German Computer Scientists

GERMAN COMPUTER SCIENTISTSBooks LLC®, Wiki Series, Memphis, USA, 2011. ISBN: 9781155668673. www.booksllc.netCopyright: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en

Table of Contents

Alexander Strehl ................................. 1Andy Bechtolsheim............................. 2Arnold Schönhage............................... 3Bernd Fix ............................................ 3Bernhard Korte.................................... 4Bernhard Nebel ................................... 4Bernhard Preim ................................... 5Bernhard Schölkopf ............................ 5Carl Adam Petri .................................. 5Chris Tomic ........................................ 6Christof Ebert...................................... 6Christof Leng ...................................... 6Christoph Meinel ................................ 7Daniel A. Keim ................................... 7Dieter Fox ........................................... 8Dietmar Saupe..................................... 8Egon Börger ........................................ 8Ernst Dickmanns................................. 8Franz Baader ..................................... 10Friedemann Mattern.......................... 10Frieder Nake...................................... 11Friedrich L. Bauer............................. 11Gerhard Weikum............................... 12Gernot Heiser .................................... 12Günter Hotz....................................... 13Hans-Paul Schwefel .......................... 13

Hans-Peter Kriegel ............................ 13Hans Georg Bock .............................. 14Hans Hagen ....................................... 15Hans Meuer ....................................... 15Hans Witsenhausen ........................... 15Harald Ganzinger .............................. 15Hartmut Neven.................................. 16Hartmut Surmann.............................. 16Holger H. Hoos ................................. 16Horst Zuse ......................................... 16Ingo Rechenberg ............................... 17Ingo Wegener.................................... 17Jochen Liedtke .................................. 17Juergen Pirner ................................... 17Jörg-Rüdiger Sack............................. 18Kai Krause......................................... 18Karl Steinbuch................................... 19Klaus Dittrich.................................... 19Klaus Knopper .................................. 20Klaus Samelson................................. 20Konrad Zuse...................................... 21Kurt Mehlhorn .................................. 23Manfred Broy.................................... 24Marcus Hutter ................................... 25Markus Kuhn .................................... 25Martin Odersky ................................. 26

Matthias Ettrich................................. 26Michael Baumgardt........................... 26Michael E. Auer ................................ 27Michael Kohlhase.............................. 27Michael Kölling ................................ 28Michael Ley ...................................... 29Michael M. Richter ........................... 29Michael Stal ...................................... 30Osmar R. Zaiane................................ 31Pascal Costanza................................. 31Peter Baumann (computer scientist) . 32Raimund Seidel ................................. 32Reinhard Wilhelm ............................. 33Rudi Studer ....................................... 33Rudolf Bayer ..................................... 34Sebastian Thrun................................. 34Susanne Albers.................................. 35Sven Koenig (computer scientist) ..... 35Torsten Suel ...................................... 36Udo Frese .......................................... 36Walter F. Tichy ................................. 36Wau Holland ..................................... 36Wilfried Brauer ................................. 37Wolfgang Nebel ................................ 37Wolfgang Wahlster ........................... 37Wolfram Burgard .............................. 37

Introduction

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Alexander Strehl

Alexander Strehl (born in Nuremberg) is a computer scientist, management consultant and business school profes-

sor. His areas of expertise are businesssoftware, enterprise resource planning,business intelligence, strategies, person-alization, artificial intelligence, clusteranalysis, and data mining. He received

a Ph.D. in Computer Engineering fromthe University Of Texas At Austin, wasthe creator of cluster ensembles, a di-rector of flatfox AG, and a managementconsultant at McKinsey & Company.

He is currently teaching at the Univer-sity of Aalen and serves as an indepen-dent industry consultant.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Strehl"

Andy Bechtolsheim

Andreas (Andy) von Bechtolsheim

(born September 30, 1955) is an elec-trical engineer who co-founded Sun Mi-crosystems in 1982 and was its chiefhardware designer. He later became aninvestor, writing the first major check tofund Google, and starting several com-puter networking companies.

Early life

Bechtolsheim was born near Am-mersee, in the German state of Bavaria.He grew up on a farm with the Alpsin the distance, the second of four chil-dren. Since the isolated house had notelevision and distant neighbors, he ex-perimented with electronics as a child.In 1963 the family moved to Rome,Italy and then in 1968 to Nonnenhornon Lake Constance in Germany. Whenhe was only 16, he designed an indus-trial controller based on the Intel 8008for a nearby company. Royalties fromthe product supported much of his edu-cation.

As an engineering student at Univer-sity of Technology Munich Bechtol-sheim entered the jugend forscht contestfor young researchers, and after enter-ing for three years, won the physicsprize in 1974. Bechtolsheim received aFulbright Award and moved to the USin 1975 to attend Carnegie MellonUniversity, where he received his mas-ter’s degree in computer engineering in1976. In 1977 he moved to Silicon Val-ley to work for Intel, but quit when theytransferred him to Oregon the firstweek. He took a summer job at StanfordUniversity and became a Ph.D. studentin electrical engineering.

Career

Early Sun workstation hardware

At Stanford, Bechtolsheim designed apowerful computer (called a worksta-tion) with built-in networking called theSUN workstation. The name was de-rived from Stanford University Net-work. It was based on the Xerox Altocomputer developed at the Xerox PaloAlto Research Center. Bechtolsheimwas a "no fee consultant" at Xerox,meaning he was not paid but had freeaccess to the research being done there.In particular, Lynn Conway was usingworkstations to design very-large-scaleintegration (VLSI) circuits.

Bechtolsheim's advisor was ForestBaskett, and in 1980 Vaughan Pratt alsoprovided leadership to the SUN project.Support was provided by the ComputerScience Department and DARPA. Themodular computer was used for re-search projects such as developing theV-System, and for early Internetrouters. Bechtolsheim tried to interestother companies in manufacturing theworkstations, but only got lukewarm re-sponses.

Founding Sun

One of the companies building comput-ers for VLSI design was Daisy Systems,where Vinod Khosla worked at thetime. Khosla had graduated a couple

years earlier from the Stanford Grad-uate School of Business with ScottMcNealy, who managed manufacturingat Onyx Systems. The three wrote ashort business plan and quickly re-ceived funding from venture capitalistsin 1982.

SPARCstation 1, designed circa 1988

Bechtolsheim left Stanford to foundthe company, Sun Microsystems, asemployee number one. Bill Joy, whowas part of the team developing theBSD series of Unix operating systems,was the fourth member of the foundingteam. For a while Bechtolsheim and Joyshared an apartment in Palo Alto, Cali-fornia. The first product, the Sun-1, in-cluded the Stanford CPU board designwith improved memory expansion, anda sheet-metal case. By the end of theyear, the experimental Ethernet inter-face designed by Bechtolsheim was re-placed by a commercial board from3Com. Sun Microsystems had their Ini-tial Public Offering in 1986 and reached$1 billion in sales by 1988. But Bech-tolsheim wanted something new, andaround this time formed a project code-named UniSun, to design a small inex-pensive desktop computer for the ed-ucational market. The result was theSPARCstation 1 (known as "campus"),

2 • Andy Bechtolsheim

the start of another line of Sun products.

Other companies

In 1995, Bechtolsheim left Sun to foundGranite Systems, a company focused ondeveloping high-speed network switch-es. In 1996, Cisco Systems acquired thefirm for $220 million, with Bechtol-sheim owning 60%. He became VicePresident and general manager of Cis-co's Gigabit Systems Business Unit, un-til leaving the company in December2003 to head Kealia, Inc.

Bechtolsheim founded Kealia in ear-ly 2001 with Stanford Professor DavidCheriton, who was also a partner inGranite Systems, to work on advancedserver technologies using the Opteronprocessor from Advanced Micro De-vices. In February 2004, Sun Microsys-tems announced it was acquiring Kealiain a stock swap. Due to the acquisition,Bechtolsheim returned to Sun again assenior vice president and chief architect.Kealia hardware technology was usedin the Sun Fire X4500 storage product.

Along with Cheriton, in 2005 Bech-tolsheim launched another high speednetworking company, Arastra. Arastralater changed its name to Arista Net-works. Bechtolsheim left Sun Microsys-tems to become the Chairman and ChiefDevelopment Officer of Arista in Octo-ber, 2008, but stated he still was associ-ated with Sun in an advisory role.

Bechtolsheim is a founding memberof Carnegie Mellon Silicon ValleyCMU's west coast campus in Mountain

View, California.

Investments

Bechtolsheim co-founded HighBARVentures, an early-stage venture capitalinvestment firm, along with two Suncolleagues: Bill Joy and Roy Sardiña.HighBAR's investments include Mira-point, Brocade, Tasmania Network Sys-tems, Brightmail, and Regroup.

Bechtolsheim and Cheriton were twoof the first investors in Google, invest-ing US$100,000 each in September1998. Bechtolsheim wrote the check to"Google Inc" prior to the company evenbeing founded. The story that saysBechtolsheim coined the name"Google" is untrue. However, he didmotivate the founders to officially or-ganize the company under that name.When he gave the check to LawrenceE. Page and Sergey Brin, Google'sfounders, they had not actually yet beenlegally incorporated.

As a result of shrewd investmentslike these, Bechtolsheim was seen asone of the most successful "angel in-vestors", particularly in areas such aselectronic design automation (EDA),which refers to the software used bypeople designing computer chips. Hehas made a number of successful invest-ments in EDA. He argues that changesin the chips themselves are outpacingthe development of EDA tools, creatingwhat he sees as an opportunity. It washis interest in these design tools whileat Stanford which prompted his frustra-

tion when waiting for access to main-frames which led to his development ofthe first workstation. In one such EDAcompany, Magma Design Automation,his stake was valued around $60 milli-on.

The most profitable for Bechtolsheimwas his initial $100,000 investment inGoogle, which in March 2010 wasworth approximately $1.7 billion. Hisnet worth was estimated at $2 billion,just after Donald Trump.

Bechtolsheim invested in Tapulous,the maker of music games for the AppleiPhone. Tapulous was acquired by theWalt Disney Company in 2010. Bech-tolsheim joined George T. Haber, a for-mer colleague at Sun, to invest in wire-less chip company CrestaTech in 2006and 2008.

Bechtolsheim was an investor in allof Haber's previous startups: CompCorepurchased by Zoran, GigaPixel pur-chased by 3Dfx and Mobilygen pur-chased by Maxim Integrated Productsin 2008. He was reported to be an earlyinvestor in Claria Corporation, whichceased operation in 2008.

Bechtolsheim received a SmithsonianLeadership Award for Innovation in1999, a Stanford Entrepreneur Compa-ny of the year award, and is a memberof the National Academy of Engineer-ing. He gave the opening keynotespeech at the International Supercom-puting Conference in 2009.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Bechtolsheim"

Arnold Schönhage

Arnold Schönhage (1 December 1934,Lockhausen, now Bad Salzuflen, FreeState of Lippe) is a mathematician andcomputer scientist and Professor Emer-itus at Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn. He was also profes-sor in Tübingen and Konstanz. Schön-hage now lives near Bonn, Germany.

Schönhage together with VolkerStrassen developed the Schönhage–Strassen algorithm for fast integer mul-tiplication that has a run-time ofO(N log N log log N).

Schönhage designed and implement-ed together with Andreas F. W. Grote-feld and Ekkehart Vetter a multitape

Turing machine, called TP, in software.The machine is programmed in TPAL,an assembler language. They imple-mented numerous numerical algorithmsincluding the Schönhage–Strassen algo-rithm on this machine.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Sch%C3%B6nhage"

Bernd Fix

Bernd Fix (born March 19, 1962 inWittingen, Lower Saxony) is a German

Hacker and Computer Security Expert. Biography

After final secondary-school examina-

Arnold Schönhage • 3

tion from Gymnasium Hankensbüttel in1981, Bernd Fix studied Astrophysicsand Philosophy at the universities ofGöttingen and Heidelberg. He receivedhis diplom for a work in the field of the-oretical astrophysics in 1989.

From 1987 to 1989 Fix was one ofthe spokesperson for the Chaos Com-puter Club and author for the "HackerBible 2".

After the death of his friend WauHolland (co-founder of the Chaos Com-puter Club) in 2001 Fix helped to estab-lish the Wau Holland Foundation andserves as a founding member of theBoard of Directors ever since.

Since 1998 Fix is living and workingin Switzerland; he currently resides inZürich.

Work

In 1986 Fix joined the Chaos ComputerClub (CCC) in Hamburg and started towork on computer security issues, fo-cussing on computer virus research. Hepublished a first demo virus (Rushhour)in Fall 1986 in the Datenschleuder #17,the hacker magazine edited by the CCC.He also contributed results of his re-search to the book "Computer Viruses"by Ralf Burger.

In 1987 he devised a method to neu-

tralize the Vienna Virus; this eventmarks the first documented antivirussoftware ever written.

Fix is also the author of several re-search viruses; among them the VP370virus for IBM mainframe computers.The VP370 source code was allegedlystolen by the Bundesnachrichtendienst(Federal Intelligence Service in Ger-many) in 1988 to be used in attacksagainst East Block and NATO main-frame computer systems in the so-called"Project Rahab".Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernd_Fix"

Bernhard Korte

Bernhard H. Korte (born November 3,1938 in Bottrop, Germany) is a Germanmathematician and computer scientist, aprofessor at the University of Bonn, andan expert in combinatorial optimization.

Biography

Korte earned his doctorate (Doctor re-rum naturalium) from the University of

Bonn in 1967. His thesis was entitled"Beiträge zur Theorie der Hardy'schenFunktionenklassen" (translated, "Con-tributions to the theory of Hardy func-tion classes"), and was supervised byErnst Peschl and Walter Thimm. Heearned his habilitation in 1971, andbriefly held faculty positions at Regens-burg University and Bielefeld Universi-

ty before joining the University of Bonnas a faculty member in 1972. At theUniversity of Bonn, Korte is the direc-tor of the Research Institute for DiscreteMathematics.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard_Korte"

Bernhard Nebel

Bernhard Nebel, born 1956, is a Ger-man Artificial Intelligence scientist. Heis a full professor at the Albert-Lud-wigs-Universität Freiburg where heholds the chair for foundations of Arti-ficial Intelligence.

Bernhard Nebel received his Diplo-ma degree from the University of Ham-burg in 1980 and his Doctorate from theSaarland University in 1989. His thesisadvisor was Wolfgang Wahlster.

Between 1982 and 1993 he workedon different AI projects at the Univer-sity of Hamburg, the Technical Univer-sity of Berlin, ISI/USC, IBM Germany,and the German Research Center for AI(DFKI). From 1993 to 1996 he held anassociate professor position (C3) at theUniversity of Ulm. Since 1996 he is fullprofessor at Albert-Ludwigs-Univer-

sität Freiburg.Among other professional services,

he served as the Program Co-chair forthe 3rd International Conference onPrinciples of Knowledge Representa-tion and Reasoning (KR'92), as the Pro-gram Co-chair for the 18th German An-nual Conference on AI (KI'94), as theGeneral Chair of the 21st German An-nual Conference on Artificial Intelli-gence (KI'97), and as the Program Chairfor the 17th International Joint Confer-ence on Artificial Intelligence(IJCAI'01). In 2001, Bernhard Nebelwas elected as an ECCAI fellow.

Throughout his entire career, Bern-hard Nebel has made substantial contri-butions to the foundations of ArtificialIntelligence, to automated planning andscheduling, and to the RoboCup initia-

tive. Bernhard Nebel is (co-)author and(co-)editor of 9 books and proceedin-gs, as well as author and co-author ofmore than 100 refereed papers in sci-entific journals, books, and conferenceproceedings. His CS Freiburg RoboCupteam became world champion in theRoboCup mid-size league in 1998,2000, and 2001. Bernhard Nebel and hisgroup have also developed the first au-tonomous table football system. Bern-hard Nebel is a fellow of the EuropeanCoordinating Committee for ArtificialIntelligence. In 2009, he was elected tobe a member of the German Academyof Sciences Leopoldina. In 2010, he be-came a fellow of the Association for theAdvancement of Artificial Intelligence.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard_Nebel"

4 • Bernhard Korte

Bernhard Preim

Bernhard Preim is a specialist in hu-man-computer interface design as wellas in Visual Computing for Medicine.He is currently Professor for Visualiza-tion at University of Magdeburg, Ger-many.

Preim received the diploma in com-puter science in 1994 (minor in math-ematics) and a Ph.D. in 1998 from theOtto-von-Guericke University Magde-burg (PhD thesis "Interactive Illustra-tions and Animations for the Explora-tion of Spatial Relations"). In 1999, hejoined the staff of MeVis (Center forMedical Diagnosis System and Visual-ization). In close collaboration with ra-diologists and surgeons, he directed thework on "computer-aided planning in

liver surgery" and initiated several pro-jects funded by the German ResearchCouncil in the area of computer-aidedsurgery. In June 2002, he received theHabilitation degree (venia legendi) forcomputer science from the Universityof Bremen. Since Mars 2003 he is fullprofessor for "Visualization" at thecomputer science department at theOtto-von-Guericke-University ofMagdeburg, heading a research groupwhich is focussed on medical visualiza-tion and applications in surgical edu-cation and surgery planning. These de-velopments are summarized in a com-prehensive textbook Visualization inMedicine (Co-author Dirk Bartz),which appeared at Morgan Kaufmann

in June 2007. Bernhard Preim is mem-ber of the ACM and the German Chap-ter of the ACM where he served asVice-President (2001–03). He is speak-er of the working group Medical Visual-ization in the German Society for Com-puter Science. He is member of the sci-entific advisary board of CURAC (Ger-man Society for Computer- andRoboter-assisted Surgery, since 2004and since 2009 vice-president) andVisiting Professor at the University ofBremen where he closely collaborateswith MeVis Research (now FraunhoferMEVIS).Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard_Preim"

Bernhard Schölkopf

Bernhard Schölkopf is a director at theMax Planck Institute for Biological Cy-bernetics in Tübingen, Germany wherehe heads the Department of EmpiricalInference.

He is a leading researcher in the ma-

chine learning community where he isparticularly active in the field of kernelmethods. He has made particular con-tributions with support vector machinesand kernel PCA. A large part of hiswork is the development of novel ma-

chine learning algorithms through theirformulation as (typically convex) opti-misation problems.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard_Sch%C3%B6lkopf"

Carl Adam Petri

Carl Adam Petri (12 July 1926 – 2 Ju-ly 2010) was a German mathematicianand computer scientist. He was born inLeipzig.

Petri nets were invented in August1939 by Carl Adam Petri – at the ageof 13 – for the purpose of describingchemical processes. In 1941 his fathertold him about Konrad Zuse's work oncomputing machines and Carl Adamstarted building his own analog comput-er.

After earning his Abitur at theThomasschule he was in 1944 draftedinto the Wehrmacht and eventuallywent into British captivity.

Petri started studying mathematics atthe Darmstadt University of Technolo-gy in 1950. He documented the Petri netin 1962 as part of his dissertation, Kom-

munikation mit Automaten (communi-cation with automata). He worked from1959 until 1962 at the University ofBonn and received his PhD degree in1962 from the Darmstadt University ofTechnology.

Petri's work significantly advancedthe fields of parallel computing and dis-tributed computing, and it helped definethe modern studies of complex systemsand workflow management. His contri-butions have been in the broader areaof network theory which includes coor-dination models and theories of inter-action, and eventually led to the formalstudy of software connectors.

In 1988 he became honorary profes-sor of the University of Hamburg. Petriofficially retired in 1991. He was mem-ber of the Academia Europaea.

Awards

• 1996: Werner von Siemens Ring, aprestigious German award in techni-cal sciences

• In 2003, he was honored by HerMajesty the Queen of the Nether-lands with the title Commander inthe Order of the Netherlands Lion.

• In 2007 Professor Carl Adam Petriwas honored for his lifetimeachievements by the "Academy ofTransdisciplinary Learning and Ad-vanced Studies (ATLAS)" with a"Academy Gold Medal of Honor".

• In 2008 he received the ComputerPioneer Award from the IEEE.

Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Adam_Petri"

Bernhard Preim • 5

Chris Tomic

Chris Tomic is a German computer sci-entist credited with creating the first lo-gos and ringtones for mobile handsets in1998.

Tomic started 1996 with developingtechnologies for the internet industry inGermany Düsseldorf with the companyNovadoc GmbH.

In 1998 he focused his research anddevelopment on the mobile industry andinvented the protocol for mobile micro-

payments over SMS. Furthermore he setthe standard for the delivery of binarymessages to mobile handsets such asNokia and initiated the sell of the firstblack and white operator-logos andmonophonic ringtones to mobile hand-sets.

In 2001 he became the CTO of thecompany MonsterMob LTD which wasfloated on the London Stock Exchangewith an opening market capitalisation

of £32m. Spanish internet firm LaNetroZed bought up a majority 53% stake inthe business. The agreement will meanLaNetro Zed and MonsterMob LTDwill together become the world's largestcompany in the Mobile Value-AddedServices (MVAS) market in terms ofrevenue.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Tomic"

Christof Ebert

Christof Ebert (born 1964 in Stuttgart)is a German computer scientist and au-thor, working in the field of systems andsoftware engineering.

He studied electrical engineering andcomputer sciences from 1984 to 1990at University of Stuttgart and at KansasState University. In 1994 he receivedhis PhD at University of Stuttgart oncomplexity control during the productlife-cycle. Since 1994 he worked at Al-catel, first in Stuttgart, from 1996 on-wards in Antwerp and as of 2001 in

Paris. As director engineering he hadglobal responsibility for software plat-forms, engineering processes and tools.Recognizing his contributions in soft-ware measurement, productivity im-provement, Product Lifecycle Manage-ment and CMMI he was named memberof Alcatel's technical academy. Since2006 he is managing director and part-ner in a consulting company.

He is lecturing at University ofStuttgart, is a frequent keynote speakerat conferences and has authored several

books and over 100 scientific publica-tions. He serves on the editorial boardsof IEEE Software and the Journal ofSystems and Software and is workingon the program committees of interna-tional conferences. Being a IEEEDistinguished Visitor he is working onrequirements engineering, productmanagement und software engineering.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christof_Ebert"

Christof Leng

Christof Leng

Christof Leng (b. Friedberg, Hesse,September 14, 1975) is a German politi-cian and computer scientist. As a found-ing member of the Pirate Party Ger-many, he became its first leader onSeptember 10, 2006. Leng, who heldthe post until May 2007, works as a re-search fellow at the Darmstadt Univer-sity of Technology. He is a board mem-ber of the German Informatics Society.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christof_Leng"

6 • Chris Tomic

Christoph Meinel

Christoph Meinel

Univ.-Prof. Dr. sc. nat. Christoph

Meinel (born 14 April 1954, Meißen,Germany) is a German scientist and uni-versity professor of computer sciences.He is president and CEO of the HassoPlattner Institute (HPI) for IT SystemsEngineering at the University of Pots-dam (Germany), which is ranked a topuniversity department in computer sci-ences in Germany (CHE-Ranking2009). His actual research interests andactivities is concentrated on InternetTechnology and Systems and on inno-vation research (Design Thinking re-search). It is particularly focused on In-ternet security and security engineering(highest network security, safer Inter-net, SOA-Security and Trust), on inno-vative froms or teaching and learning(Web3.0, e-learning, tele-lecturing, e.g.tele-TASK), and on secure telemedi-cine. In 2006, he hosted together withHasso Plattner the first German “Na-tional IT-Summit” of the German Fed-eral Chancellor Dr. Angela Merkel.

1974-79 Christoph Meinel studiedMathematics and Computer Sciences atthe Humboldt-University Berlin werehe received also his PhD degree in1981. 1988 he defended his State Doc-torate (“Habilitation”) at the Institute ofMathematics of the Academy ofSciences in Berlin. After visiting posi-tions at the universities of Saarbrückenand Paderborn, in 1992 he was appoint-ed a full professor (C4) for computerscience at the University of Trier (Ger-many). In that time his research activi-ties were concentrated in computation-al complexity theory and efficient datastructures (esp. binary decision dia-grams - BDDs) for chip design. In themidnineteeth he extended his researchfocus to Internet and Web-technologies,particularly he startet applied researchand development in IT-Security andTeleteaching. In that time he foundedthe Institut für Telematik e.V., whichwas supervised by the Fraunhofer So-ciety for applied research. There he in-vented technologies like Lock-Keeperand Tele-TASK. 2004, when he was ap-pointed scientific director and CEO ofthe HPI he continued his research workin these fields. Meanwhile Lock-Keeperis licensed by Siemens AG and tele-TASK is regularly used for recordingand Internet-broadcasting lectures ofHPI and several other universities. Be-side he is a teacher at the HPI Schoolof Design Thinking and program direc-tor of the HPI-Stanford Design Think-ing Research Program. Beside of histeaching activities in HPI and Potsdamuniversity since 2002 he is a visitingprofessor both at the University of Lux-embourg and at the School of ComputerScience of the Technical University ofBeijing (China).

Christoph Meinel is author or co-au-thor of 8 text books and monographs(e.g. "Digitale Kommunikation",

"WWW – Kommunikation, Internet-working, Web-Technologien", "DesignThinking – Innovation lernen, Ideen-welten öffnen", "Mathematische Grund-lagen der Informatik", "Algorithmenund Datenstrukturen im VLSI-Design.OBDDs – Grundlagen und Anwendun-gen"), and of various conference pro-ceedings. He has published more than350 per-reviewed scientific papers inhighly recognised international scientif-ic journals and conferences. He holdsvarious international patents (e.g. Lock-Keeper licenced by Siemens AG) andleads the tele-TASK design team.

Christoph Meinel is the chairman ofthe national German IPv6 council, theHPI-Stanford Design Thinking Re-search Program, the steering committeeof the HPI Future SOC Lab, and theadvisory board of SAP Meraka UTDin South Africa. In between 1996-2007Meinel was member of the scientificboard of the IBFI Schloß Dagstuhl andspeaker of the special interest group oncomplexity of the German computerscience society Gesellschaft für Infor-matik. He is also member of variousother international scientific boards andprogram committees, and has organisedseveral symposia and conferences.

Christoph Meinel is chief editor ofthe two scientific E-journalsECCC-Electronic Colloquium on Com-putational Complexity and ECDTR-Electronic Colloquium on DesignThinking Research, of the IT-Gipfel-blog, an ongoing blog about ICT in Ger-many, and of the tele-TASK portal withseveral thousands of multimedia lecturerecordings by tele-TASK.

Einzelnachweise

Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Meinel"

Daniel A. Keim

Daniel A. Keim is German computerscientist and full professor (Chair of In-

formation Processing) at the ComputerScience department of the University of

Konstanz. He received his Ph.D. inComputer Science from the University

Christoph Meinel • 7

of Munich in 1994. He has been assis-tant professor at the Computer Sciencedepartment of the University of Mu-nich, associate professor at the CS de-partment of the Martin- Luther-Univer-sity Halle. He has been working at

AT&T Shannon Research Labs,Florham Park, NJ, USA as a senior re-searcher. He has published extensivelyon information visualization and datamining; he has given tutorials on relatedissues at several large conferences. He

is an editor of TKDE and the Informa-tion Visualization Journal.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_A._Keim"

Dieter Fox

Dieter Fox is a German roboticist and aProfessor in the Department of Comput-er Science & Engineering at the Univer-sity of Washington, Seattle. He is mostnotable for his contributions to several

fields including robotics, artificial intel-ligence, machine learning, and ubiqui-tous computing. Together with Wol-fram Burgard and Sebastian Thrun heis a co-author of the book Probabilistic

Robotics.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieter_Fox"

Dietmar Saupe

Dietmar Saupe (born 1954) is a fractalresearcher and professor of computerscience, Department of Computer andInformation Science, University ofKonstanz, Germany.

Saupe's book, Chaos and Fractals,won the Association of American Pub-lishers award for Best MathematicsBook of the Year in 1992. His currentresearch interests include computer

graphics, scientific visualization, andimage processing.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietmar_Saupe"

Egon Börger

Egon Börger (born 1946) is a German-born computer scientist based in Italy.

Professor Egon Börger was born inBad Laer, Lower Saxony, Germany.Between 1965 and 1971 he studied atthe Sorbonne, Paris (France), UniversitéCatholique de Louvain and InstitutSupérieur de Philosophie de Louvain(in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium),University of Münster (Germany).Since 1985 he has held a Chair in com-puter science at the University of Pisa,Italy. Since September 2010 he hasbeen an elected member of the Acade-mia Europaea.

Professor Egon Boerger is a pioneerof applying logical methods in comput-er science. He is co-founder of the in-ternational conference series CSL. Heis also one of the founders of the Ab-stract State Machines (ASM) Method

for accurate and controlled design andanalysis of computer-based systems andcofounder of the series of internationalASM workshops. He contributed to thetheoretical foundations of the methodand initiated its industrial applicationsin a variety of fields, in particular pro-gramming languages, System architec-ture, requirements and software (re-)en-gineering, control systems, protocols,web services. To this date, he is oneof the leading scientists in ASM-basedmodeling and verification technology,which he has crucially shaped by his ac-tivities. In 2007, he received the Hum-boldt Research Award.

Selected publications

• Egon Börger and Robert Stärk, Ab-stract State Machines: A Method forHigh-Level System Design and Anal-

ysis, Springer-Verlag, 2003. (ISBN3-540-00702-4)

• Egon Börger Computability, Com-plexity, Logic (North-Holland, Am-sterdam 1989, translated from theGerman original from 1985, ItlianTranslation Bollati-Borighieri 1989)

• Egon Börger, The Classical Deci-sion Problem (co-authored byE.Graedel and Y.Gurevich),Springer-Verlag 1997, ISBN 3-540-57073-X, 2nd Edition as "Universi-text", Springer-Verlag 2001, ISBN3-540-42324-9

• Egon Börger, Java and the Java Vir-tual Machine: Definition, Verifica-tion, Validation (co-authored by R.Staerk and J. Schmid), Springer-Verlag ISBN 3-540-42088-6, 2001

Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egon_B%C3%B6rger"

Ernst Dickmanns

Ernst Dieter Dickmanns is a formerprofessor at Bundeswehr UniversityMunich (1975–2001), and a pioneer ofdynamic computer vision and of driver-

less cars. Dickmanns has been visitingprofessor to CalTech, Pasadena, and toMIT, Boston teaching courses on 'dy-namic vision'.

Biography

Dickmanns was born in 1936. He stud-ied aerospace and aeronautics at RWTH

8 • Dieter Fox

Aachen (1956–1961), and control engi-neering at Princeton University (1964/65); from 1961 to 1975 he was associ-ated with the German Aero-Space Re-search Establichment (now DLR)Oberpfaffenhofen, working in the fieldsof flight dynamics and trajectory opti-mization.In 1971/72 he spent a Post-Doc Research Associateship with theNASA-Marshall Space Flight Center,Huntsville (orbiter re-entry). From 1975to 2001 he was with UniBw Munich,where he initiated the 'Institut fuer Flug-mechanik und Systemdynamik' (IFS),the Institut fuer die 'Technik AutonomerSysteme' (TAS), and the research activ-ities in machine vision for vehicle guid-ance.

Pioneering work in autonomous

driving

In the beginning of the 1980s his teamequipped a Mercedes-Benz van withcameras and other sensors. The 5-tonvan was re-engineered such that it waspossible to control steering wheel, throt-tle, and brakes through computer com-mands based on real-time evaluation ofimage sequences. Software was writtenthat translated the sensory data into ap-propriate driving commands. For safetyreasons, initial experiments in Bavariatook place on streets without traffic.Since 1986 the Robot Car "VaMoRs"managed to drive all by itself, since1987 at speeds up to 96 km/h, or rough-ly 60 mph.

One of the greatest challenges inhigh-speed autonomous driving arisesthrough the rapidly changing visualstreet scenes. Back then, computerswere much slower than they are today(~1% of 1%); therefore, sophisticatedcomputer vision strategies were neces-sary to react in real time. The team ofDickmanns solved the problem throughan innovative approach to dynamic vi-sion. Spatiotemporal models were usedright from the beginning, dubbed '4-Dapproach', which did not need storingprevious images but non-the-less wasable to yield estimates of all 3-D ve-locity components. Attention control in-cluding artificial saccadic movementsof the platform carrying the cameras al-

lowed the system to focus its attentionon the most relevant details of the visualinput. Kalman filters have been extend-ed to perspective imaging and wereused to achieve robust autonomous dri-ving even in presence of noise and un-certainty. Feedback of prediction errorsallowed bypassing the (ill-conditioned)inversion of perspective projection byleast-squares parameter fits.

When in 1986/87 the EUREKA-pro-ject 'PROgraMme for a European Traf-fic of Highest Efficiency and Unprece-dented Safety' (PROMETHEUS) wasinitiated by the European car manufac-turing industry (funding in the range ofseveral hundred million Euros), the ini-tially planned autonomous lateral guid-ance by buried cables was dropped andsubstituted by the much more flexiblemachine vision approach proposed byDickmanns, and partially encouragedby his successes. Most of the major carcompanies participated; so did Dick-manns and his team in cooperation withthe Daimler-Benz AG. Substantialprogress was made in the following 7years. In particular, Dickmanns' robotcars learned to drive in traffic under var-ious conditions. An accompanying hu-man driver with a "red button" madesure the robot vehicle could not get outof control and become a danger to thepublic. Since 1992, driving in publictraffic was standard as final step in real-world testing. Several dozen Transput-ers, a special breed of parallel comput-ers, were used to deal with the (by1990s standards) enormous computa-tional demands.

Two culmination points wereachieved in 1994/95, when Dickmanns´re-engineered autonomous S-ClassMercedes-Benz performed internationaldemonstrations. The first was the finalpresentation of the PROMETHEUSproject in October 1994 on Autoroute1 near the airport Charles-de-Gaulle inParis. With guests onboard, the twin ve-hicles of Daimler-Benz (VITA-2) andUniBwM (VaMP) drove more than onethousand kilometers on the three-lanehighway in standard heavy traffic atspeeds up to 130 km/h. Driving in freelanes, convoy driving with distance

keeping depending on speed, and lanechanges left and right with autonomouspassing have been demonstrated; thelatter required interpreting the roadscene also in the rear hemisphere. Fourcameras with two different focal lengthsfor each hemisphere have been used inparallel for this purpose.

The second culmination point was a1758 km trip in the fall of 1995 fromMunich in Bavaria to Odense in Den-mark to a project meeting and back.Both longitudinal and lateral guidancewere performed autonomously by vi-sion. On highways, the robot achievedspeeds exceeding 175 km/h (roughly110 mph; there is no general speed limiton the German Autobahn). Publicationsfrom Dickmann's research group indi-cate a mean autonomously driven dis-tance without resets of ~9 km; thelongest autonomously driven stretchreached 158 km. More than half of theresets required were achieved au-tonomously (no human intervention).This is particularly impressive consid-ering that the system used black-and-white video-cameras and did not modelsituations like road construction siteswith yellow lane markings, lane-changes at over 140 km/h, and othertraffic with more than 40 km/h relativespeed. In total, 95% autonomous dri-ving (by distance) was achieved.

In the years 1994 to 2004 the elder5-ton van 'VaMoRs' was used to devel-op the capabilities needed for drivingon networks of minor (also unsealed)roads and for cross-country driving in-cluding avoidance of negative obstacleslike ditches. Turning off onto cross-roads of unknown width and intersec-tion angles required a big effort, but hasbeen achieved with "Expectation-based,Multi-focal, Saccadic vision" (EMS-vi-sion). This vertebrate-type vision usesanimation capabilities based on knowl-edge about subject classes (includingthe autonomous vehicle itself) and theirpotential behaviour in certain situations.This rich background is used for controlof gaze and attention as well as for lo-comotion.

Beside ground vehicle guidance, alsoapplications of the 4-D approach to dy-

Ernst Dickmanns • 9

namic vision for unmanned air vehicles(conventional aircraft and helicopters)have been investigated. Autonomous vi-sual landing approaches and landingshave been demonstrated in hardware-in-the-loop simulations with visual/inertial

data fusion.Another success of this machine vi-

sion technology was the first ever visu-ally controlled grasping experiment ofa free-floating object in weightlessnessonboard the Space Shuttle Columbia

D2-mission in 1993 as part of the'Rotex'-experiment of DLR.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Dickmanns"

Franz Baader

Franz Baader (15 June 1959, Spalt) isa German computer scientist.

He received his PhD in ComputerScience in 1989 from the University ofErlangen-Nuremberg, Germany, wherehe was a teaching and research assistantfor 4 years. In 1989, he went to the Ger-man Research Institute of Artificial In-telligence (DFKI) as a senior researcherand project leader. In 1993 he was as-sociate professor for computer science

at RWTH Aachen, and in 2002 full pro-fessor for computer science at TU Dres-den.

Works

• Franz Baader, Tobias Nipkow, TermRewriting and All That, (1998) Cam-bridge University Press.

• Franz Baader, ed (2003). The de-scription logic handbook: theory,implementation, and applications.

Cambridge University Press.ISBN 9780521781763.

• Franz Baader, Andreĭ Voronkov, ed(2005). Logic for programming, ar-tificial intelligence, and reasoning:11th international conference.Springer. ISBN 9783540252368.

Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Baader"

Friedemann Mattern

Friedemann Mattern (born July 28,1955) is a German scientist.

After studying computer science witha minor in communication sciences atthe University of Bonn, Mattern becamea VLSI design and parallelism re-searcher at Kaiserslautern University ofTechnology. He got his doctorate de-gree in 1989 after writing a dissertationon distributed algorithms. In 1991 Mat-tern was offered a teaching position at

Saarland University in Saarbrücken; lat-er he moved to Darmstadt University ofTechnology, where he started the pro-gram Electronic Market Infrastructure.In 1999 Mattern responded to ETHZurich's call for the establishment of aUbiquitous Computing research group.Since fall 2002, he has been on the Insti-tute for Pervasive Computing FoundingBoard. Currently he is in charge of theDistributed Systems program at ETH

Zurich. Mattern is also a co-founder ofthe common M-Lab Competency Cen-ter at ETH Zurich and the University ofSt. Gallen.

Together with Colin Fidge, he devel-oped the vector clock algorithm, whichallows to generate a partial ordering ofevents in a distributed system and to de-tect causality violations.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedemann_Mattern"

10 • Franz Baader

Frieder Nake

Frieder Nake

Frieder Nake (born December 16,1938 in Stuttgart) is a professor forcomputer graphics at the department forcomputer science at the University ofBremen and visiting professor for hy-permedia design at the University of theArts Bremen. He lives and works inBremen, Germany.

He has taught in Stuttgart, Torontoand Vancouver, and has been in Bremensince 1972. He specializes in interactivecomputer graphics, digital media, com-puter art, and semiotics. He has been avisiting professor at Universitetet Oslo,Aarhus Universitet, Universität Wien,University of Colorado at Boulder.

He was one of the first to exhibit dig-ital computer art in 1965 (Galerie Wen-delin Niedlich, Stuttgart). In the sameyear, other exhibitions were staged byGeorg Nees in Stuttgart and A. Michael

Noll in New York. Nake, Nees and Nollare generally recognized as pioneers ofcomputer art, and in this context aresometimes called the three big 'N's.

He also was one of the first to analyzelinks between aesthetics and informa-tion theory. His book Ästhetik als In-formationsverarbeitung (1974) is one ofthe first in this field, and greatly helpedto promote research on the borderlinebetween science and art.

In the 1970s he was an active mem-ber of the Communist League of WestGermany (KBW), for which he stood asa candidate in the Bremen Bürgerschaftelections.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frieder_Nake"

Friedrich L. Bauer

Friedrich Ludwig Bauer (born June10, 1924 in Regensburg) is a Germancomputer scientist and professor emeri-tus at Technical University of Munich.

Life

Bauer earned his Abitur in 1942 andserved in the Wehrmacht (Germanarmed forces) from 1943 to 1945. In1946 he started studying mathematicsand theoretical physics at Ludwig-Max-imilians-Universität, Munich (until1950). Since 1963, he worked as a pro-fessor of mathematics and (since 1972)computer science at Technical Univer-sity of Munich. He retired in 1989.

Bauer's early work involved the con-struction of computing machinery (e.g.the logical relay computer Stanislaus in1951). In this context, he was the first topropose the widely used stack methodof expression evaluation. Bauer alsoworked in the committees that devel-oped the imperative computer program-ming languages ALGOL 58 and its suc-cessor ALGOL 60, important predeces-

sors to all modern imperative program-ming languages. In 1968, Bauer coinedthe term Software Engineering whichhas been in widespread use since.

Bauer was an influential figure in es-tablishing computer science as an inde-pendent subject in German universities.

His scientific contributions spreadfrom numerical analysis (Bauer-Fiketheorem) and fundamentals of interpre-tation and translation of programminglanguages, to his later works on sys-tematics of program development, espe-cially program transformation methodsand systems (CIP-S) and the associatedwide-spectrum language system CIP-L.He also wrote a well-respected book oncryptology, Decrypted secrets, now inits fourth edition.

He was the doctoral advisor of 39 stu-dents, including Manfred Broy, DavidGries, Manfred Paul, Gerhard Seeg-müller, Josef Stoer, Peter Wynn, andChristoph Zenger.

Friedrich Bauer is married to Dr.Hildegard Bauer-Vogg. He is the father

of three sons and two daughters.

Definition of Software

Engineering

Dr. Bauer was a colleague of the Ger-man Representative the NATO ScienceCommittee. In 1967, NATO had beendiscussing 'The Software Crisis' andFriedrich had suggested the term 'Soft-ware Engineering' as a way to conceiveof both the problem and the solution.

NATO had planned a conference todiscuss this crisis and it was at this con-ference in 1968, sponsored by theNATO Science Committee, inGarmisch, Germany, that Fritz Bauerproposed the following definition ofSoftware Engineering:

"Establishment and use of sound en-gineering principles to obtain economi-cally software that is reliable and workson real machines efficiently." FritzBauer, 1968.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_L._Bauer"

Frieder Nake • 11

Gerhard Weikum

Gerhard Weikum is a Research Direc-tor (and until Aug 2007, had also beenthe Managing Director) at the MaxPlanck Institute for Computer Science(MPI) in Saarbruecken, Germany,where he is leading the databases andinformation systems department. Hiscurrent research interests include dis-tributed information systems, P2P com-puting, database performance optimiza-tion (automatic tuning) and self-organi-zation (autonomic computing), and in-telligent organization and search ofsemistructured information. He is alsothe Dean of the International MaxPlanck Research School for ComputerScience (IMPRS-CS).

Earlier he held positions at SaarlandUniversity in Saarbrücken, Germany, atETH Zurich, Switzerland, at MCC inAustin, Texas, and he was a visiting se-nior researcher at Microsoft Research inRedmond, Washington. He received hisdiploma and doctoral degrees from theUniversity of Darmstadt, Germany.

He currently acts as the President ofthe VLDB endowment, which organizesthe yearly International Conference onVery Large Databases, a scientific con-ference for researchers in the area ofdatabase research.

In 2005 the Association for Comput-ing Machinery appointed GerhardWeikum a fellow, one of the highest

honors of the ACM. Weikum has beenhonored for his research in the fieldsof databases and information systems,in particular for his contributions to im-prove the reliability and the perfor-mance of large-scale, distributed infor-mation systems.

The circle of fellows is dominated byresearchers from US educational insti-tutions, such as Stanford University, theUniversity of California, Berkeley, orCMU. Since 1993, seven German re-searchers have been appointed ACMFellows.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Weikum"

Gernot Heiser

Gernot Heiser (born 1957) is a ScientiaProfessor and the John Lions Chair foroperating systems at the University ofNew South Wales (UNSW). He is alsoleader of the Operating Systems re-search group (ERTOS) at NICTA. In2006 he co-founded Open Kernel Labs(OK Labs) to commercialise his L4 mi-crokernel technology. After four yearsas the company's Chief Technology Of-ficer he left in July 2010 but continuesto serve as on the Board of Directors.

Research

Heiser's research focuses on microker-nels and microkernel-based systems aswell as virtual machines, with a specificemphasis on performance and reliabili-ty.

His group produced the Mungi singleaddress space operating system, aimedat clusters of 64-bit computers, and im-plementations of the L4 microkernelwith very fast inter-process communi-cation. His Gelato@UNSW team was afounding member of the Gelato Feder-ation, and focused on performance andscalability of Linux on Itanium. Theyestablished theoretical and practicalperformance limits of message-passingIPC on Itanium.

Since joining NICTA at its creation

in 2002, his research shifted away fromhigh-end computing platforms towardsembedded systems, with the specificaim of improving security, safety andreliability via the use of microkerneltechnology. This led to the developmentof a new microkernel called seL4, andits formal verification, claimed to be thefirst-ever complete proof of the func-tional correctness of a general-purposeOS kernel.

His work on virtualization was mo-tivated by the need to provide a com-plete OS environment on his microker-nels. His Wombat project followed theapproach taken with the L4Linux pro-ject at Dresden, but was a multi-archi-tecture paravirtualized Linux runningon x86, ARM and MIPS hardware. TheWombat work later formed the basis forthe OKL4 hypervisor of his companyOpen Kernel Labs.

The desire to reduce the engineeringeffort of paravirtualization led to the de-velopment of the soft layering ap-proach of automated paravirtulizationwhich was demonstrated on x86 and Ita-nium hardware. His vNUMA workdemonstrated a hypervisor which pre-sents a distributed system as a shared-memory multiprocessor as a possiblemodel for many-core chips with large

numbers of processor cores.Device drivers are another focus of

his work, including the first demonstra-tion of user-mode drivers with a per-formance overhead of less than 10%,an approach to driver development thateliminates the majority of typical driverbugs by design, device drivers producedfrom device test benches, and a demon-stration of the feasibility of the automat-ic generation of device drivers from for-mal specifications. Recent research alsoincludes power management.

In the past he also worked on semi-conductor device simulation, where hepioneered the use of multi-dimensionalmodeling in the optimisation of silicon-based solar cells.

Operating-System Projects

• seL4 3rd-generation microkernel• L4.verified formal verification of

seL4• Dingo and Termite frameworks for

reliable device drivers• Koala framework for OS-level ener-

gy management• vNUMA, a hypervisor providing

shared virtual memory on a cluster• Mungi and Iguana single address

space operating systems• Wombat portable Linux on L4 mi-

12 • Gerhard Weikum

crokernel• Gelato@UNSW performance and

scalability of Linux on Itanium• L4/MIPS 64-bit L4 microkernel on

MIPS architecture

Teaching

• Advanced Operating Systems atUNSW

Awards

• Scientia Professor of the Universityof New South Wales

• 2010 Innovation Hero of the WarrenCentre at the University of Sydney

• NSW Scientist of the Year 2009 Cat-egory Engineering, Mathematics andComputer Sciences

• Best Paper at the 22nd ACMSIGOPS Symposium on Operating

Systems Principles, 2009• Best Paper at the 13th IEEE Asia-

Pacific Computer Systems Architec-ture Conference, 2008

• Best Student Paper at the 2005USENIX Annual Technical Confer-ence

Publications of Note

Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gernot_Heiser"

Günter Hotz

Günter Hotz (born 16 November 1931)is a German pioneer of computer sci-ence. His work includes formal lan-guages, digital circuits and computa-tional complexity theory. In 1987, he

received the Gottfried Wilhelm LeibnizPrize of the Deutsche Forschungsge-meinschaft, which is the highest honourawarded in German research.

Hotz received his PhD in 1958 at

Göttingen. His advisor was Kurt Reide-meister.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Hotz"

Hans-Paul Schwefel

Hans-Paul Schwefel (born December4, 1940 in Berlin) is a German computerscientist and professor emeritus atUniversity of Dortmund (now Dort-mund University of Technology), wherehe held the chair of systems analysisfrom 1985 until 2006. He is one of thepioneers in evolutionary computationand one of the authors responsible forthe evolution strategies (Evolution-sstrategien). His work has helped to un-derstand the dynamics of evolutionaryalgorithms and to put evolutionary com-putation on formal grounds.

He attended the Technical Universityof Berlin (TUB) and graduated as anaerospace engineer in 1965 and got hisDr.-Ing. in 1975. While as a student atTUB, he met Ingo Rechenberg inNovember 1963. Both of them werestudying the aero- and space technologyand both of them were keen on cyber-netics and bionics. Rechenberg was

dealing with wall shear stress measure-ments and Schwefel was responsible fororganizing fluid dynamics exercises forother students. Together they weredreaming of a research robot workingaccording to cybernetic principles, butcomputers became available only lateron.

While attending the Hermann Föt-tinger-Institute for Hydrodynamics(HFI) at TUB, he and Rechenberg be-gan performing experiments uponwings, kinked plates, and other objectsrelated to fluid dynamics. The main ob-jective of those experiments concernedoptimizing the shape and/or parametersthrough mostly small modifications onthe real objects, a "technique" theycalled experimental optimization, in or-der to reduce the drag, increase thethrust, and so on. Applying classical op-timization methods (such as Gauss–Sei-del and gradient-based techniques) on

such experiments showed that thosemethods are not well suited to be adopt-ed in experimental optimization, mainlydue to noisy measurements and/or mul-timodality. They realized modifying allthe variables at same time via a randommanner (e.g., small modifications aremore frequent than larger ones). Thiswas the seminal idea to bring to light thefirst, two membered, evolution strategy,which was initially used on a discreteproblem (optimization of a kinked platein a wind tunnel) and was handled with-out computers.

Some time later, Schwefel expandedthe idea toward evolution strategies todeal with numerical/parametric opti-mization and, also, has helped to for-malize it as it is known nowadays.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans-Paul_Schwefel"

Hans-Peter Kriegel

Hans-Peter Kriegel (1 October 1948,Germany) is a German computer scien-tist and professor at the Ludwig Maxi-milian University of Munich and lead-ing the Database Systems Group in the

Department of Computer Science.His most important contributions are

the database index structures R*-tree,X-tree and IQ-Tree, the cluster analysisalgorithms DBSCAN, OPTICS and

SUBCLU and the anomaly detectionmethod Local Outlier Factor (LOF).

In 2009 the Association for Comput-ing Machinery appointed Hans-PeterKriegel a "fellow", one of its highest

Günter Hotz • 13

honors. He has been honored in par-ticular for his contributions to "knowl-edge discovery and data mining, simi-larity search, spatial data management,and access methods for high-dimen-sional data".

He is the most cited German re-searcher in databases and data mining.

His current research is focused

around correlation clustering, high-di-mensional data indexing and analysis,spatial data mining and spatial datamanagement as well as multimediadatabases.

His research group publishes a Javasoftware framework titled Environmentfor DeveLoping KDD-ApplicationsSupported by Index-Structures (ELKI)

that is designed for the parallel researchof index structures, data mining algo-rithms and their interaction, such as op-timized data mining algorithms basedon databases indexes.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans-Peter_Kriegel"

Hans Georg Bock

Hans Georg Bock (born May 9, 1948)is a German university professor formathematics and scientific computing.He is managing director of the Inter-disciplinary Center for Scientific Com-puting of the University of Heidelbergsince 2005, and has been vice managingdirector from 1993 to 2004. Hans GeorgBock is a member of the EuropeanMathematical Society's committee fordeveloping countries (CDC-EMS) andresponsible member for the region ofAsia therein.

In appreciation of his merits with re-spect to Vietnamese-German relationsand his role in the establishment of highperformance scientific computing inVietnam, he was awarded the honorarydegree of the Vietnamese Academy ofScience and Technology in 2000. In2003, he was awarded the Medal ofMerit of the Vietnamese Ministry forEducation and Training.

Academic profile

Hans Georg Bock graduated fromUniversity of Cologne in 1974 with adiploma thesis in mathematics titled"Numerische Optimierung zustands-beschränkter parameterabhängigerProzesse mit linear auftretenderSteuerung unter Anwendung derMehrzielmethode" (Numerical opti-mization of state-constrainedparameter-dependent processes withlinearly entering controls by applicationof the direct multiple shooting method)completed under the supervision of pro-fessor Roland Z. Bulirsch.

With his Ph.D. thesis "Randwert-problemmethoden zur Parameteridenti-fizierung in Systemen nichtlinearer Dif-ferentialgleichungen" (Boundary-value

problem methods for parameter estima-tion in systems of nonlinear differentialequations) completed under the super-vision of Jens Frehse and Roland Z.Bulirsch, he received a Ph.D. in appliedmathematics from the University ofBonn in 1986.

After staying in Heidelberg for twoyears as a visiting professor for numer-ical mathematics from 1987 to 1988, heaccepted a full professorship at theUniversity of Augsburg. In 1991 HansGeorg Bock accepted a call onto thechair for scientific computing and op-timization at the University of Heidel-berg.

Research

Hans Georg Bock authored or co-au-thored more than 170 scientific publica-tions. In particular, his scientific workcomprises advances in the fields of• adaptive discretization and approx-

imate Newton-type methods forlarge-scale optimization,

• simultaneous or one-shot methodsfor DAE and PDE constrained non-linear optimization and optimal con-trol problems,

• real-time computation of con-strained closed-loop control prob-lems subject to DAE and PDE, es-pecially nonlinear model predictivecontrol,

• numerical methods for state and pa-rameter estimation, and optimal ex-perimental design for DAE andPDE,

• numerical methods for differentialalgebraic equations (DAE),

• nonlinear mixed-integer dynamicoptimization,

• optimization under uncertainty,

• non-standard optimization and opti-mal control problems such as stabil-ity optimization of gait patterns,

• computational methods for the cul-tural heritage, and

• applications in aerospace, mechani-cal and biomechanical engineering,chemical and process engineering,systems biology, and biomedicine.

Teaching and supervision

Under the supervision of Hans GeorgBock, more than 70 diploma theses andmore than 30 doctoral theses have beencompleted. Of his former Ph.D. stu-dents, 12 received professorships fromGerman and international higher educa-tion institutions.

Hans Georg Bock rendered outstand-ing services to the development ofstructured, internationally linked, andinterdisciplinary doctoral programs byseveral innovations like the mentoringsystem in his positions as speaker ofdiverse research training groups of theDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaftsince 1992 and as director of the Heidel-berg Graduate School of mathematicaland computational methods for the sci-ences since November 2007.

Particularities

• In honor of the 60th birthday ofHans Georg Bock and Rolf Ran-nacher, the MOSOCOP 08 confer-ence was hosted in Heidelberg fromJuly 21 to July 25, 2008.

• The direct multiple shooting methodis often referred to as Bock's directmultiple shooting method.

Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Georg_Bock"

14 • Hans Georg Bock

Hans Hagen

Hans Hagen is a professor of computerscience at the University of Kaiser-slautern. From 1999 to 2003 he was the

editor in chief of IEEE Transactions onVisualization and Computer Graphics.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.

org/wiki/Hans_Hagen"

Hans Meuer

Hans Meuer is a Professor of Com-puter Science at the University ofMannheim, general manager of Prom-eteus GmbH and general chairman ofthe International Supercomputing Con-ference. In 1986, he became co-founderand organizer of the first Mannheim Su-percomputer Conference, which hasbeen held annually ever since.

Hans Meuer served as specialist, pro-ject leader, group and department chiefduring his 11 years at the Jülich Re-search Centre, Germany. For the fol-

lowing 26 years, he was director of thecomputer center and professor for com-puter science at the University ofMannheim, Germany. Since 1998, hehas been managing director of Prome-teus GmbH.

Hans Meuer studied mathematics,physics and politics at the universitiesof Marburg, Giessen and Vienna. In1972, he received his doctorate in math-ematics from the Rheinisch Westfälis-che Technical University (RWTH) ofAachen. Since 1974, he has been pro-

fessor of mathematics and computerscience at the University of Mannheimwith specialization in software engi-neering. For more than 20 years, he hasbeen involved intensively in the areas ofsupercomputing / parallel computing.

In 1993, Hans Meuer started theTOP500 initiative together with ErichStrohmaier, Horst Simon and Jack Don-garra.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Meuer"

Hans Witsenhausen

Hans S. Witsenhausen is notable for hiswork in the fields of control and in-formation theory, and their intersection.He has many foundational results in-cluding the intrinsic model in stochasticdecentralized control, the Witsenhausencounterexample, his work on Turángraph, and the various notions of com-mon information in information theory.

He was born in Frankfurt/Main, Ger-many, on May 6, 1930. He received theI.C.M.E. degree in electrical engineer-ing in 1953 and the degree of Licencieen Sciences in mathematical physics in

1956, both from the Universite Librede Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. He re-ceived the S.M. and Ph.D. degrees inelectrical engineering from the Massa-chusetts institute of Technology, Cam-bridge, in 1964 and 1966, respectivelyFrom 1957 to 1959 he was engaged inproblem analysis and programming atthe European Computation Center,Brussels. From 1960 to 1963 he wasa Senior Engineer at the Research andComputation Division of Electronic As-sociates, inc., Princeton, N.J., where heworked on analog and hybrid computer

techniques and on systems analysisproblems. From 1963 to 1965 he wasassociated with the Electronic SystemsLaboratory and the Lincoln Laboratoryat MIT During 1965–1966 he was a fel-low of the Fannie and John Hertz Foun-dation.

This biography appears in his paper.Currently, he has retired from active re-search.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Witsenhausen"

Harald Ganzinger

Harald Ganzinger (October 31, 1950 -June 3, 2004) was a German computerscientist that together with Leo Bach-mair developed the superposition calcu-lus, which is (as of 2007) used in mostof the state-of-the-art automated theo-rem provers for first-order logic.

He received his Ph.D. from the Tech-nical University of Munich in 1978. Be-

fore 1991 he was a Professor of Com-puter Science at University of Dort-mund. Then he joined the Max PlanckInstitute for Computer Science in Saar-brücken shortly after it was founded in1991. Until 2004 he was the Directorof the Programming Logics departmentof the Max Planck Institute for Com-puter Science and honorary professor at

Saarland University. His research groupcreated the SPASS automated theoremprover.

He received the Herbrand Award in2004 (posthumous) for his importantcontributions to automated theoremproving.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald_Ganzinger"

Hans Hagen • 15

Hartmut Neven

Hartmut Neven (born 1964 in Aachen,Germany) is a scientist working in com-putational neurobiology, robotics andcomputer vision. He is best known forhis work in face and object recognition.He is currently Director of Engineeringat Google.

Education

Hartmut Neven studied Physics andEconomics in Köln, Paris, Tübingen,Aachen, Jerusalem and Brazil. He wrotehis Master thesis on a neuronal modelof object recognition at the Max PlanckInstitute for Biological Cybernetics un-der Valentino Braitenberg. In 1996 hereceived his Ph.D. from the Institute forNeuroinformatics at the Ruhr Univer-sity in Bochum, Germany, for a thesison "Dynamics for vision-guided au-tonomous mobile robots" written under

the tutelage of Christoph von der Mals-burg.

Work

Neven was assistant professor of com-puter science at the University of South-ern California at the Laboratory for Bio-logical and Computational Vision. Laterhe returned as the head of the Labora-tory for Human-Machine Interfaces atUSC’s Information Sciences Institute.

Neven co-founded two companies,Eyematic for which he served as CTOand Neven Vision which he initially ledas CEO. At Eyematic he developedreal-time facial feature analysis foravatar animation. Neven Vision pio-neered mobile visual search for cameraphones and was acquired by Google in2006. Today he manages a team respon-sible for advancing Google’s visual

search technologies and is the engineer-ing manager for Google Goggles.

Teams led by Neven have repeatedlywon top scores in government spon-sored tests designed to determine themost accurate face recognition soft-ware.

In 2006 Neven started to explore theapplication of quantum computing tohard combinatorial problems arising inmachine learning. In collaboration withD-Wave he developed the first imagerecognition system based on quantumalgorithms. It was demonstrated at Su-perComputing07. At NIPS 2009 histeam demonstrated the first binary clas-sifier trained on a quantum processor.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartmut_Neven"

Hartmut Surmann

Hartmut Surmann (born 1963 in Dül-men, Germany) is a Roboticist, Profes-sor for Autonomous Systems at AppliedUniversity of Gelsenkirchen and Re-searcher at the Fraunhofer Institut Intel-ligente Analyse- und Informationssys-tem (IAIS). His primary research inter-ests are autonomous mobile roboticsand computational intelligence. He re-ceived several awards, e.g., the FUZZ-IEEE/IFES'95 robot intelligence award,

NC2001 best presentation award, SSRR2005 best paper award and the Ph.D.award for his thesis from the German AIinstitutes in 1996. His robot KURT3Dwon the second place in the RoboCuprescue robot league at the world cham-pionship in Lisbon in 2004. He leads theinternational rescue robotic team duringcollapse of the historical archive of thecity of cologne in march 2009.

Biography

Education

Surmann received his diploma in Com-puter Science and his PhD in ElectricalEngineering from the University ofDortmund, Germany, in 1989 and 1995,respectively.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartmut_Surmann"

Holger H. Hoos

Holger H. Hoos is a German-Canadiancomputer scientist and a professor in theComputer Science Department at theUniversity of British Columbia. His re-search interests are focused on empiri-cal algorithmics with applications in ar-tificial intelligence, bioinformatics andoperations research. In particular, heworks on automated algorithm design

and on stochastic local search algo-rithms.

He wrote the book Stochastic LocalSearch: Foundations and Applications(with Thomas Stützle), and his researchis published widely in internationallyleading journals and conference pro-ceedings. He also works in computermusic, where he created the SALIERI

music programming language and com-puter music system (with Thomas Hel-bich, Jürgen Kilian and Kai Renz) aswell as GUIDO music notation (withKeith Hamel).Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holger_H._Hoos"

Horst Zuse

Horst Zuse (b. November 17, 1945 in Bad Hindelang) is a professor of Com- puter Science at the Technical Univer-

16 • Hartmut Neven

sity of Berlin (Technische UniversitätBerlin) and the son of the noted comput-er scientist Konrad Zuse.

He first studied electrical engineer-ing. Later on he completed his PhD onsoftware metrics.

Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horst_Zuse"

Ingo Rechenberg

Ingo Rechenberg (born January 20,1934 in Berlin) is a German computerscientist and professor. Rechenberg isa pioneer of the fields of evolutionarycomputation and artificial evolution. Inthe 1960s and 1970s he invented a high-ly influential set of optimization meth-ods known as evolution strategies (fromGerman Evolutionsstrategie). His groupsuccessfully applied the new algorithmsto challenging problems such as aero-

dynamic wing design. These were thefirst serious technical applications of ar-tificial evolution, an important subset ofthe still growing field of bionics.

Rechenberg was educated at theTechnical University of Berlin and atthe University of Cambridge. Since1972 he has been a full professor at theTechnical University of Berlin, wherehe is heading the Department of Bionicsand Evolution Techniques.

His awards include the LifetimeAchievement Award of the Evolution-ary Programming Society (US, 1995)and the Evolutionary ComputationPioneer Award of the IEEE Neural Net-works Society (US, 2002). In 1954,Rechenberg also became world champi-on in the field of model aeroplanes.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingo_Rechenberg"

Ingo Wegener

Ingo Wegener (* December 4, 1950 inBremen; November 26, 2008 in Biele-feld) was an influential German com-puter scientist working in the field oftheoretical computer science.

Awards and honors

For his merits on teaching and researchin the field of theoretical computer sci-ence, he earned in 2006 the KonradZuse medal from the German society

for computer science, the "Gesellschaftfür Informatik".Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingo_Wegener"

Jochen Liedtke

Jochen Liedtke (1953 – 10 June 2001)was a German computer scientist, notedfor his work on microkernels, especiallythe creation of the L4 microkernel fam-ily.

Liedtke's work on the ELAN pro-gramming language in the 1970s ledhim to create Eumel, an innovative run-time environment for Elan. In 1984, hejoined the GMD (Gesellschaft für Ma-thematik und Datenverarbeitung, or So-ciety for Mathematics and Informationtechnology, which is now a part of the

Fraunhofer Society) and began workingon L3, a successor to Eumel. At a timewhen microkernels were losing favourbecause of the relatively high cost ofmessage passing, he demonstrated thatcareful design and implementationcould drastically reduce IPC costs. Healso proposed using a hierarchy of ex-ternal pagers (page fault handlers), animportant feature of modern microker-nels.

Liedtke also worked on computer ar-chitecture, inventing guarded page ta-

bles as a means of implementing asparsely-mapped 64-bit address space.In 1996, Liedtke completed a PhD onguarded page tables at the TechnicalUniversity of Berlin. He then joined theThomas J. Watson Research Centerwhere he began work on L4. In 1999, hebecame a professor at the University ofKarlsruhe. He died in a car accident in2001.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jochen_Liedtke"

Juergen Pirner

One sense of Jabberwock disam-biguates to here. For the later, two-timewinner of the same prize, see Jab-berwacky.Juergen Pirner (born 1956) is the Ger-man creator of Jabberwock, a chatterbot

that won the 2003 Loebner prize.Pirner created Jabberwock modelling

the Jabberwocky from Lewis Carroll'spoem of the same name. Initially, Jab-berwock would just give rude orfantasy-related answers; but over the

years, Pirner has programmed better re-sponses into it. As of 2007 he has taughtit 2.7 million responses.

Pirner lives in Hamburg, Germany.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juergen_Pirner"

Ingo Rechenberg • 17

Jörg-Rüdiger Sack

Jörg-Rüdiger Wolfgang Sack (born inDuisberg, Germany) is a professor ofcomputer science at Carleton Universi-ty, where he holds the SUN–NSERCchair in Applied Parallel Computing.Sack received a masters degree from theUniversity of Bonn in 1979 and a Ph.D.in 1984 from McGill University, underthe supervision of Godfried Toussaint.

He is co-editor-in-chief of the journalsComputational Geometry: Theory andApplications and the Journal of SpatialInformation Science, co-editor of theHandbook of Computational Geometry(Elsevier, 2000, ISBN9780444825377), and co-editor of theproceedings of the biennial Algorithmsand Data Structures Symposium

(WADS). Sack's research interests in-clude computational geometry, parallelalgorithms, and geographic informationsystems.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6rg-R%C3%BCdi-ger_Sack"

Kai Krause

Kai Krause (left) demonstrates Bryce toselected guests at a German computerfair. Photo: Maximilian Schönherr, ca.1995

Kai Krause (born 1957) is a softwareand graphical user interface designer,best known for founding MetaCreationsCorp., his Kai’s Power Tools series ofproducts, and for his contributions tographical user interface design.

Biography

Born in Dortmund, Germany, Krausemoved to the California, United Statesin 1976. He worked with early synthe-sizers and vocoders. He worked on al-most thirty records and movies. Krausehas a Master’s degree from the Brooks

institute in Santa Barbara, California(1996), and a honorary doctorate fromthe University of Essen, Germany(1999).

Today Kai Krause lives and worksin the 1000-year-old castle Burg Rhei-neck near Bonn in Germany, which hecalled Byteburg. In February 2005, the"DEMO" conference acknowledgedhim as one of the Top 15 Innovators ofthe last 15 years.

History

Krause significantly broadened conven-tional notions of the graphical user in-terface by applying innovative designprinciples and providing realtime inter-action for the user, neither of whichwere widely deployed in the 1980s be-cause of the low graphics abilities of thecurrent hardware, and most users foundthem too oblique to learn and remem-ber. Krause's products pioneered userinterface techniques like soft shadows,rounded corners, and translucency,which were adopted in the Aqua of MacOS X in 2001, and later became com-mon in Windows XP and Linux.

The company which he co-founded,MetaCreations Corp., began as HSCSoftware, which released the first ver-sion of Kai's breakthrough product,Kai's Power Tools (a.k.a "KPT"), in

1992. HSC went on to release a secondversion of KPT, and the first versionof Bryce, and several other titles beforechanging their name to Metatools in1995. This name remained until 1997,when a rapid series of mergers withFractal Design, RayDream, Specular,and RTG (Real-Time Geometry) neces-sitated a new identity for the growingorganization: MetaCreations.

For the rest of the 1990s, Me-taCreations continued to develop a widevariety of successful graphical softwaretitles. Application and interfaces forwhich Krause was most directly respon-sible include Kai's Power Tools, LivePicture, Bryce, Kai's Power Show, Kai'sPower Goo, Convolver, Kai's PhotoSoap and Poser.

Software

• Kai’s Power Tools is now publishedby Corel Corporation, as "The CorelKPT Collection".

• KPT Bryce is now published byDAZ 3D, as simply "Bryce".

• Kai's Power Show, Kai's Photo Soapand Kai's Power Goo are now prop-erty of Nuance Communications.They have been discontinued.

Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kai_Krause"

18 • Jörg-Rüdiger Sack

Karl Steinbuch

Karl Steinbuch.

Dr. Karl W. Steinbuch (June 15,1917 in Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt - June4, 2005 in Ettlingen) was a Germancomputer scientist, cyberneticist, andelectrical engineer. He is one of the pio-neers of the German computer science,as well as with his Lernmatrix an earlypioneer of artificial neural networks.Steinbuch also wrote about the societal

implications of modern media.

Biography

Steinbuch studied at the University ofStuttgart and in 1944 he received hisPhd in physics. In 1948 Steinbuchjoined the Standard Elektrik Lorenz(SEL, part of the ITT group) in Stuttgartas a computer design engineer and lateras a director of R&D, filing more than70 patents. There Steinbuch completedthe first European fully transistorizedcomputer ER 56, marketed by SEL. In1958 he became professor and directorof the institute of technology for infor-mation processing (ITIV) of the Univer-sity of Karlsruhe, where he retired in1980.

In 1967 by his indictment-like best-selling book, and later by other bestsell-ing books, he tried to influence the Ger-man education policy. Together withbooks from colleagues like Jean Zieglerfrom Switzerland, Eric J. Hobsbawmfrom UK, and John Naisbitt his books

predicted the coming education disasterof the emerging civic lobby society.

Karl Steinbuch coined the term Infor-matik, the German word for ComputerScience, in 1957.

Awards:• Wilhelm-Boelsche award - medal in

Gold• German non-fiction book award• Gold medal award of the XXI. Inter-

national Congresses on AerospaceMedicine

• Konrad Adenauer award of science• Jakob Fugger award medal• Medal of merit of the state of Baden-

Wuerttemberg• member, German Academy of

Sciences Leopoldina• member, International Academy of

Science.• grants from a state government

grants program, named „Karl-Steinbuch-Stipendium“

Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Steinbuch"

Klaus Dittrich

Klaus R. Dittrich (December 30, 1950– November 20, 2007) was a Germancomputer scientist.

Biography

After his high school graduation atGymnasium Münchberg he studied atUniversity of Karlsruhe where he re-ceived his diploma degree (M.Sc.) inComputer Science.

1982 he earned his Ph.D. at Univer-sität Karlsruhe, Institute for ProgramStructures and Data Organization. Hewas heading the database departmentResearch Center for Information Tech-nologies at University of Karlsruhefrom 1985 to 1989.

Since 1989 he has been a Professor ofComputer Science at the University ofZurich and head of the Database Tech-

nology Research Group.Klaus R. Dittrich took sabbatical

leaves at Stanford University andHewlett Packard Labs (1996), atUniversità degli Studi di Milano and atBoeing (2002). 1999 he was guest pro-fessor at Aalborg University.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_Dittrich"

Karl Steinbuch • 19

Klaus Knopper

Klaus Knopper (2011)

Klaus Knopper (born 1968 in Ingel-heim) is a German electrical engineerand free software developer. "My na-

tionality from my passport is austrian,not german, though I will absolutely notcomplain about being listed as "germanengineer", because I was born and havelived in Germany all of my life", - saysKlaus Knopper.

Knopper is the creator of Knoppix,a well-known live CD Linux distribu-tion. He received his diploma in electri-cal engineering from the KaiserslauternUniversity of Technology (in German:Technische Universität Kaiserslautern),co-founded LinuxTag in 1996 (a majorEuropean Linux expo) and has been aself-employed information technologyconsultant since 1998. He also teachesat the Kaiserslautern University of Ap-plied Sciences.

Knopper is married to Adriane Knop-per, who has a visual impairment. Shehas been assisting Knopper with a ver-sion of Knoppix for blind and visually

impaired people, released in the thirdquarter of 2007 as a Live CD. Her namehas been given to the distribution: Adri-ane Knoppix.

Adriane is rather a desktop or "Non-graphical-userinterface" for blind com-puter beginners than a "distribution". Itwill work on top of any GNU/Linux dis-tribution that has a screenreader (Prefer-ably SBL) and some text-based tools forinternet access and normal work.

Nowadays, Knoppix is mainly usedon USB-Flashdisk, and the DVD isoversion is the main distribution media,though the CD-Version still exists asa start or base for other live-distris.Therefore "a well-known live CD Linuxdistribution" may not be entirely appro-priate.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_Knopper"

Klaus Samelson

Klaus Samelson (December 21, 1918– May 25, 1980) was a German math-ematician, physicist, and computer pi-oneer in the area of programming lan-guage translation and push-pop stack al-gorithms for sequential formula transla-tion on computers.

Early life

He was born in Strasbourg, Alsace, andhe lived in Breslau in his early child-hood years. Due to political circum-stances, he waited until 1946 to studyMathematics and Physics at the LudwigMaximilian University of Munich inMunich.

Career

After graduating, he worked shortly asa high school teacher before he returnedto university. He completed his doctor-ate degree in Physics with Fritz Boppwith a dissertation on a quantum me-chanical problem posed by ArnoldSommerfeld related to Unipolar Induc-tion.

Dr Samelson became interested inNumerical Analysis, and when HansPiloty, an electrical engineer, andRobert Sauer, a professor of Mathemat-ics, began working together, he joinedand got involved in early computers asa research associate in the MathematicalInstitute of the Technical UniversityMunich.

This changed his scientific career.His first publications came from Sauer'sinterests dealing with supersonic flowand precision problems of digital com-putations for numerical calculations ofEigenvalues.

Soon after, Samelson's strong influ-ence began on the development of Com-puter Science and Informatics as a newscientific discipline. With Friedrich L.Bauer, who also had Fritz Bopp as hisPh.D. advisor, he studied the structureof programming languages in order todevelop efficient algorithms for theirtranslation and implementation. This re-search led to bracketed structures andit became clear to Samelson that this

principle should govern the translationof programming languages and the run-time system with stack models andblock structure. It was a fundamentalbreakthrough in how computer systemsare modeled and designed.

Piloty, Bauer and Samelson had alsoworked on the design of PERM, a com-puter based partially on the Whirlwindconcept. By 1955, the PERM was com-pleted and they continued work thatBauer had begun in 1951 on concepts inautomatic programming.

Samelson played a key role in the de-sign of ALGOL 58 and ALGOL 60.

In 1958, he accepted a chair forMathematics at the University ofMainz, and since 1963 he held a chair atthe Technical University Munich wherehe and F.L. Bauer, began to developa university curriculum for Informaticsand Computer Science. He was in-volved with international standards inprogramming and informatics throughIFIP. He became an editor of the journalActa Informatica when it began in 1971.

20 • Klaus Knopper

Selected publications

• Alan J. Perlis, Klaus Samelson, Pre-liminary Report: International Alge-braic Language, Communications ofthe ACM 1(12): 8-22 (1958)

• Klaus Samelson, Friedrich L. Bauer,Sequentielle Formelübersetzung("Sequential Formula Translation"),Elektronische Rechenanlagen 1(4):176-182 (1959)

• Edsger W. Dijkstra, W. Heise, AlanJ. Perlis, Klaus Samelson, ALGOLSub-Committee Report - Extensions.Communications of the ACM 2(9):24 (1959)

• Friedrich L. Bauer, Klaus Samelson:The problem of a common language,especially for scientific numeralwork, IFIP Congress 1959: 120-124

• John W. Backus, Friedrich L. Bauer,Julien Green, C. Katz, JohnMcCarthy, Alan J. Perlis, HeinzRutishauser, Klaus Samelson,Bernard Vauquois, Joseph HenryWegstein, Adriaan van Wijngaar-den, Michael Woodger, Report onthe Algorithmic Language ALGOL60", Communications of the ACM3(5): 299-314, 1960

• Sequential Formula Translation,Klaus Samelson, Friedrich L. Bauer,Communications of the ACM 3(2):

76-83, 1960• Comments on ALGOL 60 Mainte-

nance and Revisions, ALGOL Bul-letin, Issue 12, April 1961

• Klaus Samelson, Programming Lan-guages and their Processing, IFIPCongress 1962: 487-492

• Jürgen Eickel, Manfred Paul,Friedrich L. Bauer, Klaus Samelson,A Syntax Controlled Generator ofFormal Language Processors, Com-munications of the ACM 6(8):451-455, 1963

• John W. Backus, Friedrich L. Bauer,Julien Green, C. Katz, JohnMcCarthy, Alan J. Perlis, HeinzRutishauser, Klaus Samelson,Bernard Vauquois, Joseph HenryWegstein, Adriaan van Wijngaar-den, Michael Woodger, Peter Naur,Revised Report on the AlgorithmicLanguage ALGOL 60, Communica-tions of the ACM 6(1): 1-17, 1963

• Friedrich L. Bauer, Klaus Samelson,Language Hierarchies and Inter-faces, International Summer School,Marktoberdorf, Germany, July 23 -August 2, 1975 Springer, 1976

• Klaus Samelson, ECI Conference1976, Proceedings of the 1st Euro-pean Cooperation in Informatics,Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Au-

gust 9-12, 1976, Proceedings,Springer, 1976

• Rupert Gnatz, Klaus Samelson,Methoden der Informatik für Rech-nerunterstütztes Entwerfen und Kon-struieren, GI-Fachtagung, München,19./21. Oktober 1977, Springer,1977

• Klaus Samelson, Entwicklungslinienin der Informatik, GI Jahrestagung1978, pp. 132-148

• Friedrich L. Bauer, Manfred Broy,Walter Dosch, Rupert Gnatz, BerndKrieg-Brückner, Alfred Laut, M.Luckmann, T. Matzner, BernhardMöller, Helmuth Partsch, Peter Pep-per, Klaus Samelson, Ralf Stein-brüggen, Martin Wirsing, HansWössner, Programming in a WideSpectrum Language: A Collection ofExamples, Sci. Comput. Program.1(1-2): 73-114 (1981)

• Klaus Samelson, Friedrich L. Bauer,Sequential Formula Translation,(Reprint). Communications of theACM 26(1): 9-13 (1983)

• The Munich Project CIP: Volume I:the wide spectrum language CIP-L,Springer-Verlag, 1986

Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_Samelson"

Konrad Zuse

Konrad Zuse (German pronunciation:[ˈkɔnʁat ˈtsuːzə]; (1910–1995) was aGerman civil engineer and computer pi-oneer. His greatest achievement was theworld's first functional program-con-trolled Turing-complete computer, theZ3, which became operational in May1941.

Zuse was also noted for the S2 com-puting machine, considered the firstprocess-controlled computer. He found-ed one of the earliest computer busi-nesses in 1941, producing the Z4, whichbecame the world's first commercialcomputer. In 1946, he designed the firsthigh-level programming language,Plankalkül. In 1969, Zuse suggested theconcept of a computation-based uni-verse in his book Rechnender Raum

(Calculating Space).Much of his early work was financed

by his family and commerce, but after1939 he was given resources by theNazi German Government. Due toWorld War II, Zuse's work went largelyunnoticed in the UK and the US. Pos-sibly his first documented influence ona US company was IBM's option on hispatents in 1946.

There is a replica of the Z3, as wellas the original Z4, in the Deutsches Mu-seum in Munich. The Deutsches Tech-nikmuseum in Berlin has an exhibitiondevoted to Zuse, displaying twelve ofhis machines, including a replica of theZ1 and several of Zuse's paintings.

Pre-WWII work and the Z1

Zuse Z1 replica in the German Muse-um of Technology in Berlin

Born in Berlin, Germany 22 June 1910,he moved with his family in 1912 toBraunsberg, East Prussia, where his fa-ther was a postal clerk. Zuse attended

Konrad Zuse • 21

the Collegium Hosianum in Brauns-berg. In 1923, the family moved to Hoy-erswerda, where he passed his Abitur in1928, qualifying him to enter universi-ty.

He enrolled in the TechnischeHochschule Berlin-Charlottenburg andexplored both engineering and architec-ture, but found them boring. Zuse thenpursued civil engineering, graduating in1935. For a time he worked for the FordMotor Company, using his considerableartistic skills in the design of advertise-ments. He started work as a design en-gineer at the Henschel aircraft factoryin Berlin-Schönefeld. This required theperformance of many routine calcula-tions by hand, which he found mind-numbingly boring, leading him todream of performing calculations bymachine.

Working in his parents' apartment in1936, his first attempt, called the Z1,was a floating point binary mechanicalcalculator with limited programmabili-ty, reading instructions from a perforat-ed 35 mm film. In 1937 Zuse submittedtwo patents that anticipated a von Neu-mann architecture. He finished the Z1in 1938. The Z1 contained some 30,000metal parts and never worked well, dueto insufficient mechanical precision.The Z1 and its original blueprints weredestroyed during WWII.

Between 1987 and 1989, Zuse recre-ated the Z1, suffering a heart attackmidway through the project. It cost800,000 DM, and required four individ-uals (including Zuse) to assemble it.Funding for this retrocomputing projectwas provided by Siemens and a consor-tium of five companies.

The Z2, Z3, and Z4

Statue of Zuse in Bad Hersfeld

Zuse completed his work entirely in-dependently of other leading computerscientists and mathematicians of hisday. Between 1936 and 1945, he was innear-total intellectual isolation. In 1939,Zuse was called for military service,where he was given the resources to ul-timately build the Z2. Zuse built the Z2,a revised version of the Z1, using tele-phone relays. In 1941 he started a com-pany, Zuse Apparatebau (Zuse Appa-ratus Engineering), to manufacture hismachines.

Improving on the basic Z2 machine,he built the Z3 in 1941. It was a binary22-bit floating point calculator featuringprogrammability with loops but withoutconditional jumps, with memory and acalculation unit based on telephone re-lays. The telephone relays used in hismachines were largely collected fromdiscarded stock. Despite the absence ofconditional jumps, the Z3 was a Turingcomplete computer (ignoring the factthat no physical computer can be trulyTuring complete because of limitedstorage size). However, Turing-com-pleteness was never considered by Zuse(who had practical applications inmind) and only demonstrated in 1998(see History of computing hardware).The first electronic computer (thoughnot programmable) was the Atanasoffmachine developed at Iowa State

University during 1939-41.The Z3, the first fully operational

electromechanical computer, was par-tially financed by German government-supported DVL (Deutsche Versuch-sanstalt für Luftfahrt, i.e. GermanExperimentation-Institution for Avia-tion), which wanted their extensive cal-culations automated. A request by hisco-worker Helmut Schreyer — who hadhelped Zuse build the Z3 prototype in1938 — for government funding for anelectronic successor to the Z3 was de-nied as "strategically unimportant".

In 1937 Schreyer had advised Zuseto use vacuum tubes as switching ele-ments; Zuse at this time considered ita crazy idea ("Schnapsidee" in his ownwords). Zuse's company (with the Z1,Z2 and Z3) was destroyed in 1945 byan Allied air attack. The partially fin-ished, relay-based Z4, which Zuse hadbegun constructing in 1942, had beenmoved to a safe location earlier. Workon the Z4 could not continue in the ex-treme privation of post-war Germany,and it was not until 1949 that he wasable to resume work on it. He showed itto the mathematician Eduard Stiefel ofthe Swiss Federal Institute of Technol-ogy Zurich (Eidgenössische TechnischeHochschule (ETH) Zürich) who orderedone in 1950. On 8 November 1949 ZuseKG was founded. The Z4 was deliveredto ETH Zurich on 12 July 1950, andproved very reliable.

S1 and S2

In 1940, the German government beganfunding him through the Aerodynamis-che Versuchsanstalt (AVA, Aerody-namic Research Institute, forerunner ofthe DLR), which used his work for theproduction of glide bombs. Zuse builtthe S1 and S2 computing machines,which were special purpose deviceswhich computed aerodynamic correc-tions to the wings of radio-controlledflying bombs. The S2 featured an in-tegrated analog-to-digital converter un-der program control, making it the firstprocess-controlled computer.

These machines contributed to theHenschel Werke Hs 293 and Hs 294developed by the German military be-

22 • Konrad Zuse

tween 1941 and 1945, which were theprecursor to the modern cruise missile.The circuit design of the S1 was the pre-decessor of Zuse's Z11. Zuse believedthat these machines had been capturedby occupying Soviet troops in 1945.

Plankalkül

While working on his Z4 computer,Zuse realised that programming in ma-chine code was too complicated, so hedesigned the first high-level program-ming language, Plankalkül ("Plan Cal-culus"), in 1945/6. This was first pub-lished in 1948, although not in its en-tirety until 1972. It was a theoreticalcontribution, since the language was notimplemented in his lifetime and did notdirectly influence subsequent early lan-guages. One of the inventors of ALGOL(Heinz Rutishauser) wrote: "The veryfirst attempt to devise an algorithmiclanguage was undertaken in 1948 by K.Zuse. His notation was quite general,but the proposal never attained the con-sideration it deserved." No compiler orinterpreter was available for Plankalküluntil a team from the Free University ofBerlin implemented one in 2000.

Marriage and family

Konrad Zuse married Gisela Brandes inJanuary 1945 - employing a carriage,himself dressed in tailcoat and top hatand with Gisela in wedding veil, forZuse attached importance to a "nobleceremony." Their son Horst, the first offive children, was born in November1945.

Zuse the entrepreneur

Zuse's workshop at Neukirchen (situa-tion January 2010)

Magnetic drum storage inside a Z31(which was first displayed in 1963).

In 1946 Zuse founded one of the earliestcomputer companies: the Zuse-Inge-nieurbüro Hopferau. Capital was raisedthrough ETH Zurich and an IBM optionon Zuse's patents.

Zuse founded another company, ZuseKG in Haunetal-Neukirchen in 1949; in1957 the company’s head office movedto Bad Hersfeld. The Z4 was finishedand delivered to the ETH Zurich,Switzerland in September 1950. At thattime, it was the only working computerin continental Europe, and the secondcomputer in the world to be sold, onlybeaten by the BINAC, which neverworked properly after it was delivered.Other computers, all numbered with aleading Z, up to Z43, were built by Zuseand his company. Notable are the Z11,which was sold to the optics industryand to universities, and the Z22, the firstcomputer with a memory based on mag-netic storage.

By 1967, the Zuse KG had built a to-tal of 251 computers. Due to financialproblems, the company was then sold toSiemens.

Calculating Space

In 1967 Zuse also suggested that theuniverse itself is running on a grid ofcomputers (digital physics); in 1969 hepublished the book Rechnender Raum

(translated into English as CalculatingSpace). This idea has attracted a lot ofattention, since there is no physical ev-idence against Zuse's thesis. EdwardFredkin (1980s), Jürgen Schmidhuber(1990s), Stephen Wolfram (A New Kindof Science) and others have expandedon it.

Zuse received several awards for hiswork. After he retired, he focused onhis hobby, painting. Zuse died on 18December 1995 in Hünfeld, Germany,near Fulda.

Awards

• Werner-von-Siemens-Ring in 1964(together with Fritz Leonhardt andWalter Schottky)

• Harry H. Goode Memorial Award in1965 (together with George Stibitz)

• Bundesverdienstkreuz in 1972 -Great Cross of Merit

• Computer History Museum FellowAward in 1999

Zuse Year 2010

The 100th anniversary of the birth ofthis computer pioneer was celebrated byexhibitions, lectures and workshops toremember his life and work and to bringattention to the importance of his inven-tion to the digital age. The movie Tron:Legacy, which revolves around a worldinside a computer system, also featuresa character named Zuse, presumably inhonour of Konrad Zuse.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Zuse"

Kurt Mehlhorn

Kurt Mehlhorn (born August 29, 1949 in Ingolstadt, Germany) is a German computer scientist. He has been a vice

Kurt Mehlhorn • 23

president of the Max Planck Society andis director of the Max Planck Institutefor Computer Science.

Education

Mehlhorn graduated in 1971 from theTechnical University of Munich, wherehe studied computer science and math-ematics, and earned his Ph.D. in 1974from Cornell University under the su-pervision of Robert Constable. Since1975 he has been on the faculty of Saar-land University in Saarbrücken, Ger-many, where he was chair of the com-puter science department from 1976 to1978 and again from 1987 to 1989.Since 1990 has been the director of theMax Planck Institute for ComputerScience, also in Saarbrücken. He hasbeen on the editorial boards of ten jour-nals, a trustee of the International Com-puter Science Institute in Berkeley, Cal-ifornia, and a member of the board of

governors of Jacobs University Bremen.He won the Gottfried Wilhelm LeibnizPrize in 1986, the Karl Heinz BeckurtsAward in 1994, the Konrad Zuse Medalin 1995, and the EATCS Award in2010. He was named a Fellow of theAssociation of Computing Machineryin 1999, a member of the Berlin-Bran-denburg Academy of Sciences in 2001,and a member of the German Academyof Sciences Leopoldina in 2004. He hasreceived honorary doctorates from theOtto von Guericke University ofMagdeburg in 2004 and the Universityof Waterloo in 2006.

Research

Mehlhorn is the author of several booksand over 250 scientific publications,.which include fundamental contribu-tions to Data structures, computationalgeometry, computer algebra, parallelcomputing, VLSI design, computational

complexity, combinatorial optimiza-tion, and graph algorithms.

Mehlhorn has been an important fig-ure in the development of algorithm en-gineering and is one of the developersof LEDA, the Library of Efficient Datatypes and Algorithms.

Mehlhorn has played an importantrole in the establishment of several re-search centres for computer science inGermany. He was the driving force be-hind the establishment of a Max PlanckInstitute for Computer Science in Ger-many, the Max Planck Institute forComputer Science (MPII). Mehlhorn ismanaging director of the institute andheads the department of algorithms andcomplexity. He also initiated the re-search center for computer science atDagstuhl and the European Symposiumon Algorithms.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Mehlhorn"

Manfred Broy

Manfred Broy (born 10 August 1949 atLandsberg am Lech) is a German com-puter scientist.

Broy is a professor in the Institut fürInformatik at the Technische Univer-sität München, Garching, Germany.

Selected books

• Model-Based Testing of ReactiveSystems: Advanced Lectures (Lec-ture Notes in Computer Science) byManfred Broy, Bengt Jonsson,Joost-Pieter Katoen, Martin Leuck-er, and Alexander Pretschner (2005)

• Software Pioneers by Manfred Broyand Ernst Denert (2002)

• Software Systems Reliability and Se-curity — Volume 9, NATO Securitythrough Science Series: Informationand Communication Security (NatoSecurity Through … D: Informationand Communication Security) byManfred Broy, Johannes Grunbauer,and Tony Hoare (2007)

• Automotive Software-ConnectedServices in Mobile Networks: First

Automotive Software Workshop,ASWSD 2004, San Diego, CA, USA,January 10–12, 2004, Revised …Papers (Lecture Notes in ComputerScience) by Manfred Broy, IngolfKrüger, and Michael Meisinger(2006)

• Calculational System Design(NATO Science Series: Computers& Systems Sciences) (NATO ASISeries Series III, Computer and Sys-tems Sciences) by Germany) NATOAdvanced Study Institute on Calcu-lational System Design (1998:Marktoberdorf), Manfred Broy, andR. Steinbruggen (2000)

• Constructive Methods in ComputingScience: International SummerSchool (NATO ASI series. Series F,Computer and systems sciences) byManfred Broy (1989)

• Deductive Program Design (NATOASI Series / Computer and SystemsSciences) by Manfred Broy (1996)

• Engineering Theories of SoftwareConstruction (NATO Science

Series. Series III, Computer and Sys-tems Sciences, 180) by Germany)NATO Advanced Study Institute onEngineering Theories of SoftwareConstruction (2000: Marktoberdorf),Tony Hoare, Manfred Broy, andRalf Steinbruggen (2001)

• Engineering Theories of SoftwareIntensive Systems: Proceedings ofthe NATO Advanced Study Instituteon Engineering Theories of SoftwareIntensive Systems, … II: Mathemat-ics, Physics and Chemistry) by Man-fred Broy, Johannes Gruenbauer,David Harel, and Tony Hoare (2005)— Kindle Book

• Formal Methods in Programmingand their Applications: Internation-al Conference, Academgorodok,Novosibirsk, Russia June 28 – July2, 1993: Proceedings (Lecture Notesin Computer Science) by ManfredBroy, Dines Bjørner, and Igor V.Pottosin (1993)

Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manfred_Broy"

24 • Manfred Broy

Marcus Hutter

Marcus Hutter (born 1967) is a Ger-man computer scientist and professor atthe Australian National University. Hut-ter was born and educated in Munich,where he studied physics and computerscience. In 2000 he joined Jürgen Sch-midhuber's group at the Swiss ArtificialIntelligence lab IDSIA, where he devel-oped the first mathematical theory ofoptimal Universal Artificial Intelli-gence, based on Kolmogorov complexi-ty and Ray Solomonoff's theory of uni-versal inductive inference. In 2006 healso accepted a professorship at theAustralian National University in Can-berra.

Hutter's notion of universal AI de-scribes the optimal strategy of an agentthat wants to maximize its future ex-pected reward in some unknown dy-namic environment, up to some fixedfuture horizon. This is the general re-inforcement learning problem.Solomonoff/Hutter's only assumption isthat the reactions of the environment inresponse to the agent's actions followsome unknown but computable proba-bility distribution.

Universal artificial intelligence

Hutter uses Solomonoff's inductive in-ference as a mathematical formalizationof Occam's razor. Hutter adds to thisformalization the expected value of an

action: shorter (kolmogorov complex-ity) computable theories have moreweight when calculating the expectedvalue of an action across all computabletheories which perfectly describe previ-ous observations.

At any time, given the limited ob-servation sequence so far, what is theBayes-optimal way of selecting the nextaction? Hutter proved that the answer isto use Solomonoff's universal prior topredict the future, and execute the firstaction of the action sequence that willmaximize the predicted reward up to thehorizon. He called this universal algo-rithm AIXI.

This is mainly a theoretical result. Toovercome the problem thatSolomonoff's prior is incomputable, in2002 Hutter also published an asymp-totically fastest algorithm for all well-defined problems. Given some formaldescription of a problem class, the al-gorithm systematically generates allproofs in a sufficiently powerful ax-iomatic system that allows for provingtime bounds of solution-computing pro-grams. Simultaneously, whenever aproof has been found that shows thata particular program has a better timebound than the previous best, a cleverresource allocation scheme will assignmost of the remaining search time tothis program. Hutter showed that his

method is essentially as fast as the un-known fastest program for solvingproblems from the given class, save foran additive constant independent of theproblem instance. For example, if theproblem size is n, and there exists aninitially unknown program that solvesany problem in the class within n com-putational steps, then Hutter's methodwill solve it within 5n + O(1) steps. Theadditive constant hidden in the O() no-tation may be large enough to render thealgorithm practically infeasible despiteits useful theoretical properties.

Several algorithms approximateAIXI in order to make it run on a mod-ern computer, at the expense of its per-fect optimality.

Hutter Prize for Lossless

Compression of Human

Knowledge

On August 6, 2006, Hutter announcedthe Hutter Prize for Lossless Com-

pression of Human Knowledge withan initial purse of 50,000 Euros, the in-tent of which is to encourage the ad-vancement of artificial intelligencethrough the exploitation of Hutter's the-ory of optimal universal artificial intel-ligence.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Hutter"

Markus Kuhn

Markus G. Kuhn (born 1971 in Mu-nich) is a German computer scientist,currently teaching and researching atthe University of Cambridge ComputerLaboratory. A graduate of the Universi-ty of Erlangen (Germany), he receivedhis MSc at Purdue University (Indiana,US) and PhD at the University of Cam-bridge (England, UK). He is a Fellow ofWolfson College, Cambridge.

Kuhn's main research interests in-clude computer security, in particularthe hardware and signal-processing as-pects of it, and distributed systems. Heis known, among other things, for his

work on security microcontrollers, com-promising emanations, and distance-bounding protocols. He developed theStirmark test for digital watermarkingschemes, the OTPW one-time passwordsystem, and headed the project that ex-tended the X11 misc-fixed fonts to Uni-code.

In 1987 and 1988, he won the Ger-man national computer-science contest,and in 1989, he won a gold medal forthe West German team at the Interna-tional Olympiad in Informatics. In1994, as an undergraduate student, hebecame known for developing several

ways to circumvent the VideoCrypt en-cryption system, most notably the Sea-son7 smartcard emulator.

In 2002, he published a new methodfor eavesdropping CRT screens.

In 2010 Kuhn was asked to analyzethe ADE-651, a device used in Iraq thatwas said to be a bomb-detecting device;he found that it contained nothing but ananti-theft tag and said that it was "im-possible" that the device could detectanything whatsoever.

He is also known for some of hiswork on international standardization,such as pioneering the introduction of

Marcus Hutter • 25

Unicode/UTF-8 under Linux.. Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Markus_Kuhn"

Martin Odersky

Martin Odersky (born 5 September1958) is a German computer scientistand professor of programming methodsat the EPFL. He specialises in codeanalysis and programming languages.

In 1989 Odersky received his Ph.D.

from the ETH Zurich.He designed the Scala programming

language and Generic Java, and builtthe current generation of javac, the Javacompiler. In 2007 he was inducted as aFellow of the Association for Comput-

ing Machinery.In 2011, Odersky founded Typesafe,

a company to support and promoteScala.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Odersky"

Matthias Ettrich

Matthias Ettrich (born 14 June 1972in Bietigheim-Bissingen, Baden-Würt-temberg) is a German computer scien-tist known for his contributions to theKDE and LyX projects.

School

Matthias went to School in Beilstein, ashe lived with his parents in Obersten-feld, not too far away from the place hewas born. He passed the Abitur in 1991.Ettrich studied for his MSc in ComputerScience at the Wilhelm Schickard Insti-tute for Computer Science at the Eber-

hard Karls University of Tübingen.

Career

He currently resides in Berlin, Ger-many. He works for Nokia on the Qtgraphical widget toolkit and the QtCreator IDE.

Free software projects

Ettrich founded and furthered the LyXproject in 1995, initially conceived as auniversity term project. LyX is a graph-ical frontend to LaTeX.

Since LyX's main target platform was

Linux, he started to explore differentways to improve the graphical user in-terface, which ultimately led him to theKDE project. Ettrich founded KDE in1996, when he proposed on Usenet a"consistent, nice looking free desktop-environment" [sic] for Unix-like sys-tems using Qt as its widget toolkit.

On 6 Nov 2009, Ettrich was decorat-ed with the Federal Cross of Merit forhis contributions to Free Software.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthias_Ettrich"

Michael Baumgardt

Michael Baumgardt, born September12, 1966 in Berlin, Germany, is an in-ternationally known Desktop Publish-ing and Web Design expert who haswritten over 20 books.

Biography

In 1989, Baumgardt helped to launchKeys, a keyboard and computer mag-azine in Germany while also workingas editor for SOUND CHECK, anothermusician magazine by the same pub-lisher (PPV). Keys was competing atthat time with the much larger and moreestablished German Keyboards maga-zine. Under Baumgardt's creative andeditorial direction, the Keys magazinebecame a trendsetter magazine regardedwidely as the best magazine on modernmusic electronic. Among the many no-table articles that Keys featured was aninterview with Oskar Sala, the Germancomposer and inventor of the Mixtur-

Trautonium, and a round table interviewwith the leading American manufactur-ers of synthesizers.

In 1991, at the age of 23, Baumgardtwas officially promoted to editor-in-chief of Keys, making him one of theyoungest editor-in-chiefs in Europe.

The Keys magazine was also one ofthe first magazines in Germany to fullyutilize Desktop Publishing. Designed byVera Waldmann, the magazine was alsoone of the most stylish magazines onthe market at that time, using for exam-ple neon colors on the cover years be-fore the American Wired magazine waslaunched. Having graduated with a de-sign degree, Baumgardt was actively in-volved in this process, creating many ofthe illustrations inside and on the cover.He gradually became more involved inthe design and production process, cre-ating a complete redesign of the maga-zine, pushing the envelope of design for

special interest magazines at that time.With this experience and know-how,

Baumgardt left his position as editor-in-chief of Keys and started together withAlexandra Richter an advertisingagency in Munich, which, over theyears, worked for many clients from thefashion, clothing and media industry,including accounts like Rebook, MAC,Premiere TV and many more. Whileworking as a designer, Baumgardt start-ed writing for PAGE magazine, Ger-many's largest Desktop Publishing mag-azine. He contributed many of the arti-cles for the monthly magazine, becom-ing very well known in the DTP com-munity and establishing himself as anexpert. In 1994 he also started a bookpublishing company for Computer Mu-sic & Electronic. The first title, Key Re-port (written by Hans-Joachim Schaeferand Lars Wagner), was a collection ofvintage and current synthesizers.

26 • Martin Odersky

However, Baumgardt left the agencyand his publishing company to pursuehis music. In 1991 he moved to Boston,USA, to study at Berklee College forMusic . He continued writing for PAGEas their US correspondent, a positionthat he held for many years. Other mag-azines he wrote for include InternetWorld , Print Process , KONR@D, c't, Mac Design and Photoshop User . Atthat time he also started writing comput-er books on Desktop Publishing. In on-ly a few years he became the most wellknown and sought after author in Ger-many. His books were widely regard-ed as the best books on the subjects.At one point, three of his books werelisted at the same time in the top tenbest-selling computer graphic book list.Among his many titles were books onQuarkXPress (Addison-Wesley, 1998 ),Illustrator (Addison-Wesley, 1997 ),Fractal Painter (ITP, 1995), DTPkreativ!(Springer, 1996 ), Web Design

kreativ! (Springer, 1997 ) and Web De-sign mit Photoshop 5 (Addison Wesley,1998 ).

Drawn by the Internet Boom hemoved in 1996 to New York and pub-lished his first book in English (CreativeWeb Design, Springer Publishing, 1997), a computer book on web design andHTML. Having designed all his books,Baumgardt transcended the barriers ofbooks and magazine by including inter-views with the leading Web Designerand Information Architects, like Cle-ment Mok and Marc Crumpacker (Stu-dio Archetype).

The book that leads to his interna-tional breakthrough was “Web Designwith Photoshop 5.5”. First published inGermany for Photoshop 5.0 (in 1998),it was picked up by Peachpit Press inthe US for version 5.5 of Photoshop andwas soon published internationally inChinese, Korean, Spanish, Portugueseand many other languages.

Today many consider Baumgardt theleading expert in his field. Scott Kelby,editor-in-chief for Photoshop User mag-azine, and a well-known Photoshop ex-pert, said about Web Design with Pho-toshop: “Probably the most comprehen-sive book on Web Design with Photo-shop ever written, and in my opinion thebest book on the subject. Every Web de-signer should have a copy.” In the Pho-toshop CS1 release (version 8) of Pho-toshop, Adobe included one of his tu-torials in the Welcome Screen. Baum-gardt has been also a speaker at severalof the Photoshop World Conferences .

In 2004 he published QuarkXPress6 for Print and Web (Peachpit Press),which was highly praised by ShellieHall , the official Xpress evangelist ofQuark.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Baumgardt"

Michael E. Auer

Michael E. Auer (born 1948 inWeimar) is a German computer scien-tist and engineering educator and pro-fessor at the Carinthia University of Ap-plied Sciences, Austria.

He is the head of the Center of Com-petence (CoC) Online Laboratories atCarinthia University of AppliedSciences. In June 2006 Michael Auerwas elected as President and CEO ofthe International Association of OnlineEngineering (IAOE). He is founder andchair of the annual International Con-ference Interactive Computer aidedLearning (ICL) in Villach / Austria,chair of the steering committee of theannual International Conference Re-mote Engineering and Virtual Instru-mentation (REV). Under his guidanceinternational teams developed a JointEuropean Master Study Program Re-

mote Engineering (EU project MARE)and a Joint European Bachelor StudyProgram Information Technology (EUproject BIT2010). He is editor-in-chiefof the International Journals of OnlineEngineering (iJOE), Emerging Tech-nologies in Learning (iJET) and Interac-tive Mobile Technologies (iJIM). He al-so acts as an associated editor for Mid-dle and Eastern Europe of the EuropeanJournal of Open and Distance Learning(EURODL).

Michael E. Auer received his Ing. de-gree (1971) and his Ph.D. degree (1975)with a thesis on "Design and Analysisof ECL Circuits" from Dresden Univer-sity of Technology. From 1974-91 hewas an assistant professor at the fac-ulties Electrical Engineering and Infor-matics of this University. From 1991-95he was with F+O Electronic Systems

GmbH, Heidelberg (Head of softwaredepartment). His research was relatedto high-speed digital circuits (ECL), re-al time and network programming, em-bedded systems, system- and networkadministration of heterogeneous net-works, telelearning/teleteaching, remoteworking environments. In 1995 MichaelAuer was appointed Professor of Elec-trical Engineering of the School of Elec-tronics at Carinthia University of Ap-plied Sciences, Villach, Austria and hasalso a teaching position at the Universi-ty of Klagenfurt. He works as a visitingprofessor at the Universities of Amman(Jordan), Braşov, (Romania) and Patras,(Greece).Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_E._Auer"

Michael Kohlhase

Dr. Michael Kohlhase (born Septem-ber 13, 1964 in Erlangen) is a Germancomputer scientist and professor at Ja-

cobs University, Bremen, Germany,where he is head of the KWARC re-search group (Knowledge Adaptation

and Reasoning for Content) at theSchool of Engineering and Science.

Michael E. Auer • 27

Academic Positions

Dr. Michael Kohlhase is president ofthe OpenMath Society and a trustee ofthe Interest Group for MathematicalKnowledge Management (MKM). Hewas a trustee of the Conference on Au-tomated Deduction and theCALCULEMUS Interest Group. He hasbeen Conference Chair of CADE-21and Program Chair of the KI-2006,MKM-2005, andCALCULEMUS-2000 conferences andhas served on the Programme Commit-tees of more than three dozen interna-tional conferences. He has authored oredited four books and published almost100 peer-reviewed papers.

Michael holds an adjunct associateprofessorship at Carnegie MellonUniversity and was (2006–2008) vicedirector of the Department of Safe andSecure Cognitive Systems at GermanResearch Centre for Artificial Intelli-gence (DFKI) Lab Bremen.

Academic career

Dr. Michael Kohlhase obtained a degreein Mathematics (1989) from Universityof Bonn, a doctorate (1994) and habil-itation (1999) in Computer Science atSaarland University. He has pursued hisdoctoral and post-doctoral research inextended research visits at CarnegieMellon University, University of Am-

sterdam, the University of Edinburgh,and SRI International. From 2000-2003,he has conducted research and taughtat the School of Computer Science atCarnegie Mellon University, where hewas appointed to an adjunct associateprofessor. In September 2003 he wasappointed as Professor of ComputerScience at International University Bre-men (Jacobs University Bremen as of2007), and in 2006 he was a foundingmember of German Research Centre forArtificial Intelligence (DFKI) Bremen,where he is vice director of the Depart-ment of Safe and Secure Cognitive Sys-tems.

Awards and Stipends

2000

3-year Heisenberg-Stipend of theDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG).1996

AKI-prize, dissertation prize of the “Ar-beitsgemeinschaft deutscher KI-Insti-tute (AKI)”1991

dissertation stipend of the Studiens-tiftung (German National AcademicFoundation)1986

masters stipend of Studienstiftung

Research interests

Michael Kohlhase explains the seman-tic search engine MathWebSearch

Dr. Michael Kohlhase's current researchinterests include Automated theoremproving and knowledge representationfor mathematics, inference-based tech-niques for natural language processingand semantics, and computer-supportededucation.

Much of his concrete work is basedon web-based content markup formatslike MathML, OpenMath, and OMDocand systems for managing this data, e.g.semantic search engines for mathemat-ical formulae, semantic extensions toLaTeX, or converting legacy LaTeXdocuments from the arXiv.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Kohlhase"

Michael Kölling

Michael Kölling is a professor and soft-ware developer currently with theSchool of Computing at the Universityof Kent. Originally from Bremen, Ger-many, he is also a key member of theteam that developed the BlueJ andGreenfoot Java learning environments.BlueJ is used in over 900 institutionsworld wide. Kölling was also involvedin the development of the Blue pro-gramming language which was anobject-oriented programming languagethat was developed especially for teach-ing. This led on to what is now BlueJ.BlueJ is currently being maintained bya joint team at the University of Kentin Canterbury and Deakin University in

Melbourne, Australia.Launched in 2006, Greenfoot is an

environment created for teaching pro-gramming and computer science con-cepts and is targeted for a demographicof 15 years old and up. The software isavailable in both English and German.

Kölling co-wrote Objects First withJava (4th edition), with David J.Barnes, which has been translated intosix languages, including German, Ital-ian, French and Dutch. BlueJ is avail-able in over a dozen languages.

At the Association of ComputingMachinery (ACM) Special InterestGroup of Computer Science Education(SIGCSE) 2010 conference, held in

Milwaukee, WI, his work was refer-enced as one of the most influentialtools in the history of computer scienceeducation. This paper describedKölling's work on the Blue program-ming language, which preceded BlueJ.

Microsoft Patent issue

On the 22nd May 2005 Kölling made anentry to the BlueJ website in responseto a post on Dan Fernandez's blog (LeadProduct Manager - Visual Studio Ex-press). Fernandez described a new fea-ture of Visual Studio 2005 that "helpsyou understand objects at Design Time,rather than runtime." This feature hadstriking similarities to the way the ob-

28 • Michael Kölling

ject test bench functions within BlueJ.Kölling did not act on the discovery.

However, on May 11, 2006 Microsoftattempted to patent the idea. As the ob-ject test bench is essential to the wayit functions, had Microsoft's patent beengranted, it was likely that BlueJ wouldhave had to have been discontinued.

Kölling spoke to Microsoft, namelyJane Prey, and eventually the patent wasdropped.

Fernandez posted a response on hisblog where he says "the patent applica-

tion was a mistake and one that shouldnot have happened. To fix this, Mi-crosoft will be removing the patent ap-plication in question. Our sincere apolo-gies to Michael Kölling and the BlueJcommunity."

Miscellany

• Kölling received a "Best PhD ThesisAward" in 2000 from The Comput-ing Research and Education Associ-ation of Australasia

• Kölling was awarded the first Victo-

rian Pearcey Award for his develop-ment of BlueJ.

• Kölling holds an honorary researchposition at Deakin University.

• Kölling took part in a debate titled"Resolved: Objects First has failed"at SIGCSE in 2005. He believes that"Objects First has not failed. Wehave failed to do it".

Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_K%C3%B6lling"

Michael Ley

Michael Ley is a lecturer at the Depart-ment of Computer Science of theUniversity of Trier (Germany). His pri-mary interests are database systems, in-formation retrieval, digital libraries andelectronic publishing.

Ley is the principal developer of the

Digital Bibliography & Library Project(DBLP), a widely used computer sci-ence bibliography website hosted at theUniversity of Trier.

For his development of DBLP, Leyreceived the SIGMOD Contributionaward from the Association for Com-

puting Machinery (ACM) in 2003 andthe VLDB Endowment Special Recog-nition Award in 1997.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Ley"

Michael M. Richter

Michael M. Richter

Michael M. Richter (* June 21, 1938in Berlin) is a German mathematicianand computer scientist. Richter is wellknown for his career in mathematicallogic, in particular non-standard analy-sis, and in artificial intelligence, in par-

ticular in knowledge-based systems andcase-based reasoning (CBR, Fall-basiertes Schließen). He is worldwideknown as pioneer in case-based reason-ing.

Life

Richter studied mathematics1959–1965 at the University of Münsterand the University of Freiburg, wherehe completed his Ph.D. on Mathemati-cal Logic under the supervision of Wal-ter Felscher and he performed his Ha-bilitation in 1973 in Mathematics at theUniversity of Tübingen. After teachingat the University of Texas at Austin hewas Professor for Mathematics at theRWTH Aachen from 1975 to 1986.1986 he accepted a chair for ComputerScience at the University of Kaiser-slautern where he was teaching until hisretirement in 2003. He was severaltimes teaching at Austin, Florianopolisand Calgary. He was also teaching atthe University of St. Gallen from 1994to 2000 on Decision Support and Oper-ations Research. Presently he is AdjunctProfessor at the University of Calgary

and Visiting Professor at the Univer-sidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Flo-rianopolis, Brazil. In this time 64 stu-dents completed their PhD thesis and293 students their diploma and mastersthesis under his supervision. Many ofthem now hold professorships in vari-ous parts of the world.

In his spare time he goes running andhas run many marathons.

Activities

From 1981 to 1985 Michael Richter wasPresident of the German Association ofMathematical Logic and Basic Re-search in the Exact Sciences (DVMLGDeutsche Vereinigung für Mathematis-che Logik und Grundlagen der exaktenWissenschaften). Starting 1987 he wasfor five years co-initiator and co-chairof an annual series of conferences Logicin Computer Science. In 1989 MichaelRichter became head of the researchgroup Mathematical Logic (until 2004)from the Heidelberg Academy ofSciences (Heidelberger Akademie derWissenschaften). There he continuedand extended the Omega Bibliography,

Michael Ley • 29

a world wide unique scientific collec-tion containing all publications in Math-ematical Logic since 1889 in classifiedway. In Kaiserslautern he was memberof the managing committee of two con-secutive special research groups of theDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG): Artificial Intelligence andDevelopment of Large Systems withGeneric Methods. In 1988 he was oneof the founders of the DFKI at Kaiser-slautern, the German Research Centeron Artificial Intelligence, the first sci-entific director and later on head of theIntelligent Engineering Group. He wasone of the forerunners in turning staticexpert systems into flexible assistantsystems. An outstanding project wasARC-TEC: Acquisition, Representationand Compilation of Technical Knowl-edge. After 1990, his university groupwas participating in literally all majorEuropean projects on Case-Based Rea-soning. The most influential project wasHighlights of the European INRECAProjects (Inductive Reasoning on Cas-es), where a basic methodology was de-veloped. In 1993 the group initiated thefirst European Workshop on Case-Based Reasoning in Kaiserslautern(EWCBR) which was after that a bian-nual event and complemented by the In-ternational Conferences on CBR(ICCBR 2007).

Work

In logic Michael Richter specialized onnon-standard analysis where he wrote amonograph and created with his studentB. Benninghofen the Theory of Super-infinitesimals. Under the influence ofW.W. Bledsoe he became interested inArtificial Intelligence. In Aachen he de-veloped the first and still only programto apply rewrite rules to group theory.

In Software Engineering his group con-centrated on process modeling. In hisgroup the MILOS-System was devel-oped. It was leading in process model-ing and is now substantially extendedby Frank Maurer in Calgary to the sys-tem MASE. Together with his studentAldo v. Wangenheim he created the Cy-clops group, that worked on image un-derstanding, and developed new toolsbased on configuration system. This re-search gave now rise to various applica-tions and is heavily continued in Flori-anopolis, Brazil. Around 1990 MichaelRichter started to work on Case-BasedReasoning. Initially, it was an extensionof the work on technical expert systems.He introduced several basic conceptsand views in CBR. A very influentialone was the notion knowledge contain-ers. It is basic for building and main-taining CBR systems. He made severalimportant and systematic contributionsto the notion of similarity. These in-clude the relation of similarity measuresto general concepts of uncertainty andthe knowledge contained in similaritymeasures. On the foundational side hisgroup related similarity to utility andMichael Richter gave a formal seman-tics of similarity in terms of utilities.Since 1990 Michael Richter was con-cerned with combining basic researchand useful applications. As an example,his group founded tecinno company(now empolis) which is a very success-ful company in “selling CBR andknowledge management“.

Some major publications

Michael M. Richter has written numer-ous publications in Mathematics, Gen-eral Computer Science, Artificial Intel-ligence, Medical Informatics and Oper-ations Research. He has written and/or

edited 25 books. Some influential publi-cations are:• B. Benninghofen, Michael M.

Richter: A general theory of superin-finitesimals. Fundamenta Mathemat-icae 128 (1987), pp. 199-215.

• The Knuth-Bendix Completion Pro-cedure, the Growth Function andPolycyclic Groups. In: Proc. LogicColloquium ’86, ed. F. Drake, J.Truss, North-Holland Publ. Co. pp.261-275.

• B. Benninghofen, S. Kemmerich,Michael M. Richter: Systems of Re-ductions. SLN in Computer Science277 (1987); 265 + VII p.

• Michael M. Richter, S. Wess: Sim-ilarity, Uncertainty and Case-BasedReasoning in PATDEX. In: R. S.Boyer (Ed.), Automated Reasoning,Essays in Honor of Woody Bledsoe,Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.

• Recent Developments in Case-Based Reasoning: Improvements ofSimilarity Measures. In: New Ap-proaches in Classification and DataAnalysis, ed. E. Diday, Y. Lecheval-lier, M. Schader, P. Bertrand, B.Burtschy, Springer Verlag 1994, S.594-601.

• Michael M. Richter, Agnar Aamodt:Case-based reasoning foundations.Knowledge Engineering Re-view,20:3 Cambridge UniversityPress, p. 203-207 (2006).

• Foundations of Similarity and Utili-ty. Proc. Flairs 07, AAAI Press

• Similarity. In: Case-Based Reason-ing for Signals and Imaging, ed. Pe-tra Perner, Springer Verlag 2007,pp.25-90.

Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_M._Richter"

Michael Stal

Michael Stal (born 1963 in Munich) isGerman computer scientist. He receiveda Ph.D title from the University ofGroningen which appointed him anHonorary Professorship for SoftwareEngineering in 2010 . Stal is currentlyworking for the Corporate Technology

department of Siemens AG and as aprofessor at University of Groningen.He is editor-in-chief of the Java pro-gramming language magazineJavaSPEKTRUM .

Stal co-authored the book series“Pattern-Oriented Software Architec-

ture”.Volume 1 ”A System of Patterns”

book introduced Architecture Patterns,classified different categories of DesignPatterns, and a method how to use Pat-tern Systems.

Volume 2 addresses “Patterns for

30 • Michael Stal

Concurrent and Distributed Objects”.In addition to Software architecture,

his research fields comprise Distributedcomputing middleware, Systems inte-gration, Programming languages, andProgramming paradigms. Stal has beenmember of the Object ManagementGroup and participated in the standard-ization of C++.

Works

• Michael Stal Understanding and An-alyzing Software Architecture (ofDistributed Systems) using Patterns,Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, 2007,ISBN 9789036729802

• Frank Buschmann, Regine Meunier,Hans Rohnert, Peter Sommerlad,Michael Stal Pattern-Oriented Soft-ware Architecture - A System of Pat-

terns, Wiley & Sons, 1996, ISBN0471958697

• Douglas C. Schmidt, Michael Stal,Hans Rohnert , Frank BuschmannPattern-Oriented Software Architec-ture - Patterns for Cuncurrent andNetworked Objects, Wiley & Sons,2000, ISBN 0471606952

Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stal"

Osmar R. Zaiane

Osmar R. Zaiane (born April 11, 1965in Bad Kissingen, Germany) is arenowned researcher, computer scien-tist, Professor at the University of Al-berta specializing in Data Mining andMachine Learning. He is currently theSecretary Treasurer of the Associationfor Computing Machinery (ACM) Spe-cial Interest Group on Knowledge Dis-covery and Data Mining (SIGKDD) andserved as the Editor-in-Chief of the

SIGKDD Explorations publication from2008 to 2010. He was also the AssociateEditor of the same publication from2004 to 2007.

A former PhD student of Professor Ji-awei Han, he did his PhD on knowledgediscovery from data at Simon FraserUniversity. He is since 1999 a professorin the Department of ComputingScience at the University of Alberta inCanada, and is the Scientific Director

of the Alberta Ingenuity Centre for Ma-chine Learning. In 2009 he obtained theIEEE ICDM Outstanding ServiceAward, as well as the 2010 ACMSIGKDD Service Award the followingyear. He has also written the most citedpaper in the history of the research areaof educational data mining.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmar_R._Zaiane"

Pascal Costanza

Pascal Costanza is a researcher at theProgramming Technology Lab, Artifi-cial Intelligence Lab, Vrije UniversiteitBrussel. He is known in the field offunctional programming in LISP as wellas in the aspect-oriented programming(AOP) community for contributions tothis field by applying AOP through Lisp. More recently, he has developedContext-oriented programming, withRobert Hirschfeld.

His past involvements include speci-

fication and implementation of the lan-guages Gilgul and Lava, and the designand application of the JMangler frame-work for load-time transformation ofJava class files. He has also implement-ed ContextL, the first programming lan-guage extension for Context-orientedProgramming based on CLOS, andaspect-oriented extensions for CLOS.He is furthermore the initiator and leadof Closer, an open source project thatprovides a compatibility layer for the

CLOS MOP across multiple CommonLisp implementations. He has also co-organized numerous workshops onUnanticipated Software Evolution,Aspect-Oriented Programming, ObjectTechnology for Ambient Intelligence,Lisp, and redefinition of computing. Hehas a Ph.D. degree from the Universityof Bonn, Germany.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal_Costanza"

Osmar R. Zaiane • 31

Peter Baumann (computer scientist)

Peter Baumann

Peter Baumann (born 1960 inRosenheim) is a German computer sci-entist and professor at Jacobs Universi-ty, Bremen, Germany, where he is headof the Databases and Web Servicesgroup at the School of Engineering andScience.

Academic Positions

Baumann is professor of ComputerScience at Jacobs University, Bremen,Germany and founder and CEO of ras-daman GmbH.

He has authored and co-authored 65+book chapters and papers on array (akaraster) databases and further fields, andhas given tutorials on raster databasesworldwide.

Baumann is active in many bodiesconcerned with scientific data access:• member, Open Geospatial Consor-

tium; functions:• chair, Coverage Processing Ser-

vice Working Group• co-chair, Coverages Working

Group• co-chair, Web Coverage Service

Revision Working Group(WCS.RWG)

• founding member and secretary,CODATA Germany

• member, advisory board, GDI-HB(geo data infrastructure for Bremen)

• member, Commission for the Man-agement and Application of Geosci-ence Information, a Commission ofthe International Union of Geologi-cal Sciences

• representative of Jacobs UniversityBremen in KompetenzzentrumGeoinformatik Niedersachsen

• member, e-SDDC (Global Alliancefor Enhancing Access to and Appli-cation of Scientific Data in Develop-ing Countries) of UN-GAID

Academic career

Baumann obtained a degree in Comput-er Science (1987) from TechnicalUniversity of Munich, a doctorate(1993) in Computer Science at Darm-stadt University of Technology whileworking with Fraunhofer Institute forComputer Graphics. He has pursuedpost-doctoral activities in both industryand academia, working for SoftlabGroup in Munich (now Cirquent) and asAssistant Head of the Knowledge BasesResearch Group of FORWISS (Bavar-ian Research Center for Knowledge-based Systems) / Technical Universityof Munich where he was deputy to Prof.Rudolph Bayer, Ph.D. Among Dr. PeterBaumann's entrepreneurial acitiviteswas founding of the spin-off companyrasdaman GmbH for commercializationof the world's first multi-dimensionalarray database system. In August 2004he was appointed as Professor of Com-puter Science at Jacobs University Bre-men (formerly: International UniversityBremen).

Awards and Patents

• European IT Prize 1998• Jos Schepens Memorial Award 1998• Innovation Prize of the Bavarian

State Government 1998• Founders Competition Multimedia

1998Baumann holds international patents on

array databases.

Research interests

3-D cutout from an x/y/t satellite imagetimeseries datacube of approx. 10,000AVHRR images

Baumann's current research interests in-clude scalable database and Web ser-vice support for large, multi-dimension-al arrays, including algebraic modeling,query language, query optimization,system architecture, and applicationssuch as earth sciences and life sciences.As part of this research, standardizationof geo raster services is being ad-dressed. As such, it is related to Dimen-sional databases, however with a dis-tinct focus on spatio-temporal, multi-di-mensional raster graphics data, ratherthan business data.

Much of his concrete work is imple-mented and benchmarked in the frame-work of the rasdaman array DBMS.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Baumann_(computer_scientist)"

Raimund Seidel

Raimund G. Seidel is a professor of computer scientist at the Universität des Saarlandes and an expert in computa-

32 • Peter Baumann (computer scientist)

tional geometry.Seidel was born in Graz, Austria, and

studied with Hermann Maurer at theGraz University of Technology. He re-ceived his Ph.D. in 1987 from CornellUniversity under the supervision ofJohn Gilbert. After teaching at theUniversity of California, Berkeley, he

moved in 1994 to Saarland. In 1997 heand Christoph M. Hoffmann were pro-gram chairs for the ACM Symposiumon Computational Geometry.

Seidel invented backwards analysisof randomized algorithms and used itto analyze a simple linear programmingalgorithm that runs in linear time for

problems of bounded dimension. Withhis student Cecilia R. Aragon in 1989he devised the treap data structure, andhe is also known for the Kirkpatrick–Seidel algorithm for computing two-di-mensional convex hulls.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raimund_Seidel"

Reinhard Wilhelm

Reinhard Wilhelm (born June 5, 1946)is a German computer scientist.

Life and work

Wilhelm was born in Deutmecke, West-phalia. He studied math, physics andmathematical logic at University ofMünster and computer science at Tech-nical University Munich and StanfordUniversity. He finished his PhD at TUMunich in 1977. In 1978, he obtaineda professorship at Saarland Universitywhere he leads the chair for program-ming languages and compiler construc-tion until today. In addition, Wilhelmhas held the post of scientific directorof the Leibniz Center for Informatics atSchloss Dagstuhl since its inception in1990.

Wilhelm is one of the co-founders ofthe European Symposium on Program-ming (ESOP) and the European JointConferences on Theory and Practice ofSoftware (ETAPS). The European As-sociation for Programming Languages(EAPLS) goes back to his idea to foundan organization for advancing researchon programming languages and pro-gramming systems. In 1998, he foundedAbsInt, a research spin-off that offerssoftware for verification of time-criticalproperties of embedded systems, usedfor example for certification of the time-critical systems inside the Airbus A380.

Wilhelm's research focuses on pro-gramming languages, compiler con-struction, static program analysis andembedded real time systems, but also

includes animation and visualization ofalgorithms and data structures. Wilhelmdiscovered connections between codeselection and the theory of regular treeautomata, which is relevant for codegeneration using tree automata. He isone of the co-developers of the MUG1,MUG2 and OPTRAN compiler genera-tors, which are based on attribute gram-mars. Together with Ulrich Möncke, heproposed grammar flow analysis as ageneralization of interprocedural dataflow analysis. He invented a popularshape analysis based on three-valuedlogic together with Mooly Sagiv andTom Reps.

Wilhelm is co-author of the bookCompiler Construction which teachesnot only compilers for imperative lan-guages, but for object oriented, func-tional and logical ones as well andstresses theoretical foundation. It isavailable in German and French, too.

Wilhelm became a fellow of theACM in 2000 for his research on com-piler construction and program analysisand his work as a scientific director ofthe LZI. The TU Darmstadt and theFraunhofer-Institut für GraphischeDatenverarbeitung awarded him withthe Alwin-Walther medal in 2006. In2007 the French Ministry of Educationand Research awarded him with theGay-Lussac-Humboldt prize for hiscontributions to science and hisachievements in German–French coop-eration in research and education. Hebecame a member of the European

academy of sciences (AcademiaEuropaea) in 2008. October of the sameyear he was awarded an honorary doc-torate of the RWTH Aachen. In Decem-ber, he obtained an honorary degree ofTartu university. In September 2009, hewas awarded the Konrad-Zuse medalfor his achievements in research and ed-ucation with respect to compiler con-struction, real time analysis of programsand his service as scientific director ofthe LZI/Schloss Dagstuhl. In 2010 hewas awarded the Cross of the Order ofMerit of the Federal Republic of Ger-many.

List of books

• Jacques Loeckx, Kurt Mehlhorn,Reinhard Wilhelm: Foundations ofProgramming Languages 1989

• Reinhard Wilhelm: Informatics - 10Years Back. 10 Years Ahead.Springer 2001

• Reinhard Wilhelm, Helmut Seidl:Compiler Design: Virtual Machines,Springer 2011

• Helmut Seidl, Reinhard Wilhelm,Sebastian Hack: Compiler Design:Analysis and Transformation,Springer 2011

• Helmut Seidl, Reinhard Wilhelm,Sebastian Hack: Compiler Design:Syntactic and Semantic Analysis,Springer 2011

Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Wilhelm"

Rudi Studer

Rudi Studer (born 1951 in Stuttgart) isa German computer scientist and pro-

fessor at KIT, Germany. He is the headof the knowledge management research

group at the Institute AIFB and one ofthe directors of the Karlsruhe Service

Reinhard Wilhelm • 33

Research Institute (KSRI). He is formerpresident of the Semantic Web ScienceAssociation, and a member of numerousprogramme committees and editorialboards. He was one of the inauguraleditor-in-chiefs of the Journal of WebSemantics, a position he held until2007. He is a co-author of the SemanticWikipedia proposal.

He obtained a degree (1975) and aPhD (1982) in Computer Science at theUniversity of Stuttgart. From 1985 to1989 he was project leader and managerat IBM Germany, Institute of Knowl-edge Based Systems. November 1989he became professor in Karlsruhe. Since

then, he led his research group to be-come one of the world leading institu-tions in Semantic Web technology, andhe played a leading role in establishinghighly acknowledged international con-ferences and journals in this area. RudiStuder is also director in the departmentInformation Process Engineering at andone of the presidents of the FZI Re-search Center for Information Tech-nologies at the University of Karlsruheas well as co-founder of the spin-offcompany ontoprise GmbH that devel-ops semantic applications. He is a for-mer member of the L3S Learning LabLower Saxony in Hannover. He is a

member of AAAI, ACM, IEEE, IFIPWorking Group on Databases (WG2.6), and German Informatics Society(GI).

His current research interests spanover the main topics important for Se-mantic Web technology, includingknowledge management, knowledgeengineering, discovery and learning,ontology management, data and textmining, semantic web services, andpeer-to-peer systems.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudi_Studer"

Rudolf Bayer

Rudolf Bayer (born 7 May 1939) hasbeen Professor (emeritus) of Informat-ics at the Technical University of Mu-nich since 1972. He is famous for in-venting three data sorting structures: the

B-tree (with Edward M. McCreight),the UB-tree (with Volker Markl) andthe red-black tree.

Bayer is a recipient of 2001 ACMSIGMOD Edgar F. Codd Innovations

Award.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Bayer"

Sebastian Thrun

Sebastian Thrun (born 1967 in Solin-gen, Germany) is a Professor of Com-puter Science at Stanford Universityand director of the Stanford ArtificialIntelligence Laboratory (SAIL). He ledthe development of the robotic vehicleStanley which won the 2005 DARPAGrand Challenge, and which is exhibit-ed in the Smithsonian Institution's Na-tional Museum of American History.His team also developed Junior, whichplaced second at the DARPA UrbanChallenge in 2007. Thrun led the devel-opment of the Google self-driving car.Thrun is also known for his work onprobabilistic programming techniquesin robotics, with applications includingrobotic mapping. In recognition of hiscontributions, and at age 39, Thrun waselected into the National Academy ofEngineering and also into the GermanAcademy of Sciences Leopoldina in2007. In 2011, Thrun received the Max-Planck-Research Award. and the inau-gural AAAI Ed Feigenbaum Prize. FastCompany selected Thrun as the fifthmost creative person in business in the

world.

Biography

Education

Thrun received his Vordiplom (associatedegree) in computer science, econom-ics, and medicine, from the Universityof Hildesheim in 1988. At the Univer-sity of Bonn, he completed a Diplom(master’s degree) in 1993 and a PhD(summa cum laude) in 1995 in comput-er science and statistics.

Career

In 1995 he joined the Computer ScienceDepartment at Carnegie Mellon Univer-sity (CMU). In 1998 he became an as-sistant professor and co-director of theRobert Learning Laboratory at CMU.As a faculty member at CMU, he co-founded the Master's Program in Auto-mated Learning and Discovery, whichlater would become a Ph.D. programin the broad area of Machine Learningand Scientific Discovery. In 2001 Thrunspent a sabbatical year at StanfordUniversity. He returned to CMU to an

endowed professorship, the Finmecca-nica Associate Professor of ComputerScience and Robotics. Thrun left CMUin July 2003 to become an associateprofessor at Stanford University andwas appointed as the director of SAILin January 2004. Since 2007, Thrun hasbeen a full professor of computer sci-ence and electrical engineering at Stan-ford. He is also a Google Fellow, andhas worked on development of theGoogle driverless car system.

Research

Thrun developed a number of au-tonomous robotic systems that earnedhim international recognition. In 1994,he started the University of Bonn's Rhi-no project together with his doctoralthesis advisor Armin B. Cremers. In1997 Thrun and his colleagues WolframBurgard and Dieter Fox developed theworld's first robotic tourguide in theDeutsches Museum Bonn (1997). In1998, the follow-up robot "Minerva"was installed in the Smithsonian's Na-tional Museum of American History in

34 • Rudolf Bayer

Washington, DC, where it guided tensof thousands of visitors during a two-week deployment period. Thrun wenton to found the CMU/Pitt Nursebot pro-ject, which fielded an interactive hu-manoid robot in a nursing home nearPittsburgh, PA. In 2002, Thrun helpeddevelop mine mapping robots in a pro-ject with his colleagues William L.Whittaker and Scott Thayer, two re-search professors at Carnegie MellonUniversity. After his move to StanfordUniversity in 2003, he engaged in thedevelopment of the robot Stanley,which in 2005 won the DARPA GrandChallenge. His former graduate student

Michael Montemerlo, who was co-ad-vised by William L. Whittaker, led thesoftware development for this robot. In2007, Thrun's robot "Junior" won sec-ond place in the 2007 DARPA UrbanChallenge. Thrun joined Google as partof a sabbatical, together with severalStanford students. At Google, Thrun co-developed Google Street View.

Thrun's best known contributions torobotics are on the theoretical end.Thrun contributed to the area of proba-bilistic robotics, a field that marries sta-tistics and robotics. Thrun and his re-search group made substantial contri-butions in areas of mobile robot local-

ization, mapping (SLAM), and control.Probabilistic techniques have since be-come mainstream in robotics, and areused in numerous commercial applica-tions. In the Fall of 2005, Thrun pub-lished a textbook entitled ProbabilisticRobotics together with his long-termco-workers Dieter Fox and WolframBurgard. Since 2007, a Japanese trans-lation of Probabilistic Robotics hasbeen available on the Japanese market.

Thrun is one of the principal in-vestors of the Stanford spin-off Vec-torMagicSource (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebastian_Thrun"

Susanne Albers

Susanne Albers is a German theoreti-cal computer scientist and professor ofcomputer science at Humboldt-Univer-sität zu Berlin.

Albers studied mathematics, comput-er science, and business administrationin Osnabrück and received her Ph. D.(Dr. rer. nat.) in 1993 at SaarlandUniversity under the supervision ofKurt Mehlhorn. Until 1999 she was as-sociated with the Max Planck Institutefor Computer Science and held visiting

and postdoctoral positions at the Inter-national Computer Science Institute inBerkeley, Free University of Berlin, andUniversity of Paderborn. In 1999 she re-ceived her habilitation and accepted aposition at Dortmund University. From2001 to 2009 she was professor of com-puter science at Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. Since 2009 shehas been at Humboldt-Universität zuBerlin.

Albers’ research is in the design and

analysis of algorithms, especially onlinealgorithms, approximation algorithms,algorithmic game theory and algorithmengineering. In 1993 she received theOtto Hahn Medal from the Max PlanckSociety, and in 2008 the Gottfried Wil-helm Leibniz Prize from the GermanResearch Foundation, considered thehighest German research prize and in-cluding a grant of 2.5 million euro.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susanne_Albers"

Sven Koenig (computer scientist)

Sven Koenig is a full professor in com-puter science at the University of South-ern California. He received an M.S. de-gree in computer science from theUniversity of California at Berkeley in1991 and a Ph.D. degree in computerscience from Carnegie Mellon Univer-sity in 1997, advised by Reid Simmons.

Research

Koenig is an artificial intelligence androbotics researcher who develops tech-niques for planning and learning underuncertainty and time constraints, bothfor single agents and teams of agents.His research often combines ideas fromartificial intelligence and robotics withideas from other disciplines, such as de-cision theory, theoretical computer sci-ence, operations research and econom-

ics.

Scientific Achievements

In his pre-dissertation work, Koenig ap-plied Markov Decision Processes(MDPs) to artificial intelligence plan-ning. The standard textbook in artificialintelligence, Artificial Intelligence: AModern Approach (second edition),states "The connection between MDPsand AI planning problems was madefirst by Sven Koenig (1991), whoshowed how probabilistic STRIPS op-erators provide a compact representa-tion for transition models."

Koenig's dissertation on "Goal-Directed Acting with Incomplete Infor-mation" describes a robust robot nav-igation architecture based on partiallyobservable Markov decision process

models. His papers on the subject arehighly cited due to their pioneering na-ture and the subsequent wide adoptionof probabilistic robot navigation ap-proaches.

After his dissertation, Koenig laid abroad foundation for incrementalheuristic search in artificial intelligencewith the development of search algo-rithms such as Lifelong Planning A*(LPA*), D* Lite, Adaptive A* (AA*)and Fringe-Saving A* (FSA*). Theideas behind his incremental heuristicsearch algorithm D* Lite, for example,have been incorporated by others intoa variety of path planning systems inrobotics, including Carnegie MellonUniversity's winning entry in theDARPA Urban Challenge.

Koenig is also known for his work

Susanne Albers • 35

on real-time search, ant robots, proba-bilistic planning with nonlinear utilityfunctions, development and analysis ofrobot-navigation methods (goal-direct-ed navigation in unknown terrain, local-ization, coverage and mapping), agentcoordination based on cooperative auc-tions, and any-angle path planning.

Professional Activities

Koenig was conference co-chair of the2004 International Conference on Au-tomated Planning and Scheduling, pro-gram co-chair of the 2005 InternationalJoint Conference on AutonomousAgents and Multi-Agent Systems and

program co-chair of the 2007 and 2008AAAI Nectar programs. He served orserves on the editorial boards of severalartificial intelligence and robotics jour-nals, on the board of directors of theRobotics: Science and Systems Founda-tion, on the advisory boards of the Jour-nal of Artificial Intelligence Researchand Americas School on Agents andMultiagent Systems, and on the steeringcommittees of the International Confer-ence on Automated Planning andScheduling and the Symposium on Ab-straction, Reformulation, and Approxi-mation.

Honors and awards

Koenig is the recipient of an ACMRecognition of Service Award, an NSFCAREER award, an IBM Faculty Part-nership Award, a Charles Lee PowellFoundation Award, a Raytheon FacultyFellowship Award, a Mellon MentoringAward, a Fulbright Fellowship and theTong Leong Lim Pre-Doctoral Prizefrom the University of California atBerkeley.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sven_Koenig_(computer_sci-entist)"

Torsten Suel

Torsten Suel is an associate professorin the Department of Computer Scienceand Engineering at the Polytechnic In-stitute of New York University. He re-ceived his Ph.D. in 1994 from theUniversity of Texas at Austin under the

supervision of Greg Plaxton. His mostheavily cited publications are for hiswork on an implementation of bulk syn-chronous parallel computation, stream-ing algorithms for histograms, join op-erations in databases, distributed algo-

rithms for dominating sets, and webcrawler algorithms.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsten_Suel"

Udo Frese

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Udo Frese is assistantprofessor at the University of Bremenand leads the group for real time com-puter vision. He is furthermore affiliat-ed with the German Center for ArtificialIntelligence (DFKI) in Bremen.

He received his Ph.D. degree fromthe Friedrich-Alexander-Universität

Erlangen-Nürnberg where he studieddifferent aspects of the simultaneous lo-calization and mapping (SLAM) prob-lem. He developed two successful map-ping system, namely TreeMap andMulti-Level Relaxation (MLR). Addi-tionally, he is working in the field ofsafety algorithms for robots including

areas such as collision avoidance.Together with Cyrill Stachniss and

Giorgio Grisetti he is a co-founder ofthe open source SLAM repositorycalled OpenSLAM.orgSource (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udo_Frese"

Walter F. Tichy

Walter F. Tichy is professor of com-puter science at the Karlsruhe Instituteof Technology in Germany where heteaches classes in software engineering.

To the larger software developmentcommunity he is mostly known as theinitial developer of the RCS revisioncontrol system.

Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_F._Tichy"

Wau Holland

Herwart Holland-Moritz, known asWau Holland, (20 December 1951 - 29July 2001) cofounded the Chaos Com-puter Club (CCC) in 1981, one of theworld's oldest hacking clubs. The CCCbecame world famous when its mem-bers exposed security flaws in Ger-

many's "Bildschirmtext" (Btx) onlinetelevision service by getting a bank tosend them DM 134,000 (approx. Euro68,513) for accessing its Btx page manytimes. They returned the money the fol-lowing day.

Holland also co-founded the CCC's

hacker magazine Datenschleuder in1984, which praised the possibilities ofglobal information networks and pow-erful computers, and included detailedwiring diagrams for building your ownmodems cheaply. The then-monopolistphone company of Germany's Deutsche

36 • Torsten Suel

Bundespost had to approve modemsand sold expensive, slow modems oftheir own. The telecommunicationsbranch of Deutsche Bundespost wasprivatized and is now DeutscheTelekom.

Because of Holland's continuing par-ticipation in the club, the CCC gainedpopularity and credibility. He gavespeeches on information control for the

government and the private sector. Hol-land fought against copy protection andall forms of censorship and for an openinformation infrastructure. He com-pared the censorship demands by somegovernments to those of the Christianchurch in the Middle Ages and regardedcopy protection as a product defect. Inhis last years, he spent a lot of his timein a youth center teaching children both

the ethics and the science of hacking,with unique style and intelligent humor.

Holland was an amateur radio opera-tor and held the callsign DB4FA.

Holland died in Bielefeld on 29 July2001 of complications caused by a brainstem stroke from which he suffered inMay.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wau_Holland"

Wilfried Brauer

Wilfried Brauer (born in 1937 in Ber-lin, Germany) is a German computerscientist and professor emeritus atTechnical University of Munich. From1998 to 2001, he was chairman of Ge-sellschaft für Informatik, the Germancomputer science society. From 1994 to1999, he was vice president of the Inter-

national Federation of Information Pro-cessing.

Awards and honours

• Felix Hausdorff-Gedächtnispreis(1966)

• IFIP Silver Core (1986)• honorary doctor of the University of

Hamburg (1996)• Werner Heisenberg Medal (2000)• IFIP Isaac L. Auerbach Award

(2002)• honorary doctor of the Freie Univer-

sität Berlin (2004)Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfried_Brauer"

Wolfgang Nebel

Wolfgang Nebel (born 18 November1956) is a German computer scientistand professor for integrated circuit de-sign at the computer science (Infor-matik) department of the Carl von Ossi-etzky University of Oldenburg.

Biography

Nebel holds a Dipl.-Ing. degree in Elec-trical Engineering from the Universityof Hanover and a Dr.-Ing. degree fromthe Computer Science Department ofthe University of Kaiserslautern, wherehe has worked for Reiner Hartenstein.In 1987 Nebel joint Philips Semicon-

ductors, Hamburg, and worked as soft-ware engineer, CAD project managerand finally became CAD software de-velopment manager. From 1996 to 1998he served as Dean of his department.Additionally since 1998 Nebel has beena member of the executive board of theOFFIS research center, an institute as-sociated with Oldenburg University.From January 2001 December 2002Nebel served as vice-president ofOldenburg University. Since June 2005Nebel has been chairman of the OFFISresearch institute. Nebel is co-founder,chairman and CTA of ChipVision De-

sign Systems AG, an EDA start-upcompany located in Oldenburg, San Ra-mon, San Jose and Munich.

Nebel is and has been involved inseveral international conferences asprogram chair or a general chair. Heis also active in several additional pro-gram committees and professional or-ganizations. His research interest are inmethodologies and tools for embeddedsystem design, in particular: object ori-ented HW/SW specification and synthe-sis as well as design for low power.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Nebel"

Wolfgang Wahlster

Wolfgang Wahlster (born February 2,1953) is a German Artificial Intelli-gence researcher.

He is CEO and Scientific Director ofthe German Research Center for Arti-ficial Intelligence and full professor in

computer science at Saarland Universi-ty, Saarbrücken.

He was awarded the DeutscherZukunftspreis ("German FutureAward") in 2001 and is a foreign mem-ber of the Class for Engineering

Sciences of the Royal Swedish Acade-my of Sciences since 2003.Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Wahlster"

Wolfram Burgard

Wolfram Burgard (born 1961 inGelsenkirchen, Germany) is a German

roboticist. He is a full professor at theAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg

where he heads the Laboratory for Au-tonomous Intelligent Systems. He is

Wilfried Brauer • 37

known for his substantial contributionsto the simultaneous localization andmapping (SLAM) problem as well asdiverse other contributions to robotics.

Biography

Education

Wolfram Burgard received his Diplomadegree from the University of Dort-mund in 1987 and his Doctorate fromthe University of Bonn in 1991. His the-sis advisor was Armin B. Cremers.

Career

In 1991 he became a research assistantat the University of Bonn, where he ledthe laboratory for Autonomous MobileSystems. He was head of the researchgroup which installed the mobile robotRhino as the first interactive museumtour-guide robot in the Deutsches Mu-seum Bonn, Germany in 1997. In 1998,he and his colleagues deployed the mo-bile robot Minerva in the National Mu-seum of American History in Washing-ton DC. In 1999, Wolfram Burgard be-came Professor for Autonomous Intel-ligent Systems at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg.

Research

Together with his colleagues, WolframBurgard developed numerous proba-bilistic approaches to mobile robot nav-igation. This includes Markov localiza-tion, a probabilistic approach to mobilelocalization which can robustly trackthe position of a mobile robot, estimateits global position when it starts withoutany prior knowledge about it, and caneven recover from localization failures.In 1999, Frank Dellaert, Dieter Fox, Se-bastian Thrun, and Wolfram Burgarddeveloped Monte Carlo localization, aprobabilistic approach to mobile robotlocalization that is based on particle fil-ters.

Wolfram Burgard and his group hasalso made substantial contributions tothe simultaneous localization and map-ping (SLAM) problem, which is to de-termine the map of the environment andthe position of the robot at the sametime.

Wolfram Burgard together with hislong-term collaborators Dieter Fox andSebastian Thrun is a co-author of thebook Probabilistic Robotics. He also isa co-author of the book Principles ofRobot Motion - Theory, Algorithms, and

Implementations, together with HowieChoset, Kevin M. Lynch, Seth A.Hutchinson, George Kantor, Lydia E.Kavraki and Sebastian Thrun.

Wolfram Burgard has the 2009 Got-tfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize, the mostprestigious German research prize. Hehas furthermore received seven best pa-per awards from outstanding confer-ences. He also became a distinguishedlecturer of the IEEE Robotics and Au-tomation Society.

In 2008, Wolfram Burgard becamea fellow of the European CoordinatingCommittee for Artificial Intelligence. In2009, Wolfram Burgard became fellowof the Association for the Advancementof Artificial Intelligence.

Students

Wolfram Burgard supervised severalPhD students in his lab for AutonomousIntelligent Systems, namely MarenBennewitz (2004), Dirk Haehnel(2005), Cyrill Stachniss (2006), Ru-dolph Triebel (2007), Óscar MartínezMozos (2008), Patrick Pfaff (2008), andChristian Plagemann (2008).Source (edited): "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram_Burgard"

38 • Wolfram Burgard