Get your notebooks Quote to think about: “Religion is the human response to being alive and having to die.”

Get your notebooksGet your notebooks

Quote to think about: “Religion is the human response to being alive

and having to die.”

Test Re-Take InformationTest Re-Take Information• 1. Only unit tests can be re-taken

• 2. Vocabulary Tests CANNOT be re-taken

• 3. You have 1 week after test scores have been reported to you to complete a re-take

• 4. You must complete a corrective activity before you re-take the test

• 5. Only scores below a 70% are eligible for a re-take the re-take score cannot be higher than a 70%

What things in our landscape show What things in our landscape show evidence of religion?evidence of religion?

Figure out the Figure out the colors of each colors of each of the of the religions in religions in their their originaloriginal geographical geographical location. location.

Christianity Buddhism

HinduismIslam

Animistic Judaism

What do each of the colors What do each of the colors represent?represent?

What are the problems of this map?

Universalizing ReligionsUniversalizing Religions

• a religion that seeks converts• Examples: Christianity, Islam and Buddhism.

Ethnic ReligionsEthnic Religions

• A religion that is tied to a specific ethnic or cultural group and does not seek converts

• Examples: Animism, Hinduism and Judaism

• Why is it important to distinguish between the two?

3 Column Brainstorm3 Column Brainstorm• In your notebook, create a 3 column chart. Title

each column the following:

• Judaism

• Christianity

• Islam

• In the column for each religion, write down 5 things that you know or think you know about it

• Please remember to be honest, but also respectful of other students and their beliefs

HinduismHinduism

Get yourGet yourNotebookNotebook

The world’s oldest religion

Sacred Texts-HinduismSacred Texts-Hinduism• Sacred texts fall into two separate

categories:• “Sruti” (heard)

or “Smruti” (remembered).• Sacred texts include:

• Ihasasti: History or epics

• Puranas: Mythology

• Dharma Shastras: Law codes

Beginning of Hinduism: Beginning of Hinduism: BackgroundBackground

• Founded in India, earliest evidence found in the Indus and Punjab valleys

• No founder or founding date

• Hinduism notes have dated back to a latest of 2000 B.C. • oldest surviving

religions

Location of HinduismLocation of Hinduism

• Hinduism originated and is mainly located today in India

• Some Hindus are found in the United States and United Kingdom

• BELIEVES: Ethnic Religion: do not convert.

Polytheistic Religion:Polytheistic Religion: Hindu Deities/GodsHindu Deities/Gods• Trimutri/triad: 3 gods

• Brahma: god of creation, gives all life.

• Vishnu – master of past, present, and future

• Shiva – destroyer or transformer

Hindu Deities-GodsHindu Deities-Gods• Vishnu – One of the

chief deities – the “Destroyer”

• Ganesh – Clears life’s obstacles

Hinduism view on life and afterlifeHinduism view on life and afterlife

• Followers of the Hindu Religion believe in:• Karma: each action has a result, either good or bad.• Reincarnation: When you die you come back

based on how you lived your life i.e., good or bad karma.

• Meditation: practice you use to reach nirvana-enlightenment.

• If karma is resolved, the soul goes into moksa, or liberation

• When the karma is not resolved, the soul is reincarnated into another body

Views on life and afterlifeViews on life and afterlifeThere are four purposes in a Hindu’s life:

• Dharma – fulfilling your purpose

• Artha – Prosperity and success

• Kama – Enjoyment, sexuality, and desire

• Moksha – Enlightenment

WelcomeWelcome

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Hindu BeliefsHindu Beliefs• Hindus believe in

a vegetarian diet

• Slaughtering cows is illegal in almost every state in India

A common site in India: a cow in the city

Hinduism PRACTICESHinduism PRACTICES

• Many types of yoga • Ayurveda is the medical

practice originated in India by Hindus, and has diffused west

• Namaste Greeting is the most common Hindu greeting.• putting both hands

together, and a slight bow

A woman practicing yoga

Hindu Religious Holidays Hindu Religious Holidays

• Diwali – festival of lights : September – October

• Holi – festival of colors and spring : February – March

Holi – festival of colors and spring : February – MarchHoli – festival of colors and spring : February – March

• Hiranyakashipu is the great king of demons, and he had been granted a boon by Brahma, which made it almost impossible for him to be killed. He grew arrogant and attacked the Heavens and the Earth. He demanded that people stop worshipping gods and start praying to him.

• Despite this, Hiranyakashipu's own son, Prahlada, was a devotee of Lord Vishnu. In spite of several threats from Hiranyakashipu, Prahlada continued offering prayers to Lord Vishnu. He was poisoned but the poison turned to nectar in his mouth. He was ordered to be trampled by elephants yet remained unharmed. He was put in a room with hungry, poisonous snakes and survived. All of Hiranyakashipu's attempts to kill his son failed. Finally, he ordered young Prahlada to sit on a pyre on the lap of his demoness sister, Holika, who could not die because she also had a boon which would prevent fire from burning her. Prahlada readily accepted his father's orders, and prayed to Vishnu to keep him safe. When the fire started, everyone watched in amazement as Holika burnt to death, while Prahlada survived unharmed, the burning of Holika is celebrated as Holi.

Put all of your things away except Put all of your things away except for a PENCILfor a PENCIL

We are going to take a trimester 2 vocabulary pre-test

Know about 3 Abrahamic faiths?Know about 3 Abrahamic faiths?

• Get out notebook

Please take out your notebooks and a writing utensil.

The HebrewsThe Hebrews• Nomadic people who migrated to Egypt and became

enslaved by Ramses, The Pharaoh.

• The Hebrews finally settled in Palestine. While there they fought with the Philistines

• Later they were conquered by the Chaldeans and brought into slavery in Babylon (in modern-day Iraq).

• Eventually they are freed by the Persians and become known as Jews

• They are monotheistic, which is the belief in one god

Timeline as told in GenesisTimeline as told in Genesis• Abraham had been told by God that he will father

many nations

• His wife, Sarah, Knowing she is past the age of child bearing, tries to help Abraham by allowing Abraham to have a child by her handmaid that he might fulfill God’s promise.

• But Sarah gets jealous when Hagar (the Egyptian handmaid) conceives and Sarah beats her and Hagar runs away.

• God tells Hagar to go back to Abraham because the child she carries will be the founder of a great nation.

Timeline as told in GenesisTimeline as told in Genesis• Hagar comes back to Abraham

• Ishmael is born.

• God tells Sarah and Abraham that they will have a son together.

• Isaac is born.

• After Isaac is born, Ishmael and his mother are sent away.

• God intervenes to save Ishmael and his mother.

• God calls on Abraham to sacrifice Isaac who God calls Abraham’s “only son.”

• When Abraham dies, he is buried by both Isaac and Ishmael. He leaves everything to Isaac. And nothing to Ishmael.

Timeline as told in the QurTimeline as told in the Qur’’an an and the Islamic Commentariesand the Islamic Commentaries

• Before Ishmael is a toddler, Abraham takes the child and his mother to Mecca and leaves them there knowing that God will take care of them.

• *Abraham has a dream that tells him to sacrifice his only son Ishmael, but before he can do that, God stops him.

• Later Abraham takes various trips back to Mecca to find out how Ishmael is doing and he builds, with Ishmael’s help, a “House of pilgrimage for men” • Better known as: The Ka’bah

On a scratch-piece of paper:On a scratch-piece of paper:

• Write your name

• 1-3 A-HA moments from class today

• Hand it to me when you leave!

WelcomeWelcomeJUDAISMJUDAISM

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Judaism

JudaismJudaism• Became the basis for Christianity, and Islam• Developed the Kingdom of Israel in Palestine• Diaspora = Jewish settlements outside of

Israel; the scattering of Jews• Anti Semitism = anti- Jewish beliefs and

behavior• Zionism = belief that Jews had a right to a

homeland

JudaismJudaism• Founded: 1025 B.C.

• Founder: Moses

• Significant Leaders: Moses and Abraham• Sacred Text: Tanakh : 3 groups of books:

the Torah, the Nevi'im, and the Ketuvim. (old testament)

The The TorahTorah

JudaismJudaism• Monotheistic: Belief in one god• God is the creator and ruler of the universe• The Torah contains the moral and religious laws• God has not sent a messiah (savior) to earth• Do not seek converts

JudaismJudaism

• Yom Kippur• Is the holiest of Jewish holidays• Day of Atonement• Day of rest: Jews do not work or go to school

• Other Holidays• Passover: recognizing freedom from Egyptians • Rosh Hashanah: Jewish new Year • Hanukah: festival of lights

Judaism WorshipJudaism Worship• Place of worship

• A synagogue or temple

• A Rabbi is a religious

Leader

• Shabbat: Day of rest

• From sundown on Friday to sundown on Saturday

BuddhismBuddhism

Buddhism OverviewBuddhism Overview

• Started in India, Came from Hinduism

• 460 B.C.E or B.C.

• Founder: Siddhartha Gautama - the first Buddha- “The Enlightened One” • Was the prince of a kingdom in India• He achieved enlightenment by meditating

for long hours with no food, and went on for days and days with just one grain of rice

Buddhism Ideas and place of Buddhism Ideas and place of worshipworship

• Since it is a universal religion

• people convert to the religion

• Place of Worship:

• Pagoda

Buddhism Idea of GodBuddhism Idea of God

• Is not monotheistic or polytheistic

• Buddhism does not depend on the existence of a God who created the universe.

• Buddhism chooses to focus upon practical ways of life that can lead to a blissful state of being (enlightenment).

• Agnostic: Buddha did not rule out the existence of a God or gods altogether.

Beliefs: Buddhism: The 4 Noble Beliefs: Buddhism: The 4 Noble Truths Truths

1. The meaning of life is to suffer

2. Suffering is caused by craving

3. Suffering ends when desire ends (Nirvana)

4. To reach Nirvana, you must follow the Noble Eightfold Path laid out by Buddha

The Noble Eightfold Path: The Noble Eightfold Path: BuddhismBuddhism

1. Right view2. Right intention3. Right speech4. Right action5. Right livelihood6. Right effort7. Right mindfulness8. Right concentration

Buddhist and Hindu BeliefsBuddhist and Hindu Beliefs

• Karma is the belief that what you do to others will reflect on what happens to you (what goes around comes around)

• Karma is part of how they live their life

Buddhism: Afterlife: SamsaraBuddhism: Afterlife: Samsara

• Buddhists believe that you will continue to be born until you get your life right (reincarnation)

• When you die, you enter perpetual darkness, and using the lessons you learned in your life, you will either find your way to heaven or continue down the path of reincarnation.

Buddhist PracticesBuddhist Practices

• Meditation - Mental concentration and mindfulness

• Mantras - Sacred sounds

• Mudras - Symbolic hand gestures

• Prayer Wheels - Reciting mantras with the turn of a wheel

• Monasticism

• Pilgrimage - Visiting sacred sitesPilgrimage to Lhasa holy site

Buddhists SectsBuddhists Sects

• Theravada: which is practiced in India, Sri Lanka, portions of Southeast Asia, Indonesia, and Australia

• Mahayana: Most common; which was also founded in India, but practiced in China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and worldwide amongst Tibetan Buddhists

Important Celebrations/ HolidaysImportant Celebrations/ Holidays

• Vesak ("Buddha Day"): Buddha’s birthday, fist full moon day in May

• Have many holidays that follow the lunar calendar and vary based on ethnicity/location.

Christianity

QuizQuiz

• What is the holy book for Jews?

• What 2 religions came from Judaism?

• What is the word for God?

• Who is the Messiah according to Jews?

• Where do Jews worship and pray?

WelcomeWelcomeChristianity TodayChristianity Today

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Christianity OriginsChristianity Origins

• Began as a sect of Judaism.

• end of the world: Then came Jesus

• Jesus = messiah

• Jesus was crucified and rose from the dead.

• Official religion of the Roman empire.

Christianity OriginsChristianity Origins

• Founded: 35 A.D. After Jesus was executed by the Romans

• Area: Palestine/Israel• Significant Leaders: Moses &

Abraham (prophets) Jesus & his Apostles

• Monotheistic (one god)• Follow the teachings of Jesus

• Parables: Stories that teach lessons

ChristianityChristianity• Holy Book: Bible• Two parts:

• The Old Testament (Jewish holy book)

• New Testament (about Jesus)

Basic TheologyBasic Theology• The Ten Commandments

• Seek Converts: Universalizing religion

Christianity and WorshipChristianity and Worship• Day of worship:

• Sunday, the Sabbath day (day of rest)

• Place of worship:• Church• The church leader = Priest,

Pastor, Minister or preacher (depending on sect)

3 major Sects of Christianity3 major Sects of Christianity

• The East–West Schism in 1054: • Western-roman -Roman catholic Church• Eastern- Greek -Eastern Orthodox • Split based on who should hold power, geography, ideas

of Eucharist.• Catholics vs. Protestants

• Catholics- largest group worldwide• Protestants (any non-catholic)

• Baptists are the largest sect of Christians in the United States• Other sects include:

• Lutherans, Baptists, Evangelical, Mormons, Jehovah Witness, Methodists, Pentecostal, Presbyterians

ChristianityChristianity• Holidays:

• Christmas celebrates the birth of Jesus

• Time of bringing people together

• Easter is the celebration of Jesus’ rise into heaven at the end of lent (40 days)

Islam Timeline and Islam Timeline and BackgroundBackground

• Where started: Arabian peninsula i.e., Saudi Arabia

• When Islam Started: early 7th century.

• Founder: Muhammad

Islam Timeline and BackgroundIslam Timeline and Background• Muhammad- Prophet of Islam. Last and most

important prophet to god• Born about 570 A.D. Father died before he was born,

mother died when he was 6. Raised by his uncle: Abu-Talib

• Illiterate- makes revelation of Qur’an more miraculous. • Married Khadija. Had two sons and four daughters.

Only one lived longer than Muhammad.• Upset about the worship of many Gods…went into the

mountains to contemplate• Received a visit from Gabriel (angel)- would get

revelations like this the rest of his life.

MuhammadMuhammad

• Arabs rejected the monotheistic idea and Muhammad was forced to flee the city

• The Hejira (migration): The migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina

Distance250 miles

Islam: Holy TextIslam: Holy Text

• Qur’an or Koran- 114 chapters called surahs approx. 6,000 verses.

• exact word of god as told to Muhammad

• final authority• written in Arabic• Muslim: person who follows

Islam

Islamic BeliefsIslamic Beliefs

• Basic Theology: The Five Pillars

• Shahadah: Belief in one god, Allah

• Salah: Prayer 5 times a day

• Zakah: Charity (2.5% a year.)

• Sawm: Fasting during the Holy month of Ramadan-

• Hajj: A pilgrimage to Mecca.

BeliefsBeliefs

• Monotheistic: Allah is God

• Jihad: inner struggle to live a good life.

• May include duty to win people over to Islam.

• Universalizing (convert people)

• Shari’ah Law: religious laws.

Islam and WorshipIslam and Worship

• everyday is holy: Friday mid-day prayer is done at the Mosque

• Imam= leads prayers

• No official or organized “service” like that of Judaism or Christianity

Islamic HolidaysIslamic Holidays

• Ramadan• 9th month of the Muslim year-Qu’ran given • Muslim fast from dawn until dusk

• Eid ul-Fitr• Marks the end of Ramadan• Time of gathering with friends and family

and communal prayer• Presents are given and received, new clothes

are worn and cemeteries can be visited

Muslim practicesMuslim practices

• Dress: dress modestly, men and women do not mix freely in more strict countries

• Diet: Do not eat pork. • Halal meat (similar to

kosher foods for Jewish people)

• Alcohol is forbidden.

WelcomeWelcome

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SectsSects

• Sunni: 90% of Muslims.

• Shi’ah: more strict; Does not recognize the first 3 successors of Muhammad. Only sees the 4th as Muhammad’s true successor.

• Iran, Iraq, Bahrain

Trends TodayTrends Today

• Second largest religion

• Fastest growing religion

• Indonesia is the largest Muslim country

The BIG QuestionThe BIG Question• Explain your opinion of Judaism,

Christianity and Islam at the start of this unit.

• How did you opinion change from last week to this week?

• What patterns or similarities can be seen between Judaism, Christianity and Islam?

• List 3-5

Please take out your notebooks Please take out your notebooks and a writing utensil.and a writing utensil.

• About 250,000 people- (big religion in the Persian Empire)

• Founded by Zarathustra- (Zoroaster) 1400-1000 BCE.

• Gatha’s- Holy Book.• Nature worshipers- sun, moon, earth, fire, water.• Rivaled Christianity in the Roman empire.• Dualistic- good god and angels, evil god and

demons.• Zoroastrian ethics: good word, good thought,

good deed.• Monotheistic

ZoroastrianismZoroastrianism

ZoroastrianismZoroastrianismAhura Mazda: One supreme God. Worship others,

but Mazda was the top.

Saoshyants (“those who benefit the community”)

Plato- Greece and Persia

15- Zoro put on a Kusti

ZoroastrianismZoroastrianismZoroaster had very little success at first.

Zoroastrian death process: Dakhma (tower of silence)

Zoroastrianism TodayZoroastrianism Today

• Located in Middle East.

• What to do with the dead…