Get App Look Scan CHILDBIRTH EXPERIENCE · 29 Choosing Care for Yourself 94 and Your Baby Choosing a Hospital or Birthing Center 29 Tours 29 Choosing a Health Care Provider for Your

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Introduction

The purpose of this book is to help you understand pregnancy, the process of labor and birth, newborn care and breastfeeding. The more knowledge you have of the process

of birth, the more likely you will approach your personal journey with confidence.

Special thanks to the many people all over the country who helped with suggestions, advice and support. Without their expertise and guidance, this publication could not

have been produced in an accurate and complete way.

YOUR CHILDBIRTH EXPERIENCEA guide for pregnancy, birth and parenting

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54

CHAPTER ONEPrenatal Care

7 Prenatal Care Is ImportantChoosing a Provider 7What Happens at Office Visits? 7What Happens During the First Visit? 7What is Checked at Follow-Up Office Visits? 8When is My Due Date? 8How Often Will I Visit My Health Care Provider? 8

8 What Changes Will I Have?Dizzy or Fainting 8Headaches 9 Morning Sickness 9 Nose Bleeds 9 Sleep 9 Stuffy Nose 9 Urination 10 Weight Gain 10

10 Will My Baby Be Healthy?Genetic and Family History 10Prenatal Testing 11

12 Diseases and InfectionsChickenpox (Varicella) 12 CMV (Cytomegalovirus) 12 Flu 12 Genital Herpes 12 German Measles 12Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C 13HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) 13Listeriosis 13 Toxoplasmosis 13Zika Virus 14

14 VaccinesTetanus Diphtheria Pertussis (TDAP) 14High-Risk Pregnancy 15Warning Signs 15

16 How Does My Baby Grow Each Month?1st Trimester 162nd Trimester 173rd Trimester 17

18 How Do I Take Care of Myself? Work 18Travel 18Seat Belts 18

Baths 18Teeth 19Rest 19Clothing 19Tampons 19Household Cleaners and Bug Sprays 19Sex 19Street Drugs 20Alcohol 20Domestic Violence 20Smoking 21Medications 21Artificial Sweeteners 21X-Ray Studies 21Caffeine 21Stress 21

22 Why Do I Feel Like This?Backache 22Bottom and Leg Pain (Sciatica) 22Breast Changes 23Constipation 23Hemorrhoids 23Heartburn 23Loose and Aching Joints 23Leg Cramps 24Round Ligament Pain 24Shortness of Breath 24Skin Changes 25Swelling 25

26 What Should I Eat?Eating Well for Your Baby 26Foods to Avoid During Pregnancy 26 Vitamins 27Omega-3 Fats Are Important 27

27 Exercise During PregnancyThe Pelvic Rock 28The Squat 28Kegel Exercises 28

CHAPTER TWOLabor and Birth

29 Choosing Care for Yourself and Your BabyChoosing a Hospital or Birthing Center 29Tours 29Choosing a Health Care Provider for Your Baby 30Well-Baby Care 30

31 Prenatal Education Benefits of Classes 31Enrolling in Classes 31Childbirth Education Methods 31

32 Labor SupportCommunication 32

33 Doula

33 Comfort Measures During LaborRelaxation 33Focus and Distraction 34Cleansing Breath 34Breathing Patterns 34Changing Positions 35Touch and Massage 35Effleurage (Light Touch) 35Pressure 35Warm Water (Hydrotherapy) 3520-Minute Rule 35Heat and Cold 35

36 Understanding Labor and BirthWhat Your Body Is Doing 36Braxton Hicks Contractions 36Baby “Drops” 36Diarrhea and Vomiting 36Burst of Energy (Nesting) 36Mucous Plug 36Thinning (Effacement) 37Opening (Dilation) 37Station 37Dilation Chart 38

39 The Pain of LaborWhere Does the Pain Come From? 39Back Labor 39 Your Water Breaks 39How Will I know I am in Labor? 40How to Time Contractions 40When Should I Go to the Hospital/Birth Center? 40Warning Signs 41

42 Labor ManagementMonitoring 42Intravenous Fluids 42Pelvic Exams 42Induced Labor 43Breaking Your Water 43Getting Your Cervix Ready 43Medicine for Contractions 43

TA B L E O F CO N T E N T S

44 Pain Medicine During LaborEpidural Block 44Nitrous Oxide 45Spinal Block 45General Anesthesia 45Systemic Medication Chart 46Regional Anesthetics Chart 46

47 Labor GuideHow Long is Labor? 47Pre-Labor 47Three Stages of Labor 47

48 First StageEarly Labor 48Active Labor 50Transition 52

54 Second StagePushing 54Positions for Pushing 55 Birth 56

56 Third StageBirth of the Placenta 56

57 Assisted BirthEpisiotomy 57Forceps or Vacuum Extractors 57

58 Cesarean BirthPositions of the Baby 58Fetal Distress 58Placenta Problems 59Getting Ready for a Cesarean 60Recovery After Surgery 60Vaginal Birth After Cesarean (VBAC) 61

62 The Miracle of BirthImmediate Care 62Skin-to-Skin Bonding 62Apgar Score 62

63 What Will My Baby Look Like?Baby’s Head 63Color 63Lanugo 63Genitals 63Umbilical Cord 63Eyes 63Skin 63Milia 63Soft Spots 63Vitamin K 63ID for Your Baby 64

64 Goody Bag List for Hospital

CHAPTER THREEPostpartum Care

65 Physical Changes After BirthBirth Canal 65Bladder 65Bowel Movements 65Hemorrhoids 65Hair Loss 66Menstrual Cycle 66Muscles and Joints 66 Uterus 66Red Eyes 66Skin 66Vaginal Discharge 67Varicose Veins 67 Weight Loss 67

67 Self-CareManaging Postpartum Pain 67Baths and Showers 68Episiotomy Care 68Exercise 68Having Sex 69Perineal Care 69Preeclampsia 69Rest and Sleep 69Warning Signs 70

70 Emotional ChangesBe Realistic 70Postpartum Blues 71Postpartum Depression and Anxiety 71Warning Signs 71

72 To the New Partner

73 Take Time for Yourselves

CHAPTER FOURNewborn Care

75 Newborn ScreeningsJaundice 76

77 ImmunizationsBirth to 6 Months Immunization Schedule 77

78 Basic CareWell Baby Visits 78How to Use a Bulb Syringe 78 Warning Signs 78Stuffy Nose 79

Taking Your Baby’s Temperature 79Warning Signs 79Umbilical Cord Care 79Skin Care 80Cradle Cap 80Fingernails 80How to Bathe Your Baby 80

82 How to Diaper Your BabyDiaper Rash 83

83 Bladder and Bowels

84 CircumcisionCaring for the Circumcised Area 84

85 Newborn SensesWhat Your Baby Sees 85What Your Baby Hears 85What Your Baby Smells 85What Your Baby Tastes 85Touch 85

86 Infant BehaviorSleep 86Play 87Tummy Time 87

88 Why Is My Baby Crying?Colic 89Gas 89

90 Calming a Fussy Baby

91 Shaken Baby Syndrome

92 Developmental Milestones

93 Becoming A New FamilyPhysically 93Socially 93Emotionally 93

94 Single Parents

94 Family and Your NewbornGrandparents 94Big Brothers and Sisters 94Pets 95

95 Baby GearClothes 95Diapers 95Other useful items 95

96 Baby Furniture Safety TipsWarning Signs 97

TA B L E O F CO N T E N T S

Chapter 1 – Prenatal Care 76

TA B L E O F CO N T E N T S

Prenatal Care Is ImportantTake care of yourself now so that you and your baby will stay healthy. During prenatal care visits (doctor or nurse visits while you are pregnant), your health care team will talk with you about what you can do to help your baby get a healthy start in life. Go to all appointments with your doctor or nurse.

Choosing a Provider

Health care providers who care for pregnant patients include:

zz Obstetrician – a doctor who takes care of patients during pregnancy and birth.

zz Family Medicine Doctor – a doctor for people of any age. They also take care of patients during pregnancy and birth.

zz Nurse Practitioner – a nurse with extra training. They can do checkups and give medicine.

zz Certified Nurse Midwife – a nurse with training in pregnancy and childbirth. They can give prenatal care and attend the birth.

zz Physician Assistant – has trained with doctors and can do checkups, give medicine and order lab tests.

What Happens at Office Visits?

It is important to know how healthy you are to take the best care of you and your baby. The first office visit may take longer than all other visits. This is so your health care provider can do some exams and tests.

Follow-up visits are shorter. Your health care provider will look to see if you and your baby are having any health problems. The growth of your baby will also be checked. Blood tests or ultrasounds will be done at some visits.

What Happens During the First Visit?

Your health care provider will:

zz Ask you many questions about your health history.

zz Give you a physical exam and a pelvic exam.

zz Order the lab tests listed below.

zz Do all the things listed under Follow-Up Visits on the next page.

Lab tests:

zz Complete blood count

zz Urine test

zz Syphilis (sexually transmitted infection) test

zz Rubella (German Measles) check

zz Blood type, Rh factor and antibody check

zz Cervical and vaginal cultures (if needed)

zz Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C check

zz Urine culture (if needed)

zz HIV testing (if you agree)

zz Screening for cervical cancer (if needed)

zz Cystic fibrosis carrier screening (if needed)

98 Safe Sleeping and SIDS

99 What Does a Safe Sleep Area Look Like?

100 Car SeatsBasic Guidelines 100How to put your baby into a rear-facing seat 100

101 Hot Car Safety

102 Home SafetyFire and Hot Surfaces 102Keep Out of Reach 102Water 102Furniture 103Smoking 103Taking Baby Outdoors 103Websites with Useful Parent Information 103

104 Infant CPR (under 1 year of age)

105 Infant Choking (under 1 year of age)

CHAPTER FIVEBreastfeeding

107 Benefits of Breastfeeding

107 Exclusive BreastfeedingThe Breast 107Making Milk 107

108 Kinds of Breast MilkColostrum 108Transitional Milk 108Mature Milk 108

109 Feeding Your Newborn

109 How Will I Know My Baby is Ready to Breastfeed?

110 Breastfeeding PositionsBiological Nursing or Baby-Led Latch 110Cradle Hold 111Cross-Cradle Hold 111Side-Lying Hold 111Clutch or Football Hold 111

112 Guidelines for proper latchGetting Started 112Signs of a Good Latch 112Taking Baby Off The Breast 112Burping 112

113 How Do I Know My Baby Is Getting Enough to Eat?How Much Can My Baby’s Stomach Hold? 113Growth Spurts 113Cluster Feeding 113

114 Newborn Feeding PatternsBirthday Nap 114Learning Day 114All Day Buffet 114Night Owl 114

115 Breast CareSore Nipples 115Engorgement 115Blocked Ducts 116Mastitis 116

117 Breastfeeding Questions

118 Collecting and Storing Breast MilkExpressing Breast Milk 118Breast Massage 118Breast Pumps 118 Hand Expression 119How Often to Express 120Storing Breast Milk 120Freshly Expressed Breast Milk Storage Guidelines 120Healthy Eating and Breastfeeding 121Going Back to Work and Breastfeeding 121

122 Feeding Log

125 My Birth Wishes

126 Medical History Form

127 Resources

128 Glossary

131 Bibliography

132 Notes

Please Note: All words highlighted in PURPLE are clearly defined in the glossary.