GAF Institute of Aviation Medicine German Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine Commander: Col Dr. F Grell Clinical Aviation Medicine Division Head: Col Dr. H D Marwinski AsMA 84 st Annual Scientific Meeting, May 12-16 2013, Chicago Panel # 64: “Emergencies, First Aid and Prevention in Military and Civil Aviation Medicine”, Title: “Frequency and Pattern of Spinal Injury in Case of Escape with an Ejection Seat” Author: Lt Col Dr. T M Pippig
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GAF Institute of Aviation Medicine
German Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine Commander: Col Dr. F Grell
Clinical Aviation Medicine DivisionHead: Col Dr. H D Marwinski
AsMA 84st Annual Scientific Meeting, May 12-16 2013, ChicagoPanel # 64: “Emergencies, First Aid and Prevention in Military and
Civil Aviation Medicine”,
Title: “Frequency and Pattern of Spinal Injury in Case of
Escape with an Ejection Seat”
Author: Lt Col Dr. T M Pippig
GAF Institute of Aviation Medicine
Disclosure Information 84th Annual AsMA Scientific Meeting
Lt Col Dr. med. Torsten Pippig:
I have no financial relationships to disclose.
I will not discuss off-label use and/or investigational use in my presentation
GAF Institute of Aviation Medicine
Agenda:
1.Introduction and History.
2.Ejection Seat.
3.Results (Spinal Injuries).
4.Case Report.
5.Discussion.
6.Summery.
GAF Institute of Aviation Medicine
3
1. Indroduction and History
GAF Institute of Aviation Medicine 1. Indroduction and History
„The greatest disaster that could occur during an air mission is not the
destruction of an aircraft, the real catastrophe is the loss of a pilot. For this
reason, along with the development of aeronautical technology, progress has
been made in the field of escape systems. Since their incorporation into fighter
jets, ejection seats have saved over 6.000 lives, more than 80 % of pilots having
survived ejections.“
(FOWLIE, RAF, 1985)
Martin-Baker Home: 7413, 20.04.2013 („Ejection Tie Club“ (founded in 1957, 5800 member))
GAF Institute of Aviation Medicine 1. Introduction and History
On 13 Jan 1943: 1st documented successful use of ejection seat by German
Engineer Rudolf Schenk (He-280 prototype) in Laerz/Rechlin;
On 24 July 1946: 1st live flight test of the Martin-Baker System:
Gloster Meteor Mk III (Bernhard Lynch);
Martin Baker MK-16A zero-zero ejection seat (EF-2000, JSF, Rafale, T-38):
89kg, semi-reclined 18°, 5.500 m (18.000 ft.), Mach 2+, -3 Gz to + 9 Gz;
GAF Institute of Aviation Medicine 1. Introduction and History
Two-seat aircraft: Suchoi (RUS)
GAF Institute of Aviation Medicine 1. Introduction and History
Ka-50 Hokum (1982) and Ka-51 Alligator (RUS)
GAF Institute of Aviation Medicine 1. Introduction and History
Ejection Seat Concepts | ETC Aircrew Training Systems
GAF Institute of Aviation Medicine 2. Ejection Seat
GAF Institute of Aviation Medicine 3. Results
Tab. 1: Frequency of Injuries in Case of a Rescue Escape via Ejection Seat, German Air Force, from 1974 until 2012 (except F-104 G Starfighter)
NSurvival
RateFatal Injury
No Spinal Injury
Spinal Injury
Spinal Fracture
Spinal Soft Tissue Inj.
All103 93 10 45 48 31 17
Tornado54 50 4 20 30 19 11
F-4F25 21 4 13 8 7 1
RF-4E21 19 2 11 8 4 4
MiG-29
F-16, Hawk
12
12
00
01
11
01
10
in %90.3 9.7 48.4 51.6 33.3 18.3
GAF Institute of Aviation Medicine
Table 4:Source: Vasquez et al.,
3. Results
NationPeriod (N)
No Injured
Letal Injured
Severe Injured
Mild injured
Canada ? (77) 22.2 6.5 10.5 60.9
Sweden
1967-1987 (92)
43.5 9.8 4.3 42.4
Finland? (17)
17.6 5.9 29.4 47.1
Australia
1951-1992 (84)
8.3 8.3 38.1 45.2
Jordan
? (?)
45.5 9.1 9.1 36.4
Bulgaria
1953-1993 (?)
30.0 16.7 23.3 30.0
Spain1979-1995 (48)
10.4 14.6 52.1 22.4
GAF Institute of Aviation Medicine
Source: Wehrmedizinische Mschr. Heft 8/1993
3. Results
Nation(Author)
Period Number Survived(N) and %
Letal Injured(N) and %
GAF
(BECKMANN)
1965 - 1980 217 (176)81.1
(41)18.9
RCAF
(SMILEY)
1952 - 1966 292 (230)
78.8
(62)
21.2
USAF
(PLETCHER)
1949 - 1971 3700 (3050)82.4
(650)17,6
France
(?)
1955 - 1971 331 (256)
77.3
(75)
22.6
All 4538 (3710)
79.9
(828)
20.1
12.04.2007 24.03.2009
GAF Institute of Aviation Medicine
Tab. 2: Ejection Seat: Number of Fractures and Location
3. Results
NCervical
FracturesThoracic Fractures
Lumbar Fractures
All Fractures 49 6 34 9
PA 200 Tornado 30 5 21 4
F-4F Phantom II 11 1 8 2
RF-4E 5 0 2 3
Hawk 3 0 3 0
X-ray: Dens Fracture (1993) Thoracic F. (1995) MRI: sag,T1 stir (2005)
GAF Institute of Aviation Medicine 4. Case Report: 24.03.2009
Pilot (H F., 1978, 31 y., 980 fh) WSO (H E., 1970, 39 y., 3250 fh)