. Intenionez s o prezint
prinilor mei pe cea mai bunprieten a mea.10. Preedintele a nmnat
diplome i premii ctigtorilor concursului. 11. Supunempropunerea
aprobrii adunrii generale.
42. Choose the right preposition in the brackets:A. 1. Read the
letter (to/for) your father because his glasses are broken. 2. I
have to
repeat the questions (to/for) my students as they could not hear
them because ofthe noise outside. 3. My sister cooks some dinner
(to/for) her son. 4. He left someflowers (to/for) his mother on the
table. 5. Speak (to/for) the audience now! 6. Wehave to get plane
tickets (to/for) our guests from abroad.B. 1. Do you prefer going
(by/with) car or (by/on) foot? 2. We use to write our
letters(in/with) ink not (in/with) pencil. 3. I prefer my cardigan
made (by/with) machine.4. We must open this tin (by/with) a
tin-opener. 5. They have listened to the news(on/at) the radio. 6.
This dress is made (of/from) silk.
43. Choose the corect form out of the two given in brackets.1.
Mary is the student with black (hair/hairs) who lives in our
mansion. 2. Did youhave a good (travel/journey) from London? 3.
Dont forget to buy (a bread/somebread) when coming back home. 4. Id
like to take some notes, have you got (apaper/some paper)? 5. There
(is/are) a lot of (traffic/traffics) in the city at the peakhours.
6. He is trying hard to find a (work/job) at present, but, Im
afraid, there(isnt/arent) much (work/works) availabe. 7. (Is/are)
good(accommodation/accommodations) easy to find in your town? 8.
Ive got a problemand I need some (advice/advices). 9. I like the
(furniture/furnitures) in your room. 10.Some
(information/informations) you can give us, about the hotels in
London (is/are)useful. 11. My (luggage/luggages) (is/are) on the
platform. 12. The (news/new) (is/are)depressing.
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THE ADJECTIVE
1. Change the adjectives below into their antonyms with the help
of the following prefixes:up-, in-, (il -, im-, ir), non-, dis-,
misable,academic, accurate, active, capable, changeable, competent,
competitive,
connected, consistent, dependent, developed, economical,
efficient, employed,expensive, experienced, fair, formal, honest,
interested, logical, official, pleasant,productive, profitable,
qualified, resolute, satisfied, similar, skilled,
understood,willing, welcome.
2. Complete the sentences using the adjective related to the
noun or verb given in brackets:1. Productivity can be defined as
the ratio of (value) output to input. 2. To ensure
high(organisation)productivity, creativity and innovation should
permeate every job. 3.(Increase)productivity has a (benefit) impact
on (economy) stability and on the (life)standard. 4. From an
(individual)point of view, increased productivity is
bothpsychologically and financially (reward). 5. (Skill)
responsible management and
(height)productivity are inseparable. 6. A manager, in addition
to being technically(qualify), must be a (respect), people-oriented
leader, (skill) in the techniques of(behaviour) science and sound
business practice. 7. (Aid)by the rapid spread of(industry) robots,
the (manufacture) industry has steadily become more effective
andmore (product). 8. Early to bed and early to rise makes you
(health), (wealth) andwise.
3.Fill in the blanks distinguishing
between:livelivelyaliveliving
1. We have debates during our seminars. 2. Our farm has had a
record increase in stock and in wheat crops. 3. This is a
broadcast, not a recording. 4. He thinks
himself the greatest man 5. Increassed productivity leads to
higher standards.economiceconomical1. Productivity growth is the
linchpin of the 1980s.2. Electrical heating is no
longerhistorichistorical
1. Our presidents latest speech was a event for our company.2.
The group of tourists were shown the most important
monuments.lastlatestlatter
1. During our first Systems seminar of Monday, we talked about
the developments in computer science. 2. Your record is excellent;
we hope it wont beyour 3. There were two suggestions for the
weekend: seeing a film or going on a
trip; of course we preferred the to the former. 4. Our teacher
told us that the halfof the course would be much more
interesting.crediblecreditable1. Yours is a attempt and we will
support it.2. Her story is hardly humanhumane
1. Artificial intelligence will never replace the brain. 2. Be
and people will loveand respect you!
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4. Use compound adjectives in the following sentences and make
the necessary changes:Model: Those devices saved labourbecomes:
Those were labour-saving devices.1. These new machines save brain
work. 2. These tools process data. 3. Odoblejaswork was neglected
for a long time. 4. The rules of logic are built in the
computersystem. 5. COBOL is a computer language which is oriented
towards business. 6.
Many schools were keen to acquiresoftware to handle information,
like packages toprocess wards. 7. General learning programmes
assisted by computers were alsoattracting a great deal of
attention. 8. These students are brainy, but they work hard,too. 9.
Mysister is 20 years old, she has hazel eyes, auburn hair, a fair
complexion,hersmall features are cleanly cut you wont fail to
recognize her. 10. We need moreeffective methods of production in
relationship to coststheres too much waste.
5. Choose the right indefinite adjective from the ones in the
brackets. Sometimes both areright.
1. (Many, a large numer of) strikes are caused by bad
management. 2. Is there(much, a great deal of) unemployment in
Romania? 3. There are hardly (any, no)
mistakes in the paper. 4. We went to only (one, other)party in
(some, several)months, but we enjoyed (every, each) minute of it.
5. Is there (any, some) commonthread linking statistics and
accounting? 6. They expected us to come with (much,many) solutions,
but we could think of (none, any). 7. Our teacher gave us (much,
alot of) advice from the beginning. 8. Ive got (few, a few) English
books onmanagement and I can lend you (some, any).Thank you,but I
cant read (no, any)books in English since I know (no, any) English
at all. 9. (Both, either) my roommates have won scholarships. 10.
(Both, either)buses stop in front of the A.S.E., soyou may take
(any, either)bus.
6.Fill the blanks with the right quantitative adjective,
according to the meaning.1. There are words that I dont know and
there is grammer problem that Ihavent studied. 2. Have you got so
spare time? I thought you are snowed up inwork. 3. Very ideas get
farther than theinventor. 4. Have you seen good filmsrecently?Yes,
quite 5. Will you have tea? No, thank you, Ive drunk cupssince
morning. 6. Ther is too flour left for the cake; will you go and
buy some? 7.We can do without things, but we cant do without water.
8. They think moneyis the source of happiness. 9. Quite of
employees have gone on strike. 10. There arefar weapons in the
world.
7.Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown, so that the meaning
stays the same. Usecomparatives:
1. Dan is not as fast as Will. Will is 2. I have an older
sister, Mary. Mary is 3. Silver is less valuable than gold. Gold is
4. This is the earliest train. There arent any 5. Thats the best
price we can quote. We cant quote a; there is no 6.Bravo! Youve
worked less chaotically than before. Bravo! Your work is 7. Do
youagree that a Ford is safer, more economical and more comfortable
than any other car?Do you agree that no other car is ? 8. If you
run a lor, youll get fitter. The more9. The e-mail seems to be the
cheapest, the fastest and most reliable means ofcommunication at
present. There doesnt seem to be a Any other means ofcommunication
is 10. This story is by far the funniest most interesting at all.
Ive
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never heard a All the other stories Ive heard are
8.Fill in the blanks with the right degree of comparison of the
adjectives in the margin:a. The teacher asks the pupils about the
effects of heat and cold.Heat makes things and cold makes things
says Dan.
Quite right, says the teacher. Can you give an example? longIn
the summer, when its hot the days are but in winter, when its
shortcold, the days are , answers Dan. bigb. What is the word in
English? smallSmiles. It is a mile between its first andlast
letter.c. Which word becomes when you add a syllable to
it?Short.
9. Use the adjectives in brackets in the right form of
comparison, paying attention to theirregular forms:1. She is (ill)
than we thought; she fell ill on Wednesday and she was (ill) on
Friday,
when she was taken to hospital. 2. (Late)but not (little), there
comes the maths exam.3. Jim is a (little)boy; he is my
(young)brother, much (young) than I am; actually Iam (old)brother,
15 years (old) than Jin, so Im suppose to look after our (little)
ones.4. We worked on our project with no (little) single-mindedness
than skill. 5. This is(good)book I have read for a long time. 6.
They provided us with (far) information asagreed. 7. My (good)
friends (late) novel was a (good) seller and it wont be his(late)
one. 8. The (late) half of May was (rainy) than the first. 9. Mine
is the (far)house fron the ASE and Pauls is the (near). 10. Upon
(far) consideration theydecided to answer the latter without delay.
11. Youd better get off at the (near) stopand ask where the
(near)pharmacy is.
10. Use the double comparative of the adjectives in brackets for
the Romanian din ce n cemai:
1. Your English is getting (good). 2. Its becoming (important)
to rely on our ownexperts. 3. We were so tired, that the top of the
mountains seemed to be getting (far).4. As buses are becoming
(fast) we are growing (idle). 5. The idea of spending thesummer at
the seaside sounds (appealing). 6. (Great) attention is being paid
tocomputer-assisted learning. 7. The students are growing (loud)
and the noise(unbearable). 8. Computer modelling seems to be
(exciting), (challenging). 9. Itsbecoming (plain) that we are
growing (involved) in it.
11. Use the adjectives in brackets in the comparative form for
the Romanian cu ct cuatt:
1. The (hard) the task, the (great) the satisfaction. 2. The
(funny) the stories, the(merry) we are. 3. The (little) time you
spare for learning, the (little) satisfactory yourstudies and the
(bad) result youll get. 4. The (fertile) the land, the (little) the
amountof fertilizer given to it. 5. The (eager) the student, the
(pertinent) the questions heasks. 6. The (high) the manufacturing
costs, the (high) the selling price. 7. The (big) abusiness is, the
(competitive) it is likely to be. 8. The (long) I have to wait for
theresults, the (impatient) I become.
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12. Translate into Romanian paying attention to the use of
adjectives:1. Teacher: I wish you paid a little attention to my
subject.Student: Well, I do. I pay as little attention to it as
possible.2. Student: I dont think I deserve a zero.Teacher: Neither
do I, but its the lowest mark I am allowed to give.
3. English Poet: The poets of today put plenty of fire into
their verses.Critic: The trouble with most of them is that they do
not put enough of theirverses into fire.4. Father: Think of the
future, my boy.Son: I cant. Its my best girls birthday and Ive got
to think of the present.5. An Epitaph: Owen MoreGone awayOwin
moreThan we could pay.
13. The excepts below, taken from authentic presentations, are
good examples of machine
gunning (emphasizing a point through the enumeration and
repetition of comparatives ofsuperiority). Unfortunately they have
been mixed up, so you will have to match the two parts1-7 and a-g
in order to make meaningful sentences. Then translate them into
Romanian.
1. In terms of performance were2. The home computer industry is
likelyto be even3. The Middle Eastern market is probably4. The new
cabriolet is5. As a company, were quite simply6. Our new sales
manager seems to be7. The future of tourism in Romania hasnever
lookeda. faster, sleeker, smoother, classier, racier,roomier and
betterlooking thananything else on the marketb. more competitive,
more creative, moreresponsive, non customerconscious andmore
marketdriven than any of ourcompetitors.c. more motivated, more
productive, moreprofitable, more efficient, more qualityconscious
and generally more successfulthan ever.d. Bigger, better, freer,
fairer, more liberaland more lucrative than any othermarket.e. More
technologydriven, more costconscious, more pricesensitive,
moreriskladen, more overcrowded and morevolatile that it is
today.f. better, brighter, more promising, more
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encouraging, more successful and moreprofitable then anyone
would havethought possible a few years ago.g. younger, smarter,
more efficient, moreexperienced, better-qualified and more
customerorientated than the previousone.
14.Match the types of adjectives in column A with the right
adjective (s) in column B. Thefirst one is done for you: 1l, r.
A. Type B. Adjective1. taste, smell, etc2. origin, place3.
material4. size, length5. colour
6. purpose, use7. opinion, attitude, quality8. age9. emotion,
personality10. shape, width11. past participlea. silkb. bluec.
walkingd. intustinge. diningroomf. knittedg. youngh. Scottishi.
roundj. nicek. largel. sweetm. stainless steeln. full-lengtho.
Chinesep. excitingq. narrowr. scenteds. expensivet. inquisitive
15. Study the order of the adjectives in the following examples
and complete the table belowwith the missing types (see ex.14) in
the order which appears to be most common; then fill ineach column
with the right adjectives from the examples. Add more adjectives in
time.
N.B.1. (subjective) opinion/attitude; adjectives usually come
before all others
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2. First, last usually come before numbers.3. Avoid using more
than three adjectives together.Some examples have been done for
you. (see table).1. a pretty blue wollen scarf 8. the most recent
custom-made Swiss wrist watch2. a beautiful rectangular wooden
table 9. the three-month money market rate3. a magnificent
handwoven Persian rug 10. a brilliant second-year student
4. a large smelly half-eaten lump of cheese 11. new hooded
sweat-style jackets5. an excellent mature scottish whisky 12.
fantastic brand-new menswearinspired office suits6. fabulous round
mother-of-pearl beads 13. my best long cream-coloured velvet
evening-dress7. old brown Spanish leather boots
ORDER OF ADJECTIVES BEFORE NOUNSFACT / DESCRIPTIONQUALITY,
QUALIFIERS CLASSIFYINGSUBJECTIVEOPINIONATTITUDESIZE
SMELLTASTEEtcEMOTION,PERSONALITYORIGINUSEPURPOSE
NOUN1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1. pretty2. .3. .4. .5. .6. fabulous7. .8. .9. .10. .11. .12.
.13. .
round... .. Blue .. WoollenMotherof-
pearl.. Scarf
beads
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16. Unscramble the following sentences, putting the adjectives
in their right order (see ex.15,Table). Note that the first and
last words are in their right place.1. There was magnificent castle
a mediaeval stone on the hill. 2. She carrying wasshopping her
striped bag canvas vegetables of a heavy on full arm. 3. She
remarkablywas a handsome young to introduced executive. 4.He
wearing a jazzy smart business
gray was with suit waistcoat. 5. They were a snazzy one-year old
drivingFord. 6.Weve an exotic extremly oriental bought just carpet.
7.I a red received fragrantgorgeous rose. 8. Were attractive
looking for an blue-and-white flowerpot. 9. Thelatest museum of the
marble acquisition little Roman brownish this isstatue. 10. Theythe
American prefer hard-sell aggressivestrategy.
17.Adjectivespecial cases IThere are some adjectives that change
the meaning of the sentence if they come before
or after the noun.
Study the pairs of sentences below and match the adjectives
underlined with thecorresponding synonym or explanation from the
list following the exercise. The first one is
done for you:1. a. Jane is a very responsibleperson; you can
rely on her to finish every asignmentin due time.b. The person
responsible for the damage of goods in transit will be indicted.2.
a. The concernedparents took their child to the doctor.b. The
parents concerned have made an appointment with the headmaster.3.
a. That was a long and involved explanation.b. Luckily, non of the
people involved in the accident suffered any injuries.4. a.
Thepresent members of the Board are all in favour of a major change
in theSales Policy.b. All the memberspresent at the meeting voted
for the flexitime scheme.5. a. In thisparticular instance, Im
afraid you are wrong.b. Our english teacher is mostparticular about
the way we communicate.6. a. You always have a ready answer,b. but
are you ready with the business plan?7. a. Why are you always
late?b. We are here today to honour the memory of the late C.E.O.8.
a. As Chairman of the Board, he made an outstanding contribution to
the success ofthe cmpany.b. There are five bills outstanding.9. a.
The person youre looking for is in the shop directly opposite.b.
They went off in the opposite direction.10. a. Snowdons a proper
mountain, not a hillb. After a long walk through the foothills we
reached the base of the mountainproper.
across from; facing = 9areal, genuine =reliable, trustworthy
=liable/accountable for; in control of =complicated =connected /
having to do with =
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current =unpaid =actually at / attending the meeting =the
central / main part of smth =worried, anxious =
remarkable =demanding, stringent =quick, spontaneous =this, but
no other =prepared, waiting =not punctual =dead =to whom this
applies =contrasting with each other, contrary =
18.Attributive adjective position - Special cases II
Fill in the blanks with the adjectives listed on the right; they
may fit more than once.Note that some subclasses of adjectives can
be used only before the noun.e.g.intensifying (pure, mere, total
etc)- restrictive (the only, the very etc)- former, present, old,
little etc.and others only after the nouns
e.g.past participles
a. The reason for abandoning the project was a financialone.b.
The chairman concluded an agreement to set up a venture with a
German company.c. The issues at the conference were very
pertinent.d. Lets return to the point during our meeting.e. The
goods last week havebeen sent by air.f. A feature of the new line
is its appeal to the youth market.g. Both the president and the
secretary have had a pressconference.h. All security cards from
this office must be countersignedi. Its the solution all the people
agreed on 1. former2. joint3. raised4. discussed5. last6. elect7.
issued8. involved9. maps10. main11. present12. ordered13.
general14. pure15. present16. only17. previous
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19.Attributive and predicative positionUse the following
adjectives in pattern a (attributive) or pattern p
(predicative),
bearing in mind that some adjectives can be used only
attributively (see exercise 18) and
others only predicatively, such as:- asleep;
- afraid, ajar;- well, ill etc.Model: 1. (a)floating A (a)
leaf(p) afloat The ships still (p)Model: 2. (a) true A (a)
scientistA scientist is 3. very The studentThe student is 4. asleep
They are fast sleeping The partners do not participate in the
day-to-day management.5. utter destruction
The destruction is 6.plain The truth.The truth is 7. mere He is
a child.The child is 8. elder My brother is two years older than
me. My brother is 9. hard He is a workerThe worker is 10. alive Its
a concert.living There seems tobe no one live There are no beings
in this area.11. ill She fell and died.sick Doctors look after the
people.12. open They left the door ajar The door looked
inviting.13. afraid He is a man, he isfrightened of everyone.14.
awake Theyre wide The people.
20.Adjective modification with adverbsA. Use the modifying
adverbs from the box to intensify the meaning of the adjectives
inthe following conversations.
1. A. It was a good yearB. How good?A. good. As good as we could
expect; sales were high.2. A. There was a small fall in output in
the first quarters of the year.B. How small?A. small only about 5
per cent.3. A. The exhibition was successful
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B. How successful?A. successful; we met very many prospective
customers.High
absolutelycompletelytotally
fullyentirelyextremelyhighlyveryfairlyreasonablyquitemoderatelyslightlya
littleB. Rewrite the following descriptions of trends using nouns
and adjectives (modified
by intensifying adverbs):
1. In March the sharesfell extremely dramaticallybecomes:In
March there was a extremely dramatic fall in shares.2. In April
they recovered slightly.3. In June they collapsed sharply.4. In
July theyfell considerably..5. In August they recovered fairly
steadily.6. In September and October they continued to improve
moderately slowly.
..
21.Position of noun modifiers and adjectivesWhich is correct?
Choose the right phrase.
1. - the booming car European industry or- the booming European
car industry2. - the worlds biggest and most prestigious look fair
or- the worlds look biggest and most prestigious fair.3. - a
concrete cooperation proposal or- a cooperation concrete proposal4.
- the business modern scene or
- the modern business scene5. - a company interesting profile
or- an interesting company profile.
22. Scale and limit adjectivesStudy the scale below, contouring
hot and cold words:Limit words BOILING, SCALDING +++hot ++
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warm +Scale words tepidcool - -cold - - -Limit words FREEZING,
GLACIAL -------
a) Now, study the following lists of adjectives and build a
scale similar to the oneabove:1. affluent, broke, prosperous,
penniless, well-to-do, rolling-in-money. Low paid,living from hand
to mouth, comfortably off, in line straits, in the red, bankrupt.2.
big, broad, gigantic, extensive, immense, little, tiny, roomy,
spacious, minute, vast,wide, tremendous, large, small.b) Build your
own scale lists.
23.Modifying adverbs with scale and limit adjectivesCorrect the
following sentences where necessary; remember that NOT all
modifiers gowith both scale and limit words.
1. John is an absolutely clever pupil.2. You should wash pure
wool in altogether tepid water.3. You were utterly right, the play
was utterly marvelous.4. You are quite right, the task is quite
impossible.5. Although this exercise seems very impossible, Im sure
it is terribly useful. Imabsolutely pleased with the progress Ive
made.6. He was nearly amazed at his daughters progress.
24. Choose an emphasizing adjective from the box below to fill
the gaps in the followingpostcards:
absolute fascinating sheerblissful majestic specialcomplete
marvelous spectacularentire outright terrificexcellent perfect
trueexceptional positive utterexuberant realpure1. Dear Mary,Were
having a holiday here at Swansea its bliss and we can finally have
a rest. Weve spent the week on this beach!Love,Mihaela.2. Dear
Mary,What a holiday! And only because of Mihaela! Shes ruined what
could have beena holiday! Shes an love; she talks and talks, even
to strangers! And she tells lies.Wish you were here
instead,Love,Ioana.3. Dear Auntie,
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It was delight to read your letter and hear that you are much
better after youroperation. I gather it was a success, although the
hospital food was ! Please comeround any time you feel up to it.
Itll be to see you again.Take care,Anna.
25.Adjectives or adverbs?Correct the sentences if necessary.
1. She smiled friendly and he laughed silly.2. Martin seems
happy but Tracy looks lonely.3. They grew angrily when they saw the
disaster.4. Im taking the early flight to Paris so I can arrive
early at the office.5. He is a very bad worker, and he has been
working too hardly lately.6. So far this years energy costs have
stayed fairly constant.7. We feel very confident about our move
into the U.S. market.8. The contract we have negotiated sounds
quite securely.
9. Our new policy of energy conservation has proved very
economical.10. The Directors grew anxious when the results were
released.11. I dont want to sound over-optimistic, but I am certain
that we have an all-timewinner with our new product.
26. Complementation of predicative adjectives IFill in the
blanks with the right preposition.
1. The Finance Manager is answerable the Finance Director.2. Im
due a rise soon.3. We are confident success and pleased her
promotion.4. Im expert handling difficult customers.5. Were
satisfied the quarterly results.6. We are all impatient delay.7.
Shes always been interested fiscal policy.8. I am indebted my
colleagues all their help.9. Tom is rather eager success.10.
Students today are different students ten years ago.
27. Complementation of predicative adjectives IIMatch the two
halves of following sentences so that they make sense:
(there may be several combinations)
1. You dont look happy2. Im pleased3. Im glad4. Hes such a
difficult person5. Were anxious6. It was nice7. She made it clear8.
It is important9. Its worth10. Its surprising
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a. to see meb. for her to get a scholarshipc. that she should
get a scholarshipd. that you were able to camee. that she
distrusted all of usf. to see you hereg. for us to move fasth. that
we seem to agreei. to understand
j. that we shouldk. going to London if you have the timel. how
John cant keep deadlinesm. seeing you.
28. Translate into English paying attention to the use of
adjectives:1. Mulumesc din suflet. Ai fost deosebit de amabil.2.
Cine a fost prima femeie care a cucerit Everestul?3. Urmtorul la
cuvnt este dl. Smith.4. Proiectul a fost sortit eecului de la bun
nceput, fiind costisitor, prost gndit ipresupunnd un mare consum de
timp i energie.5. Cnd am promis c vom realiza un nou program pentru
e-mail ne-am asumat osarcin mult prea dificil.6. Calculatorul
urmrete orbete programul de instruciuni conceput de creieruluman,
care este mult mai complex dect cel electronic.7. Dac vrei s
ajungei la cel mai apropiat magazin universal, cobori la
primastaie; este chiar prima cldire de lngpia.8. Mai avei i alte
veti pentru noi?9. Fratele meu mai mare, care este cu 5 ani mai
mare dect mine, este director dentreprindere.10. Cel mai mic lucru
pe care-l pot face pentru tine este s-i mprumut manualul meupn data
viitoare.11. Ultimul aspect al problemei este mai puin important
dect celelalte, aa c l poiomite.12. Balana comercial nu este acelai
lucru cu balana de pli.13. La New York, chiria nu este att de mare
ca la Londra.14. Cu ct firma este mai mare, cu att este mai
competitiv i mai puternic.15. Am observat c, n ultimul timp,
studenii sunt din ce n ce mai bine pregtii imai hotri s se angajeze
ct mai repede.
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THE PRONOUN
1. Give the correct forms of the personal pronouns in
brackets:a) Would you, please, lend (I) 10.000 lei until
tomorrow?What do (you) need the money for?
(I)ve found the course-books our teacher told (we) to buy and
(I)ve left mymoney at home.Here (you) are. But dont forget to give
(it) back to (I) tomorrow.Of course (I) wont. Thank (you) very
much. b) Who is (it)?(It)s only (we).Whos (we)?(I) and my friend,
George.c) Was (it) (she) Mary was telling (they) about?(I) think
so.What do (you) think (she) told (they)?
Search (I).
2. Choose the right personal pronoun (if both are possible
sometimes, is there a difference in
style or meaning?)
a) 1. To my mind she is much more industrious than (I, me). 2.
They all attended themanagement course except (she, her). 3. It was
(he, him) they were talking about.4. It is my brother who goes in
for economics, not (I, me). 5. She is much better inmaths than (we,
us). 6. Was it (she, her) who knocked at the door? 7. We saw herat
the concert; at least we thought it was (she, her). 8. It is (they,
them) who are theexperts.b) A flea and a fly in a flue
Were imprisoned, so what could (they, them) do?Said the flea:
Let (we, us) fly.Said the fly: Let (we, us) flee.So (they, them)
flew through a flaw in the flue.
3. Choose the right relative-interrogative pronoun from the ones
in brackets:
a) 1. The student (who, which) is standing over there is my
room-mate. 2. We mustorder the items (who, which) are out of stock.
3. I liked the book (that, which) yougave me for my birthday. 4. My
best friend (what, whom) I havent seen for yearsis an economist
now. 5. Bucharest the town in (that, which) I was born is
thecapital city of Romania. 6. Forests (whose, of which) area
covers about 26% of our
land, must be protected. 7. All (which, that) glitters is not
gold. 8. Is this thestudent (who, that) you so highly praized?b) 1.
(What which) have they told you about it? 2. (What, which) of these
lessons mustbe learned for the exam? 3. (Who, whom) did you hide
from? 4. (Whose, which)was the paper that was awarded the first
prize? 5. (Who, whose) are the bestresults? 6. (Who, whom) were you
talking to when they called you? 7. We dontknow (which, what) is
their opinion. 8. (What, which) do you call this in English?
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4. Omit the relative pronoun wherever possible, making the
necessary changes:
1. The town which we are going to visit today is a very old one.
2. The clerkabout whom you are inquiring went on holiday yesterday.
3. They are not the kindof people to whom I like talking. 4. The
definition which you gave to jointventures is the right one. 5. The
business that he runs is very profitable. 6. They
read all the meanings in the dictionary and finally found that
which they wanted.7. What happened then was recorded in the
documents of the time. 8. The prizewas awarded to the student who
came out top in the professional competition. 9.All is well that
ends well is a proverb that is worth remembering.
5. Choose the proper possessive adjective or pronoun from the
alternatives in brackets:1. Of course, this is (my, mine) book, but
where is (your, yours)? 2. (Our, ours)is the only faculty which
trains stock exchange brokers. 3. The complimentaryclose of a
business letter reads: (Your, yours) faithfully. 4. Best wishes to
youand (your, yours) from me and (my, mine). 5. I know (her, hers)
favourite subjectis Trade, but whats (their, theirs)? 6. I see
(your, yours) point, let me tell you
(my, mine). 7. (Our, ours) stock situation is not as bad as
(their, theirs). 8. Anassociate of (our, ours) has acquired 20% of
(our, ours) shares. 9. Is this book(her, hers) or his? 10. Lets
summon some students of (your, yours) group andsome of (my, mine)
and give a helping hand with the cleaning of the hostel.
6.Fill in the blanks with the indefinite pronouns some, any,
none (or their compounds):1. Have you got any letters for me? Yes,
there are 2. I found all the coursebooks I need in the library so I
shant buy 3. wants to speak to you onthe phone, Dan. 4.Theres Id
like to discuss with you. 5. Would you like milk? No, thank you,
wont have 6. Have you any objection to mycontinuing the studies?
No, I have 7. Could youlend me some money?Sorry, I havent got 8.
Dont let disturb us while we are learning. Iassure you that will
disturb you. 9. of these books are in English, but are in
German.
7. Answer the following questions using NO-compounds. (Remember:
neither of two):1. How many exercises have you done today? 2. How
much did this suit cost? 3.Who did you meet yesterday? 4. Which of
these two courses have you attended?5. What are you doing next
week-end? 6. How many classes did you miss lastweek? 7. Where did
you go last night? 8. Which foot did you hurt? 9. Who missedmy
point? 10. Which of you two missed my point? 11. Which of these
filmshavent you seen yet? 12. What have you been doing lately?
Where have you been? 13. How much of what he said could you
understand? 14. Which of thesetwo sentences gave you trouble to
translate?
8.Fill in the blanks with the indefinite pronouns or adjectives:
one(s), other(s), the other(s),another (one):
1. We understood nothing and looked from to 2. Idont like this
frock;please, show me 3. These shoes are too tight, could I try
pair? 4. Somepeople like milk, like tea in the morning. 5. This
group is as good as 6.These classes are as interesting as 7. We
study in this reading room,
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prefer 8. When we saw him last, he was carrying a suitcase in
... hand anda bag in 9. should always go for a walk after dinner.
10. One alwaysprides oneself on s achievements. 11. We stayed in
the hostel, went out.12. Only two guests arrived in time; were
late. 13. Do you like this tie? Yes,and I want like that. 14. These
gloves look worn out; Ill need some
9. Translate into English using ONE both as pronoun and as
adjective:1. i vezi pe cei doi profesori? Unul pred cursul de
economie mondial i cellaltpe cel de contabilitate. 2. Trebuie s-i
faci datoria. 3. Nu se tie niciodat. 4.Prietenul meu mi-a fcut
cunotin cu un oarecare Marian, prieten bun de-al lui.5. Care este
persoana care se ocup de relaiile cu publicul? 6. Se cuvine ca
fiecares-i susinpunctul de vedere. 7. Mi-am cumprat un alt curs,
deoarece l-ampierdut pe cel cumprat ieri. 8. Nu-mi place aceast
rochie; dai-mi-o, v rog, pecea roie de acolo. 9. Era un ora cu
totul diferit fa de cel ce-l prsisem cudouzeci de ani n urm. 10.
Unul dintre colegi a fcut lista cu cei ce particip lacercul de
relaii economice internaionale.
10. Translate into Romanian and say which of the pronouns are
reflexive and which areemphatic:
1. I wash myself every morning. 2. I myself wash up after lunch.
3. One cannot doeverything by oneself. 4. Whats wrong? You dont
seem to beyourself today. 5.Im not feeling quite myself, indeed; I
cut myselfbadly yesterday, you see. 6. Welearn to restrain
ourselves as we grow older and wiser. 7. Did you enjoyyourselves in
the students camp? 8. I myself gave him the document. 9. Is
thisshirtyours? Yes, Ive made it myself. 10. The accountants
themselves took themoney to the bank last night.
11. Choose the right pronounreflexive or personal. (If both are
possible, is there a changeof meaning or a risk of confusion?):
1. We bought (him, himself) a CD for his birthday. 2. He bought
(him, himself) aCD-player. 3. I hope you understand this is a
secret between (us, ourselves). 4.She dressed (her, herself) and
went to the faculty. 5. Children, behave (you,yourselves)! 6. Our
tutor invited the group monitor and (me, myself) to visit
thelaboratories. 7. Before choosing our research topic wed like to
discuss thingswith (them, themselves). 8. They are not as keen and
ambitious as (we are,ourselves). 9. She repeated the definition to
(her, herself). 10. The umbrellaopened and shut (it, itself). 11.
One can see for (one, oneself) the vast scale onwhich automation is
being carried out. 12. I took it upon (me, myself) to convenethe
meeting. 13. She knew that her friend was preferred to (her,
herself). 14. Theyasked me to look after (me, myself).
12. Choose the right pronoun(s) and translate into Romanian:a)
1. Using the final demand model and the input-output table (one,
it) is possibleto obtain gross output levels. 2. (What, Which) will
life be like in the year 2000?(One, it) will be as bad or as good
as (we, ourselves) are willing to make it; (we,ourselves, one,
oneself) create the world (that, which) we want to have. 3.
(Allthat, everything which) youve just said sounds interesting, but
(some of us,
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several of us) may find (it, that) difficult to grasp.b) 1.
(Everybody) thinks of changing humanity and nobody thinks of
changing(himself, oneself). 2. I find TV very educationalwhen
(somebody, anybody)turns it on I go into (another, other) room and
read a book. 3. There was an oldmaid (who, that) drove (every,
each) shoe clerk crazy: she never bought (nothing,
anything)she just liked the sight of a man on his knees before
(her, herself). 4.(What, which) shall we drink? (Whatever,
Whichever) you please, only let (it,that) be champagne! 5. I hope
you washed your hands before coming to lunchwith (us, ourselves). I
hadnt time to wash them (both, all), mum, but Ill keep(another, the
other) in my pocket!
13. Translate into Romanian and point out the pronouns:a) 1.
Knowledge without practice is nothing. 2. That comes of a cat will
eat mice.3. He that travels far, knows much. 4. Learn wisdom by the
follies of others. 5.Listen at the keyhole and youll hear news of
yourself. 6. Great trees are good fornothing but shade. 7. Nothing
is so necessary for travellers as languages. 8. He
that brings good news, knocks hard. 10. If you run after two
hares you will catchneither.b) 1. Teacher: I did not eat, you did
not eat, he did not eat. Bill, repeat what Ihave said.Bill, No one
has eaten.2. Teacher: Your paper on Manufacturing Industry is the
same as your deskmates.Student: Oh, yes. Its the same industry.3.
For every evil under the sun,There is a remedy, or there is none.If
there be one, try and find it.If there be none, never mind
it.4.Riddles:No need for brush.No need for broom.Its used a lotTo
clean the room (Vacuum cleaner)5. Formed long ago, yet made
today,Im most employed while others sleep;What none would like to
give away,Yet no one likes to keep. (Bed)
14. Translate into English paying attention to the use of
pronouns:a)Trebuie s duc napoi la bibliotec aceste dou cursuri,
deoarece nici unul numifolosete i trebuie s mprumut altele.- Atunci
vin i eu cu tine. tii, nu am mprumutat nc nimic de la bibliotec i
os te rog s m nvei cum sprocedez.Poate ai nevoie chiar de unul din
acestedou cursuri.ntr-adevr, ambele sunt pe lista mea. Ce noroc!b)
1. Ce tii despre fluviul Dunrea?Este unul dintre cele mai mari
fluvii dinEuropa.Prin ce ri trece i prin cte capitale? 2. Cine-i
acolo?Eu.Care eu?Un foarte bun prieten de-al tu. Ghici cine-i? - Nu
pot. M dau btut. 3.Caredintre voi mi poate spune ceva despre
robotroni?Oricine, bine-neles; unii ami citit mult. 4.tie cineva
cum se poate intra pe Internet?Da, fiecare dintre
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noi tie. 5.Ce carte este cea de acolo?Este dicionarul de
management care aaprut anul trecut i n care gseti tot ce te
intereseaz. 6. Cine sunt cei pe care mii-ai recomandat?Sunt Dan i
Paul, prietenii mei care au ctigat douburse destudiu acordate de
AIESEC, amndoi vor pleca n Anglia pentru un an: primul
laUniversitatea Lancaster i cellalt la Plymouth. 7. Al cui este
acest curs?Al
meu, mulumesc. 8.Cu cine ai vorbit char acum?Cu prietenul meu pe
care nulmai vzusem de muli ani.Cel a crui sor este economist la
noi?Chiar el.9.Mai vrei nite prjituri?Nu, mulumesc, am mncat
destul.Atunci nu maidoreti puin ceai?Nu, nu mai vreau nimic,
mulumesc. 10. Cine a spus: ipoipcli pe toi oamenii pentru ctva
timp, i-i poi pcli pe unii tot timpul, dar nu-ipoi pcli pe toi
oamenii tot timpul a avut mare dreptate.
15. Translate the following sentences into English paying
attention to the different uses of itand there:
1.Ce este lng computer?- E un scanner, iar alturi e un fax.
2. Este timpul s nvm s ne folosim de Internet.3. Crezi c este
destul timp ca s terminm de rescris traducerea nainte dencheierea
orei?4. Este timpul s servim ceaiul.5. Este timp i de servit ceaiul
dac v grbii.6. Ci ani sunt de cnd ai terminat facultatea?Trei ani,
dar mi pare mai mult.7. Ct este pn la pot?Cam 600 m. Este cldirea
aceea mai nalt, de pe dreapta.8.Sunt deja 40 min. de cnd urcm; ct
crezi c mai este pn n vrf?- Mai sunt vreo 20 min; mai avem de urcat
cam un kilometru, dar nu este un urcuprea greu.9. Exist un loc i un
timp pentru toate.10. tiu un loc unde se servete o pizza grozav.11.
La tine m refeream.12. Este de ajuns pentru toat lumea, v rog s
ateptai la rnd.13. Mi-e de ajuns.14. Este de ajuns c mi-ai spus
mie.15. Nu este nimic de fcut, dect s lum lucrurile aa cum sunt.16.
Nu are nici o legtur cu tine sau cu mine.17. Btea vntul cnd am
plecat; era un vnt rece.18. Este cineva acolo?Nu-i nimeni.19.
Cine-i?Eu, Ioana.20. Este uor s te rtceti n Veneia, nu-i aa?21.
Sunt trei km. pn acolo.22. Mai sunt trei km. pn acolo, nu-i aa?23.
Copernic este cel ce a descoperit cpmntul se nvrtete n jurul axei
sale.24. neleg c nu suntei de acord cu propunerea mea.25. Are
importan cine vorbete primul?26. Dup cum se tie, este cam o jumtate
de secol de cnd s-au folosit primelecomputere.27. Dac nu cer prea
mult, avnd n vedere c mi-ai permis s-mi fac lucrarea la
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calculatorul d-voastr, aputea s-o i scot pe imprimant?28. Acolo
unde se nalblocul acela turn era odat o biseric de lemn.
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THE NUMERAL1.Read aloud the following: 1) numbers, 2) years, 3)
dates, 4) room numbers, 5) telephonenumbers:1) 3179
3149182535325897239.28787.5292) 1907191419181944
196519853) January 11th 1945February 18th 1972March 29th
1930January 3rd 1936March 8th 19854) 1075138291003
5) 610.49.18221.29.13611.39.53649.44.27777.36.28777.36.77
2. Turn the following cardinal numerals into ordinal ones and
use them in sentences of yourown:
- 2, 3, 9, 11, 12, 19, 22, 100, 181
3. Translate the following sentences into Romanian and state
what kind of numerals are used:1. I shook my head as for the
twentieth time since my arrival he held out hislottery tickets to
me. (S.Maugham). 2. Four of the five shook their heads, but ourman
spoke. (S.Maugham). 3. It will not cause a delay of more than five
minutes.(S.Maugham). 4. That perhaps at first sight may appear not
very momentous.(J.Swift),. 5. He was then past his prime being
twenty-eight years and threequarters old. (J.Swift). 6. Ask my G.P.
and he will tell you that half his job issympathizing with people.
That is ten times as difficult as treating them.
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(R.Gordon). 7. A few dozen young men had an afernoon
intellectual chat with theexaminers. (R.Gordon)., 8. In a couple of
years the Government is going to sendme on a pension. (R.Gordon).
9. Give twice and thrice and twenty times theirmoney. / And get
your souls again. (W.B.Yeats).
4. State the type of the following numerals:the first,
five-eights, nine-fortieths, 3.25, 0.35, couple, brace, dozen,
gross, single,triple (treble) for times, a hundred times, every ten
days, by twos, two by two,several, (a) few, a lot of, a number
(of).
5. Translate into English:1. W. Shakespeare s-a nscut la 23
aprilie 1564 la Stratford-upon-Avon, un orella 92 de mile de
Londra, fiind al treilea copil al lui John Shakespeare. 2. A
fostdecorat de trei ori pentru meritele sale deosebite. 3. Pentru
cpasiunea lui estevntoarea i-a cumprat o pereche de cini de
vntoare. 4. Studenii au intrat nsala de examen unul cte unul. 5.
Sute de oameni ateptau cu nerbdare rezultatul
acestui meci de football, foarte important pentru campionatul
mondial. 6. Avemseminar de limba englez de dou ori pe sptmn. 7. O
treime din locuitoriioraului nostru a vizitat Muzeul de Art.
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THE TENSES OF THE INDICATIVE MOOD
1. Look at sentences AH below. Decide which sentence concerns:1.
permanent states, actions and situations2. current projects
3. regular events, routines and frequency4. programmes and time
tables5. facts, general truths6. actions in progress now7.
temporary situations8. changes and developments.What tense is used
in each?
A. Our company produces computer software for business
applications.B. Would you like to hold? Ms. Mellow is speaking on
the other line.C. The sales people arrive at about 8.00 and we open
at 8.30D. Miss Deal is ill, so Im dealing with all the
correspondence.
E. The British Ariways flight to Manchester departs at 20:00 and
arrives at 23:30.F. The papers on the disk belong to our teacher.G.
It is currently developing a new auditing department and
negotiating with the Council formore office space.H. Stockbrokers
deal in stocks and shares.
2. Complete the information about 3Ms business activities with
the verbs inthe box, in the
right form; some may be used more than once:be, involve, see,
have, range, put, give, export, spend, account, depend, bolster3M 1
the epitome of all that is best in corporate America. To stay on
top, thecompany 2 its virtues to Europe Its 60.000 products 3 from
medical imaging
equipment to Scotch tape. It 4 more than 6% of its total sales
on R&D. 3M .5 itsfuture as lying increasingly outside the U.S.
Europe 6 for some 30% of its worldwidesales and one quarter of its
employees. That 7 3M among the 300 largest companies inEurope.
Although 3M 8 only 150 Americans working for the company outside
the US,the language of EMATS is English. A vast data-base 9
employees instant access tocompany experts. Technical forums 10this
process increasing the chances ofcrossfertilisation.Group Talks
with Desi (n.b. Mr. Desimone) 11 the chairman directly inthis
process. Its future 12 on how well the company has learnt to addpt
to change.
3. Talk about your daily programme and student life using the
prompts below and your
inventiveness:Model 1:Prompt: live / hostel?Student 1: Do you
live at the hostel?Student 2: Yes, I do. / No, I dontModel
2:Prompt: Where / usually learn?Student 1: Where do you usually
learn?
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Student 2: I usually learn in the reading room.Prompts: What
time / get up as a rule?- always walk to the faculty?How / do/ get
to school as a rule?- have classes every morning?
Which subject(s) of study / like best?When / do/ homework?-
usually participate in professional competitions / scientific
workshops?When / begin/ summer vacation?Where / usually go on
holiday?
4. Complete the dialogue using the verbs in brackets:
x. Where (come) from?y.I (come) from China.x. (you / live) in
Beijing?y. No, I (not), I live in Shanghai.
x. What (you / do)?y. Im an accountant . I (work) for
Coca-Cola.x. (you / travel) a lot?y. No, (I / not) at least not
very often.
5. Look at Exercise 4 again and ask and answer questions about Y
in the 3rdperson:
e.g. Where doesYcome from?
6. Open the brackets and put the verbs in eithersimple present
or present continuous.Note that verbs describing perception,
states, beliefs, or which make a declaration
are never, or rarely, used in the continuous aspect.
1. We (think) of opening another office in Bucharest shortly. We
(think) this willhelp us to improve our performance in Romania.2.
Our records (show) that you (owe) us 1,000.3. CIF (mean) that
insurance is included in the quotation.4. The consignment (measure)
2 x 1 x 15 and (weigh) 50 kilos.5. Our marketing people (try) to
find a brand name that (sound) natural andsophisticated.6. I
(taste) our new instant coffee and I (be) very pleased: it (taste)
better than theolder one.7. Ms. Brown (not seem) to be in the
office.8. I (not / know) what time Ill be with you, it (depend) on
the traffic.9. I (agree) that payment terms should be changed; I
(suggest) a 2.5% reduction.10. We (confirm) that we (spend) some
weeks studying the German market.11. What trends (you notice) in
this sales chart?12. It (seems) that stative verbs are not normally
used in the progressive.
7. Complete this news item with suitable verbs from the margin.
It concerns the present time.treathelpapproach
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pipebelievekeeptalkallowgivelike
perkputcallgive
playDANCING YEASTBritish gardeners to their plants, so why
shouldnt some Japanesebakers music for their bread? Shikishima
Banking Co., in Nagoya, that classical music to dance and up the
taste ofits white bread. The bakery its dough in a freezer, then
inBeethoven for three days to give the yeast a dash of verve. It
the
bread Pasco Adagio because, says Yukichi Minowa, Shikishimas
salesmanager, the yeast slow, adagio-type music. It the breadmore
body and a sweeter taste, he .Sake brewers are joining the fad.
Ohara Shuzo brewery, in Fukushumaprefecture, its fermenting Kura
Shikku (Classic) sake to Mozarttwice a day Music the microorganisms
in yeast from dying, saysFumiko Ohara of the brewery. What next?
Will Frank Sinatra wander thevineyards of Bordeaux, singing his
great hits as the harvest ? Itshould be a very good year.
8.Look back at Exercise 7 and ask a few questions about the
text.e.g.How do British gardeners treat their plants? OrWho(m) do
British gardeners talk to?
9. A. Think about the way of life of people in Romania: how life
is organize; education,customs, etc.Make generalisations about the
groups below using verbs in the Simple Present and
the generalising phrases from the box whenever appropiate:
Example: Childrengo to school at the age of seven.Many people In
general Most families Generally speaking Children On the whole The
rich As a rule The poor usually The famous generally Young people
never Old people Most women (Most) students You may add other
categories.
9. B. Then use these ideas to ask your foreign colleagues about
their way of life.
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Example: What do students usually do at weekends?9. C.1. Write
five generalisations about the inhabitants of five different
countries. Do notname the country and do not write about your own
nationality.
9. C.2.Now exchange lists with your partner, then with the
entire class; try to guess whichnationalities they have written
about. Discuss how true these generalisations are.
10. Choose the correct form, simple or continuous, to give
meaning to the dialogue below:John: Mike, what.(do you do / are you
doing)Mike: I (read / am reading) a report on stress. According to
this, life becomes / isbecoming) too stressful for some people.
Scientists (just develop / are justdeveloping) a test to see what
kind of personality responds to certain situationsinvolving
stress.Speaking of stress, you know that man Woods (is moving /
moves) to advertising.John: Yes, what about him?Mike: Well, he (is
going / goes) to hospital for a check up tomorrow. Apparently he
never
(leaves / is leaving) the office before ten oclock every night.
I hope we (dont get /arent getting) like that! I (work / am
working) hard myself, but I certainly (know /am knowing) when to
stop.John: I cant agree less, you know: All work and no play (makes
/ is making) Jack a dullboy.
11. A colleague of yoursisters keeps telephoning her, but she
doesnt want to speak to him,
so she asked you to save her each time he rings.
Use the verbs in brackets in the right form of the present
tense, simple or continuous:1. Sorry I cant hear very well, Jean
(use) the hairdryer. Just a moment. She (say) Coud you call back
later?2. Im sorry, but she cant come to the phone. She (paint) her
nails.3. Im sorry, but youve just missed her. She (go) to a
Business English course onFriday evenings.4. Im sorry, but she isnt
back yet. She (usually come) home at about 10oclock.5. Yes, shes
back, but she (have) a bath. Hm. I know she had a shower
earlier.She (always have) a shower before she (go) out and a bath
before she(go) to bed. She (say) it (help) her to sleep.6. She (be)
still in the bathroom, Im afraid, I think I can hear music, so
Isuppose she (listen) to cassettes.7. Im terribly sory, but shes
probably asleep by now. Yes, youre right its stillearly, but she
(get up) at seven oclock so she always (go) to bed beforeeleven.
Shall I ask her to call you tomorrow?
12. Put the verbs in brackets in the present tense, simple or
continuous, according tomeaning:
a) This house, said the real estate salesman, (have)both its
good points and its badpoints. To show you I (be) honest, Im going
to tell you about both. Thedisadvantages (be) that there (be) a
chemical plant one block south and astaughterhouse a block
north.
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What (be) the advantages? inquired the prospectivebuyer.The
advantage (be) that you (can) always tell which way the wind
(blow).b) Ive invented a computer thats almost human.You (mean) it
(think)?No. But whenever it (make) a mistake it (can)put the blame
on another computer.
c) Two cangaroos were talking to each other and one said, I
(hope) it (not rain)today, I just (hate) it when the children
(play) inside.
13. Talk about present actions (general, in progress and which
started in the past, using the
prompts):
Model: A.Do you learn every day?B. Yes, I do.A.Are you learning
(now)? or What are you doing (now)?B. Yes,I am, orIm learning at
maths.A.How long have you been learning at maths?B. Oh, for two
mouns, since I came back to the motel.
Prompts:1. Watch television.2. Live at the motel.3. a) work on a
report; b) in the laboratory.4. Study for the exams.5. Play
basketball.6. Listen to music.7. Write letters.8. Think a) you have
a gift for languages; b) of your future profession.9. See films10.
Know a) him; b) statistics.(Note that verbs to think [meaning: a
crede], to see, to know, do not take thecontinuous).
14.Join the sentences with since or for plus a time expression
to show that the presentaction started in the past and has been
going on for some time now:1. Economic needs and priorities have
always changed. They are still changing.2. When expert systems were
developed, software grew more mature, but itsmaturity is a long way
off.3. I first met Laura in September 1994, when we both came to
ASE and we madefriends at once; we decided to share everything
together and weve kept ourword.4. As a manager, I have to work
quite long hours; I am used to it now. It was moredifficult at
first, when I got this job.5. Understanding needs, finding
solutions: this is how Alcatel constantly opens newpaths to
progress in each country where it operates. This has always been
itsmission.6. I am working at the computer and I am in a hurry to
finish since I started earlymorning.7. She is busy e-mailing my
report at the moment; I asked her to do it a couple ofminutes
ago.
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15. Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or the
present perfect continuous tense.
In some cases both could be used.
1. We (walk) ten miles. 2. How long you (walk)? 3. We (walk) for
three hours. 4.What you (do)? We (develop) a new computer system.
5. How many errors you(pick out)? We (pick out) ten errors. 6. I
(test) every computer in this centre and
I dont like any of them. 7. Since when he (sleep)? 8. He (sleep)
since tenoclock. Its time he woke up. 9. What a lovely smell ! Mary
(make) apple pie.10. The students (work) very well this term. 11. I
only (hear) from him twicesince he went away. 12. I (hear) from her
regularly. She is a very goodcorrespondent. 13. I (work) for him
for ten years and he never once (say) Goodmorning to me. 14. He
(teach) in this school for five years. 15. I (teach)hundreds of
students but I never (meet) such a brilliant class as this. 16. Why
you(be) so long in the garage? The tyres were flat. I (pump) them
up. 17. I (pump)up three tyres. Would you like to do the
fourth?
16. Fill in the blanks with suitable verbs in the right tense:
present perfect or present simple
or co