Germany’s Energiewende Current and imminent challenges for ......establish harmonized market rules Federal Government Germany –Nuclear phase-out till 2022 –35% power generation

Germany’s Energiewende –

Current and imminent challenges for the

Transmission System Operator in Germany

Jens Jacobs

Transmission System Operation Brauweiler

Budapest, 04 December 2014

Transmission System Operation Amprion | 04 December 2014 | © Amprion 2

Agenda

Germany’s Energiewende - Framework

Transmission System Operation

Major Challenge: Transition of the Electricity System due RES

Impacts of RES on Conventional Generation and the Market

Cooperation of TSO and DSO: Cascade in Generation Dispatching

Outlook and Conclusion

Far-reaching changes due to the goals of the EU

and the German Federal Government

EU

– Completion of the European internal electricity market

– Integration of renewable energy sources (RES)

– „EU 20-20-20“:

-20% energy consumption; -20% greenhouse gas emission; +20% energy efficiency

– European Legislation – Network Codes – to guarantee system security and

establish harmonized market rules

Federal Government Germany

– Nuclear phase-out till 2022

– 35% power generation from RES till 2020 (80% till 2050)

– 40% reduction of greenhouse gases till 2020 (80% till 2050)

– 20% reduction of primary energy consumption till 2020 (80% till 2050)

3 Transmission System Operation Amprion | 04 December 2014 | © Amprion

Germany, quo vadis?

Road to “Green Revolution”



Agenda







6

UCI

Bahnhof

Bahnhof

UCI

extra high voltage network 380 kV /220 kV

high voltage network 110 kV medium voltage network 20 kV

low voltage network 0,4 kV

Substation

Transformer station

From power plant to households

380-kV / 220-kV:

- large-scale PPs - transits

110-kV:

- Industry PPs - Industry - RES Infeed

Distribution level:

- cutomers - distributed PPs

Transmission System Operation Amprion | 04 December 2014 | © Amprion


The electrical System “Transmission Grid”

Physical Unit (Lines, Transformer, Substation, Power Plant, Consumer

Installation, etc.)

International meshed system

Sensitive “real time” - System

Electrical Energy is not directly storable

Production and Consumption have to be balanced at any time

The Electrical System is operated in Real time (24h/365d)

EU Legislation and National laws (EnWG/EEG) define the Market

Rules and the legal framework

The Transmission System Operator (TSO) is in charge of security of

supply (§ 13 EnWG)

The Transmission Grid (380/220kV-Grid)

8

Structure of the German electrical power supply

TSO

380 kV

220 kV

110 kV

20/10 kV

380 V

Industry

Households

Utilities

TS

O-G

rid

D

SO

-Gri

d

Bulk-Industry

DSO

Dispersed

Generation

Conventional

Generation


So

urc

e :

Am

pri

on

Gm

bH


Security of Supply:

Backbone of Electricity Supply

Largest transmission system in Germany with a circuit

length of approx. 12,000 km at the 380/220 kV level and 165

substations

Connects the generation units of the lignite-fired power

plants on the lower Rhine with the hydroelectric stations in

the Alps: installed capacity of power plants approx. 40 GW

Through its central position in Europe, Amprion’s

transmission system is an important hub for electricity

trading between north and south as well as east and west:

approx. 4,000 schedule nominations per day

Interconnectors to eight foreign transmission system

operators in five countries (NL, L, F, CH, A) enables

Amprion to meet the specific transmission requirements of

European power traders at an utmost level of transmission

reliability

Amprion’s electricity network is part of the European

interconnected ENTSO-E system

380/220 kV Network of Amprion

Lower Saxony

Netherlands

North Rhine-

Westphalia

Hesse Belgium

Rhineland

Palatinate

France

Switzerland

Bavaria

Austria

380 kV extra high- voltage

transmission line

220 kV extra high-voltage

transmission line

Important switchgear

Baden

Wuerttemberg

So

urc

e:

Am

pri

on

Gm

bH


Amprion

50Hertz

Transmission

Transnet BW

TenneT

Operational Areas of German Transmission System

Operators

* in Germany

** Renewable Energy Act load compensation 2005

Amprion TenneT 50Hertz Transnet

BW

Network length [km] (380 kV) 5.300 5.800 6.870 1.970

Network length [km] (220 kV) 6.100 5.300 2.870 1.721

Served area [km²]* 73.100 140.000 109.000 34.600

Annual transmission [TWh] 27 20 18 11

Share load [%]** 35 32 19 14

Source : Amprion GmbH


The main control room: system control and system management

Tasks for Amprion (TSO Responsibility)

Tasks for the German TSOs (National Responsibility)

Coordination Center ENTSO-E RG CE North (International Responsibility)

Security first:

Transmission System Operation Amprion (I)


TSO Responsibility

system control and system management of the transmission grid 380/220 kV

disturbance management

congestion management (preventive und curative)

planning and acquisition of ancillary services

Load-Frequency-Control and managing controlling power range of the

Amprion control zone

management of Wind and PV and prediction of system load

system balancing

process technology and –data management

Security first:

Transmission System Operation Amprion (II)


Nationale Responsibilities

coordination of the power exchange programs between the German TSOs

and with foreign TSOs

pluralistic Load-Frequency-Control of the German control block

national quantity balancing of the German control block

Security first:

Transmission System Operation Amprion (III)


Internationale Responsibilities

international coordination of the power exchange programs RG CE North /

South with Swissgrid

international quantity balancing of ENTSO-E RG CE North

congestion forecast (DACF)

Data management and clearance for the ENTSO-E ITC Process

Hosting and server operation of process technology for CWE Market Coupling

Hosting and server operation of process technology for international security

analysis within TSC Security initiative (11 TSOs)

Hosting of the Security Service Center (Germany / The Netherlands)

Security first:

Transmission System Operation Amprion (IV)


Use of Balancing

Power

Forecast deviation

set point

frequency

50 Hz

Generation loss

Consumption Production

Forecast deviation (RES)

Tripped Load

Load interference

Load Frequency Control and Power Balance


DSO

Customer

TSO 2 TSO 1

n-1

Security of Supply: the „(n-1) - Criterion“

"N-1" CRITERION:

Any probable single event leading to a loss of Power System elements (generating set, transmission line, transformer, etc.) should not endanger the security of interconnected operation:

Loss of Consumption

Interconnected System Stability

Violation of limit values (Current, Voltage, Frequency Deviation)

Cascade of Tripping


“N-1” Security Criterion: Regional Approach

Observability area of Amprion

responsibility area

(Amprion)

165 substations

observability area

435 substations

Source: Amprion GmbH

Dramatic extended

data volume for

On-line Calculations

• Load flow Analysis

• (n-1)-Security

Calculations


Founded 19 December 2008 and fully

operational since 1 July 2009

Represents 42 TSOs from 34 countries

525 million citizens served

828 GW generation

305,000 km of transition lines managed by the TSOs

3,400 TWh/year demand

400 TWh/year exchanges

5 synchronous areas

Replaces former TSO organisations: ATSOI, BALTSO, ETSO, NORDEL, UCTE, UKTSOA

The European Interconnected System

ENTSO-E

Source: ENTSO-E

525 Million


Agenda







Directly Effected power plants

Biblis A 1167 MW

Neckarwestheim 645 MW

Philippsburg 1 890 MW

Unterweser 1345 MW

Isar 1 878 MW

Biblis B 1240 MW

Brunsbüttel 771 MW

Krümmel 1345 MW

Total 8 281 MW

Nuclear phase out in Germany, March 2011

20 20

Nuclear power plants in Germany


2015:

Grafenrheinfeld 1275 MW

2017:

Gundremmingen B 1284 MW

2019:

Philippsburg 2 1402 MW

2021:

Brokdorf 1410 MW

Grohnde 1360 MW

Gundremmingen C 1288 MW

2022:

Emsland 1329 MW

Isar 2 1410 MW

Neckarwestheim 1310 MW

Total 12.068 MW

Nuclear phase out in Germany till 2022

21 21

Nuclear power plants in Germany


Additional loss of 4000 MW in

the South in the next 5 years!

others5%

gas11%

renewables23%

lignite26%

cole20%

nuclear power15%

others5%

gas11%

renewables23%

lignite26%

cole20%

nuclear power15%

wind

biomass

PV

hydro

7,9%

7,6%

4,5%

3,4%

Generation mix in Germany 2013

Share of renewable energy 23%

22

Total

629 Bil. kWh

Source: BDEW 01/2014

Systemführung Netze Brauweiler | 24.03.2014 | © Amprion

RES in Hungary: ≈ 7 − 8%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

2010 2011 2012 2013

Others

Gas

Renewables

Lignite

Hard coal

Nuclear

Development of Generation Capacity in Germany

since 2010 (share of primary energy)

23

Total generation in

Germany [Bil. kWh]:

2010 605

2011 612

2012 617

2013 629


So

urc

e:

Am

pri

on

Gm

bH

24

Renewable Generation leads to an inharmonic and unusual power flow in the

Grid:

In Germany Wind generation is installed in the northern and eastern part

of the country

High Wind power leads to bulk energy flows from North to South because

most industry is concentrated in southern part of Germany

Impacts of Renewable Generation on

Grid Security (1)


25

Renewable Generation leads to an inharmonic and unusual power flow in the

Grid:

In Germany PV generation is installed in the southern part of the country

High PV power leads to bulk energy flow in DSO grid and from DSO to

TSO

Impacts of Renewable Generation on

Grid Security (2)


4.162

6.201

8.144

7.473

8.445

18.321

22.796

31.038

59.882

75.324

4.772

7.698

8.551

8.254

10.531

20.150

22.959

34.660

61.108

91.413

4.855

8.526

8.586

8.592

11.180

21.262

22.970

36.488

61.946

98.588

Denmark

Canada

Italy

France

UK

India

Spain

Germany

USA

China

2014 (1st half) 2013 2012

26

Top 10 Countries by Total Wind Capacity [MW]

2012 to 2014 (first half)

So

urc

e:

Wo

rld

Win

d E

ne

rgy A

sso

cia

tio

n


Hungary: ≈ 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝑴𝑾 (2013)


Source: IWES, TSOs

Wind Power Development in Germany

42 74155

309

505428

534

793

1.5681.665

2.659

3.247

2.645

2.037

1.871

1.200

1.800

1.600

1.880

1.357

1.913

2.500

2.055

1.880

110 193 334 643 1.1371.5462.0822.875

4.445

6.095

8.754

12.061

14.60916.629

18.500

19.700

21.500

23.100

24.980

26.387

28.300

30.800

32.855

34.735

0

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

30.000

35.000

40.000

0

500

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

3.000

3.500

1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013

Development of Capacity

Accummulated Capacity(End of Year)

MW MW

0

1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000J

an

Feb

Ma

r

Ap

r

Ma

y

Ju

ne

Ju

ly

Au

g

Sep

t

Oct

No

v

Dec

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014*

Average


Monthly Production of Wind Energy in Germany 2006 to 2014 (1st half)

GWh

2014*: 1st half Source: Online Extrapolation German TSO

29

Top 10 Countries by Total PV Capacity [MW]

2011 to 2013

2.088

1.377

905

4.260

2.974

3.959

4.914

12.807

3.300

24.858

2.772

2.415

1.831

4.538

4.090

7.328

6.632

16.454

6.800

32.462

3.009

3.226

3.377

4.640

4.733

12.079

13.599

18.074

19.720

35.766

Belgium

Australia

UK

Spain

France

USA

Japan

Italy

China

Germany

2013 2012 2011


Hungary: ≈ 𝟏𝟓 𝑴𝑾 (2013)


PV Development in Germany

Source: BNetzA, TSOs

3.806

5.515

7.200

8.654

4.630

1.2295.979

9.785

15.300

22.500

31.154

35.78437.013

0

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

30.000

35.000

40.000

0

1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000

9.000

10.000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*

Development of Capacity

Accummulated Capacity(End of Year)

MW MW

2014*: 1st half


0

1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

Jan

Feb

Mar

Ap

r

Ma

y

Ju

n

Ju

l

Au

g

Sep

Okt

No

v

De

c

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014*

Average

GWh

2014*: 1st half

Monthly Production of PV Energy in Germany 2010 to 2014 (1st half)

Source: Online Extrapolation German TSO

0

1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000

9.000Ja

n 1

0F

eb

10

Mrz

10

Ap

r 1

0M

ai 10

Ju

n 1

0Ju

l 10

Au

g 1

0S

ep

10

Okt 1

0N

ov 1

0D

ez 1

0Ja

n 1

1F

eb

11

Mrz

11

Ap

r 1

1M

ai 1

1Ju

n 1

1Jul 11

Au

g 1

1S

ep

11

Okt 1

1N

ov 1

1D

ez 1

1Ja

n 1

2F

eb 1

2M

rz 1

2A

pr

12

Ma

i 1

2Ju

n 1

2Ju

n 1

2A

ug

12

Sep 1

2O

kt 1

2N

ov 1

2D

ez 1

2Ja

n 1

3F

eb

13

Mrz

13

Apr

13

Ma

i 1

3Ju

n 1

3Ju

l 13

Au

g 1

3S

ep

13

Okt 1

3N

ov 1

3D

ez 1

3

onshore Wind Solar

Wind / PV – installed capacity in Amprion grid

32

MW


0

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

30.000

35.000

40.000

Wind D

Installiert Wind D

max. Wind: 25.741MW

approx. 78% of the inst. capacity

(05.12.2013, 18:00)

min. Wind: 126MW

approx. 0,4% of the inst. capacity

(04.09.2013, 14:00)

MW

PDE


Wind Energy: Installed Capacity and Production (2013)

h-Values for 2013 0

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

30.000

35.000

40.000

Windgeneration

Installed capacity

So

urc

e :

Am

pri

on

Gm

bH

0

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

30.000

35.000

40.000

PV D

Installiert PV D

max. PV : 23.952MW


(21.07.2013, 14:00)

MW

PDE


PV Energy: Installed Capacity and Production (2013)

h-Values for 2013

0

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

30.000

35.000

40.000

PV generation

Installed capacity

So

urc

e :

Am

pri

on

Gm

bH

0

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

70.000

80.000

EE D

Installiert EE D

Jahres-Mittel EE

max. RES*: 35.768MW

Wind: 16.698MW

PV: 19.070MW


(18.04.2013, 13:00)

min. RES*: 148MW

Wind: 148MW

PV: 0MW

approx. 0,5% of the inst. capacity

(17.02.2013, 04:00)

MW

PDE


RES Energy: Installed Capacity and Production (2013)

h-Values for 2013

0

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

70.000

80.000

RES generation

Installed capacity

Average generation

So

urc

e :

Am

pri

on

Gm

bH

0

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

70.000

80.000

EE D

Installiert EE D

Jahres-Mittel EE

MW

PDE

max. RES: 35.768 MW

Wind: 16.698 MW

PV: 19.070 MW

approx. 56% (18.04.2013)

min. RES: 148 MW

Wind: 148 MW

PV: 0 MW

approx. 0,5% (17.02.2013)


RES Energy: Installed Capacity and Production (since 2011)

h-Values 2014*: 1st half

0

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

70.000

80.000

RES generation

Installed capacity

Average generation

So

urc

e :

Am

pri

on

Gm

bH


Wind Power Forecast Optimization (1/2)

Example: 25.05.14 forecast of 26.05.14 – total German wind

Forecast Combination

So

urc

e :

Am

pri

on

Gm

bH


Wind Power Forecast Optimization (2/2)

Example: 26.05.14 – total German wind

Forecast Combination

So

urc

e :

Am

pri

on

Gm

bH

0

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

70.000

80.000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

PV*

Wind*

Summe Wind+PV*

Last Deutschland**

MW

Wind and Solar Infeed vs. Load in Germany

Time: Thursday, 10 April 2014 (day with lowest share of renewable energy covering load)

39

10 April 2014 , 21:00 h

Load approx. 65.900MW

Wind+PV-Infeed approx. 240MW

Data Source: * Netz-Transparenz ** ENTSO-E h-values


approx. 0,4% of load covered by renewables

more than 65.000 MW conventional generation and Import!

0

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

70.000

80.000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

PV*

Wind*

Sum Wind+PV*

Load Germany**

So

urc

e :

Am

pri

on

Gm

bH

0

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

70.000

80.000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

PV*

Wind*

Summe Wind+PV*

Last Deutschland**


Time: Sunday, 11 May 2014 (day with highest share of renewable energy covering load)

40

h-values


Data Source: * Netz-Transparenz ** ENTSO-E

11 May 2014, 14:00 h


Wind+PV-Infeed approx. 36.600MW

MW

approx. 69% of load covered by renewables

approx. 17.000 MW conventional generation and Import!

0

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

70.000

80.000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

PV*

Wind*

Sum Wind+PV*

Load Germany**

So

urc

e :

Am

pri

on

Gm

bH

0

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

70.000

80.000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

PV*

Wind*

Summe Wind+PV*

Last Deutschland**


Time: Saturday, 12 April 2014 (day with lowest renewable infeed)

41

h-values



12 April 2014 , 06:00 h


Wind+PV-Infeed approx. 180MW

MW

approx. 0,4% of load covered by renewables

more than 46.500 MW conventional generation and Import!

So

urc

e :

Am

pri

on

Gm

bH

0

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

70.000

80.000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

PV*

Wind*

Sum Wind+PV*

Load Germany**

0

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

70.000

80.000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

PV*

Wind*

Summe Wind+PV*

Last Deutschland**


Time: Monday, 14 April 2014 (day with highest renewable infeed)

42

h-values



14 April 2014 , 15:00 h


Wind+PV-Infeed approx. 37.600MW

MW

approx. 53% of load covered by renewables

approx. 33.000 MW conventional generation and Import!

0

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

70.000

80.000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

PV*

Wind*

Sum Wind+PV*

Load Germany**

So

urc

e :

Am

pri

on

Gm

bH

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1,0

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

Duration curve of load covering with

Wind und PV in 2012

43

So

urc

e :

Am

pri

on

Gm

bH

PRES

PLoad,D

Hours


0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1,0

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

Duration curve of load covering with

Wind und PV in 2013

44

Hours


So

urc

e :

Am

pri

on

Gm

bH

PRES

PLoad,D

-200

-160

-120

-80

-40

0

40

80

120

160

200

-25.000

-20.000

-15.000

-10.000

-5.000

0

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

PV D

Trafo1

Trafo 2

45

Power flow (h-values) h

Influence of Dispersed Generation on the TSO (Low infeed in PV)

MW MW


So

urc

e:

Am

pri

on

Gm

bH

DS

O

TS

O

TS

O

DS

O

-200

-160

-120

-80

-40

0

40

80

120

160

200

-25.000

-20.000

-15.000

-10.000

-5.000

0

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

PV D

Trafo1

Trafo 2

46

MW

h

MW

Power flow (h-values)

Influence of Dispersed Generation on the TSO (High infeed in PV)


So

urc

e:

Am

pri

on

Gm

bH

DS

O

TS

O

TS

O

DS

O

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

0 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000

PV-Generation ↔ Reverse Flow on Transformer

400/110 KV (measurement values Amprion)

47

Trend

PV Generation Germany [MW]

MW


So

urc

e:

Am

pri

on

Gm

bH

DS

O

TS

O

TS

O

DS

O

-12.000

-10.000

-8.000

-6.000

-4.000

-2.000

0

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

12.000

0 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000 30.000 35.000 40.000

Correlation Wind+PV Energy Production ↔ Control Program DE (h-values 2013)

P

MW

PDE

Trend

+ E

xp

ort

-

Imp

ort


So

urc

e:

Am

pri

on

Gm

bH

Peak Load vs. Capacity of all German pump

storage power plants

49

JAN FEB MAR JUN MAY APR NOV OCT SEP AUG JUL DEC

Lo

ad

in

GW


So

urc

e:

Am

pri

on

Gm

bH

Could pump storage power

plants solve the problem? Capacity of all German

pump storage power plants

Peak load: 85,4 GW

Pump storage capacity: 6,4 GW

Annual consumption: 536,8 TWh

Storage capacity: 0,037 TWh Source: NEP 2013


Agenda







-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Wind D

PV D

Spot-Price Day Ahead

Hourly average Intraday

RES-Infeed and impacts on thermal generation

(1/2)

51

GW €/MWh

Sunday, 16.06.2013

Hour

- 6,3 GW


So

urc

e:

Am

pri

on

Gm

bH

, E

PE

X S

po

t

+ 4,6 GW

52

So

urc

e:

Am

pri

on

Gm

bH

, E

PE

X S

po

t

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

conv. Generation

Import


Hourly average Intraday

GW €/MWh

Sunday, 16.06.2013

Hour

+ 3,9 GW ≈ 17%


RES-Infeed and impacts on thermal generation

(2/2)

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%


P ______

Pinstall %

EPEX

Spot (DE,AT)

€/MWh

Trend

Correlation Wind+PV Energy Production ↔ Day-ahead PX h-values since 2011

So

urc

e:

Am

pri

on

Gm

bH

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

0

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

70.000

80.000

Einspeisung Wind und PV

Spot-Preis

Trendlinie Einspeisung Wind und PV

Trendinie Spot-Preis

Spot-Price Day Ahead vs. RES Generation since 2011

54

High Renewable

generation

negative

Spot-Prices:

up to -240€/MWh

Christmas 2012


Renewable generation

Trend Spot-Price Day Ahead

Trend Renewable generation


MW €/MWh

So

urc

e:

Am

pri

on

Gm

bH

RES push conventional power plants out of the market

Increasing share of renewables

(Germany: approx. 37 GW PV and

35 GW Wind installed)

conventional power plants become

unviable because of low prices

Steadily decreasing time of

operation of conventional power

plants

just minor peak loads, thereby

exposure of the profitability of

energy storage

The shutdown of thermal generation capacity in the grid

endanger system stability!



Agenda







In case of (n-1)- security violations in the EHV-grid due to high dispersed generation TSO and DSO

collaborate to lower the infeed of renewable generation in DSOs grid. TSO initiates and DSOs operate

these measures according following cascade:

Cooperation of TSO and DSO:

Cascade in Generation Dispatching of Renewables

57

So

urc

e:

BD

EW

Transmission grid TSO

Generation Load Grid area

Distribution grid 1. Level DSO DSO

Distribution grid 2. Level DSO DSO

Distribution grid n. Level DSO DSO


Prevent incorrect voltage augmentation caused by decentralized generation

Coordination of a large amount of small generation utilities without an adequate

communication network

Handling reversed load flows

*GL: Grid Level

Challenges for DSOs


TSO Extra-high

Voltage 220 / 380 kV GL* 1

DSO

High Voltage 110 kV GL 2

Regional

Distributors

Medium

Voltage 20 kV

GL 3

GL 4

Low Voltage 400V

(230 V)

GL 5

GL n

Operator Grid level of Energy system

Number of

generation units

Level

of automation

• TSO monitoring the overall

system

• Responsibility for SoS*

• Operative contact to DSOs /

generators on TSO-Level

• Requests support by the DSOs TSO


Responsibilities within the cascade

DSO

• Monitoring

own system

• Operative contact to

generators on DSO-Level

• Support of TSO to operate the

cascade

Cascade

• Support of TSO / DSO to SoS

through decreasing /

increasing the power of

generation units

Generation

facilities

• Support of industrial

customers to SoS

through decreasing /

increasing load

• End user can be

disconnected

Consumers

*SoS = Security of Supply


Agenda







61

What is now the influence of

wind and pv generation

and

power trading

on the grid ?

Huge Load Flows


Connection of wind farms in the north

to a powerful, regional east-west-grid

wind-busbar

Integration of solar energy in the

south by the use of regional grid

reinforcement

solar-busbar

Connection of the buspars via HVDC-

lines

Depending on the existing situation

north-, central- or south Germany can

be supplied with power from

renewable energy sources

X X

X

What are the key elements of

the German grid expansion?

62

Source: Amprion


63

German Grid Development Plan (NEP)

Optimizing of the existing corridors:

AC- expansion: 2.800 km

AC- reinforcement and

additional lines: 1.300 km

DC- lines: 1.300 km

Grid expansion

New AC- lines: 1.700 km

4 DC-corridors:

Transmission capacity: 10 GW

New DC- lines: 2.100 km

Investments: approx. 20 billion €


about 20 Billion €

invest one time

Conclusion

64

The current Challenges for Transmission System Operators are:

Stimulation of the European Electricity Market Integration

Integration of Renewable Energy Sources (Wind and Solar Power)

Changes in Generation Patterns (Shutdown of Nuclear PPs and Conventional PPs)

Congestion Management and Management of Critical Grid Situations

The current and future Challenges for Thermal Power Plants are:

Permanently decreasing load utilization due to high priority infeed of RES

Flexibility needs and growing load gradients

Reliable and flexible thermal generation capacity is essential for security of supply

and stability of the transmission grid


The „Energiewende“ consists of many components –

To achieve this goal all parties need to work together

Thank you for your attention.

Germany’s Energiewende Current and imminent challenges for ......establish harmonized market rules Federal Government Germany –Nuclear phase-out till 2022 –35% power generation

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