International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2013): 4.438 Volume 4 Issue 4, April 2015 www.ijsr.net Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY Germination Variability in Different Populations of Cork Oak (Quercus suber L.) in Tunisia ABDESSAMAD. Abdessalem 1, 2 , KSONTINI. Mustapha 1 , et SALHI HANNACHI Amel 2 1 Laboratory of Physiology and Ecology Forestry, National Institute for Research in Rural Engineering & Forestry INRGREF Tunis, Tunisia 2 Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Immunology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, 2092 El Manar Tunis, Tunisia Abstract: The cork oak (Quercus suber L.) is a Mediterranean species, having great ecological and socioeconomic importance. In Tunisia this species occupies considerable areas including Kroumirie Mogods. Germination is a phenomenon that leads to the inert seed to a plantlet can emit its first leaves. It has various modes of expression. In the present work we have undertaken a study of germination performed semi-controlled conditions (nursery) of INRGREF (Tunis) different populations of cork oak in Tunisia: El Feidja (GHARDIMAOU), Beni M'ttir, Hammam Bourguiba, Dar Fatma, Oued Zena and Mejen Essef (Ain Draham), Ain Zana (Bouselm) Jebel Zouza (Nefza) Keff El Rand (Haouria), Steam Jdidi (Hammamet) and Jebel Kroufa and Bellif (Tabarka) located Kroumirie Mogods and Cap Bon. Our results showed that the maximum germination rate is very high (98-100%), respectively, for the people of Jebel Kroufa, Oued Ezzen, Keff El rand, Blessed Mtir and Hammam Bourguiba, Jebel Zouza and Mejen Essef of lesser degree for the people of El Feidja (95.83%) and Ain Zena (90.27%) by cons it is lower for the population of Bellif, Dar Fatma (86.41%) and Hammam Jdidi (72.83%). The lag phases recorded are of the order of 42 days, respectively, for the population of Dar Fatma, Hammam Bourguiba, Jebel Kroufa, Steam Jdidi, Ain Zena and Mejen Essef, 49 days for the people of Jebel Zouza 56 days for public of Bellif, Blessed Mtir and Keff El rand, 63 days for the people of Oued Ezzen and about 70 days for the people of El Feidja. The difference in germination between populations can be attributed to ecological and climatic conditions of the original site and / or specific biological conditions of the case study. Keywords: Germination, population, cork oak, variability, Tunisia 1. Introduction Forests, although they cover only one tenth of the surface of the planet, representing almost 90% of all biomass dominated by trees such as oaks and account for nearly half of the primary production biosphere [4]. The global distribution of these forests obeys great ecological gradients among current major explanatory factors, the temperature and water data provide a couple of prime importance, as well as genetic data that identify the variation between and within species population. The study of the germination of this species for assessing populations and help conservation by providing better production quantitatively and qualitatively. This is a first step in identifying the existence of the strongest sources and newer that seem best suited to the environment in Tunisia and help the conservation of the forest genetic heritage: the optimization of conduct cultivation of a variety of interest and selection of genotypes having outstanding characteristics. In this context a comparative study of germination of twelve populations of cork oak El Feidja (GHARDIMAOU), Beni M'ttir, Hammam Bourguiba, Dar Fatma, Oued Zena and Mejen Essef (Ain Draham), Ain Zana (Bouselm) Jebel Zouza (Nefza) Keff El Rand (Haouria), Steam Jdidi (Hammamet) and Jebel Kroufa and Bellif (Tabarka) the purpose of identifying the within population of cork oak. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1 Site Collection Seed The cork oak acorns L were collected from different locations in Kroumirie, Mogods and Cap Bon in Tunisia (72 individuals from each populations of Hammam Bourguiba [HB], Dar Fatma [DF], Oued Zeen [OZ], Aîn Zana [AZ]; Mejen Essef [ME]; Béni Mtir [BM]; Djebel Zouza [DZ] (Ain Draham) El Feidja [EF] (Gar Dimaou); Bellif [B] (Nefza); Djebel Khroufa [DK] (Tabarka); Keff El Rand [KR] (El Haouaria) and Hammam Jdidi [HJ] (Hammamet) (Tab 2 and Tab 3). The choice of the sites was carried out according to the geographical distribution, the bioclimat and the relief in December 2011(Table.1). 2.2 Germination Experiments In semi-controlled conditions in the nursery INRGREF Ariana under semi arid bioclimate higher. The acorns are sown in polythene bags of 12 cm diameter and 20 cm deep filled with a substrate (mixture containing 1/3 2/3 sand and humus cork oak) and whose composition physicochemical is given by (Table.1). Seeds were considered to be germinated when the radical emergence. After seed sowing, the germinated seeds were counted and eliminated every week for 140 days. Table 1 : Soil texture culture clay (en%) 10% pH 7.5 coarse sand 48% fine silt 3% total limestone 2% total nitrogen 560 ppm coarse silt 5% P 2 O 5 15 ppm organic matter 1.8% sandy 32% K 2 O 70 ppm Paper ID: SUB151595 1497
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International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2013): 4.438
Volume 4 Issue 4, April 2015
www.ijsr.net Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Germination Variability in Different Populations of
Cork Oak (Quercus suber L.) in Tunisia
ABDESSAMAD. Abdessalem1, 2
, KSONTINI. Mustapha1, et SALHI HANNACHI Amel
2
1Laboratory of Physiology and Ecology Forestry, National Institute for Research in Rural Engineering & Forestry INRGREF Tunis, Tunisia
2Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Immunology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, 2092 El Manar Tunis, Tunisia
Abstract: The cork oak (Quercus suber L.) is a Mediterranean species, having great ecological and socioeconomic importance. In
Tunisia this species occupies considerable areas including Kroumirie Mogods. Germination is a phenomenon that leads to the inert seed
to a plantlet can emit its first leaves. It has various modes of expression. In the present work we have undertaken a study of germination
performed semi-controlled conditions (nursery) of INRGREF (Tunis) different populations of cork oak in Tunisia: El Feidja
(GHARDIMAOU), Beni M'ttir, Hammam Bourguiba, Dar Fatma, Oued Zena and Mejen Essef (Ain Draham), Ain Zana (Bouselm)
Jebel Zouza (Nefza) Keff El Rand (Haouria), Steam Jdidi (Hammamet) and Jebel Kroufa and Bellif (Tabarka) located Kroumirie
Mogods and Cap Bon. Our results showed that the maximum germination rate is very high (98-100%), respectively, for the people of
Jebel Kroufa, Oued Ezzen, Keff El rand, Blessed Mtir and Hammam Bourguiba, Jebel Zouza and Mejen Essef of lesser degree for the
people of El Feidja (95.83%) and Ain Zena (90.27%) by cons it is lower for the population of Bellif, Dar Fatma (86.41%) and Hammam
Jdidi (72.83%). The lag phases recorded are of the order of 42 days, respectively, for the population of Dar Fatma, Hammam
Bourguiba, Jebel Kroufa, Steam Jdidi, Ain Zena and Mejen Essef, 49 days for the people of Jebel Zouza 56 days for public of Bellif,
Blessed Mtir and Keff El rand, 63 days for the people of Oued Ezzen and about 70 days for the people of El Feidja. The difference in
germination between populations can be attributed to ecological and climatic conditions of the original site and / or specific biological