GEOtop2010

Geotop2010 as a Gold Mine for the CHyMP

R. Rigon, M. Dall’Amico, S. Endrizzi, E. Cordano, A. Antonello, S. Franceschi

GEOtop2010

Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano

2

-> What is now

Rigon et al., JHM, 2006, Bertoldi et al., JHM, 2006, Simoni, 2007, Endrizzi, 2007http://www.geotop.org

The GEOtop project1. GEOtop is a distributed hydrological model, which integrates water and energy budget in complex terrain [Rigon et al. 2006].

2. It performs energy balance and water balance, computing energy fluxes between soil and atmosphere, subsurface and surface flows [ Bertoldi et al., 2006].

http://www.geotop.org


GEOtop2010


What for?

measured simulated

3

rainfall-runoff and soil moisture

heterogeneity in soil hydraulic properties, landscape structural properties, soil moisture profile, surface–subsurface interaction, interception by plants, snowpack, rainfall distribution

GEOtop2010


4

3. Soil moisture and soil water pressure are dynamically computed at each location (x, y, z) [Cordano et al., 2007].

1. GEOtop is a distributed hydrological model, which integrates water and energy budget in complex terrain [Rigon et al. 2006].

2. It performs energy balance and mass balance, computing energy fluxes between soil and atmosphere, subsurface and surface flows [ Bertoldi et al., 2006].

The GEOtop project

GEOtop2010


[Simoni et al, 2007]5

shallow landslides and debris flow triggering

Initial and boundary conditions, heterogeneity in soil hydraulic and geotechnical properties, landscape structural and geological properties, soil moisture profile

What for?

GEOtop2010


6

4. Slope stability is assessed through the probabilistic and dynamic module GEOtop-FS [Simoni et al, 2007].

3. Soil moisture and soil water pressure are dynamically computed at each location (x, y, z) [Cordano et al., 2007].

1. GEOtop is a distributed hydrological model, which integrates water and energy budget in complex terrain [Rigon et al. 2006].

2. It performs energy balance and mass balance, computing energy fluxes between soil and atmosphere, subsurface and surface flows [ Bertoldi et al., 2006].

The GEOtop project

GEOtop2010


[Zanotti et al., 2004; Endrizzi, 2007].7

What for?

Snow mantle evolution and ablation topography, metamorphism,

avalanches, albedo, insulation...

GEOtop2010


8

The GEOtop project

GEOtop2010


8

5. Snow and ice melt are accounted for [Zanotti et al., 2004; Endrizzi, 2007].The GEOtop project

GEOtop2010


courtesy of Stephan Gruber (University of Zurich)

work in progress [Dall’Amico et al]9

What for?

Soil freezing and permafrost unfrozen liquid content, water flow in freezing soil, inertia and initial conditions

GEOtop2010


10

The GEOtop project

GEOtop2010


10


GEOtop2010


10

5. Snow and ice melt are accounted for [Zanotti et al., 2004; Endrizzi, 2007].

6. Freezing soil => work in progress [Dall’Amico].

The GEOtop project

GEOtop2010


11

-> GEOFRAME: a system for doing hydrology by Computer

PostGISPostgres

Webservices

WMSWFS-TWPS

OpenMI

J-Console Engine

JGrass

uDigEclipse RCP

H2 spatial

UIBuilder

GRASS

GIS engine

The Horton Machine

Models

BeeGIS

www.slideshare.net/GEOFRAMEcafe/geoframe-a-system-for-doing-hydrology-by-computer

The GEOFRAME framework

http://www.slideshare.net/GEOFRAMEcafe/geoframe-a-system-for-doing-hydrology-by-computer


GEOtop2010


12

The GEOtop project

GEOtop2010


12


GEOtop2010


12



The GEOtop project

GEOtop2010


12



7. GEOFRAME => GIS environment integrated with JGrass, data preprocessing, post-processing, visualization and hydrological tools [HYDROLOGIS].

The GEOtop project

GEOtop2010


13

www.geotop.org

GEOtop2010


14

The GEOtop project

GEOtop2010


14


GEOtop2010


14



The GEOtop project

GEOtop2010


14




The GEOtop project

GEOtop2010


14




8. Documentation and Wikipage => www.geotop.org

The GEOtop project



GEOtop2010


Input data (N: necessary, O: optional)

15

• DTM (N)• land use map (N)• hydraulic parameters (N):

hydraulic conductivity, Van Genuchten alpha and n, porosity, residual water content

• thermal parameters (N): thermal conductivity, thermal capacity, geothermal heat flux

• surface parameters (N): albedo, emissivity

• vegetation type (O): typology, density, height

Topography and site specific parameters (static) • Precipitation intensity (mm/h) (N)

• Wind speed (m/s) (N)• Direction from which wind comes from

(˚N clockwise) (O if Micromet is Off)• Relative humidity (%) (N)• Air temperature (˚C) (N)• Lapse rate (˚C/m in upward direction) (O)• Air pressure (mbar) (O)• Global shortwave radiation (W/m2) (O)• Direct shortwave radiation (W/m2) (O)• Diffuse shortwave radiation (W/m2) (O)• Cloudiness (fraction from 0 to 1) (O)• Incoming shortwave radiation (W/m2) (O)• Incoming longwave radiation (W/m2) (O)• Outgoing shortwave radiation (W/m2) (O)• Outgoing longwave radiation (W/m2) (O)• Sensible heat flux (W/m2) (O)• Latent heat flux (W/m2) (O)

Meteo data (dynamic)

GEOtop2010


Output data

16

• Temperature profile• water content profile• ice content profile• pore water pressure profile• snow height, density• glacier height, density• surface energy fluxes

(G, H, L, TE, Rn)• water discharge at an

outlet

Point values Distributed maps

• Temperature profile• water content profile• ice content profile• pore water pressure

profile• snow height, density• glacier height, density• surface energy fluxes

(G, H, L, TE, Rn)

GEOtop2010


ABL solver

read meteo

fluxes BC

soil heat equation

snow/glacier

Jm

precipitation (snow or rain)

water balance (Richards equation)

Write outputUpdate time

What’s behind the curtains

17

GEOtop2010


+ = GEOframe

www.jgrass.org www.geotop.org

Integrated structure

AnalysisTools (UNITN/R)

Database (PostgresSQL/PostGIS/CUAHSI)

Models(UNITN/OpenMI)

Interfaces(Java/JGRASS)

users webexternal

database

18

http://www.jgrass.org




GEOtop2010


Main Program: GEOtop 0.9375 KMackenzie in a unique piece of code containing:

19

•Input data

•Meteo Data Interpolator - MicroMET (Elder & Liston, 2006)

•Separation - Rainfall - Snow

•Energy Budget (optional)

•Water Budget

-> What is now

•Output data

www.slideshare.net/GEOFRAMEcafe/GEOtop



GEOtop2010


Meteo Data Interpolator

20

•Wind: Micromet or uniform values

•Precipitation - Micromet or simple kriging

•Short wave incoming radiation: Micromet or custom parameterization

•Long wave incoming radiation: Micromet or or custom parameterization

-> What is now

Micromet from (Elder & Liston, 2006)

GEOtop2010


21

The grid

•Square structured grid based on the DEM

•QUI UN DISEGNO DI UNA GRIGLIA STRUTTURATA

GEOtop2010


Energy Budget

22

•Contains the heat Equation with radiation budget for

•snow (multilayer)

-> What is now

•soil (multilayer)

•Allows for phase changes and soil freezing

•Boundary conditions includes:

•Constant flux at the bottom•Atmosphere exchange at the surface layer

GEOtop2010


Water Budget

23

•Richards 3D but solving separately the vertical and the later flow (e.g. Cordano and Rigon, 2008)

-> What is now

•Subsurface Flow

•Surface Flow:

•Channel Flow

•Kinematic wave equation

•Using GIUH style (e.g. D’odorico and Rigon, 2003) approach

GEOtop2010


24

Comprehensive GEOtop Bibliography

•Simoni, S., F. Zanotti, G. Bertoldi and R. Rigon, Modelling the probability of occurrence of shallow landslides and channelized debris flows using GEOtop-FS, accepted for Hydrol. Proc., published on-line, Dec 2007

•Rigon R., Bertoldi G e T. M. Over, GEOtop: A distributed hydrological model with coupled water and energy budgets, Jour. of Hydromet., Vol. 7, No. 3, pages 371- 388., Vol. 7, No. 3, pages 371-388.

•Bertoldi, G., R. Rigon & T. M. Over, Impact of watershed geomorphic characteristics on the energy and water budgets, Jour. of Hydromet., Vol. 7, No. 3, p. 371- 388. Vol. 7, No. 3, pages 389 - 394, 2006.

•Lanni C., Tarantino A., Cordano E., Rigon R., 2009: Analysis of the effect of normal and lateral subsurface water flow on the triggering of shallow landslides with a distributed hydrological model" - International Conference "Landslides Processes" ,Strasbourg, France

GEOtop2010


25

•Bertoldi G., Dietrich W.E., Miller N. L., Rigon R.. Bedrock and soil contribution to the formation of sub-surface runoff by saturation in headwater catchments: observations and simulation using a distributed hydrological model, Atti del XXIX Convegno di Idraulica e Costruzioni Idrauliche, Trento, Settembre 2004.

• Zanotti F, Endrizzi S, Bertoldi G, Rigon R. 2004. The GEOTOP snow module. Hydrological Processes 18: 3667–3679. DOI:10/1002/hyp.5794.

• G. Bertoldi, C. Notarnicola, G. Leitinger, M. Zebisch, and U. Tappeiner (in preparation) Morphological and eco-hydrological controls on land surface temperature in an Alpine catchment

• G. Bertoldi, G. Wohlfahrt, S. Della Chiesa, U. Tappeiner, S. Endrizzi (in preparation): Biotic and a-biotic controls on energy and water partitioning in a mountain grassland

GEOtop2010


26

Next Versions of GEOtop will be components based on GEOFRAME

GEOtop2010


27


PostGISPostgres

Webservices

WMSWFS-TWPS

The complete GEOFRAME framework

OpenMI

J-Console Engine

JGrass

uDigEclipse RCP

H2 spatial

UIBuilder

GRASS

GIS engine

The Horton Machine

Models

BeeGIS

www.slideshare.net/GEOFRAMEcafe/geoframe-a-system-for-doing-hydrology-by-computer



GEOtop2010


28


JGrass 3

www.jgrass.org



GEOtop2010


Next year

29

-> Next Year (Spring 2010)

First Steps into GEOFRAME: Data base

• Design and implementation of the simulation Data Base (based on standards derived from CUAHSI, OMS and Earth System Curator)

• The Data Base (DB) will be built upon Postgresql/postgis/postgrid which usually will run on a server

• The DB can however run locally

• An internal copy of some of the DB features can be imported inside the GEOFRAME modeling system through the GEOFRAME Data Master (already implemented)

• The DB will contain the forcing and the parameters needed to run GEOtop.

GEOtop2010


J-Hydro

This year (2009) in progress

30



GEOtop2010



31



GEOFRAME DATA MASTER

GEOtop2010


32



JGrass


GEOtop2010


33



GEOtop2010


34



GEOtop2010


Next year

35



•Locally JGrass will contain and manage GEOtop that will be executed from the J-Console

•Data will be produced according to the internal formats of JGrass (and possibly these will include NetCDF)

• Preparation of the input data

•An internal copy of some of the DB features can be imported inside the GEOFRAME modeling system through the GEOFRAME Data Master (already implemented)

GEOtop2010


Next year

36


First Steps into GEOFRAME: Use case

DATAMASTER

DATABASECLIENT

JGrass

CARTELLADATI

GEOtop2010


Next year

37



DATAMASTER

DATABASECLIENT

JGrass

CARTELLADATI

GEOtop2010


Next year

38



DATAMASTER

DATABASECLIENT

JGrass

CARTELLADATI

GEOtop2010


Next year

39



DATAMASTER

DATABASECLIENT

JGrass

CARTELLADATI

GEOtop2010


Next year

40



DATAMASTER

DATABASECLIENT

JGrass

CARTELLADATI

GEOtop2010


Next year

41



DATAMASTER

DATABASECLIENT

JGrass

CARTELLADATI

GEOtop2010


Next year

42


First Steps into GEOFRAME: First Componentization

WaterBudget

EnergyBudget

MeteoForcings

The first version

+ + I/O

GEOtop2010


Next year

43

-> Next Year (Summer 2010)

I/OWaterBudget

EnergyBudget

MeteoForcings

The second version

First Steps into GEOFRAME: Second Componentization

GEOtop2010


44

Further splitting will follows

I/O Data Assimilation

RadiationEnergyBudget

Vegetation

SubsurfaceFlows

SurfaceFlows

Snow&

Cryosphere

-> Next Year (Fall 2010)

GEOtop2010


Next processes - scales

45

Visualization: JGrass

GEOtop2010



46

Visualization: Nasa World Wind

GEOtop2010



47

Numerics

•Current Numerics will be replaced with new numerical methods.

•This action has actually started with using Brugnano

and Casulli, and 2008 Casulli, 2008 in rewriting subsurface flow equations, beginning with an implementation of:

•Boussinesq equation on unstructured grids with finite volumes

•Boussinesq equation on unstructured grids with finite volumes and embedded sub-parameterizations (Casulli, 2008)

•Richards equations with embedded sub-parameterizations

•And follows with

•Substitution of actual surface water equations with shallow water ones coupled with subsurface waters

GEOtop2010



48

Implementation

•GEOtop is a mix of FORTRAN (Micromet) and C codes. C, in turn, is according to some costume libraries that are called FluidTurtle libraries.

•These are planned to be replaced in the new implementation by the ESMF libraries

•This, in turn, could open the possibility to recompile the entire GEOtop under the ESMF, as an alternative substituting the OpenMi superstructure with the ESMF superstructure.

This would allow for natural scalability of the GEOtop code from desktop computers to supercomputers (we do not really know if it is possible and we are investigating the possibilities).

GEOtop2010


49


GEOtop is a collaborative projects and other are invited to bring into new components

BTWif the CHyMP takes some

momentum GEOtop can flow into it ...

GEOtop2010


NewAge GEOtop

50

NewAge (Rigon et al., 2009) is a large scale distributed model.

unsaturated

Saturated storage

Snow

Vegetation

Channels Lakes Human works

Radiation

Precipitation

Air Temperature

Air humidity

wind

It includes the modelling of reservoirs, intakes and human works

GEOtop2010


NewAge GEOtop

51


•It implements already much of the informatics describe above and includes

•Two components for the interpolation of meteorological data

•h.jami (Just another meteo interpolator) for the interpolation at hillslope scale of temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, and others.

•h.kriging Implements simple kriging for rainfall interpolations

•Some sub-components for calculating the energy budget lumped at hill-slope scale

GEOtop2010


NewAge GEOtop

52


•Several components for runoff formation, aggregation and routing

•h.adige. A component for the evaluation of the surface and subsurface fluxes (as a dynamical model) - Partially based on Cuencas, Mantilla and Gupta, (2005)

•h.saintgeo. It integrates the 1-D de SainttVenant

Equation.

•Various Ancillary sub-models

GEOtop2010


NewAge GEOtop

53


•A simplified snow model

•h.snow ?

•h.ET ?

•A model for the estimation of evapotranspiration according to the Penman-Monteith equation.

GEOtop2010


NewAge GEOtop

54


•These components will be able to interact with GEOtop componenents after the writing of the appropriate interconnection modules.

•Especially the modules which regards the channel flow can, in perspective, substitute the actual implementation of channel routing.

•NewAge use a sophisticate treatment of channels and fully exploits the geographic capabilities of the GEOFRAME system.

Geotop KMcKenzie An inside view

R. Rigon, M. Dall’Amico, S. Endrizzi, E. Cordano

GEOtop2010


56

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

• Input and output files• Code structure• ...

GEOtop2010


57

Necessary input

Parameters files

general files

GEOtop2010


58

Necessary input

__geotop.init

__geotop.inpts

strings array representing the keywords for the filestrings array representing the necessary file names

_points_horizon horizon angles at different azimuth: necessary for 1D simulations

__control_parameters parameters controlling the simulations (integration Dt, duration, beginning time, standard time, output time, 1D or 2D simulations...)

__options_point.txt coordinates of the points where to print the results, saving points, horizon file name...

__parameters.txt parameters file

_soil.txt

PARAMETERS

GENERAL

soil depth, Van Genuchten, thermal, hydraulic parameters for each soil type given the corresponding map

GEOtop2010


59

Necessary input

Meteo files

GEOtop2010


60

Necessary input

__geotop.init

__geotop.inpts

strings array representing the keywords for the filestrings array representing the necessary file names

_points_horizon horizon angles at different azimuth: necessary for 1D simulations

__control_parameters parameters controlling the simulations (integration Dt, duration, beginning time, standard time, output time, 1D or 2D simulations...)

__options_point.txt coordinates of the points where to print the results, saving points, horizon file name...

__parameters.txt parameters file

_soil.txt soil depth, Van Genuchten, thermal, hydraulic parameters for each soil type given the corresponding map

PARAMETERS

GENERAL

_meteo_cloud.txt

_meteo_horizon0001.txt

...

_meteo0001.txt file of meteo stations data

METEO

horizon angles at different azimuth for the meteo station 0001

GEOtop2010


61

Necessary input

Meteo files

morpho files

GEOtop2010


62

Necessary input

_meteo_cloud.txt

_meteo_horizon0001.txt

...

_meteo0001.txt file of meteo stations data

MORPHO

horizon angles at different azimuth for the meteo station 0001

to be continued...

GEOtop2010


main program

2

•Read Input data

•Meteo Data Interpolator - MicroMET (Elder & Liston, 2006)

•Separation - Rainfall - Snow

•Infiltration (Richards 1D)

•Redistribution (Richards 2D)

-> What is now

•Output data

•Surface runoff

•Channel Routing

•dynamic allocation of structures (soil, water...)

GEOtop2010


64

/*structs' declarations:*/ TOPO *top; /* topographical characteristics */ SOIL *sl; /* soil characteristics */ LAND *land; /* land characteristics */ WATER *wat; /* water infiltrating */ CHANNEL *cnet; /* channel routing characteristics */ PAR *par; /* various parameters */ ENERGY *egy; /* energy radiation characteristics */ SNOW *snow; /* snow characteristics */ GLACIER *glac; /* glacier characteristics */ METEO *met; /* meteo data characteristics */ TIMES *times; /* time variables */ LISTON *liston; /* structure for Micromet */

structures

GEOtop2010


65

Read input data

read_inpts_par(par, times,files->element[I_CONTROL_PARAMETERS]+1,textfile, "1:");/* reads __control_parameters.txt */

files=get_filenames_from_keys(WORKING_DIRECTORY,PROGRAM_NAME,PRINT); /* reads the keywords in __geotoo.init */

read_parameterfile(files->co[fpar]+1, par, liston, IT);/* reads the file __parameters.txt */

read_soil_parameters(files->co[fspar]+1, &n_soiltypes, sl);/* reads the file _soil.txt */

read_inputmaps(top, land, sl, par);read_optionsfile_distr(files->co[fopt]+1, par, times, top->Z0);

distributed simulationpunctual simulation

read_optionsfile_point(files->co[fopt]+1, par, top, land, sl, IT);

read parameters and maps

GEOtop2010


66

Read input data

read meteoinit_meteo_stations(IT->met, met->st);/* reads __control_parameters.txt */

ReadMeteoHeader(f, IT->met_col_names, met->st->offset->co[i], &ncols, met->column[i-1]);met->data[i-1]=read_datameteo(f, met->st->offset->co[i], ncols, UV->V->co[2]);met->horizon[i-1]=read_horizon(files->co[fhor]+1, i);

GEOtop2010

Education

stefano endrizzi

matteo dallamico

emanuele cordano

geotop2010the geotop

z cordano

freezing soil

complex terrain rigon

soil hydraulic