Velu Govindan, Leonardo Crespo-Hererra, Susanne Dreisigacker, Carlos Guzman, S. Mondal and Ravi P. Singh Global Wheat Program International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Email: [email protected]Getting good genes and high- throughput phenotyping for nutritious wheat breeding
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Getting good genes and high- throughput phenotyping for ......Dreisigacker, Carlos Guzman, S. Mondal and Ravi P. Singh Global Wheat Program International Maize and Wheat Improvement
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Velu Govindan, Leonardo Crespo-Hererra, Susanne Dreisigacker, Carlos Guzman, S. Mondal and Ravi P. Singh
Global Wheat Program
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)
Prevalence of stunting (a) and underweight (b) among >5 yr children
a
b
zinc.org
Increasing demand for nutritious diet – Linking
agriculture and nutrition a paradigm shift
Target areas and Zn breeding target
Baseline Micronutrient
Level in Commercial
Crop 25 ppm
Target 12 ppm
Nutritional quality from genetic resources in wheat: as sources for high zinc and iron
0
20
40
% e
ntr
ies
Zn concentration (ppm)
3-4 fold variation for Zn content in T. dicoccoides from Israel (>300 accessions) in
Zn-enriched area
0
50
100
150
200
Nu
mb
er
of
ac
ce
ss
ion
s
Grain Zn and Fe concentrations (mg/kg)
Zn (mg/kg)
Fe (mg/kg)
Up to 100 ppm Zn in Iranian landraces
0
10
20
30
40
45 50 55 60 70 80 <90
% e
ntr
ies
Grain Zinc (ppm)
T. dicoccon based synthetic wheat with 90 ppm Zn
Diverse genetic resources with high Zn
& Fe identified by 2005 and
subsequent years
Shuttle Breeding: Key to CIMMYT’s widely adapted germplasm
Winter Cycle:
Obregón
(28oN, 38 masl)
November - May.
Diseases: Leaf
Rust, Karnal bunt
Summer Cycle:
Toluca/El Batan
(18.5oN, 2600 masl)
May - October.
*Days getting
longer
•Days getting shorter
* Initial period after sowing
1,200 Km
29º
19º
Annually >400 simple and 300 top-crosses, early generation selection for agronomic traits (F1Top to F4)
selection for Zn and agronomic traits (>10,000 F5 & F6 small plots with repeated checks)
1st year yield trials (1,500 lines) = selection for yield and Zn (F6 & F7)
2nd year multi-env. yield trials (150 lines) = zinc and yield stability
HPAN and HPYT distribution to partners
8
From genetic resources to High zinc wheat in farmers’ fields of South Asia in less than 10 years
Zincol 2016: 1st high zinc wheat in Pakistan with +6 ppm Zn = 2000 tons of seed to be sown in 2016-17 OASIS/SKAUZ//4*BCN/3/2*PASTOR/4/T.SPELTA PI348449/5/BACEU #1/6/WBLL1*2/CHAPIO
Zn-Shakti’ PVS variety: Extra-early with +14 ppm Zn (40% increase) adopted by >40000 farmers in NEPZ
About 25 QTL were identified on 16 different chromosomes in diploid (T. monococcum and T. boeoticum), tetraploid (T. dicoccoides and T. durum), or hexaploid wheat (T. aestivum) sources
Zinc QTL discovery
Names of mapping population in black = outside CIMMYT research; Red = CIMMYT, Mexico work; Green = BHU/CIMMYT-India research; Orange = Turkish populations mapped at CIMMYT. Figures in parenthesis represents % phenotypic variation explained (PVE)
Chromosome Genom
e 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A T.monococcum ID-362, T.aestivum, Adana x 70711 (12%)
T. durum Langdon, T. dicoccoides G18-16
T.aestivum, Kenya Swara, (15%) T. aestivum, Adana x 70711 (14%)
T. aestivum Hanxuan 10
T. aestivum Hanxuan 10, T. dicoccoides G18-16, T. aestivum Xiaoyan 54, T. monococcum ID-362
T.spelta H+26 (PI 348449)(7%), T.aestivum Picus/Francolin(8.6%), T. aestivum Seri x SYN (8.3%)
T. aestivum, Adana x 70711 (9%), T.aestivum Lumai, T. dicoccoides G18-16, T. boeoticum Pau 5088, T. monococcum Pau 14087, T.aestivum RAC875-2
B T.aestivum Picus/Francolin(11.5%), Berkut x Krichauff(12%), Adana x 70711 (12%), T. durum Saricanak x MM5/4 (9%),
T.aestivum PBW 343 X Swara (12%), T. aestivum HUW 234 x T.spelta H+26
(PI 348449 (16%), Berkut x Krichauff (24%), T. aestivum, Adana x 70711 (10%)
T. aestivum Seri M82 x SYN (17%), T. aestivum Jing 411, T. aestivum RAC875-2
T.aestivum Picus/Francolin (9%)
T.aestivum, Seri x SYN (8.4%), T.dicoccoides G18-16, T.dicoccoides LDN (DIC-6B), T.durum, Saricanak x MM5/4 (12%)
T. dicoccoides G18-16
D T.aestivum Adana x 70711 (13%)
T.aestivum Picus/Francolin (6%)
T.aestivum Lumai 14
Common QTLs on Chr 1B (12%), 2B (17%), 3A (12-15%), 6B
(11%) & 7A (12%) identified and validated with GWAS
KASP SNP being used to advance and fine-map
Gene discovery for grain Zn in wheat
PBW343/Kenya Swara 177 RILs; PBW343: 50.1 mg/kg; Kenya Swara: 56.1 mg/kg
RILs: 44.0 to 70.6 mg/kg (means)
2B
3A
Seri M82 x SHW population PBW 343 x Kenya Swara population
Hao et al, 2014 Mol breeding
Crespo et al, 2016
MAS for 4B QTL for Seri M82 / SHW
Associated markers converted to more easy-
to-use KASP SNP assays. In collaboration
with S. Dreisigacker
New SNPs are under validation phase.
GWAS panel
HPAM panel of 320 advanced lines and
two checks (PBW343 and Waxwing)
These lines derived from 29-diverse
progenitors
90k Illumina SNP markers were used
for genotyping
The loci on chromosome 2B, 6B, 7B were
stably detected for association with high Zn
Obregon 2015-16
Obregon 2014-15
Two new SHW-derived / T. spelta derived biparental
populations
Findings: SHW-derived / T. spelta derived populations