Getting Started: The Strategic Level
Getting Started: The Strategic Level
2©2010 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 2
Very Popular Scenario
My boss just told me we need to benchmark!
Where do I start?
How do you structure a benchmarking program?
Where should benchmarking report?
How do you govern benchmarking?
How do we ensure the entire organization benefits from our benchmarking activities?
3©2010 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 3
Focal Point for Benchmarking Activities
Decentralized
Centralized
Full‐Time Part‐Time
9.3%
3.3%
20.8%
21.3%
10.4%
35.0%
No Focal Point
Hybrid
Source: APQC; 2009 State of Benchmarking Study.N=183
4©2010 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 4
Random Acts of Improvement
Strategic
Operational
Tactical
OrganizationalPerformance
GroupPerformance
IndividualPerformance
Strategy, Goalsand Objectives
= Processes/Programs
= Benchmarking Activities
5©2010 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 5
Random Acts of Improvement
Strategic
Operational
Tactical
OrganizationalPerformance
GroupPerformance
IndividualPerformance
Strategy, Goalsand Objectives
= Processes/Programs
= Benchmarking Activities
6©2010 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 6
Strategy• Business
Improvement Opportunity
• Desired Market Position
• Target Market• Target Customer• Critical Success
Factors (CSF’s)• Benchmarking
Business Goal• Sourcing Approach• Executive
Commitment• Process
Classification Framework
• Quest for Continuous Improvement• Knowledge Sharing• Teamwork / Collaboration
• Learning • Open Minded • “Out of the Box” Thinking
Culture
Process• Benchmarking Methodology• Business Process Analysis• Project Management• Secondary Research
• Partner Identification• Primary Research• Partner Interviewing• Data Collection
• Data Analysis• Instrument Design• Report Development• Knowledge Transfer
Team StructureCORE
• Team Leader• Data Collectors• Analysts• Writers• Interviewers• “Out of the Box”
Thinkers
STRATEGIC• Executive Champion• Process Sponsor• Facilitator• Customer
• Project Management Skills• Process Analysis Methods• Research Methods• Data Collection Techniques
• Data Analysis Methods• Instrument / Tool Design• Interviewing Skills• Writing Skills• Presentation Skills• Implementation Skills
Competency
Tools• Benchmarking Code of Conduct• Process Classification Framework• Business Process Analysis Tools• Scope Management Tools• Project Management Software/Tools• Databases / Other Data Sources• Data Collection Software / Tools• Data Analysis Software / Tools• Report / Presentation Formats
Delivery Support• In-House Benchmarking
Competency Center• Third Party Benchmarking Company
• Executive Management• Benchmarking Partners• Implementation Support
Results
• Best Practices Identified from Inside and/or Outside the Industry
• Reduced Cycle Time for Innovation
• Avoidance of Mistakes from ‘Lessons Learned’ by Others
• Expanded Business/ Professional Network
Benchmarking Framework
7©2010 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 7
Strategy
• Business Improvement Opportunity
• Desired Market Position
• Target Market• Target Customer• Critical Success
Factors (CSF’s)• Benchmarking
Business Goal• Sourcing Approach• Executive
Commitment• Process
Classification Framework
• Quest for Continuous Improvement• Knowledge Sharing• Teamwork / Collaboration
• Learning • Open Minded • “Out of the Box” Thinking
Culture
Process• Benchmarking Methodology• Business Process Analysis• Project Management• Secondary Research
• Partner Identification• Primary Research• Partner Interviewing• Data Collection
• Data Analysis• Instrument Design• Report Development• Knowledge Transfer
Team StructureCORE
• Team Leader• Data Collectors• Analysts• Writers• Interviewers• “Out of the Box”
Thinkers
STRATEGIC• Executive Champion• Process Sponsor• Facilitator• Customer
• Project Management Skills• Process Analysis Methods• Research Methods• Data Collection Techniques
• Data Analysis Methods• Instrument / Tool Design• Interviewing Skills• Writing Skills• Presentation Skills• Implementation Skills
Competency
Tools• Benchmarking Code of Conduct• Process Classification Framework• Business Process Analysis Tools• Scope Management Tools• Project Management Software/Tools• Databases / Other Data Sources• Data Collection Software / Tools• Data Analysis Software / Tools• Report / Presentation Formats
Delivery Support• In-House Benchmarking
Competency Center• Third Party Benchmarking Company
• Executive Management• Benchmarking Partners• Implementation Support
Results
• Best Practices Identified from Inside and/or Outside the Industry
• Reduced Cycle Time for Innovation
• Avoidance of Mistakes from ‘Lessons Learned’ by Others
• Expanded Business/ Professional Network
Focus of Today’s Session
8©2010 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 8
Strategic Decisions You Have to Make1. Who are your customers?
2. What are your organization’s key business objectives and desired outcomes?
3. What are your Critical Success Factors (CSFs)? (What is the most direct thing you can measure that makes you successful?)
4. What are the core business processes impacting these CSFs?
5. How would you prioritize and select the processes that have the greatest impact on accomplishing your business objectives? (We all have limited resources).
6. What type of benchmarking activities are needed to improve your highest priority business processes?
9©2010 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 9
Who Are Your Customers?
Internal
External
Stakeholders
Stockholders
10©2010 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 10
Key Business Objectives
Should be established at the top level of the organization.Should cascade downward.
Enterprise‐level strategiesOperating units objectivesDepartment processes and programsStaff activities
Are communicated throughout the organization.Should have accompanying outcome measures.
11©2010 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 11
A Balanced Perspective
12©2010 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12
Critical Success Factors
Characteristics, conditions, or variables that have a direct influence on objectives
Areas where satisfactory performance is essential in order for a business to succeed
Examples:Product Quality
Order Fulfillment
Service Responsiveness
Reliability
13©2010 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 13
The APQC Process Classification Framework
14©2010 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 14
Process Classification Framework (PCF)The PCF decomposes functions down to the activity level. PCF levels are: category, process group, process, and activity.
Category: The highest level within the PCF, currently 12 major enterprise‐wide macro‐processes through which an organization delivers value to its customers and stakeholders.
Process Groups: PCF items with one decimal numbering (e.g., 8.1) indicate a process group; a logical collection of processes that deliver a major output or outcome inside the macro‐enterprise process.
Process: PCF items with two decimal numberings (e.g., 8.1.1) indicate processes; a collection of activities that deliver an output for a subsequent process in the process group. Together, they allow the process group to achieve its objective within the larger macro‐enterprise process category.
Activity: Items with three decimals (e.g., 8.3.1.1 and 9.1.1.1) indicate activities.
15©2010 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 15
Business ProcessesDefine Subgroups
7. Manage Information Technology and Knowledge7.1 Plan for information system management
7.1.1 Understand information and knowledge needs of business and users
7.1.2 Define and administer service levels
7.1.3 Develop information management and knowledge management strategies
7.1.4 Derive information system requirements from business strategies
7.1.5 Define enterprise information system architectures
7.1.6 Plan and forecast information technologies/methodologies
7.1.6.1 Conduct research
7.1.6.2 Manage IT offerings portfolio
7.1.7 Establish enterprise data standards
7.1.8 Establish information systems quality standards and controls
7.1.9 Establish information systems enterprise security standards and controls
16©2010 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 16
Core Process Ranking
17©2010 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 17
APQC’s Benchmarking Alignment WorksheetOrganizational Outcomes
(Strategies/Goals)Operational Outputs(Objectives/CSFs)
Tactical Processes and Initiatives
Process:
Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Process:
Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Process:
Metric 1:
Metric 2:
Process:
Metric 1:
Metric 2:
18©2010 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 18
Strategic Goals Drivers Processes
Management Performance
Cost, Schedule & Technical Performance
On‐Time Delivery
Accurate Estimate of Work
Inventory Planning, Control
Product Dev. Cost
Rqmts. Def., Stability, Flow
Requirements Definition
Preliminary Design
Detailed Design
Design Integration
Forecasting
Production & Test Cost
Cost/Quality/On‐Time SW
Supplier Management
Market Understand, Need
Test, Verification, Validation
Financial Performance
Growth
Product Innovation
Business Transformation
A Graphical View of LinkagesObjectives
19©2010 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 19
APQC’s Benchmarking Alignment Worksheet: Product Innovation Example
Organizational Outcomes(Strategies/Goals)
Operational Outputs(Objectives/CSFs)
Business Processes and Initiatives
Product Innovation Cost, Schedule & Technical Performance(Metric: Product Development Costs)
• Process: Requirements Definition
• Metric: Total Cost of Requirements Gathering Phase
• Process: Preliminary Design
• Metric: Total Cost of Preliminary Design Phase
• Process: Detailed Design• Metric: Total Cost of Detailed Design Phase
• Process: Design Integration
• Metric: Total Cost of Design Integration Phase
20©2010 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 20
Understanding Your Process
21©2010 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 21
Process Map Example
22©2010 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 22
APQC’s Benchmarking Alignment Worksheet
Organizational Outcomes
(Strategies/Goals)
Operational Outputs(Objectives/CSFs)
Tactical Processes and Initiatives
Scope of Benchmarking
Activities
Process: Benchmarking Scope:
Metric 1: Metric 1:
Metric 2: Metric 2:
Process: Benchmarking Scope:
Metric 1: Metric 1:
Metric 2: Metric 2:
Process: Benchmarking Scope:
Metric 1: Metric 1:
Metric 2: Metric 2:
Process: Benchmarking Scope:
Metric 1: Metric 1:
Metric 2: Metric 2:
23©2010 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 23
APQC’s Benchmarking Alignment Worksheet: Product Innovation Example
Business Processes and Initiatives Scope of Benchmarking Activities
• Process: Requirements Definition• Metric: Total Cost of Requirements Gathering Phase
• Technology enablement of requirements definition.
• Metric: Total IT costs for product innovation requirements gathering.
• Process: Preliminary Design • Metric: Total Cost of Preliminary Design Phase
• Role of engineering in preliminary design phase.
• Metric: Total hours spent by engineering FTE during preliminary design phase.
• Process: Detailed Design• Metric: Total Cost of Detailed Design Phase
• Process: Design Integration• Metric: Total Cost of Design Integration Phase
24©2010 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 24
Organizational Forecasting ExampleOrganizational Outcomes
(Strategies/Goals)Operational Outputs(Objectives/CSFs)
Tactical Processes and Initiatives
Top Performing WorkingCapital Management
Top Performing Financial Process Management
Process: Budgeting
Metric 1: Cycle Time to Complete Annual Budget
Process: Forecasting
Metric 1: Cycle Time to Complete MonthlyFinancial Forecast
Process: MarketEvaluation
Metric 1: Cycle Time to perform financial evaluation of changing market conditions and their impact on product mix
25©2010 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 25
Results of Benchmarking Exercise
102
22
32
68
1015
42
4 5
0
20
40
60
80
100
120 Company A
Median
Top
Cycle time to complete annual budget(days)
Cycle time to complete financial forecast(days)
Cycle time to perform financial evaluation of changing market conditions and their impact on product mix(days)
26©2010 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 26
Questions?
Next Step: Lunch!
27©2010 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 27
Working Session Exercise
Complete a Benchmarking Alignment Worksheet.
We’ll report out and discuss as a group
28©2010 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 28
Parking Lot Questions?